by_o the_o tenure_n of_o his_o house_n or_o land_n bind_v to_o avoid_v the_o water_n there_o need_v no_o prescription_n to_o have_v be_v allege_v also_o in_o 5_o h._n 7._o fol._n 3._o there_o be_v a_o like_a presentment_n make_v 7._o 5_o h._n 7._o against_o a_o abbot_n quod_fw-la ipse_fw-la &_o predecessores_fw-la svi_fw-la aught_o to_o repair_v a_o gutter_n ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la terrar_fw-it '_o suar_fw-mi '_o but_o because_o in_o that_o case_n the_o presentment_n do_v not_o set_v forth_o where_o those_o land_n lay_v which_o be_v charge_v the_o presentment_n for_o that_o cause_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v void_a so_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o a_o tenure_n charge_n and_o a_o charge_n impose_v upon_o land_n by_o prescription_n for_o in_o the_o case_n where_o a_o tenant_n hold_v his_o land_n to_o repair_v a_o bridge_n wall_n or_o bank_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n the_o lord_n in_o this_o case_n may_v distrain_v the_o tenant_n of_o common_a right_n by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n but_o where_o one_o land_n be_v charge_v by_o prescription_n and_o custom_n there_o be_v no_o remedy_n to_o force_v and_o compel_v the_o tenant_n to_o do_v the_o repair_v but_o by_o presentment_n and_o upon_o a_o presentment_n process_n may_v be_v award_v against_o he_o to_o distrain_v he_o to_o make_v the_o repair_v and_o if_o upon_o a_o presentment_n make_v by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n i._n s._n be_v charge_v to_o repair_v a_o sewer_n and_o a_o distringas_fw-la ad_fw-la reparandum_fw-la be_v award_v against_o he_o the_o sheriff_n may_v distrain_v the_o party_n in_o any_o place_n within_o the_o power_n of_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n but_o this_o be_v a_o judicial_a distress_n which_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o roll_n the_o justice_n be_v tie_v to_o the_o limit_n and_o bound_n of_o the_o commission_n yet_o in_o 19_o h._n 6._o fol._n 7._o the_o 6._o 19_o h._n 6._o case_n be_v that_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n have_v jurisdiction_n in_o cause_n arise_v only_o on_o the_o sea_n and_o he_o have_v no_o jurisdiction_n or_o power_n to_o meddle_v with_o any_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o land_n yet_o upon_o a_o presentment_n make_v in_o the_o admiral_n court_v one_o be_v present_v and_o amerce_v and_o a_o distress_n for_o this_o amerciament_n be_v take_v on_o the_o land_n and_o exception_n be_v thereto_o take_v that_o the_o distress_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o that_o court_n but_o there_o newton_n chief_a justice_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o justice_n say_v that_o the_o power_n of_o the_o admiral_n to_o hold_v plea_n be_v restrain_v by_o statute_n to_o matter_n arise_v on_o the_o sea_n but_o execution_n be_v not_o so_o and_o i_o have_v further_o observe_v by_o the_o book_n of_o 8._o r._n 2._o fitzher_n 2._o 8._o r._n 2._o avoury_a 253._o that_o where_o no_o place_n be_v certain_o prescribe_v to_o distrain_v in_o that_o in_o such_o a_o case_n the_o distress_n may_v be_v take_v in_o any_o place_n within_o the_o power_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o court_n out_o of_o which_o the_o writ_n or_o warrant_n of_o distress_n do_v issue_n as_o if_o one_o be_v amerce_v in_o a_o court_n leet_n or_o in_o a_o court_n baron_fw-fr he_o may_v be_v distrain_v for_o these_o amerciament_n in_o any_o place_n within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o these_o court_n and_o for_o a_o amerciament_n set_v and_o impose_v in_o the_o sheriff_n turn_v a_o distress_n may_v be_v take_v for_o it_o in_o any_o place_n of_o the_o county_n for_o so_o far_o the_o power_n of_o that_o court_n do_v extend_v itself_o but_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o sess_v rate_n or_o tax_v impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n a_o distress_n for_o any_o of_o those_o may_v be_v take_v in_o any_o place_n within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n for_o in_o this_o case_n the_o distress_n be_v mere_o ground_v upon_o the_o statute_n and_o be_v bound_v by_o the_o same_o limit_n which_o be_v as_o large_a as_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o hereupon_o by_o this_o construction_n make_v in_o this_o legal_a manner_n all_o the_o word_n in_o the_o say_a clause_n of_o this_o statute_n have_v their_o full_a operation_n and_o although_o in_o rook_n case_n the_o distress_n be_v there_o take_v on_o the_o ground_n charge_v yet_o that_o do_v not_o prove_v but_o that_o a_o distress_n may_v have_v be_v take_v in_o any_o other_o place_n for_o i_o very_o take_v it_o that_o the_o place_n where_o the_o distress_n be_v take_v in_o that_o case_n be_v not_o intend_v any_o material_a point_n though_o in_o my_o succeed_a argument_n for_o another_o purpose_n i_o shall_v make_v it_o one_o so_o that_o my_o opinion_n touch_v distress_n to_o be_v take_v in_o case_n of_o sewer_n appear_v to_o stand_v upon_o these_o three_o distinction_n first_o that_o the_o lord_n of_o who_o the_o ground_n be_v hold_v to_o make_v the_o repair_v must_v distrain_v on_o the_o the_o ground_n so_o hold_v and_o not_o elsewhere_o second_o that_o upon_o a_o distringas_fw-la ad_fw-la reparandum_fw-la or_o amovendum_fw-la upon_o a_o presentment_n which_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o roll_n of_o that_o court_n and_o be_v a_o judicial_a process_n a_o distress_n must_v thereupon_o be_v take_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n exit_fw-la congruitate_fw-la three_o a_o distress_n for_o a_o rate_n or_o sesse_v or_o tax_v assess_v and_o impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v be_v take_v in_o any_o part_n or_o place_n within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n for_o this_o be_v a_o distress_n ground_v upon_o the_o statute_n and_o be_v as_o large_a as_o the_o extent_n thereof_o and_o so_o the_o difference_n appear_v where_o the_o distress_n be_v guide_v by_o the_o commission_n and_o where_o by_o the_o statute_n who_o good_n may_v be_v distrain_v it_o come_v now_o in_o turn_n to_o be_v handle_v who_o good_n may_v be_v distrain_v and_o take_v within_o these_o law_n for_o the_o word_n of_o distress_n be_v put_v so_o general_o in_o this_o statute_n that_o they_o must_v receive_v their_o exposition_n by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n in_o regard_n these_o law_n do_v give_v no_o special_a direction_n therein_o and_o therefore_o the_o distress_n mention_v in_o rook_n case_n may_v in_o this_o place_n be_v question_v for_o there_o carter_n be_v assess_v but_o the_o good_n of_o rook_n be_v distrain_v and_o take_v for_o the_o say_v assess_v and_o no_o challenge_n or_o exception_n be_v there_o make_v of_o it_o and_o no_o marvel_n for_o it_o be_v special_o find_v that_o the_o good_n be_v take_v and_o distrain_v on_o the_o ground_n charge_v for_o otherwise_o that_o distress_n have_v be_v tortuous_a wherein_o i_o take_v this_o diversity_n that_o where_o ground_n be_v chargeable_a to_o repair_v of_o defence_n and_o a_o sess_n be_v thereon_o impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n the_o good_n of_o a_o stranger_n may_v be_v take_v therefore_o on_o the_o ground_n sess_v and_o this_o be_v warrant_v by_o rook_n case_n but_o rook_n be_v a_o stranger_n his_o good_n can_v not_o in_o any_o sort_n have_v be_v take_v for_o the_o sess_n impose_v upon_o carter_n but_o on_o the_o ground_n charge_v and_o the_o like_a law_n for_o rent_n and_o service_n issue_v out_o of_o land_n the_o good_n of_o a_o stranger_n levant_n and_o couchant_a on_o the_o ground_n so_o hold_v may_v be_v distrain_v for_o rent_n and_o service_n by_o 7_o h._n 7._o 2._o and_o 11_o h._n 7._o 4._o 7._o 7_o h._n 7._o 11_o h._n 7._o but_o put_v the_o case_n a_o little_a further_o that_o in_o the_o session_n court_n of_o the_o sewer_n a._n b._n be_v amerce_v for_o nonpayment_n of_o his_o sesse_n towards_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o work_n of_o sewer_n and_o in_o this_o case_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o proper_a good_n of_o a._n b._n be_v to_o be_v distrain_v for_o this_o amerciament_n and_o not_o the_o good_n of_o a_o stranger_n go_v on_o his_o ground_n charge_v to_o the_o say_v assess_v because_o this_o amerciament_n be_v a_o collateral_a charge_n which_o fall_v on_o the_o person_n of_o the_o offendor_n who_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o assel_n and_o do_v not_o in_o any_o sort_n charge_v the_o ground_n and_o this_o opinion_n have_v warrant_n from_o the_o case_n in_o 41_o ed._n 3._o fol._n 26._o br._n leet_n 4._o for_o there_o a._n b._n be_v amerce_v in_o a_o 3._o 41_o ed._n 3._o court_n of_o leet_n for_o receive_v and_o keep_v one_o in_o his_o house_n which_o be_v not_o swear_v to_o the_o king_n in_o which_o case_n it_o be_v hold_v that_o no_o good_n can_v be_v distrain_v for_o this_o amerciament_n but_o only_o the_o proper_a good_n of_o the_o party_n amerce_v although_o the_o good_n of_o other_o be_v levant_n and_o couchant_a on_o his_o ground_n and_o
heir_n from_o the_o say_a ancestor_n which_o make_v the_o covenant_n 33._o 28_o &_o 29_o h._n 8._o dier_n fol._n 33._o wherein_o i_o take_v this_o difference_n between_o a_o covenant_n to_o bind_v a_o heir_n and_o a_o prescription_n for_o by_o covenant_n the_o heir_n shall_v be_v bind_v to_o the_o repair_v if_o he_o have_v asset_n descend_v to_o he_o from_o that_o ancestor_n but_o the_o heir_n shall_v not_o be_v bind_v by_o prescription_n to_o repair_v though_o he_o have_v asset_n descend_v from_o his_o ancestor_n who_o repair_v the_o say_v defence_n but_o if_o land_n be_v charge_v therewithal_o by_o tenure_n or_o otherwise_o as_o a_o charge_n impose_v upon_o land_n by_o prescription_n than_o the_o say_a land_n be_v therewithal_o chargeable_a in_o cujuscunque_fw-la manus_fw-la devenerint_fw-la quod_fw-la nota_fw-la it_o appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 43_o el._n cap._n 4._o that_o if_o land_n rent_n annuity_n good_n or_o chattel_n be_v give_v towards_o 4._o 43_o el._n 4._o the_o repair_n of_o bridge_n port_n havens_n calceys_n or_o sea_n bank_n that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v so_o employ_v by_o that_o statute_n so_o that_o good_n chattel_n and_o annuity_n be_v chargeable_a to_o these_o repair_v by_o the_o force_n of_o that_o statute_n as_o well_o as_o land_n house_n and_o ground_n in_o case_n any_o such_o thing_n shall_v happen_v to_o come_v before_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n but_o note_v beside_o all_o the_o former_a matter_n that_o a_o heir_n shall_v not_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o covenant_n of_o his_o ancestor_n though_o he_o have_v asset_n descend_v unless_o he_o be_v bind_v express_o by_o the_o word_n heir_n in_o the_o covenant_n usus_fw-la rei_fw-la i_o now_o intend_v to_o declare_v where_o use_n shall_v tie_v one_o to_o the_o repair_v of_o the_o defence_n mention_v in_o this_o law_n i_o do_v not_o hereby_o mean_v that_o use_n which_o i_o have_v former_o mention_v in_o prescription_n and_o custom_n which_o be_v use_v to_o repair_v but_o the_o use_n i_o intend_v in_o this_o place_n be_v the_o use_n which_o one_o be_v to_o have_v of_o the_o defence_n or_o thing_n which_o be_v to_o be_v repair_v as_o where_o one_o and_o his_o ancestor_n have_v use_v to_o have_v the_o use_n of_o the_o river_n or_o water_n by_o sail_v up_o and_o down_o the_o same_o or_o have_v use_v to_o have_v a_o ferry_n on_o or_o over_o they_o or_o a_o staith_o to_o go_v up_o and_o down_o or_o a_o crane_n to_o draw_v up_o water_n or_o some_o other_o engine_n to_o draw_v up_o the_o water_n for_o the_o use_n of_o their_o house_n these_o use_n which_o man_n have_v of_o these_o thing_n may_v be_v cause_n and_o consideration_n sufficient_a to_o tie_v they_o to_o the_o repair_v of_o the_o wall_n bank_n and_o river_n assiz_n 37_o lib._n assiz_n and_o for_o warrant_v in_o this_o learning_n be_v the_o book_n of_o 37_o lib._n assiz_n plac_fw-la 10._o for_o there_o be_v some_o person_n which_o be_v bind_v to_o repair_v the_o river_n because_o they_o have_v passage_n on_o it_o with_o their_o boat_n and_o other_o be_v charge_v because_o they_o have_v free_a fish_n in_o the_o river_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n it_o stand_v with_o good_a reason_n and_o agreeable_a to_o law_n that_o those_o person_n before_o other_o shall_v be_v bind_v and_o tie_v to_o the_o repair_v of_o such_o thing_n whereof_o they_o have_v peculiar_a and_o several_a profit_n and_o use_n of_o more_o than_o other_o have_v and_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o this_o very_a statute_n aim_v full_a at_o this_o point_n when_o it_o direct_v that_o such_o person_n shall_v be_v rate_v tax_v and_o sess_v towards_o the_o repair_n which_o have_v profit_n of_o fish_v and_o other_o commodity_n in_o the_o river_n but_o least_o some_o may_v mistake_v my_o meaning_n and_o learn_v also_o in_o the_o say_v former_a case_n i_o will_v therefore_o make_v the_o same_o plain_a by_o distinction_n which_o be_v this_o that_o frontage_n ownership_n and_o this_o use_n i_o last_o speak_v of_o do_v not_o bind_v any_o to_o the_o repair_n and_o maintain_v of_o wall_n bank_n bridges_n sewer_n or_o other_o defence_n when_o and_o where_o any_o other_o man_n or_o corporation_n be_v bind_v to_o do_v the_o same_o by_o prescription_n custom_n tenure_n or_o covenant_n for_o the_o say_v three_o part_n frontage_n ownership_n and_o usus_fw-la rei_fw-la be_v but_o implicit_a tie_n only_o in_o construction_n of_o law_n and_o serve_v the_o turn_n only_o when_o no_o other_o person_n or_o person_n be_v bind_v express_o thereunto_o and_o this_o distinction_n may_v be_v maintain_v by_o the_o book_n of_o 8_o h._n 7._o 7._o 8._o h._n 7._o fol._n 5._o and_o other_o book_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o he_o who_o ground_n be_v next_o adjoin_v be_v bind_v to_o repair_v unless_o some_o other_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v the_o same_o by_o tenure_n or_o prescription_n whereby_o it_o follow_v that_o if_o one_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v the_o same_o by_o special_a tenure_n or_o prescription_n it_o free_v the_o frontager_n note_v also_o another_o difference_n that_o in_o case_n where_o a_o frontager_n and_o one_o who_o have_v liberum_fw-la passagium_fw-la on_o the_o river_n and_o a_o man_n which_o have_v a_o free_a pischary_n there_o be_v not_o any_o one_o of_o they_o bind_v to_o make_v the_o repair_v alone_o but_o all_o alike_o together_o and_o so_o be_v the_o book_n of_o 37_o assiz_n plac_fw-la 10._o and_o i_o suppose_v the_o book_n of_o 38_o assiz_n plac_fw-la 15._o maintain_v this_o point_n with_o i_o for_o there_o the_o law_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v that_o he_o which_o assiz_n 37_o 38_o assiz_n be_v bind_v by_o prescription_n to_o repair_v be_v bind_v peremptory_o alone_a to_o do_v the_o work_n and_o not_o any_o other_o and_o if_o no_o such_o person_n can_v be_v find_v than_o the_o party_n who_o ground_n do_v adjoyn_v and_o those_o which_o have_v free_a fish_n in_o the_o river_n and_o free_a passage_n thereon_o be_v all_o of_o they_o to_o do_v and_o perform_v the_o same_o joint_o and_o no_o one_o of_o they_o be_v a_o discharge_n for_o the_o other_o because_o they_o shall_v be_v in_o consimili_fw-la casu_fw-la so_o by_o this_o which_o have_v be_v say_v touch_v these_o matter_n the_o commissioner_n may_v see_v and_o behold_v how_o careful_o and_o understand_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v endeavour_v to_o do_v equal_a justice_n and_o my_o desire_n be_v that_o they_o will_v as_o careful_o put_v they_o in_o execution_n a_o township_n assess_v it_o have_v be_v hold_v for_o a_o great_a question_n whether_o a_o township_n or_o hundred_o in_o general_n may_v be_v assess_v and_o tax_v to_o the_o sewer_n without_o impose_v the_o same_o on_o particular_a person_n and_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n be_v of_o opinion_n direct_o that_o a_o tax_n rate_v or_o a_o sesse_n ely_n case_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n can_v not_o nay_o might_n not_o be_v set_v or_o impose_v upon_o a_o town_n or_o upon_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o town_n for_o say_v he_o the_o taxation_n sessment_n or_o charge_n ought_v to_o have_v these_o quality_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o their_o land_n by_o number_n of_o acre_n and_o perche_n or_o by_o the_o tenor_n of_o profit_n of_o fish_v and_o common_a of_o pasture_n which_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v lay_v upon_o a_o town_n it_o will_v hold_v none_o of_o those_o proportion_n and_o his_o opinion_n be_v not_o alone_o in_o this_o very_a point_n for_o in_o the_o ancient_a charter_n of_o rumney_n marsh_n case_n rumney_n marsh_n case_n pag._n 50._o it_o be_v say_v quod_fw-la unusquisque_fw-la proportione_fw-la ac_fw-la periculo_fw-la incumbentium_fw-la aequae_fw-la contribuat_fw-la and_o page_n 12_o and_o 39_o of_o the_o same_o charter_n the_o taxation_n be_v express_v to_o be_v acre_n perch_n and_o carucate_n and_o our_o statute_n in_o express_a wordsis_n and_o all_o those_o person_n and_o every_o of_o they_o to_o tax_v and_o assess_v charge_n distrain_v and_o punish_v as_o well_o within_o the_o limit_n leet_n and_o bound_n of_o old_a time_n accustom_v or_o otherwise_o or_o elsewhere_o within_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n after_o the_o quantity_n of_o their_o land_n tenement_n and_o rent_n and_o by_o the_o number_n of_o acre_n and_o perch_n and_o after_o the_o rate_n of_o every_o person_n portion_n tenure_n or_o profit_n or_o after_o the_o quantity_n of_o their_o common_a of_o pasture_n or_o fish_v by_o such_o way_n and_o mean_n as_o you_o the_o lord_n fitz_n william_n sir_n francis_n vane_n and_o sir_n thomas_n mounson_n knight_n and_o baronet_n sir_n edward_n dimock_n sir_n william_n armin_n sir_n thomas_n grantham_n sir_n george_n ftiz_n william_n knight_n richard_z totheby_o and_o edward_n king_n esquire_n whereof_o three_o to_o be_v of_o the_o quorum_fw-la shall_v
in_o one_o of_o his_o epistle_n have_v there_o declare_v it_o to_o be_v than_o it_o may_v give_v satisfaction_n in_o this_o kind_n that_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n be_v in_o these_o time_n of_o great_a iminency_n and_o authority_n for_o there_o i_o find_v two_o several_a writ_n or_o commission_n of_o that_o nature_n the_o one_o authorise_v certain_a person_n to_o survey_v the_o defence_n in_o the_o part_n of_o holland_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n the_o other_o for_o the_o view_n and_o survey_v of_o the_o terminer_n register_n in_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n surround_v ground_n lie_v between_o the_o two_o rivers_n humber_n and_o auckholin_n in_o the_o say_a county_n of_o lincoln_n and_o the_o first_o of_o the_o say_a commission_n be_v set_v down_o verbatim_o in_o fitz._n nat_n breed_v foe_fw-mi 113._o yet_o the_o first_o statute_n which_o appear_v to_o we_o 113._o fitz._n nat._n breed_v fol._n 113._o in_o print_n wherein_o the_o frame_n of_o a_o commission_n of_o sewer_n be_v set_v down_o be_v the_o statute_n of_o 6._o henry_n 6._o chapt._n 5._o yet_o i_o make_v no_o question_n but_o the_o say_a commission_n express_v in_o the_o rigister_n 5._o 6._o h._n 6._o cap._n 5._o and_o fitz._n na_o breed_v be_v in_o their_o form_n long_o before_o henry_n the_o 6._o time_n and_o that_o the_o statute_n of_o hen._n 6._o add_v some_o more_o power_n and_o strength_n thereto_o then_o be_v before_o have_v back_v they_o with_o the_o power_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o it_o be_v something_o additional_a in_o matter_n as_o it_o be_v in_o power_n as_o by_o both_o the_o commission_n compare_v together_o be_v apparent_a i_o do_v likewise_o find_v in_o the_o 38._o edw._n 3._o lib._n ass_n plac_fw-la 15._o that_o 15._o 38._o ed._n 3._o lib._n ass_n pl._n 15._o a_o commission_n be_v award_v to_o inquire_v of_o bridge_n and_o of_o the_o repair_v thereof_o which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o these_o law_n and_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o his_o 10._o report_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n say_v that_o the_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n before_o the_o make_n of_o any_o statute_n of_o sewer_n may_v grant_v commission_n for_o the_o survey_v and_o repair_v of_o wall_n bank_n and_o river_n and_o other_o defence_n and_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n be_v the_o book_n of_o sir_n john_n davies_n in_o his_o irish_a report_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o royal_a pischary_n of_o the_o banne_n and_o sir_n edward_n cook_n have_v in_o report_v sir_n john_n davies_n report_v his_o first_o case_n set_v the_o first_o statute_n of_o sewer_n to_o be_v in_o time_n the_o 9_o h._n 3._o which_o be_v in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la the_o first_o volumn_n of_o of_o statute_n and_o the_o most_o ancient_a that_o be_v extant_a in_o our_o 3._o 9_o h._n 3._o law_n by_o all_o which_o be_v manifest_a that_o these_o law_n have_v be_v receive_v into_o the_o government_n of_o this_o realm_n in_o time_n as_o ancient_a as_o any_o other_o be_v and_o i_o be_o the_o rather_o herein_o confirm_v for_o that_o in_o the_o ancient_a commission_n express_v in_o the_o register_n aforesaid_a there_o be_v these_o word_n that_o the_o king_n ratione_fw-la dignitatis_fw-la suae_fw-la regiae_fw-la ad_fw-la providendum_fw-la salvationi_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la circumquaque_fw-la fuit_fw-la astrictus_fw-la wherein_o it_o be_v hereby_o make_v plain_a that_o the_o king_n by_o the_o tenure_n and_o prerogative_n of_o his_o crown_n be_v bind_v to_o see_v and_o foresee_v the_o safety_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o so_o this_o law_n be_v a_o prerogative_n law_n and_o seem_v to_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o any_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o all_o prerogative_n be_v without_o limitation_n of_o time_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v presume_v that_o all_o or_o any_o king_n till_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n 6._o be_v so_o improvident_a as_o to_o want_v these_o law_n without_o the_o which_o the_o realm_n can_v not_o be_v defend_v from_o the_o violence_n of_o that_o unmerciful_a enemy_n the_o sea_n wherein_o i_o do_v conclude_v that_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n be_v as_o ancient_a as_o any_o other_o law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v the_o extent_n of_o this_o law_n for_o the_o extent_n of_o this_o law_n the_o title_n of_o this_o statute_n show_v it_o viz_o a_o general_a act_n for_o grant_v commission_n of_o sewer_n within_o the_o realm_n without_o any_o word_n of_o restraint_n other_o than_o these_o where_o need_n shall_v require_v and_o although_o expounder_n of_o the_o law_n be_v not_o tie_v to_o make_v the_o title_n their_o text_n either_o for_o the_o body_n or_o the_o bound_n of_o it_o yet_o it_o may_v serve_v to_o give_v some_o direction_n in_o the_o exposition_n thereof_o but_o to_o make_v the_o title_n to_o be_v the_o ground_n in_o the_o material_a exposition_n of_o the_o law_n may_v lead_v the_o expositor_n many_o time_n into_o error_n for_o in_o stradling_n and_o morgan_n case_n in_o plo._n com._n the_o morgan_n stradling_n and_o morgan_n title_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v for_o the_o true_a answer_v for_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o word_n in_o the_o body_n do_v extend_v the_o same_o to_o the_o receiver_n of_o subject_n but_o there_o the_o judge_n and_o expounder_n of_o that_o law_n go_v with_o the_o title_n in_o a_o statute_n make_v in_o 23._o eliz._n the_o title_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v for_o politic_a eliz._n 23._o eliz._n constitution_n for_o the_o navy_n and_o in_o that_o statute_n there_o be_v a_o new_a fish_n day_n provide_v which_o no_o man_n will_v have_v look_v for_o under_o such_o a_o title_n and_o lucian_n a_o ancient_a greek_a poet_n compile_v a_o book_n and_o in_o the_o frontispiece_n thereof_o entitle_v the_o same_o a_o book_n of_o true_a report_n where_o look_v into_o it_o there_o be_v not_o any_o thing_n true_a therein_o so_o it_o appear_v though_o in_o act_n and_o book_n the_o title_n and_o style_n may_v give_v help_n in_o the_o exposition_n and_o may_v serve_v as_o a_o index_n or_o table_n to_o find_v out_o the_o matter_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o fit_a to_o rely_v upon_o they_o but_o that_o they_o may_v be_v use_v or_o refuse_v as_o occasion_n shall_v serve_v howsoever_o there_o be_v better_a concord_n betwixt_o the_o title_n and_o the_o body_n of_o my_o statute_n for_o the_o corpse_n of_o the_o act_n perform_v as_o much_o as_o the_o title_n promise_v whereby_o the_o inland_a country_n of_o nottingham_n northampton_n huntingdon_n bedford_n and_o the_o like_a may_v have_v the_o use_n of_o this_o statute_n as_o well_o as_o the_o maritine_n country_n of_o lincoln_n york_n cambridge_n norfolk_z suffolk_z kent_z sussex_n hampshire_n devon_n cornwall_n gloucester_n chester_n and_o lancashire_n if_o not_o in_o all_o yet_o in_o part_n as_o hereafter_o i_o shall_v make_v it_o appear_v in_o my_o second_o lecture_n upon_o this_o law_n and_o although_o both_o the_o statute_n of_o 6._o hen._n 8._o and_o the_o register_n and_o fitz._n nat._n brev._n make_v all_o of_o they_o mention_n in_o those_o commission_n of_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n and_o of_o no_o other_o county_n yet_o doubtless_o the_o lawmaker_n and_o judge_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o the_o expositor_n do_v intend_v then_o and_o do_v extend_v they_o to_o all_o the_o part_n and_o county_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o yet_o i_o take_v it_o that_o the_o first_o original_a and_o the_o chief_a use_n of_o these_o law_n be_v in_o the_o say_v maritine_n country_n which_o stand_v in_o most_o need_v thereof_o and_o especial_o lincolnshire_n where_o be_v the_o huge_a great_a and_o vast_a fen_n and_o marsh_n but_o yet_o notwithstanding_o they_o may_v serve_v general_o for_o all_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n as_o the_o extent_n of_o this_o statute_n i_o read_v on_o have_v bound_v they_o so_o herein_o my_o conclusion_n be_v that_o the_o extent_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v as_o large_a as_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n the_o necessary_a use_n of_o it_o from_o the_o title_n i_o be_o now_o come_v to_o the_o preamble_n of_o this_o statute_n where_o the_o word_n be_v very_o solid_a and_o weighty_a that_o be_v that_o the_o king_n nothing_o earthly_a so_o high_o weigh_v as_o the_o advance_v the_o common_a profit_n wealth_n and_o commodity_n of_o this_o realm_n by_o the_o which_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o make_n of_o this_o law_n be_v of_o all_o other_o think_v to_o be_v most_o necessary_a and_o of_o great_a consequence_n when_o the_o king_n prefer_v the_o same_o before_o any_o earthly_a thing_n and_o the_o king_n care_v herein_o become_v his_o royal_a person_n very_o worthy_o because_o by_o this_o statute_n safety_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o realm_n and_o wealth_n and_o profit_n to_o the_o people_n thereof_o great_a and_o better_a fruit_n then_o which_o no_o humane_a law_n can_v produce_v and_o the_o chief_a execution_n of_o this_o law_n be_v most_o apt_o
can_v be_v impart_v to_o another_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o personal_a view_n can_v be_v lend_v to_o another_o or_o divide_v from_o the_o person_n no_o more_o can_v the_o personal_a touch_n or_o act_v of_o my_o hand_n be_v impart_v to_o another_o and_o yet_o express_v livery_n which_o be_v the_o deed_n and_o act_n of_o the_o hand_n may_v be_v do_v per_fw-la auter_n main_a sir_n francis_n englefields_n case_n in_o the_o seven_o report_n of_o sir_n case_n 7._o report_n englefields_n case_n edward_n cook_n give_v we_o a_o pretty_a difference_n where_o the_o act_n to_o be_v do_v be_v unseparable_o tie_v to_o one_o person_n and_o where_o not_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o thomas_n duke_n of_o norfolk_n where_o upon_o conveyance_n of_o divers_a manor_n to_o philip_n earl_n of_o arundel_n his_o son_n there_o be_v a_o proviso_n that_o the_o duke_n may_v revoke_v the_o same_o upon_o signify_v of_o his_o mind_n under_o his_o own_o proper_a hand_n in_o writing_n etc._n etc._n this_o power_n of_o revocation_n be_v not_o transfer_v to_o the_o queen_n by_o the_o attainder_n of_o the_o duke_n because_o it_o be_v inseparable_o tie_v to_o his_o own_o proper_a hand_n but_o the_o principal_a case_n there_o of_o englefield_n where_o the_o case_n canc._n in_o combs_n case_n land_n be_v settle_v upon_o his_o kinsman_n with_o power_n that_o upon_o tender_a of_o a_o ring_n by_o he_o he_o may_v revoke_v the_o use_n and_o this_o be_v forfeit_a by_o his_o attainder_n and_o the_o queen_n by_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n make_v to_o two_o do_v tender_v the_o ring_n for_o this_o be_v not_o precise_o or_o literal_o tie_v to_o englefields_n person_n no_o more_o than_o payment_n of_o money_n or_o such_o like_a and_o so_o in_o our_o case_n though_o by_o the_o law_n i_o take_v it_o that_o livery_n within_o the_o view_n must_v be_v in_o the_o view_n of_o both_o the_o party_n yet_o this_o may_v be_v do_v by_o attorney_n for_o as_o my_o own_o hand_n be_v not_o precise_o tie_v by_o the_o law_n to_o a_o express_a livery_n no_o more_o be_v my_o own_o eye_n express_o tie_v to_o this_o view_n and_o we_o see_v in_o view_n in_o a_o assize_n the_o under_o sheriff_n or_o dier_n 36._o h._n 8._o dier_n the_o sheriff_n bailiff_n by_o his_o direction_n may_v make_v the_o view_n and_o yet_o the_o writ_n be_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n to_o do_v the_o same_o case_n morse_n &_o penningtons_n case_n and_o in_o those_o case_n a_o intellectual_a view_n will_v serve_v as_o if_o the_o juror_n know_v the_o land_n but_o such_o a_o intellectual_a view_n will_v not_o serve_v in_o a_o feoffment_n but_o there_o the_o view_n must_v be_v actual_a yet_o i_o take_v this_o difference_n that_o if_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n be_v direct_v to_o a._n b._n to_o make_v livery_n and_o seisin_n he_o can_v do_v the_o same_o within_o the_o view_n for_o therein_o he_o do_v not_o pursue_v his_o warrant_n but_o if_o the_o letter_n of_o attorney_n be_v special_a to_o give_v or_o take_v livery_n within_o the_o view_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n than_o the_o livery_n may_v in_o such_o a_o case_n be_v give_v and_o take_v by_o attorney_n within_o the_o view_n as_o well_o as_o in_o comb_n case_v in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n 9_o report_n where_o it_o be_v affirm_v that_o a_o surrender_n of_o a_o copyhold_n may_v be_v give_v and_o take_v by_o attorney_n which_o be_v as_o personal_a as_o this_o be_v in_o the_o take_a part_n because_o fealty_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v some_o thing_n may_v in_o this_o case_n be_v further_o allege_v in_o this_o three_o point_n which_o i_o now_o have_v in_o hand_n that_o be_v who_o must_v make_v the_o letter_n of_o attorney_n on_o the_o feoffee_n part_n whether_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n or_o he_o in_o the_o remainder_n or_o both_o of_o they_o for_o lessee_n for_o year_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o his_o estate_n have_v not_o any_o perfection_n thereby_o and_o he_o seem_v himself_o but_o a_o deputy_n and_o if_o so_o than_o a_o deputy_n can_v make_v a_o deputy_n but_o yet_o he_o be_v not_o mere_o a_o deputy_n for_o if_o there_o be_v two_o lessee_n the_o remainder_n in_o fee_n to_o i._n s._n one_o of_o the_o lessee_n may_v take_v the_o livery_n and_o seisin_n yet_o if_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n be_v make_v to_o two_o joint_o one_o of_o they_o can_v take_v it_o and_o if_o in_o our_o case_n the_o lessee_n have_v dye_v before_o entry_n the_o livery_n may_v have_v be_v make_v to_o his_o executor_n and_o power_n and_o authority_n can_v be_v apportion_v and_o come_v to_o executor_n in_o such_o manner_n ergo_fw-la it_o be_v more_o than_o a_o power_n of_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a and_o for_o these_o ensue_a for_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n can_v be_v prohibit_v from_o take_v his_o livery_n by_o the_o lessor_n but_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n may_v be_v countermand_v yet_o the_o lessee_n alone_o can_v make_v this_o letter_n of_o attorney_n neither_o can_v he_o in_o the_o remainder_n make_v the_o same_o because_o he_o can_v not_o himself_o accept_v of_o the_o present_a livery_n neither_o can_v he_o meddle_v with_o the_o present_a possession_n which_o a_o livery_n and_o scisin_n yield_v but_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o lessee_n for_o year_n and_o he_o in_o remainder_n must_v join_v in_o the_o letter_n of_o attorney_n for_o these_o reason_n first_o they_o be_v both_o one_o party_n to_o the_o deed_n so_o ought_v they_o to_o be_v to_o the_o letter_n of_o attorney_n which_o be_v to_o give_v life_n thereunto_o second_o they_o be_v but_o in_o law_n one_o tenant_n three_o they_o shall_v join_v in_o advoury_a and_o in_o many_o case_n the_o lessee_n shall_v have_v aid_n of_o he_o in_o remainder_n for_o the_o privity_n between_o their_o estate_n and_o although_o the_o lessee_n get_v no_o estate_n by_o the_o livery_n yet_o he_o assist_v himself_o thereby_o with_o the_o aid_n and_o strength_n of_o he_o in_o the_o remainder_n and_o the_o livery_n go_v through_o his_o estate_n and_o so_o pass_v into_o the_o remainder_n therefore_o my_o conclusion_n be_v that_o they_o shall_v join_v in_o this_o letter_n of_o attorney_n and_o hereby_o i_o suppose_v i_o have_v convey_v a_o good_a estate_n in_o the_o manner_n to_o i._o s._n in_o the_o remainder_n to_o maintain_v my_o position_n for_o he_o in_o the_o end_n of_o my_o case_n and_o here_o i_o end_v my_o three_o common_a law_n point_n and_o now_o be_o come_v to_o the_o statute_n the_o reader_n argument_n upon_o the_o statute_n and_o commission_n the_o sea_n within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n first_o touch_v our_o mare_n anglicum_fw-la in_o who_o the_o interest_n therein_o be_v and_o by_o what_o law_n the_o government_n thereof_o be_v be_v a_o fit_a question_n and_o worth_n the_o handle_n and_o in_o my_o argument_n therein_o i_o hope_v to_o make_v it_o manifest_a by_o many_o proof_n and_o precident_n of_o great_a worth_n and_o esteem_n that_o the_o king_n have_v therein_o these_o power_n and_o property_n videlicet_fw-la 1._o imperium_fw-la regale_n 2._o potestatem_fw-la legalem_fw-la 3._o proprietatem_fw-la tam_fw-la soli_fw-la quam_fw-la aquae_fw-la 4._o possessionem_fw-la &_o proficuum_fw-la tam_fw-la real_a quam_fw-la personale_fw-la and_o all_o these_o he_o have_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n in_o the_o 6._o r._n 2._o fitz._n prot._n 46._o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v within_o 2._o 6._o r._n 2._o the_o legiance_n of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o his_o crown_n of_o england_n this_o prove_v that_o on_o the_o sea_n the_o king_n have_v dominationem_fw-la &_o imperium_fw-la ut_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o this_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n the_o charter_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n have_v these_o word_n charter_n admiral_n charter_n in_o it_o quod_fw-la habeat_fw-la potestatem_fw-la in_o causis_fw-la maritimis_fw-la ac_fw-la omne_fw-la bona_fw-la waviata_fw-la flotsan_fw-la jetsan_n &_o lagan_n ac_fw-la omne_fw-la bona_fw-la mercimonia_fw-la &_o catalla_fw-la in_o mare_fw-la depordita_fw-la seu_fw-la extra_fw-la mare_fw-la projecta_fw-la ac_fw-la omne_fw-la &_o singula_fw-la casualia_fw-la tam_fw-la in_o vel_fw-la super_fw-la mare_fw-la vel_fw-la littora_fw-la crecas_fw-la vel_fw-la coster_fw-la as_o maris_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o vel_fw-la super_fw-la aquas_fw-la dulces_fw-la portus_fw-la flumina_fw-la rivos_fw-la aut_fw-la alios_fw-la locos_fw-la superinundatos_fw-la quoscunque_fw-la inter_fw-la fluxum_fw-la &_o refluxum_fw-la maris_fw-la ceu_fw-la aquae_fw-la ad_fw-la plenitudinem_fw-la à _fw-la quibuscunque_fw-la primis_fw-la pontibus_fw-la versus_fw-la mare_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la imprimis_fw-la this_o charter_n be_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n quod_fw-la est_fw-la lex_fw-la angliae_fw-la the_o king_n grant_v to_o the_o admiral_n thereby_o power_n in_o maritine_n cause_n which_o prove_v the_o king_n legal_a power_n and_o jurisdiction_n on_o
use_n thereof_o be_v common_a to_o all_o man_n and_o the_o power_n thereof_o the_o king_n have_v by_o his_o law_n proprietas_fw-la domino_fw-la usus_fw-la populo_fw-la potestas_fw-la regi_fw-la wherein_o for_o more_o clear_a illustration_n of_o this_o matter_n i_o put_v this_o case_n populo_fw-la proprietas_fw-la domo_fw-la usus_fw-la populo_fw-la that_o i._o s._n do_v cut_v the_o sea_n bank_n or_o the_o bank_n of_o a_o great_a regi_fw-la potestas_fw-la regi_fw-la river_n and_o i._o b._n which_o have_v occasion_n to_o pass_v thereby_o fall_v unaware_o into_o the_o cut_n and_o be_v hurt_v in_o body_n or_o good_n the_o party_n which_o cut_v this_o bank_n incure_v these_o mulct_n for_o first_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o soil_n may_v have_v his_o action_n of_o trespass_n quare_fw-la solum_fw-la fodit_fw-la and_o he_o which_o fall_v therein_o may_v have_v his_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n against_o the_o dig_a of_o that_o cut_n for_o to_o 9_o 8_o e_z 4_o 9_o 27_o h._n 8._o 27._o 2_o e._n 4._o 9_o recover_v his_o damage_n for_o his_o special_a hurt_n and_o the_o offendor_n may_v also_o be_v indict_v at_o the_o king_n suit_n for_o the_o general_a wrong_n do_v to_o the_o king_n people_n and_o the_o like_a law_n be_v of_o highway_n a_o wall_n do_v differ_v in_o point_n of_o ownershhip_n from_o a_o bank_n first_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o material_n the_o same_o be_v make_v on_o for_o a_o bank_n be_v make_v exit_fw-la solo_fw-la &_o fundo_fw-la qua_fw-la ex_fw-la suis_fw-la propriis_fw-la naturis_fw-la sunt_fw-la cadem_fw-la cum_fw-la terra_fw-la super_fw-la qua_fw-la edificatur_fw-la but_o so_o be_v not_o a_o wall_n for_o it_o be_v a_o artificial_a edifice_n not_o of_o the_o material_n arise_v of_o the_o place_n where_o it_o stand_v but_o which_o be_v bring_v thither_o and_o build_v there_o ad_fw-la propria_fw-la onera_fw-la &_o costagia_fw-la partis_fw-la so_o that_o the_o ownership_n &_o property_n of_o a_o wall_n do_v appertain_v to_o he_o who_o be_v bind_v to_o repair_v the_o same_o though_o his_o ground_n lie_v not_o next_o thereto_o but_o of_o a_o bank_n the_o property_n and_o ownership_n be_v he_o who_o ground_n adjoyn_v thereto_o and_o this_o shall_v i_o hope_v suffice_v to_o have_v say_v of_o bank_n and_o wall_n the_o two_o first_o defence_n nominate_v in_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n the_o letter_n of_o this_o statute_n and_o commission_n seem_v to_o extend_v only_o to_o bank_n wall_n and_o other_o defence_n stand_v and_o be_v by_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o marish_a ground_n thereto_o adjoin_v but_o whether_o the_o bank_n and_o wall_n of_o fresh_a river_n which_o have_v their_o course_n to_o the_o sea_n be_v within_o this_o statute_n or_o not_o have_v heretofore_o breed_v some_o question_n but_o for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o be_o clear_a of_o opinion_n that_o they_o be_v within_o the_o provision_n of_o these_o law_n for_o there_o be_v two_o mischief_n recite_v in_o the_o statute_n the_o first_o be_v for_o not_o maintain_v the_o wall_n and_o bank_n against_o the_o sea_n by_o reason_n whereof_o great_a hurt_n have_v happen_v thereby_o by_o the_o overflow_a thereof_o and_o the_o other_o by_o the_o inundation_n of_o fresh_a watercourse_n through_o landflood_n which_o have_v do_v some_o damage_n to_o the_o ground_n next_o adjoin_v and_o these_o law_n apply_v a_o remedy_n to_o both_o these_o grievance_n that_o be_v by_o repair_v the_o wall_n and_o bank_n next_o the_o sea_n and_o by_o maintain_v of_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o fresh_a inland_a river_n to_o cause_v they_o keep_v their_o water_n within_o their_o channel_n and_o i_o take_v it_o there_o be_v word_n in_o the_o statute_n that_o will_v bear_v this_o construction_n viz._n that_o by_o the_o rage_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v and_o reflow_a and_o by_o mean_n of_o the_o trench_n of_o fresh_a water_n descend_v and_o have_v their_o course_n to_o the_o sea_n by_o divers_a way_n be_v so_o dirupt_a lacerate_v and_o break_v etc._n etc._n and_o also_o in_o the_o preamble_n of_o the_o statute_n the_o word_n there_o be_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o outrageous_a flow_a surge_n &_o course_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o &_o upon_o marsh_n ground_n and_o other_o low_a place_n heretofore_o through_o politic_a wisdom_n win_v and_o make_v profitable_a for_o the_o great_a commonwealth_n of_o this_o realm_n as_o also_o by_o occasion_n of_o land_n water_n and_o other_o outrageous_a spring_n in_o and_o upon_o meadow_n pasture_n and_o low_a ground_n adjoin_v to_o river_n stream_n and_o current_n wherein_o the_o water_n be_v to_o have_v their_o course_n and_o what_o keep_v the_o fresh_a water_n within_o this_o channel_n but_o good_a and_o serviceable_a wall_n and_o bank_n and_o what_o thing_n do_v this_o law_n intend_v to_o be_v dirupt_a lacerate_v and_o break_v but_o the_o wall_n bank_n and_o other_o defence_n which_o pen_v up_o their_o water_n and_o these_o word_n extend_v more_o proper_o to_o the_o wall_n and_o bank_n of_o fresh_a inland_a river_n then_o to_o sea_n coast_n and_o i_o do_v find_v some_o ancient_a authority_n in_o the_o point_n out_o of_o the_o charter_n of_o romney_n marsh_n pag._n where_o the_o word_n be_v ad_fw-la distriction_n '_o marsh_n romney_n marsh_n faciend_n '_o add_v reparand_n '_o wallia_fw-la &_o watergaugia_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la marisei_fw-la contra_fw-la maris_fw-la impetum_fw-la inundationem_fw-la aliarum_fw-la aquar_fw-la '_o dulcium_fw-la which_o last_o word_n can_v have_v no_o other_o construction_n or_o interpretation_n but_o to_o extend_v the_o same_o to_o the_o bank_n and_o and_o wall_n of_o navigable_a and_o other_o fresh_a river_n and_o watergauge_n of_o fresh_a stream_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o h._n 4._o cap._n 12._o make_v the_o scruple_n clear_v wherein_o the_o word_n be_v that_o the_o common_a 12._o 1_o h._n 4._o cap._n 12._o passage_n of_o ship_n and_o boat_n in_o great_a river_n of_o england_n be_v oftentimes_o disturb_v by_o leave_v of_o wear_v etc._n etc._n and_o provide_v a_o remedy_n therein_o so_o hereby_o it_o be_v manifest_v that_o fresh_a navigable_a stream_n be_v within_o these_o law_n private_a wall_n and_o bank_n but_o all_o bank_n and_o wall_n wherein_o water_n be_v pen_v be_v not_o within_o the_o provision_n of_o these_o law_n but_o only_o such_o as_o belong_v to_o common_a and_o public_a river_n and_o ditch_n sewer_n and_o stream_n for_o wall_n and_o bank_n make_v and_o erect_v as_o fence_n to_o man_n private_a ground_n and_o there_o set_v or_o make_v to_o ditch_n gutter_n and_o stream_n for_o the_o drayn_n and_o water_v of_o man_n private_a ground_n be_v not_o within_o these_o law_n for_o these_o law_n take_v cognisance_n and_o notice_n of_o none_o but_o of_o such_o as_o tend_v to_o the_o good_a service_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o therefore_o whereas_o in_o the_o port_n of_o holland_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n and_o in_o other_o part_n of_o this_o realm_n divers_a private_a person_n have_v for_o inning_n and_o safety_n of_o their_o marsh_n and_o marsh_n ground_n cast_v great_a bank_n for_o those_o private_a use_n these_o bank_n be_v not_o within_o the_o protection_n and_o defence_n of_o these_o law_n to_o be_v maintain_v but_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o they_o may_v be_v extirp_v if_o they_o be_v let_v and_o a_o hindrance_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o country_n where_o they_o be_v erect_v forasmuch_o as_o i_o be_o now_o in_o hand_n with_o wall_n and_o bank_n the_o defence_n to_o river_n sewer_n ditch_n and_o gutter_n i_o therefore_o take_v it_o that_o it_o will_v hold_v good_a correspondency_n here_o in_o this_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o they_o and_o of_o their_o dependency_n a_o river_n therefore_o be_v a_o run_a stream_n pen_v in_o on_o either_o side_n with_o wall_n and_o bank_n and_o bear_v that_o name_n as_o well_o where_o the_o water_n flow_v and_o reflow_v as_o where_o the_o water_n have_v their_o current_n one_o way_n as_o be_v express_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o pischary_a of_o the_o banne_n in_o ireland_n in_o the_o statute_n of_o 4_o h._n 7._o cap._n 15._o 11_o 4_o h._n 7._o 23_o h._n 8_o â—â—_o l._n ass_n pl._n 11_o thames_n be_v term_v a_o river_n in_o 34_o lib._n ass_n pl._n 11._o and_o in_o blow_n com._n fol._n 129._o tyne_n and_o tese_n be_v both_o name_v river_n and_o in_o 19_o h._n 7._o cap._n 18._o severn_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o river_n trent_n humber_n boston_n haven_n lin_z haven_n and_o tiber_n orontes_n euphrates_n 7._o 19_o h_n 7._o and_o anfidies_n near_o which_o hannibal_n the_o carthaginean_a general_n strike_v the_o battle_n of_o can_v be_v all_o of_o they_o in_o history_n of_o great_a authority_n name_v river_n rennatus_n choppinus_n in_o his_o treatise_n de_fw-fr dominio_fw-la francia_fw-la choppinus_n choppinus_n lib._n 1._o tit._n 16._o de_fw-la fluminibus_fw-la say_v that_o fluminum_fw-la duo_fw-la sunt_fw-la genera_fw-la regalia_z quaedam_fw-la
into_o his_o office_n and_o therefore_o the_o offence_n be_v great_a in_o he_o then_o in_o another_o man_n i_o have_v learn_v in_o book_n that_o a_o fine_a have_v these_o quality_n with_o it_o first_o the_o party_n in_o that_o case_n be_v imprisonable_a second_o the_o cause_n for_o which_o it_o be_v impose_v be_v not_o traversable_a be_v mere_o the_o act_n of_o the_o court_n but_o if_o it_o be_v impose_v upon_o a_o presentment_n find_v by_o jury_n than_o the_o cause_n be_v traversable_a three_o all_o fine_n ought_v to_o be_v assess_v abate_v or_o increase_v in_o plena_fw-la curia_fw-la and_o not_o elsewhere_o four_o every_o fine_a aught_o to_o be_v reasonable_a and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v put_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n in_o mind_n as_o the_o statute_n of_o 34_o ed._n 3._o cap_n 1._o do_v the_o justice_n of_o peace_n that_o those_o fine_n that_o they_o shall_v impose_v for_o any_o 3._o 34_o ed._n 3._o offence_n come_v before_o they_o shall_v be_v reasonable_a have_v respect_n to_o the_o quantity_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o offence_n for_o excessus_fw-la in_o re_fw-la qualibit_fw-la jure_fw-la reprobatur_fw-la communi_fw-la but_o because_o in_o godfry_n case_v it_o be_v say_v that_o commitment_n of_o the_o body_n to_o prison_n be_v incident_a to_o a_o fine_a as_o by_o a_o gapias_fw-la pro_fw-la fine_n also_o may_v be_v collect_v yet_o i_o hold_v it_o questionable_a whether_o the_o fine_a shall_v precede_v the_o commitment_n or_o the_o commitment_n the_o fine_a but_o for_o my_o own_o opinion_n i_o hold_v that_o this_o lie_v much_o in_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o i_o find_v case_n and_o precedent_n both_o way_n for_o in_o 41_o assiz_n plac_fw-la 12._o a_o officer_n be_v imprison_v quousque_fw-la finem_fw-la fecerit_fw-la where_o the_o imprisonment_n precede_v the_o fine_a and_o with_o this_o agree_v 7_o h._n 6._o fol._n 25._o 6._o 7_o h._n 6._o and_o in_o 33_o h._n 6._o fol._n 21._o one_o be_v fine_v and_o after_o imprison_v for_o it_o and_o there_o the_o fine_a do_v precede_v the_o imprisonment_n 6._o 33_o h._n 6._o but_o upon_o all_o these_o i_o take_v the_o law_n to_o be_v that_o if_o one_o be_v fine_v and_o this_o fine_a may_v be_v levy_v by_o the_o justice_n as_o justices_z of_o the_o peace_n may_v do_v but_o not_o justice_n of_o sewer_n there_o the_o imprisonment_n may_v be_v quousque_fw-la finem_fw-la fecit_fw-la because_o the_o fine_a be_v leviable_a by_o they_o but_o the_o law_n be_v not_o so_o of_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n because_o they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o levy_v but_o to_o extreat_v the_o fine_n into_o the_o king_n exchequer_n howsoever_o one_o before_o they_o may_v be_v both_o imprison_v and_o fine_v diversis_fw-la tamen_fw-la respectibus_fw-la the_o one_o for_o the_o wrong_n do_v the_o other_o for_o the_o contempt_n or_o disobedience_n to_o the_o court_n as_o for_o example_n if_o one_o refuse_v to_o be_v a_o collector_n he_o be_v finable_a to_o the_o king_n because_o hereby_o the_o commonweal_n be_v without_o a_o officer_n and_o he_o may_v also_o be_v imprison_v for_o disobey_v the_o justice_n command_n and_o yet_o in_o my_o opinion_n it_o lie_v much_o if_o not_o altogether_o in_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n to_o impose_v or_o inflict_v both_o the_o say_a punishment_n or_o one_o of_o they_o at_o their_o pleasure_n be_v not_o therein_o precise_o limit_v by_o this_o statute_n amerciament_n amerciament_n be_v not_o so_o grievous_a as_o fine_n be_v for_o they_o be_v derive_v of_o the_o word_n miserecordia_fw-la which_o signify_v moderation_n &_o mercy_n and_o to_o that_o end_n be_v the_o writ_n in_o the_o register_n moderata_fw-la miserecordia_fw-la devise_v where_o one_o be_v outrageous_o ameree_v he_o may_v be_v relieve_v by_o sue_v forth_o that_o writ_n which_o write_v and_o the_o law_n in_o that_o case_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o grand_a charter_n charta_fw-la magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap_n 14._o quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la libre_fw-la homo_fw-la amercietur_fw-la nisi_fw-la secundum_fw-la quantitatem_fw-la delicti_fw-la and_o that_o none_o of_o the_o say_a amerciament_n be_v impose_v sed_fw-la per_fw-la juramentum_fw-la legalium_fw-la hominum_fw-la de_fw-la viceneto_fw-la glanvil_n in_o his_o book_n say_v est_fw-la autem_fw-la miserecordia_fw-la domini_fw-la glauvil_n glauvil_n regis_fw-la qua_fw-la quis_fw-la per_fw-la juramentum_fw-la legalium_fw-la hominum_fw-la de_fw-la viceneto_fw-la eatenus_fw-la amerciand_n '_o est_fw-fr and_o fleta_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 48._o say_v quod_fw-la fleta_n fleta_n libre_fw-la home_n non_fw-la amercietur_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la parium_fw-la suorum_fw-la and_o with_o these_o agree_v bracton_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 1._o and_o fitz._n nat._n breed_v fol._n 72._o and_o if_o the_o steward_n set_v a_o amerciament_n upon_o a_o bracton_n bracton_n man_n on_o his_o own_o head_n it_o be_v void_a by_o which_o authority_n it_o plain_o appear_v that_o amerciament_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v by_o a_o jury_n or_o by_o the_o oath_n of_o good_a and_o lawful_a man_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v heretofore_o much_o marvel_v when_o sometime_o i_o have_v see_v justice_n of_o sewer_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o set_v down_o amerciament_n without_o assistance_n of_o the_o jury_n which_o act_n of_o they_o be_v direct_o against_o the_o say_a great_a charter_n of_o england_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o say_a authority_n of_o law_n so_o that_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n between_o the_o impose_v of_o fine_n which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o justice_n and_o amerciament_n which_o be_v by_o jury_n or_o otherwise_o per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la parium_fw-la so_o be_v there_o great_a diversity_n between_o the_o offence_n of_o the_o one_o kind_n and_o the_o other_o for_o if_o one_o do_v suffer_v a_o wall_n bank_n or_o other_o work_n of_o sewer_n to_o fall_v into_o decay_n for_o want_v of_o repair_v which_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o maintain_v by_o frontage_n tenure_n custom_n or_o covenant_n he_o be_v in_o this_o case_n to_o be_v amerce_v therefore_o and_o so_o if_o one_o be_v bind_v by_o any_o of_o the_o say_a tie_n to_o repair_v a_o bridge_n calcey_n goat_n getty_n sluice_n or_o to_o cleanse_v a_o river_n if_o the_o same_o by_o his_o neglect_n be_v leave_v undo_v or_o unrepaired_a he_o be_v therefore_o amerceable_a so_o if_o one_o be_v present_v for_o cast_v dirt_n sand_n ballast_n or_o other_o annoyance_n into_o the_o river_n or_o stream_n or_o for_o dig_v down_o the_o bank_n or_o for_o pull_v down_o the_o wall_n thereof_o if_o the_o presentment_n do_v not_o express_v the_o same_o to_o be_v do_v with_o force_n or_o therein_o be_v want_v the_o word_n purpresture_n the_o party_n present_v be_v then_o but_o amerceable_a therefore_o so_o when_o one_o be_v tie_v to_o cleanse_v the_o river_n for_o passage_n of_o boat_n and_o ballanger_n or_o for_o the_o drain_n of_o the_o water_n if_o he_o suffer_v sand-bed_n to_o lie_v and_o choke_v up_o the_o channel_n he_o be_v amerceable_a and_o not_o fineable_a therefore_o for_o no_o permission_n sufferance_n neglect_n or_o nonfeasan_n can_v be_v find_v to_o be_v by_o force_n because_o they_o consist_v not_o in_o agendo_fw-la &_o sic_fw-la in_o similibus_fw-la casibus_fw-la yet_o some_o case_n follow_v fall_n out_o of_o these_o rule_v pro_fw-la ut_fw-la sequuntur_fw-la as_o if_o the_o violence_n of_o water_n be_v so_o great_a either_o by_o break_v in_o of_o the_o sea_n in_o a_o extraordinary_a manner_n or_o by_o a_o sudden_a flood_n or_o inundation_n of_o fresh_a water_n after_o a_o rain_n that_o thereby_o the_o defence_n be_v break_v down_o or_o cause_v sand-bed_n or_o other_o nuisance_n to_o be_v these_o be_v present_v no_o man_n be_v amerceable_a therefore_o because_o the_o same_o can_v not_o have_v be_v prevent_v by_o policy_n nor_o resist_v by_o strength_n in_o 42_o lib._n assiz_n plac_fw-la 15._o a_o presentment_n be_v that_o i._o s._n ass_n 42_o lib._n ass_n have_v suffer_v tree_n to_o grow_v into_o the_o water_n and_o lay_v in_o the_o stream_n by_o reason_n whereof_o ship_n be_v hinder_v in_o their_o passage_n and_o there_o be_v a_o writ_n award_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n to_o remove_v the_o nusans_a but_o knivet_n justice_n say_v there_o that_o i._o s._n shall_v not_o be_v amerce_v because_o the_o nusan_o be_v no_o act_n of_o he_o but_o the_o tree_n grow_v so_o natural_o of_o themselves_o but_o perhaps_o it_o will_v be_v object_v to_o i_o can_v no_o amerciament_n be_v set_v but_o by_o a_o jury_n or_o by_o the_o oath_n of_o twelve_o man_n yes_o i_o be_o opinion_n it_o may_v be_v do_v by_o the_o presentment_n of_o the_o surveyor_n of_o the_o sewer_n for_o that_o be_v per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la parium_fw-la as_o the_o law_n appoint_v and_o in_o a_o nonsuit_n we_o see_v daily_o that_o in_o such_o case_n the_o plaintiff_n be_v to_o be_v amerce_v and_o this_o amerciament_n shall_v be_v assess_v by_o the_o coroner_n of_o the_o county_n as_o appear_v in_o greisleys_n