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england_n great_a king_n slay_v 3,766 5 8.1107 4 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A90787 The natural history of Oxford-shire, being an essay toward the natural history of England. / By Robert Plot ... Plot, Robert, 1640-1696. 1677 (1677) Wing P2585; ESTC R231542 322,508 394

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where_o the_o king_n as_o head_n consult_v with_o the_o clergy_n noble_n and_o other_o about_o the_o manner_n and_o government_n of_o the_o people_n where_o he_o deliver_v some_o grave_a admonition_n concern_v the_o same_o the_o word_n of_o the_o mss._n be_v these_o at_o sifford_n seten_v dancr_n many_o feel_v biscops_n et_fw-fr feel_v bocler_v earl_n prude_v et_fw-fr cnihte_n egloche_n ðer_o ƿa_v erle_n elfricof_o ðe_a lage_n smuth_n ƿise_v &_o aec_fw-la alfred_n englehird_n engle_n derling_n on_o england_n he_o ƿas_o ce_a hem_o he_o begin_v leren_n sƿo_o high_a heren_n mihten_v hu_o hi_o here_o lif_fw-mi leden_fw-mi scolden_a i_o e._n there_o sit_v at_o shifford_n many_o thanes_z many_z bishop_n and_o many_o learned_a man_n wise_a earl_n and_o awful_a knight_n there_o be_v earl_n elfrick_n very_o learn_v in_o the_o law_n and_o alfred_n england_n herdsman_n england_n darling_n he_o be_v king_n of_o england_n
he_o teach_v they_o that_o can_v hear_v he_o how_o they_o shall_v live_v 7._o to_o which_o perhaps_o may_v be_v add_v the_o great_a council_n of_o kyrtlington_n hold_v there_o not_o long_o after_o in_o a_o 977_o at_o which_o be_v present_a king_n edward_n the_o martyr_n and_o st_n dunstan_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o at_o which_o die_v sidemannus_n bishop_n of_o crediton_n this_o council_n by_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n 493._o spelman_n h._n spelman_n council_n tom._n 1._o an._n 977._o p._n 493._o be_v take_v to_o be_v the_o same_o mention_v by_o wigorniensis_n hold_v at_o kyrtlinege_v which_o he_o guess_v to_o be_v now_o katlage_n in_o cambridge-shire_n but_o i_o rather_o believe_v it_o be_v hold_v here_o not_o only_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o name_n which_o remain_v the_o same_o to_o this_o day_n but_o because_o of_o the_o one_o and_o only_a constitution_n make_v there_o viz._n that_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o country_n people_n to_o go_v in_o pilgrimage_n to_o st._n mary_n of_o abington_n a_o thing_n in_o all_o likelihood_n not_o so_o desirable_a to_o the_o people_n of_o cambridge-shire_n as_o to_o we_o of_o oxford-shire_n so_o near_o the_o place_n beside_o the_o great_a reputation_n that_o this_o place_n be_v of_o in_o ancient_a time_n seem_v to_o justify_v my_o plea_n it_o enjoy_v as_o great_a privilege_n and_o perhaps_o be_v a_o fit_a place_n in_o those_o day_n for_o the_o reception_n of_o such_o a_o assembly_n than_o oxford_n itself_o for_o i_o find_v it_o part_n of_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n from_o who_o it_o come_v to_o henry_n son_n of_o edmund_n crouchback_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n and_o father_n to_o henry_n the_o first_o duke_n of_o lancaster_n by_o who_o daughter_n and_o sole_a heir_n blanch_n it_o come_v to_o john_n of_o gaunt_n duke_n of_o aquitane_n and_o lancaster_n and_o be_v free_a a_o thelonio_n passagio_fw-la lastagio_fw-it pacagio_fw-it stallagio_fw-it tallagio_fw-la tollagio_fw-it cariagio_fw-it &_o terragio_fw-it per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la as_o i_o find_v it_o in_o a_o old_a charter_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o right_n worshipful_a sir_n tho_o chamberleyne_v now_o lord_n of_o the_o town_n who_o singular_a civility_n in_o impart_v this_o and_o some_o other_o matter_n hereafter_o to_o be_v mention_v i_o can_v but_o in_o gratitude_n ever_o acknowledge_v 8._o from_o whence_o after_o so_o long_o but_o i_o hope_v not_o unpleasant_a digression_n i_o return_v to_o the_o beautiful_a oxford_n again_o a_o place_n of_o so_o sweet_a and_o wholesome_a a_o air_n that_o though_o it_o must_v not_o be_v compare_v with_o that_o of_o montpellier_n yet_o upon_o my_o own_o knowledge_n it_o have_v prove_v so_o advantageous_a to_o some_o that_o it_o have_v prefect_o recover_v they_o of_o deep_a consumption_n and_o particular_o a_o worthy_a friend_n of_o i_o who_o though_o he_o come_v hither_o sufficient_o spend_v yet_o without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o other_o physic_n within_o few_o month_n feel_v a_o sensible_a amendment_n and_o in_o few_o year_n become_v of_o as_o sanguine_a a_o complexion_n as_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o friend_n that_o have_v almost_o despair_v of_o he_o 9_o some_o have_v think_v the_o small_a pox_n here_o more_o then_o ordinary_o frequent_a and_o it_o must_v indeed_o be_v confess_v that_o we_o be_v perhaps_o as_o often_o though_o not_o so_o severe_o infest_a as_o some_o other_o place_n for_o general_o here_o they_o be_v so_o favourable_a and_o kind_a that_o be_v the_o nurse_n but_o tolerable_o good_a the_o patient_n seldom_o miscarry_v but_o admit_v the_o objection_n be_v true_o make_v that_o it_o be_v more_o subject_n to_o the_o small_a pox_n than_o other_o neighbour_a city_n about_o yet_o if_o by_o so_o much_o the_o less_o it_o feel_v the_o rage_n of_o the_o plague_n i_o think_v the_o edge_n of_o the_o charge_n be_v sufficient_o rebate_v it_o be_v report_v among_o the_o 49._o the_o philosoph_n transact_v num_fw-la 49._o observation_n of_o a_o ingenious_a person_n that_o reside_v long_o in_o the_o island_n japan_n that_o though_o the_o air_n be_v very_o salubrious_a there_o yet_o the_o small_a pox_n and_o flux_n be_v very_o frequent_a but_o the_o plague_n not_o so_o much_o as_o ever_o hear_v of_o which_o have_v often_o make_v i_o reflect_v on_o the_o year_n 1665_o when_o the_o pestilence_n be_v spread_v in_o a_o manner_n all_o over_o the_o kingdom_n that_o even_o then_o though_o the_o court_n both_o house_n of_o parliament_n and_o the_o term_n be_v keep_v at_o oxford_n the_o plague_n notwithstanding_o be_v not_o there_o at_o all_o 10._o other_o again_o tell_v we_o of_o the_o black_a assize_n hold_v in_o the_o castle_n here_o an_z 1577._o when_o a_o poisonous_a steam_n break_v forth_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o mortal_o seize_v the_o spirit_n of_o the_o judge_n sheriff_n justice_n gentry_z and_o juries_n beside_o great_a number_n of_o other_o that_o attend_v the_o business_n that_o they_o sicken_v upon_o it_o and_o almost_o all_o of_o they_o die_v but_o let_v it_o not_o be_v ascribe_v to_o ill_a fume_n and_o exhalation_n ascend_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o poison_v the_o air_n for_o such_o will_v have_v equal_o affect_v the_o prisoner_n as_o judge_n but_o we_o find_v not_o that_o they_o die_v otherwise_o then_o by_o the_o halter_n which_o easy_o persuade_v i_o to_o be_v of_o the_o mind_n of_o my_o 914._o my_o nat._n hist_o cent._n 10._o num_fw-la 914._o lord_n verulam_n who_o attribute_n it_o whole_o to_o the_o smell_n of_o the_o goal_n where_o the_o prisoner_n have_v be_v long_o close_o and_o nasty_o keep_v 11._o it_o be_v true_a that_o oxford_n be_v much_o more_o unhealthy_a heretofore_o then_o now_o it_o be_v by_o reason_n the_o city_n be_v then_o much_o less_o and_o the_o scholar_n many_o more_o who_o when_o crowd_v up_o in_o so_o narrow_a a_o space_n and_o the_o then_o slovenly_a townsman_n not_o keep_v the_o street_n clean_o but_o kill_v all_o manner_n of_o cattle_n within_o the_o wall_n do_v render_v the_o place_n much_o more_o unhealthy_a hence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o find_v so_o many_o rescript_n of_o our_o king_n prohibit_v mactationem_fw-la grossarum_fw-la bestiarum_fw-la infra_fw-la muros_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la vici_fw-la mundentur_fw-la à_fw-la fimis_fw-la &_o fimariis_fw-la bear_v date_n 13_o hen._n 3._o 29_o edw._n 1._o 12_o edw._n 3._o 37_o hen._n 6._o 91._o 6._o mss._n in_o arch._n bib._n bod._n fol._n 90_o 91._o and_o all_o allege_v the_o reason_n quia_fw-la per_fw-la have_v mactationes_fw-la etc._n etc._n aer_fw-la ibidem_fw-la inficitur_fw-la because_o by_o the_o kill_a such_o manner_n of_o cattle_n and_o lay_v the_o dung_n in_o the_o street_n the_o air_n be_v infect_v moreover_o about_o these_o time_n the_o isis_n and_o cherwell_n through_o the_o carelessness_n of_o the_o townsman_n be_v fill_v with_o mud_n and_o the_o common-shoar_n by_o this_o mean_v stop_v do_v cause_v the_o ascent_n of_o malignant_a vapour_n wherever_o there_o happen_v to_o be_v a_o flood_n for_o beside_o its_o stir_v the_o infectious_a mass_n great_a part_n of_o the_o water_n can_v not_o timely_o pass_v away_o but_o stagnate_v in_o the_o low_a meadow_n can_v not_o but_o increase_v the_o noxious_a putrid_a steam_n but_o the_o former_a be_v long_a since_o remedy_v by_o the_o care_n of_o the_o university_n and_o the_o latter_a by_o the_o piety_n and_o charge_n of_o richard_n fox_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n and_o founder_n of_o c.c.c._n oxon._n who_o in_o the_o year_n 1517._o cleanse_v the_o river_n and_o cut_v more_o trench_n for_o the_o water_n free_a passage_n 245._o passage_n hist_o &_o antiq._n univers_n oxon._n lib._n 1._o pag._n 245._o the_o town_n have_v ever_o since_o continue_v in_o a_o healthful_a condition_n though_o i_o can_v but_o believe_v but_o be_v there_o yet_o more_o trench_n cut_v in_o some_o of_o the_o meadow_n the_o air_n may_v be_v somewhat_o better_v still_o especial_o during_o the_o winter_n season_n when_o i_o fear_v sometime_o flood_n stay_v a_o little_a too_o long_o and_o that_o not_o only_o near_o oxford_n but_o in_o otmoor_n and_o all_o along_o the_o isis_n from_o ensham_n to_o north-moor_n shifford_n chim_o and_o rotcot_n which_o bring_v i_o again_o to_o the_o general_a consideration_n of_o the_o water_n as_o well_o of_o the_o whole_a county_n as_o city_n 12._o that_o the_o healthiness_n of_o water_n consist_v in_o their_o due_a impregnation_n with_o salt_n and_o sulphur_n and_o their_o continuance_n so_o in_o their_o continual_a motion_n be_v indisputable_o evince_v from_o the_o stink_a evaporation_n of_o they_o upon_o any_o stagnation_n now_o that_o the_o river_n here_o abound_v with_o these_o will_v be_v altogether_o as_o manifest_v as_o that_o they_o run_v if_o we_o consider_v but_o the_o spring_n they_o receive_v and_o earth_n they_o wash_v the_o isis_n it_o be_v true_a till_o it_o come_v to_o new-bridge_n receive_v not_o that_o i_o
customary_a for_o they_o to_o have_v so_o many_o cirques_n of_o stone_n as_o kingdom_n though_o in_o the_o same_o country_n thus_o as_o wormius_n testify_v there_o be_v three_o at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n one_o in_o seland_n another_o in_o schoneland_n and_o a_o three_o in_o the_o cimbrick_n territory_n because_o these_o be_v ancient_o three_o distinct_a principality_n and_o under_o the_o dominion_n of_o as_o many_o king_n 12._o king_n ol._n wormii_n mon._n dan._n lib._n 1._o cap._n 12._o as_o it_o be_v certain_a england_n be_v also_o about_o this_o time_n 97._o and_o if_o this_o conjecture_n may_v be_v allow_v to_o take_v place_n we_o be_v supply_v also_o with_o a_o reason_n why_o we_o have_v no_o tumulus_fw-la in_fw-la or_o near_o this_o monument_n there_o be_v no_o king_n or_o eminent_a commander_n slay_v but_o only_o a_o conquest_n of_o the_o enemy_n in_o or_o near_o this_o place_n intimate_v by_o the_o five_o stone_n meet_v in_o a_o point_n at_o the_o top_n which_o perhaps_o may_v be_v the_o disposition_n intend_v by_o saxon_a grammaticus_n and_o out_o of_o he_o by_o wormius_n cuneato_fw-la ordine_fw-la which_o he_o say_v express_o signify_v equestrium_fw-la acies_fw-la ibidem_fw-la vel_fw-la prope_fw-la fortunatius_fw-la triumphasse_n 9_o triumphasse_n idem_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 9_o i._n e._n that_o knight_n or_o horseman_n there_o or_o near_o the_o place_n obtain_v a_o glorious_a victory_n 98._o yet_o against_o this_o conjecture_n i_o foresee_v there_o lie_v two_o objection_n worth_a removal_n 1._o that_o in_o these_o cirques_n of_o stone_n design_v for_o the_o election_n of_o king_n there_o be_v always_o a_o kongstolen_a most_o time_n big_a than_o the_o rest_n place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o as_o intimate_v above_o §_o 90._o and_o second_o that_o have_v this_o place_n be_v at_o first_o design_v for_o the_o inauguration_n of_o a_o danish_a or_o norwegian_a king_n and_o such_o place_n be_v so_o essential_a to_o a_o good_a title_n as_o pretend_v above_o §_o 93._o certain_o all_o the_o king_n of_o the_o danish_a race_n that_o reign_v after_o here_o in_o england_n will_v have_v be_v either_o crown_v here_o or_o at_o some_o other_o such_o forum_n whereas_o we_o have_v no_o such_o kongstolen_a in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o cirque_fw-la and_o beside_o find_v canutus_n with_o great_a solemnity_n crown_v at_o london_n harold_n harefoot_n here_o at_o oxford_n not_o far_o from_o this_o cirque_fw-la and_o hardi-canute_n likewise_o at_o london_n 99_o to_o which_o it_o may_v be_v reply_v that_o though_o not_o place_v in_o the_o cirque_fw-la yet_o here_o be_v a_o kongstolen_a not_o far_o off_o which_o it_o be_v like_a be_v not_o necessary_a shall_v be_v set_v within_o it_o for_o i_o find_v the_o place_n where_o the_o new_a elect_a king_n stand_v and_o show_v himself_o to_o the_o people_n at_o the_o forum_n for_o this_o purpose_n at_o leire_n in_o seland_n to_o have_v be_v without_o the_o area_n as_o our_o kongstolen_a be_v area_n saxis_fw-la undique_fw-la cincta_fw-la coronationi_fw-la regum_fw-la deputata_fw-la vicinum_fw-la habet_fw-la collem_fw-la cvi_fw-la coronatus_n jam_fw-la insistebat_fw-la jura_fw-la populo_fw-la daturus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la conspiciendum_fw-la se_fw-la praebiturus_fw-la 5._o praebiturus_fw-la idem_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 5._o i._n e._n that_o the_o area_n encompass_v with_o stone_n design_v for_o the_o coronation_n of_o their_o king_n have_v a_o hill_n near_o it_o whence_o the_o new_a crown_a king_n give_v law_n and_o show_v himself_o to_o the_o people_n it_o seem_v indifferent_a from_o hence_o and_o another_o such_o like_a hillock_n call_v trollebarolhoy_n whereon_o the_o king_n also_o stand_v at_o the_o place_n of_o such_o election_n near_o lundie_n in_o scania_n 12._o scania_n idem_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 12._o whether_o he_o ascend_v a_o stone_n or_o mount_v of_o earth_n within_o or_o without_o the_o area_n so_o he_o thence_o may_v be_v see_v and_o hear_v by_o the_o people_n 100_o and_o to_o the_o second_o objection_n it_o may_v be_v reasonable_o answer_v that_o the_o dane_n by_o this_o time_n have_v get_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o such_o capital_a city_n as_o london_n and_o oxford_n be_v may_v well_o change_v the_o place_n of_o their_o coronation_n beside_o canutus_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v much_o great_a person_n and_o more_o civilise_a than_o rollo_n and_o his_o crew_n can_v be_v presume_v to_o have_v be_v for_o beside_o that_o he_o live_v above_o a_o hundred_o year_n before_o they_o we_o find_v he_o though_o the_o son_n of_o a_o norwegian_a jorli_n or_o earl_n a_o great_a pirate_n at_o sea_n norwegicum_n sea_n vid._n chronicon_fw-la norwegicum_n and_o little_o better_a than_o a_o robber_n by_o land_n well_o may_v he_o therefore_o be_v content_v with_o this_o inauguration_n after_o the_o old_a barbarous_a fashion_n have_v gain_v no_o city_n wherein_o it_o may_v be_v do_v with_o great_a solemnity_n 101._o but_o as_o for_o the_o stone_n near_o the_o barrow_n at_o stanton-harcourt_a call_v the_o devil_n coit_n i_o shall_v take_v they_o to_o be_v appendix_n to_o that_o sepulchral_v monument_n but_o that_o they_o seem_v a_o little_a too_o far_o remove_v from_o it_o perhaps_o therefore_o the_o barrow_n may_v be_v cast_v up_o for_o some_o saxon_a and_o the_o stone_n for_o some_o britan_n slay_v hereabout_o aut_fw-la vice_fw-la versa_fw-la at_o what_o time_n the_o town_n of_o eignetham_n about_o a_o mile_n off_o as_o camden_n inform_v we_o be_v take_v from_o the_o britan_n by_o cuthwolf_n the_o saxon_a oxfordsh_fw-mi saxon_a vid._n camd._n britan._n in_o oxfordsh_fw-mi which_o be_v all_o i_o can_v find_v worthy_a notice_n concern_v they_o but_o that_o they_o be_v about_o eight_o foot_n high_a and_o near_o the_o base_a seven_o broad_a and_o that_o they_o seem_v not_o natural_a but_o make_v by_o art_n of_o a_o small_a kind_n of_o stone_n cement_v together_o whereof_o there_o be_v great_a number_n in_o the_o field_n hereabout_o which_o make_v thus_o much_o for_o the_o conjecture_n concern_v those_o at_o stone-heng_a that_o they_o may_v be_v artificial_a it_o be_v plain_a from_o these_o that_o they_o can_v and_o do_v do_v such_o thing_n in_o the_o ancient_a time_n 102._o there_o stand_v also_o a_o stone_n about_o half_a a_o mile_n south-west_n of_o enston_n church_n on_o a_o bank_n by_o the_o way-side_n between_o neat-enston_a and_o fulwell_n somewhat_o flat_a and_o taper_v upward_o from_o a_o broad_a bottom_n with_o other_o small_a one_o lie_v by_o it_o and_o another_o near_o the_o road_n betwixt_o burford_n and_o chippingnorton_a which_o i_o guess_v may_v be_v erect_v for_o the_o same_o purpose_n with_o the_o two_o former_a as_o abovementioned_a unless_o we_o shall_v rather_o think_v both_o these_o and_o they_o to_o have_v be_v some_o of_o the_o god_n of_o the_o ancient_a britan_n as_o the_o reverend_n and_o learned_a dr._n stillingfleet_n think_v it_o not_o improbable_a those_o pyramidal_a stone_n mention_v by_o camden_n in_o yorkshire_n call_v the_o devil_n bolt_n ebor._n bolt_n idem_fw-la in_o com._n ebor._n sometime_o be_v and_o so_o likewise_o stone-heng_a in_o wiltshire_n which_o he_o judge_n neither_o to_o be_v a_o roman_a temple_n nor_o danish_a monument_n but_o rather_o somewhat_o belong_v to_o the_o idol_n markolis_n which_o buxtorf_n say_v the_o rabbin_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d domum_fw-la kolis_n markolis_fw-la kolis_n joh._n buxtorfii_fw-la lex_fw-la talmud_n in_o v._o markolis_fw-la of_o which_o more_o hereafter_o when_o i_o come_v into_o that_o county_n and_o into_o kent_n where_o of_o kits-coty-house_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v a_o antiquity_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n 103._o that_o the_o britan_n long_a before_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o greek_n have_v sufficient_o i_o guess_v be_v make_v appear_v already_o §_o 66._o of_o this_o chapter_n and_o that_o long_a before_o that_o they_o be_v know_v to_o the_o phaenician_o and_o all_o the_o eastern_a country_n be_v plain_a out_o of_o strabo_n 1620._o strabo_n strabonis_n geographiae_fw-la lib._n 3._o pag._n 175._o edit_fw-la be_v casaub_n paris_n an._n 1620._o and_o bochartus_fw-la 39_o bochartus_fw-la sam._n bocharti_fw-la geog._n sacr._n part_n 2._o lib._n 1._o cap._n 39_o and_o by_o comparison_n of_o the_o learning_n and_o religion_n of_o the_o druid_n with_o those_o of_o the_o indian_a brahmin_n now_o that_o it_o be_v the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o all_o the_o greek_n to_o set_v up_o unpolished_a stone_n instead_o of_o image_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o their_o god_n we_o have_v the_o testimony_n of_o pausanias_n in_o these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d sylburg_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d pag._n 228._o edit_fw-la sylburg_n i_o e._n that_o unhewn_a stone_n among_o all_o the_o grecian_n have_v the_o honour_n of_o god_n instead_o of_o image_n more_o particular_o the_o same_o author_n assert_n that_o near_o the_o statue_n of_o mercury_n there_o be_v 30_o
cause_v he_o to_o be_v behead_v in_o a_o place_n call_v blaklaw_n in_o their_o own_o presence_n ibidem_fw-la presence_n ibidem_fw-la 136._o second_o the_o castle_n of_o ardley_n the_o foundation_n whereof_o be_v yet_o to_o be_v see_v in_o a_o little_a wood_n west_n of_o the_o town_n which_o if_o any_o heed_n may_v be_v give_v to_o the_o tradition_n of_o the_o place_n flourish_v about_o the_o time_n of_o king_n stephen_n and_o so_o perhaps_o three_o may_v chippingnorton_a castle_n free_a leave_n be_v give_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n to_o all_o his_o subject_n to_o build_v they_o castle_n to_o defend_v he_o and_o they_o against_o maud_n the_o empress_n which_o at_o last_o find_v use_v sometime_o against_o himself_o he_o cause_v no_o less_o than_o eleven_o hundred_o of_o these_o new_a build_v castle_n to_o be_v raze_v again_o which_o no_o doubt_n be_v the_o cause_n we_o find_v no_o more_o of_o they_o but_o their_o bare_a foundation_n and_o trench_n 137._o but_o fourthly_a the_o castle_n of_o middleton_n now_o middleton-stony_a be_v none_o of_o these_o for_o i_o find_v richard_n de_fw-fr camvil_n have_v livery_n give_v he_o of_o middleton_n castle_n in_o oxford-shire_n which_o must_v needs_o be_v this_o the_o ten_o of_o king_n john_n as_o part_v of_o his_o own_o inheritance_n by_o descent_n from_o his_o father_n camvil_n father_n see_v mr._n dugdale_n baronage_n of_o england_n vol._n 1._o bar._n camvil_n and_o five_o as_o for_o the_o ruin_n of_o old_a fortification_n at_o craumersh_n or_o croamish_a giffard_n near_o wallengford_n i_o take_v they_o either_o for_o the_o foundation_n of_o that_o wooden_a tower_n erect_v by_o king_n stephen_n in_o the_o year_n 1139._o when_o he_o besiege_v maud_n the_o empress_n and_o her_o brother_n robert_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n in_o wallengford_n castle_n citato_fw-la castle_n chronica_fw-la gervasii_fw-la dorobornensis_n &_o floren._n wigorn._n in_o an._n citato_fw-la or_o else_o of_o the_o castle_n of_o craumerse_n or_o croamish_v itself_o build_v by_o the_o same_o king_n stephen_n at_o another_o siege_n of_o wallengford_n an._n 1153._o which_o henry_n fitz-empress_n endeavour_v to_o raise_v and_o bring_v king_n stephen_n to_o great_a strait_n they_o come_v at_o last_o to_o a_o accord_n concern_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n citat_fw-la england_n chron._n geru._n doroborn_n in_o an._n citat_fw-la 138._o there_o be_v some_o other_o antiquity_n of_o yet_o late_a date_n that_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o oxford-shire_n also_o perhaps_o worthy_a notice_n such_o as_o that_o odd_a beard_a dart_n tab._n 16._o fig._n 7._o have_v the_o beard_n issue_v from_o it_o not_o as_o usual_o one_o against_o another_o but_o one_o low_o and_o the_o other_o high_a perhaps_o thus_o contrive_v for_o its_o easy_a passage_n in_o and_o as_o great_a or_o great_a difficulty_n to_o get_v it_o out_o of_o a_o body_n which_o be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o too_o long_a distance_n of_o time_n i_o shall_v be_v willing_a to_o take_v for_o the_o materis_n mataris_fw-la or_o matara_fw-la the_o british_a long_a dart_n which_o be_v usual_o throw_v by_o those_o that_o fight_v in_o essedis_fw-la 4._o essedis_fw-la jul._n caesar_n comment_fw-fr de_fw-fr bello_fw-la gallico_n lib._n 4._o but_o the_o stem_n of_o it_o be_v wood_n and_o not_o very_o hard_a neither_o i_o can_v afford_v it_o to_o be_v above_o 200_o year_n stand_v or_o thereabouts_o nor_o can_v i_o add_v more_o concern_v it_o but_o that_o it_o be_v find_v somewhere_o about_o steeple_n barton_n and_o give_v i_o by_o the_o worshipful_a edward_n sheldon_n esq_n tab_n xvi_o ad_fw-la pag._n 356_o to_o the_o right_a worsp_n will_v sr._n thomas_n spencer_n baron_n one_o of_o the_o noble_a encourager_n of_o this_o essay_n this_o 16.th_z table_n of_o some_o of_o the_o antjqujtjes_n of_o oxfordshjre_n cohere_v of_o the_o last_o be_v aug_n out_o of_o hjs_fw-la 〈◊〉_d ground_n in_o memory_n of_o his_o kindness_n be_v thankful_o dedicate_v by_o r._n p.l.l.d_n m_o burgher_n sclupsit_fw-la 140._o as_o for_o the_o stone_n itself_o it_o be_v of_o a_o odd_a kind_n of_o texture_n and_o colour_n too_o not_o unlike_a to_o sight_n to_o some_o sort_n of_o cheese_n exact_o of_o the_o figure_n and_o bigness_n as_o engrave_v in_o the_o table_n and_o most_o likely_a of_o any_o thing_n to_o have_v be_v one_o of_o their_o togrâ_n or_o stamp_n wherein_o the_o chief_a person_n of_o the_o eastern_a country_n usual_o have_v their_o name_n cut_v in_o a_o large_a sort_n of_o character_n to_o put_v they_o to_o any_o instrument_n at_o once_o without_o further_a trouble_n that_o they_o have_v such_o kind_n of_o stamp_n be_v clear_o testify_v by_o alvares_n semedo_n in_o his_o history_n of_o china_n they_o print_v say_v he_o likewise_o with_o table_n of_o stone_n but_o this_o manner_n of_o printing_n serve_v only_o for_o epitaph_n tree_n mountain_n etc._n etc._n of_o which_o kind_n they_o have_v very_o many_o print_n the_o stone_n which_o serve_v for_o this_o use_n be_v also_o of_o a_o proper_a and_o peculiar_a sort_n finem_fw-la sort_n f._n alvares_n semedo_n hist_o chin._n part_n 1._o cap._n 6._o sub_fw-la finem_fw-la as_o we_o seem_v to_o be_v so_o that_o in_o all_o probability_n the_o letter_n on_o this_o stone_n contain_v only_o the_o name_n and_o perhaps_o the_o office_n or_o other_o title_n of_o some_o person_n of_o quality_n and_o therefore_o hard_a to_o be_v find_v out_o and_o that_o it_o be_v bring_v hither_o by_o some_o traveller_n of_o the_o honourable_a family_n of_o the_o spencer_n and_o either_o casual_o lose_v or_o careless_o throw_v out_o as_o a_o thing_n of_o no_o value_n 141._o and_o thus_o with_o no_o small_a toil_n and_o charge_n yet_o not_o without_o the_o assistance_n of_o many_o honourable_a person_n who_o name_n in_o due_a time_n shall_v be_v all_o grateful_o mention_v i_o have_v make_v shift_n to_o finish_v this_o specimen_fw-la of_o oxford-shire_n which_o i_o be_o so_o far_o from_o take_v for_o a_o perfect_a history_n that_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o time_n and_o severe_a observation_n to_o which_o i_o hope_v this_o essay_n will_v both_o encourage_v and_o direct_v may_v produce_v a_o appendix_n as_o large_a as_o this_o book_n for_o that_o new_a matter_n will_v daily_o present_v itself_o to_o be_v add_v to_o some_o one_o or_o other_o of_o these_o chapter_n i_o be_o so_o sensible_o convince_v that_o even_o since_o the_o print_n the_o first_o chapter_n of_o this_o treatise_n i_o have_v find_v here_o at_o home_o just_o such_o another_o echo_n as_o at_o mr._n pawlings_n at_o heddington_n in_o the_o portico_n of_o the_o new_a quadrangle_n at_o st._n john_n baptist_n college_n and_o since_o my_o writing_n the_o second_o my_o worthy_a friend_n dr._n tho._n taylor_n have_v find_v so_o strong_a a_o chalybeat_a spring_n in_o fulling-mill-ham-stream_n near_o oseney_n bridge_n that_o notwithstanding_o last_v hard_a winter_n when_o the_o great_a river_n be_v freeze_v this_o continue_a open_a and_o smoke_a all_o the_o time_n ting_v all_o the_o stone_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o not_o run_v nor_o mix_v with_o other_o water_n with_o a_o deep_a rusty_a colour_n and_o three_o since_o the_o print_n the_o 48_o §_o of_o chap._n 8._o i_o have_v see_v a_o lapis_fw-la ranulae_fw-la take_v out_o from_o under_o the_o tongue_n of_o one_o johnson_n a_o shoemaker_n by_o the_o skilful_a mr._n pointer_n chirurgeon_n here_o in_o oxford_n 142._o which_o be_v all_o i_o have_v at_o present_a to_o offer_v the_o reader_n but_o that_o he_o will_v take_v notice_n 1._o that_o in_o chap._n 2._o §_o 69._o where_o i_o mention_v a_o well_o so_o eminent_a heretofore_o for_o cure_v distemper_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o st._n cross_n that_o it_o have_v give_v it_o the_o more_o last_a name_n of_o holy-well_a that_o i_o intend_v not_o that_o well_o of_o late_a erection_n though_o perhaps_o the_o water_n of_o that_o be_v as_o good_a and_o now_o most_o use_v but_o a_o other_o ancient_a holy-well_a behind_o the_o church_n in_o mr._n nevil_n court_n before_o his_o house_n and_o that_o second_o notwithstanding_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o learned_a dr._n hammond_n with_o who_o a_o man_n need_v not_o much_o be_v ashamed_a to_o err_v some_o will_v have_v that_o he_o call_v the_o well_o of_o st._n edward_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o st._n clement_n rather_o the_o well_o of_o st._n edmund_n for_o which_o i_o find_v the_o very_a same_o authority_n allege_v that_o dr._n hammond_n bring_v 1._o bring_v vid._n hist_o &_o antiq._n univers_n oxon._n lib._n 2._o pag._n 10._o col_fw-fr 1._o and_o last_o to_o beg_v of_o he_o that_o though_o in_o general_n he_o find_v i_o unequal_a to_o my_o design_n and_o many_o particular_n of_o this_o essay_n perhaps_o ill_o place_v and_o worse_o express_v that_o yet_o in_o consideration_n that_o this_o be_v my_o first_o attempt_n wherein_o many_o inconvenience_n can_v not_o be_v fore-seen_a which_o may_v hereafter_o
and_o town_n incorporate_v in_o the_o county_n which_o i_o have_v place_v in_o the_o upper_a margin_n of_o the_o map_n but_o on_o the_o side_n and_o bottom_n those_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n be_v industrious_o range_v in_o alphabetical_a order_n to_o avoid_v the_o difficulty_n that_o may_v otherwise_o have_v rise_v about_o precedency_n which_o beside_o the_o use_n above_o mention_v of_o discover_v the_o owner_n of_o the_o house_n and_o that_o they_o be_v a_o ornament_n to_o the_o map_n i_o hope_v may_v also_o have_v these_o other_o good_a effect_n 1._o that_o the_o gentry_n hereby_o will_v be_v somewhat_o influence_v to_o keep_v their_o seat_n together_o with_o their_o arm_n lest_o their_o posterity_n hereafter_o not_o without_o reflection_n see_v what_o their_o ancestor_n have_v part_v with_o and_o second_o vagabond_n deter_v from_o make_v counterfeit_a pass_n by_o put_v false_a name_n and_o seal_n to_o they_o both_o which_o may_v be_v discover_v by_o such_o map_n as_o these_o to_o these_o add_v the_o ancient_a house_n of_o king_n the_o principal_a seat_n of_o ancient_a barony_n ancient_a way_n fortification_n and_o the_o cite_v of_o religious_a house_n all_o distinguish_v as_o describe_v by_o their_o respective_a mark_n in_o the_o table_n for_o that_o purpose_n all_o which_o put_v together_o make_v the_o sum_n of_o the_o map_n as_o i_o intend_v they_o shall_v in_o all_o other_o hereafter_o so_o that_o those_o memento_n need_n no_o more_o be_v repeat_v since_o they_o be_v design_v to_o be_v apply_v to_o all_o follow_a map_n as_o well_o as_o this_o yet_o this_o map_n though_o it_o contain_v near_o five_o time_n as_o much_o as_o any_o other_o of_o the_o county_n before_o partly_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o be_v the_o first_o i_o ever_o make_v and_o partly_o because_o either_o of_o the_o pure_a ignorance_n or_o absence_n of_o some_o and_o over_o curious_a pievishness_n that_o i_o meet_v with_o among_o other_o be_v not_o so_o perfect_a i_o confess_v as_o 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in_o this_o whole_a essay_n have_v there_o not_o some_o eminent_a celestial_a observation_n be_v make_v in_o this_o county_n especial_o since_o that_o stupendous_a mathematical_a instrument_n now_o call_v the_o telescope_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v know_v here_o above_o 300_o year_n ago_o but_o these_o be_v chief_o matter_n of_o art_n relate_v either_o to_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o magnitude_n figure_n or_o determination_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heavenly_a body_n must_v be_v refer_v as_o most_o proper_a to_o the_o end_n of_o this_o work_n it_o be_v my_o purpose_n in_o this_o history_n of_o nature_n to_o observe_v the_o most_o natural_a method_n that_o may_v be_v 2._o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v consider_v first_o natural_a thing_n such_o as_o either_o she_o have_v retain_v the_o same_o from_o the_o beginning_n or_o free_o produce_v in_o her_o ordinary_a course_n
melt_v in_o the_o crucible_n by_o over_o volatilize_v it_o which_o the_o mine-man_n therefore_o term_v the_o robber_n may_v otherwise_o be_v procure_v with_o advantage_n to_o the_o owner_n 12._o at_o aston_n rowant_n nettlebed_n and_o henly_n and_o indeed_o all_o along_o the_o chiltern_n country_n they_o have_v another_o sort_n of_o marchasite_n within_o side_n of_o a_o golden_a and_o without_o of_o a_o darkish_a rusty_a colour_n and_o therefore_o at_o some_o of_o the_o aforementioned_a place_v call_v common_o crow-iron_n this_o sort_n if_o break_v and_o lay_v in_o the_o air_n or_o any_o other_o moist_a place_n dissolve_v into_o a_o salt_n that_o taste_v like_o ink_n and_o be_v no_o question_n the_o pyrite_n of_o kentmannus_fw-la scentibus_fw-la kentmannus_fw-la tit._n 2._o cap._n de_fw-fr succis_fw-la efflore_fw-la scentibus_fw-la which_o for_o that_o reason_n he_o term_v atramenti_fw-la parens_fw-la and_o such_o a_o one_o be_v the_o pyrite_n find_v at_o north-leigh_n bring_v i_o 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shall_v suffice_v therefore_o to_o enumerate_v the_o several_a kind_n of_o each_o and_o chief_o to_o insist_v upon_o such_o as_o have_v use_n 15._o all_o along_o the_o chiltern_n country_n of_o oxford-shire_n flint_n be_v as_o plentiful_a as_o any_o where_o else_o among_o they_o the_o black_a one_o well_o polish_a will_v supply_v the_o place_n of_o the_o lydian_a stone_n and_o at_o henly_n they_o use_v they_o in_o make_v of_o glass_n of_o which_o more_o anon_o in_o the_o chapter_n of_o arts._n they_o be_v find_v beside_o of_o divers_a other_o colour_n and_o some_o of_o they_o so_o transparent_a that_o they_o seem_v not_o only_o to_o imitate_v but_o to_o be_v the_o very_a same_o with_o achat_n i_o have_v one_o find_v at_o dorchester_n about_o a_o inch_n and_o half_a square_n of_o a_o flesh_n colour_n and_o so_o transparent_a that_o it_o may_v well_o enough_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o sardachates_n such_o as_o this_o be_v also_o show_v i_o by_o the_o true_o ingenious_a the_o right_a 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in_o fancy_n the_o pibble_n i_o remember_v be_v about_o the_o breadth_n of_o one_o hand_n of_o a_o flat_a form_n and_o yet_o not_o much_o less_o than_o a_o inch_n in_o thickness_n so_o clear_a and_o pellucid_a that_o no_o crystal_n that_o ever_o i_o see_v yet_o excel_v it_o so_o that_o have_v not_o its_o master_n the_o cautious_a artist_n take_v care_n to_o leave_v on_o it_o part_v of_o its_o outward_a coat_n few_o will_v have_v believe_v it_o have_v ever_o be_v a_o pibble_n 17._o these_o pebble_n when_o transparent_a make_v a_o excellent_a ingredient_n for_o the_o glass-work_n and_o so_o do_v those_o which_o be_v white_a though_o not_o transparent_a call_v by_o some_o author_n by_o the_o name_n of_o quocoli_n and_o perhaps_o not_o much_o different_a in_o nature_n from_o the_o cuogolo_fw-la of_o ferrante_n imperato_n 16_o imperato_n dell_n '_o hist_n nat._n lib._n 24._o cap._n 16_o and_o such_o be_v the_o pebble_n gather_v at_o tesino_n 2._o tesino_n anton._n neri_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 2._o with_o which_o they_o make_v the_o pure_a glass_n at_o the_o moran_n 18._o there_o be_v about_o goreing_n and_o nuneham-courtney_n a_o sort_n of_o pebble_n of_o a_o blue-black_a colour_n that_o if_o polish_a may_v supply_v the_o place_n of_o touch._n and_o about_o fawler_n and_o stunsfield_n be_v a_o red_a kind_n very_o hard_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o a_o oval_a figure_n so_o excellent_a for_o pitch_v of_o street_n and_o stable_n and_o for_o painter_n mullar_n that_o none_o can_v be_v find_v more_o fit_a and_o durable_a 19_o after_o consideration_n of_o flint_n and_o pebble_n apart_o let_v we_o now_o take_v a_o view_n of_o they_o joint_o together_o for_o so_o i_o find_v they_o at_o caversham_n and_o greenvil_n and_o in_o the_o way_n from_o pushill_n to_o stonor-house_n in_o cluster_n together_o of_o divers_a colour_n and_o unite_v into_o one_o body_n by_o a_o petrified_a cement_n as_o hard_o as_o themselves_o and_o most_o of_o they_o i_o believe_v capable_a of_o 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say_v to_o promote_v their_o trial_n 21._o hither_o also_o must_v be_v reduce_v a_o courser_n sort_n of_o smiris_n dig_v up_o in_o the_o pit_n at_o whately_n town_n end_n of_o a_o cinereous_a colour_n hard_a and_o rough_a and_o strike_v fire_n as_o well_o as_o a_o flint_n the_o best_a sort_n of_o smiris_n serve_v for_o several_a use_n but_o we_o be_v fit_a only_a to_o cut_v the_o hard_a sort_n of_o stone_n that_o the_o sand_n common_o use_v will_v not_o so_o well_o do_v and_o perhaps_o for_o some_o other_o inferior_a use_n 22._o and_o to_o these_o must_v be_v add_v the_o several_a sort_n of_o sand_n which_o upon_o violent_a motion_n all_o strike_v fire_n and_o be_v common_o and_o sometime_o promiscuous_o use_v for_o building_n hour-glass_n and_o cut_v of_o stone_n but_o some_o there_o be_v of_o a_o more_o peculiar_a and_o considerable_a use_n and_o such_o be_v that_o dug_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o kingham_n which_o after_o it_o be_v wash_v and_o due_o order_v so_o perfect_o resemble_v calis-sand_n that_o it_o serve_v and_o be_v sell_v for_o the_o very_a same_o it_o be_v not_o find_v in_o every_o place_n but_o they_o have_v sign_n like_o miner_n to_o know_v where_o it_o lie_v viz._n a_o sort_n of_o stuff_n that_o look_v almost_o like_a rot_a wood_n which_o if_o they_o meet_v with_o under_o the_o turf_n they_o seldom_o fail_v of_o the_o sand_n a_o little_o deep_a which_o they_o first_o cleanse_v from_o rubbish_n and_o the_o great_a stone_n by_o put_v it_o through_o a_o course_n sieve_n than_o they_o wash_v it_o in_o a_o trough_n and_o lay_v it_o a_o dry_n which_o when_o sufficient_o do_v they_o separate_v again_o by_o a_o fine_a sieve_n the_o courser_n part_n of_o it_o from_o the_o fine_a the_o courser_n serve_v for_o whete_a of_o scythe_n but_o the_o fine_a sort_n for_o scour_a pewter_n for_o which_o purpose_n it_o seem_v it_o be_v so_o very_o excellent_a that_o the_o retailer_n sell_v it_o for_o a_o penny_n a_o pound_n which_o amount_v to_o above_o twenty_o 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we_o continual_o with_o a_o good_a sort_n of_o stone_n and_o fit_a for_o all_o use_n but_o that_o of_o fire_n in_o which_o that_o of_o teynton_n and_o hornton_n excel_v it_o in_o the_o quarry_n it_o cut_v very_o soft_a and_o easy_a and_o be_v work_v according_o for_o all_o sort_n of_o building_n very_o porous_a and_o fit_a to_o imbibe_n lime_n and_o sand_n but_o harden_v continual_o as_o it_o lie_v to_o the_o weather_n 25._o of_o it_o in_o general_a there_o be_v two_o sort_n one_o that_o they_o call_v freestone_n and_o the_o other_o rag-stone_n but_o these_o again_o be_v subdivide_v into_o several_a species_n according_a as_o they_o be_v cut_v or_o put_v to_o divers_a use_n the_o freestone_n if_o cut_v cubical_o into_o very_o great_a block_n be_v then_o by_o way_n of_o eminence_n call_v nothing_o but_o freestone_n but_o if_o cut_v into_o oblong_o or_o other_o sort_n of_o square_n of_o a_o lesser_a bulk_n they_o then_o call_v it_o ashler_n and_o the_o fragment_n of_o these_o of_o 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nor_o will_v it_o like_o that_o endure_v the_o fire_n of_o which_o they_o make_v mault-kills_a and_o hearth_n for_o oven_n but_o then_o they_o take_v care_n to_o surbed_a the_o stone_n i._n e._n set_v it_o edg-way_n contrary_a to_o the_o posture_n it_o have_v in_o the_o bed_n for_o otherwise_o there_o will_v be_v some_o danger_n of_o its_o fly_n 27._o beside_o the_o fire_n it_o endure_v the_o weather_n for_o of_o this_o mix_v with_o another_o sort_n dug_n near_o whately_n on_o the_o worcester_n ride_v side_n as_o it_o pass_v betwixt_o holton_n and_o sir_n timothy_n tyrrill_n be_v all_o the_o old_a college_n in_o oxford_n build_v as_o balliol_n merton_n exeter_n queen_n canterbury_n now_o part_n of_o ch._n ch._n college_n durham_n now_o trinity_n college_n new_a college_n lincoln_n all_o soul_n magdalen_n brasennose_n and_o the_o outermost_a quadrangle_n of_o st._n john_n bapt._n coll._n yet_o it_o endure_v not_o the_o weather_n so_o well_o as_o heddington_n by_o reason_n i_o suppose_v 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ordinary_o mesh_n in_o it_o three_o quarter_n of_o malt_n but_o can_v when_o at_o any_o time_n necessity_n require_v mesh_n five_o at_o a_o time_n the_o dimension_n of_o which_o vessel_n of_o one_o single_a stone_n take_v within_o the_o hollow_a and_o abate_v its_o thickness_n because_o of_o its_o vast_a unusual_a magnitude_n i_o think_v fit_a to_o note_v and_o give_v as_o follow_v long_o 2_o yard_n ⅛_n broad_a 1_o yard_n ⅛_n and_o ½_n a_o inch_n deep_o 1_o yard_n ½_n yet_o much_o large_a than_o this_o may_v be_v have_v from_o the_o quarry_n be_v there_o use_v for_o they_o or_o can_v portage_n be_v contrive_v for_o as_o i_o be_v inform_v by_o many_o credible_a witness_n there_o be_v one_o single_a stone_n dug_n in_o this_o quarry_n contain_v no_o less_o than_o three_o hundred_o tun_n and_o another_o in_o the_o year_n 1673._o measure_v by_o mr._n veysey_n of_o a_o hundred_o and_o three_o tun_n account_v sixteen_o foot_n cubic_n to_o the_o tun_n 29._o other_o quarry_n there_o be_v also_o of_o considerable_a use_n as_o bladen_n little_a milton_n barford_n and_o hornton_n whereof_o the_o last_o have_v the_o best_a firestone_n of_o any_o in_o the_o county_n some_o of_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v iron-coloured_a vein_n that_o receive_v as_o i_o have_v see_v a_o tolerable_a polish_v and_o be_v the_o stone_n i_o mention_v before_o who_o chipping_n lay_v on_o it_o improve_v their_o land_n by_o reason_n i_o suppose_v of_o the_o salt_n there_o be_v in_o it_o which_o may_v also_o be_v the_o cause_n it_o endure_v fire_n so_o well_o 30._o at_o cornbury_n park_n there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o stone_n the_o quarry_n whereof_o be_v now_o quite_o exhaust_v that_o never_o will_v sweat_v in_o the_o moiste_v weather_n of_o which_o the_o pavement_n of_o the_o hall_n in_o
find_v i_o in_o other_o author_n that_o it_o be_v ever_o after_o attempt_v one_o there_o be_v it_o be_v true_a send_v hither_o as_o a_o present_a by_o st._n lewis_n the_o 9_o king_n of_o france_n to_z king_n henry_n the_o three_o anno_fw-la 1255._o which_v say_v matthew_n paris_n 1255._o paris_n matth._n paris_n in_o reg._n hen._n 3._o in_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1255._o be_v the_o first_o see_v on_o this_o side_n the_o alps_o and_o perhaps_o there_o may_v have_v be_v two_o or_o three_o bring_v for_o show_v hither_o since_o but_o whether_o it_o be_v likely_a any_o of_o these_o shall_v be_v bury_v at_o cornwell_n let_v the_o reader_n judge_n 163._o beside_o have_v this_o thighbone_n and_o tooth_n and_o the_o several_a other_o that_o have_v be_v find_v in_o england_n such_o as_o the_o two_o tooth_n take_v up_o at_o edulfsness_n in_o the_o county_n of_o essex_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o that_o may_v have_v be_v cut_v into_o two_o hundred_o of_o a_o ordinary_a 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anno_fw-la 1666._o upon_o the_o pull_n down_o of_o st._n marry_o wool-church_n and_o make_v the_o site_n of_o it_o into_o a_o mercat-place_n there_o be_v find_v a_o thighbone_n suppose_v to_o be_v of_o a_o woman_n now_o to_o be_v see_v at_o the_o kings-head_n tavern_n at_o greenwich_n in_o kent_n much_o big_a and_o long_o than_o we_o of_o stone_n can_v in_o proportion_n be_v have_v it_o be_v entire_a we_o have_v also_o here_o at_o oxford_n school_n oxford_n in_o the_o medicine_n school_n a_o thighbone_n that_o come_v from_o london_n three_o foot_n and_o two_o inch_n long_o which_o i_o guess_v may_v be_v of_o a_o agreeable_a proportion_n with_o we_o and_o the_o same_o day_n i_o bring_v the_o tooth_n from_o cornwell_n there_o be_v two_o other_o happy_o procure_v for_o i_o by_o my_o worthy_a friend_n samuel_n fowler_n a._n m._n dig_v up_o in_o the_o parish_n church_n of_o morton_n valence_n about_o seven_o mile_n from_o gloucester_n in_o the_o way_n thence_o to_o bristol_n in_o all_o point_n so_o exact_o like_o the_o other_o from_o cornwell_n in_o ridge_n cavity_n etc._n etc._n that_o have_v they_o not_o differ_v somewhat_o in_o colour_n they_o can_v scarce_o have_v any_o way_n be_v distinguish_v now_o how_o elephant_n shall_v come_v to_o be_v bury_v in_o church_n be_v a_o question_n not_o easy_o answer_v except_o we_o will_v run_v to_o so_o groundless_a a_o shift_n as_o to_o say_v that_o possible_o the_o elephant_n may_v be_v there_o bury_v before_o christianity_n flourish_v in_o britan_n and_o that_o these_o church_n be_v afterward_o casual_o build_v over_o they_o 165._o if_o it_o be_v urge_v out_o of_o ponticus_n virunnius_n and_o some_o other_o that_o the_o emperor_n claudius_n be_v at_o gloucester_n and_o that_o he_o build_v that_o city_n after_o his_o own_o name_n in_o memory_n of_o the_o marriage_n of_o his_o fair_a daughter_n gennissa_n with_o arviragus_n then_o king_n of_o britan_n 4._o britan_n pont._n virunnii_fw-la hist._n britan._n lib._n 4._o where_o possible_o he_o may_v have_v some_o of_o his_o elephant_n with_o he_o which_o may_v die_v and_o be_v bury_v thereabouts_o it_o must_v be_v answer_v that_o notwithstanding_o the_o name_n of_o claudii_n castrum_n now_o gloucester_n seem_v so_o much_o to_o favour_v the_o story_n in_o hand_n that_o yet_o in_o all_o likelihood_n there_o be_v never_o any_o such_o matter_n for_o neither_o suetonius_n claudii_n suetonius_n sueton._n in_o vita_fw-la claudii_n who_o number_n up_o all_o the_o daughter_n that_o he_o have_v and_o show_v how_o give_v in_o marriage_n nor_o dion_n 60._o dion_n dion_n cass_n rom._n hist_o lib._n 60._o who_o do_v the_o same_o who_o live_v in_o his_o time_n and_o have_v bear_v the_o office_n of_o consul_n remember_v any_o such_o daughter_n or_o so_o dispose_v of_o to_o arviragus_n 166._o beside_o how_o be_v it_o possible_a that_o claudius_n who_o come_v hither_o and_o be_v return_v again_o to_o rome_n within_o six_o month_n shall_v find_v so_o much_o time_n as_o to_o come_v up_o so_o far_o in_o the_o country_n as_o gloucester_n much_o less_o to_o celebrate_v such_o a_o marriage_n and_o build_v that_o city_n since_o the_o same_o dion_n express_o say_v that_o of_o those_o six_o month_n time_n he_o be_v here_o in_o britan_n but_o sixteen_o day_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v his_o own_o word_n citato_fw-la word_n idem_fw-la loco_fw-la citato_fw-la and_o those_o sixteen_o day_n in_o all_o probability_n be_v spend_v in_o order_v his_o army_n and_o join_v they_o with_o the_o force_n of_o plautius_n that_o lie_v then_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o thames_n ready_a to_o receive_v he_o and_o in_o take_v of_o camulodonum_fw-la which_o the_o same_o author_n assert_n he_o do_v that_o expedition_n and_o so_o immediate_o return_v 167._o but_o what_o be_v instar_fw-la omnium_fw-la in_o this_o difficult_a point_n there_o happy_o come_v to_o oxford_n while_o i_o be_v write_v of_o this_o a_o live_a elephant_n to_o be_v show_v public_o at_o the_o act_n an._n 1676._o with_o who_o bone_n and_o tooth_n i_o compare_v we_o and_o find_v those_o of_o the_o elephant_n not_o only_o of_o a_o different_a shape_n but_o also_o incomparable_o big_a than_o we_o though_o the_o beast_n be_v very_o young_a and_o not_o half_o grow_v if_o then_o they_o be_v neither_o the_o bone_n of_o horse_n ox_n nor_o elephant_n as_o i_o be_o strong_o persuade_v they_o be_v not_o upon_o comparison_n and_o from_o their_o like_a find_v in_o church_n it_o remain_v that_o notwithstanding_o their_o extravagant_a magnitude_n they_o must_v have_v be_v the_o bone_n of_o man_n or_o woman_n nor_o do_v any_o thing_n hinder_v but_o they_o may_v have_v be_v so_o provide_v it_o be_v clear_o make_v out_o that_o there_o have_v be_v man_n and_o woman_n of_o proportionable_a stature_n in_o all_o age_n of_o the_o world_n down_o even_o to_o our_o own_o day_n p68_n the_o son_n of_o anak_n no_o question_n be_v very_o great_a man_n and_o goliath_n for_o certain_a be_v nine_o foot_n nine_o inch_n high_a 4._o high_a 1_o sam._n c._n 17._o v._n 4._o we_o read_v also_o of_o the_o son_n of_o the_o titan_n and_o of_o high_a giant_n 7._o giant_n judith_n 16._o v._o 7._o and_o of_o giant_n famous_a from_o the_o begin_n that_o be_v of_o great_a stature_n and_o expert_a in_o war_n 26._o war_n baruch_n 3._o v._o 26._o and_o to_o omit_v the_o fable_n of_o the_o giant_n of_o mount_n erice_n near_o drepanum_n in_o sicily_n 200_o cubit_n high_a of_o tanger_n in_o mauritania_n 60_o cubit_n 4._o cubit_n vid._n athan._n kircheri_fw-la mundum_fw-la subterr_v lib._n 8_o sect_n 2._o cap._n 4._o and_o of_o the_o giant_n find_v stand_v in_o a_o rock_n cleave_v by_o a_o earthquake_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o candy_n 46_o cubit_n suppose_v to_o be_v orion_n or_o otus_n 16._o otus_n plin._n nat._n hist._n lib._n 7._o cap._n 16._o and_o several_a other_o mention_v by_o phlegon_n 19_o phlegon_n phlegon_n trallianus_n de_fw-fr rebus_fw-la mirabilibus_fw-la cap._n 11_o 12_o 17_o 18_o 19_o among_o the_o roman_n theutobochus_n king_n of_o the_o teutones_n or_o german_n vanquish_v by_o marius_n be_v report_v by_o florus_n to_o be_v insigne_fw-la 〈…〉_o phispectaculum_fw-la so_o very_o tall_a that_o he_o be_v see_v above_o all_o the_o trophy_n 3._o trophy_n fl●ri_n hist._n rom._n lib_n 3_o cap._n 3._o which_o be_v the_o spoil_n of_o the_o enemy_n usual_o carry_v aloft_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o spear_n naevius_n pollio_n say_v pliny_n 16._o pliny_n nat_n hist_o lib._n 7._o cap._n 16._o be_v so_o great_a a_o giant_n have_v no_o account_n of_o his_o dimension_n that_o it_o be_v take_v for_o a_o wonderful_a strange_a thing_n that_o when_o a_o great_a press_n of_o people_n come_v run_v upon_o he_o he_o have_v like_a to_o have_v be_v kill_v 169._o but_o to_o come_v close_o to_o the_o business_n and_o more_o determinate_a stature_n
the_o calendar_n which_o he_o oppose_v to_o the_o new_a but_o confuse_a absurd_a and_o false_a pontifical_a gregorian_a year_n contrive_v by_o the_o sumptuous_a college_n of_o mathematician_n at_o rome_n and_o defend_v it_o against_o the_o obtractation_n of_o joseph_n scaliger_n titulo_fw-la scaliger_n vid._n lydiati_n solis_n &_o lunae_fw-la periodum_fw-la in_fw-la titulo_fw-la a_o man_n it_o be_v true_a of_o great_a learning_n but_o withal_o so_o confident_a and_o imperious_a so_o abusive_a and_o assume_v that_o whenever_o he_o want_v argument_n for_o the_o support_n of_o his_o cause_n he_o always_o seek_v revenge_n upon_o the_o person_n of_o his_o adversary_n 20._o which_o be_v manifest_o the_o case_n of_o modest_a lydiat_a who_o in_o a_o epistle_n to_o richard_n thomson_n his_o correspondent_a in_o england_n he_o call_v the_o great_a monster_n that_o ever_o england_n produce_v 240._o produce_v jos_n scaligeri_fw-la epistolar_n lib._n 3._o epist_n 240._o and_o in_o another_o to_o the_o same_o thomson_n the_o very_a fool_n in_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o that_o it_o be_v below_o his_o dignity_n nor_o have_v he_o leisure_n to_o write_v against_o such_o a_o beetle_n 241._o beetle_n jos_n scaliger_n epistol_n lib._n 3._o epist._n 241._o but_o herein_o as_o the_o reverend_n dr._n heylin_n very_o well_o note_n in_o another_o case_n we_o must_v pardon_v joseph_n for_o have_v not_o scorn_n and_o contempt_n be_v part_n of_o his_o essence_n he_o have_v neither_o be_v a_o scaliger_n nor_o the_o son_n of_o julius_n finem_fw-la julius_n cosmograph_n in_o cald._n assyr_n &_o mesopot_n sub_fw-la finem_fw-la who_o scruple_v not_o to_o pass_v this_o rash_a censure_n on_o the_o whole_a english_a nation_n that_o we_o be_v perfidi_fw-la inflati_fw-la feri_fw-la contemptores_fw-la stolidi_fw-la amente_n inertes_fw-la inhospitales_fw-la immanes_n 16._o immanes_n jul._n caesar_n scal._n poetice_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 16._o in_o which_o very_a act_n yet_o i_o think_v he_o prove_v 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but_o while_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o his_o glorious_a attempt_n behold_v he_o shake_v by_o meek_a and_o modest_a lydiat_a the_o happy_a inventor_n of_o a_o more_o accurate_a period_n whereby_o he_o so_o disturb_v and_o confound_v all_o his_o supputation_n that_o if_o we_o may_v believe_v the_o most_o learned_a of_o the_o age_n he_o lay_v his_o angry_a rival_n flat_a upon_o his_o back_n 22._o and_o so_o much_o concern_v the_o lydiatean_a period_n of_o which_o because_o so_o much_o already_o in_o print_n i_o shall_v not_o add_v more_o only_o in_o what_o year_n of_o as_o many_o of_o they_o as_o have_v already_o be_v which_o possible_o may_v not_o be_v unacceptable_a to_o the_o reader_n the_o most_o considerable_a aera_n of_o the_o world_n have_v happen_v  _fw-fr year_n of_o the_o world_n year_n of_o the_o lydiatean_a period_n the_o flood_n 1657._o 473._o 3_o birth_n of_o isaac_n 2109._o 333._o 4_o exodus_fw-la 2509._o 141._o 5_o the_o temple_n 2988._o 28._o 6_o empire_n of_o nebuchadn_n 3401._o 441._o 6_o empire_n of_o cyrus_n 3471._o 511._o 6_o empire_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a 3675._o 123._o 7_o empire_n of_o jul._n caesar_n 3956._o 404._o 7_o baptism_n of_o christ_n 4033._o 481._o 7_o the_o dionysian_a year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1620._o 5624._o 296._o 10_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1676._o 5680._o 352._o 10_o 23._o if_o i_o descend_v yet_o low_o to_o person_n now_o live_v we_o shall_v daily_o find_v astronomy_n receive_v new_a advancement_n particular_o from_o the_o right_n reverend_a father_n in_o god_n seth_n lord_n bishop_n of_o sarum_n one_o of_o the_o most_o cordial_a promoter_n of_o this_o undertake_n who_o rather_o embrace_v the_o opinion_n of_o diogenes_n apollonius_n myndius_n of_o the_o chaldee_n and_o at_o length_n of_o seneca_n that_o comet_n be_v perpetual_a star_n and_o carry_v about_o in_o a_o continue_a motion_n than_o of_o kepler_n who_o think_v they_o still_o produce_v de_fw-la novo_fw-la quick_o perish_v again_o or_o of_o gassendus_fw-la who_o hold_v indeed_o they_o may_v be_v corpora_fw-la aeterna_fw-la but_o yet_o that_o they_o always_o move_v in_o straight_a line_n he_o first_o propose_v this_o new_a theory_n of_o they_o viz._n that_o it_o be_v much_o more_o probable_a they_o may_v rather_o be_v carry_v round_o in_o circle_n or_o ellipse_n either_o include_v or_o exclude_v the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o great_a that_o the_o comet_n be_v never_o visible_a to_o we_o but_o when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o perige_n of_o those_o circle_n or_o ellipse_n and_o ever_o after_o invisible_a till_o they_o have_v absolve_v their_o period_n in_o those_o vast_a orb_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o stand_n in_o a_o oblique_a or_o perpendicular_a posture_n to_o the_o eye_n he_o demonstrate_v might_n well_o seem_v to_o carry_v they_o in_o straight_a line_n all_o circle_n or_o ellipse_n so_o posit_v project_v themselves_o natural_o into_o such_o line_n which_o theory_n be_v first_o propose_v in_o a_o lecture_n here_o at_o oxford_n and_o afterward_o set_v forth_o in_o the_o year_n 1653._o the_o right_a reverend_a father_n in_o god_n seth_n lord_n bishop_n of_o sarum_n and_o my_o very_a good_a lord_n be_v then_o professor_n of_o astronomy_n in_o this_o university_n 24._o in_o the_o same_o year_n the_o same_o right_a reverend_n and_o most_o accomplish_a bishop_n first_o geometrical_o demonstrate_v the_o copernico-elliptical_a hypothesis_n to_o be_v the_o most_o genuine_a simple_a and_o uniform_a the_o most_o easy_a and_o intelligible_a answer_v all_o phaenomena_n without_o complication_n of_o motion_n by_o excentric_n epicycle_n or_o epicyc-epicycle_n that_o the_o excentricity_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o their_o apoge_n according_a to_o the_o ptolomaic_a hypothesis_n and_o the_o aphelion_n according_a to_o the_o copernican_n may_v all_o be_v solve_v by_o a_o simple_a elliptical_a line_n be_v first_o indeed_o note_v by_o kepler_n but_o how_o their_o proper_a and_o primary_n inequality_n or_o anomaliae_fw-la coaequatae_n shall_v thence_o be_v demonstrate_v geometrical_o he_o profess_v he_o know_v not_o and_o utter_o despair_v it_o will_v ever_o be_v do_v which_o stir_v up_o the_o learned_a ishmael_n bullialdus_n to_o attempt_v the_o removal_n of_o this_o disgrace_n to_o astronomy_n which_o according_o he_o think_v he_o have_v do_v find_v the_o method_n of_o the_o aphelion_n and_o demonstrate_v at_o least_o as_o he_o think_v the_o first_o inequality_n geometrical_o and_o make_v table_n call_v his_o work_n astronomiam_fw-la philolaicam_fw-la 25._o but_o how_o far_o he_o come_v short_a of_o what_o he_o pretend_v be_v so_o plain_o and_o modest_o make_v appear_v by_o the_o reverend_a bishop_n in_o a_o book_n which_o he_o entitle_v inquisitio_fw-la in_o ismaelis_fw-la bullialdi_n astronomiae_n philolaicae_n fundamenta_fw-la edit_fw-la oxonii_n 1653._o that_o the_o ingenious_a bullialdus_n himself_o send_v he_o a_o letter_n of_o thanks_o and_o recognition_n of_o his_o error_n where_o also_o he_o 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college_n oxon._n a_o young_a man_n for_o his_o year_n of_o prodigious_a skill_n in_o astronomical_a matter_n who_o