Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
england_n great_a law_n time_n 2,905 5 3.2500 3 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A43998 Leviathan, or, The matter, forme, and power of a common wealth, ecclesiasticall and civil by Thomas Hobbes ...; Leviathan Hobbes, Thomas, 1588-1679. 1651 (1651) Wing H2246; ESTC R17253 438,804 412

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all_o write_a law_n that_o may_v concern_v his_o own_o future_a action_n the_o legislator_n know_v and_o the_o law_n either_o by_o writing_n or_o by_o power_n the_o light_n of_o nature_n sufficient_o publish_v there_o want_v yet_o another_o very_a material_a circumstance_n to_o make_v they_o obligatory_a for_o it_o be_v not_o the_o letter_n but_o the_o intendment_n or_o mean_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o authentic_a interpretation_n of_o the_o law_n which_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o legislator_n in_o which_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o law_n consist_v and_o therefore_o the_o interpretation_n of_o all_o law_n depend_v on_o the_o authority_n sovereign_a and_o the_o interpreter_n can_v be_v none_o but_o those_o which_o the_o sovereign_n to_o who_o only_o the_o subject_n owe_v obedience_n shall_v appoint_v for_o else_o by_o the_o craft_n of_o a_o interpreter_n the_o law_n may_v be_v make_v to_o bear_v a_o sense_n contrary_a to_o that_o of_o the_o sovereign_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o 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to_o be_v regard_v but_o the_o truth_n yet_o this_o be_v not_o repugnant_a to_o regulate_v of_o the_o same_o by_o peace_n for_o doctrine_n repugnant_a to_o peace_n can_v no_o more_o be_v true_a than_o peace_n and_o concord_n can_v be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v true_a that_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n where_o by_o the_o negligence_n or_o unskilfullnesse_n of_o governor_n and_o teacher_n false_a doctrine_n be_v by_o time_n general_o receive_v the_o contrary_a truth_n may_v be_v general_o offensive_a yet_o the_o most_o sudden_a and_o rough_a bustle_a in_o of_o a_o new_a truth_n that_o can_v be_v do_v never_o break_v the_o peace_n but_o only_o sometime_o awake_a the_o war_n for_o those_o man_n that_o be_v so_o remisse_o govern_v that_o they_o dare_v take_v up_o arm_n to_o defend_v or_o introduce_v a_o opinion_n be_v still_o in_o war_n and_o their_o condition_n not_o peace_n but_o only_o a_o cessation_n of_o arm_n for_o fear_n of_o one_o another_o and_o they_o live_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o procinct_n of_o battle_n continual_o it_o belong_v therefore_o to_o he_o that_o have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n to_o be_v judge_n or_o constitute_v all_o judge_n of_o opinion_n and_o doctrine_n as_o a_o thing_n necessary_a to_o peace_n thereby_o to_o prevent_v discord_n and_o civil_a war_n seven_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o sovereignty_n the_o whole_a power_n of_o he_o prescribe_v the_o rule_n whereby_o every_o man_n may_v know_v what_o good_n he_o may_v enjoy_v and_o what_o action_n he_o may_v do_v without_o be_v molest_v by_o any_o of_o his_o fellow_n subject_n and_o this_o be_v it_o man_n call_v propriety_n for_o before_o constitution_n of_o sovereign_a power_n as_o have_v already_o be_v show_v all_o man_n have_v right_a to_o all_o thing_n which_o necessary_o cause_v war_n and_o therefore_o this_o propriety_n be_v necessary_a to_o peace_n and_o depend_v on_o sovereign_a power_n be_v the_o act_n of_o that_o power_n in_o order_n to_o the_o public_a peace_n these_o rule_n of_o propriety_n or_o meum_fw-la and_o tuum_fw-la and_o of_o good_a evil_a lawful_a and_o unlawful_a in_o the_o action_n of_o subject_n be_v the_o civil_a law_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o law_n of_o each_o commonwealth_n in_o particular_a though_o the_o name_n of_o civil_a law_n be_v now_o restrain_v to_o the_o ancient_a civil_a law_n of_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n which_o be_v the_o head_n of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o world_n her_o law_n at_o that_o time_n be_v in_o these_o part_v the_o civil_a law_n controversise_n eight_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o sovereignty_n the_o right_a of_o judicature_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o hear_v and_o decide_v all_o controversy_n which_o may_v arise_v concern_v law_n either_o civil_a or_o natural_a or_o concern_v fact_n for_o without_o the_o decision_n of_o controversy_n there_o be_v no_o protection_n of_o one_o subject_a against_o the_o injury_n of_o another_o the_o law_n concern_v meum_fw-la and_o tuum_fw-la be_v in_o vain_a and_o to_o every_o man_n remain_v from_o the_o natural_a and_o necessary_a appetite_n of_o his_o own_o conservation_n the_o right_a of_o protect_v himself_o by_o his_o private_a strength_n which_o be_v the_o condition_n of_o war_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o end_n for_o which_o every_o commonwealth_n be_v institute_v nine_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o sovereignty_n the_o right_a of_o make_v best_a war_n and_o peace_n with_o other_o nation_n and_o commonwealth_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o judge_v when_o it_o be_v for_o the_o public_a good_a and_o how_o great_a force_n be_v to_o be_v assemble_v arm_a and_o pay_v for_o that_o end_n and_o to_o levy_v money_n upon_o the_o subject_n to_o defray_v the_o expense_n thereof_o for_o the_o power_n by_o which_o the_o people_n be_v to_o be_v defend_v consist_v in_o their_o army_n and_o the_o strength_n of_o a_o army_n in_o the_o union_n of_o their_o strength_n under_o one_o command_n which_o command_v the_o sovereign_n institute_v therefore_o have_v because_o the_o command_n of_o the_o militia_n without_o other_o institution_n make_v he_o that_o have_v it_o sovereign_n and_o therefore_o whosoever_o be_v make_v general_n of_o a_o army_n he_o that_o have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n be_v always_o generallissimo_n ten_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o sovereignty_n the_o choose_n of_o all_o counselor_n war_n minister_n magistrate_n and_o officer_n both_o in_o peace_n and_o war._n for_o see_v the_o sovereign_n be_v charge_v with_o the_o end_n which_o be_v the_o common_a peace_n and_o defence_n he_o be_v understand_v to_o have_v power_n to_o use_v such_o mean_n as_o he_o shall_v think_v most_o fit_a for_o his_o discharge_n eleven_o to_o the_o sovereign_n be_v commit_v the_o power_n of_o reward_v with_o riches_n or_o honour_n and_o of_o punish_v with_o corporal_a or_o pecuniary_a arbitrary_a punishment_n or_o with_o ignominy_n every_o subject_a according_a to_o the_o law_n he_o have_v former_o make_v or_o if_o there_o be_v no_o law_n make_v according_a as_o he_o shall_v judge_v most_o to_o conduce_v to_o the_o encourage_n of_o man_n to_o serve_v the_o commonwealth_n or_o deter_v of_o they_o from_o do_v dis-service_n to_o the_o same_o last_o consider_v what_o value_v man_n be_v natural_o apt_a to_o set_v upon_o themselves_o what_o respect_n they_o look_v for_o from_o other_o and_o how_o little_a they_o value_v other_o man_n from_o whence_o continual_o arise_v among_o they_o order_n emulation_n quarrel_n faction_n and_o at_o last_o war_n to_o the_o destroy_n of_o one_o another_o and_o diminution_n of_o their_o strength_n against_o a_o common_a enemy_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o there_o be_v law_n of_o honour_n and_o a_o public_a rate_n of_o the_o worth_n of_o such_o man_n as_o have_v deserve_v or_o be_v able_a to_o deserve_v well_o of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o that_o there_o be_v force_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o some_o or_o other_o to_o put_v those_o law_n in_o execution_n but_o it_o have_v already_o be_v show_v that_o not_o only_o the_o whole_a militia_n or_o force_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o also_o the_o judicature_n of_o all_o controversy_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o sovereignty_n to_o the_o sovereign_n therefore_o it_o belong_v also_o to_o give_v title_n of_o honour_n and_o to_o appoint_v what_o order_n of_o place_n and_o dignity_n each_o man_n shall_v hold_v and_o what_o sign_n of_o respect_n in_o public_a or_o private_a meeting_n they_o shall_v give_v to_o one_o another_o these_o be_v the_o right_n which_o make_v the_o essence_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o indivisible_a which_o be_v the_o mark_n whereby_o a_o man_n may_v discern_v in_o what_o man_n or_o assembly_n of_o man_n the_o sovereign_a power_n be_v place_v and_o reside_v for_o these_o be_v incommunicable_a and_o inseparable_a the_o power_n to_o coin_v money_n to_o dispose_v of_o the_o estate_n and_o person_n of_o infant_n heir_n to_o have_v praeemption_n in_o market_n and_o all_o other_o statute_n praerogatives_n may_v be_v transfer_v by_o the_o sovereign_n and_o yet_o the_o power_n to_o protect_v his_o subject_n be_v retain_v but_o if_o he_o transfer_v the_o militia_n he_o retain_v the_o judicature_n in_o vain_a for_o want_v of_o execution_n of_o the_o law_n or_o if_o he_o grant_v away_o the_o power_n of_o raise_v money_n the_o militia_n be_v in_o vain_a or_o if_o he_o give_v away_o the_o government_n of_o doctrine_n man_n will_v be_v fright_v into_o rebellion_n with_o the_o fear_n of_o spirit_n and_o so_o if_o we_o consider_v any_o one_o of_o the_o say_a right_n we_o shall_v present_o see_v that_o the_o hold_v of_o all_o the_o rest_n will_v produce_v no_o effect_n in_o the_o conservation_n of_o peace_n and_o justice_n the_o end_n for_o which_o all_o commonwealth_n be_v institute_v and_o this_o division_n be_v it_o whereof_o it_o be_v say_v a_o kingdom_n divide_v in_o itself_o can_v stand_v for_o unless_o this_o division_n precede_v division_n into_o opposite_a army_n can_v never_o happen_v if_o there_o have_v not_o first_o be_v a_o opinion_n receive_v of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o england_n that_o these_o power_n be_v divide_v between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o lord_n and_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o the_o people_n have_v never_o be_v divide_v and_o fall_v into_o this_o civil_a war_n first_o between_o those_o that_o disagree_v in_o politic_n and_o after_o between_o the_o dissenter_n about_o the_o liberty_n of_o religion_n which_o have_v so_o instruct_v man_n in_o this_o point_n of_o sovereign_a right_n that_o there_o be_v few_o now_o in_o england_n that_o do_v not_o see_v that_o these_o right_n be_v inseparable_a and_o will_v be_v so_o general_o acknowledge_v at_o the_o next_o return_n of_o peace_n and_o so_o continue_v till_o their_o misery_n be_v forget_v and_o no_o long_o except_o the_o vulgar_a be_v better_a teach_v than_o they_o have_v hitherto_o be_v and_o because_o they_o be_v essential_a
the_o sustain_n of_o the_o same_o when_o it_o be_v set_v up_o or_o to_o the_o worldly_a riches_n honour_n and_o authority_n of_o those_o that_o sustain_v it_o and_o therefore_o by_o the_o aforesaid_a rule_n of_o cui_fw-la bono_fw-mi we_o may_v just_o pronounce_v for_o the_o author_n of_o all_o this_o spiritual_a darkness_n the_o pope_n and_o roman_a clergy_n and_o all_o those_o beside_o that_o endeavour_n to_o settle_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n this_o erroneous_a doctrine_n that_o the_o church_n now_o on_o earth_n be_v that_o kingdom_n of_o god_n mention_v in_o the_o old_a and_o new_a testament_n but_o the_o emperor_n and_o other_o christian_a sovereign_n under_o who_o government_n these_o error_n and_o the_o like_a encroachment_n of_o ecclesiastique_n upon_o their_o office_n at_o first_o creep_v in_o to_o the_o disturbance_n of_o their_o possession_n and_o of_o the_o tranquillity_n of_o their_o subject_n though_o they_o suffer_v the_o same_o for_o want_n of_o foresight_n of_o the_o sequel_n and_o of_o insight_n into_o the_o design_n of_o their_o teacher_n may_v nevertheless_o be_v esteem_v accessary_n to_o their_o own_o and_o the_o public_a damage_n for_o without_o their_o authority_n there_o can_v at_o first_o no_o seditious_a doctrine_n have_v be_v public_o preach_v i_o say_v they_o may_v have_v hinder_v the_o same_o in_o the_o beginning_n but_o when_o the_o people_n be_v once_o possess_v by_o those_o spiritual_a man_n there_o be_v no_o humane_a remedy_n to_o be_v apply_v that_o any_o man_n can_v invent_v and_o for_o the_o remedy_n that_o god_n shall_v provide_v who_o never_o fail_v in_o his_o good_a time_n to_o destroy_v all_o the_o machination_n of_o man_n against_o the_o truth_n we_o be_v to_o attend_v his_o good_a pleasure_n that_o suffer_v many_o time_n the_o prosperity_n of_o his_o enemy_n together_o with_o their_o ambition_n to_o grow_v to_o such_o a_o height_n as_o the_o violence_n thereof_o open_v the_o eye_n which_o the_o wariness_n of_o their_o predecessor_n have_v before_o seal_v up_o and_o make_v man_n by_o too_o much_o grasp_a let_v go_v all_o as_o peter_n net_n be_v break_v by_o the_o struggle_n of_o too_o great_a a_o multitude_n of_o fish_n whereas_o the_o impatience_n of_o those_o that_o strive_v to_o resist_v such_o encroachment_n before_o their_o subject_n eye_n be_v open_v do_v but_o increase_v the_o power_n they_o resist_v i_o do_v not_o therefore_o blame_v the_o emperor_n frederick_n for_o hold_v the_o stirrup_n to_o our_o countryman_n pope_n adrian_n for_o such_o be_v the_o disposition_n of_o his_o subject_n then_o as_o if_o he_o have_v not_o do_v it_o he_o be_v not_o likely_a to_o have_v succeed_v in_o the_o empire_n but_o i_o blame_v those_o that_o in_o the_o beginning_n when_o their_o power_n be_v entire_a by_o suffer_v such_o doctrine_n to_o be_v forge_v in_o the_o university_n of_o their_o own_o dominion_n have_v hold_v the_o stirrup_n to_o all_o the_o succeed_a pope_n while_o they_o mount_v into_o the_o throne_n of_o all_o christian_a sovereign_n to_o ride_v and_o tire_v both_o they_o and_o their_o people_n at_o their_o pleasure_n but_o as_o the_o invention_n of_o man_n be_v weave_v so_o also_o be_v they_o ravel_v out_o the_o way_n be_v the_o same_o but_o the_o order_n be_v invert_v the_o web_n begin_v at_o the_o first_o element_n of_o power_n which_o be_v wisdom_n humility_n sincerity_n and_o other_o virtue_n of_o the_o apostle_n who_o the_o people_n convert_v obey_v out_o of_o reverence_n not_o by_o obligation_n their_o conscience_n be_v free_a and_o their_o word_n and_o action_n subject_a to_o none_o but_o the_o civil_a power_n afterward_o the_o presbyter_n as_o the_o flock_n of_o christ_n increase_v assemble_v to_o consider_v what_o they_o shall_v teach_v and_o thereby_o oblige_v themselves_o to_o teach_v nothing_o against_o the_o decree_n of_o their_o assembly_n make_v it_o to_o be_v think_v the_o people_n be_v thereby_o oblige_v to_o follow_v their_o doctrine_n and_o when_o they_o refuse_v refuse_v to_o keep_v they_o company_n that_o be_v then_o call_v excommunication_n not_o as_o be_v infidel_n but_o as_o be_v disobedient_a and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o knot_n upon_o their_o liberty_n and_o the_o number_n of_o presbyter_n increase_n the_o presbyter_n of_o the_o chief_a city_n or_o province_n get_v themselves_o a_o authority_n over_o the_o parochial_a presbyter_n and_o appropriate_v to_o themselves_o the_o name_n of_o bishop_n and_o this_o be_v a_o second_o knot_n on_o christian_a liberty_n last_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o imperial_a city_n take_v upon_o he_o a_o authority_n partly_o by_o the_o will_n of_o the_o emperor_n themselves_o and_o by_o the_o title_n of_o pontifex_n maximus_n and_o at_o last_o when_o the_o emperor_n be_v grow_v weak_a by_o the_o privilege_n of_o st._n peter_n over_o all_o other_o bishop_n of_o the_o empire_n which_o be_v the_o three_o and_o last_o knot_n and_o the_o whole_a synthesis_n and_o construction_n of_o the_o pontificial_a power_n and_o therefore_o the_o analysis_n or_o resolution_n be_v by_o the_o same_o way_n but_o begin_v with_o the_o knot_n that_o be_v last_o tie_v as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o praeterpoliticall_a church_n government_n in_o england_n first_o the_o power_n of_o the_o pope_n be_v dissolve_v total_o by_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o the_o bishop_n who_o before_o exercise_v their_o function_n in_o right_a of_o the_o pope_n do_v afterward_o exercise_v the_o same_o in_o right_n of_o the_o queen_n and_o her_o successor_n though_o by_o retain_v the_o phrase_n of_o jure_fw-la divino_fw-la they_o be_v think_v to_o demand_v it_o by_o immediate_a right_n from_o god_n and_o so_o be_v untie_v the_o first_o knot_n after_o this_o the_o presbyterian_o late_o in_o england_n obtain_v the_o put_v down_o of_o episcopacy_n and_o so_o be_v the_o second_o knot_n dissolve_v and_o almost_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o power_n be_v take_v also_o from_o the_o presbyterian_o and_o so_o we_o be_v reduce_v to_o the_o independency_n of_o the_o primitive_a christian_n to_o follow_v paul_n or_o cephas_n or_o apollo_n every_o man_n as_o he_o like_v best_o which_o if_o it_o be_v without_o contention_n and_o without_o measure_v the_o doctrine_n of_o christ_n by_o our_o affection_n to_o the_o person_n of_o his_o minister_n the_o fault_n which_o the_o apostle_n reprehend_v in_o the_o corinthian_n be_v perhaps_o the_o best_a first_o because_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v no_o power_n over_o the_o conscience_n of_o man_n but_o of_o the_o word_n itself_o work_v faith_n in_o every_o one_o not_o always_o according_a to_o the_o purpose_n of_o they_o that_o plant_v and_o water_n but_o of_o god_n himself_o that_o give_v the_o increase_n and_o second_o because_o it_o be_v unreasonable_a in_o they_o who_o teach_v there_o be_v such_o danger_n in_o every_o little_a error_n to_o require_v of_o a_o man_n endue_v with_o reason_n of_o his_o own_o to_o follow_v the_o reason_n of_o any_o other_o man_n or_o of_o the_o most_o voice_n of_o many_o other_o man_n which_o be_v little_o better_a then_o to_o venture_v his_o salvation_n at_o cross_n and_o pile_n nor_o ought_v those_o teacher_n to_o be_v displease_v with_o this_o loss_n of_o their_o ancient_a authority_n for_o there_o be_v none_o shall_v know_v better_o than_o they_o that_o power_n be_v preserve_v by_o the_o same_o virtue_n by_o which_o it_o be_v acquire_v that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o wisdom_n humility_n clearness_n of_o doctrine_n and_o sincerity_n of_o conversation_n and_o not_o by_o suppression_n of_o the_o natural_a science_n and_o of_o the_o morality_n of_o natural_a reason_n nor_o by_o obscure_a language_n nor_o by_o arrogate_a to_o themselves_o more_o knowledge_n than_o they_o make_v appear_v nor_o by_o pious_a fraud_n nor_o by_o such_o other_o fault_n as_o in_o the_o pastor_n of_o god_n church_n be_v not_o only_a fault_n but_o also_o scandal_n apt_a to_o make_v man_n stumble_v one_o time_n or_o other_o upon_o the_o suppression_n of_o their_o authority_n fairy_n but_o after_o this_o doctrine_n that_o the_o church_n now_o militant_a be_v the_o kingdom_n of_o god_n speak_v of_o in_o the_o old_a and_o new_a testament_n be_v receive_v in_o the_o world_n the_o ambition_n and_o canvas_v for_o the_o office_n that_o belong_v thereunto_o and_o especial_o for_o that_o great_a office_n of_o be_v christ_n lieutenant_n and_o the_o pomp_n of_o they_o that_o obtain_v therein_o the_o principal_a public_a charge_n become_v by_o degree_n so_o evident_a that_o they_o lose_v the_o inward_a reverence_n due_a to_o the_o pastoral_n function_n in_o so_o much_o as_o the_o wise_a man_n of_o they_o that_o have_v any_o power_n in_o the_o civil_a state_n need_v nothing_o but_o the_o authority_n of_o their_o prince_n to_o deny_v they_o any_o further_a obedience_n for_o from_o the_o time_n that_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n have_v get_v