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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A16264	The new-found politicke Disclosing the secret natures and dispositions as well of priuate persons as of statesmen and courtiers; wherein the gouernments, greatnesse, and power of the most notable kingdomes and common-wealths of the world are discouered and censured. Together with many excellent caueats and rules fit to be obserued by those princes and states of Christendome, both Protestants and papists, which haue reason to distrust the designes of the King of Spaine, as by the speech of the Duke of Hernia, vttered in the counsell of Spaine, and hereto annexed, may appeare. Written in Italian by Traiano Boccalini ... And now translated into English for the benefit of this kingdome.; De' ragguagli di Parnaso. English	Boccalini, Traiano, 1556-1613.; Vaughan, William, 1577-1641.; Florio, John, 1553?-1625.; Scott, Thomas, 1580?-1626. Newes from Pernassus.; Boccalini, Traiano, 1556-1613. Pietra del paragone politico.	1626 (1626)	STC 3185; ESTC S106274	157,616	256

to the Flemmings was conuerted into a couetous merchandise of the Spaniards Therefore the Scots by such lamentable miseries haue learned not to permit their King vpon any termes whatsoeuer to abandon the royall Seat of his ancient kingdome for to place it in a greater newly fallen vnto him in which case the Scots should vnder their cruell enemies the English be sure to suffer all the calamities which inferiour Nations are wont to endure at the hands of the superiour Some that were present at this Act report how the Spaniards told the King of England that those Scots which had spoken so arrogantly in the presence of his Maiesty were to be seuerely chastised to whom the King of England answered That the Spaniards ought not to giue that counsell vnto others which had proued so pernitious to themselues and thereupon hauing commanded the stay of weighing their Kingdome he assured his Scots that ere long he would giue them all possible satisfaction After this the vast Ottoman Empire was put into the Scale which the last fifteenth yeare arriued to the summe of two and thirty Millions but now was found to bee lesse than sixteene the strangnesse whereof made all the Princes very much to maruell and particularly the Venetians who could not beleeue such a fall whereupon they desired that wich more diligence it might be reweighed and it appeared how in that little time running betweene the first and this second weighing it had fallen eight hundred twenty and two pounds whereby it was manifest that the Ottoman Empire heretofore so terrible to the world now consumed with luxury couetousnesse and idlenesse runneth headlong to his ruine which gaue great contentment to all those Princes Neuerthelesse it was obserued by some of the wisest there present that the Spaniards were not so glad of it as the rest out of a doubt they had that the depression of the Turke would bee the exaltation of the Venetian State Then came the Polach Senators and put into the Scale their Kingdome which in regard of the small authority the King hath there the too much command which the Palatines arrogate vnto themselues made but a poore reckoning for it did not amount to six millions of pounds whereas in times past it alwaies exceeded twelue After them the Signory of the Councell of Te●● put into the Scale the flourishing Estate of the Venetian Common-wealth most admirable for the greatnesse thereof and opportunity of situation fitting for all great enterprises which went beyond all expectation in the weight for it came to eight Millions the cause whereof was said to bee the huge masse of Gold which those wise Senators in so long a time of peace had gathered together into their Treasury Next came the Switzers the Grisons and other free people of Germany and brought their Common-weals to the Scale Howbeit the Princes required that they might be weighed each one seuerally by it selfe wherewith the Germanes were well contented so that it might be done But Lorenzo hauing put the Common-wealth of Basil into the Scale it appeared that the greater part of the other Common-weales of Germany were all so linked together that it was impossible to separate them one from another which put a many of ambitious Princes there in a sweat Then the Duke of Sauoy caused his State to be put into the Scale by his noble Knights of the Annonciata which equalled the weight of the last fifteenth yeere but Lorenzo hauing added into the Scale that most noble prerogatiue of Title which the said Duke Charles Emanuell enioyeth of the prime Souldier of Italy it was seene to aggrauate the weight a Million foure hundreth and twenty pounds After this with a pompe and Maiesty matchable to Kings appeared the Duke of Lorraine whose State though little equalled the weight of great Kingdoms and it was considered that it fell out to bee so by a certaine good fortune which that Prince had to haue his States so happily seated that hee could easily put the Low-Countries into grieuous difficulties by impeaching the passage of those succours which the Spaniards conduct thither out of Italy whereby he hath growne into such reputation that to the most offerer he selleth for ready gold the merchandise of that his adhering in such sort that after he had dreyned the Spaniards asmuch as any the de●outest French Lord of the holy League whatsoeuer siding afterwards with the French hee knew so well how to change his coppy that a King of France such as was Henry the fourth the great Duke of Toscan and the Duke of Mantoua were glad of his alliance And fully to make vp the Spaniards iealousie the famous Venetian Common-wealth drew into her pay a Prince of that House with such affection that if that great Lady had not made a vow of perpetuall chastity and her nature according to the custome of some Indians had not beene stitched vp the first day she was born by the Venetian Signory most iealous of her honour it was verily beleeued by many that she would haue taken him to husband It was obserued that the Duke of Sauoy enuied much the felicity of this Prince because hee finding himselfe also seated betweene the French and the Spaniards of Milan as the Duke of Loraine was betweene the French and the Spaniards of Flanders in stead of so many benefits and so many commodities as fell vpon the Duke of Loraine hee had receiued most cruell kicks not onely from the French then his enemies but from the Spaniards his friends so that it was euident the Duke of Sauoy did now plainly see how that practise of his with the Spaniard was most pernicious for him Then came the Otto di Balia and put into the scale the flourishing State of the great Dukes of Tos●an which by reason of the excellent wits of the Inhabitants perpetuall plenty continuall peace and quiet security it enioyeth answered in weight to many Kingdomes Lorenzo greatly reioyced when he saw how vpon the foundations of those Churches and Hospitals which he and his Predecessors in the time of the Florentine liberty had laid in their Countrey their Successors according to the modell left them by Cosimo the Great had afterwards found meanes to erect strong Cyttadels whereupon Lorenzo to make a glorious shew of the worth and wisdome of the Princes of his house added into the Scale the admirable vnderstanding of Ferdinand the Great with the excessiue weight whereof it was so ouer charged that the huge chayne whereby it hung brake in two so that all went to ground This accident of the Scales so broken was an hindrance that other Italian Princes which remained could not be weighed whereupon it was concluded that comming according to the ancient custome to lay all the Princes and Potentates of Italy in ballance against the Monarchy of Spaine out of the vniuersall weight of the Italian Princes each ones particular would easily appeare Into the midst of the great Hall then was brought an

and sagacity than for their courage or valour in warre Moreouer the Impresa which hee caried in his royall Standard made all the learned of this Court to wonder which was a faire painted Writing-pen by vertue of which it did euidently appeare by the testimony of some Historians that both in the most potent Kingdome of France and elsewhere where any fit occasion had beene offered vnto him to make vse of it hee had caused and stirred vp more and greater ruines spoiles rapines wracks and hauocks than euer his Father Charles the fift could cause or effect with the greatest part of the Cannons of Europe The Impresa was highly commended by the sacred Colledge of the vertuous All Writers taking it for a great honour vnto themselues that a Pen in the hand of one that had knowne how to vse it had archieued and effected so memorable and remarkable actions This great King hath still bin most royally entertained in Parnassus for euen the chiefe and most eminent Monarkes in Europe haue held it as an honourable reputation to be able to attend and serue him So that euen the next day after his ingresse into this Dominion being disposed to be trimmed to commit himselfe into the hands of a Barber the great Queene of England disdained not all the while to hold the Bason vnder his Chinne And the most renowmed martiall King of France Henry the fourth surnamed the Great tooke it for a matchlesse glory to himselfe to be admitted to wash his head which hee performed with so exquisite skill and artificiall dexterity as he seemed to bee borne in that exercise and brought vp Prentise in that trade Although some enuious detractors haue giuen out that he did it without any Sope or Washing-ball but with strong scalding Lye alone This mighty Monarke hath bin presented by all the vertuous of Parnassus with diuers gifts of Poetrie and other quaint and much elabourated Poems all which hee hath counterchanged with great liberality and bounty And to a certaine learned man who presented him with an excellent discourse wherein was demonstrated the way and meanes how and in what manner most noble Partenope and all the most flourishing Kingdome of Naples which by the vnsufferable outrages of the Soldiers by the robberies of the Iudges by the tyrannous extortions of the Barons and by the general rapins and ransakings which the griping and greedy Vice-royes that from Spain are sent thither onely to cram and fatten themselues is now brought vnto extreme misery and desolation might be restored vnto the ancient greatnesse of its splendor he gaue a reward of twenty Duckats of gold and consigned the said discourse vnto his Confessour commanding him to keepe it safe for that it was written very honestly and religiously whereas vnto a most cunning and sufficient Politician who deliuered him a very long Treatise but altogether contrary to the first as that which treateth of politicke precepts and sheweth what course is to bee held to depresse and afflict the said kingdome of Naples lower and more than now it is And how it may with facility bee reduced vnto such misery and calamity as that generous Courcer which the Seggio of State without any headstall or saddle hath hitherto with no happy successe borne for an Impresse or recognisance may bee compelled patiently to beare a Pack-saddle or Panier to cary any heauy packe or burden yea and to draw in a Cart. For so much as hee was informed that it was iudiciously compiled and according to the right tearmes of moderne Policy hee assigned a gift of twelue thousand Crownes rent a yeare and moreouer made him a Grand of Spaine The Dogs of the Indies are become Wolues Rag. 22. 3. Part. ON the night of the twelfth of this present about eight of the clocke arriued in post-haste a Curtier dispatched from Lisbone vnto Apollo who told his Maiestie that he had brought him most important newes from the West-Indies The next morning very early all the learned ran to the Court to heare some newes And the Spaniards were the first who with great anxietie inquired whether there had lately beene discouered some other mount of Petofis or a new Rio del Plata in the Indies which if it were they would speedily haste thither to plant the holy word of God The French were very importunate to know whether some new world had beene found our which with making the Spaniards more powerfull might helpe them vtterly to subuert the old-one Apollo had no sooner read the letters but he fell into a ●●ance of sorrow and hauing inuolued himselfe into a ●oggie mist a shower of abundant brackish teares was seene to trickle downe his cheeks which was taken for a most disastrous presage by which sudden alteration all men iudged that the Post had brought very bad newes Now whilest all the Court was full of all sorts of learned and vertuous men who in great anxietie longed to vnderstand the cause of his Maiesties publike sadnesse after sundry clattrings of thunder and infinite flashings of lightnings which they heard and saw there was heard an horrible and dreadfull voice which said Oh you that inhabit the Earth fast macerate and cloath your selues with haire-cloth sprinkle your selues with ashes eat your bread with teares endeuour with humble prayers to asswage the wrath of God and with contrite hearts and penitent soules suppliantly beseech him that of his infinite mercy he will vouchsafe to deliuer all humane-kinde inhabiting the old world from those portentous and monstrous nouelties which wee certainely vnderstand to haue lately hapned in the new At so vnexpected and prodigious aduertisements infinite of the Vertuous by the wounding affliction that they felt in their hearts fell downe in a swoune thinking verily that the West Indies had beene vtterly consumed by fire or ouerwhelmed by the furie of mercilesse waters In this terror and dismall plight all the people in Par●assus with showers of teares with throbbing sobs with groning howlings with loud-shrill voices as the like were neuer heard cride for Mercy Mercy and with most submissiue intreatings and groanes besought Apollo that hee would daigne to impart vnto his deuout subiects what those mischiefes were from which they should intreat the immortall God to be deliuered Then from the aforesaid Court of his Maiestie was heard a second voice which gaue all men to vnderstand that the dogs which the Spaniards had transported into the Indies for the safegard of their flocks of sheepe were all become such rauenous wolues that in worrying and deuouring of flecced cattle they exceeded the voracitie and cruelty of the greedy Tigres After so drearie and vnhappy tidings all the learned in Parnassus burst forth into wailfull cries and lamentable skreeks dolefully complaining that if the dogs which were placed for the guard safetie of the sheepe became wolues so rauenous as they deuoured whole flocks vnto what Gardians night Shepherds hereafter recommend the keeping and safe custodie of their sheepe And

prodigious stream of happines hath in short time vnited brought vnder her diuers potent Kingdoms and with them framed an Empire so formidable that there is no Prince in the known vniuerse but for feare suspition of her hath at some time or other bin driuen to put on a lacket of maile or a Cuirace of steele This Queene not many moneths since attended on by a numberlesse Fleet with prosperous nauigation arriued safely in the Isle of Lesbos and the most honourable Ladie the Republike of Genoa hath gratis lent her her most famous Port although by reason of a certaine ancient prerogatiue the family of the Dorias draw a very great reuenue out of it The Spanish Monarchie in comparison of that of France of England and of other ancient Monarchies of Europe is but yong in yeares but in body and bulke far bigger than any other whatsoeuer and to the proportion of her yeares she is of an vnmeasurable greatnesse whereby it is argued that if she continue to grow vnto that age in which humane bodies are wont to receiue increase and growth shee will prooue an huge Giantesse and attaine to that boundlesse height of vniuersall Monarchies vnto which the Romane Monarchie came But he accidents of matters and secrets of State affirme most assuredly that she cannot grow much greater And that in her tendrest yeares shee is sprung vp vnto that height of bodie vnto which shee may in any long time attaine which is euidently perceiued by this infallible argument that in these daies shee groweth but halfe an inch with greater difficultie than in former times she did two handfull This potent Lady is of so swarthy an hue that shee drawes neere vnto the Moore or Affrican And therefore are her comporiments rather disdainfull and proud than serious and graue and in all her actions she sheweth her selfe more cruell than seuere And for as much as she could yet neuer learne the Art so necessary vnto Princes to pardon it is the vndoubted opinion of many that it will proue some hindrance to her greatnesse for glorying in nothing more than to be called the Doctoresse of all Nations in the Science to be implacably-resolute in knowing how to cut off the tops of those haughtie and luxurian Poppies which in the gardens of her States doe proudly ouertop others she greatly reioyceth that it be said how in this Art she hath excelled that great Tarquinius that was the first inuentor of so mysterious a secret She being then so hardie and resolute in committing of seuerities she is much perplexed in conferring of fauours which are seldome seene to proceed from her And those few that she bestoweth come from her with such an imperious haughtinesse that they are not very acceptable And yet in exterior semblance shee is all affabilitie and wholly spends herselfe in complements But he that with the spectacles of State-policie can prie into the inmost of her heart shall easily perceiue that shee is all Pride all Auarice all Crueltie So that all they that haue any long time treated or negotiated with her report that none receiue from any other Princes more milde-honied words and more bitter deeds Whence it is that as a friend she doth greatly allure men and as a mistris much insult vpon and terrifie them Her hands are beyond all due proportion long which shee extendeth farre and neere as occasions serue without distinguishing of friends from foes or stranger from kinsman Her nailes are like an Harpies and most griping Her fingers are of so hard and fast-hold that what once comes into her clutches shee neuer lets goe againe Her eyes are blacke and a most sharpe piercing sight Her looke is squint with which wishly beholding one she fixedly looketh vpon another A thing of great danger vnto Princes for of late daies hauing bent her face towards Algiers no man suspecting it she had earnestly fixed her looke towards Marseilles In her eyes is plainly discouered a most greedy and insatiate desire since that there is nothing that shee fixeth them vpon but shee most greedily wisheth and coueteth the same with all her heart and that 's the reason that our obseruing Speculants say that this Queene doth immoderately thirst after others goods and that as yet she neuer had friend but with her tricks and wilie-beguilies she hath in the end made her slaue All which things discouer plainly vnto the world that she is rather fit to gouerne slaues than free men For there is no other Princesse whatsoeuer that more ambitiously laboureth to ingrosse and forestall all seruice into her hands not onely from her owne subiects but from her best friends She obserues so punctuall a forme of State that she doth not so much as vouchsafe to goe meet good occasions which infinite times haue sought her in her owne house She farre excelleth all other Queenes both present and past in knowing how vnder her rich robe of cloth of gold to paliate her priuate interesse be it neuer so diabolicall And although she be daily seene to commit most damnable actions she makes no greater ostentation of any thing than of her conscience whereby the French who vnder colour of her holy and religious pretexts haue so often beene ouer-reached haue at last to their no small cost learn'd to arme themselues and to get on horsebacke when with a Crowne in her hand they see her propose or treat affaires full of religious pretexts and sacred charitie towards her best beloued neighbours She is so cunning in the exercise of riding that she hath not onely successefully tamed and broken the generous Coursers of Naples but also the rough and skittish Mules of Spaine which by a naturall instinct are wont to kick to whinze and bite at all men She is of all other Queenes of so mistrustfull a Genius that except her owne Nation she hath declared all others though subiect vnto her to be of no confidence albeit she haue diuers times and in all occasions found them right trustie and faithfull which point is so preiudiciall vnto her that the most skilfull in the worlds affaires doe probably conclude that by reason of this one most important defect it is impossible she should grow bigger The reason is because there is no other Queene that careth lesse to be beloued of her people than she and that endeuoureth more to be feared And therefore doe our Polititians note this in her as a kinde of notorious follie that shee confidently beleeueth that with misusing and hurring all men shee shall induce them to adore her and with such hatefull deportments allure all Nations to serue her For the great store of her treasures is the forcible Adamant which violently attracts vnto it the mindes of some who vtterly abhorring her are bound to seeke and by all meanes procure her declination She is most curious and accurate in matters of small moment whereas in weighty and important affaires no other Queene hath more easily suffered herselfe to be supplanted

not content with the like number of sheepe as he formerly possessed equall vnto mee but thinking to make himselfe absolute Monarch of all other Pastors in Arcadia he tooke vp money at vse and at the extremest interest sold the greatest part of his Patrimonie and hauing got together a large masse of money sent into England Spaine and to strange Countries where he vnderstood the fairest wolled sheep were and with excessiue cost transported them hither and made three seuerall flocks of fiue hundred in each flocke But it fortuned so that those sheepe being forraine and not acquainted with the language and whistles of our Shepheards nor with our kinde of pasture they stragled here and there into vnknowne places Whereupon Menalcas was forced to substitute Deputy Shepheards and many Dogs to looke vnto them and to fetch them in But such was the naturall hatreed of the sheepe towards the Dogs and the implacable moodinesse which they conceiued to be continually hurried vp and downe that they fell into an inward conceit of languor and despair and so into flat disobedience to abhorre both their Shepheards and the Dogs insomuch that when they were to bee milkt and shorne they hid themselues in woods and deserts And then it was known throughout all Arcadia that Despaire and strange vsage can turne Conies into Lions Yea it was sound that at that time the Spanish sheepe which Menalcas had brought thither proued so rauing mad that they attempto bite their Shepheards Menalcas thus perplexed for the losse and escape of so many sheepe hired out of Spaine and Swizzerland the valiantest Dogs hee could haue for money which considering the infinite charge he sustained in conducting them into Arcadia and the nature of these Dogs being continually accustomed to hunt these sheepe they came at last what for want of their due allowance and what of a wanton and greedy disposition they turned like Wolues and preyed so long vpon these silly sheep that the rest which were left aliue pined away with griefe rather to endure such continual hurrying and troubles vnder strange Pastors and rauenous Dogs Poore Menalcas vpon the report of this tragicall euent became the by-word and subiect of laughter to all Arcadia for this his ambitious enterprise and was pointed at with the more fingers euen of very boyes when afterwards he was faine to turne a petty merchant of skins the vnlucky relicks of a lamentable charge and the presaging tokens of his owne Funerals for indeed the mans heart-strings brake of very sorrow and melancholy leauing his house that sometimes flourished among the best of vs in Arcadia now desolate and most miserable CHAP. 4. Many people hauing wasted their meanes by gluttonous feasts prodigall fare and pompous apparell for the moderating of such lauish expences doe desire a Statute of their Princes but they misse of their purpose SOme Nations subiects to certaine Princes which are resident here at Parnassus hauing tryed that superfluity of belly-cheere excesse of drinking and the vanities of apparell and new-fangled fashions are now a dayes besides the wrath of their Creatour iustly incurred for the breach of these vowes which were vndertaken for them at their Baptisme many men were transformed into Swinish qualities to their healths impaire the ruine of their estates and soules danger And for their outside they garnished themselues like peacocks so gay and trimme that no patrimony how rich soeuer can now supply the ambition of men nor the vanities of women that they also obseruing in these proud times how this excesse proceeds yet further that all the portion which is left vnto young Gentlewomen whom ciuill modesty heretofore was wont to be their chiefest ornament how great soeuer the same might be did not now suffice to buy them Carkanets and Iewels and imbrodered peticotes so that Fathers are not able to marry them according to their rancke and to match them with thrifty persons were almost impossible for hauing knowne them for such vaine creatures they will not be troubled with their company and to let them runne headlong according to their vnbridled fancies they must either marry with vnthrifts like themselues or liue vnmarried to the hazard of their chastities so that except some Law be enacted for the curbing of this excesse they may well be said to hold the Wolfe by the eares Vpon these considerations fearing their vtter ouerthrow with one consent they presented their supplications to their Princes who seemed very glad to entertaine their motion so much tending to the publike good and like good Polititians knowing how profitable it is to strike the iron while it is hot at that time to publish a Law when the subiects themselues become sutors for it must needs fall out very luckily with good fruit in the effect they out of hād while their subiects were in this humour of thirft ioyned together to cut off all superfluous customes in feasts and drinkings and all new fashions of attires tying themselues to one fashion onely not to be altered for many yeares allowing what is decent and comely to euery seuerall vocation But the Euening before this most laudable Statute was to be signed and published accidentally it came to the eares of the Princes Farmers and Officers of the Customes and Imposts who being likewise backt and whetted on by the Mercers Vintners Grocers and other Tradesmen which liued vpon the spoile of the richer sort they repaired in all haste to their Princes and very cunningly intreated to defaulke and abate a great part of those yearely summes which they were to pay them for such Wines Spice Sugars and such other forraine commodities as by way of Customes and Imposts they were to receiue to their vse The Princes stood confounded in their iudgement hearing speech of so great losses and defalkments as they very craftily insinuated and pretended in Foxes habits to be most true and although most of the stuffes were wrought in their owne Countries at least the most durable and best befitting euery Nation yet they made their Princes beleeue that there came from Naples from Genoa from Millan and from Spaine so many kinds of stuffes silkes gold and siluer lace which if the Statute of thrift went currant they could not but sustaine exceeding great losses in the publike Customes whereupon the Princes sent for the Committies and Deputies of their People and told them what their Customers had proued before them on their honest words so that they could not hinder their owne interest and profit lest they should make themselues leane in going about to fatten them With this answere sauouring of the Princes gaine the people departed much grieued and afflicted and confessed all of them that to heale any disorders with that medicine which might offend the publike Customes and Imposts were desperate Cure and incurable Cankers CHAP. 5. Terence the Comedian being imprisoned by Iason the Pretour of Vrbine for keeping a Concubine is deliuered by Apollo with very great dishonour to