be Bernwaled unknown to me who he was So is also that of the fifteenth only it was an eminent name amongst them as was also Aethelstan on the sixteenth That upon the seventeenth is likely to be of that valiant and noble Viceroy of Mercia married to the King's daughter Ethelfleda a woman of admirable wisdom courage and zeal in sum a daughter worthy of such a father The eighteenth is of Edward Senior that victorious and glorious son and successor of King Aelfred equal to his father in valour and military skill but inferiour to him in learning and knowledge His actions are sufficient for a volume On his head is a close or imperial crown born by few if any other besides the Kings of England The reverse is Leofwine or Lincoln The twenty third Beornwald I rather read it Deorwald i.e. Deirorum sylva York-woulds the chief Town whereof was Beverly And the rather because of the twenty fourth Diora Moneta which seems to be the money of the Deiri or Yorkshire-men The rest of the Coins of this Prince are easily understood The names upon the reverses seem to have been Noblemen or Governors The twenty fifth is remarkable for the spelling Jedword the reverse is Arnerin on Eoferwic i.e. York The twenty sixth hath the reverse Othlric on Ring which might be Ringhornan in Lancashire a large Town one of the eight built by his sister Ethelflede Of the twenty seventh I do not understand the reverse The twenty eighth is of that most famous and worthy King Aethelstan the true progeny of such a father and grandfather In his youth his grandfather King Aelfred saw such a spirit and indoles in him that he foretold if it should please God that he came to the Crown he would perform very great actions for the good of his country and he made him also I think the first that we read to have received that honour in this nation a Knight and gave him ornaments accordingly the more likely because Aelfred also order'd the robes and ceremonies of the Coronation This Prince extended his Victories Northward even into Scotland Which countreys till his time were never peaceably settled because the two nations Saxons and Danes mingled together in their habitations and yet having several Kings and Laws could never be long in quiet Upon the borders of Scotland he fought one of the most terrible battles that ever was in England against Anlaf King of Ireland Constantine King of Scotland and a very mighty and numerous Army Wherein were said to be slain five Kings seven Earls or chief Commanders besides vast numbers of inferior Officers and Soldiers Authors say that King Aethelstan's valiant Chancellor and General Turketill with wonderful courage and strength broke through the enemies ranks till he met with King Constantine and slew him with his own hand Others say that Constantine was not slain but his son Turketill after all his wars and greatness resigning his estates and wealth repaired to the Monastery of Croyland and lived in it himself till his death The reverse is Biorneard moneta Londonensis civitas or Holond ci The former reading is the true The twenty ninth is King Edmund Brother and not inferior either in valour or counsel to Aethelstan He pursued the design of reducing all his subjects to perfect unity and peace by extirpating those rebellious irreconcileable enemies the Danes In the beginning of his Reign he cleared Mercia of them For King Edward seeing the Kingdom so much depopulated by those destructive wars ever since the entrance of the Danes upon promise and oath of fealty and obedience as his father also had done amongst the East-Angles permitted these Danes to live amongst his natural Subjects and chiefly in the great Towns thinking because of their profession of arms and soldiery they would better defend them than the Saxons more industrious and skilful in labour and husbandry The Danes also having been themselves beaten and conquered by him were very ready to engage to obedience peace and loyalty But the Saxons by their labours growing rich and the Danes retaining their former tyrannical and lazy dispositions began to oppress and dominere over the natives Edmund therefore after Mercia began to reduce Northumberland where remained the greatest number of them for Edward himself had suppressed those in East-Anglia and to reduce those Northern counties into the form of Provinces and committed Cumberland as a Feud to Malcolme King of Scotland His zeal for justice cost this heroical Prince his life For celebrating the festival of St. Austin and giving thanks for the Conversion of the nation he spied amongst the Guests one Leof a notable thief whom he had before banished The King's spirit was so moved against him that rising from the Table he seized upon him threw him to the ground and was about to do some violence unto him The Thief fearing what he had deserved with a short dagger which he concealed wounded the King mortally who died in a short time to the very great grief and affliction of his people The reverse is very imperfect but it may perhaps be Edward Moneta Theodford or rather Eadmund Martyr to whose Church he gave the Town called St. Edmund's-bury The thirtieth is Eadred who degenerated not in the least from his father King Edward or his brethren the precedent Kings He compleated the reduction and settlement of the North making Osulf the first Earl of it The Scots voluntarily submitted and swore Allegiance to him An. 955. in the fifth year of his reign and flower of his youth he sickned died and was exceedingly lamented of his subjects The thirty first is Eadwig son of K. Edmund who being come to age received the Kingdom so lovely a person that he was named the fair His actions are variously reported by Historians generally they accuse him of voluptuousness and neglect of his affairs insomuch that a great part of the North applied themselves to his Brother Edgar and set him up against Edwy who as is thought with sorrow sickned and died An. 958. Heriger on the reverse seems to have been Mint-master Tabula VII Nummi saxonici Page cxlvi The thirty third Eadgar son of King Edmund peaceably enjoyed the fruits of the labours and dangers of his predecessors A man admired by all both foreigners and natives for his great piety justice prudence and industry in governing the Kingdom Sine praelio omnia gubernavit prout ipse voluit The reverse is Leofsig Moneta Hamptonensis The thirty fourth is of Eadward son of King Edgar by Ethelfleda the fair called also Eneda Daughter of Duke Ordmear He is much commended for a virtuous well-disposed and hopeful Prince and such the small remainders of his History do truly represent him But by order of his Stepmother Alfritha to whom he was too obedient he was murthered to empty the Throne for her son Aethelred Edward was accounted a Saint and Martyr because of the many miracles said to be done at his Tomb which occasioned the
affectu divae pietatis inhaerens Ecclesiaeque juges amplificavit opes Melchisedech noster merito Rex atque Sacerdos Complevit verae religionis opus Publica jura regens celsa palatia servans Unica Pontificum gloria norma fuit Hinc abiens illinc meritorum fulget honore Hic quoque gestorum laude perennis erit The two fair tops that lofty Sion grace Cedars of Libanus that all surpass The world 's great lights and the two gates of heav'n Thunder from one from one is light'ning giv'n Among the blest Apostles they excel Peter in honour and in learning Paul One ope's mens hearts and one the starry sphere One guides to heav'n and one receives us there One's doctrine shew's our journey and one's keys One is the way and one the gate of bliss The builder one one the foundation laid By both a temple for kind heav'n is made England be glad and pay just thanks to Rome Eternal health to Glastenbury's come Against our foes two fortresses are shown That all the world the Faith 's great tow'rs shall own Blest Ina faithful servant of his God These lasting gifts upon his realm bestow'd Virtue and goodness all his thoughts possest The Church's old revenues he encreast Our great Melchisedech our prince and priest His equal care of piety and state To Crowns and Mitres an example set In heav'n his works their blest reward receive And here his worthy praise shall ever live In those early times several very devout persons serv'd God here and especially Irish who were maintain'd at the King's charge and instructed the youth in Religion and the liberal sciences For they made choice of a solitary life that they might prosecute their divine studies with more retiredness and inure themselves to a severe course of life to qualifie them for taking up the Cross But at length Dunstan a man of excellent wit and judgment after his reputation of sanctity and learning had given him access to the conversation of Princes instead of these brought in Monks of a newer Order namely Benedictines and was himself first made Abbot over that large body settl'd there and these by the bounty of good and pious Princes got so much wealth as even exceeded that of Kings After they had for about 600 years together as it were reign'd in great abundance for all their neighbours were at their beck they were driven out by Henry 8. and the Monastery which by degrees had grown into a little city 24 Environ'd with a large-wall a mile about and replenish'd with stately buildings demolish'd and laid level with the ground how large and how stately it has been may be gather'd from the ruines I shall be reckon'd among those in our age who are taken with every fable should I speak any thing of the Wallnut-tree 25 In the holy Church-yard here which never buds before the feast of S. Barnabas and on that very feast day shoots out leaves 26 But that is now gone and a young tree in the place or the †Corrâ— Hawthorn-tree 27 In Wirral-park hard by which buds on Christmas-day as if it were in May f and yet if any one may be trusted these things are affirm'd by several credible persons Before I leave this head take in short what Giraldus Cambrensis an eye-witness has deliver'd at large concerning Arthur's Grave in this Church-yard When Henry 2. King of England had learn'd from the songs of the British Bards The we like Artâ— that Arthur the most noble heroe of the Britains whose courage had so often shatter'd the Saxons was bury'd at Glassenbury between two Pyramids he order'd search to be made for the body and they had scarce digged seven foot deep but they light upon a * Cippus cross'd stone or a stone in the back-part whereof was fasten'd a rude leaden Cross something broad This being pull'd out appear'd to have an Inscription upon it and under it almost nine foot deep they found a Coffin made of hollow'd oak wherein were reposited the bones of the famous Arthur As to the Inscription which being taken from the original was formerly writ in the monastery of Glassenbury I thought it proper to give a draught of it because of the Antiquity of it's letters The letters have a sort of barbarous and Gothick appearance and are a plain evidence of the barbarity of the age which was so involv'd in a fatal sort of mist that no one was found to celebrate the name of K. Arthur A subject without all dispute worthy the parts and invention of the most learned who by praising so great a Prince might have procur'd to themselves the reputation of wit For that strong bulwark of the British government may justly reckon this amongst his greatest misfortunes that the age did not afford a Praecoâ—â—m Panegyrist equal to his Virtues But now take a view of the Cross and Inscription Nor will it be improper to subjoyn what our Countryman Josephus Iscanus no mean or ordinary poet has said of Arthur in his Antiocheis 28 Wherein he describ'd the wars of the Christians for recovery of the Holy land and was there present with King Richard 1. speaking of Britain Hinc celebri fato foelici claruit ortu Flos Regum Arthurus cujus cùm facta stupori Non micuere minùs totus quòd in aure voluptas Et populo plaudente favus Quemcunque priorum Inspice Pelaeum commendat fama tyrannum Pagina Caesareos loquitur Romana triumphos Alcidem domitis attollit gloria monstris Sed nec pinetum coryli nec sydera solem Aequant Annales Latios Graiósque revolve Prisca parem nescit aequalem postera nullum Exhibitura dies Reges supereminet omnes Solus praeteritis melior majórque futuris From this blest place immortal Arthur sprung Whose wondrous deeds shall be for ever sung Sweet musick to the ear sweet honey to the tongue Look back turn o're the great records of fame Proud Alexander boasts a mighty name The Roman Annals Caesar's actions load And conquer'd monsters rais'd Alcides to a god But neither shrubs above tall pines appear Nor Phoebus ever fears a rival star So would our Arthur in contest o'recome The mightiest heroes bred in Greece or Rome The only Prince that hears this just applause Greatest that e're shall be and best that ever was But this Heroe to observe it by the way out of Ninnius if it be worth our notice was call'd Mab-Uter i.e. a horrible son because from his childhood he was of a cruel temper and Arthur which signifies in British a horrible bear or an iron hammer to break the †Molae grinders of Lyons Take also if you please some other monuments of this place tho' not altogether so ancient being out of William of Malmsbury What is a mystery to all mankind I would willingly set down if the truth could only be hammer'd out i.e. what those Pyramids mean Pyramids at
Dukes of Somerset hath lately built a very noble and extraordinary pleasant Seat Within the town it self there is nothing worth seeing except a School founded there by J. Incent Dean of St. Pauls in London who was a native of this town More to the South lyeth Kings-Langley Kings-Langley heretofore a Seat of the Kings where Edmund of Langley son to Edward the third Duke of York was born and thence also named Here was a small Cell of Friers Praedicants in which that unhappy Prince Richard the second was first buried who was barbarously depriv'd both of his Kingdom and his Life but not long after his body was remov'd to Westminster and had a monument of brass bestow'd upon it to make amends for his Kingdom Just almost over-against this there lyeth also another Langley which because it did belong to the Abbots of St. Albans is call'd Abbots-Langley Abbots-Langley the place where Nicholas Breakspeare was born afterwards Pope by the name of Hadrian Pope Hadrian 4. the fourth who first preach'd the Christian faith to the people of Norway and quieted the tumults of the people of Rome at that time endeavouring to recover their ancient liberties Frederic the first Emperour of the Romans held this Pope's stirrup as he alighted from his horse and at last he lost his life by a fly that flew into his mouth and choaked him Lower I saw Watford Watford and Rickemanesworth Rickmansworth two Market-towns touching which we have no account until we find that King Offa bestowed them upon St. Alban as also he did Caishobery Caishobory that lyes next to Watford Watford At which place a house was begun by Sir Richard Morison a man of great learning and employed by Henry the 8th and Edward the 6th in several Embassies to the greatest Princes in Europe but he left it to his son 21 Sir Charles Charles to finish who made it a neat and curious Seat More toward the east the Roman military way pass'd in a direct line from London to Verulam over Hamsted-heath and so by Edgworth and Ellestre near which place at the very same distance that Antoninus in his Itinerary placeth the Sulloniacae Sulloniacae to wit twelve miles from London and nine from Verulam there remain yet some marks of an ancient station and there is much rubbish digg'd up upon a hill which is now call'd Brockley-hill o But when the Roman Empire in this land expir'd and barbarism by degrees got ground whilst the Saxon wars put all things in a perpetual hurry this great road as all other things lay quite neglected for a long time until a a little before the Norman Conquest Leofstan Abbot of St. Albans repaired and restor'd it For he as we read in his life caused the great woods all along from the edge of the †Ciltria Chiltern as far as London to be cut down especially upon the King's high-way commonly call'd Watlingstreet all high and broken grounds to be levell'd bridges to be built and the ways made even for the convenience of passengers But above 300 years ago this road was again in part deserted by reason that another road was laid open thro' Highgate and Barnet by licence from the Bishop of London Barnet begins now a-days to be an eminent market for cattel but was much more so for a great battel fought there in those furious wars between the two houses of York and Lancaster in which wars England suffer'd whatever aspiring Treachery durst attempt For at d This Gledsmore is in the County of Middlesex tho' Barnet it self be in this and the battel from it commonly call'd Barnet-field Gledsmore hard by the two parties upon an Easter-day had a sharp encounter anâ— for a long time by reason of a thick Fog fought with dubious success But at last King Edw. 4. happily gained the Victory and Richard Nevill Earl of Warwick was there slain a man whom as the smiles of Fortune had render'd strangely insolent and a particular enemy to crown'd heads so by his death he freed England from those apprehensions of continu'd civil wars they had long labour'd under p 22 Barnet hath for his neighbours Mimmes a seat of the worshipful family of the Coningsbies descended to them by Frowick from the Knolles ancient possessors thereof and North-hall where Ambrose Dudley last Earl of Warwick rais'd a stately house from the Foundations Earls of Hertford This County of Hertford had Earls that were of the family of Clare and therefore more commonly were call'd Earls of Clare from Clare their principal seat in the County of Suffolk The first that I have met with was Gilbert who writes himself Earl of Hertford as a witness to a Charter of King Stephen Likewise Roger de Clare in the Red-book in the Exchequer bears the title of Earl of Hertford in the reign of Henry 2. as also his successors See the E◠〈…〉 G◠〈…〉 and iâ— Sâ—folk whom you may see in their proper places But when this family by right of inheritance as well as by their Prince's favour came to be also Earls of Glocester they bore joyntly the two titles and were summoned to Parliament by the name of Earls of Glocester and Hertford And accordingly Richard de Clare who died An. Dom. 1262. is by Matthew of Westminster expresly called Earl of Glocester and Hertford upon the recital of this his Epitaph Hic pudor Hippoliti Paridis gena sensus Ulyssis Aeneae pietas Hectoris ira jacet Here Hector 's rage Ulysses wisdom lays Hippolitus his blush and Paris face But within the memory of our fathers K. Hen. 8. honoured 23 Sir Edward Edward de St. Maur or Seymor with the title of Earl of Hertford who was afterward created also Duke of Somerset 24 By King Edward 6. to whom succeeded in this Earldom his son of the same name a person of great honour and a true friend to learning This County hath in it 120 Parishes ADDITIONS to HERTFORDSHIRE THE County of Hertford as to Vicountile Jurisdiction both before and long after the time of Edward 3. was annex'd to Essex and one Sheriff supply'd both Counties as did also one Escheator * Nord p. 5. The Justices for the greater ease both of themselves and the common people have by consent divided the whole Shire into three parts or divisions and accordingly have three several Courts for determination of lesser matters the more considerable being referr'd to the general meeting at Hertford a Notwithstanding what our Author has affirm'd of it's corn-ground pastures and meadows those who have made particular enquiries into the affairs of this County rather refer it's flourishing condition partly to the many thorow-fares to and from London which has been the cause of the improvement of their towns and partly to the healthfulness of the air which has induc'd several of the Gentry to settle in this County and given occasion to this saying
de Scremby At last the King gave it to 6 Sir Henry Henry de Bellomonte for nothing is more clear than that he enjoy'd it in Edward the second 's reign 〈◊〉 4. E. 2. â—ckingâ—m Near this is Skrekingham remarkable for the death of Alfric the second Earl of Leicester kill'd by Hubba the Dane Which place 't is very probable Ingulphus speaks of when he writes In Kesteven three Danish petty Kings were slain and they interr'd them in a certain village heretofore call'd Laundon but now Tre-king-ham by reason of the burial of the three Kings More to the east is Hather famous for nothing but the name of the Busseys or Busleys â—â—fy who live here and derive themselves from Roger de Busley cotemporary with the Conquerour â—â—xd And then Sleford a castle of the Bishops of Lincoln erected by Alexander the Bishop where also 7 Sir John John Hussy 〈◊〉 â—â—ly the first and last Baron of that name 8 Created by King Henry 8. built himself a house but lost his head for rashly engaging in the common insurrection in the year 1537 when the feuds and difference about Religion first broke out in England A few miles from hence stands Kime â—me from whence a noble family call'd de Kime had their name but the Umfranvils three of whom were summon'd to sit in the house of Lords by the name of Earls of Angus in Scotland â—s of â—gus became at last possessors of it The sages of the Common Law would not allow the first of these forasmuch as Angus was not within the bounds of the Kingdom of England to be an Earl before he produc'd in open Court the King 's Writ by which he was summon'd to Parliament under the title of Earl of Angus From the Umfravils this came to the Talbois one of which family nam'd Gilbert was by Henry the eighth created Baron of Talbois whose two sons died without issue so that the inheritance went by females to the family of the Dimocks Inglebies and others More to the west stands Temple Bruer â—mple â—er that is as I take it Temple in the Heath it seems to have been a Preceptory of the Templars for there are to be seen the ruinous walls of a demolish'd Church not unlike those of the New Temple in London Near it is Blankeney â—ons â—ncourt once the Barony of the Deincourts who flourish'd in a continu'd succession from the coming in of the Normans to the times of Henry 6. for then their heir male fail'd in one William whose two sisters and heirs were married the one to 9 Sir William William Lovel the other to Ralph Cromwell I have the more readily taken notice of this family because I would willingly answer the request of Edmund Baron Deincourt who was long since so very desirous to preserve the memory of his name having no issue male he petition'd K. Ed. 2. for liberty To make over his Manours and Arms to whomsoever he pleas'd â— 21 H. 6. â— 10 â—w 2. for he imagin'd that both his name and Arms would go to the grave with him and was very sollicitous they should survive and be remembred Accordingly the King complied and he had Letters Patents for that end Yet this sirname so far as my knowledge goes is now quite extinct and would have been drown'd in oblivion if books and learning had not sav'd it In the west part of Kesteven where this County borders on Leicestershire on a very steep and as it seems â—voir or â—erâ—le artificial hill stands Belvoir or Beauvoir-Castle so call'd whatever the name was formerly from its pleasant prospect which with the little Monastery adjoyning was built as 't is given out by Todeneius a Norman from whom by the Albenies Britans and by the Roos's Barons it came to be the inheritance of the Manours Earls of Rutland by the first of whom nam'd Thomas it was as I have heard rebuilt after it had laid in ruins many years For William Lord Hastings in spight to Thomas Lord Roos who sided with Henry 6. almost demolish'd it and upon the attainder of Baron Roos had it granted him by Edward 4. with very large possessions But Edmund Baron Roos the son of Thomas by the bounty of Henry 7. regain'd this his ancestors inheritance o About this castle are found the stones call'd Astroites Astroites which resemble little stars link'd one with another having five rays in every corner and in the middle of every ray a hollow This stone among the Germans had its name from Victory for they think as Georgius Agricola writes in his sixth book of Minerals That whosoever carries this stone about him shall be successful against his enemies But I have not yet had an opportunity to make the experiment whether this stone of ours when put in vinegar will move out of its place and whirl round like that in Germany The Vale beneath this castle commonly call'd from it The Vale of Belver The Vale of Belver is pretty large and exceeding pleasant by reason of the corn-fields and pastures there It lies part in Nottinghamshire part in Leicestershire and part in Lincolnshire If not in this very place yet for certain very near it †See the Additions to Rutlandshire under the title Market-Overton where 't is more conveniently plac'd stood formerly that Margidunum Margidunum which Antoninus makes mention of next to Vernometum and this may sufficiently be prov'd both by its name and distance from Vernometum and the Town Ad Pontem otherwise Paunton for Antoninus places it between them It seems to have taken this ancient name from Marga and the situation of it For Marga among the Britains is a sort of earth with which they manure their grounds and Dunum which signifies a hill is applicable only to high places But I do for all that very much question this etymology seeing there is very little Marle in this place the not searching for it being perhaps the reason except the Britains by the name of Marga understand ‖ Gypsum Plaister-stone which is as I am inform'd dug up not far from hence and was as Pliny declares in his natural history in great request among the Romans who used it in their Plaisterings and * Sigillis Cielings Thro' this part of the Shire runs Witham Riv. Witham a little river but very full of Pikes and the northern parts are bounded by it It s spring head is at a little town of the same name Bitham not far from the ruins of Bitham-Castle which as we find in an old pedigree was by William the first given to Stephen Earl of Albemarle and Holderness to enable him to feed his son as yet a little infant with fine white bread for at that time nought was eaten in Holderness but oat-bread altho' 't is now very little used there This castle nevertheless in the reign of Edward 3. was when
was in times past exceeding strong Which being surprized by the English while King James 2. of Scotland was besieging it he was untimely slain in the flower of his youth by a piece of Cannon that casually burst He was a Prince much missed and lamented by his Subjects Notwithstanding this the Castle was surrender'd and being mostly demolished is now scarce to be seen But the adjacent Territory called from it the Sheriffdom of Roxborough â—â—â—â—â—ffâ—â—â—e of â—â—â—boâ—â—â—gh â—â—â—editaâ—â—â—heriffs hath an hereditary Sheriff of the family of Douglass who is usually called the Sheriff of Teviotdale And now f It is now an Earldom belonging to the same Family Roxborough by the favour of King James 6. is also a Barony in the person of Robert Kerr Kerr of the house of the Kerrs a very noble and numerous family in this tract from which are descended the Fernhersts and others who being educated in the school of Arms have render'd themselves very illustrious Twede Twedale aforesaid runs through the middle of a Valley or Dale that takes its name from it abounding in sheep whose wool is very valuable This is certainly a Noble River which having its source amongst the hills more inwardly Westward and running as it were with a streight Channel by Drimlar-Castle by Peeblis Peeblis a Market-Town * See more in the Additions which hath for its Sheriff Baron Zester as also g This town is a burgh-Royal has a weekly market and several â—airs is the head burgh of the shire and the seat of the Sheriff and Commissary-Courts Selkirk Selkirk †See more in the Additions hard by which hath one out of the family of Murray of Fallo-hill it receives the little River Lauder upon which appears h Here the late Duke of Lauderdale has built a well-contriv'd handsom Church consisting of four Isles with a large Steeple rising in the middâ—e Lauder together with Thirlestan Here Sir John Maitland not long since Chancellor of Scotland for his singular prudence created by K. James the 6. Baron of Thirlestan Baron of Thirlestan hath a very beautiful seat i The said Duke has adorned it with avenues pavillions out-Courts and other beauties requir'd to the making of a compleat Seat Then being increased by the accession of the River Teviot beneath Roxburgh it watereth the Sheriffdom of Berwick which is most of it the Estate of the Humes wherein the Head of that Family exerciseth now the Jurisdiction of a Sheriff and then running under Berwick the best fortified Town of Britain whereof I have already spoken with a prodigious plenty of Salmon it emptieth it self into the Sea b MERCHIA MERCH or MERS MErch which is next and so named because it is a March-Countrey lieth wholly upon the German Ocean Here k It was demolished by the English in the late War Hume Castle first presents it self the ancient possession of the Lords of Home or Hume who being descended from the Earls of Merch have spread themselves into a numerous and noble family Of which Alexander Hume who was before Primier Baron of Scotland and Sheriff of Berwick was lately advanced by James King of Great Britain to the Title of Earl of Hume Earl Hume Not far off under this Castle lieth l It is a burgh of Barony and a large beautiful Town Kelso Kelso formerly famous for a Monastery founded by King David the first among thirteen more for the propagation of God's glory but to the great impairing of the Crown Lands Thence we have a prospect of Coldingham Coldingham called by Bede Coldana and Coludi urbs perhaps the Colania Colania of Ptolemy consecrated many Ages since to professed Nuns whose Chastity is recorded in ancient Writings for their cutting off together with Ebba their Prioress their Noses and Lips chusing to secure their Virginity from the Danes rather than preserve their Beauty but they notwithstanding burnt them together with their Monastery Hard by is Fastcastle belonging to the Humes so called from its strength near the same St. Ebbe's Promontory who being the Daughter of Edelfrid King of Northumberland when her Father was taken Prisoner seized upon a Boat in the Humber and passing along the tempestuous Ocean landed in safety here became famous for her sanctity and left her name to the place But Merch is much more celebrated in History for its Earls Earls of Merch. than places who were highly commended for their Martial Courage They were descendants of Gospatrick Earl of Northumberland who after his being driven out of his Countrey by William the Conqueror was entertained by Malcolm Conmer that is great-Great-head King of Scotland and honoured by him with Dunbar-Castle and the Earldom of Merch. His Posterity besides very large possessions in Scotland held as appears by an old Inquisition the Barony of Bengeley in Northumberland that they should be Inborrow and Utborrow between England and Scotland What the meaning should be of these terms let others guess what my conjecture is I have said already But in the reign of King James the first George of Dunbar the Earl of Merch by authority of Parliament upon the account of his Father's Rebellion lost the propriety and possession of the Earldom of Merch and the Seigniory of Dunbar And when he proved by good Evidence that his Father had been pardoned that fault by the Regents of the Kingdom he was answered that it was not in the Regents power to pardon an offence against the State and that it was provided by the Laws that the Father's transgression should succeed to the Children to the end that being Heirs to their Father's Rashness as well as Estate they should not at any time out of a vain opinion of power plot against their Prince and Country The Title of Earl of Merch was afterwards amongst other Honourable Titles conferr'd on Alexander Duke of Albany And in our memory this title of honour was reviv'd in Robert the 3. Brother of Matthew Earl of Lenox who being of Bishop of Cathness made Earl of Lenox soon after resigned up that Title to his Nephew created Duke of Lenox and received of the King by way of recompence the name and stile of Earl of Merch c LAVDEN or LOTHIEN LOTHIEN also called Lauden Lauden and anciently from the Picts Pictland shoots out along from Merch as far as the Scottish Sea or the Frith having many hills and little woods but for its excellent Corn-lands and civility is commended above any County in Scotland About the Year of our Lord 873. Edgar King of England between whom and Keneth the third King of Scotland there was a strict alliance against the Danes the Common Enemy resigned up his right in this Lothian unto him as Matthew Florilegus asserts and to tie his heart the closer to him He bestowed upon him moreover many Lodges in the way wherein both he and his Successors in their coming to the Kings
from the Church as a Feudatory and Vicegerent and obliged his Successors to pay three hundred Marks to the Bishop of that See Yet the most eminent 1 Sir Thomas Hol. Thomas Moor who sacrificed his life to the Pope's Prerogative denies this to be true For he says the Romanists can shew no grant and that they have never demanded the said money nor the Kings of England acknowledged it However with submission to this great man the thing is really otherwise as most clearly appears from the Parliament-Rolls which are evidence incontestable For in a Parliament in Edward the third's Reign the Chancellor of England informs the House That the Pope intended to cite the King of England to a tryal at Rome as well for homage as for the tribute due and payable from England and Ireland and to which King John had bound both himself and his Successors and desired their opinion in it The Bishops required a day to consider of this matter apart as likewise did the Lords and Commons The next day they met again and unanimously voted and declared that forasmuch as neither King John nor any other King whatsoever could put the Kingdom under such a servitude but by the consent and agreement of a Parliament which was never had and farther that since whatsoever he had done in that kind was directly contrary to the Oath which he solemnly took before God at his Coronation if the Pope would insist upon it they were resolved to oppose him with their lives and fortunes to the very utmost of their power Such also as were learned in the law made the Charter of King John to be void and insignificant by that clause of reservation in the end saving to us and our heirs all our rights liberties and regalities But this is out of my road From King John's time the Kings of England were stiled Lords of Ireland till within the memory of our fathers Henry the eighth was declared King of Ireland by the States of that Realm assembled in Parliament the title of Lord seeming not so sacred and venerable to some seditious persons as that of King In the year 1555 when Queen Mary offered the subjection of the Kingdom of England by the hands of her Ambassadors to Pope Paul the fourth this name and title of Kingdom of Ireland was confirmed by the Pope in these word To the praise and glory of Almighty God and his most glorious mother the Virgin Mary to the honour of the whole Court of Heaven and the exaltation of the Catholick Faith We at the humble request of King Philip and Queen Mary made unto us by the advice of our brethren and by virtue of our full Apostolical authority do erect the Kingdom of Ireland and do for ever dignifie and exalt it with the title honours powers rights ensigns prerogatives preferments Royal praeeminencies and such like privileges as other Christian Realms have use and enjoy or may have use and enjoy hereafter Having accidentally found a Catalogue of those English Noble men who went in the first invasion of Ireland and with great valor subdued it to the Crown of England lest I should seem to envy them and their posterity the glory of this atchievment I will here give you them from the Chancery of Ireland for so 't is entitled The Names of such as came with Dermic Mac Morrog into Ireland Richard Strongbow Earl of Pembroke who by Eve the daughter of Morrog the Irish petty King aforesaid had an only daughter who brought to William Mareschall the title of Earl of Pembroke with a fair estate in Ireland and had issue five sons who in order succeeded one another all childless and as many daughters who enriched their husbands Hugh Bigod Earl of Norfolk Guarin Montchensey Gilbert Clare Earl of Glocester William Ferrars Earl of Derby and William Breose with children honours and possessions Robert Fitz-Stephens Harvey de Mont Marish Maurice Prendergest Robert Barr. Meiler Meilerine Maurice Fitz-Girald Redmund nephew to Stephen William Ferrand Miles de Cogan Richard de Cogan Gualter de Ridensford Gualter sons of Maurice Girald Alexander sons of Maurice Girald William Notte Robert Fitz-Bernard Hugh de Lacy. William Fitz-Aldelm William Macarell Hunfrey Bohun Hugh de Gundevill Philip de Hasting Hugh Tirell David Walsh Robert Poer Osbert de Harloter William de Bendenge Adam de Gernez Philip de Breos Griffin Nephew of Stephen Ralph Fitz-Stephen Walter de Barry Philip Walsh Adam de Hereford To whom out of Giraldus Cambrensis may be added John de Curcy Hugh Contilon Redmond Cantimore Edmond Fitz-Hugh Miles of St. Davids and others The Government of the Kingdom of IRELAND SInce Ireland has been subject to the Crown of England the Kings of this Realm have ever sent their Vice-Roys to manage the publick affairs there who at first in their Letters Patents or Commissions Loâ—d Depâ—â—ies of â—â—â—â—and were stilled Keepers of Ireland after that Justices of Ireland or at pleasure Lieutenants and Deputies Their jurisdiction and authority is really large and Royal they make war and peace have power to fill all Magistracies and other Offices except some very few to pardon all crimes but those of high treason and to confer Knighthood c. These Letters Patents when any one enters upon this honourable office are publickly read and after the new Deputy has took a solemn oath of a certain set form for that purpose before the Chancellor the sword which is to be carried before him is delivered into his hands and he is seated in a Chair of state attended by the Chancellor of the Realm the Members of the Privy-Council the Peers and Nobles of the Kingdom the King at Arms a Serjeant at Arms and other Officers of State So that whether we consider his jurisdiction and authority or his train attendance and splendor there is certainly no Vice-roy in Christendom that comes nearer the grandeur and majesty of a King His Council are the Chancellor of the Realm the Treasurer and such others of the Earls Barons and Judges as are of the Privy-Council Orders or degrees iâ— Ireland For Ireland has the same orders and degrees of honour that England has Earls Barons Knights Esquires c. The Courts or Tribunals of IRELAND THE supream Court in Ireland is the Parliament which Parliament at the pleasure of the King of England is either called or dissolved by his Deputy â—as an 〈◊〉 12. and yet in Edward the second 's time it was enacted That Parliaments should be held in Ireland every year 2 Which seemeth yet not to have been effected Here are likewise observed foure Law-terms in the year as in England and five Courts of Justice held 〈◊〉 the a The Court was called The Court of Castle-chamber because it was usually kept in the Castle of Dublin but has never been held since the Court of Star-Chamber was supprest in England Star-Chamber the Chancery King's-Bench Common Pleas and the Exchequer Here are
petty Kings or Princes therein The possession of this Island did without any interruption continue in the name and family of the Stanleys for 246 years the Grant thereof together with the Patronage of the Bishoprick having been given by Henry the fourth by Letters Patents to Sir John Stanley and his Heirs in the year 1403. And during our late Civil Wars in the year 1649. the Lord Fairfax Captain General of the Parliament's Forces obtained a Grant of the said Island from the Parliament of England the then Earl of Derby's estate being confiscate for bearing Arms for the King against the Parliament and himself beheaded at Bolton But it was afterwards restored to the Family of Derby who are the present Lords of that Island The supream and principal Officers in this Island The prinâ—â—pal Officers in the â—â—and are only five in number and they constitute the Lord's Privy Council They are the Governour of the Island the two Deemsters the Controller and the Receiver General They all of them hold their Offices durante bene placito and are obliged to be constantly resident in Castletown that they may be ready to advise and consult with the Lord upon any emergent occasion The Governour has the whole command of the Island under the Lord. The Deemsters are their Judges both in civil and criminal Cases They are always chosen out of the Natives by the Lord it being necessary they should understand and speak the Manks Language that they may give sentences in Courts and understand the Pleadings of the Plaintiffs and Defendants before them They are only two in number and divide the Island betwixt them the one having jurisdiction over the North part the other over the South The Controller's Office is to call the Receiver General to an account once every Quarter he is also Clerk of the Rolls and has the Pension belonging thereto The Receiver General is by his place to receive all the Rents due to the Lord of the Island from the inferiour Collectors To these are subordinate some other Officers The subordinate Officers as the 24 Keys of the Island a Water-Bailiff the Lord's Attorney-General the Coroners and the Moors The Water-Bailiff is as it were Admiral of the Island his office is to seize on all wrecks at sea for the Lord's use and to take care of all business relating to the Herring-Fishing The Attorney-General is to plead all the Causes in which the Lord of the Island is concerned and all the Causes of Widows and Infants The Keys of the Island are so called because they are to lay open and discover the true antient Laws and Customs of the Island They are chosen by the Lord himself out of the natives and though they together with the Deemsters hold their Offices but durante bene-placito yet are they seldom turned out during their lives They are always assisting to the Deemsters in the determining of Cases of great difficulty and from the Sentence of these there is commonly no Appeal No new Law can be made or Custom introduced or abolished but by the consent of the Deemsters and the 24 Keys of the Island These Keys write down all the Customs and Statutes of the Island for the help of their memory that thoy may be the better enabled to give Sentence when called to consult of any of these matters As to the number of the Keys Mr. Camden has been misinformed for he says they are only 12. whereas they are 24 in number 'T is true that since the time of the antient Orrys they have not been constantly this number that depending on the pleasure of the Lord of the Island but there is no ground to believe they were ever so few as twelve and they have been for the most part 24. The Coroners or Crowners in Man who in the Manks language are called Annos are the same as our Sheriff's in England and each of them has under him another Officer who is as it were Under-Sheriff and is called a Lockman The number of the Coroners is according to the number of the Sheedings which are six every Sheeding hath its Coroner The Moors are the Lord's Bailiffs to gather up his Rents in that Sheeding where they reside and to pay the same to the Receiver General It is customary in this Island Some peculiar customs of this Island and that from all antiquity that some of the Clergy be present and assist at the Court of Gaol-delivery the Bishop himself being present there when in the Island The Evidence against Delinquents is first to be taken by spiritual Officers and by them testified to the temporal Court But they are obliged to remove when any Sentence of death is to be pronounced No person guilty of Man-slaughter is allowed the Benefit of Clergy nor can be saved but by the Lord of the Island 's Pardon No Execution of any Malefactor is to be in the Passion-week No Merchant can transport money out of the Island without Licence neither without Licence can any Native go out of the Island If any one do force or ravish a woman if she be married he is to suffer death but if a maid or single-woman the Deemster gives her a Rope a Sword and a Ring and she has it put in her choice either to hang him with the rope or to cut off his head with the sword or to marry him with the ring In former times Women-Malefactors were to be put in a sack and sowed up and so flung from a rock into the sea as Mr. Camden says but now the women are hanged as the men only Witches are burnt If any man have a child by a woman and within two years after marries the woman the child is legitimated by the customary Laws If a woman bring forth a dead child the child is not to be buried in the Church-yard except the Mother take her oath that she has received the Sacrament since the quickening of the child All the Swine of what age soever belonging to Felons are the Lord's and all their Goats do belong to the Queen of Man No Act of Parliament made in England doth bind the King's Subjects in the Isle of Man unless the said Island be therein expresly named The Isle of Man being within the Fee of the King of England the Manksmen are adjudged to be the King 's natural Subjects born and are capable of inheriting Lands in England Thâ—ir Relig on The Religion professed in this Island is exactly the same with the Church of England The Manksmen are generally very respectful to their Clergy and pay their Tithes without the least grudging They own St. Patrick for their Apostle and hold him in greatest veneration Next to him they honour the memory of St. Maughald one of their Bishops whose Feast they never fail to celebrate twice a year The Bible was translated into the Manks tongue by Dr. Philips Bishop of Man but by reason of his death it never came to the Press so
and many Christians cut off MCLXXXVII On the Kalends or first of July the Abby of Ynes in Ulster was founded MCLXXXIX Henry Fitz Empress departed this life was succeeded by his son Richard and buried in Font Evrard This same year was founded the Abby De Colle Victoriae i.e. Cnokmoy MCXC. King Richard and King Philip made a Voyage to the Holy Land MCXCI. In the Monastery of Clareval the translation of Malachy Bishop of Armagh was celebrated with great solemnity MCXCII The City of Dublin was burnt MCXCIII Richard King of England in his return from the Holy Land was taken Prisoner by the Duke of Austria and paid to the Emperor 100000 Marks for Ransom besides 30000 to the Empress and 20000 to the Duke upon an Obligation he had made to them for Henry Duke of Saxony He was detain'd in Prison by the Emperor a year six months and three days all the Chalices in a manner throughout England were sold to raise this Sum. This year was founded the Abby De Jugo Dei. MCXCIV The Reliques of S. Malachy Bishop of Clareval were brought into Ireland and receiv'd with great honour into the Monastery of Millifont and other Monasteries of the Cistercians MCXCV. Matthew Archbishop of Cassil Legat of Ireland and John Archbishop of Dublin got the Corps of Hugh Lacy that conquered Meth from the Irish and interr'd them with great solemnity in the Monastery of Blessedness or Becty but the Head of the said Hugh was laid in S. Thomas 's Monastery in Dublin MCXCVIII The Order of the Friers Predicants was begun about Tolouse founded by Dominick II. MCXCIX Died Richard King of England succeeded by his Brother John who was Lord of Ireland and Earl of Moriton Arthur the lawful Heir Son of Geffrey his whole Brother was slain by him The death of Richard was after this manner When King Richard besieg'd the Castle of Chaluz in Little Bretagn he receiv'd his mortal Wound by an Arrow shot at him by one of those in the Castle nam'd Bertram de Gourdon As soon as the King found there was no hopes of Life he committed his Kingdom of England and all his other Possessions to the Custody of his Brother All his Jewels and the fourth part of his Treasure he bequeath'd to his Nephew Otho Another fourth part of his Treasure he left to be distributed among his Servants and the poor People When Bertram was taken and brought before the King he ask'd him for what harm he had kill'd him Bertram without any fear told him That he had kill'd his Father and two of his Brethren with his own Hand and then intended to do the same with him That he might take what Revenge he pleas'd but he should not care since he was to die too that had done so much mischief in the World Notwithstanding the King pardon'd him and order'd him to be set at liberty and to have a 100 Shillings Sterling given him Yet after the King's death some of the King's Officers flea'd him and hung him up The King died on the eighteenth of the Ides of April which happen'd to be the fourth * Feria day before Palm-sunday and the eleventh day after he was wounded He was buried at Font Eberard at the feet of his Father A certain Versificator writ this Distich upon his death Istius in morte perimit Formica Leonem Proh dolor in tanto funere mundus obit An Ant a Lyon slew when Richard fell And his must be the World 's great Funeral His Corps were divided into three Parts Whence this of another Viscera Carceolum Corpus Fons servat Ebrardi Et cor Rothomagum magne Richarde tuum Great Richard's Body 's at Fontevrault shown His Bowels at Chalons his Head at Roan After the death of King Richard his Brother John was begirt by the Archbishop of Roan with the Sword of the Dukedom of Normandy upon the 7th of the Kalends of May next following The Archbishop also set a Crown adorn'd with golden Roses upon his Head Afterwards upon the 6th of the Kalends of June he was anointed and crown'd King of England in S. Peter's Church Westminster upon Ascension-day attended with all the Nobility of England Afterwards he was summon'd to Parliament in France to answer for the death of his Nephew Arthur and depriv'd of Normandy because he came not accordingly This same Year was founded the Abby of Commerer MCC Cathol Cronerg King of Conaught founder of the Abby De Colle Victoriae was expell'd Conaught This year the Monastery De Voto was founded that is to say Tyntern Monastery by William Marshall Earl Marshal and Pembroch who was Lord of Leinster viz. of Wrisford Ossory Caterlagh and Kildare in right of his Wife who married the daughter of Richard Earl of Stroghul and of Eve the daughter of Dermic Murcard This William Earl Marshal being in great danger of Shipwreck a night and a day made a Vow That if he escap'd and came to Land he would found a Monastery and dedicate it to Christ and his Mother Mary So as soon as he arriv'd at Weysford he founded this Monastery of Tynterne according to his Vow and it is nam'd De Voto This year also was founded the Monastery de Flumine Dei MCCII. Cathol Cronirg or Crorobdyr King of Conaught was restor'd to his Kingdom The same year was founded the house of Canons of S. Marie of Connal by Sir Meiler Fitz-Henry MCCIII The Abby of S. Saviour i.e. Dawisky which was before founded was this Year and the next following finish'd MCCIV. A Battle was fought between John Courcy first Earl of Ulster and Hugh Lacie at Doune with great slaughter on both sides Yet John Curcy had the Victory Afterwards upon the 6th day of the Week being Good Friday as the said John was unarm'd and going in Pilgrimage barefoot and in a linnen Vestment to the Churches after the common manner he was treacherously taken Prisoner by his own People for a sum of Mony part in hand and part promis'd to be paid afterwards and so he was deliver'd to Hugh Lacy who brought him to the King of England and receiv'd the Earldom of Ulster and the Seigniory of Connaught upon that account both belonging to John Curcy Hugh Lacy now being made Earl rewarded the said Traytors with Gold and Silver some more some less but hung them up as soon as he had done and took away all their Goods by these means Hugh Lacy ruleth in Ulster and John Curcie is condemn'd to perpetual Imprisonment for his former Rebellion against King John refusing to do him homage and accusing him for the death of Arthur the lawful and right Heir to the Crown While the Earl was in Prison and in great Poverty having but a small allowance of Provisions and the same mean and course he expostulated with God why he dealt thus with him who had built and repair'd so many Monasteries for him and his Saints After many Expostulations of this kind he fell asleep and the Holy
Sullonac Sulloniacim m. p. xi Sullomac 9.  Londinium m. p. xii Longidin  Noviomagum m. p. x.   Vagniacim m. p. xviii  Duroprovis Durobrivim m. p. ix Duro-brov * 16. Durolevum m. p. * xiii  Durorvern Durovernum m. p. xii   Ad Portum Ritupas m. p. x.  ITER III. Editio Aldina Suritana Simleriana  Iter à Londinio ad  XIIII Portum Dubrim   m. p. lxvi sic  †Dubobrus †Durobrivim m. p. xxvii †Dubobrus * Durarvenno 15. * Durovernum m. p. xxv * Durarvenno 15.  Ad Portum Dubris m. p. xiv  ITER IV. Editio Aldina Suritana Simleriana  Iter à Londinio ad   Portum Lemanis   m. p. lxviii sic   Durobrivim m. p. xxvii Durobrius Durarvenno 15. Durovernum m. p. xxv Durarvenno 15.  Ad Pontem Lemanis m. p. xvi  ITER V. Editio Aldina Suritana Simleriana  Iter à Londinio lv  Leguvallio Guvallum ad Vallum   m. p. ccccxliii sic   Caesaromagum m. p. xxviii   Coloniam m. p. xxiv   Villam Faustini m. p. xxxv 25.  Icianos m. p. xviii   Camboricum m. p. xxxv   Durolipontem m. p. xxv   Durobrivas m. p. xxxv  Causennis Causennim m. p. xxx Gausennis  Lindum m. p. xxvi   Segelosim m. p. xiv   Danum m. p. xxi  Legeolio Legeolium m. p. xvi Legeolio Ebur Eboracum m. p. xxi Ebur  Isubrigantum m. p. xvii 16.  Cataractonem xxiv  Levat Lavatrim m. p. xviii Levat 14. Verterim m. p. xiii 14. Brocovo Brocavum m. p. xx Brocovo Luguvalio Luguvallum m. p. xxii Luguvallo ITER VI. Editio Aldina Suritana Simleriana  Iter à Londinio   Lindum m. p. clvi sic  Verolani Verolamum m. p. xxi Verolami Durocobrius Durocobrium m. p. xii Duro-Cobrius  Magiovinium m. p. xii   Lactodorum m. p. xvi   Isannavatia m. p. xii Isannavantia Isannavaria  Tripontium m. p. xii Venonis Vennonim m. p. ix Venonis Ratas Ratis m. p. 12. Ratas  Verometum m. p. xiii  12. Margidunum m. p. xiii Margindun 12. Ad Pontum Ad Pontem m. p. vii  Croco-Cal Crococalanum m. p. vii Crorolana  Lindum m. p. 12.  ITER VII Editio Aldina Suritana Simleriana  Iter à Regno   Londinium  * cxv m. p. xcvi sic * cxvi 96.  Clausentum m. p. xx   Ventam Belgarum m. p. x.  Gelleu Callevam Atrebatum m. p. xxii Gall.  Pontes m. p. xxii   Londinium m. p. xxii  ITER VIII Editio Aldina Suritana Simleriana Eburaco Iter ab Eboraco Ebur  Londinium   m. p. ccxxvii sic   Lagecium m. p. xxi   Danum m. p. xvi   Agelocum m. p. xxi   Lindum m. p. xiv  Corocalana Crococalanum m. p. xiv  * Deest in Ald. Cod. haec Mansio * Margidunum m. p. xiv  Vernametto Vernemetum m. p. xii   Ratis m. p. xii   Vennonim m. p. xii  xix Bannavantum m. p. xviii xix Magio Vin. Magiovinum m. p. xxviii Magio-Vin  Durocobrivim m. p. xii Durocobrius  Verolamum m. p. xii   Londinium m. p. xxi  ITER IX Editio Aldina Suritana Simleriana * Icinorum Iter à Venta * Icenorum Londinium Icin  m. p. cxxviii sic  xxxi Sitomagum m. p. xxxii xxxi Combret Cambretovium m. p. xxii Comb.  Ad Ansam m. p. xv  Camolodun Camulodunum m. p. vi Camolod  Canonium m. p. ix   Caesaromagum m. p. xii   Durolitum m. p. xvi   Londinium m. p. xv  ITER X. Editio Aldina Suritana Simleriana  Iter à Clanoventa Mediolanum   cl sic   Galavam m. p. xviii   Alonem m. p. xii   Galacum m. p. xix   Bremetonacim m. p. xxvii   Coccium m. p. xx  * xviii Mancunium m. p. * xvii * xviii  Condate m. p. xviii  * xix Mediolanum m. p. * xviii * xix ITER XI Editio Aldina Suritana Simleriana  A Segontio   Devam m. p.   lxxxiii sic   Conovio m. p. xxiv   Varis m. p. xix   Deva m. p. xxxii  ITER XII Editio Aldina Suritana Simleriana  Iter à †Mariduno †Studâ—i exemplari à Caleva per Muridunum Viroconiumâ— atque ita rectius legitur nam Muridunum vel Moridunum in medio hoc itinere ponitur Josias Simlerus Viroconiorum Viroconium Viroconiorum  m. p. clxxxvi sic Muridon Mariduno m. p. xxxvi  Leucarum m. p. xv  * Nidum m. p. xv  * Bomium m. p. xv   * Transpositae sunt hae duae Stationes apud Harrisonum Isceleia Augusta * Iscam Leg. ii Aug. m. p. xxvii Iscelegua Aug. 28.  Burrium m. p. ix * Iscelegu Augusti vel Iscelegia Augusti emendo ex Ptol. Iscaleg II. Augusta Ponit enim Ptol. propè Iscamleg II. sic tamen ut amborum loca semisse unius gradus longitudinis distent quadrante quo ad latitudinem quae distantiam faciunt circiter XXXV M. P. hic tamen major ponitur distantia inter Iscam Dumnoniorum Leg. II. Aug. Josias Simlerus  Gobannium m. p. xii Magnis Magmim m. p. xxii Magnis  Bravonium m. p. xxiv Bravinio  Viroconium m. p. xxvii Viricon ITER XIII Editio Aldina Suritana Simleriana  Iter ab Isca   Callevam m. p.   cix sic   Burrium m. p. ix  In locum istum Gobannium restituit Guilielmus Fulco  Blestium m. p. xi   Ariconium m. p. xi   Clevum m. p. xv   Durocornovium m. p. xiv   Spinas m. p. xv   Callevam m. p. xv  ITER XIV Editio Aldina Suritana Simleriana  Alio Itinere   Ab Isca   Callevam m. p. ciii sic   Venta Silurum m. p. ix   Abone m. p. ix   Trajectus m. p. ix   Aquis Solis m. p. vi   Verlucione m. p. xv   Cunetione m. p. xx   Spinis m. p. xv   Calleva m. p. xv  ITER XV. Editio Aldina Suritana Simleriana  A Calleva   Isca Dumnunniorum   m. p. cxxxvi sic   Vindomi m. p. xv   Venta Belgarum m. p. xxi   Brige m. p. xi   Sorbiodoni m. p. viii   Vindocladia m. p. xii   Durnonovaria m. p. ix   Moriduno m. p. xxxvi   Iscadum Nunniorum m. p. xv  The GENERAL HEADS of the INTRODUCTION AND Counties of England BRITAIN i Name of xxvi Manners of the Britains xxxiii Romans in Britain xxxix
opposition they resolutely made to defend their country being over-match'd in number and their territories not so well guarded by nature as to protect them But what we have said already may suffice for the Britains and the Romans However since I here treat of the Inhabitants I must not pass on without heeding what Zosimus relates Lib. 1. Vandals and Burguâ—dians in Briâ—aâ—â— though I took notice of it before That Probus the Emperor transplanted the Vandals and Burgundians he had conquered into Britain who being settled here proved very serviceable to the Romans whenever a sedition was hatching But where they could be seated unless it were in Cambridgeshire I cannot tell For Gervasius Tilburiensis takes notice of an old Vallum in this County which he calls Vandelsburg and says it was done by the Vandals I would not have any one imagine that in the time of Constantius the Carthaginians were seated here grounding their opinion upon that passage of Eumenius the Rhetorician Nisi forte non gravior Britarmiam ruina depresserat quam si perfusa tegeretur Oceano quae profundissimo Poenorum gurgite liberata ad conspectum Romanae lucis emersit i.e. Unless the grievance wherewith Britain was opprest were not greater than if it had been quite overwhelmed with the Ocean But now freed from a deep gulf of the Poeni lifts up it's head at the sight of the Roman light For there is an old Copy which belong'd to Humphrey Duke of Gloucester and after that to the Right Honourable Baron Burghly Lord High Treasurer of England wherein it is read Paenarum gurgitibus And he seems to treat of those grievances and punishments with which they were gall'd under Carausius From that of Agathias likewise in the second book of his History The Britains are a nation of the Hunns I would not have any one scandalize the Britains or conclude them to be Hunns For in one Greek Copy it is read 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and not Britones as I have been assured long since by the most learned Francis Pithaeus and as J. Lewenclaius a most deserving person for his knowledge in History has now published it The PICTS NOW for the other Inhabitants of Britain and first of the Picts who in the order of Antiquity are allow'd by Historians to come next the Britains Hector Boetius derives these people from the Agathyrsi Pomponius Lactus Aventinus and others from the Germans Some will have them from the Pictones in France and Bede from the Scythians It happen'd says he that the Picts sailed from Scythia as the report goes in some few gallies into Ireland and that having desired a seat of the Scots there without success they went over to Britain by their advice and settled upon the north part of it about the year 78 as many would have it In such See Bishop Usher's Antiquitat Britan. Eccles cap. 15. where their original is fully discussed Dr. Stiâ—lingfleet Orig. Britan. p. 246. proves them to have their oriâ—inal from Soundinavia variety of opinions I don't know which to adhere to however to shew as well as I can how the truth of this matter stands I will venture to deliver my own thoughts of it And unless the Authority of Venerable Bede was a sufficient counterpoise to any conjecture I should be apt to think that the Picts were not transplanted from other countreys but originally Britains and the offspring of them I mean those very Britains who before the Romans came here inhabited the north part of the Island and those who being a nation averse to slavery and then refusing to be hamper'd by the Romans afterwards joined them For just as those Britains did who in the Saxon invasion being loath to part with their liberty withdrew and retreated to the west-parts of the Island Wales and Cornwall full of craggy hills so doubtless the Britains in the Roman war rather than be brought under slavery the very worst of evils shifted to these northern parts frozen by excess of cold horrible in its rough and craggy places and imbogued by the washing in of the Sea and the sens in it where they were defended not so much by their weapons as by the sharpness of the air and weather and grew up with the natives of the country into a populous nation For Tacitus tells us that the enemies of the Romans were driven into these parts as into another Island by Agricola his father in law and no man questions but they were Britains that peopled these remote parts of the Island For can any one fancy that all those Britains at war with the Romans that amounted to an army of 30000 fighting men led out at once against Agricola and who gave Severus such great defeats that in one expedition seventy thousand of his Roman and confederate Troops were cut off were every soul of them destroyed without one remaining to propagate posterity so that we must needs fill the place with foreigners from Scythia or Thrace I am so far from believing it though Bede hath said it upon the credit of others that I had rather affirm them to have been so fruitful and multiplying that their own country was unable to allow them either room or food and that therefore they were constrain'd to overflow and in a manner overwhelm the Roman Province as afterwards they certainly did when the Scots settled there among them But because Bede writ this according to the report of others in those times I am very apt to believe that some from Scandia which was heretofore together with all that northern tract call'd Scythia might arrive among these Northern Britains by way of that continu'd set of Islands lying almost close to one another However lest any one imagine that I here impose upon my self by a specious lie I think I can shew from the manners name and language of the Picts wherein they will appear to be very agreeable with our Britains that they were indeed the very Britains themselves And therefore without taking notice that neither the Picts according to Bede nor the Britains according to Tacitus made any distinction of Sex in point of Government or excluded the Females from the Crown that fashion of painting and dawbing themselves with colours was common to both nations Thus much we have already observ'd among the Britains and Claudian will shew us the same among the Picts Nec falso nomine Pictos Edomuit In happy war o'recame The Picts that differ nothing from their name Again Ferroque notatas Perlegit exanimes Picto moriente figuras And oft survey'd Pale ir'n-burnt figures on the dying Pict Isidorus is no less clear in this matter The Pict's name exactly answers their body because they squeeze out the juice of herbs and imprint it in their bodies by pricking their skins with a needle so that the spotted nobility bear these scars in their painted limbs as a badge and indication of their honour Now shall we imagine that these Picts were Germans who
far in this from casting any reflection upon them that I have rather loved them the more as men of the same blood and extraction and have ever respected them even when the Kingdoms were distinct and now much more since by the favour of God we are united into one body under one sovereign head of England and Scotland which may the Almighty sanctifie to the good happy prosperous and peaceful state of both nations The f See Bishop Usher's Antiquitat Ecclâ—s Britan. cap. 15. beginning and etymology of the Scotch nation as well as its neighbours is so wrapt up in mists and darkness that even the sagacious Buchanan either did not discover it or only discovered it to himself for he has not answered the expectation of the world concerning him in this point Upon this account I have long forbore entring the lists and playing the fool with others in admiring fables For a man may as colourably refer the original of Scotland to the Gods as to Scota that sham-daughter of Pharaoh Scota Pharaâ—h's daughter King of Aegypt who was married to Gaithelus son of Cecrops the founder of Athens But as this opinion is rejected by those that are ingenuous among the Scots themselves as sprung from a gross ignorance of Antiquity so this other of a later date absurdly taken from a Greek original that the Scots are so called quasi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say obscure ought likewise to be hissed out and exposed as spightfully contrived in dishonour to a most famous and warlike nation Nor is that opinion of our Florilegus namely that the Scots are so called as arising from a confused meddley of nations universally current Yet I cannot but admire upon what grounds Isidorus could say l. 9. c. 2 That the Scots in their own tongue have their name from their painted bodies because they are marked by iron needles with ink and the print of various figures Which is also cited in the same words g Dâ—â—â—â—â— out oâ—â—â—m Hoi by Rabanus Maurus in his Geography to the Emperor Lodovicus Pius now extant in Trinity College Library at Oxford But seeing Scotland has nursed up those that can trace her Original from the highest steps of Antiquity and do it both to their own honour and that of their Country if they will but employ their whole care and thoughts for a while upon it I will only give some short touches upon those things which may afford them some light into the truth of it and offer some others which I would have them weigh a little diligently for I will not pretend to determine any thing in this controversie First therefore of their original and then of the place from whence they were transplanted into Ireland Ireland the Câ—untry of the Scots For 't is plain that out of Ireland an Isle peopled formerly by the Britains as shall be said in its proper place they were transported into Britain and that they were seated in Ireland when first known to any Writers by that name So Claudian speaking of their inroads into Britain Totam cum Scotus Hibernem Movit infesto spumavit remige Thetis When Scots came thundring from the Irish shores And th' ocean trembled struck with hostile oars In another place also Scotorum cumulos flevit glacialis Hiberne And frozen Ireland moan'd the crowding heaps Of murther'd Scots Orosius likewise writes that Ireland is peopled by nations of the Scots Agreeable is also that of Isidore Scotland and Ireland are the same but it is called Scotland because it is peopled by nations of the Scots Gildas calls them Hibâ—rnos grassatores Irish robbers Bede also The Scots who inhabit Ireland an Island next to Britain And so in other places Eginhardus who lived in the age of Charles the Great expresly calls Ireland the Island of the Scots Thus also Giraldus Cambrensis That the Scotch nation is the off-spring of Ireland the resemblance of their language and dress as well as of their weapons and customs continued to this day do sufficiently prove But now for that I had to offer to be considered by the Scots Gaâ—oâ—â—â—l 〈◊〉 Gâ—â—thel and Gael Since they who are the true genuine Scots own not the name of Scots but call themselves Gaoithel Gael and Albin and many people are called by their neighbours after another name than what they give themselves by which the first rise of a nation is often traced as for instance the people of the lower Pannonia who call themselves Magier are called by the Dutch Hungari because they were originally Hunns those bordering upon the forest Hercynia go by the name of Czechi among themselves whereas they are called by others Bohaemi because they are the off-spring of the Bott in Gaul the Inhabitants of Africa who have also a name among themselves are nevertheless called by the Spaniards Alarbes because they are Arabians the Irish who call themselves Erenach are by our Britains called Gwidhill and both the Irish and Britains give us English no other name than Sasson because we are descended from the Saxons Since these things are thus I would desire it might be examined by the Scots whether they were so called by their neighbours quasi Scythae For as the low Dutch call both the Scythians and Scots by this one word Scutten so it is observed from the British writers that our Britains likewise called both of them Y-Scot Ninnius also expresly calls the British inhabitants of Ireland Scythae and Gildas names that Sea over which they passed out of Ireland into Britain Vallis Scythica Vâ—llis Scythica For so it is in the Paris Edition of him whereas others absurdly read it Styticha vallis Again King Alfred who 7 hundred years ago turned Orosius's History into Saxon translates Scots by the word Scyttan and our own borderers to Scotland do not call them Scots but Scyttes and Scetts In his Hâ—podigma For as the same people are called so Walsingham has it Getae Getici Gothi Gothici so from one and the same original come Scythae Scitici Scoti Scotici But then whether this name was given this nation by the neighbours upon account of its Scythian manners or because they came from Scythia I would have them next to consider Lib. 6. For Diodorus Siculus and Strabo expresly compare the old people of Ireland Sâ—rabo l. 4. which is the true and native country of the Scots with the Scythians in barbarity Besides they drink the blood out of the wounds of the slain they ratifie their leagues with a draught of blood on both sides and the wild Irish as also those that are true Scots think their honour less or greater in proportion to the numbers they have slain as the Scythians heretofore did Farther 't is observable that the main weapons among the Scots as well as among the Scythians were bows and arrows For Orpheus calls the Scythians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as Aelian and Julius Pollux Sagittarii that
modern Glossary A Chancellor is he whose office is to inspect the writings and answer of the Emperor to cancell those that are wrong and sign those that are right Nor is that of Polidore Virgil true namely that William the Conqueror instituted a College of Scribes to write letters-patents and nam'd the head of that society a CHANCELLOR for it is evident that Chancellors were in England before the Conquest How great the honour and authority of Chancellor is at this day is so very well known that I need not enlarge upon it yet it will not be improper to subjoyn a word or two from an old Author to shew of what note it was formerly Robert Fi z-Stephens who liv'd under Hen. 2. The dignity of the Chancellor of England is this he is reputed the second person in the Kingdom and next unto the King with the King's seal whereof he has the keeping he may seal his own injunctions to dispose of the King's Chapel as he pleases to receive and have the custody of all Archbishopricks Bishopricks Abbies and Baronies vacant and fallen into the King's hands to be present at the King's Counsels and repair thither without summons to seal all things by the hand of his Clerk who carries the King's seal and that all things be disposed of by his advice Also * Ut jâ—â—â— gaâ—â—â—â— eâ— per 〈◊〉 graâ—â—â—â— vita â—â—ritis â—morâ—â—â—â— nisi â—chiâ—â—â— scepâ—◠〈◊〉 vâ—â—uâ—â—â— that by the grace of God leading a just and upright Life he may if he will himself die Archbishop Whereupon it it is that the CHANCELLORSHIP is not to be bought The manner of creating a Chancellor for that I have a mind to take notice of in King Henry the second 's time was by hanging the Great Seal about the neck of the person chosen for that office Yet in Henry the sixth's reign the method was thus Guâ—â— Mâ—â— as it appears from the Records Upon the death of the Chancellor of England the three great Seals one of gold and the other two of silver which were kept by the Chancellor are immediately after his decease shut up in a wooden chest fast lock'd and seal'd by the Lords there present and so convey'd into the Treasury From thence they are brought to the King who in the presence of many of the Nobility delivers the same into the hands of him that is to be the succeeding Chancellor and undertakes the Charge of that office having first took an oath before him that he will duly administer the same First then he delivers up the great silver seal next that of gold and lastly the other of silver in the presence of great numbers of the Nobility After he has thus receiv'd them he puts them into the chest again and so sends them seal'd home where before certain of the Nobility he causes the King's writs and briefs to be seal'd with them When a Chancellor is displac'd he delivers up those three seals into the King's hands in the presence of many of the Nobility first the seal of Gold then the broad seal of silver and next the other of a less size At this day only one seal is delivered to the Chancellor nor is there any mention to be found of these three seals but in the reign of Henry the sixth In process of time much honour and authority was added to this office of Chancellor by Act of Parliament especially since so much niceness and subtilty has crept in among the Lawyers who have made their pleadings so difficult and ensnaring that a Court of Equity was found necessary which was committed to the Chancellors that he might judge according to the rules of right and equity and moderate the rigour of exact justice which is often down-right injustice and oppression There preside in this Court the Lord Chancellor of England and twelve Masters of Chancery as Assessors to him the chief where of is the Keeper of the Rolls belonging to that Court and thence call'd Magister Rotulorum or Master of the Rolls There are also many other Officers belonging to this Court some of them concern'd about the King's Seal namely the Clerk of the Crown the Clerk of the Hamper A Sealer A Chauff-wax A Comptroller of the Hamper twenty four Cursitors and a Clerk for the Sub-poena-writs Others concerned in the Bills there exhibited are a Prothonotary the Six Clerks or Attorneys of the Court and a Register There are also the three Clerks of the petit bag a Clerk of the Presentations a Clerk of the Faculties a Clerk for examining Letters-Patents a Clerk for Dimissions c. There is another Court also arising from the King 's Privy Council call'd the Court of Requests The Câ—â— of Requests from the addresses of Petitioners deliver'd there where private causes are heard as in Chancery if first presented to the King or his privy Council though sometimes otherwise In this Court business is manag'd by the Masters of the Requests and a Clerk or Register with two or three Attorneys As for those Councils held in the Marches of Wales and in the North I will treat of them God willing in another place The Chief Spiritual Courts Spiâ—â—â—â— Coâ—â—â— are the Synod which is call'd the Convocation and is always held at the same time that a Parliament is and the Provincial Synods in both Provinces After these are the Courts of the Achbishop of Canterbury namely the Court of Arches The Câ—â—â— of Aâ—â—â—â— the judge of which is the Dean of the †He is called DEAN for that he hath jurisdiction in 13 Parishes of London exempt from the Bishop of London which number maketh a DEANERIE Hol. Arches so call'd from St. Mary's Church in London famous for its arch'd steeple All Appeals within the province of Canterbury are made to him There are in this Court 16 Advocates or more as the Archbishop shall think fit all of them Doctors of Law two Registers and ten Proctors Court â—udiâ— The Court of Audience where all complaints causes and appeals in this Province are receiv'd Court â—eroâ—e The Court of Prerogative where the Commissary judges of inheritances whether descended without will or devis'd The Court of Faculties manag'd by a * Câ—urt â—culâ— â—fâ—ctus President who takes cognizance of all grievances represented to him by such as desire that the rigour and severity of the Canon-law may be moderated and a Register to record such dispensations as are granted Court â—eculâ—â— The Court of Peculiars which has jurisdiction in certain parishes exempt from the Bishop of the Diocese where they lye and those Peculiars that belong to the Archbishop with other things of less note I willingly omit For I must confess it was imprudent in me to dip at all in a subject of this nature however Guicciardin encouraged me to it by his example in his description of the Netherlands I intended here to have inserted some few things and those chiefly concerning the antiquity
of the great Magistrates of this Realm the Chancellor aforesaid the Treasurer the President of the Council the Keeper of the Privy Seal the Lord Chamberlain the Lord High Constable the Lord Marshal the Steward of the King's House c. But since I hear that this is design'd by another hand I am so far from offering to forestall it that I 'll willingly without more ado even impart to the Undertaker whatever observations I have already made upon those heads A posthumous Discourse concerning the Etymologie Antiquity and Office of Earl Marshal of England By Mr. Camden SUCH is the uncertainty of Etymologies that Arguments drawn from them are of least force and therefore called by an ancient Grecian 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as proofs only which do nothing but set a good face on the matter Nevertheless when as Plato will have them admitted if there be a consonancy and correspondence between the name and the thing named we will produce three Etymologies of this word Marshall wherein the name is or hath been answerable to the Office in some part or other in signification For the word Marescallus is used for a principal officer in the court in the camp for a Ferrar and an Harbinger The Germans from whom the word was first borrowed called him Marescalk the Latins mollifying the same Marescallus the office Marescalcia The French Marescaux and we Marshall All deduced from the German Marescalk which according to the received opinion is compounded of Mare or mark which do both say they signify an Horse and Scalk which doth not signifie skilful as some will but an Officer Servant or Attendant So Godschalck is interpreted God's servant and in the old German nunc dimittas servum this word Servus is translated Scalk So that joyntly the word notifieth an officer and attendant about horses This Etymology is confirmed first ex legibus Allamannorum si quis Marescallus qui 12 equis praeest occidit 4. solidis componat Then out of Choniates who writing the life of Baldwin Emperor of Constantinople saith that this word Marescaldos noteth him whom the Grecians called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which according to the name doth signifie him which marcheth foremost before the Army To maintain this Etymology they say it may not seem strange that so high an office as it is now should be derived from horses when as all preferment in ancient time as one saith had the first rise from the Stable and such as were there brought up proved most serviceable horsemen and many other names which time hath advanced to high dignity had very mean and small originals But this Etymology lieth open to some objections as that the Marshals now have no command over the horses or stable but certain it is that in divers offices albeit the functions are altered the name remaineth And as Varro writeth Equiso among the Latins doth not only signifie Master and Ruler of the horses but also of all other things committed to his charge so accordingly it is to be supposed this word Marshal not only to signifie an Officer of Horses but also of other Civil and Military matters appropriated to his function It is said also that Mare doth not signifie an Horse in the German tongue but as in ours that which is more ignoble in that kind and that names are to be imposed à potiori And albeit it is most certain out of Pausanias that Mare signified an Horse to the old Gauls as it doth still to our Britains their descendants yet they say it is unfitting to compound one word of two different Languages But Quintilian sheweth the contrary in Epirhedium Anti-cato Biclinium Epitogium being compounded of Greek Latin and other Tongues and to this Etymology do they incline which will have the Marshal to be called in Latin Magister Equitum rather than Tribunus Militum There is also another deduction of Marshal from Maer the Latin word Major and Sala which signifieth a Kings-Court in the High-Dutch for that they were Magistri domus and principal officers for ordering the Court. There is a third derivation of this name from Marke as it signifieth a Marche bound or limit and Scalck which is Minister as we said before From Mark in this sense we have Marchio for a Lord Marcher and Mark-grave in the very same sense and therefore he relieth upon this opinion which calleth the Marshal in Latin Praetor comitatus Augustalis as being the civil Judge within the limits of the Court which we call now the Verse for that the Verge or Rod of the Marshal's authority sretcheth so far and they also which have the Marshal call'd in Latin Designator castrorum for it was incident to his office to be as it were an harbinger and to appoint limits and lodgings both in war and peace Of these Etymologies happily one may be true happily none When this word entred first into England I cannot resolve I do not find that our Saxons used it or any other name equivalent unto it unless it was Stal-here which signifieth Master of the Stable but that may seem rather answerable to the name of Constable yet Esgar who was Stal-here to King Edward the Confessor writeth himself in a donation to Waltham Regiae Procurator aulae whereas William Fitz-Osborne in the Chronicles of Normandy is called the Marshal I believe that William Tailleur the Author spake according to the time he lived in and not according to the time he wrote of Fauchet a learned-man in the French Antiquities saith the name of Marshal was first heard about the time of Lewis le Grosse who was in time equal to our King Henry the first and Stephen of England and from thence doubtless we borrowed that name as many other The first author that used the word in England was Petrus Blesensis Chancellor as he was then called but indeed Secretary to King Henry the second of England who used this word Marescallus for an Harbinger in these words complaining of them Epistolâ 14. Vidi plurimos qui Marescallis manum porrexerunt liberalem hi dum hospitium post longi fatigationem itineris cum plurimo labore quaesissent cum adhuc essent eorum epulae semicrudae aut cum jam fortè sederent in mensâ quandoque etiam cum jam dormirent in stratis Marescalli supervenientes in superbiâ abusione abscissis equorum capistris ejectisque foras sine delectu non sine jactura sarcinalis eos ab hospitiis turpitèr expellebant The first mention that I find of a Marshal in record is in the red book of the Exchequer written in the time of Henry the second which hath reference unto the time of King Henry the first Regis avus that is Henry the first fecffavit Wiganum Marescallum suum de tenementis quae de eo tenuit per servitium Marescalciae suae Rex reddidit ea Radulpho filio Wigani tanquam Marescallo suo What Marshal this was I cannot determine The second mention of
quarries some such little miracles of sporting Nature And I have seen a stone brought from thence winded round like a serpent the head whereof tho' but imperfect jutted out in the circumference and the end of the tail was in the center u But most of them want the head In the neighbouring fields and other places hereabouts the herb Percepier â—ercepier grows naturally all the year round It is peculiar to England and one tastes in it a sort of tartness and bitterness 't is never higher than a span and grows in bushy flowers without a stalk It provokes urine strongly and quickly and there is a water distill'd out of it of great use as P. Poena in his Miscellanies upon Plants has observ'd w Scarce five miles from hence the river Avon parts Bristol in the middle â—â—tow call d by the Britains Caer Oder Nant Badon i.e. the City Odera in Badon valley In the Catalogue of the Ancient Cities it is nam'd Caer Brito and in Saxon it is BrightstoÆ¿ i.e. a famous place But a Amongst the rest Leland in his Comment upon the Cygnea cantio pag. 152. those who have affirm'd it to be the Venta Belgarum have impos'd both upon themselves and the world The City is plac'd partly in Somersetshire and partly in Glocestershire so that it does not belong to either having distinct Magistrates of it's own and being a county incorporate by it self It stands upon a pretty high gâ—ound between the Avon and the little river Frome what with walls and the rivers guarded very well for it was formerly enclos'd with a double wall It casts such a beautiful show both of publick and private buildings that it answers it's name and there are what they call Goutes in Latin Cloacae built in the subterraneous caverns of the earth to carry off and wash away the filth x so that nothing is wanting either for neatness or health But by this means it comes that Carts are not us'd here It is also so well furnish'd with the necessities of life and so populous that next to London and York it may justly claim a preeminence over all the cities in Britain For the trade of many nations is drawn thither by the advantage of commerce and of the harbour which brings vessels under sail into the heart of the city And the Avon swells so much by the coming in of the tide when the Moon descends from the Meridian and passes the place opposite that ships upon the shallows are born up 11 or 12 fathoms The citizens themselves drive a rich trade throughout Europe and make voyages to the remotest parts of America At what time and by whom it was built is hard to say but it seems to be of a late date since in all the Danish plunders it is not so much as mention'd in our Histories For my part I am of opinion it rose in the decline of the Saxon government since it is not taken notice of before the year of our Lord 1063. wherein Harald as Florence of Worcester has it set sail from Brytstow to Wales with a design to invade it In the beginning of the Norman times Berton an adjoyning farm and this Bristow paid to the King as 't is in Domesday book 110 marks of silver and the Burgesses return'd that Bishop G. had 33 marks â—â—am of â—â—â—ster and 1 mark of gold y Afterwards Robert Bishop of Constance plotting against William Rufus chose this for a seat of war and fortify'd the little city with that inner wall I suppose part of which remains to this day z But a few years after the Suburbs began to enlarge on every side for on the south Radcliff where were some little houses belonging to the suburbs is joyn'd to the rest of the city by a stone-bridge which is so set with houses that you would not think it a bridge but a street This part is included within the walls and the inhabitants have the privileges of citizens There are hospitals built in all parts for the poor and neat Churches for the glory of God Amongst the rest the most beautiful is S. Mary's of Radcliffe without the walls into which is a stately ascent by a great many stairs So large is it the workmanship so exquisite and the roof so artificially vaulted with stone and the tower so high that in my opinion it goes much beyond all the Parish Churches in England I have yet seen In it the founder William Canninges has two honorary monuments the one is his image in the habit of a Magistrate for he was five times Mayor of this City the other an image of the same person in Clergy-man's habit for in his latter days he took Orders and was Dean of the College which himself founded at Westbury Hard by it is also another Church call'd Temple the tower whereof as often as the bell rings moves to and again so as to be quite parted from the rest of the building and there is such a chink from top to bottom that the gaping is three fingers broad when the bell rings growing first narrower then again broader Nor must we omit taking notice of S. Stephen's Church the stately tower whereof was in the memory of our grandfathers built by one Shipward 41 Alià s Bâ—rstaple a citizen and merchant with great charge and curious workmanship On the east also and north parts it was enlarg'd with very many buildings and those too included within the walls being defended by the river Frome which after it has pass'd by these walls runs calmly into the Avon making a quiet station for ships and a creek convenient to load and unload wares which they call the Kay Under this The marsh between the confluence of Avon and Frome is a champain ground which is set round with trees and affords a pleasant walk to the citizens Upon the south-east where the rivers do not encompass it Robert natural son to King Henry 1. commonly call'd Robert Rufus Consul of Glocester because he was Earl of Glocester built a large and strong Castle for the defence of his city a and out of a pious inclination set aside every tenth stone for the building of a Chappel near the Priory of S. James which he also erected just under the City He took to wife Mabil daughter and sole heir of Robert Fitz-Hamon who held this city in fealty of William the Norman This castle yet scarce finish'd was besieg'd by King Stephen but he was forc'd to draw off without doing any thing and the same person not many years after being prisoner there was a fair instance how uncertain the events of war are Beyond the river Frome over which at Frome-gate is a bridge one goes obliquely up a high hill of a steep and difficult ascent from whence there is a pleasant prospect of the City and haven below it This upon the top runs into a large and green plain shaded all along the middle with a double rank of trees
Plinii spicata seu foemina eorundem C. B. French Mercury the male and female It grows very plentifully by a Village called Brookland in Rumney-marsh Park p. 297. Ophâ—is bisolia palustris Bifolium palustre Park Marsh Twayblade In divers places of Rumney-marsh Park p. 505. Orchis myodes flore coccineo elegans P. B. In Swanscombe Wood. Though I know not what sort of Orchis the Authors of Phyt. Brit. mean by this name yet because I remember my very good Friend Mr. George Horsnell Surgeon in London told me That some of his Acquaintance did formerly shew him such a kind of elegant Fly Orchis I have given it a place in this Catalogue Orchis barbata foetida J. B. barbata odore hirci breviore latioréque folio C. B. Tragorchis maximus Trag. mas Ger. Trag. maxima Trag. vulgaris Park The Lizard-flower or great Goats-stones Observed by Dr. Bowles nigh the high-way between Crayford and Dartford Mr. Watts hath since found it also in Kent It hath not been yet my hap to meet with it Orobanche affinis Nidus avis J. B. Orchis abortiva ruffa sive Nidus avis Park Orch. abort fusca C. B. Satyrion abortivum sive Nidus avis Ger. Mishapen Orchis or Birds-nest I found it in some thickets at Bocton Munchelsey near Maidston I never observed many of them together in one place Pisum marinum Ger. aliud maritimum Britannicum Park English Sea-Pease At Gilford in Kent over against the Comber Park 1060. On the Sea-coast among the flints and pebbles near new Romney Upon the beach running along the shore from Denge nesse westward Camden Brit. p. 351. See more of this sort of Pease in Suffolk Catalogue Parkinson makes two sorts of English Sea-Pease The first he calls Pisum spontaneum maritimum Anglicum and the second Pis aliud marit Brit. No man that I have heard of besides him hath been as yet able to discover more than one Plantago major paniculâ sparsâ J. B. latifolia spica multiplici C. B. paniculis sparsis Ger. emac. latifiolia spiralis Park Besome-Plantain or Plantain with spoky tufts Found by Dr. Johnson at Margate in the Isle of Thanet and by Tho. Willisell at Reculver there Polygonatum Ger. vulgare Park latifolium vulgare C. B. Polygonatum vulgò Sigillum Solomonis J. B. Solomons Seal At Crayford Ger. In a wood two miles from Canterbury by Fishpool-hill and in Chesson-wood on Chesson-hill between Newington and Sittingbourn Park p. 699. Rhamnus Salicis folio angusto fructu flavescente C. B. secundus Clusii Ger. emac. primus Dioscoridis Lobelio sive litoralis Park Rhamnus vel Oleaster Germanicus J. B. Sallow-thorn or Sea-Buchthorn On the Sandy grounds about Sandwich and Deal as also about Folkston on the other side of Dover Rubus saxatilis Alpinus Park Chamaerubus saxatilis C. B. Rubus Alpinus humilis J. B. Saxatilis Ger. Stone Bramble or Rasp Parkinson tells us it grows in the Isle of Thanet and other places in Kent I nevâ—r found it but among the Mountains in the North. Salix puntila folio subrotundo utrinque lanuginoso argenteo Dwarf willow with round leaves and a silver down on both sides On the sandy grounds near Sandwich Satyrion abortivum v. Orobanche affinis In the middle of a Wood near Gravesend Serp llum citratum Ger. Park Citrii odore J. B. foliis Citri odore C. B. Lemon Thyme Between Southfleet and Longfield Downs and between Rochester and Sittingbourn in the high-way Park p. 9. Speculum Veneris majus Park Veneris Ger. Onobrychis arvensis vel Campanula arvensis erecta C. B. Avicularia Sylvii quibusdam J. B. The greater Venus Looking-glass Parkinson tells us it grows among the corn at Greenwich and Dartford I was never yet so happy as to espy it among corn Possibly it might spring of seed cast out among the weedings of gardens and carried on to corn lands Spongia ramosa altera Anglica S. Sp. marina Anglica planta nodosa Park Fucus spongiosus nodosus Ger. emac. Sea-ragged staff Near Margate in the Isle of Thanet Verbascum flore albo parvo J. B. Lychnites flore albo parvo C. B. Lychnites Matthioli Ger. mas foliis longioribus Park White flower'd Mullein It is common in this Country by the way sides Urtica Romana Ger. Park Romana seu mas cum globulis J. B. urens pilulas ferens prima Dioscoridis semine Lini C. B. Common Roman Nettle Parkinson saith it hath been found growing of old at Lidde by Romney and in the streets of Romney Of the original whereof he tells us a very pleasant story It is recorded saith he that at Romney Julius Caesar landed with his Souldiers and there abode for a certain time whence the place it is likely was by them called Romania and corruptly there-from Romeney or Romney But for the growing of this Nettle in that place it is reported That the Souldiers brought some of the Seed with them and sowed it there for their use to rub and chafe their Limbs when through extreme cold they should be stiff and benummed being told before they came from home that the Climate of Britain was so extreme cold that it was not to be endured without some friction or rubbing to warm their blood and to stir up their natural heat since which time it is thought it hath continued there rising yearly of its own sowing This Story hath nothing of likelyhood in it because the Roman Nettle is found not only here but in divers other places on the Sea-coast nor had it been a stranger or exotick would it likely have continued so long coming up yearly of its own sowing Outlandish plants usually failing and being lost if not cultivated in gardens Add hereto that Julius Caesar landed not hereabouts Of the Arsenals for the Royal Navy in KENT THE Navy of England has in all times as at this day been owing to this one County more than to the whole number beside for the Diversity and Importance of the places serving therein to the Building Repairing Safe-harbouring and Equipping of the same Here therefore we choose to offer under a distinct head what has occurr'd to us worthy observation on that subject after first doing right to our Author in reference to the more than ordinary scantiness of his Remarks on those Places by observing only the different States of the Royal Navy of England about the time of his writing and at this day The different States of the Royal Navy In Mr. Camden's time At this day 1. The number of Ships and Vessels from 50 Tons upwards but 40 Ships above 200 Ships 2. The general Tonnage of the whole under 23600 Tons above 112400 Tons 3. The number of men requir'd for manning the same under 7800 Men above 45000 Men. 4. The medium of it's annual charge during the last   5 years of Peace War under 15500 l. above 400000 l. under 96400 l. above 1620000 l. Which Disproportions in the Naval Action within this
†Full. Wor. p. 17. That they who buy a house in Hertfordshire pay two years purchase for the air of it But as for the pastures Norden tells us there are but few to be met withall and that their meadows tho' here and there dispers'd are many of them cold and mossy And as to the soil in general he adds That in respect of some other Shires it is but a barren Country without the great toil and charge of the husbandman b In the north-west part of the Shire is Hitching Hitching which according to Mr. Norden had it's name from lying at the end of a wood call'd Hitch that formerly came up to it so that it 's true name must be Hitchend The main business of the inhabitants is Maulting and their market chiefly noted for Corn. c Going from hence to the south-east we find the Barrows â—arrows mention'd by our Author which I am not willing to imagine were either Roman burying-places or bounds but am apt to think they had some relation to the Danes For the Hundred at a little distance call'd Dacorum-Hundred and the place within it Dane-end seem to be an evidence of some remarkable thing or other the Danes either did or suffer'd in this place And Norden tells us but upon what grounds I know not that the incursions of the Danes were stop'd in this place where they receiv'd a signal overthrow which if true and built upon good authority makes the conjecture so much the more plausible d Near the river Lea lies Hatfield Hatâ—â—â—â—d now neither a Royal nor Bishop's seat but ‖ Bâ— p. 1â— belongs to the Right Honorable the Earl of Salisbury being a place of great pleasure upon the account of it's Parks and other conveniences For situation contrivance building prospect and other necessaries to make a compleat seat it gives way to few in England From this place most of our Historians affirm that William de Hatfeld son to King Edw. 3. took his name tho' 't was really from Hatfield in Yorkshire where to the neighbouring Abbot of Roch Qu. Philippa gave 5 marks and 5 nobles per An. to the Monks to pray for the soul of this her son and the sums being transferr'd to the Church of York are now paid by the Earl of Devonshire See the Additions to Yorkshire e Next the river runs to Hertford Heâ—â—â—â—rd call'd in Saxon Heortford a name no doubt took from a Hart with which one may easily imagine such a woody County to have formerly abounded What our Author says of the Rubrum vadum would indeed agree well enough to the south and west parts of the County where the soil is a red earth mix'd with gravel but the Hartingford adjoyning makes for the former opinion and the Arms of the Town which if rightly represented by ‖ 〈◊〉 Mâ—ps Spede are a Hart couchant in the water put it beyond dispute There is a very fair School founded by Richard Hale Esq a native of this County who endow'd it with 40 l. per An. f From hence the river runs to Ware Ware the denomination whereof from the Weares and not as some imagine from Wares or merchandise as it is confirm'd by the abundance of waters thereabouts which might put them under a necessity of such contrivances so particularly from the inundation in the year 1408. when it was almost all drown'd since which time says Norden and before there was great provision made by wayres and sluces for the better preservation of the town and the grounds belonging to the same The plenty of waters hereabouts gave occasion to that useful project of cutting the chanel from thence to London and conveying the New-river to the great advantage and convenience of that City g North from hence is Burnt-Pelham Burnt-Pâ—â—ham from some great fire or other that has happen'd there * Nâ—rd pâ— There were some fragments and foundations of old buildings which appear'd plainly to have been consum'd by fire and so to have given name to the place In the walls of the Church was a very ancient monument namely a man figur'd in a stone and about him an eagle a lion and a bull all winged and a fourth of the shape of an angel possibly contriv'd to represent the four Evangelists Under the feet of the man a cross-flowry and under the Cross a serpent but whether the monument be still there I cannot certainly tell h Next is Stortford â—â—ortfâ—rd since our Author's age grown into a considerable place well stock'd with inns and a good market-town The castle there seems to have been of great strength having within it a dark and deep Dungeon call'd the Convict's prison but whether that name denotes some great privileges formerly belonging to it I dare not with a late Author affirm i But to return to the Lea Tybaulds â—ybaulds in our Author's time seems to have been one of the most beautiful seats in the County As it was built by Sir William Cecil so was it very much improv'd by his son Sir Robert who exchang'd it with King James 1. for Hatfield house Fail Wor. 〈◊〉 1â— In the year 1651. it was quite defac'd and the plunder of it shar'd amongst the soldiers 〈◊〉 Albans k But to go from hence toward the west the ancient Verolamium first offers it self the Antiquities whereof are so accurately describ'd by our Author that little can be added 〈◊〉 Aâ—br MS. Some ruins of the walls are still to be seen and some of the Roman bricks still appear The great Church here was built out of the ruins of old Verulam and tho' time and weather have made the out-side of it look like stone yet if you break one of them or go up to the tower the redness of a brick presently appears About 1666. there was found a copper coin which had on one side Romulus and Remus sucking the Wolf on the other Rome but much defac'd l The brazen Font mention'd by Camden to have been brought out of Scotland 〈◊〉 Full. Wor. â— 32. is now taken away in the late civil wars as it seems by those hands which let nothing stand that could be converted into money m In the middle of this town K. Edw. 1. erected a very stately Cross about the year 1290. in memory of Qu. Eleanor who dâ—ing in Lincolnshire was carry'd to Westminster The same he did in several other places thro' which they pass'd some whereof are mention'd by our Author under their proper heads Viscounts â—arls and Marquesses The place hath given Title to several persons of quality that of Viscount to the famous Francis Bacon Lord Verulam and Lord Chancellour of England created Viscount of this place Jan. 18. 1620. Afterwards Richard de Burgh Earl of Clanrikard in the kingdom of Ireland was created Earl of St. Albans by K. Charles 1. and was succeeded in that honour by Ulick his son with whom that title dy'd for want of
with its Fairs Richard Harecourt obtain'd from King Edward 1. e The battel was fought at three miles distance from this town but because this was the most remarkable it was therefore said to be at Bosworth-field Mr. Burton Hist of Leicestershire p. 47. has given us several remains of that engagement as pieces of armour arrow-arrow-heads c. digg'd up there Near this town within the memory of our grandfathers the right of the Crown of England happen'd to be finally determin'd by a battel For there Henry Earl of Richmond with a small body of men gave battel to Richard the third who in a most wicked manner had usurp'd the Crown and whilst for the liberty of his Country Henry with his party valiantly expos'd himself to death he happily overcame and slew the Tyrant and in the midst of blood and slaughter was with joyful acclamations saluted King having by his valour deliver'd England from the dominion of a tyrant and by his prudence eas'd the nation from the disquiet of civil dissentions d Hereupon Bernardus Andreas a Poet of Tholouse who liv'd in those days in an Ode to Henry 7. alludes thus to the Roses which were the †Insignia Device of that King Ecce nunc omnes posuere venti Murmura praeter Zephyrum tepentem Hic Rosas nutrit nitidósque flores Veris amoeni Now the rough tempests all have breath'd their last All winds are hush't except the gentle west By whose kind gales are blushing Roses blown And happy spring with all its joys comes on Other things worthy our mention near this way we do not meet with unless it be at a greater distance f This place is largely desrib'd by Mr. Burton in his History of Leicestershire p. 16. Ashby de la Zouch Ashby Barons Zouch of Ashby a most pleasant town now belonging to the Earls of Huntingdon formerly to Alan de la Zouch 7 Who descended from Alan Viscount of Rohan in Little-Britain and Constantia his wife daughter to Conan le Grosse Earl of Britain and Maud his wife the natural daughter of Henry the first a Baron who bore for his arms on a Shield Gules 10 Bezants This man having marry'd one of the heiresses of Roger de Quincy Earl of Winchester in her right came to a great estate in this County but having commenced a suit against John Earl of Warren who chose rather to determine the matter by Sword than by Law he was kill'd by him in the King's-hall at Westminster An. 1279. And some few years after the daughters and heirs of his Nephew convey'd this estate by their marriages into the families of Seymour 8 Of Castle Cary. and Holland Hollands 9 Yet their father first bestow'd this Ashby upon Sir Richard Mortimer of Richards-castle his Cousin whose youger issue thereupon took the surname of Zouch and were Lords of Ashby But from Eudo a younger son of Alane who was slain in Westminster-hall the Lords Zouch of Haringworth branch'd out and have been for many descents Barons of the Realm But this town came afterwards to the family of Hastings who have here a very magnificent seat of which family William procured from Henry the sixth the privilege of certain Fairs Nor ought I to pass over in silence Cole-Overton â—â—â—ton the seat of H. de Bellomont or Beaumont 10 Descended from Sir Thomas Beaumont Lord of Bachevill in Normandy brother to the first Viscount Which Sir Thomas as some write was he who was slain manfully fighting at such time as the French recover'd Paris from the English in the time of King Henry the sixth branch'd from that famous family of the Viscounts de Bellomont It hath a name of distinction from Pit-Coles 〈◊〉 Coles being a bituminous earth harden'd by nature and here to the Lord of the Manour's great profit digg'd up in such plenty as to supply the neighbouring Country all about with firing The river Soar as I have already observ'd cuts through the middle of this County which rising not far from the Street-way and encreasing with the addition of many running waters flows gently Northward and in its course passes by the West and North-sides of the principal town of the Shire call'd by Author's g In the Saxon it has several names according to the several Copies Legerceaster Ligoraceaster Lygraceaster Legraceaster Legoraceaster In reading our ancient Histories it ought to be carefully distinguish'd from the British Caerlegion or Caerleon West-Chester which is nam'd Legeceaster Legaceaster and by middle ag'd writers Legacestre See a large description of this place in Mr. Burton's Antiquities of Leicestershire p. 160 c. Lege-cestria Leogora Legeo-cester and Leicester Leicester It is a place that shows great antiquity and no less beauty in its buildings In the year 680 when Sexwulph by King Ethelred's order divided the kingdom of the Mercians into Dioceses he plac'd here a Bishop's seat and became himself the first Bishop of this See But after few years the See being translated to another place that dignity determin'd and the reputation of the town by little and little decay'd till Edelfleda a noble Lady in the year after our Saviour's nativity 914 repair'd and fortify'd the place with new walls so that Matthew Paris in his Lesser History writes thus Legecestria is a most wealthy city and encompast with an indissoluble wall of which if the foundation were strong and good the place would be inferiour to no city whatsoever At the coming in of the Normans it was well peopled and frequented and had many Burgesses Twelve of whom as we find recorded in William the first 's Book were by ancient Tenure to go with the King as often as he went to war But in case he made an expedition by sea then they sent four horses as far as London for the carriage of arms or other necessaries This town paid to the King yearly thirty pounds by tale and twenty in Ore 11 That is by weight and five and twenty h A measure containing our pint and a half or in weight 24 ounces Sextaries of Honey i This as Mr. Burton observes was done by Richard Lucie Lord Chief Justice of England to whom the government of this nation was committed the King then being absent in Ireland A. D. 1173. But in the time of Henry the second it was oppress'd with great miseries and the walls demolisht when Robert sirnam'd Bossu that is Crook-back Earl of Leicester endeavour'd an insurrection against his Prince Which Matthew Paris delivers in these words For the contumacy of Earl Robert in opposing the King the noble city of Leicester was besieged and ruin'd by King Henry and the wall which seem'd indissoluble thrown down to the very foundation quite round Let me add out of the said Lesser History That the walls being faulty in the foundations when they were undermin'd and the props burnt that supported them fell in great pieces which remain
question but this was the very c Dr. Gâ—le gives us a note upon this passage in Ptolemy which must be wrong printed 'T is this Salutarem sinum male MS. Seld. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Which ought to be thus pointed Salutatem sinum male MS. c. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gabrantovicorum Gâ—bâ—â—â—vâ— a people that liv'd in this neighbourhood n Near this is Bridlington a town famous for John de Bridlington a Monkish Poet d There is no such thing One might as well say as some do that the Caledonian woods are still plentifully stockt with Wild-bears Both these kinds are long since wholly destroy'd in that Kingdom See Sir Robert Sibbald's Nuntius Scoto-Brit part 2. p. 9. whose rhyming prophecies which are altogether ridiculous I have seen o Not far from hence for a great way towards Drifield there was a ditch drawn by the Earls of Holderness to divide the Lands which was call'd Earls-dike But why this small People were call'd Gabrantovici I dare not so much as guess unless perhaps it was deriv'd from Goats which the Britains call'd Gaffran whereof there are not greater numbers in any part of Britain than in this place Nor is this derivation to be lookt upon as absurd seeing the Aegira in Achaia has its name from Goats Nebrodes in Sicily from Deer and Boeotia in Greece from Oxen. The little Promontory that by its bending makes this Bay is commonly call'd Flamborough-head 〈◊〉 but by Saxon Authors Fleam-burg who write that Ida the Saxon who first subdu'd these parts arriv'd here Some think it took its name from a Watch-tower to set out Lights whereby Mariners might discern that Harbour For the Britains still retain the provincial word Flam and the Mariners paint this Creek with a flaming-flaming-head in their Sea-Charts Others are of opinion that this name came into England out of Angloen in Denmark the ancient Seat of the Angli for there is a town call'd Flemsburg from which they think the English gave it that name as the Gauls according to Livy nam'd Mediolanum in Italy from the town Mediolanum they had left in Gaul For the little village in this Promontory is call'd Flamborough â—â—â—boâ—â—gh which gives original to another noble family of Constables as they call them which by some are deriv'd from the Lacies â—ables â—â—amboâ—â—gh Constables of Chester p Upon my enquiries in these parts I heard nothing of those Rivers call'd Vipseis â—â—eis which Walter de Heminburgh tells us flow every other year from unknown Springs and with a great and rapid current run by this little Promontory to the Sea However take what William of Newborough who was born there has said of them These famous waters commonly call'd Vipseis spring from the earth at several sources not incessantly but every other year and having made a pretty large current through the lower grounds run into the Sea and when they are dry'd 't is a good sign For the flowing of them is truly said to forbode the misery of an approaching famine q As the Sea winds it self back from hence a thin slip of land like a small tongue when 't is thrust out shoots into the Sea such as the old English call'd File from which the little village Filey takes its name More inward stands Flixton where a Hospital was built in the time of Athelstan for defending Travellers as it is word for word in the * Regiis Archivit Publick Records from Wolves that they should not be devoured by them This shews us that in those times Wolves Wolves infested this tract which now are to be met with in no part of England not so much as in the frontiers of Scotland altho' they are very numerous in that Kingdom This small territory of Holderness was given by William the first to Drugo de Bruerer a Fleming Earls of Albemarle and Holderness Genealogiae Antiquae upon whom also he had bestow'd his niece in marriage but she being poison'd by him and he forc'd to fly for his life was succeeded by Stephen the son of Odo Lord of Albemarle in Normandy descended from the family of the Earls of Champaigne whom William the first who was his nephew by a half sister on the mother's side is said to have made Earl of Albemarle and his posterity retain'd that title in England notwithstanding Albemarle be a place in Normandy He was succeeded by his son William sirnam'd †Le Gross Crassus His only daughter Avis was married to three husbands successively to William Magnavill Earl of Essex to Baldwin de Beton and to William Forts or de Fortibus By this last husband only she had issue William who left also a son William to succeed him His only daughter Avelin being married to Edmund ‖ Gibbosus Crouchback Earl of Lancaster dy'd without children And so as it is said in Meaux-Abbey-book for want of heirs the Earldom of Albemarle and the Honour of Holderness were seized into the King's hands Yet in following ages King Richard the second created Thomas de Woodstock his Uncle and afterwards Edward Plantagenet son to the Duke of York Duke of Albemarle in the life-time of his father Henry the fourth also made his son Thomas Duke of Clarence and Earl of Albemarle which title King Henry the sixth added afterwards as a farther honour to Richard Beauchamp Earl of Warwick ADDITIONS to the East-riding of YORKSHIRE a NOW we come to the second Division the East-Riding Which Division by Ridings to observe it by the way is nothing but a corruption from the Saxon ÃriHing â—g which consisted of several Hundreds or Wapentakes Nor was it peculiar to this County but formerly common to most of the neighbouring ones as appears by the p. 33. 34 Laws of Edward the Confessor and the â—g 74 â—c Life of King Alfred b The first place we meet with is Mont-ferrant-Castle which ‖ â—â—erar Leland tells us in his time was clearly defaced so that bushes grew where it had formerly stood Of the family de Malo Lacu or as Leland calls them Mawley there were eight successively enjoy'd the estate all Peters but the last of these leaving only two daughters the one was married to Bigot and the other to Salwayne c However the name of Battle-bridge â—â—â—â—e-â—â—â—ge may be us'd for Stanford-bridge in Authors a Traveller will hardly meet with it among the Inhabitants of this Country Our Author seems to have taken it from an Instrument concerning the Translation of St. Oswin since printed in the â—â—m 1. â—4 Monasticon Anglicanum which speaking of this place adds Nunc verò Pons belli dicitur i.e. at present 't is call'd Pons Belli or Battle-bridge d Upon the Derwent lyes Howden â—â—den formerly Hovedene as is plain from several Records in the time of Edward 2. and Edward 3. as also from †â—n MS. Leland's calling the first Canon of the place John Hovedene
under another head long bore the title of Earls This Nidisdale together with Annandale breeds a warlike sort of people but infamous for their depredations For they dwell upon Solway a fordable Arm of the Sea through which they often made excursions into England for booty and in which the Inhabitants on both sides a pleasant fight and sport hunt Salmons Salmoâ— whereof there is great plenty with spears on horseback or if you had rather call it so fish for them What manner of Cattle-stealers they are that inhabit these Valleys in the Marches of both Kingdoms John Lesley a Scotchman himself and Bishop of Ross will inform you They sally out of their own borders in the night in troops through unfrequented by-ways and many intricate windings All the day time they refresh themselves and their horses in lurking holes they had pitch'd upon before till they arrive in the dark at those places they have a design upon As soon as they have seized upon the booty they in like manner return home in the night thro' blind ways and fetching many a compass The more skilful any Captain is to pass through those wild Desarts crooked turnings and deep precipices in the thickest mists and darkness his reputation is the greater and he is looked upon as a man of an excellent head And they are so very cunning that they seldom have their booty taken from them unless sometimes when by the help of Bloud-hounds following them exactly upon the track they may chance to fall into the hands of their adversaries When being taken they have so much persuasive Eloquence and so many smooth insinuating words at command that if they do not move their Judges nay and even their Adversaries notwithstanding the severity of their natures to have mercy yet they incite them to admiration and compassion c Additions to the SELGOVAE a THree of those branches which our Author makes part of the ancient Selgovae viz. Eusdale Eskdale and Lidesdale are reckoned part of the Shire of Rosburgh That the Horesti mention'd by Tacitus were seated in the habitations of the second of these as our Author conjectures is not by any means probable if we consider the circumstances of that Action It was in the latter end of his Government that he led his Forces against them whereas we find that even in his fourth year all to the South of that neck of land between the two Friths was added to the Roman Province so that we must go further northward to seek for them And Tacitus himself in effect forbids us to look after them hereabouts when he says that the people against whom Agricola was then fighting were the Populi Caledoniam incolentes and Novae Gentes namely those beyond the Friths who by the fortification of that neck of land were Semoti velut in aliam insulam i.e. Driven as it were into another Island So that if the relation the Horesti may have to Esk be of any moment it would better suit the people dwelling between South-Esk and North-Esk in Angus But that name really seems to imply no more than 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Mountaineers or High-landers b The other two Branches Annandale and Nidisdale to which we may also add Wachopdale make up the Shire of DUMFRISE â—â—ire of â—â—â—frise taking its name from from the chief burgh of the Shire On the west it hath Galloway and Kyle on the east 't is bounded with Solway-Frith and the March of Scotland and England on the north with part of Clidsdale Twedale and Tiviotdale and on the South with the Irish-sea From west to south-east 't is about fifty miles long and in breadth about thirty four The Inhabitants were a stout warlike People in former times the bulwark of the Kingdom The soil generally is not so good for corn as pasturage so that they deal mostly in Cows and Sheep which turn to considerable gain c ANANDALE Anandale runs in a streight line from west to east about twenty four miles in length and fourteen in breadth Their tradition about the Lough-Maban mentioned by our Author is that a Castle stood formerly in the middle of it that which now stands upon the brink is going to decay The town of Logh-Maban Logh-Maban is a Royal burgh situate upon the south side of the water of Anan in the middle of the Country Near the source of which river stands Moffet Moffet famous for its medicinal-well Between Anandale and Eskdale lyeth WACHOPDALE Wachopdale so called from the water of Wachop running through it and is much of the same nature with the adjacent Countries already described The most ancient monument remarkable hereabouts is St. Ruth's Church where is a Pillar curiously engraven with some Inscription upon it Near this place the people have a way of making salt of Sea-sand and the salt is something bitterish which probably proceeds from the niter in it Another branch of Dumfrise is NIDISDALE Nidisdale encompassed with a ridge of Hills on all sides and in the bottoms has abundance of Corn. It is divided into the Overward containing the Parishes in the Presbytery of Penpont and the Netherward containing those of Dumfrise Presbytery Here Sanchar Sanchar is famous for its Castle the residence of the Duke of Queensbury who hath built a noble house at Drumlanerick and is now adorning it with stately avenues gardens and Terras-walks Within this tract also is Dumfrise Dumfrise upon the river Nith over which there is a stone bridge of nine arches The streets are large and the Church and Castle very stately For the convenience of Trade which is much helpt by the tide flowing up to the town and making a harbor they have an Exchange for the Merchants NOVANTES NExt to Nidisdale the Novantes inhabited that tract in the Valleys which spreads it self a great way towards the West yet so hollow'd with Creeks that now and then it is streightned into a narrow breadth and again at the farthest end loosens and widens it self out with greater liberty whence some have call'd it the Chersonessus or Peninsula of the Novantes But now their Country contains Galloway Carick Kyle and Cunningham GALLOWAY GAlloway â—â—â—lâ—way in Latin writers of the middle age Galwallia and Gallovidia taking its name from the Irish who were its ancient inhabitants and called themselves short in their own language Gael is a hilly Country better for feeding of Cattle than bearing of Corn. The Inhabitants follow Fishing as well in the sea round about as in the rivers and loughs that stand every where under the hills in which about September they catch an incredible number of excellent Eels in their * Weeles â—â—ircipuâ—â—â—â—â—loway by which they are no less gainers than by their little truss Naggs â—â—ggs which upon account of the compactness of their bodies and their enduring of labour are much bought up here 〈◊〉 River Amongst these the first place that presents it self upon
place of note here perhaps Aire Aire which is a Sheriffdom a little Mart and a well known Port upon a river of the same name * See 〈◊〉 of it iâ— Additâ—ons Concerning which I can meet with nothing better worth my writing than these Verses sent me by Mr. Johnston Parva urbs ast ingens animus in fortibus haeret Inferior nulli nobilitate virum Aëris è campis haurit purissima coelum Incubat miti mollior aura solo Aëria hinc non Aera priùs credo illa vocata est Cum duris quid enim mollia juris habent Infera cum superis quod si componere fas èst Aurea fo rs dici debuit illa prius Small is the town but of great Souls is prowd For courage fam'd and sons of noble blood From th' happy clime pure draughts of air descend And gentle breezes bless the fruitful land Old times if Poets have a right to guess Not Aeria but Aëria call'd the place Rough brass could ne're such soft delights express If I so high might raise my noble theme I 'd swear that Aurea was the ancient name Besides the River Aire there are two other Rivulets that water this small Territory having many little villages scattering upon their banks Lougar upon which the Crawfords and Cesnock upon which the Cambells have their residence noted families in this tract upon whose bank is also Uchiltre-Castle Uchiltre or Ochiltre the Seat of the Stewarts of the blood Royal as descending from the Dukes of Albany hence stiled Barons of Uchiltre of which House was that Robert Stewart the inseparable companion of the Prince of Conde who was kill'd with him in a battle in France Cambel of Louden enjoys the honour of Hereditary Bailiff of this Kyle CVNNINGHAM TO Kyle upon the West and North is joyned Cunningham and so hems in the same Bay that it streightens its hitherto expatiating breadth The name signifies as much as the King's habitation whence you may conjecture its pleasantness It is water'd by the Irwin which divides it from Kyle at the head almost of which river we have a sight of Kilmarnock the Seat of the Barons Boids 〈…〉 In the reign of King James the third Thomas one of these was by a gale of Court-favor advanced to the authority of Regent and Robert his Son to the Honour of Earl of Arran and a marriage with the King's Sister But upon the same gale's blowing contrary they were adjudged enemies to the State Robert had his Wife taken from him and given to James Hamilton their Estates were confiscated and stript of all by the inconstancy of fortune they died in exile Yet their posterity recover'd the ancient honour of Barons and enjoy it at this day Upon the mouth of the river Irwin stands 〈◊〉 e It hath a Viscount of the family of Ingram a Borough with a Port so choaked up with banks of sand and so shallow that it is only capable of small Vessels Higher up stands Ardrossan â—â—â—â—â—ssan a Castle of the Montgomeries hanging as it were over the bay this is an ancient and noble family which can shew as a proof of their Marshal valour Poununy-Castle built out of the ransom-money of Henry Percy sirnamed Hotspur whom J. Montgomery took with his own hand in the Battle at Otterburne and brought away Prisoner Not far from Ardrossan is Largis embru'd in the blood of the Norwegians by King Alexander the third From whence following the winding of the shore we meet with Eglington-Castle once possessed by Gentlemen of that name from whom it descended to the Montgomeries Montgomeries who take hence the title of Earls of Eglington Earls of Eglington But whence this Sirname came is hard to guess That out of Normandy it came into England and that there were several Families of that name I am satisfied But that in Essex from which Sir Thomas Montgomery Knight of the Garter in the reign of Edward the fourth was descended gave Arms but a little different from these But this noble House hath dilated it self very much and out of those of Gevan was that Gabriel de Lorges called Earl of Montgomery Captain of the Scotch Guard du Corps The Scotch Guard du Corps in France that was instituted by Charles the fifth King of France for a Guard to him and his Successors as a signal mark of their fidelity and favour who in a Tournament slew Henry the second King of France with a Splinter of his Spear which his Beaver chancing to be up penetrated through the eye into his brain Afterwards taking part with the Huguenots in the Civil wars of France he was intercepted and beheaded But the Family of the Cunninghams is accounted the most numerous in this Tract the head whereof the Earl of Glencairn Cunninghams Earls of Glencairn hath a Seat at Kilmauris and derives his descent out of England from an English Gentleman who together with others murdered Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury How true this is I know not but perhaps it may be grounded upon a probable conjecture taken from an Archbishop's Pall which they give in their Coat of Arms. b The Island GLOTTA or ARRAN WIthin sight of Cunningham amongst many other Islands Glotta is of greatest eminence an Island mentioned by Antonine the Emperor in the very Frith of the river Glotta or Clyde called at this day from a Castle of the same name Arran The innermost parts are wholly mountainous but the bottoms along the shore are well inhabited The first Earl it had â—â—â—â—s of â—â—â—on that I ever read of was Robert Boid whose wife and Earldom together upon Boid's being banished the Kingdom James Hamilton as I mentioned before obtained and his Posterity have enjoyed the same saving that of late James Steward appointed Guardian to James Hamilton Earl of Arran when he was so defective in his understanding that he could not manage his Estate took this Title in the right of being guardian Near unto this stands Buthe called from a little Religious Cell founded by Brendanus for so in Scotch the call a Cell which has a Sheriff of the Family of the Stewarts In this Island is Rothesay-Castle which gives the Title of Duke to the eldest Son of the King of Scotland who is born Prince of Scotland Duke of Rothsay and High Steward of Scotland ever since King Robert the third invested David his eldest Son Duke of Rothsay who was the first in Scotland that was honoured with the Title of Duke With which Title Queen Mary honoured Henry Lord Darley before she took him to be her Husband After this in the same Bay we have a sight of Hellen antiently Hellan-Leneow that is according to J. Fordon's interpretation The Saints Island the Hellan Tinoc that is the Island of Hogs with many others of less note Additions to the NOVANTES a THE Country of the Novantes is Galloway and the Sheriffdom of Aire Galloway hath upon
at Fereal and give him battle But the Earl prevented him by his speedy march having some information of the design for it is certain that some even of the Queen's Council were well-wishers to the Earl and his proceedings As soon as the Lord Deputy got back to Dublin he employ'd himself wholly in reviewing his troops and choosing out a detachment of old soldiers to be transported to Logh-Foil and Bala-Shannon near the mouth of the Lough Erne that by his garisons there he might annoy the enemy both in the flank and in the rear and also to reinforce his garisons in Lease and Ophaly a matter of no small danger and difficulty by reason of the enemy on all sides In the beginning of May the Lord Deputy took his march towards Ulster to divert the enemy on that side while 43 Sir Henry Henry Docwra might have opportunity to plant a garison at Logh-Foil and 44 Sir Matthew Morgan another at Bala-Shannon The Earl was so well diverted by the Lord Deputy who was daily engaging him in some little skirmish or other with good success that 45 Sir Henry Docwra and the other easily compassed their design and the Earl himself grew sensible of a change of fortune and that he would be beat back to his own corners The Lord Deputy having planted these garisons returned about the middle of June and sent into England for a supply of troops and provision that he might plant another garison at Armach on this side to straiten the Rebels In the mean time he made an expedition into Lease which was the refuge of all the rebels in Leinster and therein cut off Ony-Mac-Rory-Og chief of the family of O-More a most bloody desperate young fellow who had lately raised the commotions in Munster with many other such profligates and then having wasted their Country drove them into their woods and boggs in such consternation that they never made head again in those parts The supplies from England being now arrived though his Lordship laboured under the want both of money and provision and though the Equinox was past and winter begun already in this climate yet he set out again towards the passage of the Moyery three miles beyond Dundalk This passage is by nature the most difficult in Ireland but besides the Rebels had with great art and industry block'd it up with pallisadoes stakes hurdles stones and clots of earth as it lyes along between the hills woods and boggs on both sides and had also lin'd it with soldiers to secure it Moreover the weather was bad and the great fall of rain that had happened for some days together made the rivers impassable As soon as the waters fell the English opened their way through this passage with great courage and notwithstanding all these difficulties to incumber them beat back the enemy and marched forwards towards Armach which was quite devoured by the Rebels so that the Lord Deputy planted his garison eight miles from the town and in memory of 46 Sir John John Norris under whom his Lordship had first learned the rudiments of war called it Mount Norris committing it to the charge of E. Blany a man of great diligence and valor who gall'd the enemy sore on this side as 47 Sir Henry Henry Docwra did on the other and kept them in great awe Not to mention the particular skirmishes that daily happened in his return in the straits near Carlingford which the Rebels had blocked up he gave them a memorable defeat Some few days after though it was now mid winter the Lord Deputy to make the most of his time went into the 48 A secure Receptacle of Rebels Glynnes or the vallies of Leinster that had continued hitherto untouched having wasted the Country he forced Donel Spamoh Phelim Mac Feogh and the seditious race of the O-Tools to give hostages and submit After this he went on as far as Fereal and drove Tirell the best commander among the Rebels out of his strong hold or Fastnesses as they call them being boggy places beset with thick bushes into Ulster whither he pursued them with his victorious army by an indirect march In the first place he laid wast the territory of Ferney with the slaughter of the two sons of Evar Mac Cowly and did the like to Fues by a detachment under the command of 49 Sir Richard Richard Morison At the same time he sent 50 Sir Oliver Oliver Lambard to plant a garison in Breany and then turned towards Drogheda where he received such of the principal Rebels into his protection as submitted themselves namely Turlogh Mac Henry a Seignior in Fues Ever Mac Cowly O-Hanlon who has the honour to be Standard-bearer to the Kings of Ulster by inheritance and many of the Mac Mahons and O-Realies who gave up their dearest friends as hostages As soon as the spring came on the Lord Deputy before his forces were got together marched again to the Moyery cut down the woods that the way might be passable and erected a fort In this expedition he drove the Mac Genisses out of Lecal which they had usurped and reduc'd all the castles of the enemy as far as Armagh in which he also planted a garison Nay he advanced so far that the Earl who was well encamped upon Black water was obliged to remove and the Deputy design'd to erect a sort somewhat lower but received many letters of advice that the Spaniards were certainly landed in Munster as he had heard by flying reports before Upon this he was forced to desist for he was not now to defend Ireland from a civil war but from a foreign invasion However to secure what he had already gain'd he reinforced his garisons and set forward at the head of one or two 〈◊〉 troops of horse in great hast for Munster commanding his foot to follow him For while the Lord Deputy was imploy'd in Ulster the Earl and those of his party in Munster had by their agents viz. a certain Spaniard made Archbishop of Dublin by the Pope the Bishop of Clonfort the Bishop of Killalo and one Archer a Jesuit induced the King of Spain by their earnest prayers and intreaty to send a reinforcement to the Rebels in Munster under the conduct of John de D'Aquila with hopes that the whole Province would presently revolt and the titular Earl of Desmond as also Florens Mac-Carty would joyn them But the President 51 Sir George George Carew had took care to intercept and transport them into England D'Aquila landed at Kingsale in Munster with two thousand veterane Spaniards and some Irish fugitives on the last of October and forthwith published his Manifesto wherein he stiled himself Master General and Captain of His Catholick Majesty in the war of God for preserving the faith in Ireland perswading them that Queen Elizabeth was deprived of her Kingdom by the sentence of several Popes and all her subjects absolv'd from their allegiance
side there is an ancient fort and a dwelling house built at the charge of the Chamberlans for the fee farm of the Isle was granted by Queen Elizabeth to G. Chamberlane son to Sir Leonard Chamberlane of Sâ—â—rburne in Oxfordshire when he recovered it from the French And under this fort the sand with violent drifts from the Northwest overlaid the land so that now it serveth thereabout most for comes is hardly seven miles from the promontory Le Hague in Normandy and about eight miles in compass The soil is rich and produces both grass and corn very well The Island contains one church and about eighty houses I need hardly take notice of a gyants tooth found here The Gyâ—â—â—oorth 〈◊〉 civ 〈◊〉 l. 15. 〈◊〉 9. which was full as big as a mans fist since St. Austin says he has seen one so large that it might be cut into a hundred teeth as big as any ordinary mans From hence there runs a ridge of high rocks for some way to the westward which 3 Which have their several Eddies and therefore are dreaded c. are dreaded by the mariners who call them the Quasquettes 4 Out of one of the which properly named Casquet there gusheth a most sweet spring of frâ—sh water to the great comfort of the Island fishermen beating up and down hereabout At these to remember incidently that the memory of a well-deserving Patriot may not perish the fleet which John Philipot Citizen of London set forth and manned at his own private charges had a glorious victory over a rabble of Pirates who impeached all traffick taking their Captain and fifteen Spanish ships that consorted with them Which worthy man also maintained 1020 Soldiers at his own pay for the defence of the Realm against the French who sore infested the southern coast in the beginning of the reign of King Richard the second to omit his great loans to the King and other good and laudable offices to his country Under these southward lies Caesarea Câ—sarea mentioned by Antoninus hardly twelve miles distant which the French havve contracted in pronouncing just as they have done Caesaris Burgus in Normandy and as the Spaniards Caesaraugusta in Spain for they call it Gearzey â—â—â—rsey as they do Cherburgh for Caesaris Burgum and as Saragosa is generally spoke for Caesaraugusta Gregorius Turonensis call it Insula Maris quod Constantiae civitati adjacet i.e. the Island of the sea that lyeth to the City Constantia and tells us how Praetextatus Bishop of Roan was confined here Thus Papirius Massonius calls it Insula littoris Constantini because it lies over-against Constantia an old City which seems to be called in Ammianus Castra Constantia â—â—â—ra â—onstanâ—â—â—oritoâ—um and in former ages Moritonium for Robertus Montensis writes thus Comes Moritonii id est Constantiarum unless this be the gloss of the Librarian for Moritonium or Mortaigne as it is now call'd is more remote from the sea This Island is about thirty miles in compass and defended with rocks and quicksands which are shallow places dangerous for such as sail that way The soil is fertil so that the Isle has great plenty of fruit and good stocks of cattle and sheep many whereof carry b They have six horns three on each side one bent towards the nose another towards the neck and the third standing upright between the other two but these now are become very rare four horns The air is very wholesom the Inhabitants are subject to no distempers but * Agues Fevers and those in the month of September which therefore they call Settembers for this reason there are no Physitians to be found among them The Island affords very little fewel and therefore they use a sea-weed instead of wood which they term Uraic Uraic and which is supposed to be Pliny's Fucus marinus Fuâ—us Mâ—rinus produced very plentifully in rocks and craggy Islands This being dried in the sun serves for fire and after it is burnt the ashes is as good as marle or dung for manuring the fields and fallows and does as much enrich them But they are not to gather this but in the spring and in the summer and then only on certain days appointed by the Magistrate And at the times allowed they repair with their Cars to the shore or in boats to the neighbouring rocks with great joy and readiness However the poor people are permitted to take up all that the sea casts up of it for their own uses The midland part of this Isle is somewhat high and mountainous but the valleys under these hills are finely watered with brooks and very pleasant being planted with fruit-trees but apple-trees especially of which they make Cyder The villages stand thick and make in all twelve parishes which have the advantage of many fine creeks for ships the securest of which is that on the south-side of the Island S Hilarius between the towns of S. Hilary and S. Albans which harbour has also a little Isle belonging to it and therein a garison that cuts off all manner of access S. Hilary Bishop of Poictiers that was banished hither is said to be buried here For the town which is dedicated to his name lies just over-against the Island and is reckoned the chief both because of its trade and market and also upon the account of a Court of Justice which is fixed here On the east-side where it looks towards the City Constantia over-against it stands a very strong castle situated upon a steep rock called by the proud name of Mont-Orgueil repaired by Henry the 5th Mont Oâ—gue◠〈◊〉 iâ— to say A p oud thiâ—â— and commanded by the Governor of the Isle who was formerly stil'd The Keeper of the Isle and in Henry the 3d's time had a yearly Salary of 200 l. On the south but at greater distance lies S. Malo which takes this new name from Maclovius a man of great piety being formerly called the city Diablintum and Aletum Aletum in the old Notitia for in a Manuscript of Isiodorus Mercator it is expressly read Civitas Diablintum quae alio nomine Aletum i e The City Diablintum otherwise called Aletum The people apply themselves to fishing but especially to Agriculture The women make great gain by knitting hose which they call Gersey Stockes As for the State and Polity of this Isle whoever the King of England sends to govern it is the supream Magistrate He substitutes a Bailiff who with twelve Jurors chosen out of each parish by their respective parishioners to sit and assist him has the trial of pleas In capital causes he 's to have seven of these assessors with him in civil three only c A very particular account of the Island of Jersey is lately publish'd by Mr. Philip Falle Rector of S. Saviour in that Island Twenty miles north west of this lies another Island which Antoninus calls Sarnia Sarnia and we
Followers met together to concert what measures were to be taken against the Scots this Debate continued for a whole week and at last they came to no Resolution tho' their Army amounted to 30000 armed Men or thereabouts On Thursday in Easter-week Roger Mortimer arriv'd at Yoghall with the King's Commission for he was Chief Justice at that time and on the Monday following went in great haste to the Army having sent his Letters to Edmund Botiller who as it has been said was formerly Chief Justice to enterprise nothing before his Arrival against the Scots but before Mortimer got to the Camp he admonish'd Brus to retreat so in the Night Brus march'd towards Kildare and in the week after the English return'd home to their several Countries and the Ulster-Army came to Naas At the same time two Messengers were sent from Dublin to the King of England to give him an account of the state of Ireland and the delivery of Ulster and to take his Majesty's advice upon the whole At the same time likewise Roger Lord Mortimer Justiciary of Ireland and the Irish Nobility were met together at Kilkenny to consider how they might most conveniently proceed against Brus but came to no Resolution About a month after Easter Brus came with an Army within four Leagues or thereabouts of Trym under the covert of a certain Wood and there continu'd for about a week or more to refresh his Men who were almost undone with fatigue and hunger which occasion'd a great mortality among them Afterwards on S. Philip and James's-day the said Brus began his march towards Ulster and after the said feast Roger Lord Mortimer Chief Justice of Ireland came to Dublin with John Lord Wogan Sir Fulk Warin and thirty other Knights with their Retinue who held a Parliament with all the Nobility of the Kingdom at Kylmainan but came to no conclusion but about the delivery of the Earl of Ulster On the Sunday before the Ascension they held another Parliament at Dublin and there thc Earl of Ulster was deliver'd upon Mainprise Hostages and Oath which were That he should never by himself nor any of his Friends and Followers do or procure any mischief to the Citizens of Dublin for his apprehension save only what the Law allow'd him in those Cases against such Offenders whereupon he had till the Nativity of S. John allow'd him for that benefit but he came not Item This year Corn and other Victuals were exceeding dear Wheat was sold at three and twenty Shillings the Cranock and Wine for eight pence and the whole Country was in a manner laid waste by the Scots and those of Ulster Many House-keepers and such as were formerly able to relieve others were now reduc'd to Beggary themselves and great numbers famish'd The dearth and mortality was so severe that many of the Poor died At the same time Messengers arriv d at Dublin from England with Pardons to make use of as they should see fit but the Earl was deliver'd before they came And at the feast of Pentecost Mortimer Lord Chief Justice set forward for Drogheda from whence he went to Trym sending his Letters to the Lacies to repair to him but they refus'd the Summons with contempt Afterwards Sir Hugh Crofts Knight was sent to treat of a Peace with the Lacies but was unworthily slain by them After that the Lord Mortimer drew an Army together against the Lacies by which means their Goods Cattle and Treasures were all seiz'd many of their Followers cut off and they themselves drove into Conaught and ruin'd It was reported That Sir Walter Lacy went out as far as Ulster to seek Brus. Item About the feast of Pentecost the Lord Aumar Valence and his son were taken Prisoners in S. Cinere a Town in Flanders and convey'd from thence into Almain The same year on the Monday after the Nativity of S. John the Baptist a Parliament of the Nobility was held at Dublin by which the Earl of Ulster was acquitted who found Security and took his Oath to answer the King's writs and to fight against the King's Enemies both Scots and Irish Item On the feast of S. Process and Martinian Thomas Dover a resolute Pyrate was taken in a Sea-engagement by Sir John Athy and forty of his Men or thereabouts cut off his Head was brought by him to Dublin Item On the day of S. Thomas's Translation Sir Nicholas Balscot brought word from England That two Cardinals were come from the Court of Rome to conclude a Peace and that they had a Bull for excommunicating all such as should disturb or break the King's Peace Item On the Thursday next before the feast of S. Margaret Hugh and Walter Lacy were proclaim'd Felons and Traytors to their King for breaking out into war against his Majesty Item On the Sunday following Roger Lord Mortimer Chief Justice of Ireland march'd with his whole Army towards Drogheda At the same time the Ulster-men took a good Booty near Drogheda but the Inhabitants sallied out and retook it in this action Miles Cogan and his Brother were both slain and six other great Lords of Ulster were taken Prisoners and brought to the Castle of Dublin Afterwards Mortimer the Lord Chief Justice led his Army against O Fervill and commanded the Malpass to be cut down and all his Houses to be spoil d After this O Fervill submitted and gave Hostages Item Roger Lord Mortimer Chief Justice march'd towards Clony and empannell'd a Jury upon Sir John Blunt viz. White of Rathregan by this he was found guilty and was fin'd two hundred marks On Sunday after the feast of the Nativity of the blessed Marie Mortimer march'd with a great Army against the Irish of O Mayl and came to Glinsely where in a sharp Encounter many were slain on both sides but the Irish had the worst Soon after O Brynne came and submitted Whereupon Roger Mortimer return'd with his Men to Dublin-castle On S. Simon and Jude's-day the Archeboldes were permitted to enjoy the King's Peace upon the Mainprise of the Earl of Kildare At the feast of S. Hilary following a Parliament was held at Lincoln to conclude a Peace between the King the Earl of Lancaster and the Scots The Scots continued peaceable and quiet and the Archbishop of Dublin and the Earl of Ulster stay'd in England by the King's Order to attend that Parliament About the feast of Epiphany News came to Dublin That Hugh Canon Lord Chief Justice of the King's-bench was slain between Naas and Castle-Martin by Andrew Bermingham Item At the feast of the Purification of the blessed Virgin Mary came the Pope's Bulls whereupon Alexander Bicknor was confirm'd and consecrated Archbishop of Dublin and the Bulls were read and publish'd in Trinity-church Another Bull was read at the same time for establishing a Peace for two years between the King of England and Robert Brus King of Scotland But Brus refus'd to comply with it These things were thus transacted about the feast of
S. Valentine Item The Sunday following Roger Lord Mortimer came to Dublin and knighted John Mortimer and four of his Followers The same day he kept a great feast in the castle of Dublin Item Many Irish were slain in Conaght about this time by reason of a Quarrel between two of their great Lords The number of the slain amounted to about 4000 men on both sides After this a severe Vengeance fell upon the Ulster-men who had done great mischief during the depredations of the Scots here and eat Flesh in Lent without any manner of necessity for which sins they were at last reduc'd to such want that they eat one another so that of 10000 there remain'd but about 300 By which this does plainly appear to be God's vengeance upon them Item It was reported That some of the said Profligates were so pinch'd with Famine that they dug up Graves in Church-yards and after they had boil'd the Flesh in the Skull of the dead Body eat it up nay that some Women eat up their own Children to satisfie their craving Appetites MCCCXVIII On the 15. of Easter there came News from England That the Town of Berwick was betray'd and taken by the Scots Afterwards this same year Walter Islep the King's Treasurer in Ireland arriv'd here and brought Letters to Roger Lord Mortimer to attend the King Accordingly he did so substituting the Lord William Archbishop of Cashil Keeper of Ireland so that at one and the same time he was Chief Justice of Ireland Lord Chancellor and Archbishop Three weeks after Easter news came to Dublin That Richard Lord Clare and four Knights viz. Sir Henry Capell Sir Thomas Naas Sir James Caunton and Sir John Caunton as also Adam Apilgard with 80 Men more were all slain by O Brone and Mac-Carthy on the feast of S. Gordian and Epimachus The Lord Clare's Body was reported to be hewn in pieces out of pure malice But his Relicks were interr'd among the Friers-minors in Limerick Item On Sunday in Easter-month John Lacy was remov'd from Dublin-castle to Trym for his Trial His sentence was to be pinch'd in Diet and so he died in Prison Item On the Sunday before the Ascension Roger Lord Mortimer set sail for England but paid nothing for his Provisions having taken up in the City of Dublin and elsewhere as much as amounted to 1000 l. Item This year about the feast of S. John Baptist that Wheat which before was sold for 16 s. by the great mercy of God went now for 7. Oats sold for 5 s. and there was also great plenty of Wine Salt and Fish Nay about the feast of S. James there was Bread of new Corn a thing seldom or perhaps never before known in Ireland This was an instance of God's mercy and was owing to the prayers of the Poor and other faithful People Item On the Sunday after the feast of S. Michael news came to Dublin That Alexander Lord Bykenore Chief Justice of Ireland and Archbishop of Dublin was arriv'd at Yoghill On S. Denis's day he came to Dublin and was receiv'd by the Religious and Clergy as well as the Laity who went out in Processions to meet him Item On Saturday which happen'd to be the feast of Pope Calixtus a Battle was fought between the Scots and English of Ireland two leagues from Dundalk on the Scotch-side there were Edward Lord Brus who nam'd himself King of Ireland Philip Lord Moubray Walter Lord Sules Alan Lord Stewart with his three Brethren as also Sir Walter Lacy and Sir Robert and Aumar Lacy John Kermerdyne and Walter White with about 3000 others Against whom on the English-side there were the Lord John Bermingham Sir Richard Tuit Sir Miles Verdon Sir Hugh Tripton Sir Herbert Sutton Sir John Cusak Sir Edward and Sir William Bermingham and the Primate of Armagh who gave them Absolution besides Sir Walter Larpulk and John Maupas with about twenty more choice Soldiers and well arm'd who came from Drogheda The English gave the onset and broke into the Van of the Enemy with great vigour And in this Encounter the said John Maupas kill'd Edward Lord Brus valiantly and was afterwards found slain upon the Body of his Enemy The slain on the Scots side amounted to 2000 or thereabouts so thaâ— few of them escap'd besides Philip Lord Moubray who was also mortally wounded and Sir Hugh Lacy Sir Walter Lacy and some few more with them who with much ado got off Thiâ— Engagement was fought between Dundalk and Faghird Brus'â— Head was brought by the said John Lord Bermingham to thâ— K. of England who conferred the Earldom of Louth upon him and his Heirs male and gave him the Barony of Aterith One of hiâ— Quarters together with the Hands and Heart were carried tâ— Dublin and the other Quarters sent to other places MCCCXIX Roger Lord Mortimer return'd out of England and became Chief Justice of Ireland The same year on the feaâ—â— of All Saints came the Pope's Bull for excommunicating Roberâ— Brus King of Scotland The Town of Athisell and 〈◊〉 considerable part of the Country was burnt and wasted by John Lord Fitz-Thomas whole Brother to Moris Lord Fitz-Thomas John Bermingham aforesaid was this year created Earl of Louth Item The Stone-bridge of Kit-colyn was built by Master Moriâ— Jak Canon of the Cathedral Church of Kildare MCCCXX In the time of John XXII Pope and of Edward son to King Edward who was the 25 King from the coming oâ— S. Austin into England Alexander Bicknore being then Archbishop of Dublin was founded the University of Dublin Williaâ— Hardite a Frier-predicant was the first that took the degree oâ— Master Who also commenced Doctor of Divinity under thâ— same Archbishop Henry Cogry of the order of Friers minors was the second Master the third was William Rodyarâ— Dean of S. Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin who afteâ— commenc'd Doctor of the Canon law and was made the firâ—â— Chancellor of this University The fourth Person that went ouâ— Master in Divinity was Frier Edmund Kermerdyn Item Rogeâ— Mortimer the Chief Justice of Ireland went into England leavinâ— the Lord Thomas Fitz-John then Earl of Kildare his Deputy Item Edmund Lord Botiller went into England and so camâ— to S. James's Item Leghelyn-bridge was then built by Master Moris Jaâ— Canon of the Cathedral Church of Kildare MCCCXXI The O Conghors were sadly defeated at Balibogan on the Ninth of May by the People of Leinster and Meth Item Edmund Lord Botiller died in London and was burieâ— at Balygaveran in Ireland John Bermingham Earl of Lowth waâ— made Justiciary of Ireland John Wogan died also this year MCCCXXII Andrew Bermingham and Nicholas de la Lonâ— Knight were slain with many others by O Nalan on S. Michael's day MCCCXXIII A Truce was made between the King of Englanâ— and Robert Brus King of Scots for fourteen years Item Johâ— Darcy came Lord Chief Justice into Ireland Item Johâ— eldest son of Thomas Fitz-John Earl of Kildare died in the 9tâ—
College here A little higher upon Watlingstreet for so this Military way of the Romans is vulgarly call'd where there is a bridge of stone over the river Anker Manduessedum Manduessedum is seated a town of very great antiquity mention'd by Antoninus which having not yet altogether lost its name is call'd Mancester Mancester and in Ninnius's Catalogue Caer Mancegued Which name since a quarry of free-stone lies near it 't is probable was given it from the stone there digg'd and hew'd For in the Glossaries of the British tongue we learn that Main signifies a stone and Fosswad in the Provincial language digging which being joyn'd together seem aptly enough to express the name Manduessedum u But how great or of what note soever it was in those times 't is now a poor little village containing not above fourteen small houses and hath no other monument of Antiquity to shew but an old Fort which they call Old-bury i.e. an old Burrough w Atherston on the one side a well-frequented market where the Church of the 14 Augustine Friers Friers was converted into a Chapel which nevertheless acknowledges that of Mancester to be the Mother Church and Nonn-eaton on the other side have by their nearness reduc'd Mancester to what you see it Neighbour to Atherston is Meri-val Merival i.e. Merry-vale where Robert de Ferrers built and dedicated a Monastery to God and the blessed Virgin in which his body wrapp'd up in an Ox-hide lies interr'd Beyond these Northward lies Pollesworth Pollesworth where Modwena an Irish virgin fam'd for her wonderful piety built a Nunnery which Robert Marmion a Nobleman who had his castle in the neighbourhood at Stippershull repair'd x Hard by also in the Saxon times flourish'd a town of which there appear now but very small remains call'd Secandunum at this time Seckinton Seckinton where Aethelbald King of the Mercians in a civil war was assassinated by Bcornred Chron. Sax. Beared in the year 749 but in a little time he was cut off by King Offa by the same means falling from the throne by which he had impiously got it y To close the whole I must now give you a Catalogue of the Earls of Warwick Earls of Warwick And to pass over Guar Morindus Guy that Echo of England and many more of that stamp which the fruitful wits of those times brought forth at one birth Henry son of Roger de Bellomonte brother of Robert Earl of Mellent was the first Earl of the Norman race who marry'd Margaret daughter of Aernulph de Hesdin Earl of Perch a person of mighty power and authority Of this family there were who bore that honour Roger son of Henry William son of Roger who dy'd in the 30th of King Henry the second Walleran his brother Henry son of Walleranâ— Thomas his son who dy'd without issue in the 26th of Henry the third and his sister Margery surviving was Countess of Warwick and dy'd childless Her two husbands nevertheless first John Mareschal Plaâ—â—â—3 Rot â—34 then John de Plessets in right of their wife and by the favour of their Prince were rais'd to the honour of Earls of Warwick But these dying without any issue by Margery Walleran Margery's uncle by the father succeeded in the honour and he dying without issue Alice his sister came to the Inheritance Afterwards William her son call'd Male-doctus Malduit and Manduit de Hanslap who dy'd also without issue But Isabel his sister being marry'd to William de Bello Campo or Beauchamp Baron of Elmesly carry'd the Earldom into the family of the Beauchamps Who if I am not mistaken because they were descended from a daughter of Ursus de Abtot gave the Bear for their Cognisance and left it to their posterity Of this family there were six Earls and one Duke William the son of Isabel John Guy Thomas Thomas the younger Richard and lastly Henry to whom King Henry the sixth made a Grant without precedent That he should be primier Earl of all England and use this title Henry primier Earl of all England and Earl of Warwick Rot. Parâ— 23 Hen. â— He made him also King of the Isle of Wight afterwards created him Duke of Warwick and by the express words of his Patent granted that he should have place in Parliament and elsewhere next to the Duke of Norfolk and before the Duke of Buckingham He had but one daughter Anne 24 Hâ— who in the Inquisitions was stil'd Countess of Warwick and dy'd in her Infancy She was succeeded by Richard Nevill who had marry'd the daughter of the said Duke of Warwick a person of an invincible spirit but changeable and fickle in his Allegiance the very sport and tennis-ball of fortune Who altho' no King himself was yet superiour to Kings as being the person who depos'd Henry the sixth a most bountiful Prince to him and set up Edward the fourth in his place Afterwards he un-king'd him again re-establisht Henry the sixth in the Throne and involv'd the kingdom in the flames of a civil war which were not extinguisht but with his own blood 15 After his death Anne his wife by Act of Parliament was excluded and debarred from all her lands for ever and his two daughters heirs to him and heirs apparent to their mother being married to George Duke of Clarence and Richard Duke of Glocester were enabled to enjoy all the said lands in such wise as if the said Anne their mother were naturally dead Whereupon the name stile and title of Earl of Warwick and Sarisbury was granted to George Duke of Clarence who soon after was unnaturally dispatch'd by a sweet death in a Butt of Malvesey by his suspicious brother King Edw. 4. His young son Edward was stil'd Earl of Warwick and being but a very child was beheaded by King Henry 7. to secure himself and his posterity The death of this Edward our Ancestors accounted to be the full period and final end of the long lasting war between the two royal houses of Lancaster and York Wherein as they reckon'd from the 28th year of Henry 6. unto this being the 15th of Henry 7. there were 13 fields fought 3 Kings of England 1 Prince of Wales 12 Dukes 1 Marquis 18 Earls with one Vicount and 23 Barons besides Knights and Gentlemen lost their lives Edward son of one of his daughters by George Duke of Clarence succeeded whom Henry the seventh for neither youth nor innocence could protect him to secure himself and the line put to death The title of this Earldom which was become formidable to Henry the eighth by the great troubles Richard Nevil that scourge of Kings had created lay dormant till Edward the sixth gave it to John Dudley deriving a title from the Beauchamps He as the before mention'd Richard endeavouring to subvert the Government under Queen Mary had his boundless ambition punisht with the loss of his head But his sons first John whilst his father was
living and Duke of Northumberland by the courtesie of England made use of this title for some time and afterwards Ambrose a person most accomplisht in all heroick qualities and of a sweet disposition by the royal favour of Queen Elizabeth had in my time the title restor'd him 16 And his heirs males and for defect of them to Robert his brother and the heirs males â—f his body lawfully begotten maintain'd the honour with great applause and at last dy'd without issue 17 This Honour Ambrose bare with great commendation and died without children in the year 1589. shortâ—y â—fter his brother Robert Earl of Leicester In this County are 158 Parish-Churches ADDITIONS to WARWICKSHIRE THIS County at first sight should promise a considerable stock of Antiquities being almost encompass'd with old Roman ways which generally afford us the largest treasure Watlingstreet runs along the East-part Ykenild-street upon the West and both are cut by the Foss crossing it from South-west to North-east And had but Sir William Dugdale took the liberty of making larger digressions of that kind either in the body of his work as such places lay in his way or in the method which Dr. Plott has since us'd making such Antiquities an Appendix to his elaborate work we should probably have found the discoveries answerable to the appearance and that those ways would have contributed the same assistance to that search as they do in other Counties I dare not call it an omission because it did not so directly fall under his design but if it were those many excellent digressions he has given us concerning the nature and difference of Monastick orders consecrations of Churches and such like would make ample satisfaction However since we cannot compass the whole let us be content with what we have and accompany Mr. Camden to the several parts of this County a Only we must premise something of the condition of its two general branches Feldon and Wood land That the first was once exceeding populous may certainly be inferr'd from the numbers of villages enter'd in Domesday the situation whereof are now known only by their ruins or at most by a cottage or two of a Shepherd's who ranges over and manages as much ground as would have employ'd a dozen Teems and maintain'd forty or fifty families The reason of converting so much Tillage into Pasture in this part seems to be the great progress the Woodlanders have made in Agriculture by which means the County began to want Pasture For the Iron-works in the Counties round destroy'd such prodigious quantities of wood that they quickly lay the Country a little open and by degrees made room for the plough Whereupon the Inhabitants partly by their own industry and partly by the assistance of Marle and of other useful contrivances have turn'd so much of Wood and Heath-land into Tillage and Pasture that they produce corn cattel cheese and butter enough not only for their own use but also to furnish other Counties whereas within the memory of man they were supply'd with Corn c. from the Feldon b Feldon is recommended for the delicate prospect it affords from Edge-hill â—c â—hill but Edge-hill it self is since become much more considerable for that signal battel fought there between the King and Parliament Sept. 9. 1642. The generality of our Historians compute the number of the slain to have been five or six thousand but by the survey taken by Mr. Fisher Vicar of Kineton who was appointed by the Earl of Essex for that purpose the list of the slain amounted only to thirteen hundred and odd On the Noth-east corner of Edge-hill stands Ratley â—y call'd falsly by our Author Rodley it never appearing under that name only in Domesday-book it is indeed call'd Rotelei The fortification he mentions is not round but quadrangular and contains about 12 acres Near which within our memory were found a sword of brass and a battle-ax something of this kind our Author observes to have been discover'd at the foot of St. Michael's Mount in Cornwall The shape of the horse mention'd by our Author is on the side of Edge-hill and the trenches that form it are cleans'd and kept open by a neighbouring Freeholder who holds lands by that service c Kineton â—on cannot be as Mr. Camden would have it deriv'd from its market of kine because Henry 1. gave this Church under the name of Chinton to the Canons of Kenilworth â—â—de â—â—orth whereas the market was not granted till 4 Henr. 3. But 't is probable it had that name from being the possession of the Kings particularly of Edward the Confessor or William the Conquerour And to the North-west of the town at the point of a hill still call'd Castle-hill there has been a Castle as appears by a little mount cast up and a broad and deep ditch round it where tradition says King John kept his Court a Spring also at the foot of the hill goes at this day by the name of King John's well North-east from Kineton is Chadshunt Chadshunt one of the 24 towns given by Leofrick Earl of Mercia to the Monastery of Coventry in his Charter call'd Chaddesleyhunt and in Domesday Cedesleshunte 'T is probable it had that name from S. Chadde call'd also Cedde and Ceadde For in the Chapel yard was an ancient Oratory and in it as the Inhabitants report the Image of St. Chadde by reason of the resort of Pilgrims worth 16 l. per An. to the Priest Inquis capt 4. Eliz. Here is also a Well or Spring that still retains the name of Chad's well Not far from hence is Nether Ealendon Nether Ealendon which manour was held of Henry de Ferrers at the time of the Conquest and continues at this day in the hands of his posterity of the male-line such an uninterrupted succession of owners for so many ages as we seldom meet with Till Henry the third's time it was their principal seat then removing into Derbyshire they took the name of Shirley and the present Lord of this place is Sir Robert Shirley Baronet d More Eastward stands Wormleighton Wormleighton of which place Mr. Camden tells us Robert Spenser was created Baron by K. James 1. * Baronage Tom. 2. p. 418. Dugdale also says that Sir Robert Spenser son to Sir John and not Sir John as it is in some Editions of our Author was he upon whom K. James 1. on the 21th of July and first year of his reign conferr'd the dignity of a Baron under the title of Lord Spenser of Wormleighton whose grandson Henry Lord Spenser being advanc'd by K. Charles the first to the title of Earl of Sunderland and in arms for that Prince in the late civil wars lost his life in the first battel of Newbury e Next we go forward to Long-Ichingdon Long-Ichingdon so call'd from the river Ichene on which it stands †Dugdaâ— p. 230. and memorable for the