p._n 121._o viii_o of_o the_o original_a of_o testament_n and_o will_n and_o of_o their_o probate_n to_o who_o it_o it_o ancient_o belong_v p._n 127._o ix_o icenia_n sive_fw-la norfolciae_fw-la descriptio_fw-la topographica_n p._n 133._o x._o catalogus_fw-la comitum_fw-la marescallorum_fw-la angliae_fw-la p._n 165._o xi_o dissertatio_n de_fw-fr milite_fw-la p._n 172._o de_fw-fr aetate_fw-la militari_fw-la p._n 174._o de_fw-fr evocatis_fw-la ad_fw-la militiam_fw-la suscipiendam_fw-la p._n 175._o de_fw-fr modo_fw-la â—reandi_fw-la militem_fw-la honoratum_fw-la &_o primo_fw-la de_fw-la cingulo_fw-la militari_fw-la p._n 176._o qui_fw-la olim_fw-la fiebant_fw-la milites_fw-la p._n 179._o qui_fw-la possint_fw-la militem_fw-la facere_fw-la p._n 180._o judices_fw-la etiam_fw-la sub_fw-la appellatione_fw-la militum_fw-la censeri_fw-la scil_n equ_n esse_fw-la palatinos_n p._n 182._o de_fw-fr loco_fw-la &_o tempore_fw-la creationis_fw-la p._n 183._o de_fw-fr censu_fw-la militari_fw-la p._n 184._o modus_fw-la exauctorandi_fw-la militem_fw-la quod_fw-la degradare_fw-la nuncupatur_fw-la xii_o historia_fw-la familiae_fw-la de_fw-la sharnburn_n p._n 187._o xiii_o familiae_fw-la extraneorum_fw-la sive_fw-la lestrange_n accurata_fw-la descriptio_fw-la p._n 200._o fourteen_o a_o dialogue_n concern_v the_o coin_n of_o the_o kingdom_n particular_o what_o great_a treasure_n be_v exhaust_v from_o england_n by_o the_o usurp_a supremacy_n of_o rome_n p._n 203._o xv._n a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o place_n or_o dwelling_n of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n of_o this_o realm_n now_o or_o of_o former_a time_n in_o which_o their_o several_a owner_n have_v ordinary_a jurisdiction_n as_o if_o parcel_n of_o their_o diocese_n though_o they_o be_v situate_a within_o the_o precinct_n of_o another_o bishop_n diocese_n p._n 211._o the_o original_a growth_n propagation_n and_o condition_n of_o feud_n and_o tenor_n by_o knight-service_n in_o england_n chap._n i._n the_o occasion_n of_o this_o discourse_n and_o what_o a_o feud_n be_v in_o the_o great_a case_n of_o tenor_n upon_o the_o commission_n of_o defective_a title_n argue_v by_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o ireland_n and_o publish_v after_o their_o resolution_n by_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o lord_n deputy_n this_o year_n 1639._o it_o fall_v out_o upon_o the_o four_o point_n of_o the_o case_n to_o be_v affirm_v that_o tenor_n have_v their_o original_n in_o england_n before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o in_o pursuit_n of_o this_o assertion_n it_o be_v conclude_v that_o feud_n be_v then_o and_o there_o in_o use_n in_o proof_n hereof_o divers_a law_n and_o charter_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n and_o some_o other_o authority_n be_v there_o allege_v which_o be_v conceive_v to_o have_v clear_v that_o point_n it_o thus_o follow_v in_o the_o report_n p._n 35._o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v say_v that_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n be_v mistake_v who_o in_o his_o glossary_n verbo_fw-la feodum_fw-la refer_v the_o original_n of_o feud_n in_o england_n to_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o for_o a_o corollary_n p._n 38._o add_v these_o word_n neither_o be_v the_o bare_a conjecture_n of_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n sufficient_a to_o take_v away_o the_o force_n of_o these_o law_n vide_fw-la spelman_n in_o glossar_n verbo_fw-la feodum_fw-la be_v thus_o by_o way_n of_o voucher_n make_v a_o chief_a antagonist_n to_o the_o reverend_a opinion_n of_o these_o learned_a grave_a and_o honour_a judge_n i_o humble_o desire_v of_o they_o that_o write_v what_o i_o do_v so_o long_o ago_o and_o in_o a_o transitory_a passage_n among_o a_o thousand_o other_o obscure_a word_n not_o think_v then_o to_o be_v provoke_v to_o this_o account_n they_o will_v be_v please_v to_o pardon_v my_o mistake_n where_o they_o fall_v and_o to_o hear_v without_o offence_n what_o motive_n lead_v i_o to_o my_o conjecture_n which_o they_o speak_v of_o it_o be_v necessary_a therefore_o that_o first_o of_o all_o we_o make_v the_o question_n certain_a which_o in_o my_o understanding_n be_v not_o do_v in_o the_o report_n for_o it_o be_v not_o declare_v whether_o there_o be_v divers_a kind_n of_o feud_n or_o no_o nor_o what_o kind_n they_o be_v that_o be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n nor_o what_o kind_n those_o be_v that_o i_o conjecture_v to_o be_v bring_v in_o by_o the_o norman_a conqueror_n i_o will_v therefore_o follow_v the_o direction_n of_o the_o orator_n and_o fix_v the_o question_n upon_o the_o definition_n 〈◊〉_d a_o feud_n be_v say_v to_o be_v usus_fw-la fructâ—s_fw-la quidam_fw-la rei_fw-la immobilis_fw-la sub_fw-la conditione_n fidei_fw-la but_o this_o definition_n be_v of_o too_o large_a extent_n for_o such_o kind_n of_o feud_n as_o our_o question_n must_v consist_v upon_o for_o it_o include_v two_o member_n or_o species_n great_o differ_v one_o from_o the_o other_o the_o one_o temporary_a and_o revocable_a as_o those_o at_o will_n or_o for_o year_n liâ—e_z or_o life_n the_o other_o hereditary_a and_o perpetual_a as_o for_o temporary_a â—euâ—s_n which_o like_o wild_a figtree_n can_v yield_v none_o of_o the_o feodal_a fruit_n of_o wardship_n marriage_n relief_n etc._n etc._n unto_o their_o lord_n they_o belong_v nothing_o unto_o our_o argument_n nor_o shall_v i_o make_v other_o use_n in_o set_v of_o they_o forth_o than_o to_o assure_v the_o reader_n they_o be_v not_o those_o that_o our_o law_n take_v notice_n of_o to_o come_v therefore_o to_o our_o proper_a scheme_n let_v we_o see_v what_o that_o hereditary_a feud_n be_v whereupon_o our_o question_n must_v be_v fix_v for_o none_o but_o this_o can_v bear_v the_o feodal_a fruit_n we_o speak_v of_o wardship_n marriage_n etc._n etc._n 〈…〉_z seq_n a_o feud_n be_v a_o right_n which_o the_o vassal_n have_v in_o land_n or_o some_o immovable_a thing_n of_o his_o lord_n to_o use_v the_o same_o and_o take_v the_o profit_n thereof_o hereditary_o render_v unto_o his_o lord_n such_o feodal_a duty_n and_o service_n as_o belong_v to_o military_a tenure_n the_o mere_a propriety_n of_o the_o soil_n always_o remain_v unto_o the_o lord_n i_o call_v it_o as_o the_o feudist_n do_v jus_fw-la utendi_fw-la praedio_fw-la alieno_fw-la a_o right_a to_o use_v another_o man_n land_n not_o a_o property_n in_o it_o for_o in_o true_a feodal_a speech_n the_o tenant_n or_o vassal_n have_v nothing_o in_o the_o 178._o propriety_n of_o the_o soil_n itself_o but_o it_o remain_v entire_o unto_o the_o lord_n and_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o usual_a name_n which_o we_o now_o give_v it_o of_o the_o seignory_n so_o that_o the_o seignory_n and_o the_o feud_n be_v join_v together_o seem_v to_o make_v that_o absolute_a and_o complete_a estate_n of_o inheritance_n which_o the_o feudist_n in_o time_n of_o old_a call_v allodium_fw-la but_o this_o kind_n of_o feud_n we_o speak_v of_o and_o no_o other_o be_v that_o only_a whereof_o our_o law_n take_v notice_n though_o time_n have_v somewhat_o vary_v it_o from_o the_o first_o institution_n by_o draw_v the_o propriety_n of_o the_o soil_n from_o the_o lord_n unto_o the_o tenant_n and_o i_o both_o conceive_v and_o affirm_v under_o correction_n that_o this_o our_o kind_n of_o feud_n be_v perpetual_a and_o hereditary_a and_o subject_a to_o wardship_n marriage_n and_o relief_n with_o other_o feodal_a service_n be_v not_o in_o use_n among_o our_o saxon_n nor_o our_o law_n of_o tenor_n whereon_o they_o depend_v once_o know_v unto_o they_o as_o shall_v appear_v by_o that_o which_o hereafter_o follow_v chap._n ii_o the_o original_a growth_n and_o propagation_n of_o feud_n first_o in_o general_n then_o in_o england_n before_o i_o enter_v into_o the_o question_n in_o hand_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a for_o better_a understanding_n that_o which_o follow_v to_o set_v forth_o the_o original_n growth_n propagation_n and_o condition_n of_o feud_n in_o general_a which_o i_o conceive_v to_o be_v thus_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la lord_n and_o servant_n and_o those_o servant_n of_o two_o sort_n some_o to_o attend_v and_o guard_v the_o person_n of_o their_o lord_n upon_o all_o occasion_n in_o war_n and_o peace_n some_o to_o manure_v his_o land_n for_o the_o sustenance_n of_o he_o and_o his_o family_n when_o private_a family_n be_v draw_v into_o a_o kingdom_n the_o king_n themselves_o hold_v this_o distribution_n 〈◊〉_d example_n hereof_o be_v in_o all_o nation_n 2d_o king_n david_n well_o observe_v it_o in_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o israel_n where_o if_o such_o service_n have_v any_o show_n of_o feud_n or_o tenor_n we_o have_v a_o pattern_n for_o they_o all_o viz._n for_o that_o of_o francalmoine_n 23._o in_o the_o levite_n for_o knight-service_n tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o grand_a serjeanty_n 27._o in_o the_o military_a man_n which_o serve_v the_o king_n personal_o by_o monthly_a course_n for_o socage_n in_o those_o who_o david_n appoint_v to_o manure_v the_o field_n dress_v the_o vineyard_n the_o olive-tree_n the_o mulberry-tree_n and_o that_o have_v the_o care_n of_o the_o oil_n of_o the_o ox_n of_o the_o camel_n ass_n sheep_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o
carew_n contrary_a to_o a_o persuasion_n very_o common_a now_o adays_o that_o philosophy_n oratory_n poetry_n and_o the_o other_o exercise_n which_o take_v up_o the_o first_o four_o year_n in_o our_o university_n be_v altogether_o foreign_a to_o the_o business_n of_o lawyer_n and_o that_o the_o study_n of_o they_o be_v so_o much_o loss_n of_o time_n to_o gentleman_n design_v for_o that_o honourable_a profession_n inn._n after_o he_o have_v continue_v at_o home_n about_o a_o twelvemonth_n he_o be_v send_v to_o study_v the_o law_n at_o lincoln's-inn_n either_o with_o a_o design_n to_o practice_v it_o or_o which_o be_v more_o likely_a as_o a_o necessary_a accomplishment_n of_o a_o english_a gentleman_n there_o he_o stay_v almost_o three_o year_n but_o be_v then_o unhappy_o remove_v when_o we_o may_v imagine_v he_o begin_v to_o relish_v the_o law_n and_o in_o some_o measure_n to_o conquer_v the_o difficulty_n of_o it_o many_o year_n after_o we_o find_v he_o complain_v of_o his_o hard_a fortune_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o his_o glossary_n and_o he_o conclude_v his_o complaint_n with_o a_o character_n of_o the_o common-law_n which_o i_o will_v here_o transcribe_v for_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o profession_n excussit_fw-la i_o interea_fw-la è_fw-it clientela_fw-la sua_fw-la speak_v of_o the_o law_n gratiae_fw-la potestatis_fw-la dignitatis_fw-la immensaeque_fw-la apud_fw-la nos_fw-la largitrix_fw-la opulentiae_fw-la illa_fw-la inquam_fw-la vestitu_fw-la simplici_fw-la &_o inculto_fw-la sed_fw-la jurium_fw-la omnium_fw-la municipalium_fw-la absit_fw-la dictis_fw-la inuidia_fw-la nobilissima_fw-la domina_fw-la omni_fw-la utpote_fw-la justitia_fw-la moderamine_fw-la prudentia_fw-la sublimique_fw-la acumine_fw-la temere_fw-la licet_fw-la eam_fw-la perstrinxerit_fw-la hottomannus_n refertissima_fw-la marriage_n he_o be_v about_o twenty_o year_n of_o age_n and_o retire_v into_o the_o country_n marry_v the_o elder_a daughter_n and_o coheir_n of_o john_n le_fw-fr strange_n a_o gentleman_n of_o a_o ancient_a family_n in_o norfolk_n by_o this_o match_n he_o become_v guardian_n to_o sir_n hamon_n le_fw-fr strange_n during_o who_o minority_n he_o live_v at_o hunstanton_n the_o seat_n of_o that_o family_n and_o be_v 1_o high_a sheriff_n of_o norfolk_n by_o degree_n he_o begin_v to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o for_o his_o great_a prudence_n and_o ability_n and_o be_v according_o three_o several_a time_n send_v by_o the_o employment_n king_n into_o ireland_n upon_o public_a business_n at_o home_n he_o be_v appoint_v one_o of_o the_o commissioner_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o oppression_n of_o exact_v fee_n in_o all_o the_o court_n and_o office_n of_o england_n as_o well_o ecclesiastical_a as_o civil_a which_o a_o late_a 93._o author_n call_v a_o noble_a examination_n and_o full_a of_o justice_n to_o this_o business_n he_o give_v his_o constant_a attendance_n for_o many_o year_n together_o with_o great_a integrity_n and_o application_n and_o the_o government_n be_v so_o sensible_a of_o his_o good_a service_n that_o the_o council_n procure_v his_o majesty_n write_v of_o privy_a seal_n for_o 300l._o to_o be_v present_v to_o he_o not_o as_o a_o full_a recompense_n for_o so_o they_o declare_v but_o only_a as_o a_o occasional_a remembrance_n till_o they_o shall_v have_v a_o opportunity_n of_o do_v something_o for_o he_o that_o may_v be_v a_o more_o suitable_a consideration_n for_o his_o diligence_n in_o that_o and_o other_o public_a affair_n this_o attendance_n make_v he_o neglect_v his_o own_o private_a business_n to_o the_o great_a prejudice_n of_o his_o family_n as_o he_o himself_o seem_v to_o complain_v in_o his_o preface_n to_o the_o glossary_a and_o his_o elder_a son_n sir_n john_n spelman_n represent_v to_o the_o privy_a council_n how_o much_o his_o father_n estate_n have_v suffer_v by_o it_o appeal_n for_o a_o proof_n of_o his_o great_a pain_n therein_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o several_a of_o their_o lordship_n to_o the_o journal_o of_o that_o commission_n and_o to_o his_o paper_n and_o collection_n relate_v to_o the_o same_o knight_v i_o can_v give_v any_o particular_a account_n of_o the_o other_o public_a service_n wherein_o he_o be_v employ_v he_o be_v knight_v by_o k._n james_n who_o have_v a_o particular_a esteem_n for_o he_o as_o well_o on_o account_n of_o his_o know_a capacity_n for_o business_n as_o his_o great_a learning_n in_o many_o kind_n more_o especial_o in_o the_o law_n and_o antiquity_n of_o our_o nation_n these_o for_o a_o good_a part_n of_o his_o life_n he_o seem_v to_o have_v study_v for_o the_o service_n of_o his_o prince_n and_o his_o own_o diversion_n but_o not_o with_o a_o eye_n to_o any_o particular_a design_n london_n when_o he_o be_v about_o 50._o year_n of_o age_n he_o resolve_v to_o draw_v his_o affair_n into_o as_o narrow_a a_o compass_n as_o may_v be_v with_o a_o full_a design_n to_o bestow_v the_o remainder_n of_o his_o time_n among_o book_n and_o learned_a men._n with_o this_o resolution_n he_o sell_v his_o stock_n let_v his_o estate_n quit_v the_o country_n and_o settle_v in_o london_n with_o his_o wife_n and_o family_n his_o next_o business_n be_v gloss_n as_o he_o himself_o tell_v we_o to_o get_v together_o all_o such_o book_n and_o manuscript_n as_o concern_v the_o subject_n of_o antiquity_n whether_o foreign_a or_o domestic_a for_o in_o these_o inquiry_n he_o have_v ever_o have_v a_o particular_a delight_n and_o now_o be_v in_o a_o good_a measure_n free_v from_o the_o daily_a disturbance_n he_o be_v before_o expose_v to_o it_o be_v natural_a for_o he_o to_o fall_v into_o a_o study_n to_o which_o his_o own_o genius_n have_v always_o lead_v he_o historian_n it_o be_v likely_a he_o have_v then_o a_o good_a understanding_n of_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o mean_v the_o modern_a part_n of_o they_o such_o as_o be_v common_o use_v in_o the_o ordinary_a practice_n of_o it_o but_o such_o a_o general_a knowledge_n can_v not_o satisfy_v a_o mind_n so_o curious_a and_o a_o judgement_n so_o solid_a as_o he_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v in_o all_o his_o write_n these_o incline_v he_o to_o search_v into_o the_o reason_n and_o foundation_n of_o the_o law_n which_o he_o know_v be_v not_o to_o be_v learn_v but_o from_o the_o custom_n and_o history_n of_o our_o nation_n in_o all_o age_n nor_o these_o usage_n to_o be_v trace_v out_o but_o by_o a_o strict_a examination_n of_o the_o most_o ancient_a record_n and_o manuscript_n and_o as_o his_o own_o inclination_n lead_v he_o to_o this_o enquiry_n so_o not_o trouble_v himself_o with_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o law_n but_o content_a to_o live_v quiet_o upon_o his_o own_o estate_n he_o be_v perfect_o at_o leisure_n to_o pursue_v it_o and_o indeed_o as_o the_o best_a thing_n in_o this_o world_n be_v attend_v with_o inconvenience_n it_o be_v very_o much_o to_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o the_o law_n that_o those_o of_o the_o long_a robe_n who_o be_v best_a qualify_v to_o improve_v the_o knowledge_n of_o it_o from_o original_a record_n be_v so_o much_o take_v up_o with_o the_o business_n of_o their_o profession_n that_o they_o have_v little_a time_n to_o bestow_v upon_o those_o matter_n as_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n man_n who_o be_v bear_v to_o leasure_n and_o estate_n however_o inclinable_a they_o may_v be_v to_o the_o more_o polite_a part_n of_o learning_n do_v seldom_o care_v to_o engage_v in_o a_o study_n which_o at_o first_o sight_n seem_v to_o be_v so_o rough_a and_o tedious_a thus_o the_o one_o want_v leisure_n and_o the_o other_o resolution_n and_o so_o the_o monument_n of_o our_o forefather_n be_v neglect_v we_o be_v deprive_v of_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o useful_a knowledge_n that_o may_v be_v draw_v from_o they_o it_o be_v the_o happiness_n of_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n and_o much_o more_o of_o the_o english_a nation_n that_o he_o have_v both_o time_n and_o inclination_n to_o do_v it_o i_o mean_v to_o examine_v the_o ancient_a law_n and_o monument_n not_o only_o of_o our_o own_o but_o also_o of_o most_o other_o northern_a kingdom_n particular_o he_o be_v very_o well_o verse_v in_o the_o old_a feudal_n law_n and_o have_v show_v we_o in_o a_o discourse_n upon_o that_o head_n how_o most_o of_o the_o tenor_n here_o in_o england_n have_v their_o foundation_n from_o thence_o this_o near_a relation_n between_o their_o custom_n and_o our_o constitution_n make_v he_o oxon_n many_o time_n marvel_v that_o my_o lord_n cook_n adorn_v our_o law_n with_o so_o many_o flower_n of_o antiquity_n and_o foreign_a learning_n shall_v not_o turn_v aside_o into_o this_o field_n from_o whence_o so_o many_o root_n of_o our_o law_n have_v of_o old_a be_v take_v and_o transplant_v and_o i_o wish_v so_o he_o go_v on_o some_o worthy_a lawyer_n will_v read_v they_o diligent_o and_o show_v the_o several_a head_n from_o whence_o these_o of_o we_o be_v take_v they_o beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o only_o diligent_a but_o very_o curious_a in_o this_o kind_n but_o we_o
majesty_n will_v please_v to_o consider_v his_o son_n according_o the_o king_n send_v for_o mr._n spelman_n and_o with_o many_o expression_n of_o kindness_n immediate_o spelman_n confer_v on_o he_o the_o honour_n of_o knighthood_n after_o the_o civil_a war_n break_v out_o his_o majesty_n by_o a_o letter_n under_o his_o own_o hand_n command_v he_o from_o his_o own_o house_n in_o norfolk_n to_o give_v his_o attendance_n at_o oxford_n where_o he_o be_v oftentimes_o call_v to_o private_a council_n and_o employ_v to_o write_v several_a paper_n in_o vindication_n of_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o court_n but_o while_o he_o be_v thus_o attend_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o public_a and_o when_o these_o will_v give_v he_o leave_v his_o own_o private_a study_n he_o fall_v sick_a and_o die_v the_o 25._o of_o july_n 1643._o his_o funeral_n sermon_n by_o his_o majesty_n be_v special_a order_n be_v preach_v by_o archbishop_n usher_n a_o intimate_a acquaintance_n both_o of_o the_o father_n and_o son_n in_o the_o year_n 1640._o he_o have_v publish_v the_o saxon_a psalter_n from_o a_o ancient_a ms._n of_o sir_n henry_n which_o as_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o preface_n be_v a_o task_n enjoin_v he_o by_o his_o father_n he_o also_o write_v the_o life_n of_o king_n alfred_n in_o english_a which_o have_v lie_v several_a year_n in_o manuscript_n be_v at_o last_o translate_v into_o latin_a and_o publish_v in_o 1678._o with_o mr._n walker_n commentary_n upon_o it_o spelman_n clement_n spelman_n young_a son_n to_o sir_n henry_n be_v a_o councillor_n and_o make_v puny_a baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n upon_o the_o restoration_n of_o king_n charles_n ii_o he_o 2._o publish_v some_o piece_n relate_v to_o the_o government_n and_o a_o large_a preface_n to_o his_o father_n book_n de_fw-fr non_fw-la temerandis_fw-la ecclesiis_fw-la die_v in_o june_n 1679._o he_o be_v bury_v in_o st._n dunstan_n church_n in_o fleetstreet_n 〈…〉_z to_o return_v to_o sir_n henry_n he_o die_v in_o london_n at_o the_o house_n of_o sir_n ralph_n whitfeild_n his_o son-in-law_n be_v about_o 80._o year_n of_o age._n his_o body_n by_o the_o favour_n of_o king_n charles_n be_v appoint_v to_o be_v inter_v in_o westminster-abbey_n whither_o it_o be_v carry_v with_o great_a solemnity_n on_o the_o 24_o the_o of_o october_n 1641._o and_o bury_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o pillar_n over_o against_o mr._n camden_n monument_n the_o several_a discourse_n contain_a in_o this_o volume_n 1._o the_o original_a growth_n propagation_n and_o condition_n of_o feud_n and_o tenor_n by_o knight-service_n in_o england_n pag._n 1._o chap._n i._n the_o occasion_n of_o this_o discourse_n and_o what_o a_o feud_n be_v p._n 1._o chap._n ii_o the_o original_a growth_n and_o propagation_n of_o feud_n first_o in_o general_n then_o in_o england_n p._n 2._o chap._n iii_o that_o none_o of_o our_o feodal_n word_n nor_o word_n of_o tenure_n be_v find_v in_o any_o law_n or_o ancient_a charter_n of_o the_o saxon_n p._n 7._o chap._n iu._n of_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la more_o particular_o p._n 10._o chap._n v._o what_o degree_n and_o distinction_n of_o person_n be_v among_o the_o saxon_n and_o of_o what_o condition_n their_o land_n be_v p._n 11._o chap._n vi_o of_o earl_n among_o our_o saxon_n p._n 13._o chap._n vii_o of_o ceorl_n and_o that_o they_o be_v ordinary_o but_o as_o tenant_n at_o will_n or_o have_v land_n hold_v not_o by_o knight-service_n p._n 14._o chap._n viii_o of_o thanes_z and_o their_o several_a kind_n p._n 16._o chap._n ix_o charter_n of_o thaneland_n grant_v by_o saxon_a king_n not_o only_o without_o mention_n of_o tenure_n or_o feodal-service_n but_o with_o all_o immunity_n except_o expedition_n etc._n etc._n p._n 19_o chap._n x._o observation_n upon_o the_o precedent_n charter_n show_v that_o the_o thaneland_n or_o expedition_n be_v not_o feodal_n or_o do_v lie_v in_o tenure_n p._n 21._o chap._n xi_o more_o touch_v the_o freedom_n of_o thaneland_n out_o of_o doomsday_n p._n 23._o chap._n xii_o the_o fruit_n of_o feodal_n tenor_n and_o that_o they_o be_v not_o find_v among_o the_o saxon_n or_o not_o after_o our_o manner_n p._n 24._o chap._n xiii_o no_o profit_n of_o land_n by_o wardship_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n p._n 25._o chap._n fourteen_o no_o wardship_n in_o england_n among_o the_o saxon_n objection_n answer_v p._n 25._o caap._n xv._n no_o marriage_n of_o ward_n p._n 29._o chap._n xvi_o no_o livery_n no_o primer-seisin_a p._n 30._o chap._n xvii_o that_o relief_n whereon_o the_o report_n most_o rely_v be_v not_o in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n nor_o like_o their_o heriot_n p._n 31._o chap._n xviii_o difference_n between_o heriot_n and_o relief_n p._n 32._o chap._n xix_o no_o fine_n for_o licence_n of_o alienation_n p._n 33._o chap._n xx._n no_o feodal_n homage_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 34._o chap._n xxi_o what_o manner_n of_o fealty_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 34._o chap._n xxii_o no_o escuage_z among_o the_o saxon_n what_o in_o the_o empire_n p._n 36._o chap._n xxiii_o no_o feodal_n escheat_n of_o hereditary_a land_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 37._o chap._n xxiv_o thaneland_n and_o reveland_n what_o no_o mark_n of_o tenure_n but_o distinction_n of_o land-holders_n p._n 38._o chap._n xxv_o how_o the_o saxon_n hold_v their_o land_n and_o what_o oblige_v they_o to_o so_o many_o kind_n of_o service_n p._n 40._o chap._n xxvi_o the_o charter_n whereby_o oswald_n bishop_n of_o worcester_n dispose_v divers_a land_n of_o his_o church_n after_o the_o feodal_n manner_n of_o that_o time_n entitle_v indiculum_fw-la libertatis_fw-la de_fw-la oswalds-laws-hundred_n p._n 41._o chap._n xxvii_o inducement_n to_o the_o conclusion_n p._n 43._o chap._n xxviii_o the_o conclusion_n p._n 46._o ii_o of_o the_o ancient_a government_n of_o england_n p._n 49._o iii_o of_o parliament_n p._n 57_o iv._o the_o original_a of_o the_o four_o term_n of_o the_o year_n p._n 67._o the_o occasion_n of_o this_o discourse_n p._n 69._o sect_n i._o of_o the_o term_n in_o general_a p._n 71._o sect_n ii_o of_o the_o name_n of_o term_n ibid._n sect_n iii_o of_o the_o original_a of_o term_n or_o law-day_n p._n 73_o sect_n iv._o of_o the_o time_n assign_v to_o law-matter_n call_v the_o term_n ibid._n chap._n i._o of_o law-day_n among_o the_o ancient_n p._n 74._o chap._n ii_o of_o law-day_n among_o the_o roman_n use_v choice_a day_n p._n 75._o chap._n iii_o of_o law-day_n among_o the_o first_o christian_n use_v all_o time_n alike_o p._n 75._o chap._n iu._n how_o sunday_n come_v to_o be_v exempt_v p._n 76._o chap._n v._o how_o other_o festival_n and_o vacation-day_n be_v exempt_v ibid._n chap._n vi_o that_o our_o term_n take_v their_o original_n from_o the_o canon-law_n p._n 77._o chap._n vii_o the_o constitution_n of_o our_o saxon_a king_n in_o this_o matter_n ibid._n chap._n viii_o the_o constitution_n of_o canutus_n more_o particular_a p._n 78._o chap._n ix_o the_o constitution_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n most_o material_a p._n 79._o chap._n x._o the_o constitution_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n p._n 80._o chap._n xi_o what_o do_v by_o will._n rufus_n henry_n i._n k._n stephen_n and_o hen._n ii_o p._n 81._o chap._n xii_o the_o term_n lay_v out_o according_a to_o their_o ancient_a law_n p._n 82._o chap._n xiii_o easter-term_n p._n 83._o chap._n fourteen_o trinity-term_n p._n 84._o chap._n xv._n of_o michaelmass-term_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n p._n 85._o chap._n xvi_o the_o late_a constitution_n of_o the_o term_n p._n 86._o chap._n xvii_o how_o trinity_n term_n be_v alter_v and_o shorten_v p._n 87._o chap._n xviii_o how_n michaelmass-term_n be_v abbreviate_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 16._o car._n i._o cap._n 6._o p._n 81._o sect_n v._o other_o consideration_n concern_v termtime_n ibid._n chap._n i._n why_o the_o high-court_n sit_v not_o in_o the_o afternoon_n p._n 89._o chap._n ii_o why_o they_o sit_v not_o at_o all_o some_o day_n p._n 90._o chap._n iii_o why_o some_o law_n business_n may_v be_v do_v on_o day_n exempt_v p._n 93._o chap._n iu._n why_o the_o end_n of_o michaelmass-term_n be_v sometime_o hold_v in_o advent_n and_o of_o hilary_n in_o septuagesima_fw-la etc._n etc._n p._n 95._o chap._n v._o why_o assize_n be_v hold_v in_o lent_n ibid._n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o return_v p._n 96._o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o quarta_fw-la dies_fw-la post_fw-la p._n 97._o chap._n viii_o why_o there_o be_v so_o much_o canon_n and_o foreign_a law_n use_v in_o this_o discourse_n with_o a_o excursion_n into_o the_o original_n of_o our_o law_n p._n 98._o appendix_n p._n 104._o v._o a_o apology_n for_o archbishop_n abbot_n touch_v the_o death_n of_o peter_n hawkins_n the_o keeper_n wound_v in_o the_o park_n at_o bramsil_n july_n 24._o 1621._o p._n 107._o vi_o a_o answer_n to_o the_o say_a apology_n p._n 111._o vii_o letter_n and_o instrument_n relate_v to_o the_o kill_n of_o hawkins_n by_o the_o a._n b._n
have_v be_v in_o use_n among_o our_o saxon_n than_o it_o do_v in_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o they_o and_o enforce_v i_o thereby_o to_o the_o great_a labour_n in_o examine_v it_o and_o discover_v the_o contrary_a wardship_n touch_v the_o name_n wardship_n i_o confess_v it_o carry_v a_o saxon_a sound_n but_o from_o norman_a godfather_n with_o who_o gardiner_n signify_v the_o same_o that_o ward_n do_v with_o we_o and_o they_o bring_v this_o custom_n into_o england_n our_o english_a ancestor_n as_o in_o a_o multitude_n of_o other_o word_n change_v the_o norman_a g._n into_o a_o w._n and_o so_o make_v ward_n for_o guard_n and_o thereof_o wardship_n for_o gardship_n yet_o to_o this_o day_n we_o call_v he_o that_o have_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o ward_n after_o the_o norman_a manner_n his_o guardian_n not_o his_o warden_n but_o i_o find_v neither_o ward_n wardship_n nor_o warden_n in_o this_o sense_n in_o any_o saxon_a law_n charter_n or_o manuscript_n or_o any_o thing_n conduce_v to_o such_o signification_n the_o proof_n be_v in_o the_o affirmative_a lie_v on_o the_o other_o side_n yet_o do_v not_o the_o report_n produce_v one_o single_a case_n text_n or_o precedent_n to_o maintain_v their_o assertion_n but_o like_o pythagoras_n scholar_n rest_v whole_o upon_o ipse_fw-la dixit_fw-la such_o and_o such_o have_v say_v it_o and_o i_o be_o now_o turn_v over_o to_o those_o author_n judgement_n they_o have_v choose_v a_o right_a good_a foreman_n 1_o confess_z mr._n selden_n of_o who_o i_o say_v as_o she_o in_o ovid_n nomine_fw-la in_o hectoreo_fw-la pallida_fw-la semper_fw-la eram_fw-la but_o let_v we_o hear_v what_o he_o affirm_v according_a as_o the_o report_n conceive_v he_o where_o the_o word_n be_v thus_o 160._o that_o wardship_n be_v then_o viz._n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n in_o use_n and_o not_o bring_v in_o by_o the_o norman_n as_o mr._n cambden_n in_o his_o britt_n 179._o nor_o by_o henry_n iii_o as_o randolph_n hygden_n etc._n etc._n will_v persuade_v vid._n selden_n note_n to_o fortâ—scue_n 51._o the_o report_n say_v vide_fw-la and_o i_o say_v audi_fw-la mr._n selden_n to_o confute_v this_o opinion_n attribute_v to_o rand._n hygden_n use_v these_o word_n neither_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o wardship_n so_o new_a as_o r._n hygden_n in_o his_o polycronicon_fw-la or_o rather_o some_o other_o not_o understand_v he_o ignorant_o make_v it_o by_o suppose_v the_o beginning_n of_o it_o here_o under_o hen._n iii_o clear_o wardship_n be_v before_o or_o from_o the_o norman_n at_o least_o thus_o mr._n selden_n there_o may_v be_v some_o amphiboly_n in_o the_o word_n before_o as_o doubtful_a whether_o it_o shall_v relate_v to_o the_o norman_n or_o to_o hen._n iii_o but_o the_o occasion_n of_o his_o speech_n be_v to_o confute_v the_o opinion_n of_o they_o that_o do_v attribute_v the_o beginning_n of_o wardship_n to_o hen._n iii_o say_v that_o clear_o they_o be_v before_o and_o though_o he_o determine_v not_o how_o long_o before_o yet_o he_o conclude_v that_o from_o the_o norman_n at_o least_o cite_v glanvill_n to_o show_v they_o be_v in_o use_n in_o hen._n ii_n time_n and_o the_o grand_a custumer_n of_o normandy_n to_o fetch_v they_o high_o than_o so_o from_o the_o norman_n who_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o berhault_n that_o write_v the_o commentary_n to_o that_o custumary_n do_v first_o bring_v they_o into_o england_n mr._n selden_n god_n be_v thank_v be_v live_v to_o explain_v himself_o and_o i_o find_v by_o chance_n where_o he_o have_v do_v it_o full_o his_o word_n in_o the_o title_n of_o honour_n be_v thus_o 301._o these_o kind_n of_o military_a fiess_n or_o fee_n as_o we_o now_o have_v be_v not_o till_o the_o norman_n with_o who_o the_o custom_n of_o wardship_n in_o chivalry_n they_o begin_v not_o under_o hen._n iii_o as_o most_o ignorant_o r._n hygden_n the_o monk_n of_o chester_n and_o polydore_n tell_v you_o come_v into_o england_n and_o speak_v by_o and_o by_o of_o malcolm_n second_o king_n of_o scotland_n who_o die_v about_o twenty_o two_o year_n before_o the_o conquest_n he_o say_v but_o in_o this_o malcolme_n time_n wardship_n be_v not_o at_o all_o in_o england_n thus_o mr._n selden_n who_o they_o so_o often_o press_v against_o i_o out_o of_o ambiguous_a place_n be_v clear_o with_o i_o opinion_n their_o next_o authority_n to_o prove_v wardship_n to_o have_v be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n be_v say_v the_o report_n that_o among_o the_o privilege_n grant_v by_o edw._n the_o confessor_n to_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n we_o meet_v with_o this_o that_o their_o heir_n shall_v not_o be_v in_o ward_n for_o this_o they_o cite_v lambard_n perambulation_n of_o kent_n p._n 101._o but_o i_o demand_v oyer_n of_o the_o record_n and_o i_o very_o persuade_v myself_o nul_fw-fr tiel_n record_v nor_o in_o truth_n have_v lambard_n aver_v that_o there_o be_v lambard_n 124._o word_n be_v these_o the_o privilege_n of_o these_o port_n be_v first_o grant_v by_o edw._n the_o confessor_n and_o william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o then_o confirm_v and_o increase_v by_o william_n rufus_n hen._n ii_o rich._n i._o hen._n iii_o and_o king_n edw._n the_o first_o be_v great_a etc._n etc._n and_o in_o recite_v some_o of_o these_o privilege_n he_o tell_v we_o among_o the_o rest_n that_o they_o themselves_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n be_v exempt_v from_o all_o payment_n of_o subsidy_n and_o their_o heir_n free_v from_o wardship_n of_o body_n notwithstanding_o any_o tenure_n he_o do_v not_o say_v that_o this_o be_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n but_o that_o it_o be_v among_o the_o privilege_n grant_v by_o he_o and_o william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o then_o confirm_v and_o increase_v by_o the_o succeed_a king_n doubtless_o the_o word_n subsidy_n here_o mention_v in_o this_o sense_n be_v not_o in_o use_n either_o in_o the_o confessor_n or_o conqueror_n time_n nor_o in_o many_o year_n after_o till_o tax_n aid_n and_o tallage_n be_v grudge_v at_o and_o restrain_v i_o be_o therefore_o confident_a that_o this_o come_v in_o among_o the_o increase_a privilege_n afterward_o and_o it_o appear_v that_o mr._n lambard_n be_v not_o persuade_v that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o charter_n of_o the_o confessor_n time_n and_o therefore_o wave_v it_o seek_v the_o original_n of_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n no_o further_o than_o the_o conqueror_n why_o then_o do_v we_o father_n this_o upon_o the_o confessor_n especial_o see_v the_o charter_n of_o 1156._o anno_fw-la 6._o edw._n i._n wherein_o all_o the_o charter_n of_o the_o precedent_a king_n seem_v to_o be_v mention_v that_o of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n be_v not_o speak_v of_o charta_fw-la the_o three_o assertion_n be_v that_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o kent_n 37_o which_o be_v in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o tottil_n edition_n and_o in_o lambard_n perambulation_n there_o be_v a_o rule_n for_o the_o wardship_n of_o the_o heir_n in_o gavelkind_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v marry_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o those_o custom_n say_v of_o themselves_o that_o they_o be_v devant_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n e_fw-it en_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n the_o word_n in_o lambard_n be_v devant_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n e_fw-it en_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n e_fw-it toutes_fw-fr hour_n ieske_n en_fw-fr ca._n that_o be_v before_o the_o conquest_n and_o at_o the_o conquest_n and_o ever_o since_o till_o now_o which_o word_n now_o relate_v to_o the_o 2d_o of_o edw._n i._n there_o immediate_o before_o mention_v and_o to_o save_v the_o credit_n of_o the_o author_n must_v be_v favourable_o understand_v to_o be_v mean_v of_o such_o custom_n as_o be_v in_o use_n either_o before_o the_o conquest_n or_o at_o the_o conquest_n or_o at_o any_o time_n since_o in_o the_o disjunctive_a not_o in_o the_o aggregative_a for_o if_o it_o be_v take_v conjunctive_o then_o be_v it_o notorious_o false_a for_o some_o thing_n mention_v in_o it_o have_v their_o original_n under_o hen._n ii_o as_o the_o grand_a assize_n and_o justice_n of_o eyer_n 571._o whereof_o that_o of_o eyer_n be_v not_o institute_v till_o the_o council_n or_o parliament_n as_o we_o now_o call_v it_o of_o nottingham_n an._n dom._n 1176._o viz._n in_o the_o 22._o or_o 23._o of_o hen._n ii_o and_o for_o that_o of_o the_o grand_a assize_n it_o be_v express_o say_v in_o the_o custom_n that_o it_o be_v grant_v they_o by_o hen._n iii_o 584._o many_o other_o thing_n there_o be_v as_o the_o office_n of_o the_o crowner_n the_o manner_n of_o essoyn_v write_v of_o cessavit_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o i_o suppose_v be_v never_o hear_v of_o before_o the_o conquest_n but_o if_o you_o mark_v it_o the_o word_n in_o question_n viz._n devant_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n etc._n etc._n stand_v in_o lambard_n at_o a_o little_a more_o distance_n than_o the_o line_n precedent_n as_o if_o himself_o conceive_v they_o not_o to_o belong_v unto_o the_o
of_o a_o fine_a as_o be_v common_a in_o all_o case_n of_o feodal_n tenor_n empire_n this_o have_v some_o show_n of_o our_o escuage_z and_o may_v well_o have_v take_v that_o name_n from_o the_o manner_n of_o summons_n use_v in_o the_o empire_n which_o be_v by_o erect_v a_o post_n or_o pillar_n and_o hang_v a_o shield_n at_o the_o top_n thereof_o a_o herald_n proclaim_v that_o all_o who_o hold_v in_o this_o manner_n shall_v at_o such_o a_o day_n attend_v the_o emperor_n in_o his_o voyage_n to_o rome_n for_o take_v the_o crown_n of_o italy_n or_o king_n of_o roman_n which_o the_o ligurine_a poet_n thus_o express_v 301._o ligno_fw-la suspenditur_fw-la alte_fw-la erecto_fw-la clypeus_fw-la tunc_fw-la praeco_fw-la regius_fw-la omnes_fw-la convocat_n a_o dominis_fw-la feudalia_fw-la jura_fw-la tenentes_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o our_o glossary_a verbo_fw-la feudum_fw-la he_o use_v clypeus_fw-la for_o a_o shield_n instead_o of_o scutum_fw-la and_o from_o this_o shield_n i_o say_v it_o may_v well_o be_v call_v scutagium_fw-la as_o also_o from_o the_o service_n perform_v in_o it_o cum_fw-la hasta_fw-la &_o scuto_fw-la yet_o this_o summons_n be_v not_o call_v schiltbannum_n but_o heribannum_fw-la that_o be_v indictio_fw-la exercitus_fw-la not_o indictio_fw-la sâ—uti_fw-la but_o to_o keep_v near_o the_o matter_n first_o our_o saxon_n neither_o use_v the_o name_n nor_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o norman_a escuage_z for_o they_o call_v their_o go_v to_o war_n upon_o legal_a summons_n firdfare_n and_o utfare_n in_o latin_a expeditionem_fw-la and_o profectionem_fw-la second_o they_o be_v not_o tie_v to_o any_o definite_a time_n of_o abode_n as_o for_o forty_o day_n or_o more_o or_o less_o but_o as_o the_o law_n say_v 10._o sÆ¿a_o a_o ðon_n ðearf_n sy_n for_o gemeneâ—â—â—re_a neode_n so_o as_o need_v shall_v require_v for_o common_a necessity_n three_o the_o mulct_n or_o forfeiture_n that_o the_o tenant_n in_o escuage_z incur_v for_o not_o go_v forth_o upon_o that_o summons_n be_v uncertain_a among_o the_o norman_n and_o we_o till_o the_o parliament_n assign_v it_o but_o among_o the_o saxon_n he_o that_o offend_v in_o ferdwite_n that_o be_v in_o not_o go_v forth_o in_o the_o expedition_n be_v certain_o fine_v at_o 120_o 13._o four_o whereas_o every_o lord_n among_o we_o have_v the_o fine_a assess_v by_o parliament_n of_o his_o own_o tenant_n for_o the_o land_n hold_v of_o himself_o the_o king_n among_o the_o saxon_n have_v the_o fine_a aforesaid_a of_o every_o delinquent_n who_o tenant_n or_o follower_n soever_o he_o be_v by_o all_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o the_o west-saxon_a law_n by_o the_o mercian_n and_o by_o the_o dane_n law_n though_o otherwise_o they_o differ_v 69._o in_o their_o heriot_n and_o many_o particular_a custom_n so_o that_o to_o talk_v of_o escuage_z among_o the_o saxon_n be_v without_o all_o colour_n or_o probability_n as_o i_o take_v it_o chap._n xxiii_o no_o feodal_n escheat_n of_o hereditary_a land_n among_o the_o saxon_n escheat_n escheat_n of_o eschoeir_n in_o french_a signify_v thing_n come_v accidental_o as_o on_o the_o by_o or_o by_o chance_n the_o fâ—odists_n therefore_o call_v they_o caduca_fw-la a_fw-la cadendo_fw-la and_o excadentias_fw-la the_o black_a book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n escaetas_n excidentia_fw-la and_o excadentia_fw-la but_o among_o our_o saxon_n i_o find_v no_o word_n to_o express_v they_o either_o proper_o or_o paraphrastical_o in_o our_o law_n they_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n regal_a escheat_n and_o feodal_n regal_a be_v those_o obvention_n and_o forfeiture_n which_o belong_v general_o to_o king_n by_o the_o ancient_a right_n of_o their_o crown_n and_o supreme_a dignity_n thus_o king_n david_n give_v the_o land_n of_o mephibosheth_n accuse_v of_o treason_n unto_o ziba_n though_o too_o hasty_o feodal_n be_v those_o which_o accrue_v to_o every_o feodal_n lord_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o king_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o seignory_n and_o of_o all_o the_o fruit_n of_o tenure_n none_o so_o great_a as_o this_o if_o we_o may_v call_v it_o a_o fruit_n where_o the_o feud_n or_o tree_n itself_o result_v back_o unto_o the_o lord_n let_v we_o see_v therefore_o if_o we_o find_v any_o of_o these_o feodal_n escheat_n among_o the_o saxon_n examine_v there_o be_v a_o shrewd_a text_n i_o confess_v in_o canutus_n his_o law_n qui_fw-la fugiet_fw-la à _fw-la domino_fw-la svo_fw-la vel_fw-la socio_fw-la pro_fw-la timiditate_fw-la in_o expeditione_n navali_fw-la vel_fw-la terrestri_fw-la perdat_fw-la omne_fw-la quod_fw-la suum_fw-la est_fw-la &_o svam_fw-la ipsius_fw-la vitam_fw-la &_o manus_fw-la mittat_fw-la dominus_fw-la ad_fw-la terram_fw-la quam_fw-la ei_fw-la dederat_fw-la &_o si_fw-la terram_fw-la haereditariam_fw-la habeat_fw-la ipsa_fw-la in_o manum_fw-la regis_fw-la transeat_fw-la here_o be_v the_o appearance_n of_o a_o tenure_n of_o a_o feud_n of_o a_o forfeiture_n and_o of_o a_o escheat_n the_o tenure_n lie_v between_o the_o lord_n and_o his_o fugitive_a vassal_n who_o the_o saxon_n and_o german_n call_v his_o man_n we_o his_o tenant_n the_o feud_n in_o the_o land_n quam_fw-la dâ—mâ—nus_fw-la â—i_fw-la dederat_fw-la the_o forfeiture_n in_o fugiendo_fw-la in_o the_o vassal_n run_v away_o and_o the_o escheat_n in_o the_o lord_n be_v seize_v of_o the_o land_n manus_fw-la mittat_fw-la dominus_fw-la in_o terram_fw-la quam_fw-la ei_fw-la dederat_fw-la let_v the_o lord_n take_v back_o the_o estate_n which_o he_o give_v in_o the_o temporary_a feud_n but_o for_o the_o hereditary_a land_n he_o say_v transeat_fw-la non_fw-la redeat_fw-la in_fw-la manum_fw-la regis_fw-la all_o this_o be_v nothing_o in_o our_o case_n for_o i_o declare_v in_o the_o beginning_n that_o our_o question_n be_v fix_v upon_o such_o feud_n as_o the_o law_n of_o england_n take_v notice_n of_o at_o this_o day_n that_o be_v of_o feud_n after_o they_o be_v become_v hereditary_a and_o perpetual_a not_o of_o those_o mention_v by_o gerardus_n niger_n which_o be_v temporary_a as_o at_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o for_o year_n or_o for_o life_n like_v they_o here_o intend_v by_o canutus_n this_o very_a law_n observe_v the_o difference_n and_o discover_v also_o that_o feud_n be_v not_o hereditary_a in_o his_o time_n and_o therefore_o give_v the_o feodal_a land_n be_v but_o a_o temporary_a estate_n back_o unto_o the_o lord_n in_o who_o the_o reversion_n be_v by_o inheritance_n as_o a_o feodal_n right_n but_o give_v the_o hereditary_a land_n unto_o the_o king_n as_o a_o regal_a escheat_n for_o that_o there_o be_v no_o mean_a or_o intervenient_a lord_n to_o claim_v they_o by_o any_o feodal_a tenure_n for_o that_o the_o hereditary_a land_n among_o the_o saxon_n otherwise_o call_v bocland_n be_v hold_v of_o no_o body_n nor_o subject_n to_o any_o feodal_a service_n as_o we_o have_v often_o declare_v and_o can_v not_o therefore_o escheat_n unto_o any_o feodal_a lord_n the_o kentish_a custom_n of_o the_o father_n to_o the_o bough_n and_o the_o son_n to_o the_o plough_n suggest_v as_o much_o and_o show_v also_o to_o have_v be_v the_o general_a use_n of_o england_n till_o the_o conqueror_n introduce_v hereditary_a feud_n put_v upon_o we_o therewith_o these_o great_a feodal_n servitude_n of_o wardship_n marriage_n escheat_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o the_o hereditary_a land_n not_o be_v feodal_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n nor_o the_o feodal_a land_n hereditary_a there_o can_v then_o be_v no_o feodal_a escheat_n among_o they_o and_o i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v considerable_a whether_o the_o land_n resume_v by_o the_o lord_n upon_o his_o vassal's_n running_n away_o be_v proper_o a_o escheat_n by_o the_o law_n of_o canutus_n or_o rather_o a_o penalty_n only_o impose_v in_o this_o particular_a case_n chap._n xxiv_o thaneland_n and_o reveland_n what_o no_o mark_n of_o tenure_n but_o distinction_n of_o land-holders_n thaneland_n there_o be_v yet_o another_o assertion_n rather_o show_v than_o prove_v 34._o that_o the_o thani_fw-la majores_fw-la or_o king_n thanes_z hold_v by_o personal_a service_n of_o the_o king_n person_n by_o grand_a serjanty_n or_o knights-service_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o reason_n follow_v be_v that_o the_o land_n so_o hold_v be_v in_o those_o time_n call_v thaneland_n as_o land_v reveland_n hold_v in_o socage_n be_v call_v reveland_n so_o frequent_o in_o doomsday_n 〈…〉_z haec_fw-la terra_fw-la fuit_fw-la terra_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la thainland_n sed_fw-la postea_fw-la conversa_fw-la est_fw-la in_o reveland_n coke_n instit_n §_n 117._o thus_o the_o report_n discharge_v itself_o upon_o my_o lord_n coke_n who_o word_n be_v these_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o book_n of_o doomsday_n land_n hold_v by_o knights-service_n be_v call_v thainland_n and_o land_n hold_v by_o socage_n be_v call_v reveland_n i_o reverence_v the_o opinion_n of_o that_o famous_a lawyer_n with_o admiration_n but_o i_o suppose_v he_o speak_v not_o this_o ex_fw-la tripod_n juridico_fw-la for_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o it_o and_o that_o which_o be_v before_o deliver_v out_o of_o the_o
another_o as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o france_n itself_o when_o the_o roman_a emperor_n grow_v potent_a in_o germany_n and_o the_o german_a prince_n come_v to_o be_v emperor_n the_o german_n general_o forsake_v their_o ancient_a custom_n speak_v of_o by_o tacitus_n and_o receive_v the_o roman_a law_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o angli_fw-la that_o remain_v in_o germany_n and_o come_v not_o over_o into_o england_n make_v a_o law_n 485._o about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 900._o that_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o a_o freeman_n to_o dispose_v his_o inheritance_n by_o will_n as_o he_o please_v 23._o the_o norman_n keep_v the_o old_a custom_n 414._o in_o part_n and_o leave_v it_o in_o the_o other_o part_n they_o suffer_v he_o that_o have_v neither_o wife_n nor_o child_n if_o he_o be_v twenty_o year_n old_a to_o make_v a_o will_n and_o bequeath_v his_o movable_a good_n as_o he_o list_v either_o to_o or_o from_o his_o kindred_n so_o likewise_o if_o he_o 420._o be_v marry_v and_o his_o wife_n dead_a have_v child_n 418._o he_o can_v dispose_v but_o of_o a_o three_o part_n and_o so_o may_v man_n or_o woman_n of_o 16._o year_n old_a but_o land_n which_o they_o according_a to_o the_o civilian_n call_v immovable_a good_n no_o man_n 415._o among_o they_o may_v dispose_v of_o by_o his_o will._n in_o some_o other_o part_n of_o france_n 412._o as_o in_o champain_n they_o dispose_v both_o movable_a and_o immovable_a that_o be_v good_n and_o land_n according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o civil_a law_n custom_n they_o call_v lex_fw-la romana_fw-la the_o other_o lex_fw-la barbara_n our_o saxon_a ancestor_n by_o direction_n of_o their_o clergy_n who_o chief_o affect_v the_o roman_a manner_n seem_v also_o to_o have_v observe_v the_o civil_a law_n in_o make_v of_o will_n both_o in_o substance_n for_o dispose_v land_n and_o good_n and_o much_o in_o the_o form_n and_o ceremony_n of_o make_v and_o publish_v the_o same_o as_o carolus_n magnus_n 31._o in_o france_n dispose_v the_o land_n of_o his_o great_a dominion_n between_o his_o three_o son_n lewis_z pepin_n and_o charles_n by_o his_o last_o will._n so_o by_o his_o example_n king_n ethelwulfus_n 22._o here_o divide_v his_o land_n by_o his_o will_n between_o his_o three_o son_n aethelbald_n aethelred_n and_o aelfred_n king_n aelfred_n predict_v in_o the_o like_a manner_n dispose_v both_o his_o land_n and_o good_n by_o his_o will_n now_o extant_a and_o many_o other_o saxon_n 130._o by_o their_o will_n in_o writing_n bequeath_v land_n and_o good_n with_o their_o body_n unto_o monastery_n that_o herein_o they_o follow_v the_o civil_a law_n be_v manifest_a by_o the_o saxon_a will_n of_o birtrick_n 492._o and_o elfâ—uith_n his_o wife_n make_v about_o the_o year_n 980._o according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o that_o time_n by_o they_o both_o joint_o first_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v make_v in_o calatis_fw-la comitiis_fw-la ut_fw-la that_o be_v in_o a_o assembly_n call_v together_o for_o that_o purpose_n then_o whereas_o the_o civil_a law_n cum_fw-la require_v necessary_o vii_o witness_n here_o be_v a_o dozen_o lest_o it_o may_v be_v defective_a in_o that_o one_o be_v a_o woman_n and_o autem_fw-la some_o other_o under_o age_n or_o bondman_n the_o disposition_n of_o land_n as_o well_o as_o of_o good_n be_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o therefore_o the_o course_n be_v more_o solemn_a which_o also_o this_o well_o observe_v both_o for_o dispose_v land_n and_o good_n and_o also_o for_o the_o solemnity_n of_o the_o course_n but_o most_o evident_o it_o appear_v to_o be_v according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o that_o the_o man_n and_o his_o wife_n join_v both_o together_o in_o it_o which_o be_v neither_o in_o use_n nor_o resolve_v to_o be_v good_a till_o the_o novel_a constitution_n 4._o of_o theodosius_n and_o valentinian_n do_v authorise_v it_o after_o this_o constitution_n that_o kind_a of_o testament_n become_v so_o common_a that_o marculfus_n 17._o who_o live_v about_o the_o year_n 660._o have_v leave_v unto_o we_o a_o especial_a formula_fw-la or_o precedent_n of_o it_o as_o it_o be_v then_o in_o use_n in_o france_n and_o say_v in_o it_o that_o it_o be_v ut_fw-la romanae_fw-la legis_fw-la decrevit_fw-la authoritas_fw-la and_o conclude_v it_o with_o a_o imprecation_n or_o curse_n against_o such_o as_o shall_v violate_v it_o as_o do_v also_o the_o will_n of_o birtrick_n with_o the_o like_a solemnity_n of_o witness_n eight_o in_o number_n beside_o a_o lady_n do_v elfere_v another_o saxon_a before_o birtrick_n bequeath_v the_o town_n or_o land_n of_o snodland_n to_o the_o church_n of_o s._n andrews_n of_o the_o probate_n of_o will_n or_o testament_n after_o the_o will_n be_v thus_o compose_v the_o roman_a use_n quis_fw-la be_v to_o have_v the_o testator_n and_o witness_n to_o subscribe_v it_o then_o bind_v it_o up_o close_o with_o thread_n to_o seal_v it_o with_o their_o seal_n which_o upon_o produce_v of_o it_o they_o or_o many_o of_o they_o be_v to_o view_v and_o 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law_n whereto_o the_o gloss_n say_v tuitionem_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la apertionem_fw-la sc_fw-la coram_fw-la eo_fw-la non_fw-la apperiantur_fw-la sed_fw-la coram_fw-la magistro_fw-la census_n c._n de_fw-fr testam_fw-la l._n consulta_fw-la and_o though_o it_o add_v vel_fw-la dicatur_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la advocatus_fw-la ad_fw-la tuendum_fw-la testamentum_fw-la yet_o that_o seem_v a_o idle_a interpretation_n for_o though_o epiphanius_n make_v mention_v that_o bishop_n in_o old_a time_n judge_v cause_n yet_o it_o be_v never_o know_v that_o they_o plead_v cause_n but_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o clergyman_n in_o those_o day_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o prove_v will_n even_o in_o justinian_n time_n who_o flourish_v an._n dom._n 530._o and_o therefore_o he_o prohibit_v 354._o they_o not_o only_o by_o a_o constitution_n but_o also_o by_o a_o mulct_n of_o 50._o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n say_v absurdum_fw-la est_fw-la namque_fw-la si_fw-la promiscuis_fw-la actibus_fw-la rerum_fw-la turbentur_fw-la officia_fw-la &_o
reliquiae_fw-la spelmannianae_fw-la the_o posthumous_n work_v of_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n kt._n relate_v to_o the_o law_n and_o antiquity_n of_o england_n publish_a from_o the_o original_a manuscript_n with_o the_o life_n of_o the_o author_n sine_fw-la dubio_fw-la domus_fw-la jurisconsulti_fw-la est_fw-la totius_fw-la oraculum_fw-la civitatis_fw-la cicero_n oxford_z print_v at_o the_o theater_n for_o awnsham_n and_o john_n churchill_n at_o the_o black-swan_n in_o pater-noster-row_n london_n 1698._o imprimatur_fw-la joh_n meare_n vicecan_a oxon_n jan._n 17._o 1698._o to_o the_o most_o reverend_a father_n in_o god_n thomas_n lord_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_z primate_n of_o all_o england_n and_o metropolitan_a and_o one_o of_o his_o majesty_n most_o honourable_a privy_a council_n my_o lord_n i_o beg_v leave_v to_o lay_v before_o your_o grace_n these_o posthumous_n discourse_n of_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n promise_v they_o a_o favourable_a reception_n both_o for_o their_o own_o worth_n 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i_o shall_v omit_v any_o opportunity_n of_o express_v my_o thankfulness_n for_o it_o especial_o since_o such_o small_a acknowledgement_n as_o this_o be_v the_o only_o return_v that_o i_o can_v ever_o hope_v to_o make_v for_o the_o encouragement_n which_o you_o daily_o afford_v to_o your_o grace_n most_o oblige_v and_o most_o dutiful_a servant_n edmund_z gibson_n the_o preface_n i_o shall_v not_o make_v any_o apology_n for_o the_o publication_n of_o these_o treatise_n they_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v very_o useful_a towards_o a_o right_a understanding_n of_o the_o law_n and_o antiquity_n of_o england_n and_o i_o hope_v they_o will_v appear_v so_o to_o other_o too_o nor_o need_v i_o endeavour_v to_o recommend_v they_o to_o the_o world_n any_o otherwise_o than_o by_o show_v they_o to_o be_v the_o genuine_a labour_n of_o sir_n h._n spelman_n who_o learning_n accuracy_n and_o integrity_n be_v sufficient_o know_v the_o first_o of_o they_o concern_v feud_n and_o tenor_n in_o england_n be_v write_v in_o the_o year_n 1639._o and_o be_v print_v from_o a_o fair_a copy_n in_o the_o bodleian_n library_n correct_v with_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n own_o hand_n the_o occasion_n of_o write_v it_o be_v the_o great_a case_n of_o defective_a title_n in_o ireland_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v in_o some_o measure_n from_o the_o hint_n that_o our_o author_n have_v give_v we_o but_o be_v much_o more_o evident_a from_o the_o case_n itself_o print_v afterward_o by_o order_n of_o thomas_n viscount_n wentworth_n the_o then_o lord_n deputie_n the_o ground_n thereof_o with_o the_o plead_n and_o resolution_n so_o far_o as_o they_o concern_v the_o original_a of_o tenor_n be_v in_o short_a thus_o the_o several_a manor_n and_o estate_n within_o the_o county_n of_o roscomon_n sligo_n mayo_n and_o gallway_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ireland_n be_v unsettl_n d_o as_o to_o their_o title_n king_n james_n i._o by_o commission_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n date_v the_o 2d_o day_n of_o march_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n do_v authorise_v certain_a commissioner_n by_o letter_n patent_n to_o make_v grant_n of_o the_o say_a land_n and_o manor_n to_o the_o respective_a owner_n whereupon_o several_a letter_n patent_n to_o that_o effect_n pass_v under_o his_o majesty_n great_a seal_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n for_o the_o strengthen_n of_o title_n that_o may_v otherwise_o seem_v defective_a and_o afterward_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n charles_n i._o upon_o a_o enquirie_n into_o his_o majesty_n be_v title_n to_o the_o county_n of_o mayo_n there_o be_v a_o act_n of_o state_n publish_v command_v all_o those_o who_o hold_v any_o land_n in_o that_o county_n by_o letter_n patent_n from_o the_o crown_n to_o produce_v they_o or_o the_o enrollment_n thereof_o before_o the_o lord_n deputie_n and_o council_n by_o a_o certain_a day_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v be_v secure_v in_o the_o quiet_a possession_n of_o their_o estate_n in_o case_n the_o say_a letter_n be_v allow_v by_o that_o board_n to_o be_v good_a and_o effectual_a in_o law_n in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o order_n several_a letter_n patent_n be_v produce_v and_o particular_o the_o lord_n viscount_n dillon's_n which_o last_o upon_o the_o perusal_n and_o consideration_n thereof_o by_o his_o majesty_n be_v council_n be_v think_v to_o be_v void_a in_o law_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v order_v by_o the_o lord_n deputie_n and_o council_n that_o the_o doubt_n arise_v upon_o the_o letter_n patent_n shall_v be_v draw_v up_o into_o a_o case_n and_o that_o case_n to_o be_v open_o argue_v at_o the_o council-board_n the_o case_n be_v draw_v up_o in_o these_o word_n king_n james_n by_o commission_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n date_v the_o second_o day_n of_o march_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n do_v authorise_v certain_a commissioner_n to_o grant_v the_o manor_n of_o dale_n by_o letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o this_o kingdom_n to_o a._n and_o his_o heir_n and_o there_o be_v no_o direction_n give_v in_o the_o say_a commission_n touch_v the_o tenure_n to_o be_v reserve_v there_o be_v letter_n patent_n by_o colour_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n pass_v unto_o a._n and_o his_o heir_n to_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n as_o of_o his_o majesty_n castle_n of_o dublin_n here_o it_o be_v agree_v on_o all_o hand_n that_o the_o letter_n patent_n be_v void_a as_o to_o the_o tenure_n and_o that_o the_o commissioner_n have_v act_v beyond_o their_o commission_n in_o reserve_v a_o mean_a tenure_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o king_n when_o they_o ought_v either_o to_o have_v reserve_v a_o express_a tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o have_v mention_v no_o tenure_n at_o all_o but_o have_v leave_v the_o law_n to_o imply_v a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o question_n therefore_o be_v whether_o the_o deficiency_n of_o the_o tenure_n do_v so_o far_o affect_v the_o grant_n as_o whole_o to_o destroy_v the_o letter_n patent_n or_o whether_o the_o letter_n patent_n may_v not_o be_v good_a as_o to_o the_o land_n and_o void_a only_a as_o to_o the_o tenure_n the_o case_n be_v argue_v several_a day_n by_o counsel_n on_o both_o side_n and_o be_v afterward_o deliver_v up_o to_o the_o judge_n who_o be_v require_v by_o the_o lord_n deputie_n and_o council_n to_o consider_v of_o it_o and_o to_o return_v their_o resolution_n but_o upon_o private_a conference_n not_o agree_v in_o their_o opinion_n it_o be_v think_v necessary_a for_o public_a satisfaction_n to_o have_v it_o argue_v solemn_o by_o they_o all_o which_o be_v according_o do_v and_o when_o it_o come_v to_o be_v debate_v whether_o the_o reservation_n of_o a_o tenure_n so_o different_a from_o that_o intend_a and_o warrant_v by_o the_o commission_n can_v make_v void_a the_o whole_a grant_n this_o happen_v to_o lead_v they_o to_o a_o more_o general_a enquirie_n what_o the_o reservation_n of_o a_o tenure_n be_v
103._o camden_n in_o bark-shire_n selden_n in_o eadmer_n p._n 154._o that_o wardship_n be_v then_o in_o use_n and_o not_o bring_v in_o by_o the_o norman_n as_o camden_n in_o his_o britt_n 178._o nor_o by_o hen._n iii_o as_o randolph_n higden_n in_o his_o polichronicon_n and_o other_o not_o understand_v he_o will_v persuade_v vid._n selden'_v note_n on_o fortescue_n 51._o among_o the_o privilege_n grant_v by_o edward_n the_o confessor_n to_o the_o cinque-port_n we_o meet_v with_o this_o that_o their_o heir_n shall_v shall_v not_o be_v in_o ward_n lambards_n perambulat_fw-la of_o kent_n 101._o and_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o kent_n which_o be_v in_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o tottel_n edition_n and_o in_o lambards_n perambulation_n there_o be_v a_o rule_n for_o the_o wardship_n of_o the_o heir_n in_o gavelkind_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v marry_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o those_o custom_n say_v of_o themselves_o that_o they_o be_v devant_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n &_o 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excellent_a work_n make_v this_o grateful_a mention_n of_o his_o friend_n and_o patron_n tertium_fw-la manuscriptum_fw-la accommodavit_fw-la nobilis_fw-la ille_fw-la doctissimusque_fw-la dominus_fw-la henricus_fw-la spelmannus_n eques_fw-la auratus_fw-la eruditionis_fw-la reconditioris_fw-la judicii_fw-la acerrimi_fw-la vir_fw-la nostrae_fw-la britanniae_fw-la lumen_fw-la gloriaque_fw-la amicus_fw-la insupermeus_a singularis_fw-la in_fw-la studiis_fw-la adjutor_fw-la praecipuus_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la i_o primus_fw-la ad_fw-la antiquitates_fw-la eruendas_fw-la tam_fw-la verbo_fw-la quam_fw-la exemplo_fw-la aliquoties_fw-la stimulavit_fw-la erudivitque_fw-la he_o be_v likewise_o a_o great_a favourer_n of_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n who_o have_v be_v recommend_v to_o he_o by_o sir_n simon_n archer_n a_o gentleman_n of_o warwickshire_n very_o well_o verse_v in_o heraldry_n and_o the_o affair_n of_o our_o own_o nation_n at_o that_o time_n mr._n dodsworth_n who_o be_v much_o assist_v and_o encourage_v by_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n have_v get_v together_o a_o vast_a collection_n of_o record_n relate_v to_o the_o foundation_n of_o monastery_n in_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o england_n sir_n henry_n think_v that_o these_o may_v be_v very_o well_o improve_v into_o a_o monasticon_fw-la anglicanum_n and_o lest_o the_o design_n shall_v miscarry_v by_o mr._n dodsworth_n death_n he_o prevail_v upon_o mr._n dugdale_n to_o join_v he_o in_o so_o commendable_a a_o work_n promise_v to_o communicate_v all_o his_o transcript_n of_o foundation_n charter_n belong_v to_o several_a monastery_n in_o norfolk_n and_o suffolk_n for_o his_o further_a encouragement_n he_o recommend_v he_o to_o thomas_n earl_n of_o arundel_n than_o earl_n marshal_n of_o england_n as_o a_o person_n very_o well_o qualify_v to_o serve_v the_o king_n in_o the_o office_n of_o arms._n according_o upon_o his_o character_n of_o he_o second_v by_o the_o importunity_n of_o sir_n christopher_n hatton_n he_o be_v settle_v in_o the_o heralds-office_n which_o give_v he_o a_o opportunity_n to_o fix_v in_o london_n and_o from_o the_o many_o assistance_n there_o to_o compile_v the_o laborious_a volume_n which_o he_o afterward_o publish_v his_o revival_n of_o the_o old_a saxon_a tongue_n aught_o to_o be_v reckon_v a_o good_a piece_n of_o service_n to_o the_o study_n of_o antiquity_n he_o have_v find_v the_o excellent_a use_n of_o that_o language_n in_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o his_o study_n and_o very_o much_o lament_v the_o neglect_n of_o it_o both_o at_o home_n and_o abroad_o which_o be_v so_o general_a that_o he_o do_v not_o then_o know_v one_o man_n in_o the_o world_n who_o perfect_o know_v it_o paulatim_fw-la say_v he_o ita_fw-la exhalavit_fw-la animam_fw-la nobile_fw-la illud_fw-la majorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la &_o pervetustum_fw-la idioma_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o universo_fw-it quod_fw-la sciam_fw-la orbe_fw-la ne_fw-la unus_fw-la hodie_fw-la reperiatur_fw-la qui_fw-la hoc_fw-la scite_fw-la perfecteve_fw-la calleat_fw-la pauci_fw-la quidem_fw-la qui_fw-la vel_fw-la exoletas_fw-la literas_fw-la usquequaque_fw-la noverint_fw-la hereupon_o he_o settle_v a_o saxon_a lecture_n in_o the_o university_n of_o cambridge_n allow_v 20l._o per_fw-la an._n to_o mr._n abraham_n wheelock_n who_o tell_v we_o bedam_fw-la that_o upon_o his_o advice_n and_o encouragement_n he_o spend_v the_o best_a part_n of_o seven_o year_n in_o the_o study_n of_o that_o language_n magnam_fw-la septennii_fw-la quod_fw-la effluxit_fw-la partem_fw-la consumpsi_fw-la saxonum_n nostrorum_fw-la inquirendo_fw-la monumenta_fw-la eorumque_fw-la vetus_fw-la idioma_fw-la veritatis_fw-la &_o pacis_fw-la catholicae_fw-la magistram_fw-la perquirendo_fw-la ne_fw-la nobilissimi_fw-la viri_fw-la &_o in_o his_o studiis_fw-la monitoris_fw-la mei_fw-la honoratissimi_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d d._n henrici_fw-la spelmanni_n antiquitatum_fw-la nostrae_fw-la gentis_fw-la instauratoris_fw-la eximii_fw-la consilio_fw-la defuissem_fw-la this_o stipend_n be_v intend_v to_o be_v make_v perpetual_a but_o both_o he_o and_o his_o elder_a son_n die_v in_o the_o compass_n of_o two_o year_n the_o civil_a war_n break_v forth_o and_o the_o estate_n be_v sequester_v the_o family_n become_v uncapable_a of_o accomplish_v that_o design_n nor_o indeed_o be_v that_o a_o time_n for_o settlement_n of_o this_o kind_n when_o such_o a_o terrible_a storm_n threaten_v the_o university_n and_o the_o revenue_n that_o belong_v to_o '_o they_o acquaintance_n after_o he_o come_v into_o business_n he_o be_v intimate_o acquaint_v with_o the_o most_o considerable_a person_n of_o that_o age._n he_o call_v mr._n camden_n his_o ancient_a friend_n and_o how_o entire_a a_o familiarity_n there_o be_v between_o he_o and_o archbishop_n usher_n we_o be_v inform_v from_o the_o life_n and_o letter_n of_o that_o learned_a primate_n to_o these_o i_o may_v add_v sir_n rob._n cotton_n mr._n selden_n olaus_n wormius_n with_o peireschius_fw-la meursius_n beignonius_n and_o other_o of_o great_a note_n both_o at_o home_n and_o abroad_o who_o he_o himself_o occasional_o mention_n as_o the_o chief_a encourager_n of_o his_o glossary_n upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n as_o his_o loyalty_n wisdom_n and_o experience_n in_o public_a affair_n will_v sufficient_o recommend_v he_o to_o the_o great_a statesman_n of_o his_o time_n so_o his_o eminent_a piety_n and_o learning_n must_v needs_o make_v he_o high_o esteem_v among_o divine_n and_o scholar_n child_n he_o have_v eight_o child_n four_o son_n and_o four_o daughter_n his_o elder_a son_n the_o heir_n of_o his_o study_n 1._o as_o he_o call_v he_o be_v john_n 226._o spelman_n esq_n a_o scholar_n and_o a_o gentleman_n who_o have_v great_a assurance_n of_o favour_n and_o encouragement_n from_o king_n charles_n i._o this_o good_a prince_n send_v for_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n and_o offer_v he_o the_o mastership_n of_o sutton_n hospital_n with_o some_o other_o thing_n in_o consideration_n of_o his_o good_a service_n both_o to_o church_n and_o state_n but_o after_o his_o humble_a thanks_o to_o his_o majesty_n he_o tell_v he_o that_o he_o be_v very_o old_a and_o have_v one_o foot_n in_o the_o grave_n and_o that_o it_o will_v be_v a_o much_o great_a obligation_n upon_o he_o if_o his_o
for_o which_o purpose_n conradus_n salicus_n a_o french_a emperor_n but_o of_o german_a descent_n go_v to_o rome_n about_o forty_o five_o year_n before_o the_o time_n of_o our_o king_n edgar_n viz._n sub_fw-la an._n dom._n 915._o to_o fetch_v his_o crown_n from_o pope_n john_n x._o make_v a_o constitution_n upon_o the_o petition_n of_o his_o soldier_n that_o silij_fw-la or_o aviatici_fw-la the_o son_n or_o if_o no_o son_n be_v live_v the_o nephew_n or_o grandson_n as_o they_o call_v they_o of_o some_o of_o they_o shall_v succeed_v in_o the_o feud_n of_o their_o father_n see_v the_o constitution_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o five_o book_n of_o feud_n but_o gerardus_n note_v that_o this_o law_n settle_v not_o the_o feud_n upon_o the_o elder_a son_n or_o any_o other_o son_n of_o the_o feudatarie_n particular_o but_o leave_v it_o in_o the_o lord_n election_n to_o please_v himself_o with_o which_o of_o they_o he_o will_v after_o this_o feud_n be_v continue_v in_o divers_a place_n by_o several_a increment_n to_o the_o three_o four_o five_o six_o and_o seven_o generation_n and_o sometime_o for_o want_n of_o lineal_a issue_n collateral_o to_o the_o brother_n as_o gerardus_n testify_v but_o whether_o by_o some_o positive_a law_n or_o by_o the_o munificence_n of_o the_o lord_n he_o do_v not_o tell_v we_o nor_o when_o or_o by_o who_o they_o be_v make_v perpetual_a and_o hereditary_a though_o he_o confess_v that_o at_o last_o they_o grow_v to_o be_v extend_v in_o infinitum_fw-la and_o then_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v settle_v upon_o the_o elder_a son_n who_o former_o have_v no_o pre-eminence_n above_o a_o young_a brother_n but_o while_o they_o stand_v sometime_o produce_v in_o this_o manner_n by_o the_o indulgence_n of_o prince_n to_o the_o three_o four_o or_o five_o generation_n etc._n etc._n some_o man_n of_o learning_n have_v conclude_v they_o to_o be_v hereditary_a as_o though_o there_o be_v no_o medium_n between_o a_o limitation_n how_o far_o so_o ever_o extend_v and_o infinitum_fw-la hereditary_a to_o pass_v by_o that_o let_v we_o now_o go_v on_o in_o examination_n when_o and_o how_o feud_n become_v hereditary_a some_o suggest_v a_o show_n of_o such_o a_o matter_n under_o the_o two_o othones_fw-la german_n emperor_n who_o succeed_v one_o the_o other_o about_o the_o year_n 973._o but_o to_o rest_v upon_o the_o common_a and_o receive_a opinion_n which_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o more_o at_o large_a declare_v the_o truth_n be_v that_o when_o hugh_n capet_n usurp_v the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n aga_v the_o carolinge_n he_o to_o fortify_v himself_o and_o to_o draw_v all_o the_o nobility_n of_o france_n to_o support_v his_o faction_n about_o the_o year_n 987._o grant_v to_o they_o in_o the_o year_n 988._o that_n whereas_o till_o then_o they_o enjoy_v their_o feud_n and_o honour_n but_o for_o life_n or_o at_o pleasure_n of_o their_o prince_n they_o shall_v from_o thenceforth_o for_o ever_o hold_v they_o to_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n in_o feudal_n manner_n by_o the_o ceremony_n of_o homage_n and_o oath_n of_o fealty_n and_o that_o he_o will_v according_o maintain_v they_o therein_o as_o they_o support_v he_o and_o his_o heir_n in_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n which_o they_o joyful_o accept_v england_n this_o be_v a_o fair_a direction_n for_o william_n of_o normandy_n who_o we_o call_v the_o conqueror_n how_o to_o secure_v himself_o of_o this_o his_o new_a acquire_v kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o he_o pretermit_v not_o to_o take_v the_o advantage_n of_o it_o for_o with_o as_o great_a diligence_n as_o providence_n he_o present_o transfer_v his_o country-custom_n into_o england_n as_o the_o black_a book_n of_o the_o chequer_n witness_v and_o among_o they_o as_o after_o shall_v be_v make_v perspicuous_a this_o new_a french_a custom_n of_o make_v feud_n hereditary_a not_o regard_v the_o former_a use_n of_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n who_o like_o all_o other_o nation_n save_o the_o french_a continue_v till_o that_o time_n their_o feud_n and_o tenor_n either_o arbitrary_a or_o in_o some_o definite_a limitation_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a manner_n of_o the_o german_n receive_v general_o throughout_o europe_n for_o by_o the_o multitude_n of_o their_o colony_n and_o transmigration_n into_o all_o the_o chief_a part_n thereof_o they_o carry_v with_o they_o such_o feodal_n right_n as_o be_v then_o in_o use_n among_o they_o and_o plant_v those_o rite_n and_o custom_n in_o those_o several_a country_n where_o they_o settle_v themselves_o do_v by_o that_o mean_n make_v all_o those_o several_a country_n to_o hold_v a_o general_a conformity_n in_o their_o feud_n and_o military_a custom_n so_o by_o the_o longobard_n they_o be_v carry_v into_o italy_n by_o the_o salique_n into_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o france_n by_o the_o frank_n into_o the_o west_n part_v thereof_o by_o the_o saxon_n into_o this_o our_o britain_n by_o their_o neighbour_n the_o western_a goth_n who_o communicate_v with_o the_o german_n in_o manner_n law_n and_o custom_n into_o spain_n and_o by_o the_o eastern_a goth_n into_o greece_n itself_o and_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o europe_n etc._n etc._n these_o i_o say_v carry_v with_o they_o into_o the_o part_n of_o europe_n where_o they_o settle_v such_o ancient_a feudal_n custom_n as_o at_o the_o time_n of_o their_o transmigration_n be_v in_o use_n among_o they_o but_o the_o more_o prevalent_a and_o more_o general_o receive_v custom_n be_v those_o that_o be_v in_o use_n or_o take_v up_o in_o the_o time_n of_o conradus_n the_o emperor_n and_o when_o feud_n become_v hereditary_a for_o on_o they_o especial_o be_v the_o feudal_n law_n ground_v and_o compose_v though_o enlarge_v oftentimes_o by_o constitution_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o spread_v abroad_o into_o divers_a nation_n by_o their_o example_n countenance_n or_o authority_n wherein_o the_o court_n of_o milan_n be_v chief_o follow_v in_o rebus_fw-la judicatis_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o duarenus_n 1._o and_o merula_n 3._o but_o reserve_v unto_o every_o nation_n their_o peculiar_a right_n and_o custom_n 409._o for_o it_o be_v general_o receive_v into_o every_o kingdom_n and_o then_o conceive_v to_o be_v the_o most_o absolute_a law_n for_o support_v the_o royal_a estate_n preserve_v union_n confirm_v peace_n and_o suppress_v robbery_n incendiary_n and_o rebellion_n i_o conclude_v with_o cujacius_n who_o upon_o the_o abovecited_a passage_n of_o gerardus_n niger_n say_v 21._o quam_fw-la aliam_fw-la feudorum_fw-la originem_fw-la quaerimus_fw-la his_o veluti_fw-la incrementis_fw-la paulatim_fw-la feuda_fw-la constituta_fw-la sunt_fw-la quae_fw-la &_o post_fw-la conradum_fw-la usus_fw-la recepit_fw-la ut_fw-la transirent_fw-la ad_fw-la liberos_fw-la mare_n in_fw-la infinitum_fw-la etc._n etc._n title_n the_o military_a and_o lay-feud_n be_v thus_o advance_v from_o a_o arbitrary_a condition_n to_o become_v perpetual_a and_o hereditary_a 180._o do_v now_o in_o ordinary_a account_n leave_v their_o former_a name_n of_o beneficia_fw-la which_o be_v only_o temporary_a for_o year_n or_o life_n unto_o the_o live_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o retain_v to_o themselves_o the_o proper_a name_n of_o feud_n whereby_o they_o be_v produce_v to_o be_v perpetual_a and_o hereditary_a cujacius_n therefore_o speak_v of_o they_o both_o sai_z ibid._n feudum_fw-la differt_fw-la a_o beneficio_fw-la quod_fw-la hoc_fw-la temporaneum_fw-la fuit_fw-la illud_fw-la perpetuum_fw-la and_o treat_v in_o another_o place_n of_o these_o beneficiarii_fw-la and_o temporarii_fw-la possessores_fw-la he_o say_v further_a 7._o jisdem_fw-la postea_fw-la câ—pit_fw-la concedi_fw-la feudum_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la verum_fw-la &_o proprium_fw-la feudum_fw-la conclude_v in_o a_o three_o place_n 5._o that_o propria_fw-la feudi_fw-la natura_fw-la haec_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la sit_fw-la perpetua_fw-la so_o that_o cassineus_fw-la in_o the_o feud_n of_o burgundy_n say_v 437._o that_o omne_fw-la feudum_fw-la quocunque_fw-la modo_fw-la acquisitum_fw-la fit_a haereditarium_fw-la cum_fw-la successione_n sit_fw-la redactum_fw-la ad_fw-la instar_fw-la allodialium_fw-la that_o all_o feud_n by_o what_o mean_v soever_o they_o be_v acquire_v be_v make_v hereditary_a in_o so_o much_o as_o by_o the_o continual_a succession_n of_o the_o child_n into_o the_o feud_n of_o their_o father_n the_o feud_n be_v now_o bring_v to_o be_v like_o allodial_a or_o patrimonial_a inheritance_n thus_o feudum_n which_o at_o first_o be_v but_o a_o totter_a possession_n ad_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la domini_fw-la grow_v at_o length_n to_o be_v a_o irrevocable_a estate_n descend_v by_o many_o succession_n from_o son_n to_o son_n become_v at_o last_o to_o be_v a_o absolute_a inheritance_n and_o thereupon_o the_o word_n themselves_o feudum_n and_o haereditas_fw-la in_o common_a use_n of_o speech_n quem_fw-la penes_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la est_fw-la &_o jus_o &_o norma_fw-la loquendi_fw-la to_o be_v voces_fw-la convertibiles_fw-la and_o by_o a_o fair_a metonymia_fw-la each_o to_o signify_v other_o for_o as_o horace_n further_o say_v verborum_fw-la vetus_fw-la interit_fw-la aetas_fw-la et_fw-la juvenum_fw-la ritu_fw-la florent_fw-la modo_fw-la nata_fw-la vigentque_fw-la apt_o
christian_a king_n cause_v his_o own_o law_n to_o be_v put_v in_o write_v about_o the_o year_n 605._o as_o other_o western_a nation_n in_o a_o age_n or_o two_o before_o have_v do_v and_o as_o bede_n say_v 5._o write_v they_o in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n the_o first_o charter_n if_o i_o shall_v so_o call_v it_o or_o write_v touch_v land_n and_o privilege_n be_v as_o a_o ms._n of_o canterbury_n report_v make_v by_o withredus_n king_n of_o kent_n in_o the_o year_n 694._o and_o as_o that_o charter_n itself_o witness_v be_v appoint_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o church_n of_o our_o saviour_n at_o canterbury_n as_o a_o precedent_n for_o posterity_n to_o imitate_v and_o though_o it_o appear_v not_o there_o in_o what_o language_n it_o be_v write_v yet_o i_o presume_v it_o be_v in_o the_o same_o with_o their_o law_n which_o be_v the_o saxon_a tongue_n for_o there_o be_v two_o copy_n of_o it_o extant_a in_o latin_a so_o differ_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o as_o thereby_o they_o both_o appear_v to_o be_v translation_n for_o proof_n thereof_o the_o one_o of_o they_o use_v the_o word_n charta_fw-la and_o chartula_fw-la which_o ingulfus_n affirm_v to_o be_v bring_v in_o hither_o by_o the_o norman_n that_o be_v above_o three_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o time_n of_o this_o charter_n of_o withred_n the_o other_o latin_a copy_n term_v it_o scriptum_n not_o chartam_fw-la and_o the_o saxon_n themselves_o use_v neither_o of_o those_o word_n but_o call_v such_o write_n in_o latin_a chirographos_n not_o chartas_n as_o ingulfus_n there_o also_o testify_v so_o that_o it_o hereby_o appear_v that_o the_o prototype_n or_o first_o pattern_n of_o charter_n which_o the_o saxon_n imitate_v be_v not_o in_o latin_a but_o in_o saxon._n tonguâ—_n second_o it_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v presume_v and_o very_o strong_o that_o though_o this_o charter_n of_o beorredus_n remain_v to_o we_o by_o a_o latin_a copy_n yet_o the_o original_n itself_o like_o a_o thousand_o other_o be_v in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n nor_o can_v it_o in_o all_o probability_n be_v otherwise_o for_o at_o the_o very_a time_n when_o it_o be_v make_v viz._n in_o anno_fw-la 868._o learning_n be_v so_o general_o subvert_v throughout_o england_n by_o the_o barbarous_a dane_n that_o king_n alfred_n who_o begin_v to_o reign_v within_o four_o year_n after_o the_o date_n thereof_o say_v 378._o paucissimi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la cis_fw-la humbrum_fw-la qui_fw-la vel_fw-la preces_fw-la svas_fw-la commune_v sermone_fw-la anglico_fw-la intelligere_fw-la potuerant_fw-la vel_fw-la scriptum_fw-la aliquod_fw-la è_fw-la latino_n transfer_v tam_fw-la sane_fw-la pauci_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la ut_fw-la ne_fw-la unum_fw-la quidem_fw-la recordari_fw-la possum_fw-la ex_fw-la australi_fw-la parte_fw-la thamesis_n tum_fw-la cum_fw-la ego_fw-la regnare_fw-la occaeperam_fw-la but_o as_o their_o original_a charter_n be_v in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n so_o in_o the_o leiger-book_n in_o which_o they_o be_v preserve_v to_o we_o they_o be_v often_o set_v down_o in_o the_o saxon_a and_o then_o because_o the_o book_n themselves_o be_v in_o latin_a they_o be_v there_o translate_v also_o into_o latin_a and_o often_o time_n set_v down_o in_o the_o latin_a only_o without_o the_o saxon_a as_o in_o the_o book_n of_o ramsey-abby_n which_o have_v no_o charter_n in_o it_o in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n the_o author_n of_o it_o say_v libri_fw-la that_o himself_o have_v there_o translate_v they_o all_o into_o latin_a after_o that_o that_o abbey_n in_o the_o day_n of_o king_n stephen_n have_v recover_v her_o liberty_n yet_o i_o deny_v not_o that_o latin_a charter_n may_v be_v often_o use_v by_o their_o latter_a clergyman_n when_o learning_n which_o in_o beorred_n time_n be_v utter_o subvert_v begin_v at_o last_o to_o recover_v life_n again_o day_n three_o i_o conceive_v that_o the_o word_n feudum_fw-la or_o feodum_fw-la be_v not_o in_o use_n in_o beorredus_n day_n viz._n anno_fw-la 868._o for_o proof_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o infancy_n youth_n and_o full_a age_n of_o the_o feodal_n law_n for_o according_a to_o these_o several_a time_n the_o feodal_n land_n have_v their_o several_a denomination_n first_o they_o be_v call_v munera_fw-la then_o beneficia_fw-la and_o last_o feuda_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a marculfus_n who_o collect_v the_o formulas_fw-la or_o precedent_n as_o we_o call_v they_o of_o charter_n and_o instrument_n of_o the_o time_n he_o live_v in_o which_o be_v under_o clodovaeus_n ii_o king_n of_o france_n about_o the_o year_n 660._o make_v mention_v in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o munera_fw-la and_o in_o his_o second_o of_o beneficia_fw-la but_o no_o where_o of_o feuda_n and_o he_o who_o a_o hundred_o year_n or_o more_o after_o he_o collect_v the_o formula_n incerti_fw-la autoris_fw-la speak_v divers_a time_n 21._o of_o beneficium_fw-la but_o never_o name_v feudum_n for_o that_o this_o term_n come_v not_o into_o use_n till_o afterward_o when_o these_o beneficia_fw-la begin_v to_o be_v grant_v in_o perpetuity_n beneficium_fw-la regis_fw-la say_v 470._o bignonius_n postea_fw-la feudum_fw-la dictum_fw-la est_fw-la and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o say_v 550._o beneficii_fw-la nomine_fw-la ea_fw-la praedia_fw-la dicta_fw-la sunt_fw-la quae_fw-la feuda_fw-la posteritas_fw-la dixit_fw-la initio_fw-la namque_fw-la vita_fw-la accipientis_fw-la finiebantur_fw-la as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v they_o be_v call_v beneficia_fw-la when_o they_o be_v grant_v only_o for_o life_n of_o the_o grantee_n but_o be_v call_v feuda_n when_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v grant_v in_o perpetuity_n and_o not_o before_o cujacius_n therefore_o speak_v 7._o of_o feudatarii_fw-la which_o word_n come_v into_o use_n with_o feudum_n for_o relative_n mutuo_fw-la se_fw-la ponunt_fw-la &_o auferunt_fw-la say_v that_o when_o actores_fw-la custodesque_fw-la proediorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la temporarii_fw-la perpetui_fw-la esse_fw-la caeperunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n when_o those_o who_o have_v the_o use_n and_o order_n of_o our_o land_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n begin_v to_o enjoy_v they_o in_o perpetuity_n and_o yet_o retain_v their_o latin_a name_n of_o homines_fw-la our_o man_n they_o grow_v then_o also_o to_o be_v call_v after_o new_a and_o foreign_a name_n vassalli_n leude_n and_o feudatarii_fw-la by_o the_o prince_n and_o great_a nobleman_n who_o choose_v rather_o to_o grant_v they_o land_n in_o perpetuity_n in_o consideration_n that_o they_o shall_v do_v they_o military_a service_n and_o he_o say_v that_o these_o name_n be_v first_o bring_v into_o italy_n by_o the_o german_a prince_n where_o and_o particular_o in_o milan_n as_o merula_n report_v the_o feodal_n law_n and_o custom_n have_v have_v their_o original_n and_o from_o thence_o be_v propagate_v throughout_o europe_n by_o this_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o word_n feudum_fw-la and_o feudatarii_fw-la be_v not_o in_o use_n till_o that_o the_o word_n munera_fw-la be_v grow_v obsolete_a nor_o afterward_o till_o beneficia_fw-la leave_v to_o be_v temporary_a or_o but_o for_o life_n become_v to_o be_v perpetual_a possession_n which_o as_o i_o have_v often_o say_v be_v not_o long_o before_o the_o conquest_n so_o that_o the_o word_n feudum_n can_v not_o be_v in_o use_n in_o beorredus_n time_n who_o live_v two_o hundred_o year_n before_o beneficia_fw-la four_o though_o the_o word_n feudum_n be_v in_o the_o original_a charter_n of_o beorredus_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o prove_v that_o our_o feud_n be_v then_o in_o use_n for_o call_v they_o beneficia_fw-la or_o call_v they_o feuda_n certain_a it_o be_v that_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o be_v then_o hereditary_a or_o perpetual_a but_o either_o temporary_a or_o for_o life_n only_o which_o at_o length_n beget_v the_o difference_n between_o feuda_n and_o beneficia_fw-la for_o beneficia_fw-la in_o a_o restrain_a sense_n begin_v to_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o estate_n for_o life_n in_o which_o sense_n it_o rest_v at_o this_o day_n in_o our_o clergy-men_n live_n call_v benefice_n and_o the_o word_n feuda_n grow_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o such_o beneficia_fw-la or_o benefice_n as_o be_v perpetual_a and_o hereditary_a to_o return_v from_o whence_o we_o digress_v i_o suppose_v it_o now_o appear_v sufficient_o how_o some_o feodal_n word_n be_v creep_v into_o charter_n and_o write_n of_o saxon_a date_n and_o i_o think_v i_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o word_n before_o mention_v tenura_n tenentes_fw-la tenementa_fw-la tenere_fw-la or_o tenendum_fw-la in_o a_o feodal_a sense_n or_o feodum_fw-la itself_o be_v not_o in_o use_n among_o they_o much_o less_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la tenure_n by_o knight-service_n tenure_n in_o socage_n or_o frankalmoign_a though_o the_o like_a service_n be_v perform_v to_o the_o saxon_a lordship_n by_o their_o thanes_z and_o theoden_n their_o socman_n or_o husbandman_n and_o their_o beadsman_n or_o clergyman_n by_o way_n of_o contract_n for_o the_o land_n receive_v from_o they_o as_o be_v after_o the_o conquest_n to_o the_o norman_a lordship_n by_o way_n of_o tenure_n for_o land_n hold_v of_o they_o the_o neapolitan_a and_o sicilian_a constitution_n which_o
have_v their_o original_n from_o prince_n of_o norman_a lineage_n etc._n do_v ....._o the_o conquest_n here_o in_o england_n etc._n make_v mention_n of_o tenens_fw-la tenere_fw-la tenementum_fw-la and_o tenere_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la but_o whether_o the_o norman_n carry_v these_o term_n into_o italy_n when_o they_o conquer_a naples_n about_o the_o year_n 1031._o 4._o or_o bring_v they_o from_o thence_o into_o normandy_n i_o can_v determine_v certain_a it_o be_v that_o from_o the_o norman_n they_o come_v to_o we_o in_o england_n for_o be_v not_o meet_v with_o before_o in_o any_o authentic_a author_n we_o present_o after_o the_o conquest_n begin_v to_o hear_v of_o they_o even_o about_o the_o three_o or_o four_o year_n of_o the_o conqueror_n reign_n as_o appear_v rege_fw-la by_o his_o charter_n of_o emendationes_fw-la legum_n in_o the_o red_a book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n f._n 162._o b._n and_o in_o lambard_n archaionomia_n chap._n iu._n of_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la more_o particular_o saxon_n touch_v tenor_n therefore_o in_o capite_fw-la i_o think_v i_o may_v bold_o say_v that_o here_o be_v none_o in_o england_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n after_o the_o manner_n now_o in_o use_n among_o we_o first_o for_o that_o their_o feodal_n land_n as_o we_o have_v show_v be_v not_o descendible_a before_o the_o conquest_n for_o though_o there_o be_v hlaâ—ord_n and_o ðane_a among_o the_o saxon_n that_o be_v lord_n and_o thane_n or_o servitor_n who_o beyond_o the_o sea_n they_o call_v seigneur_n &_o vassal_n alius_fw-la vassallum_fw-la dominum_fw-la &_o clientem_fw-la while_o their_o feud_n be_v arbitrable_a or_o but_o for_o year_n or_o life_n yet_o grow_v not_o the_o word_n of_o tenure_n into_o use_n till_o that_o feud_n become_v descendable_a to_o posterity_n and_o thereby_o oblige_v the_o whole_a succession_n of_o heir_n to_o depend_v and_o hold_v upon_o their_o capital_a lord_n by_o the_o service_n impose_v at_o the_o creation_n of_o that_o feud_n second_o the_o word_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v like_o a_o relative_n in_o logic_n which_o be_v a_o supreme_a degree_n of_o itself_o imply_v some_o other_o degree_n to_o be_v under_o it_o as_o tenant_n in_o medio_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o imo_fw-la or_o both_o viz._n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la tenant_n in_o menalty_n and_o tenant_n paravale_fw-mi or_o at_o least_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o tenant_n paravale_fw-mi which_o inferior_a tenant_n can_v not_o be_v in_o the_o saxon_n time_n for_o that_o the_o grant_n of_o feud_n in_o perpetuity_n out_o of_o which_o the_o under-tenancies_a must_v be_v deduce_v be_v as_o i_o have_v say_v not_o yet_o in_o use_n sort_n three_o to_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la be_v of_o two_o sort_n the_o one_o general_n which_o be_v of_o the_o king_n as_o caput_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o caput_fw-la generalissimum_fw-la omnium_fw-la feodorum_fw-la the_o fountain_n whence_o all_o feud_n and_o tenor_n have_v their_o main_a original_n the_o other_o special_a or_o subaltern_a which_o be_v of_o a_o particular_a subject_n as_o caput_fw-la feudi_fw-la or_o terrae_fw-la illius_fw-la so_o call_v because_o he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o create_v and_o grant_v that_o feud_n or_o land_n in_o that_o manner_n of_o tenure_n wherein_o it_o stand_v and_o be_v therefore_o at_o this_o day_n so_o to_o be_v understand_v by_o the_o ordinary_a word_n in_o our_o deed_n of_o tenendum_fw-la de_fw-la capitalibus_fw-la dominis_n feodi_fw-la illius_fw-la etc._n etc._n signify_v that_o the_o land_n so_o grant_v since_o the_o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la must_v now_o be_v hold_v mediate_o or_o immediate_o of_o he_o or_o his_o heir_n or_o assign_v that_o be_v caput_fw-la feodi_fw-la the_o first_o that_o create_v or_o grant_v that_o feud_n in_o that_o tenure_n who_o thereupon_o be_v call_v capitalis_fw-la dominus_fw-la &_o caput_fw-la terrae_fw-la illius_fw-la among_o the_o feudist_n capitanus_n feudi_fw-la illius_fw-la and_o the_o grantee_n and_o his_o heir_n be_v say_v to_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la because_o they_o hold_v immediate_o of_o he_o that_o first_o grant_v that_o feud_n or_o land_n in_o that_o manner_n hereupon_o david_n i._o king_n of_o scot_n and_o earl_n of_o huntingdon_n here_o in_o england_n be_v in_o right_a of_o his_o earldom_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n i._o say_v to_o be_v capud_fw-la terrae_fw-la de_fw-la crancfeld_n &_o crawl_v post_fw-la regem_fw-la angliae_fw-la 279._o and_o roger_n de_fw-fr molbray_n about_o the_o same_o time_n or_o short_o after_o make_v a_o grant_n in_o these_o word_n roger_n de_fw-fr molbray_n omnibus_fw-la hominibus_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la normannis_fw-la &_o anglis_fw-la salutem_fw-la sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la ego_fw-la concessi_fw-la roberto_n de_fw-fr ardenna_n clerico_n amico_fw-la meo_fw-la totum_fw-la nemus_fw-la de_fw-la bedericheslea_n cum_fw-la omnibus_fw-la antiquis_fw-la libertatibus_fw-la &_o consuetudinibus_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la nemoris_fw-la ad_fw-la tenendum_fw-la de_fw-la i_o in_o capite_fw-la &_o haeredibus_fw-la meis_fw-la ita_fw-la libere_fw-la &_o quiet_a etc._n etc._n sicut_fw-la ego_fw-la unquam_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o deed_n be_v without_o date_n but_o note_v that_o the_o direction_n of_o it_o be_v omnibus_fw-la hominibus_fw-la fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la normannis_fw-la &_o anglis_fw-la which_o imply_v that_o it_o be_v make_v before_o henry_n ii_n time_n for_o he_o be_v of_o anjou_n in_o france_n and_o bring_v in_o frenchman_n with_o he_o alter_v then_o very_o proper_o the_o direction_n of_o charter_n into_o hominibus_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la francis_n &_o anglis_fw-la yet_o i_o find_v the_o same_o direction_n though_o more_o improper_o to_o be_v some_o time_n use_v under_o the_o norman_a king_n qu._n so_o likewise_o as_o before_o w._n marshal_v the_o great_a earl_n of_o pembrock_n in_o a_o charter_n of_o he_o use_v these_o word_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o henry_n iii_n time_n as_o i_o take_v it_o nisi_fw-la fortè_fw-la forinseca_v tenementa_fw-la tenueris_fw-la de_fw-la i_o in_o capite_fw-la and_o 157._o mat._n paris_n in_o an._n 1250._o make_v mention_n of_o one_o g._n a_o knight_n sai_z that_o rex_fw-la memoratus_fw-la hen._n iii_o cuidam_fw-la militi_fw-la tenenti_fw-la de_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la s._n albani_n in_o capite_fw-la etc._n etc._n warennam_fw-la concessit_fw-la where_o the_o word_n tenenti_fw-la de_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la s._n albani_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v signify_v that_o some_o abbot_n of_o the_o church_n of_o st._n alban_n first_o create_v and_o grant_v that_o feud_n have_v thus_o in_o general_a manner_n prepare_v my_o way_n to_o the_o ensue_a discourse_n i_o shall_v now_o god_n will_v by_o the_o patience_n of_o they_o who_o it_o most_o concern_v examine_v such_o particular_a assertion_n as_o be_v produce_v in_o the_o report_n either_o to_o prove_v our_o tenor_n and_o feud_n with_o their_o dependency_n to_o have_v be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n or_o to_o disprove_v what_o i_o have_v affirm_v in_o my_o glossary_n or_o in_o the_o chapter_n here_o precedent_a and_o will_v first_o show_v therein_o as_o follow_v chap._n v._n what_o degree_n and_o distinction_n of_o person_n be_v among_o the_o saxon_n and_o of_o what_o condition_n their_o land_n be_v saxon_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o our_o discourse_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o we_o shall_v show_v what_o degree_n and_o distinction_n of_o person_n be_v among_o the_o saxon_n and_o of_o what_o condition_n their_o land_n be_v touch_v their_o person_n they_o be_v by_o themselves_o divide_v in_o this_o manner_n eorle_n and_o ceorl_n and_o ðegn_n and_o ðeoden_n in_o latin_a come_v and_o villanus_fw-la tainus_n unus_fw-la &_o alius_fw-la singuli_fw-la pro_fw-la modo_fw-la svo_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o earl_n and_o the_o husbandman_n the_o thane_n of_o the_o great_a sort_n call_v the_o king_n thane_n and_o the_o thane_n of_o the_o lesser_a sort_n call_v the_o theoden_a or_o vnderthane_n more_o degree_n the_o saxon_n have_v not_o in_o their_o laity_n and_o among_o these_o must_v all_o the_o tenor_n lie_v that_o be_v in_o use_n with_o they_o as_o for_o their_o bondman_n who_o they_o call_v theowe_n and_o esne_n they_o be_v not_o count_v member_n of_o that_o commonwealth_n but_o parcel_n of_o their_o master_n good_n and_o substance_n bocland_n touch_v land_n among_o the_o saxon_n they_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n bocland_n and_o folcland_n bocland_n signify_v terram_fw-la codicillarem_fw-la or_o librariam_fw-la charter-land_n for_o the_o saxon_n call_v a_o deed_n or_o charter_n a_o bec_fw-la i._n e._n librum_fw-la a_o book_n and_o this_o proper_o be_v their_o terra_fw-la haereditaria_fw-la for_o it_o common_o carry_v with_o it_o the_o absolute_a inheritance_n and_o propriety_n of_o the_o land_n and_o be_v therefore_o preserve_v in_o writing_n and_o possess_v by_o the_o thanes_z and_o noble_a sort_n as_o proedium_fw-la nobile_fw-la liberum_fw-la &_o immune_fw-la a_o servitiis_fw-la vulgaribus_fw-la &_o servilibus_fw-la in_o which_o respect_n the_o thanes_z themselves_z be_v also_o call_v liberales_fw-la as_o appear_v foresta_n by_o canute_n forest-law_n art_n 1._o 3_o
&_o seqq_n a_o name_n not_o well_o agree_v with_o feodal_n servitude_n but_o it_o seem_v by_o divers_a abby-book_n that_o some_o estate_n for_o life_n which_o we_o call_v frank_n tenement_n be_v also_o put_v in_o writing_n especial_o among_o the_o latter_a saxon_n yet_o be_v not_o these_o account_v bocland_n for_o they_o be_v lade_v common_o with_o many_o feodal_n and_o ministerial_a service_n whereas_o bocland_n as_o i_o say_v be_v free_a from_o all_o service_n not_o hold_v of_o any_o lord_n the_o very_a same_o that_o allodium_fw-la descendable_a according_a to_o the_o common_a course_n of_o nation_n and_o of_o nature_n unto_o all_o the_o son_n and_o therefore_o call_v gavelkind_a not_o restrain_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n as_o feodal_a land_n be_v not_o at_o first_o but_o devisable_v also_o by_o will_n and_o thereupon_o call_v terrae_fw-la testamentales_fw-la as_o the_o thane_n that_o possess_v they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v testamento_fw-la dignus_fw-la folcland_n folcland_n be_v terra_fw-la vulgi_fw-la the_o land_n of_o the_o vulgar_a people_n who_o have_v no_o estate_n therein_o but_o hold_v the_o same_o under_o such_o rent_n and_o service_n as_o be_v accustom_v or_o agree_v of_o at_o the_o will_v only_o of_o their_o lord_n the_o thane_n and_o it_o be_v therefore_o not_o put_v in_o writing_n but_o account_v proedium_fw-la rusticum_fw-la &_o ignobile_fw-la but_o both_o the_o great_a and_o the_o lesser_a thanes_z which_o possess_v bocland_n or_o hereditary_a land_n divide_v they_o according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o their_o estate_n inland_a into_o two_o sort_n i_o e._n into_o inland_n and_o outland_n 864._o the_o inland_n be_v that_o which_o lie_v next_o or_o most_o convenient_a for_o the_o lord_n mansion-house_n as_o within_o the_o view_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o they_o keep_v that_o part_n in_o their_o own_o hand_n for_o supportation_n of_o their_o family_n and_o hospitality_n the_o norman_n afterward_o call_v these_o land_n terras_fw-la dominicales_fw-la the_o demain_v or_o lord_n land_n the_o german_n terras_fw-la indominicatas_fw-la land_n in_o the_o lord_n be_v own_o use_n the_o feudist_n terras_fw-la curtiles_n or_o intra_fw-la curtem_fw-la land_n appropriate_a to_o the_o court_n or_o house_n of_o the_o lord_n outland_n outland_n be_v that_o which_o lie_v beyond_o or_o out_o from_o among_o the_o inland_n or_o demean_n and_o be_v not_o grant_v out_o to_o any_o tenant_n hereditary_o but_o like_o our_o copy-holds_a of_o ancient_a time_n have_v their_o original_n from_o thence_o mere_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o lord_n cujacius_n 12._o speak_v of_o this_o kind_n of_o land_n call_v it_o proprium_fw-la feudum_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v such_o land_n as_o be_v proper_o assign_v for_o feodal_n land_n proprium_fw-la feudum_fw-la est_fw-la say_v he_o extra_fw-la curtem_fw-la &_o consistit_fw-la in_o praediis_fw-la as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v that_o land_n proper_o be_v a_o feud_n or_o feudal_n land_n which_o lie_v without_o the_o demain_v of_o the_o manor_n and_o consist_v in_o land_n not_o in_o house_n we_o now_o call_v this_o outland_n the_o tenant_n land_n or_o the_o tenancy_n and_o so_o it_o be_v translate_v out_o of_o biritrick_n will_n in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n 495._o this_o outland_n they_o subdivide_v into_o two_o part_n whereof_o one_o part_n they_o dispose_v among_o such_o as_o attend_v on_o their_o person_n either_o in_o war_n or_o peace_n call_v theoden_n or_o lesser_a thanes_z after_o the_o manner_n of_o knight_n fee_n but_o much_o differ_v from_o they_o of_o our_o time_n as_o by_o that_o which_o follow_v shall_v appear_v the_o other_o part_n they_o allot_v to_o their_o husbandman_n who_o they_o term_v ceorl_n that_o be_v carl_n or_o churl_n and_o of_o they_o we_o shall_v speak_v far_o by_o and_o by_o when_o we_o consider_v all_o the_o degree_n aforesaid_a beginning_n with_o the_o earl_n chap._n vi_o of_o earl_n among_o our_o saxon_n ancient_o a_o earl_n in_o the_o signification_n of_o comes_n be_v not_o original_o a_o degree_n of_o dignity_n as_o it_o be_v with_o we_o at_o this_o day_n but_o of_o office_n and_o judicature_n in_o some_o city_n or_o portion_n of_o the_o country_n circumscribe_v ancient_o with_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o that_o diocese_n for_o that_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o earl_n then_o sit_v together_o in_o one_o court_n and_o hear_v joint_o the_o cause_n of_o church_n and_o commonwealth_n as_o they_o yet_o do_v in_o parliament_n but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n the_o earl_n grow_v to_o have_v the_o government_n common_o of_o the_o chief_a city_n and_o castle_n of_o his_o territory_n and_o withal_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o king_n profit_n arise_v by_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n fines_n forfeiture_n escheat_n etc._n etc._n annex_v to_o the_o office_n of_o his_o earldom_n yet_o all_o this_o not_o otherwise_o than_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o king_n which_o common_o be_v upon_o good_a behaviour_n and_o but_o during_o life_n at_o most_o this_o be_v apparent_a by_o the_o severe_a injunction_n of_o king_n alfred_n the_o great_a labour_v 21._o to_o plant_v literature_n and_o knowledge_n among_o the_o ignorant_a earl_n and_o sheriff_n of_o his_o kingdom_n impose_v upon_o they_o that_o they_o shall_v forthwith_o in_o all_o diligence_n apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o study_n of_o wisdom_n and_o knowledge_n or_o else_o forgo_v their_o office_n herewith_o say_v asser_n menevensis_n who_o live_v at_o that_o time_n and_o be_v great_a with_o the_o king_n the_o earl_n and_o sheriff_n be_v so_o affright_v that_o they_o rather_o choose_v insuetam_fw-la disciplinam_fw-la quam_fw-la laboriose_fw-la discere_fw-la quam_fw-la potestatum_fw-la ministeria_fw-la dimittere_fw-la that_o be_v to_o go_v at_o last_o to_o the_o school_n of_o knowledge_n how_o painful_a soever_o rather_o than_o to_o lose_v their_o office_n of_o authority_n and_o degree_n of_o honour_n which_o alfred_n there_o also_o declare_v that_o they_o have_v not_o by_o inheritance_n but_o by_o god_n gift_n and_o he_o dei_fw-la say_v he_o ibid._n dono_fw-la &_o meo_fw-la sapientium_fw-la ministeria_fw-la &_o gradus_fw-la usurpatis_fw-la this_o be_v manifest_a by_o divers_a other_o authority_n and_o example_n in_o my_o glossary_n in_o verbo_fw-la comes_fw-la as_o the_o reader_n if_o he_o please_v may_v there_o see_v hereditary_a some_o conjecture_n that_o deira_n and_o bernicia_n in_o northumberland_n and_o mercia_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o england_n be_v feudal_n and_o hereditary_a earldom_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n those_o of_o northumberland_n present_o after_o their_o first_o arrival_n under_o hengistus_n about_o the_o year_n 447._o that_o of_o mercia_n by_o the_o gift_n of_o alfred_n the_o great_a about_o the_o year_n 900._o to_o ethelredus_fw-la a_o man_n of_o power_n in_o way_n of_o marriage_n with_o his_o daughter_n ethelfleda_n but_o for_o aught_o i_o see_v it_o be_v neither_o prove_v by_o the_o succession_n of_o those_o earldom_n nor_o our_o author_n of_o antiquity_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o think_v it_o not_o strange_a that_o there_o be_v not_o at_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o saxon_n a_o feudal_n and_o hereditary_a earldom_n in_o all_o christendom_n as_o for_o this_o our_o britain_n the_o misery_n of_o it_o than_o be_v such_o as_o it_o rather_o seem_v a_o anarchy_n and_o chaos_n than_o in_o any_o form_n of_o government_n little_o better_a even_o in_o alfred_n day_n through_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o dane_n though_o he_o at_o last_o subdue_v they_o for_o his_o time_n how_o soever_o three_o or_o four_o example_n in_o five_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o conquest_n differ_v from_o the_o common_a use_n be_v no_o inference_n to_o overthrow_v it_o especial_o in_o time_n unsettled_a and_o tumultuous_a the_o noble_a earldom_n of_o arundel_n in_o our_o day_n of_o peace_n differ_v in_o constitution_n from_o all_o the_o other_o earldom_n of_o england_n yet_o that_o impeach_v not_o their_o common_a manner_n of_o succession_n france_n loyseau_n â—lt_n and_o pasquier_n learned_a frenchmen_n speak_v of_o the_o duke_n and_o earl_n of_o france_n which_o england_n ordinary_o follow_v and_o sometime_o too_o near_o the_o heel_n justify_v at_o large_a what_o i_o have_v say_v show_v the_o duke_n and_o earl_n in_o the_o roman_a empire_n from_o who_o example_n other_o every_o where_o be_v derive_v be_v like_o the_o proconsul_n and_o precedent_n of_o province_n simple_a officer_n who_o for_o their_o entertainment_n have_v nothing_o else_o but_o certain_a right_n and_o custom_n raise_v from_o the_o people_n which_o we_o in_o england_n call_v tertium_fw-la denarium_fw-la and_o that_o the_o duke_n and_o earl_n of_o france_n be_v officer_n in_o like_a manner_n but_o have_v the_o seigneurie_n of_o their_o territory_n annex_v to_o their_o office_n so_o that_o they_o be_v officer_n and_o vassal_n both_o at_o once_o that_o be_v to_o say_v officer_n by_o way_n of_o judicature_n and_o vassal_n who_o we_o call_v feodal_n tenant_n for_o their_o seignory_n of_o dukedom_n and_o
by_o the_o saxon_n it_o cast_v anchor_n chief_o on_o relief_n as_o a_o thing_n most_o evident_a and_o unanswerable_a the_o rest_n save_o wardship_n it_o scarce_o fortify_v with_o a_o breath_n beside_o the_o bare_a assertion_n this_o it_o say_v be_v common_a and_o in_o pursuit_n thereof_o 37._o add_v these_o word_n for_o relief_n we_o have_v full_a testimony_n in_o the_o relief_n of_o their_o earl_n and_o thanes_z for_o which_o see_v the_o law_n of_o king_n canutus_n cap._n 68_o and_o 69._o the_o law_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n cap._n de_fw-fr heretochiis_fw-la and_o what_o out_o of_o the_o book_n of_o doomsday_n coke_n have_v in_o his_o instit_n sect._n 103._o camden_n in_o berkshire_n selden_n in_o eadmer_n 154._o great_a authority_n secumque_fw-la deos_fw-la in_o praelia_fw-la ducunt_fw-la we_o must_v not_o meddle_v with_o they_o all_o at_o once_o let_v we_o try_v they_o single_o the_o law_n cite_v out_o of_o canutus_n be_v in_o these_o word_n and_o beon_o ða_fw-la heregeata_fw-la let_v the_o heriot_n which_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v after_o the_o death_n of_o great_a man_n be_v according_a to_o their_o dignity_n a_o earl_n eight_o horse_n four_o saddle_v and_o four_o unsaddle_v four_o helmet_n four_o corslet_n eight_o spear_n and_o as_o many_o shield_n four_o sword_n and_o two_o hundred_o mark_n of_o gold_n the_o heriot_n of_o a_o thane_n next_o to_o the_o king_n four_o horse_n two_o saddle_v and_o two_o unsaddle_v two_o sword_n four_o spear_n four_o shield_n one_o helmet_n one_o corslet_n and_o fifty_o mark_n of_o the_o inferior_a or_o middling_a thane_n a_o horse_n furnish_v and_o his_o weapon_n etc._n etc._n mediocris_fw-la and_o he_o that_o less_o have_v and_o less_o may_v let_v his_o heriot_n be_v two_o pound_n here_o be_v speech_n indeed_o of_o a_o heriot_n but_o none_o of_o relief_n i_o shall_v anon_o show_v the_o difference_n between_o they_o and_o then_o have_v this_o law_n nothing_o against_o i_o touch_v the_o law_n allege_v to_o be_v edward_n the_o confessor_n the_o word_n be_v these_o qui_fw-la in_o bello_fw-la ante_fw-la dominum_fw-la suum_fw-la ceciderit_fw-la sit_fw-la hoc_fw-la in_o terra_fw-la sit_fw-la alibi_fw-la sint_fw-la ei_fw-la relevationes_fw-la condonatae_fw-la etc._n etc._n here_o i_o confess_v be_v mention_n of_o relief_n but_o i_o deny_v this_o to_o be_v the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n it_o be_v true_a that_o it_o be_v publish_v by_o lambard_n among_o his_o receive_a law_n but_o if_o you_o mark_v it_o in_o a_o differ_a letter_n as_o note_v it_o to_o be_v a_o addition_n in_o a_o ancient_a ms._n therefore_o which_o i_o have_v of_o those_o law_n it_o be_v not_o sound_a nor_o in_o the_o print_a copy_n of_o roger_n hoveden_n who_o write_v till_o the_o three_o year_n of_o king_n john_n that_o be_v 134._o year_n after_o the_o confessor_n time_n with_o reverence_n therefore_o be_v it_o speak_v it_o be_v mistake_v both_o in_o the_o report_n and_o by_o my_o ld._n coke_n himself_o who_o it_o follow_v if_o they_o say_v that_o these_o word_n be_v part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n yea_o the_o text_n itself_o make_v ....._o of_o william_n the_o young_a call_v rufus_n but_o to_o conceal_v no_o truth_n it_o be_v deliver_v by_o jornalensis_n monachus_n in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n as_o a_o law_n of_o a_o elder_a king_n among_o we_o than_o the_o confessor_n namely_o of_o canutus_n our_o danish_a king_n who_o in_o the_o 157._o chap._n of_o his_o law_n speak_v of_o one_o slay_v in_o battle_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o his_o lord_n say_v express_o sint_fw-la ei_fw-la relevationes_fw-la condonatae_fw-la now_o the_o game_n seem_v to_o be_v win_v but_o stay_v a_o while_n and_o remember_v what_o i_o say_v before_o of_o the_o translation_n of_o our_o saxon_a law_n and_o charter_n into_o latin_n the_o saxon_n and_o the_o dane_n who_o language_n and_o law_n differ_v little_a in_o those_o day_n write_v their_o law_n only_o in_o their_o own_o tongue_n and_o the_o translate_n of_o they_o have_v beget_v much_o variety_n and_o many_o controversy_n we_o must_v therefore_o resort_v to_o the_o original_a saxon_a where_o this_o passage_n be_v in_o the_o 75_o the_o chap._n of_o the_o second_o part_n of_o his_o law_n in_o these_o word_n &_o see_v man_n ðe_fw-la aet_fw-la ðam_fw-la syâ—dung_n toforan_n his_o hlaâ—ord_n bealle_n sy_a hit_v innan_n land_n sy_a hit_n of_o land_n beon_fw-mi herogeata_fw-la forgyfene_fw-la which_o be_v thus_o verbatim_o the_o man_n that_o in_o a_o military_a voyage_n be_v slay_v before_o or_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o his_o lord_n be_v it_o upon_o land_n or_o off_o of_o land_n let_v the_o heriot_n be_v forgive_v he_o he_o say_v not_o let_v the_o releif_n but_o let_v the_o heriot_n be_v forgive_v he_o and_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o this_o may_v be_v one_o of_o the_o danish_a law_n which_o edward_n the_o confessor_n take_v out_o of_o canutus_n law_n when_o he_o compose_v the_o common_a law_n out_o of_o the_o west_n saxon_a law_n mercian_n law_n and_o dane_n law_n if_o the_o copy_n of_o they_o be_v extant_a and_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n or_o one_o of_o his_o son_n do_v turn_v that_o law_n of_o heriot_n into_o this_o of_o relief_n for_o that_o which_o my_o lord_n coke_n have_v out_o of_o doomsday_n be_v the_o same_o which_o mr._n cambden_n have_v in_o berkshire_n touch_v all_o that_o county_n ut_fw-la tainus_n vel_fw-la miles_n regis_fw-la dominicus_n moriens_fw-la pro_fw-la releviamento_fw-la dimittebat_fw-la regi_fw-la omne_fw-la arma_fw-la sua_fw-la &_o equum_fw-la unum_fw-la cum_fw-la sella_fw-la &_o alium_fw-la sine_fw-la sella_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la essent_fw-la cane_n vel_fw-la accipitres_fw-la praestabantur_fw-la releviamentum_fw-la regi_fw-la ut_fw-la sivellet_fw-la acciperet_fw-la here_o be_v releviamentum_fw-la use_v in_o the_o conquerour_n time_n which_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o our_o question_n be_v of_o it_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n that_o also_o cite_v by_o and_o out_o of_o mr._n selden_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o one_o answer_n therefore_o serve_v to_o all_o the_o three_o yet_o by_o way_n of_o corollary_n i_o shall_v anon_o discover_v another_o error_n of_o this_o sort_n rise_v even_o from_o doomsday_n itself_o and_o the_o norman_n possess_v this_o kingdom_n of_o the_o saxon_n but_o not_o well_o instruct_v in_o their_o law_n and_o custom_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v chap._n xviii_o difference_n between_o heriot_n and_o relief_n relief_n heriot_n be_v usual_a among_o the_o latter_a saxon_n relief_n among_o the_o elder_n norman_n before_o their_o come_n into_o england_n this_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o feudal_n law_n and_o other_o nation_n that_o ordain_v by_o ludovicus_n al._n clodoveus_n king_n of_o france_n about_o the_o year_n 511._o to_o tame_a the_o almain_n who_o he_o then_o have_v bring_v to_o servitude_n i_o find_v it_o not_o in_o england_n till_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o dane_n the_o first_o law_n which_o i_o find_v that_o mention_v it_o be_v those_o of_o canutus_n before_o mention_v who_o perhaps_o for_o the_o assurance_n of_o his_o throne_n use_v this_o politic_a device_n to_o have_v all_o the_o armour_n of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o his_o disposition_n in_o this_o manner_n when_o he_o have_v dismiss_v his_o danish_a army_n but_o it_o fall_v so_o out_o as_o the_o heriot_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v at_o or_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o old_a tenant_n and_o the_o relief_n at_o or_o before_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o new_a the_o norman_n in_o this_o do_v like_o our_o ancestor_n the_o saxon_n who_o because_o our_o christian_n pascha_fw-la or_o passover_n fall_v out_o yearly_a to_o be_v celebrate_v about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o feast_n of_o their_o idol_n easter_n call_v our_o passover_n by_o the_o name_n of_o their_o easter_n so_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v conceive_v the_o saxon_a heriot_n to_o be_v the_o same_o that_o their_o norman_a relief_n be_v and_o therefore_o translate_v the_o word_n heriot_n by_o releviamentum_fw-la or_o relevium_fw-la and_o raise_v the_o form_n of_o their_o feudal_n law_n in_o england_n draw_v the_o saxon_a custom_n to_o cohere_v therewith_o as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v but_o there_o be_v great_a difference_n between_o heriot_n and_o relief_n for_o heriot_n be_v militiae_fw-la apparatus_n which_o the_o word_n signify_v and_o devise_v as_o i_o say_v before_o to_o keep_v the_o conquer_a nation_n in_o subjection_n and_o to_o support_v the_o public_a strength_n and_o military_a furniture_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o relief_n for_o the_o private_a commodity_n of_o the_o lord_n that_o he_o may_v not_o have_v inutilem_fw-la proprietatem_fw-la in_o the_o seignory_n the_o heriots_n be_v therefore_o proper_o pay_v in_o habiliment_n of_o war_n the_o relief_n usual_o in_o money_n the_o heriot_n for_o the_o tenant_n that_o die_v and_o out_o of_o his_o good_n â—_o the_o relief_n for_o the_o tenant_n
town_n call_v burgess_n and_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o cinque-port_n the_o first_o sort_n be_v to_o appear_v personal_o or_o by_o particular_a proxy_n for_o the_o word_n as_o touch_v they_o be_v summoniri_fw-la faciemus_fw-la sigillatim_fw-la but_o as_o touch_v the_o other_o it_o be_v summoniri_fw-la faciemus_fw-la generaliter_fw-la etc._n etc._n not_o that_o all_o shall_v come_v confuse_o but_o that_o they_o shall_v send_v their_o advocate_n which_o common_o be_v but_o two_o to_o speak_v for_o they_o these_o the_o french_a in_o their_o parliament_n call_v 27._o ambasiatores_fw-la and_o syndicos_fw-la in_o the_o first_o rank_n the_o earl_n and_o great_a baron_n have_v their_o place_n in_o this_o council_n for_o that_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o a_o barony_n and_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n with_o they_o of_o the_o second_o rank_n so_o likewise_o for_o that_o it_o be_v declare_v and_o ordain_v in_o the_o council_n of_o clarendon_n that_o they_o shall_v have_v their_o possession_n of_o the_o king_n as_o a_o barony_n and_o shall_v be_v suitor_n and_o sit_v in_o the_o king_n court_n in_o judgement_n as_o other_o baron_n till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o diminution_n of_o member_n or_o matter_n of_o death_n but_o this_o council_n of_o clarendon_n do_v rather_o affirm_v than_o give_v they_o their_o privilege_n for_o the_o prelate_n of_o the_o church_n be_v in_o all_o age_n the_o prime_a part_n of_o these_o great_a council_n in_o the_o three_o rank_n the_o burgess_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o cinque-port_n have_v their_o place_n not_o so_o much_o in_o respect_n of_o tenure_n for_o they_o be_v not_o conceive_v to_o be_v owner_n of_o land_n but_o for_o that_o in_o tax_n and_o tallage_n touch_v their_o good_n and_o matter_n of_o trade_n they_o may_v have_v some_o to_o speak_v for_o they_o as_o well_o as_o other_o member_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o here_o then_o arise_v a_o question_n how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o every_o poor_a burrow_n of_o england_n how_o little_a soever_o it_o be_v two_o except_v have_v two_o to_o speak_v for_o they_o in_o this_o great_a council_n when_o the_o great_a county_n have_v no_o more_o it_o seem_v that_o those_o of_o the_o county_n who_o we_o call_v knight_n serve_v not_o in_o ancient_a time_n for_o all_o the_o freeholders_n of_o the_o county_n as_o at_o this_o day_n they_o do_v but_o be_v only_o choose_v in_o the_o behalf_n of_o they_o that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o be_v not_o barones_n majores_fw-la baron_n of_o the_o realm_n for_o all_o freeholder_n beside_o they_o have_v their_o lord_n paramount_n which_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la to_o speak_v for_o they_o as_o i_o have_v show_v before_o and_o these_o only_o have_v no_o body_n for_o that_o themselves_o hold_v immediate_o of_o the_o king_n therefore_o king_n john_n by_o his_o charter_n do_v agree_v to_o summon_v they_o only_o and_o no_o other_o freeholder_n howbeit_o those_o other_o freeholder_n because_o they_o can_v not_o always_o be_v certain_o distinguish_v from_o they_o that_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la which_o increase_v daily_o grow_v by_o little_a and_o little_a to_o have_v voice_n in_o election_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o at_o last_o to_o be_v confirm_v therein_o by_o the_o stat._n 7._o henr._n iu._n and_o 8._o henr._n vi_o but_o to_o come_v to_o our_o question_n why_o there_o be_v but_o two_o knight_n for_o a_o county_n it_o may_v well_o seem_v to_o be_v for_o that_o in_o those_o time_n of_o old_a there_o be_v very_o few_o beside_o the_o baron_n that_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o that_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v and_o that_o two_o therefore_o may_v seem_v sufficient_a for_o these_o few_o as_o well_o as_o two_o for_o the_o great_a burrough_n or_o city_n of_o england_n except_o london_n and_o it_o may_v be_v that_o of_o the_o four_o which_o serve_v for_o london_n two_o of_o they_o be_v for_o it_o as_o it_o be_v a_o city_n and_o two_o other_o as_o it_o be_v a_o county_n though_o elsewhere_o it_o be_v not_o so_o but_o when_o two_o come_v first_o to_o be_v choose_v or_o appoint_v for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o burrow_n or_o county_n i_o can_v find_v it_o seem_v by_o those_o synod_n that_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n and_o by_o some_o after_o the_o conquest_n that_o great_a number_n of_o the_o common_a people_n flow_v thither_o epist_n for_o it_o be_v say_v in_o an._n 1021._o cum_fw-la quamplurimis_fw-la gregariis_fw-la militibus_fw-la ac_fw-la cum_fw-la populi_fw-la multitudine_fw-la copiosa_fw-la and_o an._n 1126._o innumeraque_fw-la cleri_fw-la &_o populi_fw-la multitudine_fw-la and_o so_o likewise_o in_o an._n 1138._o and_o other_o synod_n and_o council_n by_o what_o order_n or_o limitation_n this_o innumera_fw-la populi_fw-la multitudo_fw-la come_v to_o these_o assembly_n it_o appear_v not_o 10._o bartol_n that_o famous_a civilian_n and_o 15._o hottoman_a according_a with_o he_o thus_o expound_v it_o in_o other_o place_n nota_fw-la quod_fw-la praesides_fw-la provinciarum_fw-la coadunant_fw-la universale_fw-la parlamentum_fw-la provinciae_fw-la quod_fw-la intellige_fw-la non_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la de_fw-la provincia_n debent_fw-la ad_fw-la illud_fw-la ire_n sed_fw-la de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la civitatibus_fw-la deputantur_fw-la ambasiatores_fw-la qui_fw-la civitatem_fw-la repraesentant_fw-la and_o l._n johan_n de_fw-fr platea_n likewise_o say_v vbi_fw-la super_fw-la aliquo_fw-la providendum_fw-la est_fw-la pro_fw-la utilitate_fw-la totius_fw-la provinciae_fw-la debet_fw-la congregari_fw-la generale_fw-mi concilium_fw-la seu_fw-la parlamentum_fw-la non_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la de_fw-la provincia_n vadant_fw-la sed_fw-la de_fw-la qualibet_fw-la civitate_fw-la aliqui_fw-la ambasiatores_fw-la vel_fw-la syndici_fw-la qui_fw-la totam_fw-la civitatem_fw-la repraesentent_fw-la in_o quo_fw-la concilio_n seu_fw-la parlamento_n petitur_fw-la proponi_fw-la sanum_fw-la ac_fw-la utile_fw-la consilium_fw-la but_o our_o burgess_n as_o it_o seem_v in_o time_n of_o old_a be_v not_o call_v to_o consult_v of_o state_n matter_n be_v unproper_a to_o their_o education_n otherwise_o than_o in_o matter_n of_o aid_n and_o subsidy_n for_o king_n john_n grant_v no_o more_o unto_o they_o than_o ad_fw-la habendum_fw-la commune_v consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la de_fw-la auxiliis_fw-la assidâ—ndis_fw-la if_o his_o charter_n be_v so_o point_v that_o this_o clause_n belong_v to_o that_o of_o the_o liberty_n grant_v to_o they_o which_o be_v very_o doubtful_a and_o seem_v rather_o to_o belong_v to_o that_o which_o follow_v otherwise_o there_o be_v no_o word_n at_o all_o for_o call_v they_o unto_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n if_o you_o so_o will_v term_v they_o of_o that_o time_n and_o yet_o further_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o this_o whole_a branch_n of_o his_o charter_n touch_v the_o manner_n of_o his_o summon_n a_o great_a council_n be_v not_o comprise_v in_o the_o article_n between_o he_o and_o his_o baron_n whereupon_o the_o charter_n be_v ground_v but_o gain_v from_o he_o as_o it_o seem_v afterward_o and_o that_o may_v be_v a_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v leave_v out_o in_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o henry_n iii_o confirm_v after_o by_o edward_n i._o in_o such_o manner_n as_o now_o we_o have_v it_o the_o charter_n of_o these_o article_n i_o have_v see_v under_o his_o own_o seal_n after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n john_n i_o find_v many_o of_o these_o great_a council_n hold_v and_o to_o be_v often_o name_v by_o the_o author_n of_o that_o time_n colloquia_fw-la after_o the_o french_a word_n parliament_n but_o no_o mention_n in_o any_o of_o they_o of_o burgess_n save_v that_o in_o an._n dom._n 1225._o regis_fw-la 10._o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o king_n hold_v his_o christmas_n at_o westminster_n praesentibus_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la cum_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regionis_fw-la and_o that_o the_o solemnity_n be_v end_v hugh_n de_fw-fr burgo_n the_o king_n justice_n propound_v to_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n earls_z baron_n &_o aliis_fw-la universis_fw-la the_o loss_n the_o king_n have_v receive_v in_o france_n require_v of_o they_o one_o xv_o the_o and_o in_o the_o year_n 1229._o the_o king_n summon_v to_o westminster_n archiepiscopos_fw-la episcopos_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la templarios_fw-la hospitalarios_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n ecclesiarum_fw-la rectores_fw-la &_o qui_fw-fr de_fw-fr se_fw-la tenebant_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la about_o the_o grant_v a_o ten_o to_o the_o pope_n wherein_o those_o that_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la be_v call_v as_o in_o henr._n ii_o to_o the_o council_n of_o clarendon_n and_o as_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n purport_v but_o no_o mention_n be_v here_o make_v of_o burgess_n the_o original_a of_o the_o four_o term_n of_o the_o year_n by_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n kt._n print_a in_o the_o year_n 1684._o from_o a_o very_a uncorrect_a and_o imperfect_a copy_n now_o publish_a from_o the_o original_a manuscript_n in_o the_o bodleian_n library_n sir_n william_n dugdale_n in_o his_o origines_fw-la juridiciales_fw-la chap._n 32._o
health_n be_v there_o in_o let_v off_o a_o cross-bow_n wherein_o neither_o head_n hand_n nor_o foot_n no_o not_o the_o nimble_a member_n of_o the_o body_n the_o eye_n stir_v all_o that_o while_n five_o the_o canon_n have_v sy_n saepius_fw-la detentus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la if_o he_o make_v a_o life_n or_o occupation_n of_o it_o which_o his_o lordship_n do_v not_o burchard_n say_v detectus_fw-la and_o with_o more_o reason_n and_o i_o suppose_v his_o lordship_n use_v it_o very_o temperate_o yet_o the_o apologist_n in_o his_o five_o section_n insinuate_v that_o his_o lordship_n do_v it_o often_o six_o whereas_o he_o say_v that_o the_o canon_n speak_v against_o clamosa_fw-la venatio_fw-la not_o quieta_fw-la or_o modesta_fw-la i_o find_v no_o such_o word_n or_o distinction_n in_o the_o canon_n yet_o be_v there_o no_o doubt_n that_o if_o the_o deer_n be_v not_o kill_v out_o of_o hand_n but_o in_o recover_v he_o there_o must_v be_v both_o clamour_v and_o venatio_n thus_o he_o count_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o canon_n to_o be_v stop_v yet_o because_o it_o be_v good_a to_o make_v sure_a work_n with_o so_o dangerous_a a_o object_n now_o he_o set_v law_n upon_o law_n the_o common_a against_o the_o canon_n or_o at_o least_o the_o statute_n which_o indeed_o have_v crack_v a_o great_a sort_n of_o canon_n that_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o henry_n viii_o 35._o ca._n 16._o no_o canon_n be_v in_o force_n in_o england_n which_o be_v not_o in_o use_n or_o be_v contrary_a or_o derogatory_n to_o the_o law_n or_o statute_n of_o this_o realm_n or_o to_o the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o royal_a crown_n of_o which_o sort_n he_o say_v this_o be_v one_o and_o give_v his_o reason_n for_o in_o charta_fw-la de_fw-fr foresta_n archbishop_n and_o bishop_n by_o name_n have_v liberty_n to_o hunt_n and_o 13._o ric._n ii_o ca._n 13._o a_o clergyman_n who_o have_v 10l._o by_o the_o year_n may_v keep_v greyhound_n to_o hunt_n the_o name_n of_o charta_fw-la de_fw-fr foresta_n and_o also_o of_o hunt_v be_v clero_fw-la lachrimabile_fw-la nomen_fw-la for_o the_o first_o breach_n that_o ever_o be_v make_v into_o the_o freedom_n of_o clergyman_n and_o which_o give_v passage_n to_o all_o that_o follow_v rose_z from_o the_o occasion_n of_o clergyman_n hunt_v in_o forest_n which_o henry_n ii_o great_o discontent_v with_o never_o rest_v till_o by_o assent_n of_o the_o pope_n legate_n hugo_n petro-leonis_a he_o obtain_v a_o law_n in_o the_o twenty_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n an._n dom._n 1157._o to_o convent_v they_o therefore_o before_o secular_a judge_n and_o there_o to_o punish_v they_o but_o to_o our_o purpose_n there_o be_v no_o contradiction_n as_o i_o take_v it_o between_o the_o canon_n de_fw-fr clerico_n venatore_fw-la and_o charta_fw-la or_o statutum_n de_fw-fr foresta_n the_o canon_n do_v say_v they_o shall_v not_o hunt_n and_o the_o statute_n do_v not_o say_v they_o shall_v the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n ca._n 17._o be_v thus_o a_o archbishop_n bishop_n earl_n or_o baron_n come_v to_o we_o upon_o our_o command_n and_o pass_v through_o our_o forest_n liccat_fw-la ei_fw-la capere_fw-la unam_fw-la bestiam_fw-la vel_fw-la dvas_fw-la per_fw-la visum_fw-la forestarii_fw-la si_fw-la praesens_fw-la fuerit_fw-la sin_n autem_fw-la faciat_fw-la cornare_fw-la ne_fw-la videatur_fw-la furtum_fw-la facere_fw-la here_o be_v no_o word_n of_o hunt_v but_o that_o they_o may_v take_v a_o deer_n and_o this_o they_o will_v say_v can_v be_v but_o either_o with_o dog_n or_o engine_n and_o so_o consequent_o by_o hunt_v but_o the_o very_a word_n of_o charta_fw-la de_fw-fr foresta_n seem_v to_o show_v that_o it_o be_v not_o mean_v the_o bishop_n shall_v be_v a_o huntsman_n for_o that_o it_o admit_v he_o not_o to_o have_v so_o much_o skill_n in_o hunt_v as_o to_o wind_v a_o horn_n though_o that_o by_o no_o law_n or_o canon_n be_v forbid_v to_o he_o and_o therefore_o say_v not_o corniat_fw-la ipse_fw-la but_o faciat_fw-la corniare_fw-la let_v he_o cause_v a_o horn_n to_o be_v blow_v etc._n etc._n i_o conceive_v the_o meaning_n to_o be_v that_o the_o bishop_n and_o baron_n shall_v each_o of_o they_o take_v as_o they_o may_v the_o baron_n by_o hunt_v if_o they_o will_v in_o their_o own_o person_n the_o bishop_n as_o they_o may_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o their_o officer_n and_o servant_n it_o be_v a_o common_a phrase_n in_o all_o old_a charter_n that_o the_o bishop_n shall_v have_v sac_n and_o soc_n toll_n and_o team_n etc._n etc._n i._n e._n cognisance_n of_o plea_n suit_n of_o court_n towle_z and_o such_o other_o custom_n shall_v we_o intend_v that_o he_o must_v take_v these_o in_o his_o own_o person_n no_o it_o be_v not_o henry_n the_o three_o meaning_n when_o he_o grant_v the_o charter_n of_o the_o forest_n to_o break_v the_o law_n of_o the_o church_n for_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la ca._n 1._o he_o grant_v that_o the_o church_n shall_v have_v omnia_fw-la jura_fw-la sua_fw-la integra_fw-la &_o libertates_fw-la svas_fw-la illaesas_fw-la which_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v if_o by_o his_o charter_n he_o change_v the_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n especial_o in_o matter_n of_o doctrine_n and_o conscience_n as_o when_o the_o church_n teach_v that_o a_o clerk_n may_v not_o be_v a_o huntsman_n for_o he_o to_o say_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v doubtless_o if_o he_o will_v the_o clergy_n will_v not_o then_o accept_v it_o in_o the_o person_n of_o a_o bishop_n there_o be_v three_o distinct_a faculty_n his_o spiritual_a function_n wherein_o he_o be_v a_o bishop_n his_o legal_a ability_n wherein_o he_o be_v a_o layman_n and_o have_v liberty_n to_o contract_n etc._n etc._n and_o his_o temporal_a dignity_n wherein_o he_o be_v a_o baron_n and_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o participate_v their_o privilege_n i_o can_v put_v case_n wherein_o every_o of_o these_o may_v be_v see_v sever_v from_o the_o other_o but_o i_o shall_v then_o wander_v from_o my_o matter_n only_o i_o present_v they_o thus_o anatomy_v that_o it_o may_v appear_v what_o portion_n the_o church_n have_v in_o they_o what_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o what_o the_o king_n that_o so_o it_o may_v also_o the_o better_a appear_v how_o the_o law_n both_o of_o the_o church_n and_o kingdom_n be_v to_o be_v apply_v unto_o they_o respective_o when_o therefore_o the_o king_n grant_v temporal_a land_n unto_o they_o though_o they_o take_v they_o as_o lay-baron_n and_o in_o their_o temporal_a capacity_n yet_o may_v they_o not_o otherwise_o use_v they_o than_o may_v stand_v with_o their_o spiritual_a function_n no_o more_o than_o when_o he_o grant_v ecclesiastical_a possession_n to_o a_o layman_n the_o grantee_n may_v otherwise_o use_v they_o than_o as_o a_o layman_n for_o example_n it_o be_v a_o common_a thing_n in_o old_a time_n that_o the_o king_n grant_v church_n to_o layman_n by_o the_o name_n of_o ecclesiam_fw-la de_fw-fr dale_n and_o ecclesiam_fw-la de_fw-fr sale_n yet_o it_o be_v never_o intend_v that_o the_o grantee_n though_o he_o have_v the_o church_n to_o order_n and_o dispose_v shall_v contrary_a to_o his_o vocation_n meddle_v with_o the_o divine_a service_n but_o present_v his_o clerk_n only_o so_o in_o like_a manner_n when_o the_o king_n grant_v to_o clergyman_n chase_n park_n and_o warren_n it_o be_v not_o intend_v that_o contrary_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o their_o profession_n and_o law_n of_o the_o church_n they_o shall_v or_o may_v become_v hunter_n and_o forester_n my_o long_a stay_n upon_o this_o point_n be_v a_o preparative_n to_o a_o answer_n to_o the_o next_o which_o be_v the_o statute_n of_o ric._n ii_o be_v in_o the_o negative_a that_o no_o priest_n nor_o other_o clerk_n not_o advance_v to_o 10l._o a_o year_n shall_v have_v or_o keep_v any_o greyhound_n nor_o other_o dog_n to_o hunt_n nor_o they_o shall_v not_o use_v ferret_n hay_n net_n hare-pipe_n nor_o cord_n nor_o other_o engine_n for_o to_o take_v and_o destroy_v dear_a hare_n nor_o coney_n etc._n etc._n upon_o pain_n of_o one_o year_n imprisonment_n the_o statute_n i_o say_v be_v in_o the_o negative_a and_o say_v that_o none_o under_o 10l._o a_o year_n shall_v keep_v but_o say_v not_o in_o the_o affirmative_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o they_o that_o have_v 10l._o a_o year_n to_o keep_v etc._n etc._n i_o shall_v therefore_o think_v that_o this_o statute_n do_v not_o discharge_v a_o priest_n have_v 10l._o a_o year_n and_o use_v hunting_n against_o the_o canon-law_n no_o more_o than_o the_o statute_n of_o usury_n forbid_v a_o man_n to_o take_v above_o 10l._o loan_n for_o a_o 100_o l_o give_v he_o liberty_n to_o take_v that_o 10l._o or_o do_v discharge_v he_o against_o the_o canon_n of_o usury_n touch_v his_o inference_n that_o linwood_n speak_v not_o one_o word_n against_o hunt_v simple_o by_o clergyman_n but_o against_o their_o use_v it_o in_o place_n restrain_v it_o be_v true_a for_o the_o text_n of_o
the_o canon_n lead_v he_o no_o further_o be_v only_a de_fw-fr clerico_n de_fw-fr transgressione_n forestae_fw-la aut_fw-la parci_fw-la alicujus_fw-la diffamato_fw-la and_o make_v to_o no_o other_o intent_n than_o to_o aggravate_v the_o censure_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n which_o before_o be_v not_o sharp_a enough_o against_o offender_n in_o that_o kind_n but_o johannes_n de_fw-fr athon_n as_o great_a a_o canonist_n and_o somewhat_o elder_a who_o linwood_n often_o cit_v and_o rely_v upon_o as_o one_o well_o understand_v the_o ecclesiastical_a constitution_n and_o the_o law_n of_o england_n have_v apparent_o condemn_v it_o in_o the_o place_n by_o i_o recite_v yet_o be_v it_o to_o be_v note_v that_o neither_o athon_n nor_o linwood_n intend_v to_o gloss_n upon_o all_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n but_o athon_n only_o upon_o those_o of_o otho_n and_o othobon_n and_o linwood_n begin_v where_o athon_n leave_v upon_o those_o of_o stephen_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o his_o successor_n there_o be_v therefore_o a_o great_a number_n of_o canon_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n which_o neither_o of_o these_o canonist_n have_v either_o meddle_v with_o or_o so_o much_o as_o touch_v as_o also_o there_o be_v many_o statute_n in_o force_n which_o be_v no_o where_o mention_v in_o any_o of_o the_o abridgement_n but_o jo._n de_fw-fr burgo_n another_o english_a canonist_n and_o chancellor_n of_o cambridge_n who_o write_v in_o richard_n the_o second_v time_n take_v notice_n of_o this_o canon_n and_o that_o hunting_n be_v thereby_o forbid_v to_o our_o clergyman_n as_o appear_v in_o his_o pupilla_fw-la oculi_fw-la part_n 7._o ca._n 10._o m_o clericâ—râ—m_o to_o go_v on_o the_o apology_n say_v that_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n have_v former_o more_o than_o twenty_o park_n and_o chase_n to_o use_v at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o by_o charter_n have_v free-warren_n in_o all_o his_o land_n habutsse_o lugubre_fw-la it_o seem_v the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o latter_a time_n the_o more_o pâ—ty_n dissent_v from_o the_o former_a yet_o do_v not_o the_o former_a approve_v that_o bishop_n shall_v use_v they_o at_o their_o pleasure_n but_o as_o the_o law_n and_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n permit_v for_o as_o they_o have_v many_o park_n and_o warren_n so_o have_v they_o many_o castle_n and_o fortress_n and_o may_v for_o their_o safety_n dwell_v in_o they_o but_o as_o they_o may_v not_o be_v soldier_n in_o the_o one_o so_o may_v they_o not_o be_v huntsman_n in_o the_o other_o in_o like_a sort_n the_o abbot_n and_o monk_n of_o st._n alban_n as_o mat._n paris_n report_v the_o case_n in_o an._n 1240._o pa._n 205._o have_v free-warren_n at_o st._n alban_n &c._n &c._n by_o grant_n of_o the_o king_n and_o recover_v damage_n against_o many_o that_o enter_v into_o the_o same_o and_o hunt_v for_o the_o have_v of_o it_o be_v lawful_a as_o appear_v in_o the_o clementines_n tit._n de_fw-la statu_fw-la monast_n §_o porro_fw-la a_o venatoribus_fw-la but_o it_o be_v there_o express_o forbid_v that_o either_o they_o shall_v hunt_v in_o it_o themselves_o or_o be_v present_a when_o other_o do_v hunt_v or_o that_o they_o shall_v keep_v cane_n venatico_v aut_fw-la infra_fw-la monasteria_fw-la seu_fw-la domus_fw-la quas_fw-la inhabitant_n aut_fw-la eorum_fw-la clausuras_fw-la pa._n 207._o radulphus_fw-la de_fw-la diceto_fw-la in_o an._n 1189._o say_v that_o the_o bishop_n of_o that_o time_n affect_v to_o get_v into_o their_o hand_n comitatus_fw-la vicecomitatus_a vel_fw-la castellarias_fw-la counties_n sheriffwicks_n and_o constable-ship_n of_o castle_n but_o shall_v we_o think_v they_o either_o do_v or_o may_v use_v they_o in_o their_o own_o person_n as_o with_o banner_n display_v to_o lead_v forth_o the_o soldier_n of_o their_o county_n or_o with_o sword_n and_o target_n to_o defend_v the_o wall_n of_o their_o castle_n or_o with_o a_o white_a wand_n to_o collect_v the_o king_n revenue_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v true_a that_o walter_n bishop_n of_o durham_n have_v buy_v the_o county_n of_o northumberland_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n will_v needs_o sit_v himself_o in_o the_o county-court_n but_o he_o pay_v dear_o for_o it_o for_o his_o countryman_n furious_o slay_v he_o even_o sit_v there_o matt._n paris_n in_o an._n 1075._o so_o hugh_n bishop_n of_o coventry_n exercise_v the_o sheriff_n place_n but_o be_v excommunicate_a for_o it_o as_o contra_fw-la dignitatem_fw-la episc_n and_o so_o acknowledge_v his_o error_n dicet_fw-la in_o an._n 1190._o but_o every_o one_o will_v say_v it_o be_v a_o common_a thing_n in_o old_a time_n for_o bishop_n to_o be_v judge_n in_o secular_a court_n i_o confess_v it_o and_o think_v it_o godly_a and_o lawful_a as_o it_o be_v use_v at_o the_o first_o for_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o earl_n sit_v together_o in_o the_o county-court_n the_o bishop_n as_o chancellor_n to_o deliver_v dei_fw-la rectum_fw-la and_o populum_fw-la doâ—ere_fw-la the_o earl_n as_o secular_a judge_n to_o deliver_v rectum_fw-la seculi_fw-la and_o populum_fw-la coercere_fw-la as_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edgar_n and_o other_o but_o when_o the_o bishop_n begin_v to_o supply_v both_o place_n and_o to_o be_v mere_a judge_n of_o secular_a court_n than_o be_v they_o prohibit_v by_o many_o canon_n and_o therefore_o roger_n bishop_n of_o salisbury_n be_v importune_v by_o the_o king_n to_o be_v his_o justice_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n accept_v it_o till_o he_o have_v obtain_v dispensation_n not_o only_o from_o his_o metropolitan_a the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n but_o from_o the_o pope_n himself_o as_o dicetus_n affirm_v in_o an._n 1190._o and_o no_o doubt_n but_o other_o of_o wisdom_n do_v the_o like_a in_o those_o thing_n therefore_o that_o bishop_n do_v against_o canon_n we_o must_v take_v no_o example_n to_o follow_v they_o for_o though_o their_o public_a action_n be_v manifest_a yet_o their_o dispensation_n and_o matter_n of_o excuse_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n secret_a neither_o do_v every_o thing_n do_v against_o a_o canon_n produce_v irregularity_n if_o some_o criminous_a mischance_n follow_v not_o thereon_o for_o the_o record_n that_o relate_v that_o the_o bishop_n of_o rochester_n be_v at_o his_o death_n to_o render_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n his_o kennel_n of_o hound_n as_o a_o mortuary_n and_o that_o the_o law_n take_v notice_n of_o it_o for_o the_o king_n sede_fw-la vacant_a under_o the_o name_n of_o muta_fw-la canum_fw-la and_o mulctura_fw-la i_o must_v as_o they_o say_v in_o the_o law_n demand_v oyer_n of_o the_o record_n we_o shall_v otherwise_o spend_v many_o word_n in_o vain_a but_o that_o dog_n shall_v be_v give_v for_o a_o mortuary_n be_v against_o all_o likelihood_n for_o a_o mortuary_n be_v as_o a_o offering_n give_v by_o he_o that_o die_v unto_o the_o church_n in_o recompense_n of_o his_o tithe_n forget_v and_o it_o be_v a_o plain_a text_n deuter._n 28._o 18._o non_fw-la offeres_fw-la mercedem_fw-la prostibuli_fw-la nec_fw-la pretium_fw-la canis_fw-la in_o domo_fw-la domini_fw-la but_o if_o there_o be_v no_o other_o word_n to_o signify_v a_o kennel_n of_o hound_n than_o muta_fw-la canum_fw-la and_o mulctura_fw-la the_o exposition_n may_v be_v doubtful_a though_o it_o come_v somewhat_o near_o it_o freder_n ii_o emp._n in_o the_o prologue_n to_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr venatione_fw-la speak_v of_o a_o hawks-mue_a say_v domicula_fw-la quae_fw-la dicitur_fw-la muta_fw-la follow_v the_o italian_a vulgar_a which_o come_v à _fw-la mutando_fw-la because_o the_o hawk_n do_v there_o change_v her_o coat_n and_o for_o the_o affinity_n between_o dog_n and_o hawk_n it_o may_v be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d transfer_v to_o a_o dog-kennel_n and_o whether_o to_o the_o hound_n themselves_o or_o no_o it_o be_v not_o much_o material_a for_o no_o doubt_n they_o that_o may_v have_v park_n and_o warrens_n may_v have_v dog_n and_o hound_n for_o hunt_v but_o every_o body_n that_o may_v have_v hound_n may_v not_o use_v they_o themselves_o as_o appear_v by_o that_o which_o i_o say_v before_o out_o of_o the_o clementines_n and_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o justice_n brudnel_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o judge_n 12._o henr._n viii_o fol._n 5._o where_o it_o be_v say_v a_o man_n may_v keep_v hound_n notwithstanding_o the_o statute_n of_o 13._o ric._n ii_o but_o he_o must_v not_o hunt_n as_o he_o may_v keep_v apparel_n of_o cloth_n of_o gold_n notwithstanding_o the_o statute_n of_o apparel_n but_o he_o must_v not_o wear_v it_o beside_o religious_a person_n in_o ancient_a time_n be_v drive_v to_o have_v dog-kennel_n for_o the_o king_n hound_n for_o rad._n niger_n in_o an._n ....._o say_v that_o king_n henry_n ii_o abbate_n hypodromos_fw-la &_o canum_fw-la custodes_fw-la fecit_fw-la after_o all_o this_o his_o lordship_n be_v defend_v with_o the_o perpetual_a use_n of_o hunt_v by_o bishop_n in_o their_o park_n and_o by_o the_o particular_a example_n of_o some_o eminent_a man_n his_o predecessor_n
rex_fw-la ipsum_fw-la henr._n sharnburn_n singulari_fw-la quadam_fw-la gratia_fw-la &_o favore_fw-la amplectens_fw-la primo_fw-la fecit_fw-la eum_fw-la militem_fw-la deinde_fw-la le_fw-fr provost_z marshal_n &_o postea_fw-la vice-admirallum_a angliae_fw-la misitque_fw-la cum_fw-la ad_fw-la mare_fw-la navi_fw-la viris_fw-la &_o armis_fw-la fortiter_fw-la munita_fw-la ut_fw-la perpulsaret_fw-la &_o a_o finibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la perfugaret_fw-la piratos_fw-la &_o praedones_fw-la praecipue_fw-la ex_fw-la gallica_n gente_fw-la qui_fw-la eo_fw-la tempore_fw-la plurimum_fw-la praedabantur_fw-la in_o oris_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o quo_fw-la negotio_fw-la viriliter_fw-la quidem_fw-la ipse_fw-la henr._n se_fw-la gerebat_fw-la quamvis_fw-la sibi_fw-la inutiliter_fw-la successerit_fw-la nam_fw-la post_fw-la multa_fw-la a_o se_fw-la praeclare_fw-la ac_fw-la valide_fw-la gesta_fw-la tandem_fw-la forte_fw-fr incidit_fw-la in_o admirallum_n francia_fw-la cum_fw-la quo_fw-la ferocissime_fw-la &_o crudelissime_fw-la habuit_fw-la pugnam_fw-la in_fw-la qua_fw-la plurimi_fw-la ex_fw-la utraque_fw-la parte_fw-la occisi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la quorum_fw-la percipuus_fw-la erat_fw-la ipse_fw-la dominus_fw-la henricus_fw-la sharnburn_n &_o sic_fw-la finierunt_fw-la dies_fw-la ejus_fw-la praedictus_fw-la autem_fw-la thomas_n sharnburn_n filius_fw-la &_o haeres_fw-la dicti_fw-la domini_fw-la henr._n sharnburn_n jam_fw-la tunc_fw-la aetate_fw-la xviii_o annorum_fw-la erat_fw-la cum_fw-la patre_fw-la svo_fw-la in_o navi_fw-la in_o praedicta_fw-la pugna_fw-la ubi_fw-la ingens_fw-la &_o insolitus_fw-la bombardarum_fw-la sonitus_fw-la aures_fw-la svas_fw-la ita_fw-la obtudit_fw-la ut_fw-la semper_fw-la postea_fw-la per_fw-la totam_fw-la vitam_fw-la surdus_fw-la remanserit_fw-la serviebat_fw-la tamen_fw-la illustrissimae_fw-la principi_fw-la domine_fw-la mariae_fw-la filiae_fw-la primogenitae_fw-la regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la viii_o &_o ex_fw-la ejus_fw-la familia_fw-la elegit_fw-la sibi_fw-la 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christopherus_n sharnburn_n qui_fw-la natus_fw-la fuit_fw-la xii_o die_v oct._n anno_fw-la regni_fw-la henr._n viii_o xxx_o v._o an._n dom._n 1542._o de_fw-la quo_fw-la postea_fw-la secundus_fw-la erat_fw-la antonius_n sharnburn_n qui_fw-la obiit_fw-la eodem_fw-la die_fw-la quo_fw-la natus_fw-la fuit_fw-la viz._n xxiv_o feb._n anno_fw-la regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la viii_o xxxv_o 1543._o tertius_fw-la erat_fw-la dorothea_n sharnburn_n quae_fw-la nata_fw-la fuit_fw-la xx._n die_v nou._n anno_fw-la henrici_fw-la viii_o xxxvii_o 1545._o quae_fw-la dorothea_n primo_fw-la nupta_fw-la fuit_fw-la johanni_n plumstede_n the_o plumstede_n in_o comit._n norff._n gentroso_fw-la &_o post_fw-la mortem_fw-la dicti_fw-la thomae_fw-la nupsit_fw-la cuidam_fw-la roberto_n nichols_n &_o habuit_fw-la exitum_fw-la ex_fw-la utroque_fw-la marito_fw-la quartus_fw-la erat_fw-la henr._n sharnburn_n qui_fw-la natus_fw-la fuit_fw-la iv._o die_v apr._n anno_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la vi_o primo_fw-la an._n dom._n 1547._o quintus_fw-la erat_fw-la thomas_n sharnburn_n qui_fw-la natus_fw-la fuit_fw-la xxiii_o die_v sept._n edwardi_fw-la vi_o secundo_fw-la qui_fw-la obiit_fw-la infantulus_fw-la in_o ingoldsthorp_n apud_fw-la nutricem_fw-la svam_fw-la sextus_n autem_fw-la fuit_fw-la anna_n sharnburn_n quae_fw-la nata_fw-la erat_fw-la iii_o die_v novemb_n anno_fw-la edwardi_fw-la vi_o tertio_fw-la obiit_fw-la in_o infantia_fw-la apud_fw-la dersyngham_n cum_fw-la nutrice_fw-it sua_fw-la septimus_n erat_fw-la antonius_n sharnburn_n qui_fw-la ortns_fw-la fuit_fw-la xx._n die_v mar._n anno_fw-la regni_fw-la edwardi_fw-la vi_o quinto_fw-la an._n dom._n 155â—_n qui_fw-la obiit_fw-la etiam_fw-la tertio_fw-la die_v jan._n an._n dom._n 16â—4_n anno_o aetatis_fw-la suae_fw-la liii_o &_o quia_fw-la celibatam_fw-la degebat_fw-la vitam_fw-la nullum_fw-la ex_fw-la se_fw-la 〈◊〉_d exitum_fw-la praedictus_fw-la autem_fw-la thomas_n sharnburn_n pater_fw-la praedictorum_fw-la liberorum_fw-la in_o senectute_fw-la sua_fw-la saepe_fw-la &_o uchementer_fw-la gravabatur_fw-la ex_fw-la dolore_fw-la lapidis_fw-la in_o â—enibus_fw-la &_o vesica_fw-la qui_fw-la morbus_fw-la ita_fw-la vires_fw-la svas_fw-la naturales_fw-la debilitavit_fw-la &_o mortem_fw-la approximavit_fw-la ut_fw-la xxii_o die_v mar._n an._n dom._n 1559._o diem_fw-la clausit_fw-la extremum_fw-la et_fw-la sepultus_fw-la est_fw-la in_o capella_n ecclesiae_fw-la de_fw-fr sharnburn_n atque_fw-la praedicta_fw-la blitha_n uxor_fw-la ejus_fw-la supervixit_fw-la eum_fw-la &_o habuit_fw-la sibi_fw-la pro_fw-la termino_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la suae_fw-la totum_fw-la manerium_fw-la de_fw-la sharnburn_n nupsitque_fw-la cuidam_fw-la lanceloto_fw-it smalperd_n gentroso_fw-la cum_fw-la quo_fw-la degebat_fw-la pluribus_fw-la annis_fw-la &_o supervixit_fw-la eum_fw-la per_fw-la decem_fw-la annos_fw-la ita_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la dies_fw-la ipsius_fw-la blithae_n possunt_fw-la computari_fw-la ad_fw-la octoginta_fw-la &_o sex_n vel_fw-la septem_fw-la annos_fw-la obiit_fw-la autem_fw-la primo_fw-la die_v nou._n an._n dom._n 1602._o &_o sepulta_fw-la est_fw-la in_o capella_n ecclesiae_fw-la de_fw-fr sharnburn_n loco_fw-la ubi_fw-la thomas_n sharnburn_n maritus_fw-la suus_fw-la sepultus_fw-la fuit_fw-la modo_fw-la dicendum_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-fr christopher_n sharnburn_n primo_fw-la filio_fw-la praedictorum_fw-la thomae_fw-la &_o blithae_n qui_fw-la postquam_fw-la ad_fw-la virilem_fw-la aetatem_fw-la pervenerat_fw-la duxit_fw-la in_o vxorem_fw-la annam_n veer_v ex_fw-la progeny_n comit._n oxon._n &_o consanguineam_fw-la thomae_fw-la ducis_fw-la norff._n ex_fw-la qua_fw-la procreavit_fw-la franciscum_fw-la sharnburn_n de_fw-fr quo_fw-la postea_fw-la et_fw-la praedictus_fw-la christopherus_n obiit_fw-la sexto_fw-la die_v julii_n an._n dom._n 1576._o anno_fw-la aetatis_fw-la suae_fw-la tricesimo_fw-la quarto_fw-la &_o sepultus_fw-la in_o inferiori_fw-la parte_fw-la capellae_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la de_fw-la sharnbâ—rn_fw-la prope_fw-la parietem_fw-la finis_fw-la a_o dialogue_n concern_v the_o coin_n of_o the_o kingdom_n particular_o what_o great_a treasure_n be_v exhaust_v from_o england_n by_o the_o usurp_v supremacy_n of_o rome_n viandante_fw-la selvaggio_n viand_n beginning_n ....._o god_n amend_v they_o but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o point_n that_o lead_v we_o into_o this_o digression_n the_o excessive_a price_n of_o meat_n i_o pray_v let_v we_o now_o leave_v foreign_a country_n to_o look_v a_o little_a into_o our_o own_o and_o tell_v i_o what_o you_o think_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n do_v so_o far_o exceed_v the_o proportion_n of_o ancient_a time_n for_o i_o have_v see_v in_o a_o old_a evidence_n that_o a_o good_a cow_n be_v in_o those_o day_n sell_v for_o ten_o or_o twelve_o shilling_n and_o at_o this_o day_n i_o dare_v say_v such_o a_o one_o will_v cost_v thirty_o or_o forty_o shilling_n and_o so_o likewise_o of_o other_o thing_n selu._n how_o sore_o soever_o victualler_n 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shall_v reduce_v her_o coin_n
to_o the_o former_a rate_n of_o sieve_n groat_n to_o the_o ounce_n do_v you_o think_v that_o thing_n will_v then_o be_v sell_v for_o so_o many_o shilling_n or_o pound_n as_o they_o now_o be_v i_o warrant_v you_o no._n then_o be_v it_o the_o unstable_a value_n of_o our_o former_a coin_n that_o so_o much_o deceive_v a_o great_a number_n for_o look_v into_o such_o thing_n as_o have_v always_o retain_v a_o uniform_a content_n and_o you_o shall_v find_v little_a difference_n between_o our_o and_o the_o former_a time_n in_o give_v one_o of_o those_o thing_n for_o another_o for_o at_o this_o day_n you_o may_v buy_v a_o cow_n for_o as_o few_o sheep_n as_o you_o can_v then_o and_o a_o horse_n for_o as_o few_o cow_n the_o land_n that_o be_v then_o let_v with_o we_o in_o norfolk_n for_o 8d._o or_o 10d._o the_o acre_n and_o now_o for_o eight_o groat_n or_o three_o shilling_n be_v in_o those_o day_n also_o let_v for_o a_o coumbe_n of_o barley_n and_o yet_o will_v not_o now_o be_v hire_v at_o so_o 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thereof_o no_o not_o for_o his_o own_o service_n much_o less_o for_o the_o temple_n of_o god_n yet_o afterward_o it_o become_v so_o scarce_o as_o when_o 24._o joash_n undertake_v to_o repair_v the_o temple_n he_o be_v drive_v to_o tax_v the_o people_n for_o it_o that_o thereby_o he_o may_v have_v wherewith_o to_o pay_v the_o workman_n and_o whereon_o to_o make_v the_o holy_a vessel_n so_o king_n edw._n iii_o have_v with_o effusion_n of_o much_o treasure_n end_v his_o scottish_a war_n and_o determine_v to_o begin_v afresh_o with_o france_n practise_v such_o mean_n to_o recover_v money_n to_o supply_v these_o charge_n as_o he_o get_v so_o much_o into_o his_o hand_n that_o writer_n report_v it_o be_v very_o scant_o and_o hard_o to_o be_v come_v by_o through_o the_o whole_a realm_n and_o hereupon_o proceed_v the_o cheapness_n that_o you_o speak_v of_o man_n be_v constrain_v to_o give_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o ware_n for_o a_o little_a money_n because_o they_o can_v have_v no_o other_o 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