why_o the_o commons_o can_v not_o be_v represent_v in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o and_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n m._n i_o will_v proceed_v to_o do_v it_o and_o for_o this_o end_n shall_v reduce_v my_o argument_n to_o these_o three_o head_n the_o first_o be_v some_o writ_n find_v out_o and_o produce_v by_o the_o doctor_n whereby_o he_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o summon_v during_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o till_o the_o 49th_o second_o the_o general_a silence_n of_o all_o statute_n in_o hâ—n_n iii_o reign_n wherein_o be_v not_o one_o word_n mention_v of_o the_o commons_o but_o rather_o to_o the_o contrary_a three_o the_o critical_a time_n viz._n in_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o when_o the_o commons_o be_v first_o call_v during_o monsfords_n rebellion_n four_a their_o discontinuance_n from_o that_o time_n till_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o they_o in_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o nor_o yet_o of_o ed._n i._n till_o the_o 18_o in_o which_o the_o doctor_n show_v you_o a_o writ_n not_o take_v notice_n of_o before_o by_o which_o the_o commons_o be_v summon_v a_o new_a to_o parliament_n last_o from_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n whether_o for_o one_o knight_n or_o two_o knight_n and_o sometime_o no_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n at_o all_o which_o sufficient_o prove_v the_o novelty_n of_o the_o institution_n as_o also_o of_o some_o parliamentary_a form_n relate_v to_o the_o commons_o which_o show_v that_o neither_o their_o number_n nor_o manner_n of_o election_n be_v settle_v long_o after_o the_o reign_n of_o edw._n i._n to_o begin_v therefore_o with_o the_o first_o head_n i_o know_v the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n make_v a_o great_a noise_n about_o the_o loss_n or_o rather_o defect_n of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n and_o parliament_n roll_v of_o all_o the_o king_n till_o the_o 23d_o or_o 25_o of_o edw._n i._n so_o that_o we_o can_v be_v so_o well_o assure_v what_o be_v do_v in_o parliament_n of_o those_o time_n as_o we_o may_v be_v afterward_o yet_o there_o be_v still_o some_o writ_n of_o summons_n extant_a upon_o the_o close_a roll_n before_o and_o in_o those_o time_n dein_fw-ge by_o which_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n or_o great_a council_n and_o we_o have_v all_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n iii_o on_o the_o dorseâ—_n of_o which_o ancient_o most_o of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o commons_o in_o other_o king_n reign_n be_v enter_v few_o on_o the_o patent_n roll_n which_o we_o have_v likewise_o it_o be_v therefore_o very_o strange_a if_o the_o commons_o be_v then_o represent_v by_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o summon_v to_o parliament_n as_o at_o this_o day_n that_o there_o can_v be_v find_v any_o summons_n to_o they_o upon_o these_o roll_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o lord_n but_o the_o learned_a doctor_n have_v for_o our_o satisfaction_n find_v out_o three_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o lord_n one_o in_o king_n john_n reign_n and_o two_o other_o of_o hen_n iii_o the_o first_o be_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n 6_o of_o king_n john_n direct_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o salisbury_n dor_n which_o be_v needless_a here_o to_o be_v repeat_v verbatim_o only_o pray_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o material_a word_n of_o this_o writ_n where_o after_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o summon_v particular_o express_v it_o conclude_v thus_o expedit_fw-la habere_fw-la vestrum_fw-la consilium_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la terrae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la quos_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la ilium_fw-la &_o locum_fw-la fecimus_fw-la convocari_fw-la dor_n the_o second_o be_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o the_o 26_o hen._n iii_o direct_v to_o w._n archbishop_n of_o york_n wherein_o he_o be_v likewise_o summon_v ad_fw-la tractandum_fw-la nobiscum_fw-la una_fw-la cum_fw-la caeteris_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la quos_fw-la similiter_fw-la fecimus_fw-la convocaâ—i_fw-la de_fw-la arduis_fw-la negotiis_fw-la nostris_fw-la statum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la &_o totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la specialiter_fw-la tangentibus_fw-la with_o this_o note_n underneath_o eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la scribitur_fw-la omnibus_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la the_o three_o be_v of_o the_o 38th_o of_o the_o same_o king_n direct_v to_o boniface_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n 93._o whereby_o he_o be_v summon_v to_o be_v at_o westminster_n within_o fifteen_o day_n after_o hillary_n next_o come_v before_o the_o queen_n and_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwail_v about_o the_o affair_n of_o gascony_n and_o this_o very_a council_n mat._n paris_n anno._n dom._n 1254._o call_v a_o parliament_n to_o which_o all_o the_o magnate_v or_o great_a man_n of_o england_n come_v together_o the_o day_n of_o which_o meeting_n he_o make_v to_o have_v be_v the_o 6_o of_o the_o calends_o of_o february_n be_v st._n iulian_n day_n and_o which_o fall_v one_o within_o fifteen_o day_n after_o st._n hillary_n day_n which_o be_v that_o appoint_v for_o the_o meeting_n of_o this_o parliament_n by_o the_o aforesaid_a writ_n of_o summons_n and_o who_o be_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o this_o parliament_n may_v be_v be_v far_o make_v out_o by_o a_o letter_n of_o the_o queen_n and_o earl_n richard_n to_o the_o king_n then_o in_o gascony_n 50._o which_o be_v recite_v by_o mat._n paris_n in_o his_o additament_n in_o these_o word_n domino_fw-la regi_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n regina_fw-la &_o richardus_fw-la comes_fw-la cornubiae_fw-la salutem_fw-la recipimus_fw-la literas_fw-la vestras_fw-la ad_fw-la natale_n domini_fw-la proximae_fw-la praeteritum_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o crastino_n sancti_fw-la hillarii_n convocaremus_fw-la archiepiscopos_fw-la episcopos_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la ad_fw-la ostendendum_fw-la etc._n etc._n whereby_o it_o appear_v who_o be_v then_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o member_n of_o our_o english_a parliament_n viz._n the_o archbishop_n bishop_n etc._n etc._n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o universal_a silence_n concern_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o our_o parliament_n as_o you_o and_o those_o of_o your_o party_n suppose_v from_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o those_o time_n most_o of_o which_o though_o i_o confess_v be_v lose_v yet_o there_o be_v enough_o leave_v to_o satisfy_v any_o reasonable_a person_n that_o there_o be_v then_o no_o commons_o in_o parliament_n in_o the_o sense_n they_o be_v now_o take_v f._n you_o can_v give_v i_o a_o better_a demonstration_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o parliament_n roll_n and_o writ_n of_o summons_n than_o what_o you_o now_o offer_v for_o if_o we_o have_v all_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n iii_o on_o the_o dorse_n of_o which_o you_o tell_v i_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n use_v to_o be_v enter_v then_o certain_o those_o to_o the_o lord_n be_v there_o enter_v also_o and_o if_o so_o how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o in_o above_o eighty_o year_n time_n in_o which_o there_o must_v be_v above_o eighty_o parliament_n you_o can_v show_v i_o but_o three_o writ_n of_o summons_n and_o those_o only_a to_o as_o many_o bishop_n and_o to_o no_o temporal_a lord_n at_o all_o if_o so_o be_v these_o be_v parliament_n and_o not_o great_a council_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o as_o i_o rather_o believe_v they_o be_v for_o you_o rely_v too_o much_o upon_o you_o doctor_n credit_n when_o you_o allege_v that_o we_o have_v all_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n iii_o which_o be_v a_o great_a mistake_n for_o i_o have_v have_v a_o friend_n who_o have_v give_v i_o a_o note_n of_o what_o close_a roll_n be_v still_o extant_a in_o those_o reign_v and_o what_o be_v lose_v which_o you_o may_v here_o see_v to_o begin_v with_o king_n john_n pray_v observe_v that_o all_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o the_o first_o five_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n be_v go_v and_o so_o they_o be_v in_o the_o 9th_o 10_o 11_o 12_o and_o 13_o for_o certain_o there_o be_v some_o in_o those_o as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o succeed_a year_n in_o the_o next_o place_n till_o the_o 18_o there_o be_v but_o one_o roll_n leave_v of_o each_o year_n but_o then_o there_o be_v three_o and_o after_o that_o but_o one_o or_o two_o in_o a_o year_n to_o the_o very_a end_n now_o pray_v tell_v i_o how_o we_o can_v be_v assure_v that_o there_o be_v not_o more_o than_o one_o roll_n in_o every_o precedent_a year_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o 15_o the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v for_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o which_o though_o i_o grant_v be_v more_o entire_a than_o those_o of_o king_n john_n there_o be_v some_o leave_v we_o of_o every_o year_n but_o the_o 23d_o yet_o they_o be_v but_o
during_o his_o confinement_n there_o send_v a_o lady_n i_o can_v name_v on_o a_o message_n to_o two_o reverend_a prelate_n of_o our_o church_n together_o with_o a_o emerald_n ring_n from_o his_o finger_n as_o a_o testimony_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o her_o commission_n to_o this_o effect_n that_o his_o majesty_n be_v sensible_a of_o the_o sad_a condition_n the_o church_n of_o england_n as_o well_o as_o he_o himself_o be_v in_o and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o way_n so_o likely_a for_o he_o to_o get_v out_o of_o it_o as_o by_o grant_v his_o subject_n and_o particular_o the_o church_n of_o england_n such_o security_n for_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o their_o just_a right_n and_o liberty_n as_o they_o can_v in_o reason_n demand_v therefore_o he_o whole_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o discretion_n of_o those_o bishop_n to_o make_v to_o the_o peer_n and_o bishop_n that_o be_v then_o to_o meet_v sudden_o whatever_o proposal_n they_o shall_v think_v reasonable_a on_o his_o behalf_n for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o church_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o that_o he_o will_v be_v ready_a to_o grant_v and_o ratify_v they_o whensoever_o he_o shall_v be_v require_v f._n this_o be_v indeed_o more_o than_o ever_o i_o hear_v before_o and_o can_v scarce_o believe_v but_o do_v the_o lady_n go_v and_o deliver_v her_o message_n and_o pray_v what_o answer_n do_v those_o bishop_n give_v to_o this_o fair_a proposal_n m._n yes_o the_o lady_n do_v deliver_v her_o message_n and_o these_o bishop_n answer_v both_o to_o the_o same_o effect_n that_o they_o have_v a_o real_a duty_n and_o affection_n for_o his_o majesty_n and_o a_o great_a desire_n to_o serve_v he_o but_o that_o consider_v the_o great_a power_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n and_o his_o present_a aversion_n to_o any_o agreement_n with_o his_o majesty_n they_o very_o much_o fear_v that_o the_o peer_n will_v not_o venture_v to_o give_v the_o prince_n any_o such_o advice_n or_o to_o interpose_v with_o he_o on_o his_o majesty_n behalf_n which_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v very_o mean_o and_o cowardly_o do_v of_o they_o who_o consider_v their_o duty_n to_o he_o as_o king_n and_o also_o those_o particular_a obligation_n they_o owe_v he_o as_o their_o benefactor_n and_o who_o have_v be_v the_o great_a mean_n of_o their_o be_v raise_v to_o those_o dignity_n in_o his_o brother_n reign_n now_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v if_o this_o message_n have_v receive_v its_o intend_a effect_n what_o great_a demonstration_n his_o majesty_n can_v have_v give_v to_o satisfy_v the_o world_n that_o he_o real_o intend_v to_o set_v all_o thing_n right_o again_o have_v he_o be_v permit_v to_o do_v it_o f._n i_o will_v not_o far_o question_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o relation_n though_o perhaps_o i_o may_v have_v sufficient_a reason_n for_o it_o since_o you_o say_v you_o have_v it_o from_o a_o person_n of_o good_a credit_n and_o who_o be_v privy_a to_o this_o transaction_n nor_o yet_o will_v i_o be_v so_o inquisitive_a as_o to_o know_v the_o name_n either_o of_o the_o bishop_n or_o of_o the_o lady_n since_o you_o make_v it_o a_o secret_a but_o yet_o notwithstanding_o i_o do_v still_o very_a much_o question_n whether_o the_o king_n do_v ever_o real_o design_n to_o do_v what_o he_o then_o offer_v and_o do_v not_o intend_v to_o put_v a_o shame_n upon_o their_o lordship_n to_o serve_v his_o present_a occasion_n and_o to_o see_v if_o he_o can_v divide_v the_o bishop_n and_o peer_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n from_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n interest_n and_o so_o by_o make_v they_o offer_v such_o proposal_n as_o the_o prince_n shall_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o agree_v to_o may_v make_v they_o declare_v against_o his_o proceed_n which_o will_v have_v create_v great_a division_n and_o heartburning_n between_o those_o of_o the_o high_a church_n of_o england_n party_n and_o the_o prince_n and_o thereby_o have_v involve_v we_o again_o in_o fresh_a disturbance_n of_o which_o no_o doubt_n the_o king_n and_o the_o popish_a faction_n be_v like_a to_o receive_v the_o great_a advantage_n for_o you_o know_v the_o old_a say_n divide_v &_o impera_fw-la but_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o i_o do_v not_o speak_v without_o just_a ground_n for_o my_o opinion_n let_v we_o examine_v every_o circumstance_n of_o this_o matter_n first_o if_o the_o king_n have_v mean_v real_o be_v it_o likely_a that_o he_o will_v have_v trust_v a_o business_n of_o that_o high_a moment_n to_o a_o woman_n when_o he_o have_v then_o the_o lord_n of_o alesbury_n and_o arron_n beside_o other_o protestant_a gentleman_n then_o wait_v on_o he_o and_o they_o be_v much_o fit_a to_o be_v trust_v than_o this_o lady_n let_v she_o be_v who_o she_o will_v or_o can_v any_o one_o believe_v if_o the_o king_n have_v mean_v real_o that_o he_o will_v not_o have_v send_v his_o proposal_n in_o write_v since_o he_o very_o well_o know_v from_o the_o prince_n declaration_n as_o well_o as_o the_o bishop_n petition_n and_o address_n to_o he_o what_o the_o whole_a nation_n and_o the_o church_n of_o england_n in_o particular_a require_v at_o his_o hand_n but_o that_o he_o must_v send_v a_o loose_a and_o uncertain_a message_n which_o it_o be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o disow_v whenever_o he_o please_v by_o say_v the_o foolish_a woman_n mistake_v his_o meaning_n and_o she_o also_o may_v be_v so_o much_o his_o creature_n as_o to_o take_v the_o fault_n whole_o upon_o herself_o whenever_o it_o shall_v serve_v the_o king_n turn_v so_o to_o do_v and_o therefore_o i_o think_v it_o be_v very_o wise_o and_o honest_o do_v of_o those_o reverend_a prelet_n to_o refuse_v meddle_v in_o such_o a_o ticklish_a affair_n since_o it_o be_v plain_a by_o his_o not_o make_v any_o such_o proposal_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n himself_o or_o the_o lord_n about_o he_o that_o he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v make_v privy_a to_o it_o but_o rather_o it_o shall_v be_v carry_v on_o whether_o he_o will_v or_o no_o and_o without_o give_v he_o any_o satisfaction_n in_o his_o particular_a concern_v as_o to_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o last_o i_o desire_v you_o far_a to_o consider_v whether_o the_o king_n may_v not_o hereafter_o when_o ever_o he_o have_v power_n have_v make_v void_a whatever_o agreement_n or_o concession_n he_o shall_v have_v then_o grant_v either_o to_o the_o church_n of_o england_n or_o to_o the_o nation_n by_o plead_v afterward_o that_o they_o be_v obtain_v by_o decree_n whilst_o he_o be_v not_o svi_fw-la juris_fw-la but_o under_o the_o power_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n i_o have_v but_o one_o thing_n more_o to_o add_v which_o i_o before_o omit_v which_o be_v to_o make_v some_o reply_n to_o what_o you_o say_v concern_v the_o mischief_n that_o the_o mob_n have_v do_v upon_o house_n forest_n and_o praks_n since_o his_o majesty_n first_o departure_n and_o therefore_o grant_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n that_o much_o mischief_n and_o spoil_n have_v be_v commit_v yet_o i_o deny_v that_o it_o be_v more_o than_o have_v be_v do_v by_o the_o most_o arbitrary_a king_n since_o the_o conquest_n to_o this_o day_n as_o you_o be_v please_v to_o affirm_v for_o i_o believe_v you_o forget_v the_o thirty_o parish_n church_n and_o town_n which_o our_o historian_n tell_v we_o your_o william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o his_o son_n ruâ—us_o destroy_v when_o they_o enlarge_v new_a forest_n and_o therein_o act_v contrary_a to_o their_o oath_n like_o true_a despotic_a tyrant_n you_o likewise_o forget_v the_o miserable_a spoil_n and_o waste_v which_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n the_o iii_o make_v upon_o the_o house_n castle_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o baron_n and_o gentry_n of_o england_n who_o oppose_v they_o in_o their_o unjust_a and_o illegal_a violation_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la beside_o other_o tyrannical_a action_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n commit_v by_o king_n edward_n and_o richard_n the_o ii_o too_o long_o here_o to_o relate_v but_o if_o these_o mischief_n be_v do_v you_o speak_v of_o who_o have_v we_o to_o thank_v for_o it_o but_o the_o king_n who_o steal_v away_o on_o the_o sudden_a without_o leave_v any_o order_n for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n all_o person_n in_o commission_n either_o civil_a or_o military_a doubt_v whether_o their_o commission_n be_v noâ—_n at_o a_o end_n by_o the_o king_n desert_v the_o government_n as_o he_o do_v beside_o you_o very_o well_o know_v that_o the_o common_a people_n be_v so_o enrage_v against_o the_o popish_a faction_n for_o so_o many_o insolent_a action_n they_o have_v commit_v in_o king_n james_n reign_n and_o so_o many_o apparent_a breach_n and_o contempt_n of_o all_o the_o law_n make_v against_o they_o that_o you_o can_v wonder_v if_o when_o they_o be_v rid_v of_o the_o fear_n of_o the_o irish_a and_o of_o king_n james_n army_n they_o keep_v
to_o have_v be_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o ii_o now_o your_o only_a argument_n to_o prove_v this_o be_v that_o king_n richard_n though_o his_o elder_a son_n alive_a be_v only_o call_v duke_n of_o normandy_n and_o never_o king_n of_o england_n till_o after_o his_o coronation_n but_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v the_o circumstance_n of_o this_o matter_n will_v find_v that_o he_o be_v indeed_o own_a for_o king_n of_o england_n before_o his_o pretend_a election_n or_o coronation_n for_o before_o his_o come_n into_o england_n to_o be_v crown_v rocer_n hoveden_n tell_v we_o 373._o that_o every_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n by_o the_o command_n of_o his_o mother_n queen_n elinor_n swear_v quod_fw-la fideni_fw-la portabit_fw-la regi_fw-la angliae_fw-la richardo_n regis_fw-la hen._n filio_fw-la which_o plain_o show_v that_o he_o be_v then_o by_o common_a intendment_n look_v upon_o as_o king_n before_o his_o coronation_n and_o though_o i_o confess_v that_o this_o very_a author_n also_o relate_v that_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v assemble_v at_o london_n by_o who_o council_n and_o assent_v the_o say_a duke_n be_v consecrate_a and_o crown_v king_n of_o england_n and_o though_o ralph_n de_fw-fr diceto_n then_o dean_n of_o st._n pawles_n who_o in_o the_o vacancy_n of_o that_o church_n then_o supply_v the_o office_n of_o the_o bishop_n at_o king_n richard_n coronation_n have_v this_o passage_n 647._o comes_fw-la itaque_fw-la pictavorum_n richardus_fw-la hereditario_fw-la jure_fw-la praemovendus_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la post_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_fw-la solemnem_fw-la &_o debitam_fw-la electionem_fw-la involutas_fw-la est_fw-la triplici_fw-la sacramento_n etc._n etc._n now_o what_o can_v this_o solemn_a and_o due_a election_n here_o signify_v or_o what_o can_v it_o mean_v far_o than_o that_o richard_n be_v king_n by_o hereditary_a right_n be_v so_o own_v and_o recognize_v by_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n f._n i_o desire_v i_o may_v reply_v to_o this_o before_o you_o proceed_v far_o i_o confess_v what_o you_o say_v about_o the_o empress_n maud_n surrender_n of_o she_o right_o to_o her_o son_n duke_n henry_n will_v be_v considerable_a if_o you_o have_v any_o authority_n from_o our_o ancient_a historian_n to_o support_v it_o but_o since_o you_o have_v not_o i_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o no_o better_a than_o a_o mere_a surmise_n of_o those_o of_o your_o opinion_n that_o the_o crown_n be_v then_o enjoy_v by_o a_o hereditary_a right_n without_o any_o consent_n or_o election_n of_o the_o people_n and_o so_o likewise_o be_v your_o other_o fancy_n that_o because_o woman_n be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o uncapable_a to_o govern_v therefore_o the_o bishop_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n suppose_v they_o have_v sufficient_o perform_v their_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o she_o by_o acknowledge_v her_o son_n duke_n henry_n for_o the_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n now_o if_o this_o have_v be_v so_o pray_v tell_v i_o to_o what_o purpose_n king_n henry_n i._o father_n to_o the_o empress_n shall_v have_v make_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o england_n swear_v fealty_n to_o his_o daughter_n if_o a_o woman_n have_v be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o uncapable_a to_o govern_v or_o to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v the_o clergy_n in_o the_o council_n at_o winchester_n choose_v this_o empress_n as_o the_o king_n daughter_n lady_n both_o of_o england_n and_o normandy_n 106._o as_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n tell_v we_o express_o that_o they_o do_v and_o that_o he_o be_v present_a at_o it_o or_o how_o can_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n believe_v that_o they_o have_v sufficient_o satisfy_v their_o oath_n to_o the_o daughter_n in_o confer_v the_o allegiance_n that_o be_v due_a to_o she_o upon_o her_o son_n i_o be_o sure_a no_o heiress_n of_o the_o crown_n will_v look_v upon_o that_o as_o a_o good_a performance_n of_o their_o oath_n at_o this_o day_n when_o you_o 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regem_fw-la which_o word_n be_v in_o the_o future_a tense_n show_v he_o be_v not_o then_o but_o be_v to_o be_v promote_v to_o that_o dignity_n now_o if_o his_o hereditary_a right_n alone_o can_v have_v do_v it_o then_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v all_o these_o word_n aforego_v so_o that_o though_o this_o right_n give_v he_o the_o fair_a pretence_n to_o succeed_v to_o the_o crown_n yet_o it_o be_v plain_a from_o both_o the_o author_n you_o have_v quote_v that_o he_o be_v not_o so_o till_o after_o the_o due_a consent_n and_o election_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n so_o that_o after_o all_o your_o question_n what_o can_v this_o solemn_a and_o due_a election_n signify_v or_o what_o can_v it_o mean_v far_o than_o that_o richard_n be_v king_n by_o a_o hereditary_a right_o be_v so_o own_a and_o recognize_v by_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n will_v receive_v a_o very_a easy_a answer_n from_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v till_o you_o can_v show_v i_o out_o of_o any_o dictionary_n that_o consilium_fw-la and_o assensus_fw-la which_o be_v the_o word_n of_o hoveden_n and_o the_o word_n solemnis_fw-la &_o debita_fw-la electio_fw-la ever_o signify_v a_o own_n or_o recognition_n of_o a_o hereditary_a right_n i_o confess_v the_o only_a colour_n you_o have_v for_o your_o interpretation_n of_o those_o word_n in_o hoveden_n which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v of_o queen_n elianor_n make_v every_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n swear_v fealty_n to_o richard_n king_n of_o england_n as_o to_o their_o liege_n lord_n from_o whence_o you_o will_v infer_v that_o by_o common_a intendment_n of_o law_n he_o be_v look_v upon_o king_n of_o england_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v and_o consequent_o there_o can_v be_v no_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n now_o admit_v that_o he_o be_v common_o call_v king_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v or_o that_o the_o queen_n his_o mother_n will_v make_v the_o people_n swear_v to_o he_o as_o such_o yet_o that_o can_v not_o make_v he_o so_o since_o the_o same_o historian_n also_o tell_v we_o that_o hubert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o william_n earl_n marshal_z make_v the_o people_n of_o england_n take_v a_o like_a oath_n to_o earl_n john_n as_o their_o lord_n not_o king_n immediate_o after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n richard_n his_o brother_n and_o yet_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o affirm_v that_o their_o swear_a fealty_n to_o he_o as_o their_o superior_a lord_n make_v he_o king_n or_o give_v he_o a_o just_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o i_o desire_v you_o or_o any_o indifferent_a man_n to_o tell_v i_o which_o be_v hoveden_n opinion_n whether_o this_o swear_a fealty_n be_v a_o sufficient_a declaration_n of_o his_o â—eing_a king_n or_o else_o all_o those_o other_o expression_n which_o signify_v the_o contrary_a when_o immediate_o before_o his_o coronation_n he_o only_o call_v it_o ducem_fw-la richarâ—m_fw-la qui_fw-la coronandus_fw-la erat_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la which_o i_o think_v be_v as_o plain_a a_o distinction_n of_o his_o be_v a_o duke_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v and_o a_o king_n afterward_o as_o word_n can_v make_v m._n i_o see_v it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o urge_v this_o point_n any_o long_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o your_o next_o instance_n of_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n richard_n until_o king_n john_n be_v place_v therein_o now_o though_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o this_o prince_n be_v a_o usurper_n upon_o his_o nephew_n duke_n arthur_n yet_o whether_o he_o be_v ever_o elect_v in_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v very_o doubtful_a but_o suppose_v he_o be_v it_o be_v do_v wrongful_o and_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o arthur_n duke_n of_o britain_n the_o right_a heir_n to_o the_o crown_n who_o be_v young_a and_o a_o stranger_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o he_o be_v put_v by_o and_o his_o uncle_n who_o
be_v a_o man_n and_o better_o acquaint_v with_o england_n and_o have_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o most_o of_o the_o great_a man_n be_v of_o his_o party_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o hoveden_n who_o be_v alive_a at_o this_o time_n speak_v not_o a_o word_n of_o his_o be_v elect_v but_o only_o that_o upon_o his_o come_n into_o england_n he_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o nobility_n and_o crown_v by_o hubert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n so_o that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o word_n there_o of_o any_o election_n by_o but_o only_o a_o submission_n from_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a to_o king_n john_n and_o a_o recognition_n that_o he_o be_v their_o king_n nor_o indeed_o can_v he_o need_v it_o if_o it_o be_v true_a what_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o when_o king_n richard_n despared_a of_o life_n 449._o he_o devise_v to_o john_n his_o brother_n the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o all_o his_o other_o land_n and_o cause_v all_o those_o that_o be_v present_a to_o do_v he_o fealty_n and_o this_o be_v relate_v by_o hoveden_n in_o all_o probability_n a_o eye_n witness_v of_o these_o transaction_n so_o that_o the_o first_o author_n we_o find_v to_o mention_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o particular_n of_o this_o pretend_a election_n be_v mâ—tthew_n paris_n who_o have_v give_v we_o the_o speech_n which_o the_o archbishop_n make_v at_o this_o suppose_a election_n 197._o and_o also_o recite_v the_o archbishop_n bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n and_o all_o other_o who_o ought_v to_o be_v at_o his_o coronation_n the_o archbishop_n stand_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o they_o say_v thus_o hear_v all_o of_o you_o your_o discretion_n shall_v know_v that_o no_o man_n have_v right_a to_o succeed_v in_o this_o kingdom_n unless_o after_o seek_v god_n he_o be_v unanimous_o choose_v by_o the_o university_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o be_v those_o that_o be_v here_o say_v to_o meet_v at_o london_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o speech_n need_v no_o 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wendover_n from_o who_o he_o take_v most_o of_o his_o history_n but_o that_o this_o doctrine_n of_o the_o archbishop_n concern_v the_o election_n of_o our_o king_n if_o mean_v according_a to_o the_o modern_a understanding_n of_o it_o be_v then_o new_a gervase_n a_o monk_n of_o canterbury_n in_o the_o year_n 1122._o who_o also_o speak_v of_o the_o coronation_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o say_z it_o be_v manifest_a and_o know_v almost_o to_o all_o man_n that_o the_o king_n be_v of_o england_n be_v only_o oblige_v and_o bind_v to_o god_n for_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o to_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n for_o their_o coronation_n 30._o manifestum_fw-la est_fw-la autem_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la fire_n notum_fw-la reges_fw-la angliae_fw-la soli_fw-la deo_fw-la obligari_fw-la &_o teneri_fw-la ex_fw-la ipsius_fw-la regni_fw-la adeptione_n &_o ecclesiae_fw-la cantuariensi_fw-la ex_fw-la coronatione_fw-la but_o that_o king_n john_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o usurper_n be_v 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make_v they_o the_o first_o breacher_n of_o it_o whereas_o you_o may_v find_v that_o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o whole_a convocation_n for_o many_o year_n before_o ever_o those_o divine_n or_o that_o gentleman_n begin_v to_o preach_v or_o write_v upon_o this_o subject_n nor_o be_v these_o the_o only_a man_n who_o maintain_v these_o principle_n but_o archbishop_n usher_n and_o bishop_n sanderson_n who_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o reckon_v among_o your_o flatter_a court_n bishop_n have_v as_o learned_o and_o full_o assert_v those_o doctrine_n you_o so_o much_o condemn_v as_o any_o of_o that_o party_n you_o find_v fault_n with_o and_o have_v very_o well_o prove_v all_o resistance_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n to_o be_v unlawful_a not_o only_o in_o absolute_a but_o limit_a monarchy_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o which_o you_o may_v sufficient_o satisfy_v yourself_o if_o you_o will_v but_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o read_v the_o learned_a and_o elaborate_v treatise_n write_v by_o 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it_o may_v prove_v to_o the_o reform_a religion_n in_o this_o kingdom_n this_o king_n choice_n of_o bishop_n and_o dean_n such_o as_o he_o think_v most_o fit_a for_o his_o turn_n will_v have_v teach_v â—s_a when_o it_o have_v be_v too_o late_o m._n you_o very_o must_v mistake_v i_o sir_n if_o you_o believe_v that_o i_o urge_v the_o authority_n of_o this_o book_n to_o you_o as_o contain_v any_o ecclesiastical_a canon_n which_o i_o grant_v must_v have_v the_o royal_a assent_n but_o whether_o that_o of_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n i_o very_o much_o question_n since_o the_o king_n without_o the_o parliament_n be_v head_n of_o the_o church_n and_o diverse_a canon_n make_v under_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o king_n james_n be_v good_a in_o law_n at_o this_o day_n though_o they_o be_v never_o confirm_v by_o parliament_n but_o i_o only_o urge_v the_o authority_n of_o this_o book_n to_o you_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o these_o doctrine_n be_v more_o ancient_a than_o the_o time_n you_o prescribe_v and_o also_o that_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n hold_v these_o doctrine_n which_o you_o so_o much_o condemn_v long_o before_o those_o court_n bishop_n or_o divine_n you_o mention_n meddle_v with_o this_o controversy_n and_o i_o suppose_v we_o may_v as_o well_o quote_v such_o a_o convocation_n book_n as_o a_o testimony_n of_o their_o sense_n upon_o these_o subject_n as_o we_o do_v the_o french_a helvetian_a or_o any_o other_o protestant_n church_n confession_n of_o faith_n draw_v up_o and_o pass_v in_o synod_n of_o their_o divine_n though_o without_o any_o confirmation_n of_o the_o civil_a power_n f._n if_o you_o urge_v this_o convocation_n book_n only_o as_o a_o testimony_n and_o not_o authority_n i_o shall_v not_o contend_v any_o further_a about_o it_o but_o then_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o that_o if_o the_o canon_n or_o decree_n of_o a_o convocation_n though_o never_o so_o much_o confirm_v by_o king_n and_o parliament_n do_v no_o further_o oblige_v in_o conscience_n than_o as_o they_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n sure_a their_o determination_n without_o any_o such_o authority_n can_v only_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o opinion_n of_o so_o many_o particular_a private_a men._n and_o though_o i_o have_v a_o very_a great_a reverence_n for_o the_o judgement_n of_o so_o many_o learned_a man_n yet_o grant_v those_o doctrine_n you_o mention_v to_o be_v contain_v in_o this_o book_n i_o think_v notwithstanding_o that_o we_o may_v just_o examine_v they_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o reason_n and_o express_v testimony_n of_o scripture_n by_o either_o of_o which_o when_o i_o see_v you_o can_v convince_v i_o of_o the_o falsehood_n of_o my_o tenet_n i_o shall_v count_v myself_o happy_a to_o be_v beâ—â—er_o inform_v but_o as_o for_o those_o treatise_n of_o bishop_n usher_n and_o bishop_n â—anderson_n which_o you_o now_o mention_v i_o must_v needs_o confess_v they_o be_v learned_o and_o elaborate_o write_v and_o though_o i_o be_o against_o rebellion_n as_o much_o as_o any_o man_n and_o do_v believe_v that_o subject_n may_v too_o often_o be_v guilty_a of_o it_o yet_o be_o i_o not_o therefore_o convince_v that_o it_o be_v absolute_o unlawful_a in_o all_o case_n whatsoever_o even_o in_o the_o most_o absolute_a and_o arbitrary_a sort_n of_o civil_a government_n for_o the_o people_n when_o violent_o and_o intolerable_o oppress_v to_o take_v up_o arm_n and_o resist_v such_o unjust_a violence_n or_o to_o join_v with_o any_o foreign_a prince_n who_o will_v be_v so_o generous_a as_o to_o take_v upon_o he_o their_o deliverance_n so_o that_o though_o i_o free_o acknowledge_v that_o those_o good_a bishop_n you_o mention_v be_v very_o pious_a and_o learned_a man_n â—im_a â—hat_n i_o bear_v great_a reverence_n to_o their_o memory_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o i_o must_v oâ—â—_n they_o to_o be_v infallible_a or_o as_o great_a politician_n as_o they_o be_v learned_a divine_n or_o that_o they_o understand_v the_o law_n of_o england_n as_o well_o as_o they_o do_v the_o scripture_n or_o father_n and_o perhaps_o there_o may_v be_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o say_v on_o their_o behalf_n than_o can_v be_v for_o divers_a other_o who_o have_v since_o wekeen_v and_o prâ—â—_n so_o much_o upon_o those_o subject_n for_o if_o you_o please_v to_o consider_v the_o time_n of_o their_o writing_n those_o treatise_n you_o will_v find_v they_o write_v about_o the_o beginning_n or_o middle_n of_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n which_o they_o suppose_v to_o be_v begâ—n_n and_o carry_v on_o contrary_a to_o all_o law_n and_o justice_n under_o the_o pretence_a authority_n of_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n against_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o they_o think_v themselves_o oblige_v to_o write_v very_o high_a for_o the_o prerogative_n
the_o sole_a will_n of_o the_o first_o prince_n in_o which_o the_o people_n have_v no_o hand_n for_o in_o the_o most_o ancient_a monarchy_n 71._o there_o be_v a_o time_n when_o the_o people_n of_o all_o country_n be_v govern_v by_o the_o sole_a will_n of_o their_o prince_n which_o by_o degree_n come_v to_o be_v so_o well_o know_v in_o several_a instance_n that_o inferior_a magistrate_n need_v not_o resort_v to_o they_o in_o those_o case_n and_o the_o people_n be_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n accustom_v to_o such_o usage_n they_o grow_v easy_a and_o familiar_a to_o they_o and_o so_o be_v retain_v though_o the_o memory_n of_o those_o prince_n who_o first_o introduce_v they_o be_v lose_v and_o after_o king_n find_v it_o better_a to_o continue_v what_o be_v so_o receive_v than_o to_o run_v the_o hazard_n and_o trouble_v of_o change_v they_o be_v for_o their_o own_o ease_n and_o the_o good_a of_o their_o subject_n content_v they_o shall_v be_v still_o from_o age_n to_o age_n so_o continue_v which_o custom_n may_v hold_v as_o well_o in_o law_n about_o succession_n as_o other_o thing_n and_o therefore_o we_o find_v that_o even_o in_o those_o monarchy_n where_o the_o people_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v in_o make_v law_n woman_n be_v exclude_v which_o can_v proceed_v at_o first_o from_o nothing_o else_o but_o the_o declare_a will_n or_o law_n of_o the_o first_o monarch_n so_o likewise_o the_o original_a of_o the_o salic_a law_n be_v whole_o ascribe_v to_o pharamont_n the_o first_o french_a king_n and_o mariana_n who_o you_o late_o cite_v tell_v we_o that_o alphonso_n king_n of_o arragon_n make_v a_o law_n that_o where_o heir_n male_a be_v want_v the_o son_n of_o a_o daughter_n shall_v be_v prefer_v before_o the_o aunt_n which_o law_n be_v whole_o attribute_v to_o the_o king_n for_o he_o add_v present_o after_o sic_fw-la saepe_fw-la ad_fw-la regum_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la jura_fw-la regnandi_fw-la commutantur_fw-la f._n grant_v all_o this_o true_a that_o you_o have_v say_v you_o can_v but_o confess_v that_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n have_v establish_v nothing_o in_o this_o matter_n or_o else_o it_o can_v not_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o king_n to_o make_v or_o alter_v law_n concern_v the_o succession_n as_o your_o last_o quotation_n intimate_v they_o may_v yet_o even_o in_o the_o most_o absolute_a monarchy_n the_o law_n about_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n must_v whole_o depend_v upon_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n who_o be_v to_o see_v they_o observe_v or_o else_o every_o monarch_n may_v alter_v these_o law_n of_o succession_n at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o the_o great_a turk_n or_o king_n of_o france_n now_o the_o assembly_n of_o estate_n be_v lose_v may_v leave_v the_o crown_n to_o a_o daughter_n if_o either_o of_o they_o please_v and_o disinherit_v the_o next_o heir_n male._n but_o as_o for_o the_o original_a of_o this_o â—alique_fw-mi law_n in_o france_n you_o will_v find_v yourself_o much_o mistake_v if_o you_o suppose_v that_o that_o law_n be_v make_v by_o the_o sole_a authority_n of_o pharamont_n 1._o for_o the_o ancient_a french_a history_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o body_n of_o salic_a law_n which_o be_v now_o extant_a be_v make_v by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n of_o the_o franc_n who_o commit_v the_o draw_v of_o they_o up_o to_o three_o judge_n or_o commissioner_n and_o which_o law_n pharamont_n do_v only_o confirm_v and_o any_o one_o that_o will_v but_o consult_v those_o history_n may_v see_v that_o king_n be_v so_o far_o from_o have_v the_o sole_a legislative_a power_n in_o their_o own_o hand_n that_o they_o be_v frequent_o elect_v by_o the_o estate_n nor_o be_v it_o true_a that_o you_o suppose_v from_o mariana_n that_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n have_v power_n alone_o to_o make_v law_n it_o appear_v quite_o contrary_a from_o the_o constitution_n of_o that_o kingdom_n where_o the_o king_n can_v do_v nothing_o of_o this_o kind_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n and_o be_v not_o admit_v to_o the_o crown_n without_o take_v a_o oath_n to_o the_o chief_a justice_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o people_n that_o he_o will_v observe_v the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n otherwise_o that_o they_o will_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o obey_v he_o but_o at_o once_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o about_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o son_n or_o descendant_n by_o daughter_n the_o case_n be_v much_o more_o nice_a and_o intricate_a and_o that_o when_o such_o case_n happen_v in_o limit_a monarchy_n where_o there_o be_v a_o assembly_n of_o estate_n 55._o they_o be_v the_o sole_a judge_n of_o such_o difference_n may_v appear_v by_o two_o famous_a example_n in_o modern_a history_n the_o first_o be_v in_o scotland_n about_o four_o hundred_o year_n ago_o l._n when_o after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n alexander_n iii_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n when_o two_o or_o three_o several_a competitor_n claim_v a_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n as_o descend_v from_o several_a daughter_n of_o david_n earl_n of_o huntingdon_n great_a uncle_n to_o the_o last_o king_n the_o chief_z of_o which_o be_v john_n bayliol_n and_o robert_n bâ—uâ—â—_n the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n not_o be_v able_a to_o decide_v it_o they_o agree_v to_o refer_v it_o to_o edward_n i._o king_n of_o england_n who_o adjudge_v the_o crown_n to_o bayliol_n yet_o do_v not_o this_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o great_a controversy_n for_o not_o long_o after_o bayliol_n be_v depose_v bruce_n revive_v his_o title_n and_o the_o state_n of_o scotland_n declare_v he_o king_n who_o posterity_n enjoy_v it_o at_o this_o day_n a_o like_a case_n happen_v in_o the_o last_o age_n in_o portugal_n after_o the_o death_n of_o henry_n surname_v the_o cardinal_n without_o issue_n when_o no_o less_o than_o four_o eminent_a competitor_n put_v in_o their_o claim_n some_o claim_n from_o the_o daughter_n of_o don_n durate_n young_a brother_n to_o the_o last_o king_n henry_n but_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n and_o other_o prince_n as_o son_n to_o the_o sister_n of_o the_o say_a king_n henry_n die_v without_o issue_n hisp._n leave_v ten_o governor_n over_o the_o kingdom_n to_o decide_v together_o with_o the_o estate_n the_o difference_n about_o the_o succession_n who_o quarrel_v among_o themselves_o as_o also_o with_o the_o estate_n before_o it_o be_v decide_v philip_n the_o second_o king_n of_o spain_n raise_v a_o army_n and_o soon_o conquer_v portugal_n and_o yet_o we_o have_v see_v in_o his_o grand_a son_n time_n that_o the_o estate_n of_o portugal_n declare_v this_o title_n void_a and_o the_o crown_n be_v settle_v in_o the_o posterity_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o braganza_n who_o still_o enjoy_v it_o and_o how_o much_o even_a king_n themselves_o have_v attribute_v to_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o estate_n in_o this_o matter_n 59_o appear_v by_o the_o league_n make_v between_o philip_n the_o long_a king_n of_o france_n and_o david_n king_n of_o scot_n long._n wherein_o this_o condition_n be_v express_v that_o if_o there_o shall_v happen_v any_o difference_n about_o the_o succession_n in_o either_o of_o these_o realm_n he_o of_o the_o two_o king_n which_o remain_v alive_a shall_v not_o suffer_v any_o to_o place_n himself_o on_o the_o throne_n but_o he_o who_o shall_v have_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o estate_n on_o his_o side_n and_o then_o he_o shall_v with_o all_o his_o power_n oppose_v he_o who_o will_v after_o this_o contest_v the_o crown_n to_o conclude_v i_o can_v see_v any_o mean_n how_o if_o such_o difference_n as_o these_o have_v arisen_a in_o the_o first_o generation_n after_o adam_n i_o say_v how_o they_o can_v ever_o have_v be_v decide_v without_o a_o civil_a war_n or_o else_o leave_v the_o judgement_n thereof_o to_o the_o head_n or_o father_n of_o family_n that_o be_v then_o in_o be_v which_o how_o much_o it_o will_v have_v differ_v from_o the_o judgement_n or_o declaration_n of_o the_o state_n of_o a_o kingdom_n at_o this_o day_n i_o leave_v it_o to_o yourself_o to_o judge_v m._n i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v myself_o to_o determine_v how_o far_o prince_n may_v tie_v up_o their_o own_o hand_n in_o this_o matter_n of_o the_o succession_n and_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o limit_v or_o determine_v of_o it_o but_o from_o the_o beginning_n it_o be_v not_o so_o and_o therefore_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o trace_v this_o paternal_a government_n a_o little_a far_o 7._o for_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o when_o jacob_n and_o his_o twelve_o son_n go_v into_o egypt_n together_o with_o their_o family_n they_o exercise_v a_o supreme_a patriarchal_a jurisdiction_n which_o be_v intermit_v because_o they_o be_v in_o subjection_n to_o a_o strong_a prince_n yet_o after_o the_o return_n of_o these_o israelite_n out_o of_o bondage_n god_n from_o a_o special_a
they_o that_o by_o shoot_v they_o will_v also_o call_v in_o the_o neighbour_a town_n who_o may_v be_v too_o strong_a for_o all_o their_o fellow_n thief_n now_o if_o you_o will_v but_o take_v these_o honest_a people_n of_o the_o next_o town_n for_o such_o neighbour_a prince_n or_o state_n who_o may_v join_v in_o the_o assistance_n of_o such_o a_o oppress_v people_n this_o simile_n will_v full_o answer_v your_o argument_n of_o those_o neighbour_a prince_n that_o may_v take_v part_n with_o a_o oppress_v tyrant_n and_o as_o for_o the_o consequence_n of_o such_o assistance_n on_o the_o one_o side_n or_o the_o other_o that_o it_o may_v happen_v to_o bring_v they_o into_o a_o worse_a condition_n than_o they_o be_v before_o viz._n a_o subjection_n to_o foreigner_n as_o i_o have_v put_v the_o case_n it_o can_v be_v no_o cause_n to_o detâ—r_v the_o people_n from_o resist_v for_o if_o they_o be_v as_o i_o suppose_v reduce_v to_o a_o condition_n of_o slavery_n before_o and_o have_v lose_v all_o their_o liberty_n and_o property_n how_o can_v we_o imagine_v they_o in_o a_o worse_a case_n than_o they_o be_v already_o and_o it_o be_v all_o one_o to_o such_o a_o people_n whether_o their_o own_o or_o a_o strange_a prince_n do_v tyrannize_v over_o and_o oppress_v they_o nay_o be_v i_o to_o take_v my_o choice_n i_o have_v much_o rather_o be_v tyrannize_v over_o and_o oppress_v by_o a_o foreigner_n than_o from_o my_o own_o natural_a prince_n since_o the_o former_a conâ—ing_n in_o by_o force_n and_o without_o any_o precedent_a promise_n or_o compact_v i_o lie_v whole_o at_o his_o mercy_n who_o have_v no_o obligation_n upon_o he_o &_o i_o have_v much_o rather_o if_o i_o be_v to_o be_v â—_o slave_n be_v so_o to_o a_o stranger_n than_o to_o my_o own_o father_n if_o i_o be_v assure_v that_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o will_v use_v i_o with_o like_a severity_n and_o to_o answer_v your_o instance_n of_o your_o irish_a king_n i_o think_v that_o nation_n have_v be_v so_o far_o from_o lose_v any_o thing_n by_o their_o subjection_n to_o the_o english_a government_n that_o they_o have_v gain_v far_o great_a privilege_n and_o liberty_n both_o for_o their_o person_n and_o estate_n than_o ever_o they_o enjoy_v under_o their_o own_o prince_n so_o that_o they_o be_v rather_o the_o better_a than_o the_o worse_a by_o the_o change_n and_o as_o for_o your_o other_o example_n of_o prince_n lewis_n it_o be_v uncertain_a whether_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n will_v have_v be_v either_o better_a or_o worse_o under_o a_o french_a king_n but_o thus_o much_o i_o be_o sure_a of_o that_o have_v king_n john_n proceed_v in_o that_o tyrannical_a course_n against_o his_o baron_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o subject_n they_o can_v scarce_o have_v be_v in_o a_o worse_a condition_n under_o the_o french_a nay_o the_o moor_n themselves_o haâ—_n king_n john_n actual_o surrender_v his_o crown_n to_o the_o sarracâ—n_a emperor_n as_o the_o historian_n of_o those_o time_n relate_v he_o offer_v to_o do_v nor_o can_v i_o be_v of_o your_o opinion_n that_o iâ—_n have_v be_v much_o better_a for_o the_o baron_n and_o nobility_n of_o this_o kingdom_n never_o to_o have_v stir_v or_o resist_v the_o king_n at_o all_o since_o if_o they_o have_v not_o they_o have_v never_o obtain_v the_o great_a charter_n of_o our_o liberty_n from_o he_o and_o if_o they_o have_v not_o as_o vigorous_o defend_v it_o when_o they_o have_v once_o get_v it_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o the_o people_n of_o england_n have_v be_v long_o before_o this_o time_n in_o the_o same_o condition_n at_o to_o their_o liberty_n and_o property_n as_o some_o of_o our_o neighbour_a nation_n all_o which_o be_v sufficient_a i_o think_v to_o prove_v that_o resistance_n in_o desperate_a and_o unavoidable_a case_n be_v not_o attend_v with_o those_o mischief_n and_o inconvenience_n you_o suppose_v m._n i_o shall_v not_o say_v much_o more_o in_o answer_n to_o your_o lose_a discourse_n since_o it_o will_v be_v to_o little_a purpose_n but_o only_o take_v notice_n that_o simile_n be_v not_o argument_n and_o therefore_o your_o comparison_n between_o thief_n and_o honest_a man_n do_v not_o hold_v as_o to_o prince_n and_o subject_n since_o sure_a there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n between_o those_o that_o be_v to_o be_v obey_v as_o the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n and_o those_o who_o be_v oblige_v in_o conscience_n to_o be_v subject_a to_o they_o and_o thief_n who_o act_n direct_o contrary_a to_o god_n will_v and_o honest_a man_n who_o have_v no_o obligation_n to_o they_o may_v just_o resist_v they_o so_o that_o if_o that_o be_v false_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o comparison_n will_v signify_v nothing_o and_o as_o for_o what_o you_o say_v concern_v magna_fw-la charta_fw-la i_o think_v it_o be_v not_o much_o for_o its_o credit_n to_o have_v be_v extort_a by_o force_n and_o afterward_o defend_v by_o rebellion_n though_o i_o will_v not_o go_v about_o to_o impeach_v the_o validity_n of_o it_o since_o so_o many_o of_o our_o succeed_v king_n have_v so_o solemn_o and_o voluntary_o confirm_v it_o only_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o it_o be_v whole_o derive_v from_o the_o grace_n and_o bounty_n of_o our_o monarch_n and_o therefore_o we_o be_v not_o to_o resist_v though_o it_o may_v happen_v to_o be_v sometime_o and_o in_o some_o particular_a case_n break_v and_o infringe_v by_o the_o king_n for_o some_o great_a occasion_n or_o necessity_n of_o which_o we_o be_v not_o competent_a judge_n but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o those_o evil_a consequence_n that_o may_v attend_v your_o doctrine_n of_o resistance_n i_o think_v the_o benefit_n will_v be_v much_o great_a to_o the_o people_n by_o strict_o adhere_v to_o those_o doctrine_n of_o absolute_a subjection_n and_o nonresistance_n than_o by_o propagate_a you_o of_o rebellion_n for_o if_o the_o former_a be_v constant_o teach_v and_o inculcate_v as_o most_o beneficial_a for_o they_o and_o if_o they_o be_v once_o real_o persuade_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o and_o will_v both_o constant_o profess_v and_o practice_v it_o it_o will_v make_v all_o prince_n much_o more_o gentle_a and_o mild_a to_o their_o subject_n than_o otherwise_o at_o some_o time_n they_o be_v for_o now_o they_o be_v still_o fearful_a that_o they_o will_v take_v the_o first_o opportunity_n they_o can_v to_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o they_o and_o upon_o the_o least_o grievance_n or_o misgovernment_n to_o resist_v their_o authority_n for_o then_o prince_n not_o need_v to_o keep_v any_o such_o constant_a guard_n and_o stand_v army_n may_v afford_v to_o lay_v much_o easy_a tax_n and_o imposition_n upon_o they_o for_o the_o maintenance_n and_o support_v of_o the_o government_n than_o now_o they_o do_v and_o in_o short_a will_v have_v much_o few_o temptation_n to_o tyranny_n and_o oppression_n can_v they_o be_v once_o assure_v of_o their_o subject_n absolute_a obedience_n and_o subjection_n whereas_o when_o they_o be_v under_o those_o constant_a fear_n and_o suspicion_n of_o insurrection_n and_o rebellion_n against_o they_o upon_o the_o least_o occasion_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o they_o be_v tempt_v sometime_o to_o abuse_v this_o power_n for_o their_o own_o security_n and_o therefore_o we_o read_v in_o our_o history_n that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n never_o think_v himself_o secure_a from_o the_o english_a who_o he_o have_v new_o conquer_a till_o such_o time_n as_o he_o have_v turn_v most_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n out_o of_o their_o office_n and_o estate_n lest_o they_o shall_v have_v any_o power_n leave_v either_o in_o his_o life_n time_n or_o after_o his_o death_n to_o turn_v he_o or_o his_o posterity_n out_o of_o the_o throne_n as_o they_o do_v the_o heir_n of_o the_o danish_a king_n cnute_n who_o with_o his_o dane_n have_v before_o conquer_a england_n as_o king_n william_n do_v afterward_o with_o his_o norman_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o much_o more_o to_o conduce_v to_o the_o main_a design_n of_o civil_a government_n viz._n the_o happiness_n and_o peace_n of_o mankind_n in_o general_n that_o prince_n and_o other_o supreme_a magistrate_n shall_v be_v suffer_v i_o will_v not_o say_v authorize_v by_o god_n sometime_o to_o abuse_v their_o power_n to_o the_o general_a oppression_n and_o enslave_v of_o the_o people_n without_o any_o resistance_n on_o their_o side_n expect_v their_o deliverance_n whole_o from_o he_o who_o can_v bring_v it_o about_o in_o his_o good_a time_n and_o by_o such_o mean_n as_o shall_v seem_v most_o meet_a to_o he_o than_o that_o subject_n shall_v take_v upon_o they_o to_o be_v both_o judge_n and_o executioner_n too_o in_o their_o own_o case_n and_o thereby_o introduce_v not_o only_o all_o the_o mischief_n of_o civil_a war_n and_o all_o those_o cruel_a revenge_n which_o the_o wrath_n
absolute_a or_o tyrannical_a soever_o the_o power_n be_v under_o which_o they_o live_v that_o they_o be_v safe_a in_o god_n hand_n and_o all_o the_o power_n of_o man_n and_o devil_n can_v touch_v they_o till_o god_n by_o a_o positive_a decree_n appoint_v and_o order_n their_o suffering_n there_o can_v not_o be_v great_a nor_o more_o absolute_a tyrant_n than_o the_o roman_a emperor_n be_v at_o this_o time_n and_o yet_o they_o have_v no_o power_n over_o the_o mean_a christian_n but_o by_o a_o express_a commission_n from_o heaven_n this_o be_v the_o special_a privilege_n of_o the_o christian_a church_n above_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n that_o they_o be_v god_n peculiar_a care_n and_o charge_n that_o he_o do_v not_o permit_v any_o suffering_n or_o persecution_n to_o befall_v they_o but_o what_o he_o himself_o order_v and_o appoint_v it_o be_v a_o great_a security_n to_o the_o world_n that_o there_o be_v no_o evil_n happen_v to_o man_n but_o what_o god_n permit_v and_o that_o he_o permit_v nothing_o but_o what_o he_o can_v over-rule_v to_o wise_a and_o good_a end_n but_o it_o be_v a_o great_a happiness_n to_o have_v our_o condition_n immediate_o allot_v by_o god_n god_n may_v permit_v a_o great_a many_o evil_n to_o befall_v we_o in_o anger_n and_o displeasure_n but_o when_o he_o take_v we_o into_o his_o immediate_a protection_n and_o under_o his_o own_o government_n whatever_o evil_n he_o appoint_v for_o we_o whoever_o be_v the_o instrument_n of_o they_o they_o be_v certain_o for_o our_o good_a and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o such_o danger_n in_o the_o doctrine_n of_o nonresistance_n 90._o as_o some_o man_n imagine_v how_o absolute_a soever_o this_o may_v be_v think_v to_o render_v prince_n sincere_a christian_n can_v suffer_v nothing_o by_o it_o for_o they_o shall_v suffer_v nothing_o more_o nor_o less_o than_o what_o god_n appoint_v for_o they_o to_o suffer_v but_o as_o for_o the_o absurdity_n you_o think_v you_o have_v bring_v i_o to_o by_o grant_v that_o no_o man_n want_v authority_n to_o defend_v his_o own_o life_n against_o he_o who_o have_v no_o authority_n to_o take_v it_o away_o that_o do_v not_o extend_v to_o supreme_a power_n since_o though_o i_o grant_v they_o have_v no_o authority_n to_o take_v away_o man_n life_n contrary_a to_o law_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o we_o may_v resist_v and_o oppose_v they_o if_o they_o do_v this_o i_o absolute_o deny_v because_o god_n have_v express_o command_v we_o not_o to_o resist_v they_o 190.191_o and_o i_o see_v no_o inconsistency_n between_o these_o two_o proposition_n that_o a_o prince_n have_v no_o legal_a authority_n to_o take_v away_o man_n life_n against_o law_n and_o yet_o that_o he_o must_v not_o be_v resist_v when_o he_o do_v so_o for_o both_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o of_o our_o country_n suppose_v these_o two_o to_o be_v very_o consistent_a f._n to_o answer_v this_o long_a speech_n of_o you_o the_o best_a way_n may_v be_v to_o show_v you_o first_o how_o far_o i_o agree_v with_o you_o and_o wherein_o i_o must_v differ_v from_o you_o and_o i_o will_v also_o tell_v you_o what_o reason_n i_o have_v for_o it_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o grant_v that_o though_o our_o saviour_n be_v indeed_o the_o messiah_n and_o true_a king_n of_o the_o jew_n yet_o be_v he_o not_o such_o a_o messiah_n as_o they_o expect_v nor_o be_v he_o to_o have_v a_o temporal_a but_o spiritual_a dominion_n and_o therefore_o will_v not_o be_v such_o a_o king_n though_o the_o jew_n will_v have_v make_v he_o so_o i_o likewise_o yield_v that_o christ_n submit_v to_o the_o most_o unjust_a sentence_n and_o to_o the_o most_o ignominious_a and_o painful_a death_n rather_o than_o he_o will_v resist_v the_o high_a power_n though_o he_o can_v easy_o have_v call_v for_o legion_n of_o angel_n to_o his_o rescue_n as_o also_o that_o he_o rebuke_v peter_n when_o he_o draw_v his_o sword_n in_o his_o defence_n and_o tell_v pilate_n the_o reason_n why_o he_o be_v so_o easy_o apprehend_v and_o without_o any_o resistance_n oâ—_n opposition_n my_o kingdom_n say_v he_o be_v not_o of_o this_o world_n if_o my_o kingdom_n be_v of_o this_o world_n then_o will_v my_o servant_n fight_v that_o i_o shall_v not_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o jew_n but_o now_o be_v my_o kingdom_n not_o from_o hence_o all_o which_o plain_o show_v that_o our_o saviour_n subjection_n be_v no_o matter_n of_o force_n or_o constraint_n because_o he_o want_v power_n to_o resist_v but_o it_o be_v matter_n of_o choice_n that_o which_o be_v most_o suitable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o his_o kingdom_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v propagate_v by_o carnal_a weapon_n but_o by_o suffering_n yet_o though_o it_o may_v not_o be_v propagate_v sure_o it_o may_v be_v defend_v by_o force_n in_o some_o case_n as_o if_o we_o be_v invade_v by_o a_o foreign_a power_n who_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o religion_n and_o also_o in_o those_o kingdom_n or_o commonwealth_n where_o christianity_n or_o the_o true_a profession_n of_o the_o gospel_n be_v establish_v by_o law_n and_o make_v a_o part_n not_o only_o of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a but_o civil_a constitution_n of_o a_o nation_n in_o these_o case_n if_o thoâ—e_v who_o pretend_v to_o the_o sole_a legislative_a power_n but_o have_v it_o not_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o alter_v the_o national_a religion_n by_o force_n and_o put_v man_n to_o death_n contrary_a to_o the_o former_a law_n and_o constitution_n of_o that_o kingdom_n i_o think_v such_o illegal_a power_n may_v lawful_o be_v resist_v by_o the_o people_n they_o have_v as_o much_o right_n to_o the_o free_a exercise_n and_o enjoyment_n of_o their_o establish_a religion_n as_o they_o have_v to_o their_o liberty_n property_n or_o any_o other_o civil_a right_n since_o by_o this_o legal_a establishment_n religion_n become_v a_o part_n of_o the_o civil_a constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o so_o may_v be_v maintain_v by_o the_o same_o mean_n as_o other_o right_n 2_o dly_z i_o grant_v that_o in_o all_o other_o case_n our_o saviour_n have_v so_o far_o propose_v his_o suffering_n to_o we_o for_o our_o imitation_n as_o we_o be_v engage_v by_o our_o baptismal_a vow_n to_o suffer_v in_o the_o same_o cause_n for_o which_o he_o himself_o suffer_v that_o be_v for_o the_o bear_a witness_n that_o jesus_n be_v the_o christ_n or_o true_a messiah_n and_o son_n of_o god_n and_o this_o the_o apostle_n call_v speak_v of_o christ_n himself_n the_o witness_v before_o pontius_n pilate_n a_o good_a confession_n the_o like_a i_o also_o hold_v of_o all_o such_o truth_n as_o be_v the_o necessary_a consequence_n of_o this_o great_a doctrine_n 3_o dly_z i_o far_o grant_v that_o when_o our_o god_n call_v any_o person_n to_o suffer_v for_o the_o testimony_n of_o his_o truth_n by_o the_o cruelty_n of_o those_o who_o be_v the_o supreme_a power_n as_o the_o apostle_n and_o primitive_a christian_n be_v by_o a_o particular_a providence_n that_o then_o those_o power_n be_v not_o to_o be_v resist_v but_o patient_o submit_v to_o by_o christian_n at_o this_o day_n whenever_o it_o prove_v necessary_a for_o the_o same_o great_a end_n for_o which_o christ_n at_o first_o enjoin_v it_o viz._n for_o bear_v witness_n to_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o gospel_n and_o for_o the_o further_a propagation_n thereof_o by_o our_o constant_a suffering_n and_o example_n according_a to_o that_o say_n of_o the_o primitive_a father_n sanguis_fw-la martyrum_fw-la semen_fw-mi ecclesiae_fw-la yet_o be_v not_o this_o absolute_a submission_n to_o the_o supreme_a power_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o that_o deliver_v to_o moses_n but_o if_o at_o all_o pure_o from_o the_o express_a example_n of_o christ_n so_o that_o all_o the_o difficulty_n lie_v in_o discover_v when_o we_o be_v thus_o call_v by_o our_o saviour_n to_o suffer_v and_o bear_v witness_n to_o the_o truth_n though_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o our_o life_n and_o all_o that_o be_v dear_a to_o we_o and_o therefore_o if_o i_o shall_v grant_v that_o when_o ever_o we_o lie_v under_o the_o same_o circumstance_n of_o give_v this_o testimony_n as_o the_o primitive_a christian_n then_o do_v and_o that_o it_o may_v serve_v as_o much_o for_o the_o same_o end_v design_v by_o god_n thereby_o we_o be_v also_o under_o the_o same_o obligation_n otherwise_o i_o think_v we_o be_v lawful_o discharge_v from_o it_o as_o for_o example_n suppose_v the_o king_n shall_v instead_o of_o a_o papist_n have_v turn_v mahometan_n and_o to_o propagate_v or_o set_v up_o his_o own_o abominable_a superstition_n here_o shall_v have_v send_v for_o from_o turkey_n or_o morocco_n a_o great_a army_n of_o turk_n or_o moor_n and_o by_o they_o will_v force_v all_o the_o christian_n in_o england_n to_o turn_v mahometan_n by_o the_o same_o method_n of_o dragoon_a man_n and_o
bind_v their_o conscience_n as_o firm_o as_o any_o civil_a law_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o observe_v they_o and_o exercise_v their_o sovereign_a power_n within_o those_o limit_n which_o they_o set_v and_o prescribe_v for_o whether_o they_o have_v their_o supreme_a power_n from_o goâ—_n as_o we_o say_v or_o from_o the_o people_n as_o you_o allege_v it_o it_o be_v all_o one_o as_o to_o this_o matter_n for_o they_o can_v have_v no_o right_n neither_o from_o god_n nor_o the_o people_n to_o make_v unjust_a and_o tyrannical_a law_n and_o this_o political_a limitation_n of_o their_o power_n in_o the_o exercise_n of_o it_o do_v no_o more_o destroy_v the_o essence_n thereof_o than_o its_o flow_a in_o pipe_n or_o channel_n destroy_v the_o essence_n of_o a_o spring_n since_o it_o be_v still_o the_o same_o whether_o it_o run_v confine_v through_o pipe_n or_o flow_v free_a and_o unconfined_a through_o the_o open_a field_n the_o application_n be_v obvious_a but_o as_o for_o the_o precedent_a word_n in_o this_o place_n of_o braâ—ton_n which_o seem_v to_o intimate_v that_o the_o king_n owâ—_n his_o authority_n to_o the_o law_n he_o there_o only_o mean_v the_o king_n in_o opposition_n or_o contradiction_n to_o a_o tyrant_n who_o make_v his_o will_n his_o law_n according_a to_o that_o of_o chancellor_n forâ—escue_n rex_fw-la est_fw-la ubi_fw-la bene_fw-la regit_fw-la tyrannus_n dum_fw-la populum_fw-la sibi_fw-la orediâ—um_fw-la violentâ_fw-la opprimiâ—_n dominatione_fw-la quod_fw-la hoc_fw-la sanxit_fw-la lex_fw-la humana_fw-la quod_fw-la leges_fw-la ligant_fw-la suum_fw-la latorem_fw-la where_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o this_o author_n make_v a_o king_n govern_v well_o i._n e._n according_a to_o law_n a_o mark_n of_o distinction_n from_o a_o tyrant_n who_o oppress_v his_o subject_n by_o a_o violent_a domineer_a over_o they_o and_o though_o he_o here_o suppose_v the_o king_n to_o be_v oblige_v by_o the_o law_n yet_o that_o this_o obligation_n be_v only_o moral_a appear_v by_o what_o immediate_o follow_v when_o he_o say_v the_o law_n do_v oblige_v their_o legislator_n now_o if_o the_o king_n be_v the_o sole_a legislator_n as_o he_o here_o seem_v to_o intimate_v he_o must_v also_o be_v the_o sole_a supreme_a power_n and_o if_o so_o can_v be_v accountable_a to_o or_o under_o the_o coercion_n of_o any_o superior_a power_n for_o than_o he_o will_v not_o be_v supreme_a as_o you_o yourself_o have_v grant_v long_o since_o f._n since_o you_o be_v not_o willing_a to_o enter_v upon_o that_o ancient_a power_n which_o you_o can_v deny_v but_o the_o great_a council_n former_o have_v of_o put_v a_o bridle_n upon_o the_o king_n and_o restrain_v his_o action_n in_o case_n he_o invade_v the_o right_n or_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n i_o shall_v not_o â—â—sist_v far_o upon_o it_o now_o for_o the_o reason_n you_o have_v give_v only_o i_o must_v make_v bold_a to_o tell_v you_o thus_o much_o that_o if_o they_o have_v not_o a_o power_n of_o defend_v their_o just_a right_n if_o forcible_o invade_v by_o the_o king_n it_o will_v be_v all_o one_o as_o if_o they_o have_v none_o at_o all_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o what_o you_o have_v say_v concern_v the_o limitation_n of_o the_o exercise_n of_o sovereign_a power_n that_o it_o do_v not_o derogate_v from_o the_o absoluteness_n of_o the_o power_n itself_o be_v very_o true_a in_o all_o such_o limitation_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o intrinsic_a nature_n and_o perfection_n of_o the_o be_v in_o which_o it_o reside_v as_o in_o your_o example_n of_o god_n infinite_a power_n be_v limit_v by_o his_o other_o attribute_n so_o likewise_o all_o human_a power_n i_o own_o be_v limit_v by_o the_o reveal_v law_n of_o god_n or_o those_o of_o nature_n but_o as_o to_o positive_a law_n you_o yourself_o assert_v that_o absolute_a monarch_n be_v only_o oblige_v by_o they_o as_o long_o as_o they_o please_v and_o consequent_o that_o they_o may_v alter_v they_o or_o derogate_v from_o they_o as_o oft_o as_o they_o think_v good_a as_o the_o roman_a emperor_n can_v revoke_v any_o privilege_n or_o immunity_n they_o have_v former_o grant_v to_o particular_a person_n city_n nay_o to_o tributary_n king_n or_o commonwealth_n and_o all_o this_o very_o just_o because_o as_o all_o such_o grant_n be_v make_v only_o for_o the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o empire_n so_o they_o be_v the_o sole_a judge_n thereof_o when_o ever_o they_o find_v such_o confession_n to_o prove_v prejudicial_a to_o it_o they_o may_v just_o alter_v or_o revoke_v they_o now_o if_o the_o power_n of_o our_o king_n be_v as_o absolute_o sovereign_a as_o that_o of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n and_o only_o limit_v by_o their_o own_o free_a grant_n or_o condescension_n to_o the_o people_n and_o not_o from_o any_o power_n ab_fw-la extra_fw-la such_o grant_n or_o condescension_n though_o never_o so_o solemn_o pass_v into_o law_n in_o the_o parliament_n or_o assembly_n of_o the_o state_n be_v still_o no_o more_o than_o positive_a law_n and_o then_o if_o the_o king_n be_v the_o sole_a sovereign_a power_n unlimited_a by_o any_o thing_n ab_fw-la extra_fw-la how_o can_v he_o so_o tie_v up_o his_o own_o hand_n as_o that_o he_o may_v not_o break_v or_o rescind_v all_o those_o concession_n he_o have_v make_v and_o those_o limitation_n which_o he_o have_v put_v upon_o himself_o if_o he_o think_v or_o declare_v it_o be_v for_o the_o better_a benefit_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n so_o to_o do_v i_o can_v comprehend_v if_o he_o be_v by_o the_o original_a constitution_n the_o sole_a lawmaker_n and_o judge_n of_o what_o be_v for_o the_o public_a good_a much_o less_o can_v i_o understand_v how_o he_o can_v oblige_v his_o successor_n who_o must_v still_o be_v suppose_v as_o absolute_a monarch_n as_o himself_o to_o observe_v they_o and_o therefore_o if_o all_o our_o civil_a right_n and_o liberty_n be_v no_o other_o than_o what_o you_o will_v have_v they_o the_o free_a condescension_n or_o self-limitations_a of_o sovereign_a power_n i_o desire_v you_o will_v show_v i_o what_o security_n we_o can_v have_v for_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o they_o long_o than_o the_o king_n please_v for_o it_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o when_o ever_o he_o shall_v fancy_v the_o liberty_n and_o property_n of_o the_o subject_n both_o which_o you_o suppose_v be_v derive_v from_o he_o to_o be_v injurious_a to_o or_o inconsistent_a with_o his_o prerogative_n or_o sovereign_a power_n he_o may_v lawful_o disannul_v or_o revoke_v they_o and_o in_o what_o case_n we_o then_o shall_v be_v consider_v how_o thing_n have_v like_a to_o have_v go_v late_o i_o leave_v any_o indifferent_a man_n to_o judge_n nor_o be_v your_o interpretation_n of_o bracton_n word_n lex_fw-la facit_fw-la regem_fw-la etc._n etc._n any_o more_o than_o a_o absolute_a wrest_v of_o they_o from_o their_o true_a meaning_n which_o be_v not_o as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o to_o distinguish_v a_o king_n that_o govern_v by_o law_n from_o a_o tyrant_n that_o make_v his_o will_n his_o law_n for_o every_o absolute_a monarch_n that_o do_v so_o be_v not_o a_o tyrant_n provide_v he_o direct_v his_o action_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n as_o you_o yourself_o assert_v and_o a_o prince_n may_v as_o well_o govern_v thus_o as_o the_o great_a turk_n czar_n of_o muscovy_n and_o all_o the_o eastern_a monarch_n do_v at_o this_o day_n who_o be_v not_o count_v tyrant_n in_o so_o do_v but_o certain_o you_o will_v say_v that_o he_o will_v make_v a_o very_a scurvy_a english_a king_n who_o will_v observe_v no_o other_o rule_n nor_o do_v you_o less_o wrest_v fortescue_n word_n when_o you_o render_v they_o rex_fw-la est_fw-la ubi_fw-la bene_fw-la regit_fw-la tyrannus_n etc._n etc._n suppose_v the_o meaning_n of_o it_o to_o be_v that_o this_o author_n make_v a_o king_n govern_v that_o be_v say_v you_o according_a to_o law_n the_o only_a thing_n to_o distinguish_v he_o from_o a_o tyrant_n etc._n etc._n whereas_o he_o say_v no_o such_o matter_n but_o only_a rex_fw-la est_fw-la ubi_fw-la bene_fw-la regit_fw-la which_o he_o may_v do_v without_o any_o set_a law_n as_o well_o as_o with_o they_o as_o the_o first_o king_n you_o suppose_v do_v before_o they_o be_v limit_v by_o law_n but_o as_o for_o fortescue_n suppose_v the_o king_n to_o be_v the_o sole_a legislator_n that_o word_n sole_a be_v of_o your_o own_o addition_n for_o if_o he_o have_v say_v so_o he_o will_v have_v contradict_v himself_o as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o present_o it_o be_v true_a the_o king_n have_v a_o great_a share_n in_o the_o legislative_a yet_o have_v he_o two_o other_o body_n to_o join_v with_o he_o by_o a_o concurrent_a or_o cooperative_a power_n in_o it_o and_o i_o think_v i_o have_v all_o the_o ancient_a lawyer_n of_o england_n on_o my_o side_n to_o begin_v therefore_o with_o ranulph_n de_fw-fr gâ—anville_n who_o be_v chief_a justicear_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o
mr._n lambard_n i_o ina_n by_o or_o with_o god_n gift_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n with_o the_o advice_n or_o council_n of_o cenred_n my_o father_n and_o head_n my_o bishop_n and_o ercenwold_n my_o bishop_n and_o with_o my_o alderman_n and_o elder_a wites_z or_o wiseman_n of_o my_o kingdom_n do_v command_v etc._n etc._n then_o in_o the_o first_o chapter_n the_o king_n speak_v in_o the_o first_o person_n plural_a we_o bid_v or_o command_v that_o all_o our_o people_n shall_v after_o hold_v fast_o or_o observe_v these_o law_n and_o doom_n from_o this_o preface_n you_o may_v observe_v i._o that_o king_n be_v the_o gift_n of_o god_n and_o that_o god_n gift_n signify_v the_o same_o with_o dei_fw-la gratia_n they_o be_v not_o the_o creature_n of_o the_o people_n 2._o that_o prince_n or_o the_o better_a government_n of_o their_o people_n in_o the_o settle_v of_o law_n in_o church_n and_o state_n do_v then_o consult_v deliberate_a and_o advise_v with_o their_o bishop_n noblemen_z and_o 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law_n he_o please_v the_o next_o material_a illustration_n where_o the_o legislative_a power_n then_o reside_v may_v be_v find_v in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o elder_a where_o after_o the_o charge_v give_v to_o the_o judge_n the_o first_o law_n begin_v i_o will_v and_o so_o in_o other_o in_o the_o four_o it_o be_v thus_o express_v edward_n the_o king_n with_o his_o wit_n that_o be_v at_o exeter_n strict_o enquire_v by_o what_o mean_v it_o may_v be_v better_o provide_v for_o peace_n and_o tranquillity_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o 2d_o and_o 3d._n chap._n it_o be_v we_o also_o declare_v pronounce_v or_o sentence_n and_o in_o the_o seven_o and_o i_o will_n in_o which_o law_n we_o have_v none_o mention_v with_o the_o king_n but_o his_o wit_n and_o his_o command_v will_v or_o pronounce_v in_o the_o imperative_a mood_n be_v observable_a the_o next_o law_n i_o find_v 396._o be_v those_o of_o king_n athelstan_n which_o begin_v thus_o i_o athelstan_n king_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o 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the_o counsel_n and_o consent_n as_o well_o of_o the_o prelate_n as_o the_o temporal_a lord_n be_v account_v necessary_a in_o pass_v of_o all_o act_n of_o grace_n and_o favour_n to_o the_o people_n because_o that_o have_v many_o royalty_n and_o large_a immunity_n of_o their_o own_o a_o more_o near_a relation_n to_o the_o person_n and_o a_o great_a interest_n in_o the_o honour_n of_o their_o lord_n the_o king_n nothing_o shall_v pass_v unto_o the_o prejudice_n and_o diminution_n of_o their_o own_o estate_n or_o the_o disable_n of_o the_o king_n to_o support_v his_o sovereignty_n f._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v give_v a_o plausible_a account_n concern_v the_o government_n of_o william_n i._n who_o you_o call_v the_o conqueror_n whereas_o if_o it_o be_v more_o exact_o look_v into_o it_o will_v be_v find_v that_o he_o have_v no_o more_o power_n of_o make_v law_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o great_a council_n than_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n neither_o have_v he_o any_o such_o 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plain_o show_v we_o and_o when_o king_n william_n make_v law_n it_o be_v much_o to_o be_v doubt_v whether_o he_o make_v they_o so_o much_o as_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o great_a council_n or_o not_o for_o the_o title_n to_o the_o french_a and_o latin_a copy_n of_o his_o law_n run_v thus_o put_v into_o english_a 206._o these_o be_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n which_o william_n the_o king_n grant_v to_o all_o his_o people_n of_o england_n after_o the_o conquest_n or_o subdue_a of_o the_o land_n they_o be_v the_o same_o which_o edward_n the_o king_n his_o kinsman_n before_o he_o observe_v in_o this_o preface_n we_o have_v only_o to_o note_n that_o the_o law_n be_v express_o say_v to_o be_v the_o king_n grant_n and_o the_o supplemental_a law_n write_v in_o the_o red_a book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n be_v by_o way_n of_o charter_n or_o grant_v thus_o wilhelmus_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n omnibus_fw-la hominibus_fw-la suis_fw-la francis_n &_o anglis_fw-la salutem_fw-la
and_o all_o along_o the_o authoritative_a part_n be_v express_v by_o statuimus_fw-la volumus_fw-la interdicimus_fw-la probibemus_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la so_o that_o by_o these_o expression_n in_o his_o law_n the_o absolute_a sovereignty_n of_o the_o conqueror_n in_o the_o point_n of_o law-giving_a be_v manifest_a i_o shall_v content_v myself_o with_o a_o very_a few_o authority_n because_o the_o matter_n be_v so_o plain_a ordoricus_n vitalis_n say_v thus_o eamque_fw-la i._n e._n england_n gulielmus_fw-la rex_fw-la suis_fw-la legibus_fw-la commodò_fw-la subegit_fw-la 853._o and_o eadmâ—r_o contemporary_a with_o the_o conqueror_n in_o his_o history_n thus_o 6._o usus_fw-la atque_fw-la leges_fw-la quas_fw-la patres_fw-la svi_fw-la &_o ipse_fw-la in_o normannia_n solebâ—nt_fw-la in_fw-it anglia_fw-it scribere_fw-la volens_fw-la cuncta_fw-la divina_fw-la simul_fw-la &_o humana_fw-la ejus_fw-la nutum_fw-la expectabant_fw-la from_o whence_o you_o may_v see_v that_o all_o matter_n as_o well_o 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grant_n and_o authority_n though_o i_o confess_v it_o be_v grant_v in_o a_o great_a council_n so_o likewise_o in_o florence_n of_o worcester_n we_o find_v that_o in_o 28_o the_o of_o hen._n i._n that_o king_n confirm_v the_o act_n of_o a_o synod_n or_o council_n of_o the_o clergy_n of_o the_o province_n of_o canterbury_n 503._o and_o give_v his_o royal_a assent_n to_o they_o as_o for_o king_n stephen_n though_o he_o be_v a_o notorious_a usurper_n and_o set_v up_o 215._o and_o crown_v by_o a_o faction_n of_o bishop_n and_o some_o few_o temporal_a lord_n and_o that_o not_o long_o after_o his_o coronation_n he_o in_o a_o great_a council_n at_o oxford_n grant_v to_o all_o his_o subject_n another_o charter_n of_o divers_a privilege_n and_o freedom_n from_o the_o former_a exaction_n yet_o the_o word_n of_o the_o charter_n be_v in_o his_o own_o name_n and_o by_o his_o own_o authority_n sole_o as_o appear_v by_o these_o word_n observari_fw-la praecipio_fw-la &_o constituo_fw-la but_o richard_n prior_n of_o hexham_n alias_o hagulstad_v in_o his_o chronicle_n close_v his_o charter_n thus_o 1136._o haec_fw-la omne_fw-la concedo_fw-la &_o confirmo_fw-la salva_fw-la regius_fw-la &_o justa_fw-la dignitate_fw-la mea_fw-la from_o which_o word_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o he_o never_o mean_v to_o part_v with_o any_o of_o the_o just_a and_o necessary_a prerogative_n of_o his_o crown_n 54._o so_o likewise_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o in_o a_o great_a or_o general_a council_n hold_v at_o london_n confirm_v the_o great_a charter_n grant_v by_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o his_o grandfather_n but_o this_o charter_n also_o run_v whole_o in_o the_o king_n be_v own_o name_n without_o any_o mention_n of_o its_o be_v assent_v to_o either_o by_o the_o bishop_n or_o noble_n and_o as_o for_o the_o constitution_n make_v at_o the_o great_a council_n of_o clarendon_n though_o that_o king_n make_v the_o archbishop_n bishop_n with_o all_o the_o clergy_n as_o also_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o 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constiâ—uit_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o they_o be_v in_o this_o historian_n show_v that_o the_o king_n then_o have_v sole_o the_o authoritative_a power_n of_o pass_v all_o consultation_n of_o these_o council_n into_o bind_a law_n even_o where_o money_n be_v to_o be_v levy_v on_o the_o subject_n and_o that_o seizure_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o their_o estate_n but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o more_o troublesome_a and_o perplex_a reign_n of_o king_n john_n in_o which_o there_o be_v many_o great_a council_n hold_v yet_o i_o shall_v instance_n but_o in_o some_o few_o of_o they_o mention_v in_o mat._n paris_n 201._o as_o that_o of_o st._n alban_n hold_v by_o jeffery_n fitzpeter_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n in_o this_o king_n absence_n where_o ex_fw-la parte_fw-la regis_fw-la it_o be_v firm_o enjoin_v under_o penalty_n of_o life_n and_o limb_n that_o the_o law_n of_o king_n henry_n his_o grandfather_n shall_v be_v keep_v by_o all_o in_o his_o kingdom_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v 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the_o people_n be_v draw_v into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o charter_n and_o pass_v under_o the_o king_n seal_n as_o his_o mere_a voluntary_a free_a grant_n and_o concession_n without_o their_o vote_n suffrage_n and_o authority_n and_o sometime_o such_o right_n or_o liberty_n have_v be_v bestow_v and_o declare_v by_o our_o king_n by_o way_n of_o answer_n to_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o and_o that_o this_o custom_n be_v not_o yet_o discontinue_v appear_v by_o the_o answer_n of_o k._n charles_n the_o first_o to_o the_o petition_n of_o right_n when_o no_o other_o answer_n will_v please_v the_o commons_o but_o the_o king_n be_v express_v assent_n to_o their_o petition_n in_o these_o word_n sole_a droâ—â—t_a faict_n comme_fw-fr esâ—_n desire_v but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o f._n i_o beseech_v you_o sir_n give_v i_o leave_v now_o to_o answer_v what_o you_o have_v already_o allege_v out_o of_o our_o hiâ—â—oâ—iâ—ns_n for_o the_o supreme_a and_o absolute_a power_n of_o our_o king_n before_o we_o proceed_v further_o to_o less_o obscure_a time_n and_o therefore_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o you_o have_v in_o this_o long_a speech_n of_o you_o make_v use_v of_o all_o the_o artifice_n of_o a_o advocate_n for_o a_o party_n viz._n in_o urge_v all_o that_o can_v any_o way_n make_v for_o you_o and_o sly_o pass_v over_o whatsoever_o may_v make_v against_o you_o and_o to_o begin_v with_o your_o story_n of_o king_n william_n the_o first_o i_o shall_v not_o now_o dispute_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o englishman_n in_o those_o great_a council_n or_o whether_o they_o consist_v only_o of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la since_o i_o shall_v defer_v that_o question_n till_o anon_o but_o as_o for_o the_o english_a you_o have_v put_v upon_o the_o french_a title_n of_o the_o law_n of_o this_o king_n it_o be_v not_o fair_o render_v for_o in_o the_o french_a it_o be_v apres_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n dâ—_n la_fw-fr â—erre_fw-fr which_o do_v not_o always_o signify_v a_o subdue_a by_o force_n but_o by_o any_o other_o way_n of_o acquisition_n different_a
ordinationes_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la fuit_fw-la mensura_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la composita_fw-la but_o far_a to_o convince_v you_o that_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n and_o those_o learned_a judge_n who_o frame_v the_o writ_n that_o be_v issue_v out_o upon_o any_o of_o these_o ancient_a statute_n you_o will_v find_v that_o they_o who_o live_v in_o those_o very_a time_n believe_v that_o those_o statute_n be_v make_v not_o by_o the_o k._n alone_o but_o by_o he_o and_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o writ_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o register_n of_o writ_n run_v thus_o rex_fw-la vicecom_v etc._n etc._n salut_n si_fw-mi a._n fecerit_fw-la etc._n etc._n tunc_fw-la summonias_fw-la etc._n etc._n b._n quod_fw-la sit_fw-la coram_fw-la justiciarijs_fw-la statuto_fw-la etc._n etc._n ostensuris_fw-la quare_fw-la cum_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la concilio_n regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la angliae_fw-la provisum_fw-la sit_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o writ_n grant_v upon_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la marlbridg_n merton_n gloucester_n etc._n etc._n which_o have_v all_o of_o they_o this_o or_o the_o like_a recital_n cum_fw-la de_fw-la statuto_fw-la or_o juxia_fw-la formam_fw-la statuti_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la concilio_n regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la ang._n inde_fw-la provisi_fw-la the_o like_a instance_n i_o can_v give_v you_o upon_o the_o statute_n of_o marlbridge_n and_o divers_a other_o old_a statute_n in_o which_o the_o king_n by_o the_o statute_n itself_o seem_v only_o to_o have_v enact_v it_o and_o yet_o you_o may_v see_v that_o our_o sage_n of_o the_o law_n be_v very_o well_o convince_v that_o those_o statute_n be_v make_v not_o by_o the_o king_n alone_o but_o by_o the_o whole_a common_a council_n of_o england_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o avoid_v the_o conclusion_n that_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n have_v then_o a_o great_a share_n in_o the_o legislative_a power_n unless_o you_o can_v suppose_v the_o king_n alone_o to_o have_v be_v the_o whole_a common-council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n mention_v in_o these_o writ_n but_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o instance_n of_o edw._n 2d_o and_o edw._n 3ds_o time_n i_o think_v i_o can_v show_v you_o that_o there_o be_v no_o general_n rule_v to_o be_v draw_v from_o some_o few_o example_n for_o though_o it_o be_v very_o true_a that_o the_o first_o of_o edw._n 2d_o begin_v thus_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n have_v grant_v etc._n etc._n yet_o it_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o statute_n itself_o that_o it_o be_v make_v in_o and_o by_o parliament_n the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n though_o they_o do_v not_o all_o agree_v in_o form_n as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o sheriff_n 9th_o edw._n 2d_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o great_a estate_n have_v ordain_v and_o establish_v and_o though_o you_o will_v fain_o draw_v some_o mighty_a consequence_n from_o those_o phrase_n in_o the_o statute_n of_o edw._n 3d._n and_o many_o of_o his_o successor_n by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o commons_o as_o if_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o latter_a be_v not_o as_o necessary_a as_o the_o former_a yet_o indeed_o it_o be_v a_o mere_a difference_n in_o form_n and_o proceed_v only_o from_o hence_o that_o that_o estate_n which_o find_v itself_o grieve_v always_o petition_v the_o king_n for_o redress_v and_o which_o amount_v to_o as_o much_o as_o a_o consent_n for_o you_o shall_v always_o find_v that_o the_o petition_v part_n still_o refer_v to_o that_o body_n which_o be_v then_o oppress_v without_o give_v any_o other_o assent_n for_o certain_o their_o request_v to_o have_v a_o act_n make_v do_v necessary_o express_v their_o consent_n and_o to_o prove_v what_o i_o have_v now_o say_v by_o example_n pray_v see_v the_o 8_o of_o hen._n 6._o c._n 1._o where_o it_o be_v recite_v in_o the_o preamble_n that_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n will_v gracious_o to_o provide_v for_o the_o security_n and_o quiet_a of_o the_o say_a prelate_n and_o clergy_n at_o the_o supplication_n of_o the_o say_a prelate_n etc._n etc._n and_o of_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o great_a man_n and_o commons_o aforesaid_a have_v ordain_v and_o establishse_v where_o you_o may_v see_v that_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o prelate_n be_v not_o here_o at_o all_o mention_v because_o it_o be_v needless_a as_o be_v make_v at_o their_o request_n and_o if_o pray_v and_o request_v shall_v destroy_v the_o legislative_a power_n i_o doubt_v whether_o edw._n 3d._n do_v not_o give_v away_o he_o when_o in_o his_o 14_o year_n in_o a_o statute_n concern_v the_o subsidy_n of_o wool_n the_o preamble_n run_v thus_o nevertheless_o the_o king_n pray_v the_o earl_n baron_n and_o all_o the_o commonalty_n for_o the_o great_a business_n which_o he_o have_v in_o hand_n etc._n etc._n that_o they_o will_v grant_v he_o some_o aid_n upon_o wool_n leather_n etc._n etc._n where_o upon_o deliberation_n be_v bad_a the_o say_a prelate_n baron_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v grant_v he_o 40_o shilling_n to_o be_v take_v on_o every_o sack_n of_o wool_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o matter_n to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o not_o only_o the_o commons_o but_o also_o the_o lord_n have_v be_v oftentimes_o petitioner_n as_o well_o as_o the_o commons_o pray_v see_v these_o authority_n the_o 1_o be_v the_o statute_n of_o provisor_n 27_o edw._n 3d._n run_v thus_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n with_o the_o assent_n and_o prayer_n of_o the_o great_a man_n and_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n have_v ordain_v etc._n etc._n and_o in_o the_o four_o of_o ed._n four_o i_o e._n it_o be_v recite_v thus_o the_o king_n by_o the_o assent_n advice_n request_v and_o authority_n of_o his_o lord_n spiritual_a temporal_a and_o commons_o etc._n etc._n have_v ordain_v and_o establish_v in_o the_o preamble_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o 1._o edw._n 6._o c._n 4._o it_o be_v thus_o wherefore_o the_o king_n our_o sovereign_a lord_n mind_v and_o entire_o desire_v at_o the_o humble_a petition_n and_o suit_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o this_o present_a parliament_n assemble_v do_v declare_v ordain_v and_o enact_v by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o the_o commons_o in_o this_o present_a parliament_n assemble_v and_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o same_o and_o that_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o commons_o be_v always_o necessary_a to_o the_o make_n of_o law_n not_o as_o bare_a petitioner_n but_o as_o assenter_n too_o as_o well_o as_o the_o lord_n appear_v by_o this_o protestation_n or_o declaration_n of_o the_o commons_o 46._o to_o edw._n 3d._n which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o 51._o of_o that_o king_n which_o i_o shall_v read_v to_o you_o in_o english_a out_o of_o the_o law-french_a which_o perhaps_o you_o be_v not_o use_v to_o also_o the_o say_a commons_o do_v petition_v our_o lord_n the_o king_n that_o no_o statute_n or_o ordinance_n may_v be_v make_v or_o grant_v at_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o clergy_n unless_o it_o be_v by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o commons_o neither_o that_o the_o say_v commons_o shall_v be_v oblige_v by_o any_o constitution_n which_o they_o may_v make_v for_o their_o advantage_n without_o the_o assent_n os_fw-la the_o say_a commons_o for_o they_o will_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o any_o of_o your_o viz._n the_o king_n statutes_n or_o ordinance_n make_v without_o their_o assent_n m._n i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o lord_n have_v be_v allow_v as_o necessary_a for_o a_o long_a time_n but_o whether_o the_o consent_n of_o either_o at_o first_o be_v so_o be_v a_o great_a doubt_n since_o we_o find_v the_o first_o ancient_a statute_n as_o i_o have_v 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voluntate_fw-la regis_fw-la teâ—â—ere_fw-la praesumptum_fw-la est_fw-la sed_fw-la quod_fw-la consilio_fw-la magistratuum_fw-la suoâ—an_fw-la rege_fw-la authoritatem_fw-la praesâ—aâ—â—e_fw-la &_o babâ—â—a_fw-la super_fw-la hoâ—_n deliberatâ—one_fw-la so_o that_o you_o see_v in_o the_o time_n when_o this_o author_n write_v the_o king_n can_v do_v no_o more_o by_o his_o prerogative_n than_o the_o law_n allow_v he_o to_o do_v and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a it_o be_v his_o will_n and_o authority_n that_o give_v vigour_n to_o the_o law_n yet_o this_o only_a as_o it_o be_v declare_v in_o parliament_n and_o in_o those_o act_n which_o have_v before_o receive_v the_o consent_n of_o his_o great_a council_n here_o call_v the_o king_n magistrate_n and_o therefore_o you_o have_v do_v what_o you_o can_v to_o confound_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o king_n declaration_n or_o writ_n explain_v and_o enforce_v the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n or_o else_o interpret_n former_a act_n of_o 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that_o this_o be_v not_o the_o king_n be_v privy_a council_n but_o another_o quite_o different_a from_o it_o and_o to_o which_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o fleâ—a_n refer_v in_o his_o second_o book_n cap._n 2._o habet_fw-la enim_fw-la rex_fw-la curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la in_o concilio_n svo_fw-la in_o parliamentis_fw-la suis_fw-la praesentibus_fw-la praelatis_fw-la comit._n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o council_n consist_v of_o all_o the_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n viz._n the_o lord_n treasurer_n chancellor_n and_o keeper_n of_o the_o privy_a seal_n master_n of_o the_o wardrobe_n the_o judge_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n common_a plea_n baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n justice_n itinerant_n and_o justice_n of_o assize_n with_o such_o of_o the_o dignify_v clergy_n as_o it_o please_v the_o king_n to_o call_v which_o that_o they_o be_v altogether_o distinct_a from_o the_o king_n be_v privy_a council_n appear_v plain_o by_o this_o that_o the_o late_a never_o include_v all_o the_o judge_n nor_o do_v the_o privy_a council_n ever_o exercise_v any_o judicial_a authority_n in_o parliament_n as_o this_o council_n do_v in_o those_o day_n but_o that_o this_o council_n consist_v of_o the_o party_n above_o mention_v see_v the_o statute_n of_o escheator_n make_v 29_o edw._n i._o dorso_n and_o in_o the_o placita_fw-la parliamentaria_fw-la of_o that_o year_n the_o statute_n run_v thus_o per_fw-la consilium_fw-la regis_fw-la concordatum_fw-la est_fw-la coram_fw-la domino_fw-la rege_fw-la ipso_fw-la consentiente_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o this_o year_n it_o be_v clear_o explain_v who_o be_v of_o this_o council_n their_o name_n be_v there_o particular_o recite_v viz._n all_o the_o great_a officer_n abovementioned_a together_o with_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o king_n court_n and_o justice_n itinerant_a etc._n etc._n which_o be_v likewise_o explain_v by_o the_o parliament_n roll_v 9_o edw._n 2._o rex_fw-la voluit_fw-la quod_fw-la dominus_fw-la cancellarius_fw-la thesaurarius_fw-la barones_n soaccarii_fw-la justiâ—iarii_fw-la &_o alii_fw-la de_fw-la consilio_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la londin_n 9_o existente_fw-la convenirent_fw-la i_o can_v give_v you_o many_o more_o example_n of_o this_o kind_n but_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o but_o two_o more_o to_o prove_v that_o this_o council_n in_o parliament_n can_v not_o be_v the_o king_n be_v ordinary_a privy_a council_n 97._o the_o first_o be_v in_o placit_fw-la parliament_n 2_o edw._n 3._o in_o a_o cause_n betwixt_o thomas_n fitz-peter_n and_o alienora_n wife_n of_o john_n de_fw-fr mowbray_n coram_fw-la rege_fw-la the_o record_n be_v long_o but_o conclude_v thus_o to_o the_o justice_n et_fw-la si_fw-la difficultas_fw-la aliqua_fw-la subfuerit_fw-la quare_fw-la praemissa_fw-la facere_fw-la non_fw-la possâ—tis_fw-la tunâ—_n placitum_fw-la illâ—â—d_fw-la usque_fw-la in_o prox._n parliamentum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la udjornetis_fw-gr ut_fw-la ibidem_fw-la â—unc_fw-la inde_fw-la fieri_fw-la valeat_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la consilio_fw-la nostro_fw-la fuerit_fw-la faciendum_fw-la by_o which_o we_o may_v very_o
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and_o people_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o their_o great_a council_n for_o this_o i_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o coronation_n oath_n take_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n when_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n ask_v the_o king_n sir_n will_v you_o grant_v and_o keep_v and_o by_o your_o oath_n confirm_v to_o the_o people_n of_o england_n the_o law_n and_o custom_n grant_v to_o they_o by_o the_o ancient_a king_n of_o england_n your_o predecessor_n and_o namely_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n and_o liberty_n grant_v to_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n by_o the_o glorious_a king_n edward_n your_o predecessor_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o all_o the_o bishop_n earls_z baron_n and_o people_n there_o present_a do_v own_o and_o confess_v that_o their_o most_o ancient_a law_n custom_n and_o liberty_n be_v grant_v to_o they_o by_o edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o other_o ancient_a king_n f._n i_o doubt_v you_o will_v prove_v as_o much_o out_o in_o the_o account_n you_o give_v i_o of_o our_o king_n power_n after_o the_o seven_o kingdom_n be_v reduce_v into_o one_o as_o you_o be_v before_o for_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o title_n of_o the_o west-saxon_a king_n over_o all_o the_o rest_n proceed_v from_o conquest_n and_o the_o submission_n of_o the_o king_n and_o people_n they_o conquer_a yet_o be_v they_o not_o all_o actual_o reduce_v into_o one_o kingdom_n or_o monarchy_n till_o a_o good_a while_n after_o the_o king_n of_o mercia_n and_o of_o the_o east-angle_n continue_v in_o be_v till_o the_o come_v in_o of_o the_o dane_n as_o you_o will_v find_v by_o our_o saxon_a annal_n and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a the_o west-saxon_a king_n make_v those_o king_n tributary_n to_o they_o yet_o that_o they_o do_v not_o become_v more_o absolute_a thereby_o appear_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o our_o ancient_a history_n since_o we_o find_v they_o transact_v all_o affair_n in_o their_o wittena_n gemot_n or_o great_a council_n as_o well_o after_o their_o conquest_n as_o they_o do_v before_o and_o therefore_o we_o find_v in_o a_o old_a register_n of_o st._n leonard_n abbey_n in_o york_n cite_v by_o mr._n dodsworth_n in_o the_o monasticon_n anglic._n put_v out_o by_o mr._n dugdale_n this_o memorable_a passage_n 367._o memorandum_n quod_fw-la anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 800._o egbertus_fw-la rex_fw-la totlin_a britanniae_fw-la in_fw-la parliamento_fw-la apud_fw-la wintoniam_fw-la mutault_fw-la nomen_fw-la regni_fw-la de_fw-la consensu_fw-la populi_n svi_fw-la &_o jussit_fw-la illud_fw-la de_fw-la caetero_fw-la vocari_fw-la angliam_fw-la and_o will._n of_o malmsbury_n 6._o that_o ancient_n and_o exact_a historian_n say_v express_o of_o this_o king_n egbert_n lib._n 11._o have_v omnes_fw-la regnorum_fw-la varietates_fw-la egbertus_fw-la animi_fw-la magnitudine_fw-la composevit_fw-la &_o ea_fw-la uni_fw-la quadrant_n imperio_fw-la ad_fw-la uniform_a dominium_fw-la servans_fw-la unicuique_fw-la proprias_fw-la leges_fw-la vocavit_fw-la angliam_fw-la it_o be_v therefore_o most_o evident_a that_o upon_o the_o submission_n of_o those_o kingdom_n he_o conquer_a he_o promise_v and_o agree_v to_o govern_v they_o according_a to_o their_o ancient_a law_n and_o hence_o we_o find_v the_o mercian_n law_n call_v merchen_n lage_n to_o have_v continue_v in_o force_n long_o after_o that_o kingdom_n be_v unite_v to_o that_o of_o the_o westsaxon_n nor_o will_v your_o inference_n from_o the_o coronation_n oath_n prove_v of_o any_o great_a moment_n for_o though_o it_o be_v therein_o recite_v that_o divers_a of_o the_o law_n liberty_n etc._n etc._n we_o now_o enjoy_v be_v grant_v by_o king_n edw._n the_o confessor_n and_o other_o king_n yet_o must_v it_o not_o be_v so_o understand_v as_o if_o the_o people_n of_o england_n have_v no_o law_n or_o civil_a right_n before_o his_o time_n for_o that_o be_v to_o contradict_v plain_a matter_n of_o fact_n and_o the_o history_n themselves_o i_o have_v already_o cite_v but_o why_o they_o be_v call_v his_o law_n and_o his_o custom_n will._n of_o malmsbury_n have_v very_o well_o observe_v when_o speak_v of_o the_o good_a law_n make_v by_o ancient_a king_n and_o especial_o by_o king_n ethelred_n which_o be_v confirm_v by_o king_n câ—â—â—e_n he_o have_v this_o remarkable_a passage_n in_o quarum_fw-la custodiam_fw-la etiam_fw-la â—unc_fw-la temporis_fw-la bonarum_fw-la sub_fw-la nomine_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la juratur_fw-la non_fw-la quod_fw-la ille_fw-la statuerit_fw-la sed_fw-la quod_fw-la observaverit_fw-la the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v for_o the_o law_n of_o divers_a other_o saxon_a king_n which_o though_o they_o go_v under_o their_o name_n yet_o be_v make_v by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o by_o the_o title_n of_o the_o law_n themselves_o in_o mr._n lambert_n and_o sir_n h._n spelman_n collection_n of_o they_o you_o may_v be_v satisfy_v if_o you_o please_v but_o for_o a_o taste_n pray_v see_v the_o law_n of_o king_n alfred_n which_o you_o cite_v which_o tho_o say_v to_o be_v
that_o because_o the_o emperor_n theodosius_n as_o likewise_o divers_a of_o his_o predecessor_n do_v nominate_v bishop_n to_o see_v therefore_o they_o do_v likewise_o receive_v from_o they_o all_o the_o authority_n they_o have_v of_o appear_v and_o act_v in_o general_a council_n which_o i_o be_o sure_a you_o be_v too_o good_a a_o church_n of_o england_n man_n to_o affirm_v m._n i_o must_v confess_v i_o never_o do_v so_o close_o examine_v the_o ancient_a form_n of_o confer_v of_o bishopric_n before_o the_o conquest_n as_o i_o find_v you_o have_v do_v and_o i_o will_v better_o examine_v your_o authority_n and_o if_o i_o find_v this_o custom_n to_o have_v be_v constant_a and_o uniform_a i_o shall_v come_v over_o to_o your_o opinion_n though_o i_o doubt_v it_o will_v not_o prove_v to_o have_v be_v so_o general_a as_o you_o will_v make_v it_o since_o by_o the_o authority_n you_o have_v now_o bring_v out_o of_o mat._n paris_n it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v the_o king_n who_o give_v leave_v to_o this_o election_n of_o bishop_n wulstan_n in_o the_o great_a council_n which_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o convince_v do_v then_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o meddle_v in_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n without_o the_o king_n consent_n but_o since_o you_o have_v speak_v enough_o concern_v the_o right_n and_o antiquity_n of_o the_o bishop_n sit_v in_o our_o great_a council_n it_o be_v time_n you_o now_o speak_v of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o peer_n or_o temporal_a lord_n which_o certain_o can_v have_v no_o place_n there_o but_o from_o the_o favour_n and_o concession_n of_o our_o king_n so_o that_o whether_o we_o consider_v those_o lord_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n as_o ruler_n of_o county_n call_v in_o old_a english_a earl_n or_o alderman_n in_o latin_a deuce_n or_o comites_fw-la or_o else_o as_o judge_n or_o counsellor_n call_v in_o old_a saxon_a wites_z or_o wiseman_n in_o latin_a sapientes_fw-la or_o last_o as_o thanes_z in_o latin_a ministri_fw-la who_o be_v either_o military_a tenant_n or_o civil_a minister_n or_o else_o officer_n of_o the_o king_n in_o his_o court_n or_o other_o employment_n none_o of_o they_o be_v hereditary_a in_o those_o time_n but_o all_o of_o they_o either_o depend_v upon_o the_o king_n will_n or_o else_o owe_v their_o honour_n and_o estate_n to_o his_o favour_n f._n i_o hope_v notwithstanding_o the_o confidence_n you_o put_v in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o argument_n that_o it_o have_v no_o more_o weight_n in_o it_o than_o the_o former_a for_o though_o i_o grant_v there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o hereditary_a earldom_n before_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n so_o that_o though_o both_o the_o earl_n and_o alderman_n may_v have_v place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n ratione_fw-la officii_fw-la as_o the_o earl_n marshal_n of_o england_n have_v at_o this_o day_n and_o not_o by_o tenure_n england_n as_o they_o do_v after_o that_o time_n yet_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n whether_o they_o sit_v there_o only_o ratione_fw-la officii_fw-la and_o not_o as_o thanes_z or_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a lordship_n or_o estate_n in_o land_n but_o if_o they_o sit_v there_o as_o earl_n or_o aldermâ—n_o yet_o may_v they_o not_o be_v the_o only_a person_n that_o sit_v in_o those_o council_n by_o that_o title_n for_o there_o be_v beside_o these_o aldermen_z of_o city_n and_o burrough_n who_o be_v elect_v by_o those_o place_n and_o who_o it_o be_v very_o likely_a appear_v for_o they_o as_o their_o representative_n in_o those_o council_n until_o by_o succession_n of_o time_n those_o town_n begin_v to_o send_v two_o burgess_n in_o their_o stead_n some_o footstep_n of_o which_o still_o remain_v in_o london_n where_o the_o alderman_n of_o every_o ward_n be_v first_o propose_v to_o be_v elect_v parliament_n man_n before_o any_o other_o and_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o these_o alderman_n in_o the_o most_o ancient_a city_n as_o london_n york_n lincoln_n &_o â—_o be_v not_o elect_v by_o any_o grant_n or_o charter_n from_o the_o crown_n but_o by_o a_o immemorial_a right_n of_o prescription_n but_o admit_v that_o these_o earl_n or_o alderman_n appear_v in_o these_o council_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o office_n or_o dignity_n which_o the_o king_n confer_v upon_o they_o yet_o do_v it_o not_o prove_v that_o the_o very_a office_n itself_o proceed_v 〈◊〉_d from_o he_o since_o we_o find_v the_o authority_n of_o those_o chief_a man_n who_o 〈◊〉_d call_v prince_n and_o which_o answer_v these_o earl_n to_o have_v be_v use_v among_o the_o ancient_a german_n long_o before_o when_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o same_o chapter_n where_o we_o cite_v the_o rest_n jura_n per_fw-la pagâ—â—_n viâ—osque_fw-la principes_fw-la reddunt_fw-la â—enteni_fw-la singulis_n ex_fw-la plebe_fw-la comites_fw-la consilium_fw-la simul_fw-la &_o auctoritas_fw-la adsunt_fw-la which_o exact_o answer_v our_o county_n and_o hundred_o court_n under_o the_o saxon_a king_n wherein_o the_o alderman_n of_o the_o county_n or_o his_o deputy_n the_o sheriff_n preside_v and_o the_o free_a man_n of_o the_o county_n or_o hundred_o be_v the_o judge_n of_o all_o matter_n of_o fact_n so_o that_o though_o the_o king_n may_v appoint_v these_o prince_n or_o governor_n of_o province_n or_o county_n yet_o do_v it_o no_o more_o follow_v that_o they_o owe_v their_o be_v and_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n whole_o to_o his_o will_n than_o as_o i_o say_v before_o suppose_v that_o the_o king_n have_v ancient_o the_o nomination_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n in_o england_n that_o therefore_o they_o must_v also_o owe_v their_o place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o synod_n whole_o to_o they_o since_o the_o king_n perform_v both_o of_o they_o as_o a_o public_a trust_v commit_v to_o he_o by_o the_o common_a weal_n in_o the_o one_o case_n as_o much_o as_o in_o the_o other_o but_o indeed_o i_o think_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o member_n of_o this_o assembly_n beside_o alderman_n and_o burgess_n for_o city_n and_o town_n consist_v of_o those_o thanes_z who_o name_n be_v often_o find_v in_o the_o subscription_n of_o the_o ancient_a charter_n of_o our_o saxon_a king_n after_o the_o principes_fw-la deuce_n and_o comâ—â—â—s_n and_o that_o though_o many_o of_o they_o may_v be_v the_o king_n feudal_n thanes_z or_o 〈◊〉_d grand_a serjeanty_n or_o knight_n service_n in_o chief_a as_o mr._n sâ—lden_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n 515._o yet_o that_o author_n no_o where_o exclude_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._o e._n middle_a or_o less_o thanes_z from_o have_v voice_n in_o those_o assembly_n who_o be_v afterward_o style_v vavissour_n or_o lord_n of_o township_n afterward_o call_v maunor_n with_o court_n annex_v to_o they_o under_o the_o name_n of_o sac_n &_o soc_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o court_n 〈◊〉_d and_o courtbaron_n especial_o if_o you_o please_v far_o to_o consider_v what_o a_o vast_a nâ—mber_n of_o alâ—dariâ—_n or_o free_a tenant_n there_o be_v then_o who_o hold_v their_o land_n discharge_v of_o all_o service_n but_o the_o common_a burden_n and_o tax_n of_o the_o nation_n none_o but_o the_o land_n of_o the_o king_n thanes_z be_v hold_v by_o military_a service_n before_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o norman_n so_o that_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o our_o saxon_a council_n will_v find_v that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o person_n that_o appear_v there_o do_v not_o owe_v their_o 〈◊〉_d to_o their_o be_v the_o king_n minister_n or_o officer_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o to_o their_o hold_v such_o land_n and_o possâ—ssions_n as_o capacitate_v they_o and_o give_v they_o a_o right_a to_o have_v place_n in_o those_o great_a council_n and_o that_o this_o be_v 〈◊〉_d we_o need_v go_v no_o further_o than_o the_o law_n of_o king_n athelâ—â—an_n where_o you_o will_v find_v gâ—mility_n itself_o annex_v to_o a_o estate_n in_o land_n 54._o for_o if_o you_o will_v but_o be_v please_v to_o consult_v king_n athelston_n law_n you_o will_v there_o find_v that_o if_o a_o villaâ—aus_n or_o câ—eorl_n can_v so_o thrive_v as_o to_o get_v a_o estate_n of_o five_o hide_n in_o land_n he_o be_v reckon_v a_o thane_n i._n e._n a_o gentleman_n or_o nobleman_n as_o they_o be_v promiscuoul_o reckon_v at_o that_o time_n so_o that_o though_o i_o suppose_v there_o may_v not_o be_v in_o those_o time_n that_o exact_a distinction_n between_o peer_n and_o commons_o as_o there_o have_v be_v establish_v since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n yet_o be_v it_o the_o same_o thing_n in_o effect_n since_o the_o bishop_n earl_n or_o alderman_n of_o shire_n though_o not_o enjoy_v as_o hereditary_a honour_n may_v make_v then_o the_o great_a nobility_n or_o peer_n as_o the_o thanes_z be_v the_o less_o nobility_n gentleman_n or_o freeholder_n who_o all_o appear_v in_o person_n may_v together_o with_o
believe_v that_o the_o ancient_n and_o potent_a city_n of_o london_n tâ—â—_n câ—nterbury_n lincoln_n etc._n etc._n shall_v ever_o be_v exclude_v from_o have_v any_o hand_n in_o the_o great_a consultation_n of_o give_v money_n and_o make_v law_n and_o for_o the_o public_a defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n any_o more_o than_o they_o be_v now_o and_o therefore_o we_o find_v that_o in_o all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o german_a or_o gothick_n original_a the_o chief_a city_n and_o town_n have_v still_o send_v deputy_n to_o the_o diet_n or_o assembly_n of_o estate_n as_o i_o say_v but_o now_o in_o the_o next_o place_n though_o i_o do_v not_o positive_o assert_v that_o there_o be_v knight_n of_o shire_n before_o the_o conquest_n yet_o be_o i_o not_o convince_v that_o there_o be_v none_o for_o though_o i_o confess_v the_o treatise_n you_o mention_v appear_v to_o have_v be_v write_v since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n yet_o may_v the_o substance_n of_o it_o have_v be_v much_o old_a than_o the_o time_n of_o edw_n iii_o and_o rich._n ii_o or_o else_o certain_o king_n hen._n iu._n or_o his_o chancellor_n for_o he_o will_v never_o have_v be_v at_o the_o trouble_n of_o transmit_v a_o copy_n of_o this_o say_v modus_fw-la into_o ireland_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n which_o be_v think_v to_o encroach_v so_o much_o on_o the_o prerogative_n have_v he_o not_o be_v very_o well_o inform_v of_o the_o antiquity_n as_o well_o as_o authority_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v write_v about_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n iii_o from_o some_o ancient_a historian_n and_o record_n not_o now_o extant_a though_o the_o copy_n we_o have_v of_o it_o may_v be_v of_o no_o long_o stand_v than_o the_o time_n mr_n selden_n mention_n but_o admit_v that_o there_o be_v no_o knight_n of_o shire_n before_o the_o conquest_n and_o though_o the_o thanes_z who_o i_o suppose_v make_v the_o great_a figure_n in_o the_o wittena_n geâ—â—â—er_n be_v not_o earl_n or_o chief_a thanes_z that_o be_v of_o the_o great_a nobility_n yet_o they_o be_v great_a freeholder_n and_o though_o commoner_n yet_o gentleman_n and_o of_o the_o lesser_a nobility_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o gentleman_n or_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v now_o and_o the_o not_o elect_v by_o the_o country_n yet_o may_v be_v as_o well_o esteem_v their_o representative_n as_o they_o be_v now_o of_o freeholder_n under_o 40_o s._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la lease-holders_n and_o copy-holders_n for_o year_n who_o have_v no_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o parliament_n man_n whereas_o these_o thanes_z be_v then_o the_o chief_a if_o not_o the_o only_a possessor_n of_o all_o the_o freehold_a estate_n in_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o material_a objection_n to_o say_v that_o these_o thanes_z might_n at_o first_o owe_v those_o estate_n to_o the_o grant_v of_o the_o first_o saxon_a king_n and_o may_v also_o after_o a_o sort_n hold_v their_o estate_n of_o they_o as_o head_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o such_o service_n as_o be_v settle_v by_o public_a law_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o they_o owe_v their_o very_a right_n of_o come_v to_o the_o great_a council_n whole_o to_o the_o king_n favour_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o though_o the_o first_o saxon_a king_n conquer_v this_o island_n from_o the_o britain_n yet_o those_o that_o assist_v they_o be_v only_a volunteer_n the_o chief_a officer_n or_o commander_n of_o they_o may_v not_o only_o deserve_v but_o also_o capitulate_v for_o their_o share_n in_o the_o land_n so_o conquer_v and_o these_o be_v give_v out_o by_o the_o king_n according_a to_o each_o man_n quality_n condition_n or_o desert_n may_v constitute_v those_o who_o be_v call_v the_o king_n thanes_z as_o those_o who_o hold_v likewise_o under_o they_o be_v the_o middle_a thanes_z or_o vavassor_n suppose_v till_o you_o can_v prove_v the_o contrary_a that_o these_o have_v place_n in_o the_o 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lord_n and_o be_v those_o mention_v in_o doomsday_n book_n qui_fw-la potuit_fw-la ire_n cum_fw-la terra_fw-la que_fw-la â—â—but_fw-la nor_o be_v your_o argument_n conclusive_a that_o because_o in_o those_o time_n as_o well_o as_o now_o all_o land_n be_v hold_v either_o mediate_o or_o immediate_o of_o the_o king_n and_o be_v chargeable_a with_o those_o three_o general_a service_n you_o mention_v for_o the_o public_a safety_n and_o good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o therefore_o not_o only_o all_o man_n civil_a property_n but_o also_o their_o right_n of_o come_v to_o the_o great_a council_n must_v whole_o depend_v upon_o the_o king_n will_n since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o first_o saxon_n king_n by_o their_o conquest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n can_v not_o acquire_v the_o sole_a property_n of_o all_o the_o land_n thereof_o to_o themselves_o though_o they_o may_v be_v make_v use_n of_o as_o public_a trustee_n to_o distribute_v they_o according_a to_o those_o man_n quality_n and_o desert_n who_o have_v help_v they_o in_o the_o conquest_n so_o that_o when_o they_o be_v once_o possess_v of_o such_o estate_n they_o have_v immediate_o thereupon_o a_o right_a to_o a_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n the_o burden_n of_o the_o government_n lie_v chief_o on_o such_o as_o have_v estate_n in_o land_n and_o that_o many_o other_o beside_o the_o king_n thanes_z or_o great_a lord_n have_v place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o those_o time_n appear_v as_o well_o by_o the_o name_n of_o mycel_n synod_n â—â—_o wittenagemots_a which_o be_v render_v by_o our_o ancient_a glossarist_n numerosa_fw-la or_o popuâ—â—sa_fw-la conventio_fw-la as_o also_o the_o title_n and_o conclusion_n to_o divers_a of_o the_o title_n of_o those_o great_a council_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n where_o be_v often_o mention_v after_o the_o comites_fw-la &_o proceres_fw-la terrae_fw-la aliorum_fw-la fidelium_fw-la infinita_fw-la multitudo_fw-la which_o must_v certain_o take_v in_o many_o more_o than_o the_o king_n thanes_z judges_z or_o other_o of_o his_o great_a man_n who_o be_v then_o but_o a_o few_o in_o comparison_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o freeholder_n of_o england_n m._n i_o will_v not_o long_o dispute_v the_o probability_n of_o what_o you_o say_v all_o the_o difficulty_n lie_v in_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o deny_v that_o any_o other_o of_o a_o less_o degree_n than_o the_o king_n thanes_z of_o chief_a tenant_n have_v any_o place_n or_o voice_n in_o the_o old_a english_a council_n nor_o can_v you_o find_v as_o you_o yourself_o be_v force_v to_o confess_v in_o our_o saxon_a law_n or_o ancient_a historian_n of_o those_o time_n any_o representative_n of_o the_o common_a people_n mention_v such_o as_o be_v now_o much_o less_o citizen_n or_o burgess_n for_o any_o city_n or_o burrow_n in_o england_n and_o therefore_o what_o you_o say_v concern_v the_o riches_n or_o power_n of_o the_o city_n and_o town_n before_o the_o conquest_n though_o perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v true_a yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o they_o must_v then_o send_v their_o representative_n to_o the_o great_a council_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o argument_n to_o prove_v that_o they_o do_v because_o great_a city_n and_o town_n do_v or_o do_v late_o send_v deputy_n to_o the_o like_a assembly_n in_o other_o country_n since_o our_o government_n may_v not_o only_o original_o differ_v in_o that_o from_o they_o but_o that_o also_o the_o send_n of_o those_o deputy_n may_v be_v grant_v by_o some_o late_a prince_n long_o since_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o those_o kingdom_n and_o i_o do_v believe_v will_v prove_v so_o if_o close_o look_v into_o and_o in_o denmark_n which_o you_o know_v be_v a_o elective_a kingdom_n the_o city_n and_o great_a town_n never_o send_v any_o
deputy_n to_o their_o great_a council_n at_o all_o and_o since_o the_o government_n of_o england_n as_o you_o yourself_o grant_v do_v very_o much_o resemble_v that_o why_o may_v it_o not_o be_v so_o here_o too_o f._n i_o think_v your_o reply_n have_v no_o more_o weight_n in_o it_o than_o what_o you_o have_v already_o urge_v for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o lie_v upon_o your_o side_n to_o prove_v that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n be_v or_o chief_a thanes_z have_v any_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o those_o time_n and_o wheâ—â—_n you_o can_v prove_v that_o you_o may_v do_v something_o but_o what_o i_o have_v now_o bring_v to_o prove_v the_o great_a antiquity_n of_o our_o city_n and_o burrough_n in_o england_n be_v not_o so_o little_a to_o the_o purpose_n as_o you_o will_v make_v it_o since_o it_o confirm_v that_o right_n of_o prescription_n which_o all_o ancient_a city_n and_o burrough_n be_v england_n do_v claim_n of_o senâ—ing_a member_n to_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o pray_v 〈◊〉_d what_o mr._n lambard_n a_o person_n who_o all_o the_o learned_a own_o extreme_o know_v in_o the_o english_a saxon_a government_n tell_v we_o on_o this_o subject_a etc._n in_o his_o archeion_n in_o these_o word_n that_o whereas_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o law_n viz._n those_o make_v by_o the_o saxon_a king_n he_o there_o mention_n all_o the_o act_n be_v say_v to_o pass_v from_o the_o king_n and_o â—is_n wiseman_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o law_n each_o statute_n be_v thus_o and_o it_o be_v the_o advice_n of_o our_o lord_n and_o his_o wiseman_n so_o as_o it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v then_o a_o receive_a form_n of_o speech_n to_o signify_v both_o the_o spirituality_n and_o laity_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o great_a nobility_n and_o the_o less_o or_o commons_o by_o this_o one_o word_n witena_n i._n e._n wiseman_n now_o as_o these_o write_a authority_n do_v undoubted_o confirm_v our_o assertion_n of_o the_o continuance_n of_o this_o manner_n of_o parliament_n so_o be_v there_o also_o unwritten_a law_n or_o prescription_n 〈◊〉_d do_v no_o less_o infallible_o uphold_v the_o same_o for_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o in_o every_o quarter_n of_o the_o realm_n a_o great_a many_o burrough_n do_v yet_o send_v burgess_n to_o the_o parliament_n which_o be_v nevertheless_o so_o ancient_a and_o so_o long_o since_o decay_v and_o go_v to_o nought_o that_o it_o can_v be_v show_v that_o they_o have_v be_v of_o any_o reputation_n at_o any_o time_n since_o the_o conquest_n and_o much_o lesâ—_n than_o they_o have_v obtain_v this_o privilege_n by_o the_o grant_n of_o any_o king_n succeed_v the_o same_o so_o that_o the_o interest_n which_o they_o have_v in_o parliament_n grow_v by_o a_o ancient_a usage_n before_o the_o conquest_n whereof_o they_o can_v show_v any_o beginning_n which_o thing_n be_v also_o confirm_v by_o a_o contrary_a usage_n in_o the_o self_n same_o thing_n for_o it_o be_v likewise_o know_v that_o they_o of_o ancient_a demesne_fw-la do_v prescribe_v in_o not_o send_v to_o the_o parliament_n for_o which_o reason_n also_o they_o be_v neither_o contributer_n to_o the_o wage_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n neither_o be_v they_o bind_v by_o sundry_a act_n of_o parliament_n though_o the_o same_o be_v general_o pen_v and_o do_v make_v no_o exception_n of_o they_o but_o there_o be_v no_o ancient_a demesne_n save_v that_o only_a which_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o book_n of_o doomsday_n under_o the_o title_n of_o terra_fw-la regis_fw-la which_o of_o necessity_n must_v be_v such_o as_o either_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o conqueror_n himself_o who_o make_v the_o book_n or_o of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n that_o be_v before_o he_o and_o so_o again_o if_o they_o of_o ancient_a demesne_n have_v ever_o since_o the_o conquest_n prescribe_v not_o to_o elect_v burgess_n to_o the_o parliament_n then_o no_o doubt_n there_o be_v a_o parliament_n before_o the_o conquest_n to_o the_o which_o they_o of_o other_o place_n do_v send_v their_o burgess_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o learned_a author_n do_v not_o only_o believe_v that_o the_o lord_n but_o that_o also_o the_o inferior_a nobility_n and_o representative_n of_o city_n and_o town_n be_v include_v under_o the_o word_n wite_v and_o also_o that_o these_o placeâ—_n claim_v that_o privilege_n by_o prescription_n and_o not_o by_o grant_n of_o any_o king_n since_o the_o conquest_n or_o before_o m._n i_o shall_v not_o deny_v but_o mr._n lambard_n be_v a_o learned_a antiquary_n yet_o there_o be_v other_o more_o in_o number_n and_o perhaps_o of_o great_a learning_n who_o do_v suppose_v that_o no_o city_n or_o burrough_n send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n but_o since_o the_o conquest_n the_o i_o confess_v the_o time_n be_v not_o exact_o agree_v on_o but_o whenever_o they_o begin_v to_o appeaâ—â—_n there_o it_o be_v certain_a they_o can_v have_v no_o right_n of_o come_v but_o from_o the_o king_n summons_n or_o grant_n since_o none_o but_o such_o city_n or_o town_n that_o hold_v of_o thâ—_n king_n in_o capite_fw-la 38._o have_v ancient_o any_o place_n in_o those_o assembly_n noâ—_n of_o they_o neither_o any_o other_o but_o those_o who_o the_o king_n please_v to_o call_v and_o from_o thence_o proceed_v that_o great_a variety_n we_o find_v in_o the_o list_n of_o those_o town_n which_o send_v member_n to_o parliament_n but_o i_o shall_v omit_v speak_v any_o thing_n far_o of_o this_o at_o present_a but_o as_o for_o those_o middle_n inferior_a thanes_z or_o vavassour_n as_o they_o be_v afterward_o call_v who_o you_o suppose_v to_o have_v make_v so_o great_a a_o figure_n in_o the_o saxon_a great_a council_n i_o do_v not_o believe_v that_o they_o have_v any_o vote_n there_o and_o i_o hope_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o prove_v to_o you_o by_o and_o by_o that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la appear_v in_o those_o meeting_n from_o the_o time_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n to_o the_o 49_o hen._n iii_o now_o if_o it_o be_v true_a as_o you_o suppose_v king_n william_n make_v no_o alteration_n in_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n after_o his_o conquest_n of_o it_o it_o will_v likewise_o follow_v that_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o person_n viz._n tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n be_v the_o only_a member_n of_o it_o before_o the_o conquest_n too_o but_o if_o you_o have_v any_o express_a authority_n out_o of_o our_o ancient_a saxon_a law_n or_o history_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o appear_v at_o the_o wittena_n gemote_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n pray_v let_v we_o see_v they_o f._n i_o shall_v perform_v your_o command_n immediate_o but_o in_o the_o first_o place_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o what_o you_o have_v say_v concern_v city_n and_o town_n not_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n till_o after_o the_o conquest_n be_v a_o great_a mistake_n build_v upon_o a_o false_a and_o precarious_a hypothesis_n that_o they_o all_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n the_o contrary_a of_o which_o i_o shall_v make_v out_o when_o i_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o that_o question_n so_o likewise_o be_v it_o as_o precarious_a that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o vote_n in_o our_o great_a council_n in_o the_o time_n immediate_o succeed_v your_o conquest_n till_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen_n iii_o and_o that_o therefore_o it_o must_v have_v be_v so_o before_o the_o conquest_n for_o as_o i_o own_o that_o king_n william_n make_v no_o material_a alteration_n in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n after_o his_o entrance_n so_o i_o likewise_o affirm_v that_o as_o well_o after_o as_o before_o that_o time_n if_o not_o knight_n of_o shire_n yet_o all_o thanes_z the_o or_o baron_n i._n e._n great_a freeholder_n of_o england_n have_v place_n in_o that_o assembly_n before_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o but_o to_o proceed_v to_o the_o authority_n you_o desire_v i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o first_o and_o most_o ancient_a general_n council_n we_o have_v leave_v we_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n viz._n that_o which_o be_v hold_v at_o canterbury_n a._n d._n 605._o by_o king_n ethelbert_n not_o long_o after_o the_o settlement_n of_o christianity_n in_o this_o island_n which_o be_v record_v by_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o british_a council_n in_o these_o word_n an._n incarnationis_fw-la dominicae_fw-la 685._o aethelbertus_n rex_fw-la in_o fide_fw-la roboratus_fw-la catholica_fw-la una_fw-la cum_fw-la beria_fw-la regina_fw-la silioque_fw-la ipso_fw-la eadbaldo_n 126._o ac_fw-la reverendissimo_fw-la praesule_fw-la augustino_n caeterisque_fw-la optimatibus_fw-la terrâ—_n solenitatem_fw-la natalis_n domini_fw-la celebrant_n cantuariae_fw-la convocato_fw-la igitâ—r_fw-la ibidem_fw-la communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_n whence_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o
errant_a slave_n and_o vassal_n notwithstanding_o their_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o mean_a person_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v tax_v as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o at_o the_o will_n of_o his_o superior_a lord_n which_o whether_o so_o great_a and_o powerful_a a_o body_n of_o man_n will_v ever_o have_v suffer_v i_o leave_v to_o any_o indifferent_a person_n to_o judge_v m._n i_o grant_v this_o may_v now_o appear_v somewhat_o hard_o yet_o since_o it_o be_v the_o receive_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v not_o then_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o grievance_n and_o it_o be_v then_o no_o more_o unjust_a than_o it_o be_v now_o that_o person_n under_o forty_o shilling_n a_o year_n though_o of_o never_o so_o good_a estate_n in_o money_n or_o stock_n or_o that_o tenant_n for_o year_n or_o for_o the_o life_n of_o another_o shall_v at_o this_o day_n have_v no_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o consequent_o be_v without_o any_o representative_n in_o parliament_n of_o their_o own_o choice_n and_o yet_o be_v subject_a to_o all_o law_n and_o tax_n though_o never_o so_o great_a when_o make_v and_o impose_v by_o the_o king_n in_o parliament_n and_o i_o be_o able_a to_o give_v you_o divers_a good_a authority_n to_o prove_v that_o even_o london_n itself_o and_o all_o other_o city_n and_o town_n which_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o be_v call_v his_o demesne_n be_v often_o tax_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n out_o of_o parliament_n before_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la and_o i_o think_v dr._n b._n have_v prove_v this_o beyond_o exception_n in_o his_o animadversion_n upon_o mr._n a_n jani_fw-la anglorum_fw-la facies_fw-la noâ—e_fw-la and_o he_o there_o give_v we_o the_o record_n itself_o of_o 39_o hen._n iii_o now_o in_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o king_n remembrancer_n of_o the_o exchequer_n that_o the_o king_n do_v that_o year_n as_o he_o have_v divers_a time_n before_o talliate_v or_o tax_v all_o his_o demesne_n land_n in_o england_n and_o then_o likewise_o demand_v of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n the_o sum_n of_o 3000_o mark_n in_o name_n of_o the_o talliage_n or_o tax_n so_o lay_v and_o the_o mayor_n and_o citizen_n at_o last_o yield_v after_o a_o great_a contest_v it_o appear_v upon_o search_n of_o the_o roll_n in_o the_o ezchequer_n that_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n have_v be_v several_a time_n before_o so_o tax_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o king_n john_n and_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o so_o they_o pay_v at_o last_o the_o sum_n which_o the_o king_n demand_v by_o which_o you_o see_v that_o the_o great_a and_o rich_a city_n and_o town_n in_o england_n be_v tax_v at_o the_o king_n will_n nay_o i_o think_v i_o be_o able_a to_o prove_v be_v it_o now_o necessary_a that_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v often_o tax_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n only_o before_o the_o grant_n of_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la above_o mention_v but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o matter_n from_o which_o you_o force_v i_o to_o digress_v i_o think_v nothing_o be_v more_o plain_a than_o that_o our_o ancient_a parliament_n be_v only_o the_o king_n court_n baron_n for_o the_o dispatch_n of_o the_o public_a affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o in_o which_o as_o in_o the_o lesser_a court_n baroa_n or_o court_n of_o manor_n the_o suitor_n or_o tenant_n be_v together_o with_o the_o lord_n or_o his_o steward_n the_o sole_a judge_n so_o that_o at_o first_o after_o the_o conquest_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n alone_o as_o the_o supreme_a lord_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o appoint_v or_o call_v which_o or_o what_o sort_n of_o those_o tenant_n be_v please_v to_o attend_v he_o with_o their_o aid_n and_o advice_n at_o his_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o i_o think_v nothing_o be_v more_o evident_a as_o i_o shall_v prove_v more_o at_o large_a from_o our_o ancient_a history_n record_n and_o statute_n then_o that_o before_o the_o 49th_o hen._n iii_o and_o some_o year_n also_o after_o that_o time_n none_o but_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o great_a baron_n and_o some_o of_o the_o less_o call_v in_o king_n john_n charter_n the_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la then_o constitute_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o parliament_n under_o â—he_n title_n of_o baronagium_fw-la angliae_fw-la or_o communitas_fw-la or_o universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o for_o this_o i_o can_v give_v you_o so_o good_a authority_n that_o nothing_o but_o more_o cogent_n and_o evident_a proof_n can_v bring_v i_o from_o this_o opinion_n and_o therefore_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o i_o do_v not_o value_v those_o loose_a and_o inconsiderate_a expression_n of_o historian_n either_o before_o or_o after_o that_o time_n f._n i_o see_v the_o testimony_n of_o historian_n be_v of_o no_o credit_n if_o they_o make_v against_o your_o hypothesis_n but_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o your_o mistake_v about_o the_o king_n tax_v anon_o but_o the_o main_a force_n of_o your_o argument_n lie_v in_o the_o signification_n of_o those_o latin_a word_n you_o have_v last_o mention_v and_o which_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o i_o think_v you_o take_v in_o too_o strict_a a_o sense_n 108._o for_o first_o as_o to_o the_o word_n baro_n i_o grant_v it_o be_v not_o much_o in_o use_n before_o william_n i._o obtain_v the_o english_a diadem_n baro_n say_v camden_n britanni_n pro_fw-la svo_fw-la non_fw-la agnoscum_fw-la in_o anglosaxonicis_a legibus_fw-la nusquam_fw-la comparet_fw-la 121._o nec_fw-la in_o aâ—frici_fw-la glossario_fw-la saxonico_n inter_fw-la dignitatum_fw-la vocabula_fw-la habetur_fw-la for_o the_o english_a saxon_n call_v those_o in_o their_o own_o language_n aealderman_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v name_v comites_fw-la and_o by_o the_o dane_n earl_n but_o it_o be_v of_o so_o extensive_a a_o import_n in_o its_o signification_n that_o we_o read_v of_o aldermani_fw-la regis_fw-la aldermani_fw-la comitatus_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v you_o alderman_n so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o strict_a sense_n of_o this_o word_n we_o have_v whole_a regiment_n of_o earl_n who_o title_n seldom_o if_o at_o all_o descend_v hereditary_a till_o the_o confessor_n time_n and_o after_o william_n i._o the_o saxon_a word_n aealderman_n and_o thegnes_fw-la begin_v to_o be_v change_v and_o in_o the_o room_n of_o aldermanni_n &_o thani_n we_o find_v comites_fw-la &_o barones_n as_o in_o all_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o history_n nor_o be_v the_o word_n barones_n only_o take_v in_o those_o day_n for_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o also_o for_o the_o inferior_a baron_n or_o free_a tenant_n which_o hold_v great_a estate_n of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o king_n by_o certain_a service_n and_o to_o who_o the_o great_a lord_n or_o earl_n as_o sir_n h._n spelman_n show_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n title_n baro_n often_o direct_v their_o charter_n 70._o barombus_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la tam_fw-la francis_n quam_fw-la anglis_fw-la and_o we_o there_o also_o read_v some_o quotation_n from_o the_o old_a book_n of_o ramsey_n abby_n wherein_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o church_n of_o ramsey_n as_o also_o the_o milites_fw-la and_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la thereof_o be_v particular_o mention_v all_o which_o as_o this_o learned_a author_n tell_v we_o non_fw-la de_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la sunt_fw-la intelligenda_fw-la sid_n de_fw-fr vassallis_n feodalibus_fw-la note_n scil_n melioris_fw-la and_o the_o same_o author_n say_v a_o little_a low_o that_o baron_n be_v often_o take_v pro_fw-la liberè_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la in_o genere_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la tam_fw-la in_o soccagio_fw-it quam_fw-la per_fw-la servitium_fw-la militare_fw-la m._n what_o then_o do_v you_o suppose_v that_o all_o the_o freeholder_n in_o england_n by_o whatsoever_o tenure_n they_o hold_v appear_v in_o person_n in_o parliament_n before_o the_o time_n sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n and_o dr._n b._n assign_v for_o the_o summon_n of_o the_o commons_o to_o parliament_n at_o this_o rate_n every_o yeoman_n or_o petty_a freeholder_n be_v a_o baron_n so_o that_o this_o assembly_n may_v then_o consist_v of_o above_o 50_o or_o 60_o thousand_o person_n since_o spot_n in_o his_o chronicle_n tell_v we_o that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o service_n of_o about_o 60000_o knight_n fee_n which_o by_o the_o time_n i_o suppose_v may_v have_v be_v divide_v into_o many_o more_o lesser_a one_o 19_o by_o co-heirship_a or_o by_o sale_n and_o otherwise_o parcel_v out_o by_o the_o king_n licence_n into_o half-knighs-fee_n three_o part_n of_o fee_n four_o part_n of_o fee_n eight_o part_n sixteen_o twenty_o thirty_o and_o forty_o part_n of_o fee_n and_o so_o have_v be_v increase_v into_o as_o many_o more_o and_o these_o beside_o the_o tenant_n in_o
soccage_n must_v needs_o have_v be_v so_o numerous_a that_o what_o room_n nay_o what_o field_n or_o place_n be_v able_a to_o contain_v so_o great_a a_o multitude_n or_o how_o can_v any_o business_n have_v be_v transact_v therein_o without_o the_o great_a confusion_n imaginable_a f._n so_o than_o you_o yourself_o must_v also_o grant_v that_o when_o all_o your_o great_a and_o less_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la appear_v in_o person_n parliament_n be_v much_o more_o numerous_a than_o they_o be_v now_o since_o according_a to_o the_o dr.'s_n catalogue_n out_o of_o dooms-day-book_n in_o his_o appendix_n to_o the_o english_a history_n vol._n 1_o of_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o serjeanty_n that_o hold_v all_o the_o land_n in_o every_o county_n of_o king_n william_n they_o do_v beside_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o baron_n altogether_o amount_v to_o about_o 700._o and_o these_o in_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o by_o forfeiture_n and_o new_a conveyance_n from_o the_o crown_n or_o by_o those_o other_o way_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v may_v be_v multiply_v into_o twice_o as_o many_o more_o and_o those_o also_o of_o sufficient_a estate_n to_o maintain_v the_o port_n of_o a_o member_n of_o parliament_n or_o knight_n since_o 15_o pound_n a_o year_n be_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n iii_o reckon_v as_o a_o knight_n fee_n and_o he_o that_o have_v it_o be_v liable_a to_o be_v knight_v and_o if_o so_o i_o pray_v according_a to_o your_o own_o hypothesis_n how_o can_v so_o great_a a_o assembly_n be_v manage_v as_o of_o about_o 3000_o or_o 4000_o person_n without_o strange_a confusion_n and_o disorder_n but_o upon_o our_o principle_n there_o will_v follow_v no_o more_o absurdity_n or_o inconvenience_n than_o in_o you_o for_o either_o these_o baron_n of_o county_n burgess_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o town_n and_o city_n be_v always_o represent_v by_o knight_n and_o citizen_n as_o they_o be_v now_o or_o else_o these_o baron_n of_o county_n appear_v for_o themselves_o be_v lord_n of_o manor_n or_o freeholder_n of_o good_a estate_n who_o be_v not_o so_o numerous_a or_o inconsiderable_a as_o you_o imagine_v the_o freehold_a land_n in_o england_n be_v in_o those_o day_n but_o in_o a_o few_o hand_n in_o comparison_n to_o what_o they_o be_v now_o and_o for_o this_o opinion_n i_o have_v sir_n h._n spelman_n of_o my_o side_n who_o in_o the_o place_n already_o quote_v under_o barones_n câ—â—itatus_fw-la express_o tell_v we_o hoc_fw-la nomine_fw-la contineri_fw-la videtur_fw-la antiquis_fw-la paginis_fw-la omnis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d â—eodalium_fw-la specier_fw-la in_fw-la uno_fw-la quovis_fw-la comitara_fw-mi degentium_fw-la proceres_fw-la nempè_fw-la &_o 〈◊〉_d domini_fw-la nèc_fw-la non_fw-la liberè_fw-la quique_fw-la tenentes_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la fundorum_fw-la proprietarii_fw-la anglicè_fw-la freeholder_n ut_fw-la superiùâ—_n dictum_fw-la est_fw-la normidum_fw-la autem_fw-la est_fw-la hoc_fw-la liberè_fw-la tenentes_fw-la nec_fw-la tam_fw-la â—iles_fw-la 〈◊〉_d fuisse_fw-la nèc_fw-la tam_fw-la vulgares_fw-la ut_fw-la hodiè_fw-la deprehonduntur_fw-la na_o villa_n &_o dominia_fw-la in_o 〈◊〉_d hareditates_fw-la non_fw-la dum_fw-la distrahebant_fw-la nobiles_fw-la sed_fw-la ut_fw-la vidimus_fw-la in_o hibernia_n penes_fw-la se_fw-la retinentes_fw-la agros_fw-la per_fw-la precarios_fw-la excolebant_fw-la &_o adscriptitio_n so_o that_o you_o see_v sir_n h._n spelman_n then_o believe_v that_o the_o manor_n and_o great_a freehold_n in_o england_n be_v not_o then_o parcele_v out_o into_o so_o many_o small_a share_n as_o you_o imagine_v and_o that_o such_o inferior_a baron_n whether_o they_o hold_v in_o caâ—â—â—e_n or_o not_o arch._n be_v also_o call_v proceres_fw-la see_v the_o law_n of_o henry_n i._n chap._n 25._o the_o title_n whereof_o be_v de_fw-fr privilegits_n procerum_fw-la angliae_fw-la the_o law_n run_v thus_o si_fw-mi exurgat_fw-la placitum_fw-la inter_fw-la homines_fw-la allcusus_fw-la baronum_fw-la foenam_fw-la habentium_fw-la tractâ—tur_fw-la placitum_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la domini_fw-la svi_fw-la now_o that_o this_o socha_n be_v no_o more_o than_o soc._n in_o old_a saxon_a see_v spel._n gloss._n tit._n soc._n i._n e._n secta_fw-la de_fw-la hominibus_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la domini_fw-la secundum_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la so_o likewise_o in_o titulo_fw-la socha_n vel_fw-la dicitur_fw-la soc._n a_o saxon_a socâ—_n i._o e_fw-la libertas_fw-la franchesia_n &_o vide_fw-la manerium_fw-la qd_n dicitur_fw-la etiam_fw-la soca_fw-la dictum_fw-la est_fw-la from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o these_o lord_n of_o manor_n here_o call_v proceres_fw-la &_o barones_n have_v court_n baron_n which_o take_v their_o name_n from_o their_o lord_n though_o feudatory_a tenant_n or_o vavaâ—ours_n but_o grant_v that_o about_o the_o end_n of_o king_n john_n or_o beginning_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o suppose_v that_o these_o lord_n of_o manor_n and_o great_a freeholder_n whether_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o other_o may_v amount_v in_o all_o to_o 5_o on_o 6000_o person_n i_o do_v not_o see_v why_o such_o a_o assembly_n may_v not_o be_v as_o orderly_a and_o well_o manage_v as_o one_o of_o 1000_o or_o 4000_o suppose_v your_o great_a baron_n and_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o have_v than_o make_v about_o that_o number_n especial_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o most_o business_n or_o act_n of_o any_o consequence_n and_o for_o which_o parliament_n be_v call_v may_v be_v prepare_v and_o draw_v up_o by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n before_o they_o meet_v so_o that_o take_v it_o which_o way_n you_o will_v few_o inconvenience_n and_o improbability_n attend_v my_o hypothesis_n than_o you_o m._n that_o the_o earl_n and_o great_a baron_n both_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a together_o with_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la then_o make_v the_o body_n of_o the_o baronage_n of_o england_n i_o have_v very_o good_a authority_n on_o my_o side_n but_o that_o any_o feudatory_a baron_n or_o tenant_n of_o a_o lesser_a degree_n ever_o have_v any_o place_n or_o vote_n in_o those_o assembly_n i_o think_v you_o can_v give_v i_o no_o sufficient_a authority_n for_o it_o it_o be_v true_a mr._n p._n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o assert_v 110._o give_v we_o two_o modern_a quotation_n the_o one_o out_o of_o mr._n câ—â—den's_n britannia_n the_o other_o out_o of_o mr._n selden_n to_o prove_v it_o as_o for_o the_o former_a it_o be_v in_o the_o introduction_n to_o the_o britannia_n first_o publish_v in_o quarto_n the_o word_n be_v these_o verum_fw-la baro_n ex_fw-la illis_fw-la non_fw-la imbus_fw-la videatur_fw-la qua_fw-la tempus_fw-la paulatim_fw-la moliara_fw-it &_o molliora_fw-la reddidit_fw-la nam_fw-la longo_fw-la post_fw-la tempore_fw-la non_fw-la milites_fw-la sed_fw-la qui_fw-la liberi_fw-la erant_fw-la domini_fw-la 16._o &_o thani_fw-la saxombus_fw-la dicebantur_fw-la barones_n vocari_fw-la caperunt_fw-la nec_fw-la dum_fw-la magni_fw-la honoris_fw-la erat_fw-la paulo_fw-la autem_fw-la postea_fw-la mean_v after_o the_o norman_n entrance_n eo_fw-la honoris_fw-la pervenit_fw-la ut_fw-la nomine_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angliae_fw-la omnes_fw-la qâ—â—dammodo_fw-la regni_fw-la ordines_fw-la continerentur_fw-la but_o he_o do_v not_o tell_v we_o that_o this_o learned_a author_n in_o his_o last_o edition_n of_o this_o work_n in_o folio_n be_v sensible_a of_o his_o mistake_n have_v add_v the_o word_n superiores_fw-la before_o ordines_fw-la whereby_o it_o be_v plain_a he_o now_o restrain_v it_o only_o to_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o they_o be_v now_o understand_v mr._n p'_v other_o quotation_n be_v out_o of_o mr._n selden_n note_n upon_o rancorous_a 168._o where_o comment_v on_o the_o word_n barones_n he_o say_v vocabulum_fw-la nempe_fw-la alio_fw-la notione_fw-la usurpari_fw-la quam_fw-la vulgo_fw-la neque_fw-la eos_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la ut_fw-la hodie_fw-la significare_fw-la quibus_fw-la peculiaris_fw-la ordinum_fw-la comitiis_fw-la locus_fw-la est_fw-la but_o then_o conceal_v this_o that_o follow_v which_o make_v direct_o against_o he_o sed_fw-la universos_fw-la qui_fw-la regiae_n munificentiae_fw-la ad_fw-la formulam_fw-la juris_fw-la nostre_fw-fr clientelaris_fw-la quod_fw-la nullius_fw-la villae_fw-la regiae_n glebam_fw-la sed_fw-la ipsum_fw-la tantum_fw-la modo_fw-la regem_fw-la spectat_fw-la tenure_n en_fw-fr chief_n phrasi_fw-la forensi_fw-la dicimus_fw-la sive_fw-la tenura_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la lati_fw-la fundiâ—_fw-la pessidebant_fw-la whereby_o you_o may_v see_v that_o he_o express_o restrain_v this_o word_n barones_n to_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o though_o your_o author_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o it_o nor_o indeed_o in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n do_v mr._n selden_n give_v we_o any_o other_o description_n of_o a_o baron_n v._n i_o mean_v such_o who_o have_v a_o vote_n in_o parliament_n but_o such_o in_o the_o sense_n that_o be_v take_v in_o henry_n i._o his_o charter_n as_o it_o be_v recite_v in_o matt._n paris_n siquis_fw-la baronum_fw-la meorum_fw-la comitum_fw-la vel_fw-la aliorm_n qui_fw-fr de_fw-fr i_o tenent_fw-la mortuus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la i._n e._n one_o who_o be_v either_o one_o of_o the_o earl_n or_o great_a baron_n or_o otherwise_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la f._n mr._n p._n be_v not_o at_o all_o to_o be_v blame_v as_o you_o make_v he_o
and_o the_o other_o less_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ever_o since_o the_o 17_o of_o king_n john_n be_v summon_v by_o one_o common_a writ_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n since_o which_o time_n if_o not_o some_o time_n before_o i_o grant_v these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o look_v upon_o as_o baron_n or_o peer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n proper_o so_o call_v yet_o do_v their_o vote_n in_o parliament_n still_o conclude_v and_o charge_v their_o tenant_n in_o the_o make_n and_o impose_v of_o tax_n or_o law_n which_o they_o alone_o together_o with_o the_o bishop_n and_o great_a baron_n still_o perform_v until_o the_o time_n i_o assign_v f._n i_o see_v you_o be_v in_o a_o wood_n and_o do_v not_o know_v well_o under_o what_o class_n to_o rank_v your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o if_o they_o be_v at_o first_o all_o lord_n or_o peer_n how_o can_v they_o serve_v upon_o jury_n in_o hundred_o or_o county_z court_n if_o they_o be_v mere_a commoner_n than_o there_o be_v commons_o in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o and_o why_o may_v not_o other_o as_o considerable_a commoner_n have_v place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n as_o well_o as_o they_o whether_o they_o be_v the_o king_n baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o not_o but_o in_o answer_n to_o this_o you_o tell_v i_o that_o we_o never_o have_v any_o baron_n hold_v by_o mean_a tenure_n here_o in_o england_n this_o be_v plain_o equivocal_a for_o if_o you_o mean_v it_o of_o barony_n in_o capite_fw-la it_o be_v true_a if_o of_o other_o barony_n it_o be_v false_a by_o your_o own_o confession_n and_o sir_n h._n spâ—lman_n tell_v we_o in_o the_o title_n last_o quote_v that_o the_o baron_n of_o burford_n plead_v to_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la and_o yet_o he_o be_v never_o any_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o show_v i_o if_o he_o and_o such_o like_a baron_n as_o himself_o have_v no_o place_n in_o parliament_n who_o it_o be_v represent_v they_o there_o and_o therefore_o in_o answer_n to_o your_o dilemma_n i_o grant_v that_o every_o baron_n by_o tenure_n be_v a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o every_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o a_o baron_n and_o this_o i_o think_v be_v so_o plain_a that_o you_o yourself_o can_v deny_v it_o but_o in_o answer_n to_o your_o next_o question_n i_o can_v answer_v it_o without_o ask_v the_o gentleman_n from_o who_o you_o suppose_v i_o borrow_v the_o notion_n that_o there_o may_v be_v other_o baron_n or_o lord_n of_o manor_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o estate_n may_v have_v place_n in_o parliament_n suppose_v knight_n of_o shire_n be_v not_o introduce_v till_o after_o henry_n the_o ii_o or_o king_n john_n time_n when_o such_o freeholder_n become_v too_o numerous_a all_o to_o appear_v in_o person_n and_o yet_o these_o may_v not_o be_v baron_n by_o tenure_n and_o therefore_o all_o your_o question_n conclude_v nothing_o for_o you_o suppose_v that_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v prove_v that_o because_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n proper_o so_o call_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o be_v consequent_o his_o baron_n that_o therefore_o none_o but_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n you_o only_o suppose_v and_o i_o as_o positive_o deny_v m._n well_o sir_n since_o you_o put_v it_o to_o that_o issue_n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v full_o convince_v you_o that_o none_o but_o the_o person_n i_o have_v mention_v be_v the_o constituent_a member_n of_o the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n before_o 49th_o hen._n iii_o or_o 18_o edw._n i_o and_o who_o do_v give_v assent_v to_o all_o law_n that_o be_v make_v and_o all_o tax_n that_o be_v to_o be_v impose_v on_o themselves_o and_o their_o under-tenant_n who_o be_v then_o conclude_v by_o the_o act_n of_o their_o superior_a lord_n but_o not_o to_o wrangle_v with_o you_o any_o long_o about_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n barones_n 116._o i_o grant_v there_o be_v nominal_a or_o titular_a baron_n very_o many_o such_o as_o i_o have_v mention_v nay_o that_o there_o be_v several_a other_o great_a subject_n who_o have_v tenant_n that_o hold_v 5_o 6_o 7_o 8_o 〈◊〉_d nay_o more_o knight_n fee_n under_o they_o and_o who_o have_v the_o name_n and_o title_n of_o baron_n but_o what_o be_v this_o to_o the_o purpose_n i_o desire_v you_o will_v prove_v to_o i_o by_o any_o direct_a proof_n that_o these_o sort_n of_o man_n have_v any_o voice_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n in_o our_o great_a council_n till_o after_o the_o time_n we_o allow_v they_o and_o this_o beside_o the_o proof_n i_o have_v already_o bring_v i_o think_v be_v sufficient_a since_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o barones_n regni_fw-la or_o terra_n and_o the_o milites_fw-la and_o homines_fw-la svi_fw-la be_v all_o one_o and_o the_o same_o person_n that_o be_v they_o be_v the_o king_n be_v great_a baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o alone_o constitute_v the_o baronage_n or_o university_n of_o the_o baronage_n of_o england_n or_o of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o for_o the_o far_a proof_n of_o this_o i_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o those_o very_a argument_n your_o own_o author_n 111._o mr._n p._n have_v make_v use_n of_o in_o his_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o assert_v wherein_o he_o will_v prove_v from_o certain_a letter_n that_o be_v send_v from_o the_o baronage_n or_o university_n of_o the_o baronage_n of_o england_n to_o the_o pope_n against_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n exaction_n here_o in_o england_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o bring_v only_a fragment_n phrase_n or_o single_a word_n out_o of_o the_o record_n or_o history_n which_o seem_v to_o countenance_v my_o opinion_n contrary_a to_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o those_o record_n and_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o historian_n as_o some_o of_o your_o man_n do_v but_o shall_v give_v you_o the_o quotation_n out_o of_o those_o author_n whole_a and_o entire_a and_o shall_v make_v such_o reasonable_a deduction_n from_o they_o as_o i_o think_v you_o will_v have_v no_o reason_n to_o deny_v to_o be_v fair_o raise_v from_o the_o word_n themselves_o and_o also_o as_o matt._n paris_n relate_v in_o the_o 29_o hen._n iii_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n send_v letter_n to_o the_o pope_n 658._o then_o at_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n to_o complain_v of_o the_o pope_n exaction_n which_o letter_n be_v say_v by_o this_o author_n to_o be_v direct_v a_o magnatibus_fw-la &_o universitate_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o though_o it_o be_v also_o true_a that_o in_o the_o same_o year_n there_o be_v other_o letter_n send_v thither_o from_o the_o same_o party_n to_o the_o cardinal_n there_o assemble_v which_o be_v recite_v by_o the_o old_a manuscript_n to_o have_v send_v messenger_n to_o the_o cardinal_n and_o the_o old_a manuscript_n in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n that_o they_o send_v to_o the_o cardinal_n assemble_v at_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n â—_z a_o baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o universis_fw-la baronagii_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la per_fw-la procuratores_fw-la 〈◊〉_d rogeram_fw-la bigod_n comitem_fw-la norff._n willielmum_fw-la de_fw-la cantelupo_n johannem_fw-la silium_fw-la galfriâ—â—â—_n radulphum_fw-la filium_fw-la nicholas_n philippum_fw-la basset_n barones_n procuratores_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angâ—â—â—_n tunc_fw-la temporis_fw-la innocentio_n papa_n quarto_fw-la celebrante_fw-la concilium_fw-la ibi_fw-la generale_fw-mi anno_fw-la gratia_n 1245._o and_o the_o letter_n be_v thus_o direct_v venerabilibus_fw-la in_o christo_fw-la fratribus_fw-la uniâ—â—sis_fw-la &_o singulis_n dei_fw-la gratia_n salutem_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la &_o universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la regis_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o that_o matt._n of_o westminster_n do_v likewise_o agree_v in_o this_o relation_n only_o style_v the_o person_n last_o name_v milites_fw-la who_o matt._n paris_n call_v viri_fw-la nobiles_fw-la &_o discreti_fw-la but_o this_o will_v make_v no_o difference_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o and_o to_o these_o matt._n of_o westminster_n add_v mr._n william_n powic_n clark_n who_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v their_o secretary_n but_o notwithstanding_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o all_o these_o person_n so_o send_v name_v barones_n &_o milites_fw-la &_o universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la 103.104_o do_v not_o represent_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n at_o all_o but_o only_o the_o great_a earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o first_o it_o appear_v from_o sir_n w._n dugdale_n baronage_n of_o england_n they_o that_o every_o one_o of_o the_o person_n here_o name_v be_v either_o a_o earl_n baron_n or_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o nâ—â—_n common_a person_n as_o your_o author_n will_v have_v they_o and_o though_o it_o true_a the_o cottonian_a manuscript_n
refer_v but_o to_o this_o very_a letter_n which_o be_v assent_v as_o well_o per_fw-la procuratores_fw-la communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la as_o by_o your_o baron_n here_o call_v nobiles_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o this_o application_n thereof_o be_v give_v by_o mr_n pryn_n himself_o when_o he_o make_v use_v of_o these_o record_n but_o to_o let_v you_o see_v far_o that_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o for_o all_o this_o author_n opinion_n to_o the_o contrary_a 119._o may_v join_v in_o a_o letter_n ro_o the_o pope_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o that_o which_o be_v write_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n to_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o 17_o the_o of_o edw._n iii_o about_o the_o provision_n of_o benefice_n which_o then_o grow_v so_o exorbitant_a that_o walsingham_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o history_n quod_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la regni_fw-la pati_fw-la noluit_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o phrase_n the_o letter_n itself_o will_v best_o explain_v 161._o the_o beginning_n and_o conclusion_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o in_o english_a as_o you_o may_v find_v it_o in_o mr._n fox_n book_n of_o martyr_n to_o the_o most_o holy_a father_n in_o god_n lord_n clement_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n of_o the_o holy_a church_n of_o rome_n 501._o and_o of_o the_o universal_a church_n chief_a and_o high-bishop_n his_o humble_a and_o devout_a child_n the_o prince_n duke_n earls_z baron_n knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o all_o the_o communality_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n assemble_v at_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o westminster_n the_o 15_o the_o day_n of_o may_n last_o pass_v etc._n etc._n in_o witness_v whereof_o we_o have_v hereunto_o set_v our_o 〈◊〉_d give_v in_o the_o full_a parliament_n at_o westminst_n on_o the_o 18_o day_n of_o may_n anno_fw-la drâ—_n 1343._o and_o it_o still_o appear_v by_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o this_o year_n viz._n 17_o edw._n iii_o n._n 59_o that_o the_o commons_o petition_v the_o king_n that_o the_o lord_n may_v stay_v at_o the_o parliament_n till_o they_o have_v perfect_v and_o seal_v this_o letter_n and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o letter_n then_o write_v by_o the_o parliament_n 3._o appear_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n to_o the_o pope_n about_o the_o same_o matter_n still_o among_o the_o tower_n record_n in_o which_o he_o imitate_v his_o grandfather_n edw._n i._n and_o great_a grandfather_n hen._n iii_o who_o also_o seâ—_n letter_n to_o the_o pope_n on_o such_o like_a occasion_n but_o in_o those_o to_o excuse_v the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n from_o be_v the_o author_n of_o those_o complain_v he_o have_v this_o passage_n that_o since_o it_o be_v the_o judgement_n tam_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o nobilium_fw-la quaâ—_n communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o ultimo_fw-la parliamento_fw-la contra_fw-la provisorum_fw-la exercitum_fw-la to_o conclude_v i_o think_v nothing_o be_v plain_a than_o that_o under_o the_o universitas_fw-la regâ—â—_n in_o the_o first_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n 29_o hen._n iii_o and_o under_o the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o 29_o edw._n i._o be_v mean_v the_o same_o estate_n or_o order_n of_o man_n as_o be_v more_o particular_o recite_v in_o this_o present_a letter_n viz._n the_o 〈◊〉_d lord_n and_o commons_o in_o parliament_n assemble_v m._n i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o satisfy_v with_o the_o sense_n you_o now_o put_v â—pon_o these_o word_n universitas_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la before_o the_o commons_o be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n for_o you_o yourself_o must_v grant_v that_o as_o the_o word_n universitas_fw-la regni_fw-la take_v in_o the_o whole_a representative_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o likewise_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o same_o whole_a body_n or_o community_n thereof_o therefore_o if_o i_o prove_v to_o you_o that_o in_o those_o time_n this_o universâ—â—y_n or_o community_n consist_v only_o of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o word_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la ought_v never_o to_o be_v interpret_v by_o the_o english_a word_n commonalty_n or_o commons_o of_o england_n till_o after_o the_o time_n that_o i_o allow_v the_o commons_o be_v admit_v to_o make_v a_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n nor_o always_o then_o neither_o and_o mr._n p._n in_o his_o book_n which_o we_o have_v so_o often_o cite_v have_v do_v very_o unfair_o to_o make_v the_o universitas_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la to_o comprehend_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n before_o they_o everappear_v in_o parliament_n at_o all_o and_o so_o have_v he_o likewise_o abuse_v the_o word_n populus_fw-la as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v to_o signify_v the_o commons_o when_o indeed_o there_o be_v no_o more_o thereby_o mean_v than_o the_o whole_a assembly_n of_o the_o laity_n which_o at_o that_o time_n consist_v of_o no_o more_o than_o the_o earl_n baron_n or_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la 28._o and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o by_o communitas_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la or_o baronum_n be_v often_o understand_v the_o body_n of_o the_o prelate_n or_o great_a baron_n only_o call_v by_o way_n of_o eminency_n proceres_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la yet_o most_o frequent_o these_o with_o all_o the_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v make_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o king_n be_v immediate_a tenant_n in_o military_a service_n and_o be_v altogether_o call_v the_o baronage_n of_o england_n the_o community_n of_o the_o land_n or_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o for_o this_o i_o think_v i_o shall_v give_v you_o undeniable_a proof_n by_o and_o by_o f._n i_o be_o very_a well_o aware_a that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la often_o signify_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laity_n yet_o not_o exclude_v the_o commons_o as_o i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v for_o then_o the_o word_n must_v signify_v quite_o contrary_a to_o its_o genuine_a signification_n instead_o of_o people_n the_o great_a nobility_n only_o yet_o that_o when_o it_o be_v put_v after_o as_o distinct_a from_o magnate_n it_o must_v mean_v the_o commons_o as_o now_o understand_v i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o that_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la do_v not_o always_o signify_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o nobility_n only_o 55._o but_o take_v in_o oftentimes_o the_o commons_o too_o pray_v see_v matt._n west_n who_o tell_v we_o king_n edw._n i._o in_o the_o 34th_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n make_v his_o son_n a_o knight_n pro_fw-la hac_fw-la melitia_fw-la silii_fw-la regis_fw-la concessus_fw-la est_fw-la regi_fw-la zomus_fw-la denarius_fw-la a_o populo_fw-la &_o clero_fw-la mercatores_fw-la vero_fw-la vicesâ—mum_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la upon_o which_o your_o dr._n in_o his_o glossary_a very_a well_o remark_n that_o it_o be_v evident_a upon_o record_n who_o be_v the_o populus_fw-la mean_v by_o the_o historian_n viz._n the_o comites_fw-la barones_n &_o alii_fw-la magnates_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la milites_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la so_o that_o unless_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v lord_n it_o be_v plain_a populus_fw-la take_v in_o the_o commonâ—_n too_o but_o universitas_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la call_v in_o french_a le_fw-fr communâ—_n dangletterre_fw-fr be_v often_o take_v for_o the_o whole_a community_n or_o body_n of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n and_o this_o sir_n edward_n coke_n own_v express_o in_o his_o 2d_o instit._n upon_o these_o word_n in_o articulis_fw-la supâ—â—_n chartas_n 539._o thus_o here_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la be_v take_v for_o people_n so_o astout_a le_fw-fr commune_fw-la be_v here_o take_v for_o all_o the_o people_n and_o this_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n for_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v not_o grant_v to_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n but_o general_o to_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o realm_n viz._n to_o those_o of_o thâ—_n clergy_n and_o to_o those_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o to_o the_o commons_o also_o and_o this_o be_v a_o rational_a as_o well_o as_o grammatical_a interpretation_n for_o as_o the_o word_n universitas_fw-la be_v derive_v from_o the_o adjective_n universus_fw-la which_o signify_v the_o whole_a 〈◊〉_d universal_a so_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la be_v derive_v from_o the_o adjective_n 〈◊〉_d common_a or_o general_n so_o that_o these_o two_o word_n when_o use_v simple_o in_o a_o political_a 〈◊〉_d legal_a sense_n aught_o to_o take_v in_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o all_o sort_n and_o condition_n of_o freemen_n appear_v themselves_o or_o their_o lawful_a proxy_n or_o representative_n in_o parliament_n but_o i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v that_o under_o those_o general_n word_n use_v in_o our_o historian_n and_o record_n viz._n principes_fw-la proceres_fw-la nobiles_fw-la magnates_fw-la barones_n &_o alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v then_o comprehend_v either_o all_o the_o considerable_a freeholder_n oâ—_n lord_n of_o manner_n or_o else_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n so_o
to_o the_o judgement_n of_o every_o indifferent_a person_n these_o than_o be_v the_o man_n the_o only_a legal_a man_n that_o name_v and_o choose_v jury_n and_o serve_v on_o jury_n themselves_o both_o in_o the_o country_n and_o hundred_o court_n and_o dispatch_v all_o country_n business_n under_o the_o great_a officer_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o next_o law_n with_o a_o little_a explication_n ut_fw-la jura_n regius_fw-la illaesa_fw-la seruare_fw-la pro_fw-la viribus_fw-la câ—entur_fw-la subditi_fw-la statuimus_fw-la etiam_fw-la &_o firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la praedicti_fw-la sint_fw-la fratres_n conjurati_fw-la ad_fw-la monarchiam_fw-la nostram_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la pro_fw-la viribus_fw-la suis_fw-la &_o facultatibus_fw-la contra_fw-la inimicos_fw-la pro_fw-la posse_fw-la svo_fw-la defendendum_fw-la &_o viriliter_fw-la servaâ—um_fw-la pacem_fw-la &_o dignitatem_fw-la coronae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la integram_fw-la observandam_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la judicium_fw-la recâ—um_fw-la &_o justitiam_fw-la constant_a omnibus_fw-la modis_fw-la pro_fw-la posse_fw-la svo_fw-la sine_fw-la dolo_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la dilatione_fw-la faâ—endam_fw-la now_o the_o judgement_n they_o be_v to_o give_v and_o the_o justice_n they_o be_v to_o do_v by_o this_o law_n beside_o that_o in_o their_o own_o court_n and_o jurisdiction_n be_v principal_o as_o they_o be_v juror_n or_o recognitor_n upon_o assize_n etc._n etc._n though_o some_o of_o the_o great_a of_o their_o milites_fw-la be_v often_o sheriff_n hundredary_n and_o other_o under_o judge_n and_o ministerial_a officer_n of_o justice_n in_o their_o several_a county_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o glanâ—ille_n every_o where_o but_o especial_o lib._n 2._o c._n 10_o 11._o lib._n 9_o c._n 7._o c._n 17._o &_o lib._n 13._o throughout_o this_o of_o be_v suitor_n to_o the_o county_n and_o hundred_o court_n etc._n etc._n be_v a_o service_n incident_a to_o their_o tenor_n and_o before_o they_o many_o time_n ancient_o in_o the_o county_n and_o hundred_o court_n and_o not_o private_o in_o a_o chamber_n be_v execute_v deed_n grant_n and_o donation_n of_o land_n contain_v in_o very_o small_a piece_n of_o parchment_n witness_v by_o thomas_n of_o such_o a_o town_n john_n of_o another_o richard_n of_o a_o three_o etc._n etc._n which_o be_v knight_n and_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la in_o military_a service_n in_o those_o town_n of_o considerable_a estate_n and_o not_o the_o low_a sort_n of_o people_n and_o this_o execution_n of_o sales_n and_o assurance_n in_o open_a court_n be_v as_o public_a and_o notorious_a and_o as_o secure_v as_o if_o at_o that_o time_n there_o have_v be_v a_o public_a register_n for_o they_o f._n before_o i_o answer_v your_o conclusion_n from_o king_n vvilliam_n law_n i_o must_v tell_v you_o i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o satisfy_v neither_o with_o the_o account_v you_o give_v how_o the_o commonâ—_n of_o england_n can_v come_v in_o to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o parliament_n without_o any_o noise_n or_o notice_n take_v of_o it_o either_o by_o our_o act_n of_o parliament_n or_o historian_n since_o it_o be_v not_o only_o improbable_a but_o also_o quite_o contrary_a to_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o history_n itself_o as_o i_o shall_v i_o hope_v make_v good_a when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o that_o subject_a nor_o be_v your_o argument_n of_o any_o weight_n since_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o because_o william_n the_o conqueror_n so_o subject_v the_o land_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n to_o tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n that_o therefore_o this_o be_v do_v by_o his_o sole_a power_n without_o any_o law_n for_o it_o make_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n since_o i_o observe_v in_o the_o first_o law_n of_o king_n william_n which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v that_o the_o very_a service_n which_o you_o say_v be_v reserve_v upon_o the_o land_n he_o have_v bestow_v be_v say_v to_o be_v so_o appoint_v or_o settle_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o therefore_o certain_o the_o service_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n must_v be_v so_o likewise_o and_o therefore_o i_o must_v confess_v myself_o to_o be_v of_o mr._n selden_n opinion_n in_o this_o matter_n who_o presume_v there_o be_v a_o law_n for_o it_o though_o now_o lose_v and_o can_v believe_v that_o this_o king_n how_o powerful_a soever_o shall_v attempt_v to_o introduce_v so_o great_a a_o yoke_n upon_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o so_o many_o of_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n of_o england_n without_o their_o consent_n express_o give_v to_o a_o law_n and_o make_v in_o the_o great_a council_n concern_v it_o though_o that_o law_n as_o many_o other_o of_o this_o king_n be_v not_o now_o to_o be_v find_v but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o main_a design_n of_o your_o present_a discourse_n which_o be_v to_o show_v that_o none_o but_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v in_o the_o first_o time_n after_o the_o conquest_n proper_o the_o only_a true_a freeman_n or_o freeholder_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o that_o first_o the_o notion_n be_v quite_o new_a and_o never_o hear_v of_o till_o the_o dr._n from_o who_o you_o have_v borrow_v it_o first_o broach_v it_o neither_o mr._n lambard_n mr._n somneâ—_n nor_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n nor_o any_o of_o our_o english_a antiquary_n or_o lawyer_n ever_o discover_v any_o such_o thing_n before_o your_o dr._n arise_v to_o disperse_v these_o cloud_n every_o man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v no_o villain_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o freeman_n and_o every_o owner_n of_o land_n of_o inheritance_n though_o of_o never_o so_o small_a a_o proportion_n reckon_v a_o freeholder_n and_o his_o estate_n call_v his_o franc_n tenement_n or_o freehold_n as_o well_o in_o our_o ancient_n as_o modern_a law_n and_o that_o freehold_n be_v not_o restrain_v only_o to_o military_a service_n within_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o conquest_n appear_v by_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la in_o which_o it_o be_v express_o recite_v that_o nullus_fw-la distriâ—â—tur_fw-la ad_fw-la faciendum_fw-la majus_fw-la servitium_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la militis_fw-la nec_fw-la de_fw-la alio_fw-la libero_fw-la tenemento_fw-it quâ—â—_n inde_fw-la debetur_fw-la and_o that_o socage_n tenant_n though_o by_o villain_n service_n be_v as_o much_o freeman_n as_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la see_v spelman_n glossary_a tit._n socman_n where_o he_o say_v thus_o socmannus_fw-la in_o natura_fw-la brevinan_n brevi_fw-la de_fw-fr recto_n propriè_fw-la talis_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-fr liâ—e_z est_fw-la &_o tenet_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la seu_fw-la de_fw-la alio_fw-la domino_fw-la in_o antiquo_fw-la dominico_fw-la terras_fw-la svas_fw-la seu_fw-la tenementâ—_n in_o villenagio_n libro_fw-la sancti_fw-la albani_n tit._n honcton_n chap_n i._o rege_fw-la angliae_fw-la manerium_fw-la de_fw-la hâ—â—cton_n tenuerunt_fw-la in_o dominico_fw-la omnes_fw-la tenentes_fw-la liberi_fw-la scil_n &_o custumarii_fw-la per_fw-la sokam_fw-la defendebant_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sua_fw-la etc._n etc._n ex_fw-la quo_fw-la patet_fw-la sokmans_fw-mi liberos_fw-la 〈◊〉_d significare_fw-la but_o since_o you_o seem_v to_o make_v a_o distinction_n between_o freeman_n and_o freeholder_n proper_o or_o improper_o so_o call_v since_o king_n vvilliam_n law_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v do_v not_o warrant_v any_o such_o distinction_n i_o must_v beg_v your_o excuse_n if_o i_o be_o not_o of_o your_o opinion_n for_o the_o first_o law_n you_o have_v quote_v warrant_v no_o such_o thing_n it_o only_o say_v that_o all_o freeman_n in_o general_a shall_v take_v a_o oath_n of_o fealty_n to_o the_o king_n to_o maintain_v he_o his_o land_n and_o honour_n against_o 〈◊〉_d enemy_n and_o stranger_n now_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o this_o law_n extend_v to_o all_o freeman_n who_o be_v by_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a law_n recite_v in_o the_o addition_n to_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n to_o take_v the_o very_a same_o oath_n in_o the_o folkmote_a as_o they_o be_v after_o your_o conquest_n to_o do_v according_a to_o this_o law_n either_o in_o the_o county_n court_v or_o sheriff_n turn_v nor_o will_v the_o next_o law_n do_v the_o business_n any_o more_o than_o this_o for_o the_o word_n be_v that_o all_o freeman_n of_o our_o say_a kingdom_n may_v have_v and_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n free_a from_o all_o â—njust_a taillage_n exaction_n etc._n etc._n which_o word_n possession_n extend_v not_o only_o to_o land_n of_o inheritance_n much_o less_o to_o land_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n but_o also_o to_o estate_n for_o life_n and_o all_o other_o chattel_n or_o possession_n as_o well_o real_a as_o personal_a nor_o do_v the_o word_n servitium_n liberum_fw-la extend_v only_o to_o those_o service_n which_o be_v reserve_v upon_o land_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o also_o to_o those_o common_a service_n call_v trinoda_n necessitas_fw-la which_o i_o have_v former_o mention_v â—iz_o the_o building_n and_o repair_v of_o castle_n and_o bridge_n and_o expedition_n against_o foreign_a enemy_n
accepit_fw-la etc._n etc._n now_o pray_v tell_v i_o what_o common_a council_n be_v this_o of_o the_o bishop_n and_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o anselm_n refer_v himself_o to_o be_v it_o not_o ex_fw-la more_o by_o custom_n you_o can_v find_v in_o eadmer_n any_o summons_n to_o it_o neither_o rex_fw-la asâ—ivit_fw-la nor_o praecepâ—o_o regis_fw-la convenerunt_fw-la nor_o rex_fw-la sanctione_n suâ_fw-la adunavit_fw-la in_o short_a not_o to_o multiply_v example_n look_v where_o you_o will_v in_o eadmerus_n or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o ancient_a historian_n you_o have_v cite_v and_o you_o will_v still_o find_v that_o the_o person_n who_o meet_v ex_fw-la more_fw-it and_o without_o any_o summons_n be_v the_o same_o who_o assemble_v by_o the_o king_n summons_n at_o other_o time_n that_o be_v the_o principes_fw-la and_o episcoâ—i_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o terrae_fw-la or_o call_v more_o general_o priâ—ates_fw-la utriusque_fw-la ordinis_fw-la or_o the_o barones_n or_o majores_fw-la regni_fw-la who_o do_v at_o these_o great_a â—easts_n pro_fw-la more_o go_v to_o court_n and_o hold_v a_o solemn_a curia_n or_o great_a council_n there_o and_o that_o these_o make_v up_o the_o university_n or_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n pray_v see_v what_o matt._n paris_n say_v 40._o in_o die_v pentecostes_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la loâ—dini_fw-la festum_fw-la tenens_fw-la magnum_fw-la &_o serenissimum_fw-la â—unc_fw-la compositâ_fw-la per_fw-la regni_fw-la vniversitatem_fw-la eleganti_fw-la epistolâ_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o be_v about_o the_o pope_n exaction_n as_o have_v be_v before_o deliver_v and_o hen._n iii_o in_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n call_v the_o same_o person_n magnates_fw-la angliae_fw-la which_o in_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o cardinal_n about_o the_o same_o matter_n he_o call_v magnates_fw-la nostri_fw-la as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o former_a citation_n of_o they_o f._n but_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v you_o this_o question_n may_v not_o our_o first_o norman_a king_n often_o summon_v the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o one_o of_o the_o say_v usual_a feast_n since_o it_o be_v so_o much_o for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o bishop_n great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o i_o grant_v be_v then_o all_o member_n of_o the_o great_a council_n to_o meet_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o at_o the_o same_o time_n though_o the_o writer_n you_o have_v quote_v may_v not_o mention_v their_o be_v summon_v at_o all_o and_o as_o for_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n those_o of_o much_o late_a parliament_n be_v lose_v how_o can_v it_o be_v expect_v we_o shall_v now_o prove_v their_o be_v summon_v so_o many_o year_n before_o m._n i_o confess_v it_o may_v be_v so_o that_o upon_o extraordinary_a business_n 115._o and_o when_o the_o occasion_n be_v great_a and_o the_o king_n desire_v a_o great_a and_o full_a appearance_n they_o may_v also_o receive_v a_o express_a summons_n at_o those_o time_n but_o then_o i_o must_v desire_v you_o to_o show_v we_o any_o mention_n of_o a_o summons_n to_o any_o of_o these_o common_a council_n which_o when_o call_v at_o other_o time_n be_v most_o constant_o mention_v in_o this_o author_n and_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v of_o you_o what_o you_o will_v say_v to_o those_o word_n pro_fw-la more_fw-it convenit_fw-la which_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o most_o general_a council_n when_o the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n meet_v at_o the_o king_n court_n you_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v the_o king_n barones_n milites_fw-la magnates_fw-la etc._n etc._n upon_o this_o we_o will_v join_v issue_n and_o i_o affirm_v without_o bring_v proof_n which_o be_v infinite_a in_o this_o case_n that_o all_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o england_n do_v hold_v their_o land_n earldom_n and_o barony_n of_o the_o crown_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o his_o person_n and_o that_o be_v in_o capite_fw-la william_n the_o conqueror_n as_o i_o say_v before_o divide_v most_o of_o the_o land_n in_o england_n among_o his_o great_a follower_n to_o hold_v of_o he_o he_o make_v earl_n and_o baron_n such_o as_o he_o please_v they_o and_o their_o descendant_n hold_v upon_o the_o same_o term_n with_o the_o first_o grantor_n which_o be_v to_o find_v so_o many_o horse_n and_o arm_n and_o do_v such_o and_o such_o service_n both_o title_n and_o land_n be_v forfeitable_a for_o treason_n or_o felony_n to_o the_o king_n do_v homage_n for_o they_o and_o every_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o england_n be_v in_o those_o circumstance_n and_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n after_o this_o manner_n other_o land_n be_v give_v to_o other_o person_n for_o mean_a service_n as_o to_o his_o woodward_n forester_n huntsman_n falconer_n cook_n chamberlain_n gouldsinlib_n bailiff_n of_o manor_n in_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o many_o other_o officer_n which_o in_o doomsday-book_n be_v call_v terrae_fw-la thanorum_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o sometime_o servientium_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o i_o doubt_v not_o whatever_o the_o notion_n of_o petyt_n sergeanty_n now_o be_v but_o that_o original_o this_o hold_v of_o land_n be_v the_o true_a tenure_n not_o but_o present_v the_o lord_n with_o a_o bow_n a_o arrow_n a_o pair_n of_o spur_n every_o year_n etc._n etc._n may_v also_o be_v call_v petyt_n serjeanty_n though_o not_o so_o proper_o as_o the_o other_o f._n not_o to_o multiply_v word_n to_o no_o purpose_n i_o think_v your_o reply_n be_v far_o from_o be_v satisfactory_a for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o be_v very_o unreasonable_a to_o demand_v that_o we_o shall_v now_o show_v the_o express_a summons_n to_o these_o common_a council_n which_o be_v not_o hold_v the_o more_o since_o you_o know_v that_o all_o ancient_a record_n of_o that_o kind_n be_v destroy_v and_o lose_v for_o if_o we_o can_v produce_v they_o at_o this_o day_n the_o difference_n between_o we_o and_o those_o of_o your_o opinion_n will_v quick_o be_v at_o a_o end_n as_o appear_v by_o those_o great_a council_n which_o be_v say_v express_o by_o the_o historian_n i_o have_v cite_v to_o have_v be_v summon_v and_o yet_o no_o such_o writ_n of_o summons_n be_v to_o be_v find_v nor_o be_v it_o any_o good_a argument_n that_o because_o our_o ancient_a historian_n mention_v no_o distinct_a summons_n to_o the_o great_a council_n when_o meet_v at_o the_o usual_a time_n of_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o therefore_o there_o be_v none_o such_o since_o we_o find_v they_o often_o pass_v by_o much_o more_o material_a matter_n than_o this_o and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v then_o part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o barones_n milites_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la yet_o do_v it_o not_o follow_v for_o all_o this_o that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v member_n of_o this_o great_a council_n since_o there_o may_v be_v in_o those_o time_n other_o baron_n or_o great_a freeholder_n who_o though_o they_o hold_v their_o land_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la yet_o may_v be_v there_o as_o knight_n of_o shire_n or_o else_o appear_v in_o person_n at_o those_o assembly_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o and_o beside_o there_o be_v other_o who_o though_o they_o do_v not_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o of_o some_o great_a honour_n or_o castle_n or_o else_o of_o some_o abbot_n or_o prior_n yet_o be_v man_n of_o very_o great_a estate_n and_o very_o numerous_a all_o which_o must_v otherwise_o have_v have_v their_o estate_n tax_v and_o law_n make_v for_o they_o without_z nay_o against_o the_o consent_n of_o themselves_o or_o any_o to_o represent_v they_o nor_o be_v your_o assertion_n at_o all_o true_a that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n divide_v most_o of_o the_o land_n in_o england_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o in_o capite_fw-la for_o beside_o those_o servant_n and_o officer_n you_o last_v mention_v above_o two_o three_o part_n of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o abbey_n and_o priory_n in_o england_n be_v not_o hold_v as_o also_o much_o other_o land_n in_o kent_n and_o other_o country_n per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la or_o knight_n service_n but_o in_o libera_fw-la elecmosina_fw-la only_o or_o socage_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v and_o consequent_o neither_o they_o nor_o their_o tenant_n can_v according_a to_o your_o hypothesis_n have_v any_o representative_n in_o parliament_n and_o far_o you_o yourself_o grant_v that_o those_o land_n you_o mention_v which_o be_v give_v out_o by_o your_o conqueror_n to_o his_o woodward_n forester_n etc._n etc._n do_v not_o capacitate_v they_o to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n since_o their_o tenure_n be_v only_o by_o petyt_n serjeanty_n and_o not_o by_o knight_n service_n nor_o can_v they_o become_v the_o king_n tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n because_o such_o tenant_n
hold_v whole_o by_o socage_n tenure_n whereas_o it_o appear_v plain_o by_o littleton_n that_o tenant_n in_o petyt_n serjeanty_n be_v subject_a to_o wardship_n marriage_n and_o relief_n so_o that_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v that_o near_o half_a the_o land_n in_o england_n be_v hold_v by_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n etc._n etc._n and_o of_o who_o not_o a_o three_o part_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o will_v then_o likewise_o consider_v what_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o tenant_n those_o abbot_n prior_n dean_n and_o chapter_n who_o be_v not_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o all_o must_v have_v have_v and_o who_o either_o hold_v estate_n in_o fee_n or_o else_o for_o life_n under_o they_o in_o socage_n as_o well_o as_o by_o knight_n service_n as_o also_o all_o the_o other_o sort_n of_o tenor_n i_o have_v already_o mention_v which_o either_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o some_o honour_n or_o castle_n or_o else_o of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n by_o other_o tenor_n than_o knight_n service_n must_v certain_o conclude_v that_o not_o above_o one_o half_a of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v hold_v either_o immediate_o of_o the_o king_n or_o else_o of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n by_o that_o tenure_n so_o that_o if_o all_o these_o person_n which_o be_v far_o the_o great_a number_n of_o the_o freeholders_n in_o england_n shall_v have_v be_v thus_o exclude_v from_o have_v any_o thing_n to_o do_v in_o our_o great_a council_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o we_o shall_v have_v find_v sufficient_a clamour_n in_o our_o history_n against_o so_o unjust_a a_o constitution_n and_o when_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v in_o arm_n against_o king_n john_n at_o running-mead_n they_o will_v likewise_o have_v insert_v a_o clause_n for_o themselves_o if_o they_o have_v not_o have_v their_o suffrage_n there_o before_o either_o by_o themselves_o in_o their_o own_o person_n or_o by_o their_o lawful_a representative_n and_o therefore_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o dare_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o consideration_n of_o any_o unprejudiced_a man_n whether_o it_o be_v not_o much_o more_o probable_a that_o the_o constitution_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n appear_v in_o parliament_n shall_v be_v much_o more_o ancient_a than_o the_o time_n you_o assign_v than_o that_o so_o small_a a_o body_n of_o man_n as_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v represent_v all_o the_o freeholder_n and_o people_n of_o england_n who_o never_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o knight_n service_n at_o all_o nor_o have_v you_o yet_o answer_v the_o quotation_n i_o have_v bring_v out_o of_o bracton_n in_o my_o last_o discourse_n to_o the_o contrary_n and_o whoever_o will_v but_o consult_v that_o author_n in_o his_o chapter_n of_o tenor_n will_v find_v that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v so_o far_o from_o have_v a_o power_n of_o charge_v all_o the_o mesne_n tenant_n at_o their_o pleasure_n that_o in_o his_o chapter_n de_fw-fr tenuris_n it_o appear_v that_o a_o mesne_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v purchase_v a_o estate_n for_o a_o valuable_a consideration_n be_v liable_a to_o no_o other_o service_n and_o condition_n than_o what_o his_o tenure_n express_v which_o once_o perform_v the_o lord_n have_v no_o more_o to_o say_v to_o he_o and_o if_o so_o be_v he_o lay_v any_o further_a burden_n upon_o he_o he_o may_v have_v have_v a_o writ_n of_o acquital_n out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n against_o he_o direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n several_a form_n of_o which_o you_o may_v see_v in_o glanville_n and_o in_o the_o old_a register_n m._n we_o be_v not_o to_o rest_v upon_o mere_a probability_n for_o some_o thing_n that_o now_o appear_v to_o we_o unreasonable_a at_o this_o instant_n of_o time_n may_v then_o be_v very_o just_a for_o if_o the_o feudatary_a tenant_n of_o the_o bishop_n baron_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v well_o enough_o content_v with_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o it_o then_o be_v and_o that_o it_o plain_o appear_v by_o matter_n of_o fact_n that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o common_a council_n for_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o that_o of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n great_a lord_n and_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o argue_v of_o any_o unreasonableness_n in_o or_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o such_o a_o constitution_n though_o perhaps_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la nor_o yet_o by_o knight_n service_n and_o therefore_o though_o the_o feudatary_a tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v upon_o the_o performance_n of_o their_o service_n acquit_v of_o all_o other_o charge_n yet_o this_o be_v still_o to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o such_o ordinary_a service_n as_o those_o tenant_n be_v to_o perform_v by_o virtue_n of_o their_o tenor_n such_o as_o be_v scutage_n service_n or_o the_o attend_v upon_o their_o lord_n when_o they_o go_v out_o to_o war_n along_o with_o the_o king_n but_o do_v not_o extend_v to_o such_o scutage_n as_o be_v grant_v in_o parliament_n or_o as_o a_o tax_n upon_o land_n by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o nation_n for_o then_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o only_o the_o grantor_n but_o the_o collector_n too_o of_o such_o scutage_n tax_n from_o their_o military_a tenant_n and_o the_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n be_v different_a from_o those_o for_o scutage_n service_n and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v peruâ—e_v that_o writ_n which_o the_o dr._n quote_v of_o the_o 19_o of_o hen._n iii_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o that_o year_n dorso_fw-la rex_fw-la vice_n comiti_fw-la sussex_n salutem_fw-la scias_n quod_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priâ—reâ—_n comites_fw-la barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la angliae_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la spontanea_fw-la voluâ—â—â—te_fw-la suâ—_n &_o sine_fw-la conâ—uetudine_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la nobis_fw-la efficax_n auxilium_fw-la ad_fw-la magna_fw-la negotia_fw-la nostra_fw-la expedienda_fw-la unde_fw-la provisum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d de_fw-la consilâ—o_fw-la illorum_fw-la quod_fw-la habeamus_fw-la de_fw-la feodis_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o wardis_n quae_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la gapite_fw-la duâ—s_fw-la marcas_fw-la ad_fw-la predictum_fw-la auxilium_fw-la faciendum_fw-la &_o unde_fw-la proviâ—erint_fw-la reddere_fw-la nobis_fw-la unam_fw-la medietatem_fw-la ante_fw-la festum_fw-la sancti_fw-la micâ—aelis_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la 19_o &_o aliam_fw-la medictatem_fw-la ad_fw-la pasche_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la â—osirâ—_n 20._o ideo_fw-la tibi_fw-la precipimus_fw-la quod_fw-la capite_fw-la ad_fw-la mandatum_fw-la venerabilis_fw-la patris_fw-la r._n cicestren_a episcopi_fw-la cancellarii_n nostri_fw-la sine_fw-la dilatione_fw-la distringas_fw-la omnes_fw-la milites_fw-la &_o liberos_fw-la tenentes_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la eo_fw-la tenent_n per_fw-la servitium_n militare_fw-la in_o balliva_fw-la tua_fw-la ad_fw-la redlendum_fw-la ei_fw-la de_fw-la singulis_fw-la feotis_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o wardis_n dvas_fw-la marcas_fw-la ad_fw-la predictum_fw-la auxilium_fw-la nobis_fw-la per_fw-la manum_fw-la svam_fw-la reddendum_fw-la in_o terminis_fw-la predictis_fw-la sic_fw-la scribitur_fw-la pro_fw-la aliis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la &_o magnatibus_fw-la now_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o tell_v i_o whether_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v more_o plain_a than_o that_o this_o tax_n be_v grant_v by_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o that_o clause_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n i_o have_v now_o cite_v wherein_o it_o be_v first_o especial_o provide_v that_o no_o aid_n or_o scutage_n shall_v be_v impose_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n unless_o by_o the_o common_a council_n thereof_o and_o yet_o you_o see_v by_o this_o writ_n that_o the_o archbishop_n etc._n etc._n with_o the_o baron_n there_o mention_v together_o with_o the_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o grant_v a_o aid_n or_o scutage_n tax_v of_o two_o mark_n for_o every_o knight_n fee_n which_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o that_o by_o virtue_n thereof_o not_o only_o those_o knight_n fee_n they_o hold_v in_o their_o hand_n but_o also_o all_o those_o subseudatary_a tenant_n call_v here_o freeholder_n who_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o knight_n service_n be_v likewise_o charge_v for_o every_o knight_n fee_n so_o hold_v the_o like_a sum_n of_o two_o mark_n now_o i_o think_v nothing_o can_v be_v more_o plain_a from_o this_o record_n than_o that_o this_o be_v a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o yet_o consist_v of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o and_o therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o show_v i_o some_o better_a proof_n than_o you_o yet_o have_v do_v that_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ever_o make_v a_o distinct_a council_n different_a from_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n f._n i_o grant_v this_o seem_v at_o first_o sight_n to_o be_v a_o good_a authority_n for_o
other_o weapon_n and_o the_o second_o article_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n say_v express_o concessimus_fw-la etiam_fw-la &_o omnibut_fw-la liberis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la regui_fw-la anglia_fw-it pro_fw-la nobis_fw-la &_o haeâ—elibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberate_v subscriptas_fw-la â—abeâ—das_fw-la &_o â—enandas_fw-la eye_v &_o haeredibus_fw-la â—uit_fw-la de_fw-fr nobia_n &_o hâ—rodibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la which_o the_o dr._n himself_o render_v thus_o we_o have_v also_o grant_v to_o all_o our_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n etc._n etc._n and_o sure_o then_o this_o charter_n can_v not_o be_v make_v to_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la unless_o you_o will_v suppose_v that_o none_o but_o they_o be_v freeman_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n slave_n nor_o be_v this_o charter_n only_o make_v to_o relax_v the_o severity_n of_o the_o feudal_n tenor_n as_o you_o suppose_v since_o there_o be_v divers_a other_o clause_n in_o it_o which_o concern_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o freeman_n and_o free_a holder_n in_o england_n as_o well_o as_o they_o for_o beside_o the_o first_o and_o second_o chapter_n of_o this_o charter_n which_o grant_v and_o confirm_v to_o the_o church_n of_o england_n and_o to_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o nation_n their_o right_n and_o liberty_n if_o you_o please_v better_a to_o consider_v it_o you_o will_v find_v that_o there_o be_v several_a other_o chapter_n in_o this_o charter_n which_o all_o other_o freeman_n as_o well_o as_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v thereby_o a_o interest_n in_o as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o the_o 10_o 11_o 12_o 13._o 15_o 16._o 22_o 23_o 24_o 25._o and_o above_o 30_o other_o chapter_n or_o clause_n therein_o express_v which_o be_v grant_v not_o to_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o but_o either_o to_o ecclesiastic_n or_o other_o lay_v freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o to_o prove_v this_o a_o little_a further_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o but_o one_o or_o two_o instance_n out_o of_o this_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o that_o too_o in_o the_o drs._n own_o translation_n article_n 48._o no_o freman_n shall_v be_v take_v or_o imprison_v or_o disseise_v of_o his_o free_a tenement_n or_o liberty_n or_o free_a custom_n or_o outlawed_n or_o banish_v or_o any_o way_n destroy_v nor_o will_v we_o pass_v upon_o he_o or_o commit_v he_o to_o prison_n unless_o by_o the_o legal_a judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n or_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n i._n e._n by_o legal_a process_n the_o other_o be_v the_o 49._o article_n of_o this_o charter_n that_o we_o will_v not_o sell_v to_o any_o man_n we_o will_v not_o deny_v any_o maâ—_n or_o delay_v right_o or_o justice_n now_o judge_v yourself_o whether_o these_o two_o article_n be_v make_v to_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o or_o to_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o hence_o it_o also_o plain_o appear_v that_o the_o same_o body_n of_o freeman_n to_o who_o this_o charter_n be_v make_v be_v likewise_o present_a and_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o the_o make_n of_o it_o nor_o be_v vavasor_n or_o fendatary_a tenant_n of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n great_a lord_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la person_n so_o inconsiderable_a as_o you_o will_v make_v they_o that_o they_o only_o shall_v come_v hither_o but_o as_o follower_n to_o augment_v the_o noise_n since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v from_o bracton_n that_o there_o be_v divers_a of_o they_o man_n of_o great_a estate_n and_o power_n in_o their_o country_n beside_o the_o tenant_n of_o those_o abbot_n and_o prior_n who_o as_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n at_o all_o and_o yet_o make_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n beside_o tenant_n in_o petyâ—_n serjeanty_n and_o those_o that_o hold_v of_o great_a honour_n who_o can_v never_o be_v represent_v by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o all_o and_o therefore_o i_o must_v notwithstanding_o what_o you_o affirm_v to_o the_o contrary_a look_v upâ—_n on_o all_o these_o person_n for_o as_o good_a lawmaker_n as_o the_o great_a lord_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o they_o all_o since_o the_o main_a force_n of_o the_o nation_n do_v not_o lie_v in_o they_o but_o in_o their_o feudatary_a tenant_n who_o will_v never_o have_v follow_v their_o lord_n in_o this_o assembly_n if_o they_o have_v not_o look_v upon_o themselves_o as_o have_v as_o good_a a_o interest_n in_o the_o right_n and_o liberty_n they_o demand_v as_o appear_v by_o this_o silvo_n of_o all_o their_o liberty_n as_o their_o lord_n themselves_o and_o also_o as_o good_a a_o right_a as_o they_o in_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o they_o when_o they_o be_v to_o be_v pass_v into_o a_o law_n as_o they_o be_v by_o this_o charter_n since_o these_o feudatary_a tenant_n be_v not_o at_o all_o oblige_v by_o their_o tenure_n to_o obey_v their_o lord_n summons_n at_o any_o other_o warlike_a expedition_n but_o where_o the_o king_n or_o his_o lieutenant_n go_v out_o in_o person_n m._n i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v that_o this_o can_v be_v no_o parliament_n for_o the_o reason_n already_o give_v and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o these_o charter_n be_v make_v to_o and_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o clergy_n earl_n baron_n and_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o this_o prove_v not_o that_o they_o have_v any_o vote_n or_o suffrage_n in_o make_v of_o they_o 167._o nor_o indeed_o can_v they_o for_o the_o great_a charter_n be_v only_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o people_n draw_v into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o charter_n and_o pass_v under_o the_o king_n seal_n as_o his_o mere_a voluntary_a free_a grant_n and_o concession_n without_o any_o vote_n or_o authority_n from_o the_o people_n and_o therefore_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o henry_n iii_o recite_v they_o to_o have_v be_v make_v of_o his_o mere_a grace_n and_o free_a will_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o preface_n to_o it_o but_o pray_v answer_v i_o a_o few_o plain_a question_n concern_v king_n john_n charter_n which_o if_o you_o can_v resolve_v i_o may_v be_v incline_v to_o believe_v there_o may_v be_v some_o other_o great_a council_n beside_o that_o of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o first_o be_v if_o this_o common_a council_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v for_o assess_v of_o aid_n and_o escuage_z only_z as_o you_o suppose_v it_o be_v provide_v by_o the_o last_o clâ—use_n of_o this_o charter_n why_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o meeting_n to_o be_v declare_v in_o every_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la 170._o if_o they_o be_v only_o summon_v about_o aid_n and_o escuage_z or_o other_o ordinary_a business_n of_o course_n sure_o than_o the_o cause_n of_o summons_n need_v not_o to_o have_v be_v declare_v as_o it_o be_v here_o provide_v in_o omnibus_fw-la litâ—er_fw-la be_v submonitionis_fw-la causam_fw-la submonitionis_fw-la illius_fw-la exponemus_fw-la f._n i_o will_v give_v you_o a_o answer_n to_o this_o question_n immediate_o but_o before_o i_o do_v it_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o that_o you_o be_v much_o mistake_v in_o say_v that_o the_o great_a charter_n because_o they_o be_v the_o king_n free_a concession_n be_v therefore_o pass_v without_o any_o vote_n suffrage_n or_o authority_n of_o the_o people_n of_o england_n since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v in_o our_o discourse_n concern_v the_o legis_fw-la â—â—tive_a power_n that_o the_o matter_n of_o those_o charter_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o affirmative_a of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n long_o before_o your_o conquest_n and_o that_o the_o people_n consent_n and_o suffrage_n be_v sufficient_o give_v in_o their_o draw_v they_o up_o and_o offer_v they_o to_o the_o king_n to_o be_v seal_v and_o accept_v they_o from_o he_o when_o he_o have_v do_v it_o and_o therefore_o that_o the_o great_a charter_n be_v always_o call_v statute_n in_o our_o ancient_a record_n and_o aâ—â—s_n of_o parliament_n but_o to_o answer_v your_o question_n i_o suppose_v that_o the_o king_n beside_o the_o ordinary_a business_n of_o their_o assessing_a escuage_z have_v often_o other_o affair_n of_o great_a moment_n to_o be_v transact_v with_o and_o communicate_v to_o his_o bishop_n great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o which_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o at_o all_o concern_v such_o as_o give_v the_o king_n their_o advice_n as_o a_o great_a council_n concern_v divers_a weighty_a affair_n as_o in_o the_o business_n of_o sicily_n mention_v in_o the_o first_o record_n i_o have_v cite_v as_o also_o about_o undertake_v foreign_a war_n against_o france_n scotland_n wales_n etc._n etc._n in_o which_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o follow_v and_o assist_v he_o together_o with_o their_o under-tenant_n according_a to_o their_o respective_a tenor_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v but_o reason_n
need_n of_o insert_v any_o clause_n to_o this_o charter_n of_o reserve_v or_o confer_v any_o power_n to_o this_o common_a council_n of_o grant_v tax_n and_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o law_n because_o they_o be_v thing_n which_o at_o that_o time_n they_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o complain_v of_o since_o we_o do_v not_o read_v that_o king_n john_n as_o arbitrary_a as_o he_o be_v ever_o take_v upon_o he_o to_o make_v any_o new_a law_n without_o their_o consent_n and_o beside_o it_o be_v implicit_o reserve_v to_o they_o by_o the_o last_o clause_n of_o this_o charter_n viz._n save_v to_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n etc._n etc._n earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o all_o other_o etc._n etc._n the_o liberty_n and_o free_a custom_n which_o they_o have_v before_o so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o any_o other_o clause_n than_o this_o because_o it_o have_v be_v not_o only_o the_o custom_n but_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o king_n to_o lay_v tax_n and_o assess_v escuage_z upon_o the_o nation_n without_o the_o consent_n or_o assistance_n of_o this_o great_a council_n which_o grow_v now_o so_o great_a a_o grievance_n that_o they_o will_v not_o be_v content_v until_o the_o king_n by_o this_o charter_n have_v renounce_v it_o f._n i_o shall_v not_o now_o trouble_v myself_o or_o you_o to_o confute_v this_o mistake_n of_o you_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n can_v legal_o raise_v tax_n upon_o all_o their_o subject_n without_o consent_n of_o their_o great_a council_n or_o that_o they_o ever_o exercise_v such_o a_o prerogative_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o the_o violent_a reign_n of_o the_o two_o williams_n and_o then_o if_o it_o be_v ever_o do_v it_o be_v only_o upon_o their_o english_a and_o not_o their_o norman_a subject_n the_o latter_a be_v exempt_a from_o it_o by_o the_o very_a magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n william_n i._o by_o your_o own_o confession_n nor_o will_v they_o i_o believe_v have_v bear_v it_o at_o his_o hand_n but_o i_o shall_v speak_v more_o particular_o of_o this_o another_o time_n only_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v you_o this_o one_o question_n if_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n have_v be_v intend_v as_o a_o constant_a stand_a rule_n or_o form_n not_o only_o for_o this_o but_o all_o succeed_a common_a council_n or_o parliament_n what_o can_v be_v the_o reason_n that_o this_o clause_n you_o so_o much_o insist_v upon_o of_o summon_v all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v be_v omit_v in_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o hen._n iii_o grant_v in_o the_o 2d_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o but_o three_o year_n after_o the_o 17._o of_o king_n john_n when_o these_o charter_n be_v first_o grant_v as_o also_o when_o it_o be_v again_o confirm_v in_o the_o 9th_o of_o hen._n iii_o for_o can_v any_o one_o of_o sense_n imagine_v that_o so_o material_a a_o clause_n as_o this_o and_o so_o express_v for_o the_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o sole_a representative_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n can_v have_v be_v omit_v have_v they_o alone_o in_o those_o time_n constitute_v the_o common_a great_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n how_o come_v it_o to_o pâ—sâ—_n that_o in_o all_o the_o record_n of_o hen._n iii_o reign_n wherein_o this_o charter_n be_v mention_v it_o be_v always_o recite_v magna_fw-la charta_fw-la nostra_fw-la viz._n his_o own_o charter_n without_o take_v notice_n of_o his_o father_n i_o shall_v be_v glad_a to_o receive_v a_o satisfactory_a answer_n to_o this_o question_n from_o yourself_o or_o any_o other_o intelligent_a person_n m._n i_o hope_v i_o may_v give_v you_o a_o satisfactory_a answer_n to_o this_o scruple_n which_o i_o think_v may_v be_v thus_o satisfy_v i_o conceive_v that_o the_o first_o great_a charter_n we_o have_v which_o be_v commoly_a attribute_v to_o henry_n iii_o and_o style_v his_o charter_n in_o our_o statute-book_n be_v proper_o the_o charter_n of_o edw._n i._n or_o perhaps_o rather_o his_o explication_n or_o enlargement_n of_o those_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n iii_o for_o we_o find_v not_o the_o great_a charter_n either_o of_o that_o or_o king_n john_n in_o any_o of_o the_o roll_n until_o the_o 25_o of_o edw._n i._n and_o he_o have_v a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n for_o confirm_v this_o charter_n than_o henry_n iii_o have_v now_o in_o this_o charter_n then_o confirm_v there_o be_v no_o provision_n make_v for_o any_o summons_n to_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o the_o reason_n may_v well_o be_v because_o the_o constitution_n of_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n be_v late_o change_v from_o what_o it_o be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o king_n john_n time_n and_o till_o the_o 49._o of_o henry_n iii_o nor_o perhaps_o be_v it_o so_o fix_a and_o peremptory_o resolve_v on_o at_o this_o time_n what_o it_o shall_v exact_o be_v for_o the_o future_a as_o to_o have_v it_o make_v a_o article_n of_o the_o charter_n and_o to_o this_o conjecture_n the_o frequent_a variation_n of_o summons_n to_o parliament_n in_o those_o time_n do_v give_v a_o probable_a confirmation_n f._n i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o satisfy_v with_o this_o supposition_n of_o you_o for_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v altogether_o vain_a and_o ground_v upon_o no_o good_a authority_n either_o from_o history_n or_o record_n but_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o before_o i_o have_v do_v that_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la which_o we_o have_v still_o upon_o record_n by_o inspeximus_fw-la of_o edw._n i_o be_v the_o very_a same_o word_n for_o word_n in_o all_o the_o material_a part_n of_o it_o with_o that_o of_o hen._n iii_o both_o of_o the_o 2d_o and_o 9th_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o alteration_n at_o all_o make_v as_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o it_o a_o summon_v or_o choose_v member_n of_o parliament_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n to_o the_o very_a end_n of_o it_o nor_o yet_o in_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n i._n as_o you_o suppose_v m._n i_o shall_v not_o be_v displease_v to_o see_v that_o prove_v though_o i_o think_v i_o be_o able_a to_o show_v you_o the_o contrary_n but_o before_o we_o proceed_v to_o that_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o satisfy_v that_o there_o ever_o be_v ancient_o two_o council_n one_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o other_o of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n for_o methinks_v not_o only_a yourself_o but_o mr._n petyt_n and_o mr._n atwood_n his_o second_o have_v fall_v very_o short_a of_o their_o proof_n they_o have_v bring_v in_o this_o point_n and_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o drs._n whole_a answer_n to_o they_o in_o which_o in_o my_o opinion_n he_o have_v obtain_v a_o clear_a victory_n therefore_o pray_v give_v i_o some_o better_a proof_n of_o this_o distinction_n if_o you_o have_v any_o f._n i_o do_v not_o imagine_v i_o shall_v have_v need_v to_o have_v speak_v any_o further_a upon_o that_o head_n yet_o since_o you_o now_o require_v it_o i_o shall_v obey_v your_o command_n since_o therefore_o you_o tell_v i_o that_o the_o time_n before_o your_o conquest_n be_v obscure_a and_o the_o authority_n uncertain_a i_o will_v give_v you_o a_o short_a history_n of_o these_o council_n begin_v with_o king_n william_n i_o and_o so_o go_v down_o as_o low_a as_o henry_n iii_o so_o fâ—r_v then_o we_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o council_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la meet_v ex_fw-la more_fw-it at_o the_o great_a feast_n of_o the_o year_n and_o that_o they_o also_o grant_v the_o king_n aid_n or_o subsidy_n to_o be_v levy_v upon_o themselves_o alone_o as_o i_o grant_v appear_v by_o the_o writ_n of_o 19_o of_o henry_n iii_o which_o you_o have_v but_o now_o cite_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o sussex_n but_o that_o this_o council_n which_o be_v thus_o hold_v ex_fw-la more_fw-it be_v also_o often_o summon_v to_o meet_v at_o other_o time_n when_o the_o king_n occasion_n require_v it_o dorso_fw-la it_o also_o as_o certain_a as_o appear_v by_o this_o writ_n of_o the_o 26._o of_o the_o same_o king_n which_o i_o shall_v read_v to_o you_o rex_fw-la vicecomiti_a northampton_n etc._n etc._n praecipimus_fw-la tibi_fw-la sicut_fw-la alius_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la quod_fw-la summoniri_fw-la facier_fw-la archiepiscopos_fw-la episcopos_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n abbates_n priores_fw-la milites_fw-la &_o liberos_fw-la homines_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la scribitur_fw-la omnibus_fw-la vicecomitibus_a angliae_fw-la which_o write_v extend_v only_o to_o those_o who_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la can_v never_o be_v a_o summons_n to_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n for_o then_o this_o restriction_n have_v be_v needless_a qui_fw-fr de_fw-fr nobis_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la and_o it_o will_v have_v
of_o parliament_n and_o tax_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o often_o as_o there_o be_v law_n make_v and_o tax_n give_v when_o their_o bishop_n or_o earl_n be_v present_a which_o be_v not_o so_o for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o for_o the_o county_n of_o chester_n if_o the_o earl_n have_v be_v the_o representative_a in_o parliament_n of_o his_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n or_o otherwise_o as_o also_o of_o all_o the_o abbey_n and_o the_o city_n of_o chester_n itself_o and_o all_o other_o great_a town_n in_o that_o county_n his_o vote_n in_o parliament_n will_v have_v oblige_v all_o of_o they_o and_o there_o will_v have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o a_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o whole_a county_n in_o which_o they_o then_o make_v law_n and_o tax_v themselves_o as_o a_o separate_a body_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o may_v appear_v from_o these_o follow_a record_n which_o mr._n a._n have_v give_v we_o the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v a_o writ_n of_o k._n edw._n i._n 6._o direct_v archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioriâ—us_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la â—liis_fw-la fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la in_o comitat._n câ—striae_fw-la recite_v that_o whereas_o the_o prelate_n count_n baron_n &_o alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la have_v give_v he_o a_o 15_o the_o of_o their_o movable_n he_o desire_v that_o they_o also_o will_v of_o their_o benevolence_n and_o courtesy_n in_o latin_a curialitate_fw-la grant_v he_o the_o like_a subsidy_n which_o note_n can_v not_o be_v do_v out_o of_o a_o common_a council_n so_o likewise_o in_o another_o writ_n of_o the_o 20_o the_o of_o this_o king_n recite_v that_o whereas_o the_o probi_fw-la homines_fw-la b._n &_o communitas_fw-la cestriae_fw-la sicut_fw-la caeteri_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la 15_o mam_n partem_fw-la omnium_fw-la mobilium_fw-la suorum_fw-la nobis_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la gratiose_fw-la now_o suppose_v as_o the_o doctor_n always_o do_v that_o these_o probi_fw-la homines_fw-la be_v the_o earl_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la what_o can_v this_o word_n communitas_fw-la here_o signify_v but_o another_o sort_n of_o man_n distinct_a from_o they_o viz._n the_o communality_n or_o commons_o of_o that_o county_n and_o which_o be_v also_o remarkable_a this_o county_n be_v now_o fall_v to_o the_o crown_n for_o want_v of_o heir_n male_a of_o the_o last_o earl_n and_o so_o according_a to_o the_o doctor_n notion_n the_o king_n be_v their_o sole_a representative_a need_v not_o to_o have_v be_v behold_v to_o they_o for_o these_o subsidy_n since_o though_o not_o as_o king_n yet_o as_o earl_n of_o chester_n he_o may_v have_v tax_v they_o himself_o which_o yet_o he_o think_v not_o fit_a to_o do_v because_o he_o know_v it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o that_o county_n which_o have_v ever_o since_o the_o grant_n of_o it_o to_o hugh_n lupus_n by_o will._n i._n always_o be_v tax_v by_o themselves_o which_o privilege_n be_v also_o express_o set_v forth_o in_o a_o supplication_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o this_o county_n palatine_n to_o k._n henry_n the_o six_o which_o mr._n p._n have_v give_v we_o from_o a_o ancient_a copy_n of_o it_o then_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o sir_n thomas_n manwaring_n of_o that_o county_n 46._o baronet_n wherein_o the_o abbot_n prior_n and_o clergy_n baron_n knight_n esquire_n and_o commonalty_n set_v forth_o that_o they_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o earl_n do_v make_v and_o admit_v law_n within_o the_o same_o etc._n etc._n and_o that_o no_o inheritor_n or_o possessor_n within_o the_o say_a county_n be_v chargeable_a or_o liable_a or_o be_v bind_v charge_v or_o hurt_v of_o their_o body_n liberty_n franchise_n land_n good_n or_o possession_n unless_o the_o say_a county_n have_v agree_v unto_o it_o now_o what_o can_v here_o be_v mean_v by_o county_n but_o the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n thereof_o since_o otherwise_o they_o can_v make_v no_o law_n nor_o do_v any_o other_o public_a act_n the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v for_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o durham_n which_o from_o the_o grant_v thereof_o by_o william_n rufus_n to_o the_o then_o bishop_n have_v always_o be_v tax_v by_o themselves_o 9_o and_o not_o by_o the_o bishop_n in_o parliament_n and_o that_o as_o low_o as_o the_o reign_n of_o edw._n 3._o as_o appear_v by_o this_o record_n of_o the_o 14_o the_o of_o that_o king_n contain_v a_o letter_n or_o commission_n to_o r._n bishop_n of_o durham_n recite_v that_o whereas_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o the_o commons_o of_o county_n have_v give_v he_o a_o 9th_o of_o their_o good_n there_o mention_v that_o therefore_o the_o bishop_n shall_v convene_v the_o magnate_v &_o communitatem_fw-la libertatis_fw-la vestrae_fw-la to_o wit_n of_o his_o county_n palatine_n ad_fw-la certum_fw-la diem_fw-la &_o locum_fw-la with_o all_o convenient_a speed_n and_o that_o do_v to_o persuade_v and_o excite_v the_o say_a magnate_n &_o communitas_fw-la to_o grant_v the_o king_n the_o like_a or_o a_o large_a subsidy_n or_o aid_n towards_o the_o maintenance_n of_o his_o war_n which_o have_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a if_o the_o bishop_n or_o the_o king_n can_v in_o those_o day_n have_v tax_v this_o county_n at_o their_o pleasure_n now_o if_o these_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v not_o tax_n their_o mesne_n tenant_n without_o their_o consent_n much_o less_o can_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o england_n impose_v tax_n on_o their_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n or_o in_o socage_n without_o their_o consent_n which_o last_o have_v a_o much_o less_o dependence_n upon_o they_o m._n i_o must_v confess_v i_o never_o consider_v these_o precedent_n of_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n and_o durham_n and_o therefore_o can_v say_v nothing_o to_o they_o at_o present_a since_o it_o be_v matter_n of_o fact_n but_o as_o to_o reason_n and_o law_n i_o think_v it_o be_v consonant_a to_o both_o 171._o that_o not_o only_a tenant_n in_o military_a service_n but_o socage_n tenure_n shall_v be_v find_v by_o the_o act_n of_o their_o superior_a lord_n of_o who_o all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n be_v former_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n and_o though_o in_o process_n of_o time_n many_o of_o these_o estate_n and_o land_n become_v free_a tenement_n or_o be_v hold_v in_o socage_n that_o be_v be_v free_a holder_n yet_o the_o lord_n retain_v homage_n which_o in_o the_o time_n we_o now_o write_v of_o be_v no_o idle_a insignificant_a word_n and_o by_o that_o a_o dominion_n over_o the_o estate_n whereby_o upon_o disobedience_n treachery_n or_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o lord_n etc._n etc._n the_o land_n be_v forfeit_v to_o they_o and_o although_o the_o land_n nor_o the_o tenant_n of_o they_o which_o be_v term_v freeholders_n be_v subject_a to_o any_o base_a service_n or_o servile_a work_n yet_o the_o lord_n have_v a_o great_a power_n over_o these_o tenant_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o do_v homage_n to_o they_o which_o though_o now_o antiquate_v yet_o eo_fw-la nomine_fw-la their_o land_n be_v many_o way_n liable_a to_o forfeiture_n and_o tax_n too_o so_o that_o upon_o all_o these_o account_n it_o be_v then_o as_o reasonable_a that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v in_o those_o day_n make_v law_n and_o grant_v tax_n for_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o scotland_n shall_v do_v so_o to_o this_o very_a day_n for_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o kingdom_n of_o never_o so_o great_a estate_n and_o to_o this_o argument_n which_o be_v certain_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n you_o have_v yet_o answer_v nothing_o nor_o do_v i_o believe_v can_v f._n i_o can_v see_v notwithstanding_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v that_o the_o superior_a lord_n by_o reason_n of_o homage_n shall_v have_v a_o absolute_a power_n over_o their_o tenant_n estate_n for_o though_o in_o the_o profession_n of_o homage_n to_o the_o lord_n i_o grant_v the_o tenant_n thereby_o promise_v to_o become_v the_o lord_n man_n yet_o he_o never_o thereby_o mean_v to_o become_v his_o slave_n and_o there_o be_v mutual_a duty_n on_o both_o side_n so_o that_o if_o the_o lord_n fail_v to_o protect_v his_o tenant_n in_o his_o estate_n or_o unjust_o oppress_v he_o he_o may_v have_v refuse_v nay_o renounce_v his_o homage_n till_o the_o lord_n have_v do_v he_o right_n nor_o can_v i_o see_v how_o a_o bare_a right_n of_o have_v the_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o estate_n in_o the_o case_n you_o have_v put_v which_o yet_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o be_v never_o so_o strict_a in_o respect_n of_o socage_n as_o military_a tenure_n as_o i_o can_v show_v you_o be_v it_o worth_a while_n for_o if_o this_o right_n of_o forfeiture_n alone_o can_v give_v the_o superior_a lord_n a_o power_n over_o his_o tenant_n estate_n to_o make_v law_n for_o
i_o grant_v all_o the_o lesser_a baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v to_o be_v summonld_v by_o the_o sheriff_n to_o come_v to_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o king_n may_v have_v only_o call_v some_o of_o the_o great_a and_o wise_a of_o they_o and_o such_o as_o he_o think_v most_o fit_a to_o advise_v he_o in_o make_v law_n and_o impose_v tax_n upon_o the_o nation_n and_o the_o like_a prerogative_n his_o son_n henry_n the_o three_o resume_v during_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o reign_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o from_o divers_a old_a statute_n by_o and_o by_o p._n and_o that_o our_o king_n do_v often_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o call_v who_o they_o please_v and_o omit_v who_o they_o please_v of_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v appear_v by_o those_o who_o be_v call_v pares_fw-la baronum_fw-la or_o alios_fw-la magnates_fw-la who_o be_v put_v after_o the_o baron_n and_o of_o these_o there_o be_v many_o instance_n of_o their_o be_v call_v to_o parliament_n and_o again_o omit_v in_o several_a king_n reign_v after_o the_o commons_o be_v a_o three_o estate_n as_o represent_v as_o at_o this_o day_n f._n i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v come_v over_o to_o your_o opinion_n notwithstanding_o what_o you_o now_o have_v say_v since_o i_o do_v not_o find_v your_o reason_n to_o come_v up_o to_o what_o you_o intend_v therein_o for_o you_o only_o suppose_v but_o without_o any_o proof_n that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la must_v signify_v only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o the_o ancient_a scotish_n charter_n and_o statute_n all_o the_o argument_n you_o bring_v to_o the_o contrary_n be_v that_o i_o can_v show_v you_o any_o law_n by_o which_o it_o be_v alter_v to_o what_o it_o be_v now_o and_o therefore_o that_o the_o constitution_n have_v be_v always_o the_o same_o as_o at_o this_o day_n now_o pray_v consider_v whether_o this_o will_v not_o press_v altogether_o as_o hard_o upon_o you_o in_o relation_n to_o england_n for_o you_o can_v show_v i_o any_o law_n whereby_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v exclude_v here_o and_o knight_n of_o shire_n introduce_v in_o their_o flead_v and_o therefore_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n let_v the_o scottish_a parliament_n have_v be_v of_o what_o they_o will_v yet_o we_o have_v be_v still_o the_o same_o they_o be_v now_o but_o if_o you_o say_v that_o this_o contrary_a usage_n have_v be_v introduce_v either_o by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n or_o by_o the_o silent_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n or_o by_o some_o law_n that_o be_v now_o lose_v be_v not_o all_o the_o same_o argument_n to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o scotish_n parliament_n which_o i_o may_v upon_o as_o good_a ground_n suppose_v to_o have_v deviate_v from_o their_o original_a constitution_n as_o you_o do_v that_o our_o english_a parliament_n have_v do_v it_o so_o that_o if_o those_o argument_n be_v of_o any_o weight_n they_o will_v serve_v for_o england_n as_o well_o as_o scotland_n but_o if_o they_o be_v not_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o at_o all_o the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v as_o to_o burrough_n in_o scotland_n since_o it_o be_v as_o easy_a to_o suppose_v that_o divers_a burrough_n in_o scotland_n may_v voluntary_o desist_v from_o send_v their_o deputy_n to_o parliament_n that_o do_v not_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o it_o be_v that_o divers_a burrough_n in_o england_n do_v petition_n to_o be_v exempt_v from_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o inability_n to_o pay_v the_o expense_n of_o their_o burgess_n as_o i_o can_v show_v you_o by_o divers_a precedent_n some_o of_o which_o be_v in_o print_n have_v i_o now_o time_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o discourse_n i_o can_v imagine_v to_o what_o it_o tend_v for_o if_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o place_n in_o or_o right_o to_o come_v to_o parliament_n how_o come_v they_o to_o have_v it_o but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a freehold_a estate_n they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o if_o so_o i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n why_o those_o that_o have_v as_o good_a or_o better_a freehold_a estate_n than_o they_o shall_v be_v all_o exclude_v or_o why_o a_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o but_o one_o knight_n fee_fw-mi hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v give_v he_o a_o right_a to_o a_o place_n in_o parliament_n and_o get_v that_o a_o mesne_n tenant_n or_o vavasour_n as_o he_o be_v then_o call_v who_o hold_v ten_o knight_n fee_n of_o some_o bishop_n or_o abbot_n who_o perhaps_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la at_o all_o shall_v have_v no_o right_n of_o appear_v there_o nor_o of_o choose_v any_o representative_a for_o he_o since_o notwithstanding_o all_o you_o have_v now_o say_v the_o doctor_n either_o contradict_v himself_o 68_o or_o you_o when_o he_o tell_v we_o express_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v no_o baron_n represent_v only_o themselves_o and_o not_o the_o commons_o but_o how_o this_o will_v agree_v with_o what_o he_o say_v in_o his_o introduction_n that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o have_v no_o share_n in_o make_v law_n etc._n etc._n before_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o unless_o they_o be_v represent_v by_o thd_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o if_o so_o must_v then_o certain_o represent_v those_o that_o he_o here_o call_v the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n collective_o take_v but_o as_o for_o your_o notion_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v the_o king_n court_n baron_n though_o you_o have_v borrow_v it_o of_o a_o learned_a scotch_a lawyer_n sir_n george_n meâ—â—ensy_n yet_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o it_o be_v never_o true_a for_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n both_o in_o england_n and_o scotland_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a than_o the_o tennre_n of_o land_n by_o knight_n service_n or_o then_o the_o very_a institution_n of_o manor_n in_o this_o kingdom_n which_o the_o doctor_n tell_v we_o be_v of_o no_o high_a a_o original_n than_o the_o norman_a conquest_n but_o admit_v i_o shall_v allow_v your_o notion_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v ancient_o the_o king_n court_n baron_n then_o certain_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v a_o right_a to_o appear_v there_o and_o to_o be_v not_o only_a suitor_n but_o judge_n of_o all_o difference_n arise_v among_o the_o tenant_n in_o the_o lord_n court_n where_o neither_o the_o lord_n himself_o nor_o his_o steward_n be_v judge_n and_o that_o of_o right_n and_o not_o by_o savour_n whereas_o you_o suppose_v such_o a_o courtbaron_n as_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o where_o the_o lord_n can_v admit_v or_o exclude_v who_o of_o his_o tenant_n he_o please_v to_o which_o if_o they_o have_v a_o right_a ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la certain_o he_o can_v never_o do_v so_o that_o instead_o of_o a_o courtbaron_n and_o a_o common_a council_n according_a to_o king_n john_n charter_n whereby_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v to_o be_v summon_v to_o this_o council_n or_o pretend_a court_n baron_n you_o suppose_v the_o king_n still_o retain_v a_o prerogative_n of_o call_v or_o omit_v who_o he_o please_v which_o instead_o of_o confirm_v the_o validity_n of_o the_o charter_n and_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v a_o rule_n how_o such_o council_n shall_v be_v call_v for_o the_o future_a you_o make_v to_o signify_v just_a nothing_o and_o that_o no_o common_a council_n be_v ever_o call_v according_a to_o that_o model_n but_o pray_v show_v i_o a_o courtbaron_n wherein_o the_o tenant_n ever_o take_v upon_o themselves_o a_o power_n of_o give_v tax_n out_o of_o their_o estate_n that_o do_v not_o hold_v of_o the_o manor_n though_o they_o be_v resident_a within_o it_o but_o indeed_o you_o be_v out_o in_o the_o whole_a matter_n for_o the_o doctor_n himself_o grant_v in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n when_o he_o give_v we_o king_n john_n letter_n of_o summons_n to_o a_o council_n direct_v to_o the_o baron_n and_o knight_n and_o as_o he_o translate_v eidelibus_fw-la feudatory_n or_o vassal_n of_o all_o england_n wherein_o he_o let_v they_o know_v 40._o that_o he_o have_v send_v his_o letter_n to_o every_o one_o of_o they_o if_o it_o may_v have_v be_v do_v now_o what_o reason_n have_v he_o to_o write_v thus_o if_o these_o gentleman_n have_v no_o right_a to_o be_v consult_v or_o that_o the_o king_n may_v have_v call_v or_o leave_v out_o who_o of_o they_o he_o please_v but_o the_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v in_o another_o mind_n when_o in_o the_o 37th_o of_o king_n hen._n iii_o as_o mar._n paris_n tell_v we_o they_o refuse_v to_o act_n or_o proceed_v upon_o any_o thing_n
whole_a nation_n as_o to_o entreat_v the_o king_n to_o admit_v their_o under-tenant_n to_o partake_v of_o so_o large_a a_o share_n in_o both_o be_v so_o extravagant_a a_o fancy_n that_o if_o it_o have_v not_o suit_v with_o the_o doctor_n be_v present_a hypothesis_n he_o will_v never_o have_v assert_v it_o in_o cold_a blood_n since_o himself_o affirm_v that_o upon_o the_o make_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n that_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capâ—â—e_n be_v the_o only_a party_n to_o it_o and_o that_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o tenant_n who_o be_v there_o present_a be_v only_o their_o retinue_n and_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n which_o be_v with_o they_o at_o runnemede_o and_o be_v hardly_o to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 51._o all_o the_o rest_n be_v only_a follower_n who_o help_v to_o augment_v the_o noise_n and_o be_v not_o lawmaker_n for_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a say_v the_o doctor_n very_o well_o that_o those_o man_n that_o have_v the_o force_n of_o the_o nation_n will_v permit_v man_n of_o small_a reputation_n to_o share_v with_o they_o in_o law-making_a those_o that_o have_v the_o power_n of_o this_o or_o any_o other_o nation_n de_fw-fr facâ—o_n always_o do_v give_v law_n and_o tax_v the_o people_n but_o it_o seem_v these_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v either_o very_a stiff_a to_o maintain_v or_o else_o easy_a to_o give_v up_o their_o privilege_n just_a as_o it_o best_o suit_n with_o the_o doctor_n present_a occasion_n but_o the_o doctor_n may_v contradict_v himself_o as_o much_o as_o he_o please_v since_o it_o be_v not_o his_o fault_n but_o his_o hypothesis_n that_o have_v lead_v he_o into_o it_o m._n i_o confess_v it_o do_v seem_v somewhat_o hard_o at_o present_a to_o conceive_v it_o but_o we_o know_v not_o what_o reason_n the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v have_v have_v to_o desire_v the_o concurrence_n of_o these_o knight_n of_o shire_n at_o this_o juncture_n of_o time_n but_o that_o their_o come_n to_o parliament_n look_v like_o a_o new_a institution_n may_v far_o appear_v from_o hence_o that_o the_o king_n for_o a_o good_a while_n after_o the_o introduce_v knight_n of_o shire_n to_o serve_v in_o parliament_n 152._o be_v wont_a to_o use_v the_o liberty_n of_o nominate_v the_o same_o member_n of_o parliament_n who_o be_v former_o choose_v appear_v by_o a_o very_a remarkable_a writ_n the_o doctor_n there_o likewise_o give_v we_o of_o the_o 28_o the_o of_o the_o same_o king_n dors._n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o cumberland_n whereby_o he_o be_v command_v to_o cause_n to_o appear_v at_o the_o parliament_n at_o lincoln_n on_o the_o octive_a of_o st._n hilary_n the_o very_a same_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n who_o have_v before_o appear_v at_o the_o last_o parliament_n unless_o any_o of_o they_o be_v sick_a or_o dead_a from_o which_o we_o may_v collect_v that_o our_o king_n in_o those_o day_n often_o make_v use_n of_o their_o prerogative_n of_o summon_v such_o member_n to_o parliament_n as_o be_v not_o then_o actual_o choose_v to_o serve_v in_o that_o parliament_n and_o for_o a_o far_a confirmation_n of_o this_o there_o be_v still_o extant_a upon_o record_n in_o the_o same_o roll_v the_o return_v of_o several_a of_o the_o sheriff_n upon_o the_o same_o writ_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o same_o member_n be_v return_v to_o appear_v in_o this_o parliament_n who_o have_v before_o serve_v at_o the_o precedent_n unless_o in_o the_o case_n of_o some_o that_o be_v sick_a or_o dead_a and_o that_o our_o king_n have_v not_o yet_o a_o long_a time_n after_o lose_v their_o prerogative_n of_o nominate_v how_o many_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n they_o will_v have_v choose_v and_o return_v to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n may_v appear_v by_o a_o writ_n of_o the_o 45._o edw._n 3._o whereby_o one_o knight_n for_o a_o county_n dors._n and_o one_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o those_o too_o name_v by_o the_o king_n to_o the_o sheriff_n be_v to_o be_v summon_v to_o appear_v at_o winchester_n to_o do_v those_o thing_n that_o be_v appoint_v in_o the_o same_o writ_n which_o be_v likewise_o direct_v to_o all_o the_o sheriff_n in_o england_n and_o that_o this_o be_v a_o parliament_n appear_v from_o hence_o that_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n have_v writ_n for_o their_o expense_n at_o this_o meeting_n at_o winchester_n junii_fw-la and_o though_o in_o these_o writ_n it_o be_v only_o express_v by_o these_o word_n magnum_fw-la consilium_fw-la nosâ—rum_fw-la yet_o from_o this_o writ_n of_o â—ummons_n it_o be_v evident_a it_o do_v the_o business_n of_o a_o parliament_n and_o so_o no_o great_a matter_n for_o the_o name_n f._n if_o thâ—se_a be_v all_o the_o argument_n you_o have_v to_o produce_v against_o the_o ancient_a right_n of_o the_o commons_o be_v part_n of_o the_o parliament_n before_o the_o 18_o edw._n 1._o i_o doubt_v they_o will_v not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o do_v the_o business_n for_o as_o to_o this_o record_n of_o the_o â—8_o of_o edw._n 1._o whereby_o the_o king_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v have_v a_o power_n to_o cause_v those_o knight_n of_o shire_n to_o be_v return_v who_o be_v elect_v to_o serve_v in_o the_o parliament_n before_o go_v without_o any_o new_a election_n this_o be_v altogether_o precarious_a for_o if_o you_o will_v but_o read_v the_o writ_n itself_o and_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o king_n be_v thus_o act_v it_o will_v plain_o prove_v the_o contrary_n for_o the_o king_n reâ—iteâ—_n in_o that_o writ_n that_o have_v resolve_v that_o the_o charter_n of_o forest_n shall_v be_v observe_v and_o that_o his_o subject_n have_v make_v a_o perambulation_n thereupon_o yet_o that_o he_o will_v conclude_v nothing_o in_o that_o matter_n without_o the_o counsel_n of_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o great_a man_n and_o therefore_o desire_v to_o hasten_v that_o business_n as_o far_o as_o he_o can_v without_o any_o delay_n he_o thereby_o order_v he_o to_o cause_n to_o come_v before_o he_o to_o the_o parliament_n at_o lincoln_n the_o same_o knight_n citizeâ—n_n and_o burgess_n as_o be_v before_o elect_v now_o the_o king_n may_v have_v very_o good_a reason_n for_o it_o why_o he_o will_v rather_o treat_v with_o they_o than_o with_o any_o other_o because_o they_o have_v be_v privy_a to_o all_o the_o precedent_a transaction_n concern_v this_o business_n of_o forest_n and_o therefore_o be_v most_o likely_a to_o come_v to_o the_o speedy_a conclusion_n with_o the_o king_n in_o that_o affair_n as_o be_v better_o instruct_v in_o it_o than_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o any_o new_a member_n to_o be_v who_o have_v not_o before_o be_v privy_a to_o the_o whole_a affair_n yet_o that_o the_o king_n never_o intend_v hereby_o to_o impose_v representative_n upon_o his_o people_n without_o their_o free_a consent_n appear_v by_o this_o clause_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o say_v write_v 〈◊〉_d quâ—d_n milites_fw-la cave_n &_o burgenses_n praedicti_fw-la dictis_fw-la die_fw-la &_o loco_fw-la nâ—â—dis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la interâ—ut_fw-la eum_fw-la plena_fw-la potestate_fw-la audâ—endi_fw-la &_o faciendi_fw-la ea_fw-la quae_fw-la ibidem_fw-la in_o praemissâ—â—_n ordinaeri_fw-la contingent_a pro_fw-la cummuni_fw-la commodo_fw-la dicti_fw-la regni_fw-la now_o how_o these_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n can_v appear_v in_o parliament_n with_o full_a power_n of_o act_v therein_o without_o the_o new_a election_n or_o confirmation_n at_o least_o of_o those_o who_o they_o represent_v i_o shall_v be_v very_o glad_a â—f_n the_o doctor_n or_o yourself_o can_v inform_v i_o but_o to_o come_v to_o your_o next_o record_n of_o the_o 45_o edw._n 3._o whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o the_o king_n in_o those_o day_n have_v a_o power_n of_o appoint_v not_o only_a how_o many_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n shall_v appear_v in_o parliament_n for_o each_o county_n but_o also_o can_v name_v the_o person_n that_o shall_v appear_v therein_o i_o wonder_v how_o the_o doctor_n can_v so_o impose_v upon_o your_o or_o his_o own_o understand_v since_o nothing_o be_v more_o apparent_a than_o that_o this_o council_n at_o winchester_n to_o which_o they_o be_v summon_v be_v no_o parliament_n at_o all_o but_o a_o great_a council_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o writ_n itself_o which_o recite_v that_o whereas_o a_o parliament_n late_o at_o westminster_n have_v give_v the_o king_n a_o subsidy_n of_o 24_o sh._n and_o 3_o d._n upon_o every_o parish_n in_o england_n that_o the_o king_n be_v willing_a to_o be_v better_o inform_v after_o what_o manner_n the_o levy_n of_o this_o tax_n may_v be_v soon_o perform_v and_o because_o it_o will_v be_v burdensome_a for_o all_o the_o great_a man_n knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n who_o come_v to_o the_o say_a parliament_n to_o meet_v together_o again_o for_o this_o matter_n therefore_o he_o ordain_v for_o
that_o charter_n be_v lose_v they_o desire_v a_o confirmation_n of_o it_o from_o the_o king_n whereupon_o he_o by_o this_o commission_n direct_v a_o writ_n of_o enquiry_n to_o several_a gentleman_n and_o other_o therein_o mention_v to_o inquire_v if_o the_o say_a burgess_n have_v enjoy_v all_o those_o liberty_n so_o grant_v by_o the_o say_a charter_n of_o king_n athelstan_n or_o not_o which_o will_v have_v be_v ridiculous_a if_o the_o king_n and_o council_n have_v be_v satisfy_v that_o no_o city_n and_o burroughs_n scent_n any_o member_n to_o parliament_n under_o the_o saxon_a king_n and_o not_o before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o this_o authority_n be_v the_o more_o remarkable_a because_o barâ—staple_n be_v one_o of_o mr._n prin_n modern_a burrough_n for_o which_o he_o can_v find_v no_o precept_n or_o return_v early_o than_o the_o 26_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o though_o no_o doubt_n as_o appear_v by_o this_o their_o petition_n in_o the_o 17_o of_o this_o king_n it_o have_v send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n many_o age_n before_o though_o the_o precept_n and_o return_v upon_o they_o be_v all_o lose_v and_o that_o not_o only_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n do_v thus_o claim_v by_o prescription_n but_o that_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n have_v always_o claim_v the_o same_o privilege_n may_v appear_v by_o another_o petition_n of_o the_o commons_o house_n extant_a on_o the_o parliament-roll_n of_o the_o 51th_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o 45._o which_o i_o shall_v contract_v and_o put_v into_o english_a out_o of_o french_a recite_v thus_o because_o of_o common_a right_n in_o the_o roll_n de_fw-fr commune_fw-la dâ—oit_fw-fr of_o the_o realm_n there_o be_v and_o shall_v be_v elect_v two_o from_o every_o county_n of_o england_n to_o come_v to_o parliament_n for_o the_o commune_fw-la of_o the_o say_a county_n and_o also_o the_o prelate_n duke_n baron_n count_n baron_n and_o such_o as_o hold_v by_o barony_n which_o be_v and_o shall_v be_v summon_v by_o writ_n to_o come_v to_o parliament_n except_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n who_o ought_v to_o elect_a from_o among_o themselves_o such_o as_o ought_v to_o answer_v for_o they_o whence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o commons_o than_o claim_v to_o come_v to_o parliament_n of_o common_a right_n that_o be_v by_o common_a law_n or_o general_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n as_o much_o as_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o great_a lord_n 2._o that_o neither_o the_o bishop_n lord_n nor_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o authority_n to_o impose_v tax_n or_o make_v law_n for_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o county_n or_o these_o for_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n without_o their_o consent_n because_o they_o have_v each_o of_o they_o representative_n of_o their_o own_o order_n to_o answer_v for_o they_o in_o parliament_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v this_o will_v have_v be_v absolute_o convince_a can_v we_o have_v see_v this_o charter_n of_o k._n athelstans_n but_o since_o the_o townsman_n of_o barnstaple_n do_v only_o in_o their_o petition_n among_o other_o set_v forth_o this_o privilege_n of_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n now_o who_o can_v tell_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n in_o their_o charter_n or_o not_o since_o they_o confess_v they_o have_v lose_v it_o or_o grant_v it_o be_v as_o they_o set_v forth_o yet_o be_v will_v sufficient_o evince_v that_o the_o right_n of_o city_n and_o burrough_n to_o send_v their_o representative_n to_o parliament_n be_v not_o as_o you_o suppose_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o government_n but_o have_v its_o original_a from_o the_o grant_n and_o charter_n of_o former_a king_n f._n as_o to_o these_o objection_n we_o can_v have_v but_o all_o the_o proof_n that_o this_o subject_n be_v capable_a of_o at_o such_o a_o distance_n of_o time_n but_o if_o i_o be_v a_o juryman_n in_o this_o matter_n i_o shall_v rather_o believe_v that_o the_o town_n of_o barnstaple_n have_v such_o charter_n not_o long_o before_o they_o make_v this_o petition_n to_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o clause_n therein_o as_o they_o here_o set_v forth_o than_o that_o these_o townsman_n shall_v be_v so_o impudent_a as_o to_o desire_v a_o new_a charter_n of_o confirmation_n from_o he_o of_o all_o their_o privilege_n of_o which_o this_o of_o elect_v burgess_n be_v one_o if_o there_o have_v never_o be_v any_o such_o clause_n in_o it_o at_o all_o but_o as_o for_o the_o other_o objection_n that_o if_o it_o be_v so_o than_o it_o appear_v that_o all_o the_o right_a of_o city_n and_o burrough_n send_v member_n to_o parliament_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o grant_n and_o charter_n of_o former_a king_n it_o be_v very_o fallacious_a as_o you_o will_v find_v if_o you_o consider_v and_o compare_v the_o ancient_a right_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n as_o also_o of_o all_o the_o temporal_a nobility_n to_o come_v to_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o as_o to_o the_o first_o of_o they_o i_o prove_v to_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o christianity_n itself_o among_o the_o english_a saxon_n and_o as_o for_o the_o priesthood_n and_o nobility_n in_o general_n to_o have_v be_v as_o old_a as_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o government_n itself_o now_o though_o you_o grant_v that_o long_a before_o the_o conquest_n our_o king_n have_v the_o nomination_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n and_o also_o the_o make_n of_o alderman_n earls_z and_o thanes_z who_o make_v the_o temporal_a nobility_n in_o those_o great_a council_n will_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o because_o our_o king_n be_v thus_o entrust_v by_o the_o people_n with_o this_o prerogative_n of_o name_v and_o invest_v bishop_n and_o abbot_n per_fw-la annulum_fw-la &_o baculum_fw-la and_o also_o of_o create_v those_o great_a man_n now_o mention_v that_o therefore_o all_o the_o right_a either_o order_n have_v to_o appear_v at_o those_o council_n not_o only_o proceed_v from_o but_o depend_v whole_o on_o the_o king_n good_a will_n and_o pleasure_n and_o that_o he_o can_v have_v choose_v whether_o he_o will_v have_v name_v any_o bishop_n or_o abbot_n to_o vacant_a see_v and_o abbey_n or_o make_v any_o alderman_n earls_z and_o thanes_z or_o not_o but_o have_v change_v the_o whole_a frame_n of_o the_o government_n into_o a_o absolute_a despotic_a monarchy_n by_o destroy_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n whether_o you_o believe_v the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n will_v have_v suffer_v any_o of_o those_o king_n to_o have_v make_v such_o a_o innovation_n apply_v this_o to_o the_o right_n of_o the_o most_o of_o ancient_a city_n and_o burrough_n in_o england_n and_o see_v if_o it_o do_v not_o exact_o agree_v with_o this_o parallel_a case_n of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o temporal_a nobility_n since_o as_o there_o be_v priest_n and_o noble_n who_o from_o the_o very_a first_o institution_n of_o our_o great_a council_n do_v not_o owe_v their_o original_a to_o the_o king_n but_o bring_v it_o with_o they_o out_o of_o germany_n and_o to_o who_o suffrage_n the_o first_o saxon_n king_n owe_v their_o election_n so_o no_o doubt_n be_v there_o divers_a city_n and_o town_n in_o england_n so_o considerable_a from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o britain_n that_o it_o be_v think_v â—it_a to_o pitch_v upon_o they_o as_o most_o able_a to_o send_v representative_n to_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n that_o so_o they_o may_v imitate_v their_o old_a government_n in_o their_o own_o country_n in_o which_o the_o great_a city_n and_o town_n have_v always_o a_o considerable_a share_n as_o they_o have_v in_o the_o german_a diet_n to_o this_o day_n though_o the_o king_n may_v then_o as_o he_o be_v now_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o prerogative_n of_o make_v new_a city_n and_o burrough_n with_o like_a privilege_n with_o the_o old_a one_o though_o this_o be_v but_o rare_o practise_v till_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n james_n i._o the_o two_o university_n be_v some_o of_o the_o first_o corporation_n on_o which_o he_o confer_v this_o privilege_n by_o charter_n of_o elect_v and_o send_v two_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n which_o power_n have_v i_o confess_v be_v exercise_v even_o to_o a_o grievance_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o his_o son_n and_o grandson_n so_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o there_o be_v a_o law_n pass_v that_o no_o new_a city_n or_o burrow_n shall_v be_v make_v for_o the_o future_a without_o a_o express_a act_n of_o parliament_n now_o i_o will_v very_o glad_o hear_v what_o you_o can_v further_o say_v to_o so_o many_o weighty_a authority_n which_o i_o have_v now_o give_v you_o for_o evident_a it_o be_v that_o if_o they_o be_v compare_v and_o consider_v in_o series_n of_o time_n that_o neither_o edw._n 2d_o or_o 3d_o nor_o their_o judge_n or_o learned_a council_n no_o nor_o the_o parliament_n
be_v the_o bishop_n the_o nobility_n and_o civitatum_fw-la delegati_fw-la the_o deputy_n or_o commissioner_n of_o town_n and_o city_n for_o sweden_n it_o come_v near_o the_o government_n and_o form_n of_o danemark_n and_o have_v the_o same_o estate_n and_o degree_n of_o people_n as_o among_o the_o dane_n that_o be_v to_o say_v proceres_fw-la &_o nobiles_fw-la the_o great_a and_o the_o less_o nobility_n episcopi_fw-la &_o ecclesiastici_fw-la the_o bishop_n and_o inferior_a clergy_n civitates_fw-la &_o vniversitates_fw-la the_o city_n and_o town_n corporate_a for_o so_o i_o think_v he_o mean_v by_o vniversitates_fw-la as_o tâ—uanus_n muster_v they_o 131._o to_o which_o we_o may_v also_o add_v though_o here_o omit_v by_o this_o author_n the_o delegate_n of_o the_o rustic_n or_o husbandman_n who_o make_v a_o four_o estate_n in_o the_o assembly_n of_o estate_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o in_o this_o realm_n the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n enjoy_v the_o place_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n notwithstanding_o the_o alteration_n of_o religion_n to_o this_o very_a day_n the_o bishop_n in_o their_o own_o person_n and_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o the_o clergy_n out_o of_o every_o sochen_n a_o division_n like_o our_o rural_a deanery_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o rest_n have_v a_o necessary_a vote_n in_o all_o their_o parliament_n and_n this_v swedish_n great_a council_n be_v the_o more_o remarkable_a because_o it_o come_v very_o near_o our_o constitution_n in_o england_n in_o which_o i_o prove_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o the_o commons_o not_o except_v the_o mean_a freeholder_n ancient_o have_v their_o representative_n so_o that_o it_o have_v be_v the_o strange_a thing_n that_o can_v have_v be_v observe_v in_o all_o the_o political_a constitution_n on_o this_o side_n of_o europe_n if_o that_o of_o england_n though_o descend_v from_o the_o same_o gothick_n original_a and_o found_v according_a to_o the_o same_o model_n shall_v have_v have_v no_o representative_n for_o the_o commons_o or_o plebian_n in_o their_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n the_o dr._n here_o conclude_v with_o scotland_n and_o england_n the_o former_a of_o which_o since_o you_o agree_v to_o have_v have_v from_o all_o time_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n in_o their_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n i_o need_v not_o repeat_v what_o be_v there_o since_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o you_o yourself_o have_v grant_v and_o as_o for_o england_n he_o own_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o passage_n i_o have_v already_o cite_v out_o of_o this_o chapter_n 193._o that_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n be_v call_v to_o a_o parliament_n hold_v under_o henry_n the_o ad_fw-la at_o clerkâ—nwell_n m_o i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o there_o be_v representative_n of_o the_o city_n and_o great_a town_n in_o the_o great_a council_n or_o assembly_n of_o estate_n of_o all_o those_o kingdom_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v out_o of_o dr._n heylins_n treatise_n yet_o whether_o they_o be_v there_o from_o the_o very_a first_o institution_n of_o those_o government_n be_v much_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o since_o i_o have_v not_o now_o leisure_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o original_a of_o all_o these_o kingdom_n nor_o at_o what_o time_n each_o state_n begin_v to_o come_v to_o these_o great_a council_n give_v i_o leave_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o remark_n that_o all_o these_o kingdom_n except_o sweden_n come_v near_o to_o that_o constitution_n which_o we_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v ancient_o in_o england_n and_o scotland_n and_o also_o other_o kingdom_n where_o feudatory_a tenor_n be_v observe_v and_o consequent_o none_o but_o the_o chief_a lord_n or_o baron_n by_o knight_n service_n 96._o and_o that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n so_o that_o all_o those_o foreign_a council_n or_o dyeâ—s_n etc._n etc._n at_o first_o be_v all_o the_o same_o as_o consist_v of_o emperor_n or_o king_n with_o their_o earl_n and_o baron_n bishop_n and_o great_a officer_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o all_o the_o old_a german_a and_o french_a author_n and_o since_o city_n send_v deputy_n in_o germany_n and_o italy_n 126._o they_o be_v only_o from_o imperial_a city_n the_o like_a i_o believe_v will_v be_v find_v in_o france_n and_o those_o other_o kingdom_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v but_o you_o can_v show_v i_o unless_o in_o sweden_n any_o representative_n elect_v by_o the_o common_a people_n or_o rustic_n distinct_a from_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n like_o our_o knight_n of_o shire_n in_o england_n so_o that_o i_o still_o doubt_v whether_o all_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o other_o nobility_n that_o appear_v in_o the_o council_n of_o these_o kingdom_n be_v not_o all_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o no_o other_o f._n that_o this_o be_v a_o mere_a surmise_n of_o you_o i_o think_v i_o can_v easy_o prove_v for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o for_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o clergy_n who_o still_o make_v the_o first_o estate_n in_o all_o these_o kingdom_n nothing_o be_v more_o certain_a than_o that_o they_o never_o any_o of_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o knight_n service_n and_o therefore_o can_v not_o 〈◊〉_d in_o their_o great_a council_n by_o that_o tenure_n that_o institution_n be_v for_o aught_o as_o i_o know_v peculiar_a to_o england_n and_o introduce_v by_o your_o conqueror_n as_o you_o yourself_o acknowledge_v and_o as_o for_o the_o temporal_a nobility_n you_o will_v find_v that_o in_o france_n not_o only_o those_o nobleman_n that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o military_a service_n but_o those_o who_o hold_v in_o libero_fw-la alodio_n without_o any_o such_o service_n at_o all_o have_v place_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o deputy_n in_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n so_o likewise_o for_o the_o city_n and_o town_n that_o send_v deputy_n to_o it_o i_o believe_v you_o will_v not_o find_v that_o any_o of_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o to_o come_v to_o germany_n you_o be_v likewise_o as_o much_o mistake_v in_o fancy_v that_o all_o the_o imperial_a city_n be_v subject_a immediate_o to_o the_o emperor_n before_o they_o become_v so_o for_o hamburgh_n and_o lubec_n be_v subject_a to_o their_o own_o prince_n the_o former_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n and_o sleswic_n and_o the_o latter_a to_o earl_n of_o its_o own_o till_o at_o last_o they_o either_o purchase_v their_o liberty_n they_o enjoy_v from_o their_o prince_n or_o else_o cast_v they_o off_o and_o be_v after_o receive_v into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o diet_n by_o the_o bull_n or_o charter_n of_o several_a emperor_n 30._o and_o so_o likewise_o brunswick_n be_v always_o a_o fâ—â—e_a city_n till_o it_o be_v unite_v to_o the_o empire_n by_o its_o own_o consent_n i_o can_v show_v you_o the_o like_a of_o several_a other_o city_n now_o call_v imperial_a who_o hold_v ancient_o not_o of_o the_o emperor_n but_o either_o of_o their_o own_o earl_n or_o bishop_n though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v the_o charter_n of_o the_o emperor_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o diet_n that_o give_v they_o a_o place_n in_o those_o assembly_n and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o in_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o these_o kingdom_n the_o mere_a rustic_n or_o paisant_n have_v no_o representative_n in_o their_o great_a council_n yet_o this_o make_v no_o alteration_n in_o the_o case_n if_o you_o please_v to_o consider_v it_o for_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n be_v the_o only_a true_a and_o proper_a owner_n of_o the_o land_n of_o those_o kingdom_n all_o the_o rustic_n or_o paisant_n be_v mere_a vassal_n and_o in_o france_n almost_o slave_n to_o their_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n who_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v have_v all_o alike_a vote_n in_o their_o assembly_n of_o estate_n as_o well_o those_o who_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o chief_a by_o knight_n service_n as_o those_o that_o do_v not_o whereas_o it_o be_v always_o far_o otherwise_o in_o england_n where_o the_o mean_a freeholder_n be_v always_o as_o free_a as_o to_o his_o person_n and_o estate_n as_o the_o great_a lord_n of_o who_o he_o hold_v and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o have_v have_v from_o all_o time_n those_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o yeoman_n so_o peculiar_a to_o england_n as_o fortiscut_n in_o his_o treatise_n de_fw-fr laudibus_fw-la legum_n angliae_fw-la take_v notice_n who_o if_o they_o live_v on_o their_o own_o land_n have_v no_o more_o dependence_n on_o the_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n than_o they_o have_v now_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v but_o reason_n that_o these_o shall_v have_v their_o representative_n in_o parliament_n as_o well_o as_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n who_o have_v most_o of_o they_o a_o far_o less_o share_n in_o the_o riches_n and_o real_a estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n second_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o europe_n except_o
england_n and_o scotland_n there_o be_v no_o difference_n in_o point_n of_o privilege_n as_o to_o be_v tax_v or_o have_v voice_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n between_o the_o high_a nobility_n such_o as_o have_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n marquess_n and_o count_n and_o simple_a gentleman_n whereas_o in_o england_n it_o have_v be_v always_o otherwise_o at_o least_o since_o the_o conquest_n and_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n have_v by_o 〈◊〉_d tenor_n place_n as_o lord_n or_o peer_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o so_o make_v a_o distinct_a body_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n whereas_o in_o other_o country_n the_o high_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n be_v reckon_v as_o all_o one_o estate_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v but_o reason_n that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o inferior_a nobility_n or_o gentry_n shall_v have_v their_o representative_n in_o this_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n or_o otherwise_o they_o will_v have_v be_v as_o very_a vassal_n as_o to_o their_o estate_n to_o the_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o boor_n in_o germany_n or_o the_o paisant_n in_o france_n be_v to_o their_o lord_n by_o who_o they_o be_v tax_v aâ—_n their_o pleasure_n which_o they_o never_o be_v in_o england_n as_o we_o can_v find_v either_o from_o history_n or_o record_n so_o that_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o it_o be_v the_o municipal_a law_n of_o each_o kingdom_n or_o nation_n that_o must_v determine_v what_o be_v the_o govern_v part_n of_o the_o people_n in_o those_o country_n yet_o though_o that_o be_v not_o absolute_o the_o same_o in_o all_o of_o they_o as_o it_o be_v in_o england_n yet_o we_o find_v it_o so_o in_o the_o main_a and_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o city_n and_o town_n do_v sufficient_o assert_v the_o right_n of_o the_o plebian_n or_o common_a people_n who_o make_v the_o 3d_o estate_n in_o those_o great_a council_n but_o i_o must_v here_o except_v sweden_n in_o which_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o mere_a rustic_n or_o boor_n have_v always_o their_o own_o deputy_n in_o their_o diet_n as_o well_o as_o the_o city_n and_o town_n and_o if_o sweden_n have_v this_o privilege_n i_o can_v see_v why_o the_o english_a gentry_n and_o yeomanry_n who_o make_v but_o one_o body_n of_o commons_o may_v not_o have_v have_v the_o like_a till_o you_o can_v show_v i_o more_o sufficient_a proof_n to_o the_o contrary_n m_o well_o siâ—_n i_o shall_v consider_v of_o what_o you_o say_v but_o since_o it_o grow_v late_a that_o we_o may_v wind_v up_o this_o conversation_n as_o fast_o as_o we_o can_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o though_o i_o shall_v admit_v all_o that_o you_o have_v hitherto_o aver_v for_o truth_n and_o that_o we_o shall_v grant_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n to_o have_v be_v as_o ancient_a a_o part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n as_o any_o of_o the_o other_o two_o what_o be_v that_o to_o the_o main_a point_n in_o question_n between_o we_o viz_o that_o of_o nonresistance_a of_o the_o king_n upon_o any_o account_n whatsoever_o or_o how_o can_v you_o justsfie_v those_o of_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n for_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n and_o contribute_v so_o much_o as_o they_o have_v do_v to_o the_o drive_v he_o away_o and_o in_o bring_v thing_n to_o this_o confusion_n they_o be_v now_o in_o since_o let_v your_o constitution_n of_o great_a council_n and_o parliament_n be_v never_o so_o ancient_a let_v we_o also_o for_o once_o suppose_v they_o as_o you_o do_v to_o have_v a_o share_n in_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o the_o nation_n yet_o how_o can_v this_o authorise_v they_o much_o less_o any_o private_a person_n out_o of_o parliament_n to_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n or_o those_o commission_v by_o he_o since_o the_o whole_a current_n both_o of_o common_a as_o well_o as_o statute-law_n run_v direct_o against_o you_o and_o all_o with_o one_o consent_n assert_v that_o the_o disposal_n of_o the_o militia_n or_o military_a force_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v be_v even_o so_o absolute_o in_o the_o king_n power_n and_o at_o his_o disposal_n that_o no_o man_n can_v without_o be_v guilty_a of_o treason_n take_v up_o arm_n whether_o offensive_a or_o defensive_a without_o his_o commission_n to_o authorise_v he_o to_o do_v it_o so_o that_o no_o government_n in_o the_o world_n be_v more_o averse_a to_o all_o forcible_a resistance_n than_o our_o own_o the_o king_n have_v be_v even_o from_o your_o time_n beyond_o memory_n so_o full_o possess_v of_o the_o whole_a militia_n or_o power_n of_o raise_v offensive_a or_o defensive_a arm_n in_o this_o kingdom_n that_o it_o be_v express_o forbid_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o seven_o ed._n i._o against_o come_v to_o parliament_n and_o treatise_n with_o force_n of_o arm_n in_o which_o the_o king_n set_v forth_o that_o in_o the_o last_o parliament_n the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o the_o 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the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n in_o former_a age_n but_o that_o it_o have_v be_v also_o allow_v by_o our_o king_n and_o approve_v of_o by_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n in_o those_o time_n for_o lawful_a and_o the_o actor_n in_o it_o whole_o indemnify_v and_o save_v harmless_a nay_o a_o power_n give_v they_o and_o that_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o to_o resist_v he_o and_o defend_v themselves_o in_o case_n he_o break_v his_o charter_n and_o agreement_n make_v to_o and_o with_o his_o nobility_n and_o people_n or_o else_o with_o some_o foreign_a prince_n may_v appear_v from_o this_o remarkable_a instance_n of_o king_n henry_n two_o at_o the_o end_n of_o who_o reign_n hoveden_n in_o his_o annal_n poster_n give_v we_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o peace_n make_v in_o the_o last_o year_n of_o this_o king_n between_o he_o and_o philip_n king_n of_o france_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o bishop_n earls_z and_o baron_n where_o among_o other_o article_n you_o will_v find_v this_o for_o one_o particular_o relate_v to_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n who_o be_v also_o to_o swear_v to_o the_o peace_n in_o these_o term_n et_fw-la omnes_fw-la barones_n angliae_fw-la jurabunt_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la noluerit_fw-la have_v conditiones_n tenere_fw-la quod_fw-la ipsi_fw-la tenebunt_fw-la cum_fw-la rege_fw-la francia_fw-la &_o comite_fw-la richardo_n &_o choose_fw-la adjâ—vabunt_fw-la pro_fw-la posse_fw-la contra_fw-la regeâ—_n angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n whence_o we_o may_v without_o doubt_n conclude_v that_o the_o resistance_n of_o subject_n in_o some_o case_n against_o their_o king_n be_v then_o allow_v of_o even_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o think_v not_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o allegiance_n they_o bear_v he_o though_o it_o may_v suspend_v it_o for_o a_o time_n m._n i_o confess_v this_o instance_n will_v be_v of_o some_o weight_n be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o critical_a time_n when_o this_o peace_n be_v make_v viz._n when_o richard_n earl_n of_o 〈◊〉_d the_o king_n be_v elder_a son_n have_v rebel_v against_o his_o father_n and_o take_v part_n with_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o have_v draw_v over_o a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o norman_a and_o pictavian_n and_o english_a baron_n to_o his_o party_n which_o when_o king_n henry_n perceive_v this_o very_a author_n you_o have_v quote_v here_o tell_v you_o quod_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o arcto_fw-la positus_fw-la pacem_fw-la fecit_fw-la cum_fw-la rege_fw-la philippo_n that_o be_v be_v constrain_v to_o make_v peace_n with_o he_o so_o that_o king_n henry_n be_v in_o this_o straight_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o earl_n richard_n with_o the_o baron_n of_o his_o party_n force_a king_n henry_n to_o sign_n what_o condition_n they_o please_v for_o there_o it_o no_o such_o clause_n so_o much_o as_o mention_v for_o the_o french_a baron_n but_o make_v the_o most_o of_o it_o it_o be_v but_o a_o temporary_a relaxation_n of_o allegiance_n from_o king_n henry_n to_o his_o baron_n and_o the_o king_n may_v sure_o thus_o release_v they_o if_o he_o please_v but_o it_o be_v plain_a they_o can_v not_o have_v act_v thus_o without_o this_o condition_n have_v be_v express_o infer_v f._n well_o suppose_v king_n henry_n to_o have_v be_v never_o so_o much_o constrain_v to_o the_o make_n of_o these_o condition_n and_o that_o it_o be_v his_o own_o act_n that_o render_v it_o lawful_a it_o still_o prove_v as_o much_o as_o i_o urge_v it_o for_o viz._n that_o neither_o the_o king_n of_o france_n or_o england_n then_o think_v this_o resistance_n absolute_o unlawful_a for_o then_o the_o king_n be_v own_o act_n can_v never_o have_v dispense_v with_o it_o but_o to_o show_v you_o far_o that_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n have_v ever_o maintain_v this_o right_n of_o resistance_n even_o with_o the_o allowance_n of_o our_o king_n themselves_o and_o for_o the_o do_v
you_o quote_v it_o yet_o i_o much_o doubt_v whether_o it_o be_v of_o any_o validity_n be_v no_o doubt_n draw_v up_o by_o the_o baron_n then_o in_o arm_n and_o which_o the_o king_n dare_v not_o at_o that_o time_n refuse_v and_o so_o he_o be_v indeed_o under_o a_o kind_n of_o duress_n when_o he_o do_v it_o and_o beside_o pray_v mark_v the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o clause_n this_o resistance_n be_v to_o be_v salva_n persona_fw-la nostra_fw-la &_o reginae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la &_o liberorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la cum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la emendatum_fw-la intendent_a nos_fw-la sicut_fw-la prius_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la now_o how_o this_o security_n here_o reserve_v for_o the_o king_n person_n can_v consist_v with_o that_o open_a war_n the_o baron_n make_v afterward_o against_o his_o very_a person_n and_o cast_v off_o all_o their_o allegiance_n to_o their_o natural_a prince_n and_o call_v in_o prince_n lewis_n son_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n i_o can_v understand_v f._n i_o think_v all_o this_o 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special_a act_n of_o parliament_n and_o what_o be_v most_o remarkable_a the_o commons_o in_o the_o long_a parliament_n of_o charles_n the_o second_o do_v by_o their_o vote_n enter_v upon_o their_o journal_o declare_v and_o assert_v that_o by_o law_n no_o arm_a force_n can_v be_v keep_v up_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n except_o the_o militia_n and_o as_o for_o foreign_a succour_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o be_v carry_v immediate_o to_o the_o port_n of_o their_o discharge_n and_o be_v not_o to_o exceed_v one_o month_n at_o further_a from_o the_o time_n of_o their_o first_o muster_n as_o for_o castle_n and_o fort_n within_o the_o realm_n they_o be_v all_o supply_v and_o defend_v by_o tenor_n but_o for_o the_o militia_n of_o old_a time_n it_o be_v in_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n to_o make_v use_n thereof_o for_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o law_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n except_o in_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a and_o it_o be_v treason_n for_o any_o subject_a to_o levy_v soldier_n except_o by_o the_o king_n commission_n and_o in_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a or_o so_o much_o as_o to_o ride_v or_o go_v arm_v as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o northampton_n in_o the_o 2d_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o much_o less_o be_v it_o lawful_a for_o they_o to_o take_v up_o arm_n unless_o in_o their_o own_o defence_n against_o illegal_a violence_n and_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o the_o law_n direct_v and_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o article_n that_o be_v adjudge_v to_o be_v treason_n in_o parliament_n against_o mortimer_n second_o that_o he_o rid_v arm_v to_o parliament_n and_o threaten_v the_o prelate_n and_o peer_n that_o do_v any_o thing_n against_o his_o will_n and_o cause_v the_o king_n to_o make_v war_n on_o his_o noble_n who_o advise_v the_o king_n to_o levy_v war_n upon_o his_o subject_n see_v coke_n four_o institutes_n title_n council-board_n where_o the_o four_o article_n against_o the_o spencer_n be_v that_o they_o false_o and_o malicious_o have_v counsel_v the_o king_n to_o raise_v horse_n and_o arm_n in_o destruction_n of_o the_o good_a people_n against_o the_o form_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o so_o by_o their_o evil_a counsel_n will_v have_v move_v war_n within_o the_o realm_n to_o the_o destruction_n of_o holy_a church_n and_o of_o the_o people_n for_o their_o proper_a quarrel_n so_o that_o take_v arm_n by_o the_o king_n against_o his_o subject_n and_o the_o subject_n against_o the_o king_n be_v both_o alike_o against_o law_n 2_o that_o take_v arm_n against_o the_o king_n in_o construction_n of_o law_n be_v levy_v war_n but_o this_o by_o no_o mean_n extend_v to_o defensive_a arm_n in_o maintenance_n of_o the_o law_n which_o be_v allow_v and_o enjoin_v and_o that_o nothing_o else_o be_v here_o mean_a be_v plain_a
question_n pray_v therefore_o satisfy_v i_o if_o you_o can_v those_o great_a objection_n i_o have_v make_v first_o how_o this_o resistance_n can_v consist_v with_o with_o that_o sacredness_n and_o inviolableness_n which_o you_o yourself_o suppose_v to_o be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n person_n for_o either_o this_o resistance_n in_o case_n of_o a_o invasion_n of_o our_o civil_a right_n must_v be_v make_v even_o when_o the_o king_n person_n be_v actual_o present_a to_o back_o those_o illegal_a commission_n or_o it_o must_v be_v forbear_v out_o of_o that_o due_a reverence_n and_o care_n of_o his_o royal_a person_n which_o the_o law_n enjoin_v if_o the_o former_a the_o king_n person_n be_v in_o danger_n to_o be_v destroy_v whenever_o a_o faction_n party_n be_v strong_a enough_o to_o rise_v in_o arm_n and_o oppose_v the_o king_n commission_n upon_o pretence_n of_o their_o be_v against_o law_n but_o if_o on_o the_o other_o side_n this_o resistance_n be_v not_o allowable_a when_o the_o king_n person_n be_v present_a than_o all_o such_o resistance_n will_v signify_v nothing_o since_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o the_o king_n in_o person_n shall_v appear_v in_o the_o field_n to_o back_v his_o commission_n all_o your_o defensive_a arm_n as_o you_o call_v they_o must_v be_v immediate_o lay_v down_o unless_o they_o mean_v to_o destroy_v the_o sacred_a person_n of_o the_o king_n so_o that_o take_v it_o either_o way_n all_o resistance_n be_v either_o illegal_a or_o else_o unpracticable_a second_o i_o can_v as_o little_o understand_v as_o i_o tell_v you_o before_o how_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n shall_v renounce_v all_o take_n up_o arm_n as_o well_o offensive_a as_o defensive_a against_o the_o king_n for_o themselves_o and_o yet_o shall_v leave_v a_o power_n in_o the_o diffusive_a body_n of_o the_o nation_n nay_o in_o any_o part_n thereof_o strong_a enough_o to_o make_v a_o rebellion_n which_o they_o think_v unlawful_a to_o exercise_v themselves_o last_o by_o what_o legal_a authority_n the_o people_n or_o any_o part_n of_o it_o can_v justify_v the_o take_n up_o even_o defensive_a arm_n since_o you_o yourself_o acknowledge_v that_o no_o arm_n can_v be_v take_v up_o regular_o but_o by_o the_o king_n authority_n and_o you_o have_v also_o disclaim_v all_o take_n up_o of_o arm_n by_o his_o authority_n against_o his_o person_n or_o against_o those_o commissioned_n by_o virtue_n of_o such_o authority_n though_o i_o confess_v you_o except_o the_o case_n of_o self-defence_n and_o in_o maintenance_n of_o the_o law_n yet_o i_o can_v find_v those_o exception_n allow_v of_o in_o any_o of_o our_o law-book_n either_o ancient_a or_o modern_a f._n i_o hope_v to_o give_v you_o such_o satisfaction_n to_o every_o one_o of_o these_o objection_n you_o have_v make_v as_o may_v serve_v any_o indifferent_a person_n therefore_o as_o to_o the_o first_o concern_v the_o sacredness_n of_o the_o king_n person_n which_o i_o allow_v of_o as_o well_o as_o you_o we_o must_v in_o the_o first_o place_n distinguish_v between_o such_o commission_n as_o the_o king_n assure_v by_o colour_n of_o law_n when_o the_o judge_n for_o example_n have_v give_v their_o opinion_n in_o the_o case_n of_o ship-money_n for_o they_o be_v the_o sole_a interpreter_n of_o the_o law_n in_o the_o interval_n of_o parliament_n i_o do_v acknowledge_v that_o their_o determination_n be_v not_o to_o be_v oppose_v by_o force_n but_o legal_o reverse_v when_o the_o next_o parliament_n meeâ—_n and_o they_o be_v then_o to_o answer_v in_o parliament_n for_o their_o false_a interpretation_n and_o opinion_n as_o tresillian_n and_o his_o companion_n do_v in_o the_o 11_o of_o richard_n ii_o and_o as_o the_o ten_o judge_n do_v upon_o the_o two_o house_n declaration_n against_o ship-money_n and_o their_o impeachment_n thereupon_o thus_o though_o mr._n hammpden_n refuse_v to_o pay_v ship-money_n when_o demand_v of_o he_o and_o rather_o choose_v to_o lie_v in_o prison_n than_o pay_v it_o yet_o it_o have_v be_v downright_a rebellion_n in_o case_n any_o resistance_n have_v be_v make_v by_o he_o against_o the_o levy_n of_o it_o but_o have_v this_o tax_n be_v lay_v by_o the_o king_n be_v sole_a power_n without_o such_o colour_n of_o law_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o resistance_n may_v have_v be_v make_v even_o against_o those_o that_o be_v commissioned_n by_o he_o to_o levy_v it_o and_o if_o any_o one_o town_n or_o hundred_o be_v not_o strong_a enough_o to_o seize_v such_o officer_n as_o presume_v thus_o to_o levy_v it_o against_o law_n the_o sheriff_n of_o every_o county_n in_o england_n may_v have_v raise_v the_o posse_fw-la comitatus_fw-la and_o seize_v all_o such_o offender_n and_o carry_v they_o to_o jail_n since_o the_o king_n commission_n never_o do_v nor_o can_v indemnify_v the_o person_n so_o commissioned_n in_o case_n the_o thing_n they_o be_v about_o to_o execute_v be_v contrary_a to_o law_n and_o for_o this_o i_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o old_a mirror_n of_o justice_n 10._o which_o be_v own_v for_o good_a law_n at_o this_o day_n which_o speak_v of_o robbery_n and_o the_o several_a kind_n thereof_o have_v this_o passage_n which_o i_o shall_v here_o render_v out_o of_o the_o old_a law_n french_a into_o this_o offence_n viz._n robbery_n all_o those_o fall_n that_o take_v other_o man_n good_n by_o commandment_n of_o the_o king_n or_o any_o great_a lord_n without_o the_o owner_n consent_n where_o you_o see_v there_o be_v no_o difference_n at_o all_o make_v between_o those_o that_o take_v away_o other_o man_n good_n by_o the_o command_n of_o the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o but_o it_o be_v robbery_n in_o all_o of_o they_o alike_o and_o consequent_o the_o actor_n may_v be_v alike_o seize_v and_o punish_v as_o robber_n the_o same_o be_v also_o allow_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 20_o of_o henry_n the_o 6_o whereby_o the_o king_n purveyor_n be_v forbid_v to_o take_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o value_n of_o 40_o s._n or_o under_o 8._o without_o ready_a payment_n in_o hand_n of_o any_o person_n 〈◊〉_d that_o it_o then_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o every_o one_o of_o the_o king_n liege-people_n to_o retain_v their_o good_n and_o chattel_n and_o to_o resist_v such_o purveyor_n and_o buyer_n so_o likewise_o the_o last_o clause_n in_o this_o oath_n viz._n in_o pursuance_n of_o such_o military_a commission_n seem_v to_o restrain_v it_o to_o such_o commission_n as_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o king_n authority_n that_o be_v according_a to_o law_n and_o no_o other_o so_o that_o you_o see_v by_o the_o old_a law_n of_o england_n the_o king_n commission_n do_v not_o render_v any_o man_n irresistible_a unless_o he_o execute_v it_o according_a to_o law_n since_o the_o constable_n of_o each_o town_n may_v raise_v the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o to_o seize_v such_o wrong-doer_n and_o if_o they_o be_v not_o strong_a enough_o the_o high-constable_n of_o the_o hundred_o may_v raise_v the_o whole_a hundred_o and_o in_o case_n they_o be_v not_o sufficient_a the_o high_a 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downright_a treason_n to_o resist_v they_o and_o if_o this_o be_v so_o the_o last_o difficulty_n will_v be_v easy_o answer_v viz._n by_o what_o authority_n or_o commission_n the_o people_n may_v make_v this_o general_a resistance_n to_o this_o i_o say_v that_o in_o the_o first_o place_n all_o commission_n grant_v to_o person_n uncapable_a by_o law_n to_o take_v they_o or_o for_o illegal_a purpose_n be_v to_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v issue_v contrary_a to_o the_o king_n will_v and_o knowledge_n and_o therefore_o be_v to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o void_a in_o law_n and_o consequent_o the_o person_n not_o to_o be_v commission_v at_o all_o and_o so_o may_v be_v resist_v by_o the_o king_n legal_a officer_n all_o over_o england_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v but_o if_o once_o the_o king_n shall_v countenance_v and_o abett_n such_o robber_n by_o his_o own_o personal_a presence_n this_o resistance_n may_v then_o be_v make_v and_o justify_v by_o the_o whole_a nation_n not_o by_o the_o 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of_o the_o same_o author_n that_o there_o be_v no_o remedy_n lest_o against_o the_o king_n in_o case_n he_o do_v wrong_a or_o oppress_v any_o man_n but_o only_a petition_n and_o after_o that_o the_o only_a remedy_n be_v expectet_fw-la deum_fw-la ultorem_fw-la in_o case_n he_o refuse_v to_o do_v right_a this_o be_v to_o be_v only_o understand_v of_o remedy_n in_o ordinary_a court_n of_o justice_n and_o by_o ordinary_a mean_n for_o otherwise_o this_o author_n will_v contradict_v himself_o whereas_o he_o tell_v we_o express_o as_o i_o have_v already_o note_v out_o of_o bracton_n and_o fleta_n in_o populo_fw-la regendo_fw-la rex_fw-la habet_fw-la superiores_fw-la legem_fw-la per_fw-la quam_fw-la factus_fw-la est_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la viz._n comites_fw-la &_o barones_n that_o be_v the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n call_v by_o way_n of_o eminency_n the_o earl_n and_o baron_n who_o he_o here_o say_v debent_fw-la ei_fw-la sâ—â—â—num_fw-la imponere_fw-la in_o case_n 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no_o man_n will_v say_v that_o their_o acclamation_n and_o cry_v yea_o yea_o will_v make_v our_o king_n elective_a any_o more_o than_o it_o can_v do_v it_o in_o the_o case_n of_o k._n william_n who_o have_v a_o title_n by_o conquest_n precedent_n to_o this_o prâ—tended_a election_n though_o i_o grant_v this_o custom_n may_v have_v be_v in_o use_n ever_o fine_v this_o coronation_n of_o the_o conqueror_n but_o that_o king_n william_n claim_v indeed_o by_o conquest_n and_o by_o no_o other_o title_n let_v we_o not_o mind_v his_o specious_a colourable_a pretence_n but_o his_o action_n which_o be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o the_o thought_n of_o prince_n and_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o through_o all_o his_o reign_n he_o govern_v this_o kingdom_n as_o a_o conqueror_n and_o this_o i_o shall_v prove_v by_o make_v good_a the_o three_o instance_n i_o have_v already_o give_v of_o his_o great_a alteration_n of_o the_o property_n law_n and_o civil_a liberty_n of_o the_o people_n of_o this_o 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sufficient_a come_v from_o a_o author_n of_o such_o credit_n and_o live_v so_o very_a near_o the_o time_n but_o beside_o he_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o the_o authority_n of_o divers_a other_o author_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o particular_o ordericus_n vitalis_n who_o you_o but_o now_o cite_v tell_v we_o how_o william_n the_o first_o circumvent_v the_o two_o great_a earl_n of_o moreâ—a_n and_o that_o after_o edwin_n be_v slay_v and_o morcar_n imprison_v than_o king_n william_n begin_v to_o show_v himself_o and_o give_v his_o assistant_n the_o best_a and_o most_o considerable_a county_n in_o england_n and_o make_v rich_a colonel_n and_o captain_n of_o very_o mean_a norman_n and_o that_o he_o thus_o dispose_v of_o whole_a county_n to_o divers_a great_a man_n appear_v by_o domesday_n book_n wherein_o it_o be_v see_v that_o the_o whole_a county_n of_o chester_n be_v give_v by_o the_o conqueror_n to_o â—upus_fw-la a_o norman_a so_o likewise_o the_o great_a part_n of_o shropshire_n be_v give_v to_o monâ—gomery_n and_o further_o he_o take_v away_o from_o the_o english_a their_o estate_n and_o give_v they_o to_o his_o norman_n and_o this_o he_o do_v from_o his_o first_o come_v in_o for_o fitz-osbern_n be_v make_v earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o hereford_n at_o his_o first_o come_v in_o and_o be_v lord_n of_o bettivil_a in_o normandy_n and_o establish_v the_o law_n of_o that_o town_n at_o hereford_n alan_n earl_n of_o bâ—itain_n have_v all_o earl_n edwin_n land_n give_v to_o he_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o york_n about_o three_o year_n after_o his_o arrival_n to_o these_o i_o may_v add_v the_o 795_o manor_n robert_n earl_n of_o morâ—ton_n in_o normandy_n and_o cornwall_n in_o england_n have_v give_v to_o he_o by_o k._n william_n so_o likewise_o â—lan_o earl_n of_o britain_n and_o richmond_n 442_o manor_n and_o jeffery_n bishop_n of_o constance_n have_v 280_o manner_n give_v he_o by_o the_o conqueror_n beside_o many_o other_o land_n of_o the_o saxon_a earl_n thain_n etc._n 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to_o private_a church_n and_o if_o his_o noble_n or_o follower_n have_v unjust_o dissieâ—ed_v any_o bishop_n or_o abbot_n of_o their_o estate_n the_o king_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v restore_v again_o as_o appear_v by_o many_o precedent_n of_o this_o kind_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o ingulphus_n and_o eadmerus_n this_o be_v premise_v let_v we_o see_v in_o the_o next_o place_n what_o proportion_n the_o land_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n do_v in_o those_o day_n bear_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o land_n in_o england_n now_o we_o find_v in_o sprot_n chronicle_n as_o also_o from_o the_o old_a legierbook_n cite_v by_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n and_o particular_o from_o that_o secretum_fw-la abbotis_n former_o belong_v to_o the_o abbey_n of_o glassenbury_n and_o now_o in_o the_o library_n of_o the_o university_n of_o oxon_n that_o there_o be_v not_o long_o after_o your_o conquest_n 60215_o knight_n fee_n in_o england_n of_o which_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o 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baronibus_fw-la francigenis_n &_o anglis_fw-la or_o else_o omnibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la francis_n &_o anglis_fw-la salutem_fw-la the_o like_a charter_n also_o appear_v of_o henry_n j._n and_o the_o empress_n maud_n his_o daughter_n so_o that_o if_o francigena_n and_o francus_n signify_v a_o frenchman_n and_o anglus_fw-la and_o englishman_n and_o if_o fidelis_n do_v as_o your_o dr._n will_v have_v it_o signify_v a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la than_o i_o think_v nothing_o be_v plain_a than_o that_o there_o be_v for_o great_a part_n of_o king_n william_n reign_n both_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o english_a extraction_n but_o to_o come_v to_o particular_a person_n it_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o saxon_a or_o english_a name_n in_o doomsday_n book_n as_o also_o by_o several_a recital_n therein_o that_o there_o be_v divers_a english_a
but_o it_o be_v very_o strange_a to_o i_o that_o none_o of_o they_o depose_v any_o thing_n concern_v their_o see_v any_o milk_n come_v from_o her_o majesty_n breast_n after_o she_o be_v deliver_v and_o perhaps_o there_o be_v good_a reason_n for_o it_o for_o i_o have_v have_v it_o from_o good_a hand_n that_o she_o have_v none_o afterward_o whatever_o she_o have_v before_o the_o reason_n of_o which_o deserve_v to_o be_v inquire_v into_o since_o it_o be_v very_o rare_a but_o as_o for_o the_o midwife_n her_o deposition_n be_v equivocal_a that_o she_o take_v a_o child_n from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o queen_n she_o be_v also_o a_o papist_n and_o consequent_o a_o suspect_a witness_n in_o this_o cause_n whereas_o all_o this_o may_v have_v be_v prevent_v have_v the_o queen_n be_v she_o real_o with_o child_n be_v persuade_v to_o be_v deliver_v not_o within_o the_o bed_n but_o upon_o a_o pallate_n where_o all_o the_o person_n who_o business_n and_o concern_v it_o be_v to_o be_v present_a may_v 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very_a rude_a and_o undutiful_a message_n desire_v he_o no_o less_o than_o to_o depart_v the_o next_o morning_n from_o his_o palace_n to_o a_o private_a house_n in_o the_o country_n altogether_o unfit_a for_o the_o reception_n of_o his_o majesty_n and_o those_o guard_n and_o attendance_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o his_o security_n nor_o will_v these_o lord_n stay_v till_o the_o morning_n but_o disturb_v his_o rest_n deliver_v their_o message_n at_o twelve_o a_o clock_n at_o night_n nor_o do_v they_o give_v he_o any_o long_a time_n than_o till_o the_o next_o morning_n to_o prepare_v himself_o to_o be_v go_v and_o then_o the_o king_n be_v carry_v away_o to_o rochester_n under_o the_o conduct_n not_o of_o his_o own_o but_o of_o the_o prince_n dutch_a guard_n in_o who_o custody_n his_o majesty_n continue_v for_o those_o few_o day_n he_o think_v fit_a to_o stay_v there_o till_o his_o departure_n from_o thence_o in_o order_n to_o his_o passage_n into_o france_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o prince_n have_v render_v the_o breach_n irreconcilable_a between_o his_o majesty_n and_o himself_o for_o whereas_o if_o he_o have_v come_v to_o st._n james_n in_o pursuance_n of_o the_o king_n invitation_n and_o have_v renew_v the_o treaty_n which_o be_v unhappy_o break_v off_o by_o the_o king_n first_o go_v away_o there_o may_v have_v be_v in_o great_a probability_n a_o happy_a and_o last_a reconciliation_n make_v between_o they_o upon_o such_o term_n as_o may_v have_v be_v a_o sufficient_a security_n for_o the_o church_n of_o england_n as_o also_o for_o the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a which_o you_o so_o earnest_o contend_v for_o whereas_o by_o the_o convention_n declare_v the_o throne_n vacant_a and_o place_v the_o prince_n and_o princess_n of_o orange_n therein_o they_o have_v entail_v a_o last_a war_n not_o only_o upon_o we_o but_o our_o posterity_n as_o long_o as_o his_o majesty_n live_v and_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o his_o issue_n if_o he_o live_v to_o have_v any_o be_v in_o be_v f._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v make_v a_o very_a tragical_a relation_n of_o this_o affair_n and_o any_o one_o that_o do_v not_o understand_v the_o ground_n of_o it_o will_v believe_v that_o king_n james_n be_v quiet_o settle_v in_o his_o throne_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n refuse_v all_o term_n of_o reconciliation_n have_v seize_v upon_o his_o palace_n and_o carry_v he_o away_o captive_a into_o a_o prison_n whereas_o indeed_o there_o be_v nothing_o transact_v in_o all_o this_o affair_n which_o may_v not_o be_v justify_v by_o the_o strict_a rule_n of_o honour_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o the_o do_v of_o which_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o look_v back_o and_o consider_v the_o state_n of_o affair_n immediate_o after_o the_o king_n leave_v salisbury_n and_o come_v to_o whitehall_n where_o one_o of_o the_o first_o thing_n he_o do_v after_o he_o be_v arrive_v be_v to_o issue_v out_o a_o proclamation_n for_o the_o call_n a_o new_a parliament_n 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popish_a faction_n instead_o of_o suffer_v the_o election_n for_o parliament-man_n to_o proceed_v as_o he_o have_v promise_v and_o as_o be_v hope_v for_o by_o we_o all_o on_o a_o sudden_a he_o order_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o writ_n for_o election_n that_o be_v not_o send_v down_o to_o be_v burn_v and_o a_o caveat_n to_o be_v enter_v against_o the_o make_n use_n of_o those_o that_o be_v send_v already_o into_o the_o country_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o send_v order_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o feversham_n to_o disband_v the_o army_n and_o dismiss_v all_o the_o soldier_n with_o their_o arms._n but_o i_o have_v forget_v to_o put_v you_o in_o mind_n that_o just_a before_o this_o the_o king_n have_v send_v away_o the_o queen_n with_o the_o prince_n into_o france_n and_o that_o she_o carry_v the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n along_o with_o she_o whereby_o it_o be_v plain_a the_o king_n intend_v to_o put_v it_o whole_o out_o of_o his_o power_n to_o issue_v out_o any_o writ_n or_o 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a_o true_a and_o fair_a narrative_a of_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o shall_v only_o offer_v two_o or_o three_o question_n to_o your_o consideration_n and_o desire_v you_o will_v give_v i_o a_o fair_a and_o satisfactory_a answer_n to_o they_o first_o pray_v tell_v i_o whether_o it_o be_v not_o the_o king_n fault_n that_o it_o be_v render_v impossible_a for_o parliament-man_n to_o be_v elect_v by_o burn_v of_o the_o writ_n and_o send_v away_o the_o great_a seal_n second_o whether_o the_o king_n by_o first_o steal_v away_o do_v not_o plain_o confess_v himself_o conquer_v by_o the_o prince_n and_o do_v thereby_o abdicate_v the_o government_n also_o by_o his_o obstinate_a refusal_n to_o redress_v the_o grievance_n of_o the_o nation_n have_v forfeit_v his_o crown_n and_o all_o allegiance_n from_o his_o subject_n and_o be_v not_o after_o this_o to_o be_v own_a as_o king_n of_o england_n either_o by_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n or_o any_o body_n else_o and_o therefore_o whatever_o treatment_n 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queen_n nor_o do_v she_o ever_o exercise_v those_o great_a prerogative_n of_o sovereign_a power_n viz._n call_v of_o great_a council_n make_v of_o law_n raise_v of_o tax_n or_o coin_v mony_n but_o whereas_o you_o represent_v king_n stephen_n to_o have_v be_v elect_v but_o by_o a_o very_a small_a party_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o nobleman_n of_o england_n yet_o it_o be_v very_o much_o to_o be_v doubt_v whether_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n who_o dedicate_v his_o history_n to_o robert_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n king_n stephen_n great_a enemy_n be_v no_o friend_n to_o his_o title_n be_v to_o be_v altogether_o credit_v in_o this_o matter_n for_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n who_o live_v not_o long_o after_o tell_v we_o express_o 386._o that_o omnes_fw-la qui_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la juraverant_fw-la tam_fw-la praesules_fw-la quam_fw-la consules_a &_o principes_fw-la assensum_fw-la stephano_n praebutrunt_fw-la &_o hominium_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la and_o it_o be_v also_o as_o certain_a that_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o chester_n the_o two_o great_a man_n of_o england_n do_v then_o likewise_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o he_o and_o own_o his_o title_n though_o they_o afterward_o revolt_v from_o he_o again_o yet_o can_v they_o do_v nothing_o considerable_a against_o he_o till_o his_o own_o brother_n the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n revolt_v also_o from_o he_o upon_o pretence_n that_o the_o king_n have_v violate_v the_o right_n of_o the_o church_n and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o after_o the_o empress_n departure_n out_o of_o england_n duke_z henry_n her_o son_n come_v over_o and_o prosecute_v the_o war_n against_o king_n stephen_n yet_o can_v it_o not_o be_v in_o his_o own_o but_o his_o mother_n right_o who_o be_v then_o alive_a nor_o can_v the_o agreement_n you_o mention_v be_v make_v between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o duke_n as_o have_v then_o a_o right_a to_o the_o crown_n in_o his_o own_o person_n since_o we_o read_v of_o no_o concession_n the_o empress_n his_o mother_n have_v make_v to_o he_o of_o it_o and_o therefore_o whatever_o title_n henry_n can_v claim_v thereunto_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n stephen_n it_o be_v whole_o due_a to_o this_o king_n adopt_v he_o for_o his_o son_n 282._o and_o declare_v he_o his_o successor_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o himself_o shall_v enjoy_v the_o crown_n during_o his_o life_n which_o agreement_n be_v solemn_o confirm_v and_o ratify_v and_o that_o by_o oath_n in_o a_o full_a assembly_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o ordericus_n vitalis_n in_o his_o annal_n p._n 989._o be_v very_o express_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o this_o great_a transaction_n in_o these_o word_n sic_fw-la tamen_fw-la in_o praesentiarum_fw-la ipse_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o caeteri_fw-la potentes_fw-la sacramento_n â—irmarent_fw-la quod_fw-la dux_n post_fw-la mortem_fw-la regis_fw-la si_fw-la tempore_fw-la eum_fw-la superviveret_fw-la pacifice_fw-la &_o araque_a contâ—adâ—ctione_n regnum_fw-la haberet_fw-la therefore_o as_o long_o as_o the_o empress_n maud_n live_v who_o die_v after_o her_o son_n king_n henry_n come_v to_o the_o crown_n '_o â—is_n plain_a he_o can_v have_v no_o hereditary_a right_o to_o it_o notwithstanding_o what_o matthew_n paris_n and_o matthew_n westminster_z who_o live_v long_o after_o these_o transaction_n have_v say_v to_o the_o contrary_a and_o therein_o be_v to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o author_n that_o speak_v their_o own_o sense_n rather_o than_o that_o of_o the_o writer_n of_o those_o time_n m._n i_o confess_v what_o you_o have_v urge_v in_o this_o matter_n concern_v duke_n henry_n be_v admit_v as_o heir_n of_o the_o kingdom_n during_o the_o life_n of_o his_o mother_n the_o empress_n maud_n seem_v to_o the_o purpose_n and_o there_o can_v be_v nothing_o say_v against_o it_o but_o that_o this_o be_v do_v by_o the_o concession_n of_o the_o empress_n herself_o who_o surrender_v all_o her_o pretension_n to_o her_o son_n though_o we_o have_v no_o particular_a account_n of_o it_o or_o else_o which_o be_v more_o likely_a in_o my_o opinion_n that_o the_o government_n of_o woman_n be_v then_o unknown_a in_o england_n and_o normandy_n and_o consequent_o odious_a to_o the_o english_a and_o norman_a nobility_n and_o for_o which_o reason_n chief_o they_o have_v before_o set_v this_o empress_n aside_o they_o think_v they_o do_v in_o effect_n perform_v their_o oath_n to_o she_o when_o they_o acknowledge_v her_o title_n in_o her_o son_n duke_n henry_n who_o be_v say_v by_o the_o historian_n of_o those_o time_n to_o have_v succeed_v stephen_n jure_fw-la haereditario_fw-la which_o can_v not_o at_o all_o agree_v with_o your_o notion_n of_o his_o receive_v his_o title_n from_o the_o consent_n or_o election_n of_o the_o great_a council_n but_o i_o shall_v pass_v over_o this_o and_o come_v to_o your_o next_o instance_n of_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n which_o you_o pretend_v
of_o france_n have_v make_v his_o procurator_n to_o treat_v with_o the_o pope_n legate_n about_o his_o come_n over_o hither_o where_o when_o he_o have_v recite_v that_o king_n john_n have_v be_v condemn_v by_o his_o peer_n for_o the_o death_n of_o his_o nephew_n arthur_n and_o that_o he_o have_v be_v also_o for_o his_o great_a cruelty_n and_o other_o wickedness_n depose_v by_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n and_o far_o recite_v that_o the_o say_a king_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o his_o nobility_n have_v resign_v his_o kingdom_n to_o the_o pope_n to_o hold_v it_o of_o he_o at_o a_o annual_a tribute_n of_o a_o thousand_o mark_n the_o rest_n i_o will_v give_v you_o in_o latin_a because_o you_o yourself_o shall_v translate_v it_o etsi_fw-la coronam_fw-la angliae_fw-la sine_fw-la baronibus_fw-la alicui_fw-la dare_v non_fw-la potuit_fw-la potuit_fw-la tamen_fw-la dimittere_fw-la tam_fw-la quam_fw-la statim_fw-la cum_fw-la resignaverit_fw-la rex_fw-la esse_fw-la desiit_fw-la &_o regnum_fw-la 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king_n john_n right_n to_o the_o crown_n have_v be_v what_o it_o will_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o he_o can_v not_o take_v it_o upon_o he_o until_o such_o time_n as_o this_o great_a council_n have_v both_o hear_v and_o allow_v his_o title_n and_o that_o this_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o election_n notwithstanding_o his_o brother_n will_n appear_v by_o that_o account_n which_o roger_n wendover_n and_o matthew_n paris_n have_v give_v we_o of_o it_o which_o though_o hoveden_n and_o other_o writer_n have_v omit_v yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o this_o be_v all_o the_o pure_a invention_n of_o roger_n of_o wendover_n or_o matthew_n pariâ—_n since_o the_o former_a he_o live_v near_o that_o time_n may_v write_v from_o the_o relation_n of_o â—oâ—e_n that_o be_v then_o present_a and_o as_o for_o the_o latter_a i_o look_v upon_o he_o though_o a_o monk_n as_o a_o man_n of_o too_o great_a integrity_n to_o invent_v any_o thing_n of_o his_o own_o head_n and_o though_o i_o confess_v the_o account_n that_o archbishop_n hubert_n give_v why_o he_o put_v king_n john_n title_n rather_o upon_o election_n than_o succession_n look_v very_o suspicious_a since_o the_o archbishop_n must_v thereby_o have_v make_v himself_o a_o knave_n and_o a_o hypocrite_n and_o seem_v also_o to_o contradict_v what_o matthew_n paris_n have_v before_o say_v viz._n that_o all_o those_o that_o hear_v his_o speech_n dare_v not_o so_o much_o as_o doubt_v of_o these_o thing_n know_v that_o the_o archbishop_n have_v not_o thâ—s_o judge_v of_o this_o matter_n without_o cause_n and_o therefore_o i_o grant_v that_o this_o part_n of_o the_o relation_n concern_v the_o archbishop_n vindicate_v of_o himself_o for_o thus_o give_v his_o judgement_n may_v be_v a_o story_n common_o take_v up_o and_o be_v tell_v to_o this_o author_n be_v by_o he_o insert_v in_o his_o history_n at_o a_o time_n when_o i_o grant_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n begin_v to_o be_v think_v successive_a by_o reason_n that_o king_n henry_n the_o iii_o have_v succeed_v as_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o his_o father_n though_o he_o be_v noâ—_n for_o all_o that_o admit_v without_o election_n as_o i_o shall_v prove_v by_o and_o by_o but_o that_o king_n john_n be_v make_v king_n by_o election_n though_o he_o claim_v it_o from_o his_o brother_n by_o succession_n likewise_o appear_v from_o his_o own_o charter_n still_o to_o be_v see_v at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o archbishop_n archive_v at_o lambeth_n wherein_o he_o recite_v that_o he_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n sigilli_fw-la jure_fw-la hereditario_fw-la &_o mediante_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_fw-la unanimi_fw-la consensu_fw-la &_o favore_fw-la where_o you_o see_v plain_o that_o he_o derive_v his_o title_n from_o the_o consent_n and_o favour_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n as_o well_o as_o his_o own_o hereditary_a right_n m._n notwithstanding_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v i_o can_v agree_v with_o you_o that_o by_o these_o word_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v from_o this_o charter_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v any_o formal_a election_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n but_o that_o this_o unanimous_a consent_n mention_v in_o it_o be_v rather_o their_o acknowledgement_n of_o his_o title_n and_o submission_n to_o he_o than_o any_o thing_n else_o for_o according_a to_o hoveden_n relation_n of_o his_o come_n to_o the_o crown_n which_o i_o think_v the_o most_o exact_a extant_a the_o whole_a nation_n submit_v and_o swear_v fealty_n to_o he_o against_o all_o man_n before_o he_o come_v over_o into_o england_n but_o as_o for_o his_o son_n henry_n the_o iii_o it_o be_v much_o more_o plain_a that_o he_o succeed_v by_o succession_n and_o not_o by_o election_n as_o be_v the_o elder_a son_n of_o the_o late_a king_n his_o father_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o relation_n of_o his_o coronation_n in_o matthew_n westminster_n 277._o who_o tell_v we_o thus_o henricus_fw-la johannis_n primogenitus_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la inunctus_fw-la &_o solemniter_fw-la coronatus_n est_fw-la and_o tho_o from_o the_o speech_n which_o be_v make_v to_o the_o clergy_n and_o nobility_n that_o be_v then_o at_o gloucester_n by_o the_o earl_n mareshall_n 13._o it_o be_v pretend_v that_o henry_n be_v elect_v yet_o i_o dare_v say_v if_o any_o one_o do_v but_o impartial_o consider_v the_o tenor_n of_o it_o he_o will_v find_v that_o the_o design_n of_o it_o be_v rather_o to_o persuade_v all_o those_o then_o present_a to_o return_v to_o their_o duty_n and_o acknowledge_v he_o for_o their_o king_n who_o god_n and_o nature_n have_v design_v for_o that_o great_a charge_n for_o the_o earl_n begin_v his_o discourse_n to_o they_o thus_o as_o it_o be_v in_o knighton_n ecce_fw-la rex_fw-la vester_n which_o certain_o can_v not_o then_o be_v true_a if_o a_o election_n be_v necessary_a to_o make_v he_o such_o but_o among_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o argument_n he_o urge_v this_o 2426._o hunc_fw-la igitur_fw-la libeat_fw-la regem_fw-la dicere_fw-la cui_fw-la ipsum_fw-la regnum_fw-la debetur_fw-la you_o ought_v to_o choose_v he_o to_o who_o the_o kingdom_n be_v due_a which_o sure_o it_o can_v be_v to_o none_o if_o it_o be_v not_o hereditary_a and_o what_o put_v all_o out_o of_o doubt_n that_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o then_o and_o if_o not_o then_o i_o be_o sure_a never_o since_o elective_a be_v the_o answer_n of_o hubert_n de_fw-fr burgh_n to_o lewis_n when_o he_o summon_v he_o to_o deliver_v up_o dover_n castle_n to_o he_o since_o his_o master_n for_o who_o use_n and_o service_n he_o hold_v it_o be_v dead_a but_o see_v his_o answer_n if_o my_o old_a master_n say_v he_o he_o dead_a he_o have_v leave_v behind_o he_o son_n and_o daughter_n to_o succeed_v he_o a_o thing_n he_o never_o will_v have_v assert_v have_v he_o not_o think_v there_o have_v be_v a_o divine_a right_o somewhere_o else_o than_o in_o the_o people_n f._n before_o i_o speak_v any_o thing_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o iii_o d_n election_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o reply_v to_o 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land_n though_o in_o word_n you_o deny_v it_o for_o every_o hereditary_a right_n be_v either_o a_o continue_a usurpation_n by_o force_n which_o can_v give_v no_o right_n at_o all_o or_o a_o right_n by_o law_n which_o be_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n to_o entail_v the_o crown_n on_o such_o a_o family_n which_o certain_o be_v to_o make_v a_o king_n by_o law_n that_o be_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n but_o if_o you_o will_v suppose_v that_o it_o be_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o first_o king_n alone_o who_o thus_o entail_v the_o crown_n upon_o himself_o and_o his_o right_a heir_n i_o desire_v you_o will_v show_v i_o how_o the_o crown_n can_v be_v so_o entail_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n so_o as_o that_o his_o successor_n may_v not_o alter_v it_o and_o give_v it_o by_o his_o last_o will_n or_o testament_n to_o which_o of_o his_o son_n or_o daughter_n he_o please_v since_o sir_n robert_n filmer_n himself_o acknowledge_v that_o a_o testamentary_a 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grant_v that_o though_o it_o be_v rebellion_n unjust_o to_o deprive_v a_o king_n and_o his_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o that_o those_o who_o have_v a_o hand_n in_o it_o be_v bind_v in_o conscience_n to_o endeavour_v to_o restore_v he_o or_o they_o to_o their_o just_a right_n again_o yet_o this_o must_v be_v do_v by_o no_o other_o method_n but_o what_o be_v consistent_a with_o the_o public_a peace_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n for_o if_o a_o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la have_v once_o get_v possession_n of_o the_o throne_n and_o have_v be_v crown_v and_o recognise_v by_o parliament_n from_o what_o have_v be_v already_o prove_v i_o think_v it_o be_v very_o plain_a that_o they_o ought_v to_o obey_v he_o not_o only_o from_o the_o
please_v to_o imagine_v since_o therefore_o the_o business_n must_v be_v whole_o do_v by_o force_n i_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n consider_v all_o those_o supposition_n you_o have_v lay_v down_o as_o well_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o french_a as_o irish_a who_o be_v the_o only_a hand_n that_o i_o see_v likely_a at_o present_a to_o do_v this_o work_n first_o as_o to_o what_o you_o say_v that_o the_o king_n will_v be_v too_o wise_a then_o to_o bring_v over_o along_o with_o he_o so_o great_a number_n of_o the_o french_a and_o irish_a nation_n as_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o make_v a_o entire_a conquest_n of_o this_o kingdom_n lest_o thereby_o both_o he_o and_o his_o crown_n may_v lie_v whole_o at_o their_o mercy_n when_o the_o business_n be_v do_v you_o have_v hereby_o grant_v as_o much_o as_o i_o desire_v for_o if_o their_o majesty_n be_v never_o like_a to_o be_v without_o a_o army_n in_o england_n of_o at_o least_o fifteen_o or_o twenty_o thousand_o man_n as_o long_o as_o this_o war_n last_v and_o that_o the_o militia_n of_o this_o nation_n which_o be_v almost_o total_o against_o king_n james_n interest_n and_o do_v amount_v altogether_o to_o above_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o man_n i_o think_v you_o yourself_o will_v grant_v that_o king_n james_n can_v attempt_v come_v over_o hither_o with_o a_o army_n of_o less_o than_o 30_o or_o 4000_o veteran_n soldier_n of_o the_o french_a and_o irish_a nation_n though_o you_o shall_v reckon_v the_o papist_n and_o other_o who_o shall_v come_v into_o his_o assistance_n at_o 20000_o more_o who_o if_o they_o shall_v be_v altogether_o able_a to_o beat_v not_o only_a king_n william_n stand_a army_n but_o the_o militia_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o boot_n i_o desire_v to_o know_v what_o shall_v hinder_v they_o from_o make_v as_o perfect_v a_o conquest_n of_o this_o nation_n as_o ever_o cromwell_n army_n do_v either_o of_o england_n or_o scotland_n and_o consequent_o of_o set_v up_o what_o religion_n or_o government_n they_o please_v in_o this_o kingdom_n which_o that_o it_o will_v not_o be_v that_o which_o be_v now_o exercise_v either_o in_o church_n or_o state_n i_o think_v any_o unprejudiced_a man_n will_v easy_o grant_v i_o but_o your_o next_o supposition_n be_v altogether_o as_o precarious_a that_o it_o be_v not_o either_o the_o design_n or_o interest_n of_o the_o french_a king_n to_o make_v a_o entire_a conquest_n of_o this_o kingdom_n for_o himself_o nor_o yet_o to_o make_v king_n james_n a_o absolute_a monarch_n here_o one_o of_o these_o i_o must_v needs_o believe_v will_v happen_v for_o though_o perhaps_o that_o king_n may_v at_o present_a stand_n so_o much_o upon_o his_o glory_n as_o not_o seize_v the_o kingdom_n of_o a_o kinsman_n and_o a_o ally_n whole_o to_o his_o own_o use_n and_o benefit_n yet_o it_o be_v most_o likely_a that_o he_o will_v retain_v french_a garrison_n in_o all_o or_o most_o of_o the_o strong_a place_n of_o england_n not_o only_o for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o charge_n he_o will_v have_v be_v at_o to_o place_n king_n james_n in_o the_o throne_n but_o also_o as_o a_o tie_n upon_o we_o that_o we_o shall_v never_o endeavour_v to_o drive_v he_o out_o again_o let_v he_o use_v we_o as_o he_o please_v so_o that_o though_o i_o grant_v he_o may_v not_o make_v a_o absolute_a conquest_n of_o we_o now_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v in_o he_o or_o his_o son_n power_n to_o do_v it_o hereafter_o if_o ever_o king_n james_n his_o son_n shall_v go_v about_o to_o shake_v of_o that_o yoke_n when_o once_o the_o present_a obligation_n be_v forget_v or_o the_o near_a relation_n between_o the_o two_o king_n shall_v be_v far_o remove_v nor_o be_v what_o you_o say_v less_o precarious_a that_o it_o will_v not_o be_v for_o king_n lewis_n interest_n to_o destroy_v our_o liberty_n and_o make_v king_n james_n a_o absolute_a monarch_n because_o the_o kingdom_n will_v be_v then_o weak_a and_o more_o divided-then_a it_o be_v now_o by_o those_o jealousy_n and_o dispute_n we_o shall_v then_o maintain_v with_o the_o king_n about_o our_o civil_a right_n which_o be_v indeed_o so_o far_o true_a if_o he_o govern_v when_o he_o return_v in_o the_o same_o arbitrary_a manner_n as_o he_o do_v before_o but_o if_o he_o govern_v according_a to_o law_n which_o no_o wise_a man_n can_v expect_v there_o needs_o be_v no_o more_o division_n among_o we_o than_o be_v for_o a_o great_a while_n after_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o come_v in_o but_o that_o the_o french_a king_n shall_v fear_v if_o he_o once_o make_v the_o king_n of_o england_n a_o absolute_a monarch_n and_o put_v the_o whole_a power_n of_o the_o purse_n as_o well_o as_o sword_n of_o his_o subject_n in_o his_o hand_n he_o may_v then_o become_v so_o formidable_a as_o to_o be_v a_o equal_a match_n to_o france_n itself_o and_o to_o be_v able_a to_o demand_v either_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n or_o any_o part_n of_o it_o be_v yet_o more_o pleasant_a since_o france_n be_v now_o in_o comparison_n with_o england_n not_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o man_n but_o also_o the_o revenue_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n as_o ten_o to_o one_o and_o i_o think_v i_o may_v very_o well_o maintain_v that_o if_o england_n shall_v once_o come_v to_o be_v govern_v as_o france_n be_v it_o will_v be_v so_o far_o from_o grow_v rich_a or_o more_o powerful_a thereby_o that_o from_o the_o intestine_a grieviance_n and_o discontent_n that_o such_o a_o violent_a course_n of_o government_n will_v cause_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o people_n of_o all_o sort_n and_o condition_n by_o those_o excessive_a tax_n and_o oppression_n that_o will_v follow_v from_o such_o a_o arbitrary_a government_n the_o kingdom_n will_v quick_o diminish_v and_o decay_v as_o well_o in_o people_n as_o trade_n and_o riches_n and_o so_o consequent_o in_o power_n too_o which_o be_v but_o the_o product_n of_o both_o these_o notwithstanding_o whatsoever_o the_o fair_a appearance_n of_o a_o outward_o magnificent_a court_n and_o a_o great_a stand_a army_n may_v produce_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o those_o that_o do_v not_o true_o consider_v or_o understand_v the_o true_a grandeur_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o happiness_n of_o the_o people_n but_o grant_v all_o this_o to_o be_v as_o you_o suppose_v pray_v tell_v i_o what_o shall_v become_v of_o our_o religion_n and_o civil_a liberty_n not_o only_a 〈◊〉_d respect_n of_o the_o french_a king_n but_o of_o king_n james_n himself_o 〈…〉_z believe_v that_o either_o of_o they_o will_v cease_v to_o be_v instigate_v by_o the_o jesuit_n their_o confessor_n to_o destroy_v the_o northern_a heresy_n as_o they_o term_v our_o religion_n as_o well_o in_o england_n as_o it_o have_v be_v in_o france_n no_o the_o poor_a vaudois_n in_o savoy_n have_v be_v too_o recent_a a_o example_n that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n will_v carry_v the_o persecution_n to_o the_o same_o degree_n here_o as_o he_o do_v there_o and_o that_o king_n james_n be_v whole_o in_o his_o power_n will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o withstand_v his_o command_n beside_o the_o constant_a solicitation_n of_o his_o confessor_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d order_n and_o principle_n of_o those_o of_o the_o french_a king_n to_o which_o holy_a father_n the_o protestant_a religion_n in_o france_n and_o savoy_n do_v chief_o owe_v its_o destruction_n to_o conclude_v let_v we_o suppose_v that_o king_n james_n shall_v now_o prevail_v in_o this_o war_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o irish_a army_n now_o raise_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o tirconnel_n can_v we_o â—â—pect_v better_a quarter_n if_o the_o king_n prevail_v by_o their_o arm_n and_o assistance_n then_o if_o they_o be_v entire_o french_a for_o have_v once_o conquer_a this_o nation_n it_o will_v not_o be_v in_o the_o king_n power_n to_o govern_v they_o so_o easy_o as_o you_o expect_v but_o be_v inveâ—â—â—te_a enemy_n to_o the_o english_a they_o will_v not_o only_o possess_v what_o estate_n they_o please_v of_o the_o english_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n in_o ireland_n but_o in_o england_n too_o which_o will_v be_v declare_v forfeit_v by_o their_o owner_n oppose_v of_o king_n james_n and_o then_o i_o will_v leave_v it_o to_o yourself_o to_o judge_n in_o what_o a_o condition_n we_o shall_v be_v in_o both_z as_o to_o our_o religion_n and_o civil_a liberty_n when_o the_o king_n shall_v come_v to_o be_v manage_v by_o man_n who_o be_v declare_v enemy_n to_o both_o neither_o will_v it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o those_o few_o moderate_a man_n either_o of_o the_o popish_a or_o protestanâ—_n religion_n who_o take_v king_n iame_n part_n to_o hinder_v it_o since_o the_o other_o party_n will_v by_o mean_n of_o the_o priest_n and_o jesuit_n and_o the_o interest_n of_o france_n run_v down_o all_o sober_a council_n and_o they_o will_v be_v but_o look_v upon_o but_o as_o trimmer_n at_o best_o that_o oppose_v
8._o p._n 580_o 581._o w._n all_o burrough_n that_o send_v member_n ancient_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n d._n 8._o p._n 557_o 578._o w._n they_o send_v such_o member_n by_o a_o inherent_a right_n or_o at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o sheriff_n ib._n p._n 593._o 604._o c_o cain_n w._n he_o forfeit_v his_o birthright_n by_o the_o murder_n of_o his_o brother_n d._n 2._o p._n 67._o w._n his_o elder_a son_n be_v a_o prince_n over_o his_o brethren_n ib._n canon_n of_o 1640._o their_o validity_n discuss_v d._n 4._o p._n 284._o to_o 286._o king_n charles_n the_o first_o pretend_v commission_n to_o sir_n philim_n o_o neal_n consider_v d._n 9_o p._n 636_o 637._o great_a charter_n of_o king_n johnâ—_n w._n it_o be_v the_o sole_a act_n of_o that_o king_n or_o else_o make_v by_o the_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n d._n 5._o p._n 324._o d._n 7._o p._n 455_o 456._o great_a charter_n of_o hen._n the_o three_o w._n all_o the_o copy_n we_o have_v now_o of_o it_o be_v he_o or_o else_o edward_n i._o his_o charter_n ib._n 461._o child_n how_o far_o and_o how_o long_o bind_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o their_o parent_n d._n 1._o p._n 45._o to_o 52._o christian_n w._n as_o much_o oblige_v to_o suffer_v for_o religion_n now_o as_o in_o the_o primitive_a time_n d._n 4â—_n p._n 230._o to_o 234._o chester_n its_o county_n w._n the_o earl_n thereof_o can_v charge_v all_o his_o tenant_n in_o parliament_n without_o their_o consent_n d._n 7._o p._n 501._o church_n of_o england_n w._n passive_a obedience_n be_v its_o distinguish_a doctrine_n from_o other_o church_n d._n 4._o p._n 292_o 293._o city_n and_o burrough_n more_o numerous_a in_o the_o saxon_a time_n than_o now_o d._n 6._o p._n 379._o to_o 400._o w._n they_o have_v any_o representative_n in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o iiid_n d._n 5._o p._n 565_o 572._o whether_o city_n and_o burrough_n have_v not_o always_o have_v representative_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o scotland_n d._n 7._o p._n 505._o clerici_fw-la terras_fw-la habentes_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la ecclesias_fw-la non_fw-la pertinent_a who_o they_o be_v d._n 7._o p._n 450.451_o clergy_n a_o part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n and_o long_o after_o d._n 8._o p._n 544_o to_o 550._o w._n none_o of_o the_o clergy_n but_o such_o as_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la appear_v at_o such_o council_n ibid._n w._n the_o inferior_a clergy_n have_v their_o representative_n in_o parliament_n different_a from_o the_o convocation_n ib._n 546_o to_o 558._o commandment_n vth_o in_o what_o sense_n prince_n be_v comprehend_v under_o it_o d._n 2._o p._n 106._o to_o 109_o &_o 111._o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la w._n that_o phrase_n in_o ancient_a record_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n do_v not_o often_o signify_v the_o commons_o as_o well_o before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o as_o afterward_o d._n 7._o p._n 412_o to_o 415._o w._n that_o phrase_n do_v not_o also_o signify_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n consist_v of_o peer_n and_o commons_o d._n 6._o p._n 416._o the_o drs._n proof_n to_o the_o contrary_n consider_v 417_o to_o 423._o w._n it_o do_v also_o often_o signify_v the_o commons_o alone_o d._n 8._o p._n 572._o to_o 574._o their_o declaration_n to_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o 48th_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o d._n 8._o p._n 581_o to_o 582._o their_o petition_n to_o henry_n the_o five_o their_o protestation_n in_o parliament_n in_o richard_n the_o second_o time_n 584._o commons_o of_o city_n and_o great_a town_n have_v their_o representative_n in_o the_o assembly_n of_o estate_n of_o all_o the_o kingdom_n in_o europe_n found_v by_o the_o ancient_a german_n and_o goth_n ibid_fw-la 607_o to_o 612._o commons_o their_o request_n and_o consent_n when_o first_o mention_v in_o old_a statute_n d._n 5._o p._n 329._o w._n ever_o summon_v to_o parliament_n from_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n the_o three_o to_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n the_o first_o d._n 7._o p._n 522._o commons_o w._n part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n before_o the_o conquest_n d._n 5._o p._n 369_o 372._o the_o word_n commune_v de_fw-la commune_fw-la &_o les_fw-fr commune_v do_v frequent_o signify_v the_o commons_o before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o d._n 6._o 423._o d._n 7._o 423_o to_o 484._o common-council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n w._n different_a from_o the_o common-council_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la d._n 7._o p._n 437._o to_o 474._o communitas_fw-la scotiae_fw-la w._n it_o always_o signify_v none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ibid._n p._n 505._o to_o 508._o conquest_n alone_a w._n it_o confer_v a_o right_a to_o a_o crown_n d._n 2._o p._n 128_o 129._o w._n it_o it_o give_v a_o king_n a_o right_n to_o all_o the_o land_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o conquer_a kingom_n d._n 3._o 168._o to_o 170._o w._n any_o conquest_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v make_v by_o king_n william_n the_o first_o d._n 10._o p._n 715._o to_o the_o end_n constitution_n of_o clarendon_n their_o title_n explain_v d._n 6._o p._n 430_o 431._o contract_v originel_n w._n there_o be_v ever_o any_o such_o thing_n d._n 10_o p._n 695_o to_o 709._o d._n 12._o p._n 809_o 8â—3_n convention_n w._n its_o vote_v king_n james_n to_o have_v abdicate_v the_o government_n be_v justifiable_a d._n 11._o p._n 809_o to_o 834._o w._n its_o declaration_n of_o king_n james_n violation_n of_o our_o fundamental_a right_n be_v well_o ground_v ibid._n p._n 816_o 832._o w._n it_o be_v vote_v the_o throne_n vacant_a can_v be_v justify_v from_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n d._n 12._o p._n 839_o to_o 883._o w._n whether_o its_o place_n k._n w._n and_o q._n m._n on_o the_o throne_n may_v be_v also_o justify_v by_o the_o say_a constitution_n ibid._n p._n 883_o to_o 894._o w._n it_o be_v make_v a_o act_n exclude_v all_o roman_n catholic_n prince_n be_v legal_a ibid._n p._n 894_o to_o the_o end_n convocation_n book_n draw_v up_o by_o bishop_n overal_n its_o validity_n examine_v d._n 1._o p._n 6_o &_o 8._o copy_n holder_n why_o they_o to_o have_v no_o vote_n at_o election_n to_o parliament_n d._n 5._o p._n 513._o great_a council_n or_o convention_n the_o only_a judge_n of_o prince_n title_n upon_o any_o dispute_n about_o the_o succession_n or_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n d._n 12._o p._n 895._o d._n 13._o p._n 917._o to_o 919_o 924._o council_n of_o the_o king_n in_o parliament_n what_o it_o be_v ancient_o d._n 5._o p._n 334._o great_a council_n or_o general_a convention_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n w._n legal_a without_o the_o king_n summons_n d._n 5._o p._n 353._o d._n 12._o p._n 894._o to_o 898._o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la what_o iâ—_n ancient_o be_v and_o w._n it_o consist_v of_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ibid._n 368._o crown_n w._n it_o can_v by_o law_n be_v ever_o forfeit_v d._n 12._o p._n 833_o 834._o d_o defence_n of_o a_o man_n self_n in_o what_o case_n justifiable_a d._n 3._o p._n 148_o 149._o declaration_n of_o the_o convention_n set_v forth_o king_n james_n violation_n of_o the_o fundamental_a right_n of_o the_o nation_n w._n justifiable_a or_o not_o d._n 11._o p._n 816._o to_o the_o end_n private_a divine_n their_o opiâ—nions_n about_o passive_a obedience_n and_o resistance_n of_o what_o authority_n d._n 4._o p._n 291_o 294._o w._n many_o of_o they_o have_v not_o quit_v the_o ancient_a doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n declare_v the_o pope_n to_o be_v antichrist_n vid._n append._n dispence_v power_n w._n justifiable_a by_o law_n d._n 12._o p._n 119_o to_o 828._o dissolution_n of_o all_o government_n w._n it_o necessary_o follow_v from_o the_o convention_n declaration_n of_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n d._n 12._o p._n 890_o 891._o durham_n w._n its_o bishop_n can_v lay_v tax_n in_o parliament_n on_o the_o whole_a county_n palatine_n without_o their_o consent_n d._n 7._o p._n 501_o 502._o e_o earl_n of_o county_n their_o ancient_a office_n and_o institution_n d._n 5_o p._n 363_o to_o 370._o king_n edward_n the_o second_o be_v depose_v w._n any_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n follow_v thereupon_o d._n 12._o p._n 158_o to_o 861._o queen_n elizabeth_z w._n she_o have_v any_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n but_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n ibid._n p_o 872_o 873._o england_n when_o first_o so_o call_v d._n 5._o p._n 362._o englishman_n w._n they_o lose_v all_o their_o liberty_n and_o estate_n by_o the_o norman_a conquest_n d._n 10._o p._n 753._o to_o the_o end_n english_a bishop_n earls_z and_o baron_n w._n then_o all_o deprive_v of_o their_o honour_n and_o estate_n ib._n 756_o to_o 762._o english_a saxon_n law_n w._n confirm_v or_o abrogate_a by_o k._n william_n d._n 10._o p._n 760._o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n
the_o only_a judge_n of_o all_o dispute_n about_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n d._n 2._o p._n 891_o to_o 892._o d._n 12._o p._n 893._o d._n 13._o p._n 917_o to_o 919_o 921._o eve_n w._n by_o be_v subject_n to_o adam_n all_o her_o posterity_n become_v so_o likewise_o d._n 1._o p._n 14._o to_o 25._o f_o father_n w._n by_o right_a of_o generation_n or_o of_o education_n lord_n over_o their_o child_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n d._n 1_o p._n 13_o 14._o w._n any_o such_o power_n be_v give_v by_o divine_a grant_n to_o adam_n and_o in_o he_o to_o all_o other_o father_n ib._n p._n 26_o 30_o to_o 36._o w._n father_n of_o family_n have_v power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n over_o their_o child_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n ib._n 19_o to_o 26._o w._n they_o may_v sell_v their_o child_n ib._n 26._o to_o 31._o w._n they_o may_v be_v resist_v by_o their_o child_n in_o case_n of_o any_o violent_a assault_n upon_o their_o life_n ib._n p._n 41._o w._n perpetual_a master_n over_o their_o child_n as_o long_o as_o they_o live_v ib_a p._n 45._o to_o 51._o fideles_fw-la the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n before_o the_o conquest_n d._n 6._o p._n 390_o 391._o d._n 7._o p._n 448._o to_o 451._o sir_n r._n filmer_n principles_n w._n they_o do_v not_o rather_o encourage_v tyranny_n than_o fatherly_a affection_n in_o prince_n towards_o their_o subject_n d._n 2._o p._n 118._o w._n they_o do_v not_o also_o favour_v usurper_n ib._n 125._o to_o 128._o g_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n the_o main_a design_n of_o all_o government_n d._n 1._o p._n 55._o to_o 61._o civil_a government_n the_o end_n of_o its_o institution_n d._n 1._o p._n 11._o 19_o 21._o w._n there_o have_v be_v any_o necessity_n of_o it_o if_o man_n have_v never_o sin_v ib._n p._n 11._o what_o it_o be_v and_o its_o prerogative_n d._n 3._o p._n 173._o w._n it_o can_v be_v settle_v without_o liberty_n and_o property_n in_o estate_n ib._n 174._o government_n of_o family_n and_o kingdom_n its_o original_a and_o necessity_n d._n 1._o p._n 10._o to_o 12._o supreme_a governor_n in_o what_o case_n they_o cease_v to_o be_v god_n ordinance_n d._n 1._o p._n 41._o government_n among_o the_o ancient_a german_n and_o saxon_n always_o by_o common_a council_n d._n 5._o p._n 365._o to_o 369._o grands_fw-fr or_o grant_n in_o parliament_n what_o those_o word_n signify_v in_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n w._n the_o lord_n alone_o or_o the_o commons_o also_o d._n 6._o p._n 369._o vid._n append._n guard_n of_o the_o king_n when_o when_o first_o set_v up_o d._n 9_o p._n 639._o h_o k._n harold_n w._n william_n of_o normandy_n have_v a_o just_a cause_n of_o make_v war_n upon_o he_o d._n 10_o p._n 718._o what_o title_n he_o have_v to_o the_o crown_n ib._n p._n 720._o haereditamentum_fw-la its_o derivation_n ib._n p._n 721._o hengist_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o king_n who_o found_v the_o saxon_a heptarchy_n w._n so_o by_o election_n or_o conquest_n d._n 5._o p._n 357._o to_o 362._o king_n henry_n the_o ivth_o w._n his_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n be_v by_o right_a of_o blood_n or_o election_n of_o the_o estate_n in_o parliament_n d._n 12._o p._n 861._o to_o 863._o king_n henry_n the_o vi_o w._n his_o son_n be_v not_o unjust_o disinherit_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o york_n and_o himself_o unjust_o depose_v by_o edward_n the_o ivth_o ib._n p._n 863._o to_o 867._o king_n henry_n the_o viith_o w._n he_o have_v any_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o right_a of_o inheritance_n ib._n p._n 868._o to_o 870._o king_n henry_n the_o viiith_o w._n the_o several_a alteration_n he_o make_v as_o to_o the_o the_o succession_n be_v legal_a d._n 12._o p._n 871_o 872._o homage_n w._n it_o render_v the_o prince_n or_o lord_n irresistible_a d._n 10._o p._n 727.728_o homines_fw-la liberi_fw-la its_o signification_n in_o english_a history_n d._n 6._o p._n 428._o to_o 430._o homily_n of_o our_o church_n the_o the_o chief_a passage_n therein_o against_o all_o manner_n of_o resistance_n of_o governor_n consider_v d._n 4._o p._n 287.288_o w._n it_o be_v heresy_n or_o schism_n to_o deny_v their_o authority_n in_o any_o point_n there_o lay_v down_o ib._n 289.290_o vid._n append._n mr._n hooker_n opinion_n concern_v the_o original_a of_o civil_a government_n d._n 12._o p._n 129.130_o w._n the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n or_o the_o whole_a people_n of_o england_n have_v any_o coercive_a power_n ove_fw-la the_o king_n d._n 9_o p._n 634._o w._n the_o two_o house_n have_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n renounce_v all_o right_n of_o self-defence_n in_o any_o case_n whatsoever_o ib._n p._n 636._o to_o 658._o i_o king_n james_n the_o first_o speech_n in_o parliament_n against_o tyranny_n d._n 3._o p._n 148._o the_o act_n of_o recognition_n of_o k._n james_n hereditary_a right_n how_o far_o it_o oblige_v posterity_n d._n 12._o p._n 871_o to_o 874._o king_n james_n ii_o w._n he_o violatid_v the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n before_o his_o desertion_n d._n 9_o p._n 673._o to_o 685._o or_o w._n he_o have_v amend_v all_o those_o violation_n before_o his_o departure_n p._n 685._o to_o 689._o w._n his_o set_v up_o a_o stand_a army_n and_o put_v in_o popish_a officer_n and_o soldier_n be_v a_o actual_a make_v war_n upon_o the_o nation_n ib._n p._n 683.687_o w._n he_o abdicate_v the_o government_n by_o his_o breach_n of_o the_o original_a contract_n or_o else_o by_o his_o desert_v it_o d._n 11._o p._n 790._o to_o 799._o w._n he_o may_v have_v be_v again_o safe_o restore_v to_o the_o government_n upon_o reasonable_a term_n ib._n p._n 801._o to_o 807._o w._n he_o real_o intend_v to_o redress_v all_o the_o violation_n he_o have_v make_v upon_o it_o p._n 805._o to_o 807._o w._n he_o resume_v the_o government_n upon_o his_o return_n to_o london_n from_o feversham_n ib._n 802._o to_o 806._o jesus_n christ_n do_v not_o alter_v civil_a government_n neither_o by_o take_v away_o the_o prerogative_n of_o prince_n nor_o yet_o by_o abridge_n the_o civil_a liberty_n of_o subject_n d._n 4._o p._n 216._o to_o 220._o jew_n often_o rebel_v and_o sometime_o kill_v their_o king_n d._n 3._o p._n 203_o to_o 205._o their_o resistance_n of_o antiochus_n consider_v ibid._n p._n 208._o to_o the_o end_n jewish_a government_n before_o saul_n w._n aristocratical_a or_o monarchical_a d._n p._n 93._o to_o 101._o judah_n and_o thamar_n the_o history_n consider_v d._n 1._o p._n 33._o judge_n over_o israel_n their_o power_n w._n monarchical_a d._n 2._o p._n 95_o 96._o w._n some_o of_o they_o be_v not_o judge_n of_o some_o particular_a tribe_n p._n 96_o 97._o judgement_n divine_a w._n they_o may_v be_v remove_v by_o humane_a mean_n or_o force_n d._n 4._o p._n 259_o 260._o k_o king_n w._n to_o be_v repute_v father_n of_o their_o people_n as_o the_o heir_n or_o representative_n of_o those_o who_o be_v once_o so_o d._n 2._o p._n 65._o w._n they_o derive_v their_o power_n from_o god_n or_o from_o the_o people_n and_o law_n d._n 11._o p._n 773._o to_o 780._o d._n 12._o p._n 936_o to_o 938._o saxon_a king_n of_o england_n w._n absolute_a or_o limit_v prince_n d._n 5._o p._n 349._o w._n they_o be_v endue_v with_o the_o sole_a legislative_a power_n ib._n p._n 338_o to_o 345._o king_n of_o the_o english_a saxon_n elect_v and_o often_o depose_v by_o the_o great_a council_n ibid._n p._n 365._o the_o same_o do_v also_o in_o other_o kingdom_n of_o the_o gothic_a model_n ib._n p._n 365._o king_n of_o england_n ever_o since_o king_n william_n i._n w._n they_o derive_v their_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n from_o conquest_n or_o some_o other_o title_n d._n 10._o p._n 713._o their_o concession_n to_o subject_n do_v no_o way_n derogate_v from_o royal_a prerogative_n d._n 10._o p._n 715.716_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n catholic_n religion_n w._n many_o of_o they_o have_v not_o observe_v magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o their_o coronation_n oath_n d._n 12.882.888_o king_n by_o sir_n r._n filmer_n principle_n above_o all_o law_n and_o alone_o make_v they_o d._n 2._o p._n 123.124_o in_o what_o sense_n he_o be_v head_n of_o the_o politic_a body_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n d._n 11._o p._n 803._o to_o 805._o w._n he_o can_v have_v ancient_o by_o his_o prerogative_n tax_v all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o his_o discretion_n d._n 7._o p._n 495._o to_o 499._o w._n he_o can_v call_v or_o omit_v to_o summon_v to_o parliament_n what_o earl_n lord_n and_o tenant_n he_o please_v ibid._n p._n 505_o to_o 511.523_o w._n he_o can_v also_o summon_v those_o knight_n of_o shire_n who_o serve_v before_o without_o any_o new_a election_n ib._n 537._o w._n he_o can_v by_o his_o prerogative_n discharge_v what_o knight_n of_o shire_n he_o please_v after_o they_o be_v choose_v ibid._n
arm_n against_o their_o king_n 347._o offensive_a or_o defensive_a upon_o any_o pretence_n whatsoever_o be_v at_o least_o to_o resist_v the_o power_n which_o be_v ordain_v of_o god_n and_o though_o they_o do_v not_o invade_v but_o only_o resist_v st._n paul_n tell_v they_o plain_o they_o shall_v receive_v to_o themselves_o damnation_n from_o which_o you_o may_v plain_o see_v that_o this_o convocation_n which_o consist_v of_o as_o great_a man_n as_o i_o think_v have_v be_v for_o divers_a age_n do_v clear_o maintain_v monarchy_n to_o be_v of_o divine_a right_n and_o resistance_n to_o be_v in_o no_o case_n lawful_a f._n i_o shall_v grant_v the_o canon_n of_o this_o convocation_n to_o be_v a_o good_a proof_n of_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n be_v it_o not_o for_o two_o very_a good_a reason_n i_o have_v against_o they_o the_o one_o i_o will_v tell_v you_o present_o and_o the_o other_o i_o will_v keep_v a_o while_n to_o myself_o in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o i_o suppose_v you_o can_v but_o very_o well_o know_v that_o this_o convocation_n sit_v and_o pass_v these_o canon_n which_o likewise_o receive_v the_o king_n confirmation_n after_o the_o parliament_n that_o be_v summon_v together_o with_o this_o convocation_n be_v dissolve_v and_o i_o suppose_v you_o know_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n the_o convocation_n have_v from_o all_o time_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o appendix_n to_o the_o parliament_n be_v till_o then_o always_o dissolve_v with_o it_o for_o which_o reason_n all_o act_n and_o proceed_n of_o this_o convocation_n be_v condemn_v 1365._o and_o declare_v null_n and_o void_a by_o the_o long_a parliament_n that_o begin_v to_o fit_v the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o same_o year_n and_o which_o be_v more_o be_v likewise_o condemn_v by_o the_o first_o parliament_n after_o the_o restauration_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o and_o therefore_o i_o think_v i_o have_v very_o little_a reason_n to_o own_o thâ—se_a canon_n as_o conclusive_a m._n in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o may_v reply_v to_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v that_o that_o very_a parliament_n which_o first_o condemn_v these_o canon_n 2._o afterward_o ruin_v the_o monarchy_n itself_o in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o in_o old_a time_n the_o general_n or_o provincial_a synod_n be_v not_o dependant_a upon_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o state_n at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o i_o likewise_o far_o answer_n that_o these_o canon_n be_v make_v and_o confirm_v in_o a_o full_a convocation_n of_o both_o province_n of_o canterbury_n and_o york_z and_o the_o make_n of_o canon_n be_v a_o work_n proper_o ecclesiastical_a these_o canon_n be_v make_v by_o the_o representatives_n of_o the_o whole_a clergy_n of_o this_o kingdom_n 2._o the_o canon_n be_v confirm_v by_o the_o king_n which_o be_v all_o that_o be_v of_o old_a require_v in_o such_o case_n and_o though_o the_o convocation_n sit_v after_o the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o parliament_n yet_o this_o be_v not_o without_o precedent_n even_o in_o the_o happy_a day_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n not_o to_o look_v back_o unto_o henry_n the_o eight_o or_o the_o primitive_a time_n and_o as_o for_o your_o objection_n that_o these_o canon_n be_v reprobate_v since_o the_o restitution_n of_o charles_n the_o ii_o i_o say_v that_o i_o quote_v they_o not_o as_o law_n but_o as_o the_o know_a sense_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n at_o that_o time_n f._n your_o first_o answer_n in_o behalf_n of_o these_o canon_n be_v altogether_o invidious_a for_o it_o be_v not_o this_o parliament_n that_o ruâ—ned_v the_o monarchy_n but_o only_o the_o rump_n or_o fag_n end_n of_o it_o after_o it_o have_v suffer_v divers_a violence_n and_o exclusion_n of_o member_n by_o the_o army_n and_o that_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n be_v by_o this_o junto_n vote_v useless_a and_o dangerous_a be_v shut_v out_o of_o door_n nor_o be_v your_o second_o answer_n any_o more_o true_a for_o ancient_o in_o the_o saxon_n time_n the_o 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constitution_n to_o have_v be_v in_o all_o the_o neighbour_a kingdom_n in_o europe_n which_o have_v be_v raise_v according_a to_o the_o gothic_a model_n of_o government_n upon_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n now_o let_v we_o look_v into_o scotland_n and_o there_o we_o shall_v find_v this_o institution_n as_o ancient_n as_o any_o history_n or_o record_n they_o have_v if_o we_o pass_v into_o france_n we_o shall_v find_v their_o assembly_n of_o estate_n or_o great_a council_n to_o have_v be_v as_o ancient_a as_o their_o first_o king_n gallia_n and_o to_o have_v have_v as_o much_o power_n as_o any_o where_o else_o in_o europe_n since_o they_o not_o only_o frequent_o elect_v but_o also_o depose_v their_o king_n of_o the_o first_o race_n and_o dispose_v of_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o they_o think_v fit_a if_o we_o look_v into_o spain_n we_o shall_v find_v in_o the_o two_o great_a and_o most_o considerable_a kingdom_n viz._n castille_n and_o arragon_n the_o like_a assembly_n the_o power_n of_o which_o be_v so_o great_a in_o the_o latter_a that_o they_o can_v even_o depose_v the_o king_n himself_o if_o he_o tyrannize_v over_o or_o oppress_v it_o they_o if_o we_o go_v more_o northward_o we_o shall_v find_v in_o the_o ancient_a kingdom_n of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n and_o norway_n that_o their_o assembly_n of_o estate_n or_o diet_n elect_v their_o king_n and_o can_v likewise_o depose_v they_o till_o those_o kingdom_n become_v hereditary_a which_o be_v but_o of_o modern_a time_n i_o shall_v omit_v poland_n because_o perhaps_o you_o may_v dispute_v whether_o it_o be_v a_o kingdom_n or_o a_o commonwealth_n but_o if_o we_o pass_v into_o hungary_n which_o be_v institute_v by_o the_o huns_n a_o nation_n of_o gothic_n original_a we_o shall_v find_v not_o only_o the_o like_a assembly_n of_o estate_n as_o in_o the_o other_o kingdom_n but_o also_o that_o they_o have_v a_o magistrate_n call_v the_o palatine_a who_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o conservator_n of_o the_o people_n liberty_n and_o who_o can_v resist_v even_o the_o king_n himself_o if_o he_o invade_v they_o and_o which_o be_v also_o very_o remarkable_a in_o all_o these_o kingdom_n except_o denmark_n the_o representative_n of_o the_o city_n or_o principal_a town_n which_o constitute_v the_o three_o estate_n or_o commons_o in_o those_o kingdom_n have_v always_o a_o place_n in_o those_o great_a council_n so_o that_o to_o conclude_v it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a to_o conceive_v how_o these_o kingdom_n i_o have_v now_o mention_v can_v all_o agree_v to_o fall_v into_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o government_n about_o the_o same_o time_n unless_o it_o have_v proceed_v from_o the_o particular_a temper_n and_o genius_n of_o the_o german_a and_o gothick_n nation_n from_o which_o they_o be_v derive_v or_o who_o can_v believe_v that_o all_o these_o nation_n and_o their_o king_n find_v the_o like_a convenience_n from_o these_o great_a council_n and_o inconvenience_n by_o the_o want_n of_o they_o shall_v all_o conspire_v to_o set_v they_o up_o in_o each_o of_o these_o particular_a kingdom_n m._n i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o institution_n of_o great_a council_n or_o assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n may_v be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o government_n itself_o in_o several_a of_o those_o kingdom_n you_o mention_v which_o be_v at_o first_o elective_a but_o what_o be_v that_o to_o england_n where_o our_o monarchy_n have_v be_v by_o succession_n from_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o it_o and_o not_o elective_a as_o you_o suppose_v nor_o do_v i_o much_o value_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o mirror_n as_o to_o the_o great_a antiquity_n he_o ascribe_v to_o this_o assembly_n of_o count_n or_o comites_fw-la as_o bracton_n call_v they_o and_o in_o which_o by_o the_o way_n no_o commons_o be_v mention_v and_o though_o i_o grant_v the_o judicial_a power_n of_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n be_v very_o ancient_a yet_o that_o it_o whole_o proceed_v at_o first_o from_o the_o indulgence_n of_o our_o king_n 34._o appear_v from_o hence_o that_o there_o be_v always_o a_o necessity_n of_o the_o king_n presence_n in_o parliament_n which_o be_v very_o well_o prove_v by_o sir_n robert_n cotton_n in_o a_o learned_a treatise_n write_v on_o that_o subject_a wherein_o he_o prove_v that_o in_o all_o consultation_n of_o state_n and_o decision_n of_o private_a plaint_n it_o be_v clear_a from_o all_o time_n the_o king_n be_v not_o only_o present_a to_o advise_v but_o also_o to_o determine_v and_o whensoever_o the_o king_n be_v present_a all_o power_n of_o judge_v which_o be_v derive_v from_o he_o cease_v the_o vote_n of_o the_o lord_n may_v serve_v for_o matter_n of_o advice_n the_o final_a judgement_n be_v only_o the_o king_n but_o indeed_o of_o late_a year_n queen_n mary_n and_o queen_n elizabeth_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o sex_n be_v not_o so_o fit_a for_o public_a assembly_n have_v bring_v it_o out_o of_o use_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o be_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o many_o thing_n which_o be_v in_o former_a time_n act_v by_o king_n themselves_o have_v of_o late_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o peer_n who_o in_o quality_n of_o judge_n extraordinary_a be_v permit_v for_o the_o ease_n of_o the_o king_n and_o in_o his_o absence_n to_o determine_v such_o matter_n as_o be_v ancient_o bring_v before_o the_o king_n himself_o sit_v in_o person_n attend_v by_o his_o great_a council_n of_o prelate_n and_o peer_n and_o the_o ordinance_n that_o be_v make_v there_o receive_v their_o establishment_n either_o from_o the_o king_n presence_n in_o parliament_n where_o his_o chair_n of_o state_n be_v constant_o place_v or_o at_o least_o from_o his_o confirmation_n of_o they_o who_o in_o all_o court_n and_o in_o all_o cause_n be_v supreme_a judge_n all_o judgement_n be_v by_o or_o under_o he_o and_o can_v be_v without_o much_o less_o against_o his_o approbation_n the_o king_n only_o and_o none_o but_o he_o if_o he_o be_v able_a shall_v judge_v all_o cause_n say_v bracton_n so_o that_o nothing_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o than_o that_o the_o jurisdiction_n which_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n have_v hitherto_o exercise_v for_o the_o hear_v and_o determine_v all_o cause_n as_o well_o civil_a as_o criminal_a by_o way_n of_o appeal_n not_o only_o between_o subject_n but_o also_o in_o all_o accusation_n against_o the_o lord_n themselves_o proceed_v whole_o from_o the_o king_n which_o may_v appear_v by_o a_o ancient_a precedent_n 937._o mention_v by_o abbot_n brampton_n in_o his_o history_n it_o be_v the_o case_n between_o king_n edw._n the_o confessor_n and_o godwin_n earl_n of_o kent_n who_o the_o king_n accuse_v for_o the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n prince_n alfred_n before_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n and_o there_o you_o will_v find_v that_o after_o the_o earl_n have_v put_v himself_o upon_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o king_n court_n the_o king_n thereupon_o say_v you_o noble_a lord_n earl_n and_o baron_n i._n e._n thanes_z of_o the_o land_n who_o be_v my_o liege-man_n now_o gather_v here_o together_o and_o have_v hear_v my_o appeal_n and_o godwin_n answer_n i_o will_v that_o in_o this_o appeal_n between_o we_o you_o decree_v right_a judgement_n and_o do_v true_a justice_n and_o upon_o their_o judgement_n that_o the_o earl_n shall_v make_v the_o king_n sufficient_a satisfaction_n in_o gold_n and_o silver_n for_o the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n the_o king_n be_v thereof_o inform_v and_o not_o willing_a to_o contradict_v it_o the_o historian_n there_o say_v he_o ratify_v all_o they_o have_v judge_v i_o can_v give_v you_o many_o other_o precedent_n of_o latter_a date_n be_v it_o not_o too_o tedious_a but_o this_o be_v sufficient_a to_o show_v that_o what_o the_o pâ—ers_v act_v in_o this_o matter_n be_v by_o the_o king_n be_v sole_a will_n and_o permission_n i_o shall_v only_o conclude_v with_o one_o precedent_n more_o in_o case_n of_o some_o what_o alike_o nature_n it_o be_v that_o of_o hen._n spencer_n bishop_n of_o norwich_n 7_o rich._n 2d_o who_o be_v accuse_v foâ—_n join_v with_o the_o french_a the_o bishop_n complain_v what_o be_v do_v against_o he_o do_v not_o pass_v by_o the_o assent_n and_o knowledge_n of_o the_o peer_n whereupon_o it_o be_v say_v in_o parliament_n that_o the_o cognisance_n and_o punishment_n of_o his_o offence_n do_v of_o câ—mmon_a right_n and_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n sole_o and_o whole_o belong_v to_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o no_o other_o from_o all_o which_o i_o infer_v that_o the_o judicial_a power_n exercise_v by_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n be_v mere_o derivative_a from_o and_o subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o supreme_a power_n resiâ—â—ing_v in_o the_o king_n from_o whence_o it_o also_o follow_v that_o if_o the_o peer_n have_v no_o power_n nor_o honour_n but_o what_o proceed_v from_o the_o prince_n and_o that_o the_o commons_o
with_o the_o advice_n and_o assistance_n of_o their_o wite_n or_o wiseman_n simple_o without_o mention_v any_o particular_a order_n of_o man_n whatsoever_o and_o when_o any_o rank_a or_o degree_n of_o man_n be_v particular_o mention_v they_o be_v only_o the_o same_o before_o rehearse_v both_o ecclesiastic_n and_o laic_n 2._o i_o note_v that_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o in_o every_o one_o of_o these_o wittena_n gâ—motes_n micel_v synod_n micel_v gemote_n or_o great_a council_n where_o the_o law_n be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v only_o by_o the_o king_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o wites_z or_o sapientes_fw-la without_o particularise_v any_o degree_n of_o person_n the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n for_o the_o spiritual_a nobility_n and_o the_o eorl_n or_o alderman_n and_o thanes_z for_o the_o temporal_a be_v present_a at_o the_o make_n of_o they_o as_o also_o the_o judge_n if_o there_o be_v any_o of_o the_o high_a class_n other_o than_o bishop_n aldermen_z and_o gereve_n or_o praepositi_fw-la 3._o i_o note_v that_o it_o follow_v from_o thence_o that_o these_o all_o joint_o be_v the_o sapientes_fw-la where_o there_o be_v only_o wites_z or_o sapientes_fw-la in_o general_n name_v without_o recite_v any_o particular_a order_n or_o degree_n of_o men._n now_o if_o you_o can_v show_v i_o from_o as_o good_a authority_n as_o i_o have_v here_o produce_v that_o any_o of_o the_o commons_o sit_v in_o these_o great_a council_n at_o least_o to_o represent_v the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o among_o the_o saxon_n i_o will_v grant_v that_o during_o the_o saxon_a government_n the_o freeman_n or_o commons_o of_o england_n as_o now_o call_v and_o distinguish_v from_o the_o great_a lord_n be_v a_o essential_a constituent_a part_n of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o those_o time_n f._n to_o return_v you_o as_o short_a a_o answer_n as_o i_o can_v to_o those_o authority_n you_o now_o cite_v i_o must_v in_o the_o first_o place_n premise_v that_o though_o i_o grant_v all_o nobility_n among_o the_o ancient_a german_n saxon_n and_o frank_n who_o be_v but_o so_o many_o stirps_fw-la or_o branch_n of_o the_o gothic_a nation_n be_v at_o first_o whole_o military_a yet_o it_o be_v a_o very_a great_a mistake_n and_o savour_v of_o the_o prejudices_fw-la of_o the_o age_n and_o country_n we_o live_v in_o to_o imagine_v that_o ancient_o there_o be_v the_o same_o distinction_n between_o peer_n or_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n who_o we_o now_o call_v commoner_n as_o there_o be_v now_o for_o if_o we_o go_v but_o over_o into_o france_n or_o germany_n we_o shall_v find_v no_o difference_n there_o between_o the_o great_a and_o the_o less_o nobility_n and_o a_o gentleman_n be_v as_o noble_a as_o a_o dâ—ke_n or_o a_o marquis_n and_o if_o we_o pass_v far_o into_o denmark_n and_o norway_n from_o whence_o most_o of_o the_o danish_a law_n be_v suppose_v to_o come_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o but_o few_o year_n ago_o there_o be_v no_o such_o title_n among_o they_o as_o earl_n or_o baron_n every_o lord_n of_o a_o town_n or_o district_n be_v that_o which_o they_o call_v a_o adelman_n or_o nobleman_n and_o so_o i_o suppose_v it_o ancient_o be_v among_o the_o english_a saxon_n the_o word_n athel_n or_o adel_n comprehend_v to_o speak_v in_o our_o present_a dialect_n all_o degree_n as_o well_o nobleman_n as_o gentleman_n and_o for_o this_o i_o can_v give_v you_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o ancient_a author_n viz._n paulus_n warnefridus_n de_fw-fr gestis_fw-la longobardorum_fw-la 21._o who_o speak_v of_o these_o adelman_n or_o adeling_n tell_v we_o sic_fw-la and_o eos_fw-la quidam_fw-la nobiles_fw-la prosapia_fw-la vocabantur_fw-la so_o likewise_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n adelingi_n tit._n p._n 9_o 10._o write_v thus_o anglorum_fw-la legibus_fw-la dici_fw-la pro_fw-la nobilibus_fw-la in_o genere_fw-la quod_fw-la nec_fw-la dum_fw-la apud_fw-la germanos_fw-la antiquatum_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la omnes_fw-la nobiles_fw-la aedelman_n vocant_fw-la a_o saxonico_n aedel_n pro_fw-la nobili_fw-la and_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n make_v the_o word_n aethelum_n to_o signify_v all_o one_o 708._o either_o gentleman_n or_o nobleman_n beside_o adam_n of_o bremen_n and_o 4._o nitardus_fw-la likewise_o both_o ancient_a historian_n divide_v the_o saxon_a nation_n into_o three_o different_a degree_n or_o order_n viz_o into_o atheling_n i._n e._n noble_n friling_n i._n e._n freemen_n and_o lazzos_n i._n e._n villain_n bours_z or_o bondman_n beside_o which_o nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n there_o be_v likewise_o another_o sort_n of_o man_n who_o though_o of_o a_o inferior_a rank_n yet_o as_o freeman_n and_o have_v a_o considerable_a share_n of_o the_o riches_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o their_o hand_n have_v likewise_o a_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n as_o well_o as_o the_o former_a and_o these_o be_v the_o alderman_n or_o other_o magistrate_n of_o city_n and_o burrough_n and_o in_o this_o they_o resemble_v the_o german_a diet_n who_o constituent_a member_n be_v according_a to_o gonterus_fw-la a_o ancient_a german_a poet_n praelati_fw-la proceres_fw-la missisque_fw-la potentibus_fw-la urbes_fw-la but_o since_o this_o be_v a_o dispute_n about_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n in_o what_o sense_n they_o be_v use_v in_o that_o age_n we_o be_v now_o treat_v of_o it_o will_v not_o be_v inconvenient_a to_o examine_v from_o the_o most_o learned_a glossarist_n the_o ancient_a signification_n of_o those_o word_n which_o be_v in_o dispute_n between_o we_o and_o therefore_o since_o we_o be_v agree_v about_o the_o meaning_n of_o all_o other_o word_n except_o these_o viz._n alderman_n thanes_z wites_z magnates_n optimates_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la preceres_fw-la or_o primate_fw-la let_v we_o examine_v each_o of_o their_o ancient_a signification_n to_o begin_v then_o with_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d man_n alderman_n which_o word_n be_v of_o a_o very_a general_a signification_n for_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n alderman_n tell_v we_o that_o there_o be_v aldermannus_n regis_n comitatus_fw-la civitatis_fw-la burgi_n etc._n etc._n de_fw-fr quorum_fw-la potestate_fw-la non_fw-la facile_fw-la est_fw-la definire_fw-la alderman_n mr._n lambard_n render_v the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d man_n in_o latin_a senator_n i._n e._n one_o that_o have_v place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n and_o so_o do_v mr._n somner_n in_o his_o saxon_a dictionary_n from_o whence_o you_o may_v learn_v that_o this_o word_n be_v of_o a_o large_a signification_n and_o may_v comprehend_v such_o as_o in_o latter_a time_n be_v call_v commons_o alderman_n to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o the_o lord_n or_o high_a nobility_n and_o can_v not_o exclude_v they_o verstegan_n render_v this_o word_n thus_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o write_v in_o our_o ancient_a language_n 326._o be_v proper_o a_o elder_a or_o senior_n yet_o a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d man_n which_o we_o call_v now_o a_o alderman_n be_v such_o in_o effect_n among_o our_o ancestor_n as_o be_v the_o tribunus_n plebis_fw-la with_o the_o roman_n that_o be_v one_o that_o have_v chief_a jurisdiction_n among_o the_o commons_o as_o be_v a_o maintainer_n of_o their_o liberty_n and_o if_o so_o such_o person_n must_v certain_o have_v have_v a_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n as_o commoner_n and_o therefore_o must_v from_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o thing_n signify_v something_o more_o in_o those_o time_n than_o a_o earl_n or_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o king_n only_o so_o likewise_o that_o the_o word_n thane_n comprehend_v more_o than_o the_o king_n great_a feudal_n or_o military_a tenant_n may_v appear_v by_o these_o interpretation_n of_o it_o which_o our_o antiquary_n have_v give_v we_o the_o industrious_a mr._n somner_n in_o his_o glossary_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o x._o scriptores_fw-la as_o also_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n 267._o do_v both_o agree_v in_o the_o difference_n i_o now_o make_v between_o the_o great_a and_o the_o less_o thanes_z the_o former_a be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d thani_fw-la regii_fw-la 69._o the_o other_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d mediocres_fw-la vel_fw-la inferiores_fw-la thani_fw-la middle_n or_o less_o thanes_z who_o be_v maneriorum_fw-la domini_fw-la nobiles_fw-la miâ—â—â—es_fw-la vavasores_fw-la &_o nonnunquam_fw-la liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la with_o who_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n agree_v thanorum_fw-la duo_fw-la erant_fw-la genera_fw-la majores_fw-la quos_fw-la thainâ—s_fw-la regis_fw-la appellabant_fw-la nos_fw-la barones_n regis_fw-la &_o thaini_fw-la simpliciter_fw-la seu_fw-la thaini_fw-la minores_fw-la quâ—_n iidem_fw-la erant_fw-la qui_fw-la barones_n minores_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la maneriorum_fw-la domini_fw-la nobiles_fw-la minores_fw-la &_o nonnunquam_fw-la liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la nuncupantur_fw-la so_o likewise_o mr._n lambard_n in_o his_o glossary_n 223._o thus_o thani_fw-la autem_fw-la appellatione_fw-la viri_fw-la interdum_fw-la nobiles_fw-la interdum_fw-la liberae_fw-la conditionis_fw-la homines_fw-la interdum_fw-la magistratus_fw-la
prolix_a already_o which_o the_o abuse_v your_o dr._n have_v put_v upon_o these_o word_n will_v not_o permit_v i_o to_o avoid_v but_o now_o we_o have_v clear_v most_o of_o the_o term_n in_o dispute_n between_o we_o i_o hope_v we_o may_v proceed_v with_o great_a certainty_n m._n though_o your_o discourse_n have_v be_v long_o yet_o since_o it_o be_v so_o essential_o necessary_a to_o the_o right_a understanding_n the_o matter_n in_o hand_n i_o be_o well_o satisfy_v and_o i_o shall_v more_o full_o consider_v the_o account_n you_o give_v of_o these_o word_n another_o time_n but_o a_o present_a give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o suppose_v i_o shall_v admit_v that_o those_o word_n on_o which_o you_o have_v now_o give_v interpretation_n of_o divers_a author_n may_v sometime_o be_v take_v in_o the_o sense_n you_o have_v now_o put_v upon_o they_o and_o that_o consequent_o the_o commons_o may_v be_v represent_v under_o some_o of_o those_o general_a name_n yet_o be_o i_o not_o satisfy_v how_o the_o alderman_n and_o magistrate_n of_o city_n and_o borough_n can_v be_v include_v under_o this_o word_n wite_v since_o in_o the_o auctuary_n to_o the_o 35_o law_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n it_o be_v say_v erant_fw-la &_o aliae_fw-la potestates_fw-la &_o dignitates_fw-la 67._o per_fw-la provincias_fw-la &_o patrias_n universas_fw-la &_o per_fw-la singulos_fw-la comitatus_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la constitutae_fw-la qui_fw-la heretoches_n apud_fw-la anglos_n vocabantur_fw-la scilicet_fw-la barones_n nobiles_fw-la &_o ensign_fw-la sapientes_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o gregory_n of_o tours_n rodovicus_fw-la and_o many_o of_o the_o foreign_a ancient_a historian_n mention_v sapientes_fw-la only_a as_o lawyer_n counsellor_n judge_n and_o among_o the_o modern_a foreign_a lawyer_n hottomon_n and_o calvin_n say_v express_o they_o be_v such_o but_o perhaps_o not_o of_o the_o inferior_a ranâ—_n no_o more_o than_o the_o saxon_n sapientes_fw-la be_v of_o which_o their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d only_o consist_v and_o we_o have_v at_o this_o day_n the_o judge_n and_o king_n council_n and_o other_o great_a lawyer_n that_o sit_v in_o the_o lord_n house_n and_o be_v assistant_n to_o the_o parliament_n when_o there_o be_v occasion_n nor_o have_v you_o yet_o bring_v any_o proof_n that_o the_o city_n or_o town_n then_o send_v their_o representative_n to_o the_o great_a council_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n by_o this_o or_o any_o other_o title_n but_o as_o for_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n though_o i_o grant_v the_o treatise_n call_v modus_fw-la tenendi_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la mention_n such_o person_n to_o have_v be_v present_a in_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o k._n ethelred_n yet_o by_o that_o word_n parliament_n so_o often_o use_v by_o the_o author_n of_o that_o treatise_n and_o divers_a other_o circumstance_n it_o may_v be_v easy_o perceive_v that_o the_o author_n live_v but_o about_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n 3._o or_o rich._n 2._o as_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n and_o mr._n pryn_n in_o his_o animadversion_n to_o sir_n e._n cook_n be_v four_o institutes_n have_v very_o full_o prove_v so_o that_o admit_v that_o your_o thanes_z or_o lord_n of_o town_n do_v then_o appear_v in_o those_o council_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o tenant_n yet_o can_v they_o not_o be_v proper_o say_v to_o be_v their_o representative_n because_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o before_o they_o be_v never_o choose_v by_o they_o whereas_o now_o the_o ordinary_a freeholder_n of_o forty_o shilling_n a_o year_n and_o the_o freeman_n and_o inhabitant_n in_o city_n and_o town_n have_v the_o grâ—â—test_a share_n in_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o as_o for_o those_o thanes_z you_o mention_v they_o or_o those_o under_o who_o they_o claim_v owe_v their_o estate_n whole_o to_o the_o grant_n of_o former_a king_n and_o hold_v their_o possession_n from_o they_o by_o some_o tenure_n or_o other_o and_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o tenure_n it_o be_v that_o all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n be_v liable_a even_o those_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o church_n to_o those_o three_o service_n ancient_o call_v trinoda_n necessitas_fw-la viz._n expediâ—â—â—_n castelli_n &_o pontis_fw-la extructio_fw-la that_o be_v military_a service_n against_o a_o foreign_a enemy_n and_o the_o repair_v of_o castle_n and_o bridge_n and_o subject_a to_o the_o common_a service_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o that_o the_o earl_n and_o chief_z thanes_z do_v hold_v their_o land_n by_o knight_n or_o military_a service_n appear_v by_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o thanes_z exâ—â—rest_v in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n cnut_n in_o sir_n h._n spelman_n council_n so_o that_o if_o all_o the_o person_n who_o hold_v those_o land_n owe_v they_o whole_o to_o the_o king_n bounty_n it_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o they_o must_v likewise_o owe_v their_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n to_o the_o same_o original_a f._n i_o think_v what_o you_o have_v now_o far_o urge_v will_v be_v of_o no_o great_a moment_n against_o my_o opinion_n for_o as_o to_o the_o authority_n you_o bring_v from_o the_o addition_n to_o that_o law_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n it_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o word_n barones_n that_o it_o be_v add_v long_o since_o that_o time_n that_o word_n not_o be_v common_o in_o use_n till_o some_o time_n after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n but_o let_v that_o pass_n it_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o law_n if_o you_o will_v have_v be_v please_v to_o have_v read_v it_o out_o that_o these_o heretoches_n here_o call_v baron_n be_v no_o other_o than_o ordinary_a gentleman_n or_o thanes_z which_o then_o answer_v the_o word_n barones_n and_o these_o as_o this_o law_n itself_o express_o tell_v we_o be_v choose_v by_o all_o the_o freeman_n in_o the_o folemote_a or_o county-court_n and_o therefore_o though_o i_o grant_v they_o may_v be_v man_n of_o estate_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o their_o be_v lord_n or_o noble_a by_o birth_n nor_o be_v it_o likely_a that_o the_o people_n will_v have_v choose_v their_o earl_n or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o like_a order_n to_o command_v they_o when_o they_o have_v sufficient_a choice_n of_o thanes_z or_o gentleman_n in_o their_o own_o country_n to_o command_v the_o military_a force_n of_o it_o and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a these_o gentleman_n be_v call_v noble_n and_o remarkable_a wise_a man_n yet_o this_o according_a to_o your_o own_o show_v do_v not_o exclude_v other_o and_o those_o of_o a_o far_o different_a profession_n viz._n counsellor_n lawyer_n and_o judge_n all_o which_o you_o suppose_v have_v then_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n as_o they_o have_v now_o in_o the_o lordâ—_n house_n and_o if_o this_o word_n may_v comprehend_v both_o swordman_n and_o lawyer_n i_o can_v see_v why_o it_o may_v not_o also_o take_v in_o the_o better_o and_o rich_a sort_n of_o citizen_n and_o magistrate_n who_o in_o that_o age_n as_o be_v notorious_a be_v elect_v by_o their_o respective_a corporation_n and_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o these_o be_v call_v sapientes_fw-la in_o other_o country_n and_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o â—ny_v not_o have_v be_v call_v so_o here_o too_o but_o that_o the_o king_n judge_n and_o counsellor_n can_v have_v no_o vote_n in_o the_o saxon_a great_a council_n i_o have_v already_o give_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n to_o the_o contrary_n but_o i_o shall_v now_o far_o show_v you_o that_o the_o city_n and_o borough_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n be_v so_o much_o more_o numerous_a and_o considerable_a than_o they_o be_v now_o must_v needs_o have_v have_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o those_o time_n a_o considerable_a share_n in_o those_o great_a council_n since_o in_o they_o consist_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o strength_n and_o riches_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o be_v many_o more_o than_o they_o be_v at_o this_o day_n for_o bede_n 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o history_n that_o there_o be_v in_o england_n long_o before_o his_o time_n 28_o famous_a city_n beside_o innumerable_a castle_n and_o wall_a town_n of_o note_n many_o of_o which_o author_n though_o now_o extreme_o decay_v or_o quite_o mine_v be_v then_o very_o considerable_a the_o great_a and_o rich_a part_n of_o the_o nation_n inhabit_v in_o those_o time_n for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o city_n or_o great_a town_n for_o their_o great_a benefit_n or_o security_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o land_n of_o england_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n and_o long_o after_o â—y_a incultivate_v and_o over_o run_v with_o forest_n and_o bogâ—_n so_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o city_n and_o borough_n be_v they_o so_o considerable_a for_o estate_n in_o land_n as_o well_o as_o other_o richâ—â—_n can_v not_o â—e_v exclude_v from_o have_v place_n both_o in_o the_o british_a or_o saxon_a great_a council_n what_o man_n of_o sense_n can_v
the_o people_n than_o make_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o saxon_a time_n m._n pray_v sir_n 4._o will_v you_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v your_o question_n one_o by_o one_o as_o you_o go_v for_o fear_v i_o shall_v not_o only_o forget_v they_o but_o also_o tire_v you_o with_o too_o long_a a_o speech_n in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o you_o be_v very_o much_o mistake_v to_o suppose_v that_o by_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la be_v here_o mean_v the_o common_a people_n or_o vulgar_a whereas_o when_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la be_v use_v together_o in_o our_o ancient_a writer_n of_o those_o time_n it_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n or_o laity_n and_o not_o the_o common_a people_n for_o then_o the_o lord_n or_o great_a man_n will_v have_v be_v quite_o leave_v out_o of_o this_o council_n as_o certain_o they_o be_v not_o and_o so_o when_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la be_v use_v together_o and_o thus_o contradistinguish_v than_o they_o be_v expressive_a of_o two_o different_a estate_n or_o condition_n of_o man_n or_o christian_n the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n or_o secular_a man_n and_o those_o be_v the_o optimates_fw-la terrae_fw-la the_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o land_n before_o express_v neither_o be_v this_o council_z hold_v under_o a_o sole_a saxon_a monarch_n but_o under_o ethelbert_n king_n of_o kent_n only_o and_o that_o but_o eight_o year_n after_o augustin_n come_n hither_o and_o above_o two_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o seven_o kingdom_n be_v unite_v into_o one_o monarchy_n f._n i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o concern_v at_o this_o answer_n since_o i_o can_v prove_v that_o by_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la must_v be_v here_o understand_v somewhat_o more_o than_o king_n noblemen_z and_o judge_n viz._n the_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o likewise_o or_o else_o the_o saxon_a witenagemotes_a be_v not_o what_o their_o title_n speak_v they_o to_o be_v common_z or_o general_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n that_o be_v of_o all_o the_o estate_n or_o order_n of_o it_o there_o but_o only_o a_o convention_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o great_a lord_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o word_n clerus_fw-la do_v then_o comprehend_v all_o the_o clergy_n both_o superior_a and_o inferior_a i_o e._n as_o well_o the_o bishop_n as_o abbot_n prior_n dean_n and_o clerk_n for_o the_o secular_a clergy_n and_o cathederal_n chapter_n etc._n etc._n i_o pray_v give_v i_o a_o reason_n why_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la when_o put_v alone_o must_v be_v whole_o confine_v to_o your_o earl_n or_o chief_a thanes_z and_o may_v not_o also_o take_v in_o the_o middle_a or_o less_o thanes_z freeholder_n or_o lord_n of_o township_n and_o the_o representative_n of_o city_n and_o burrough_n town_n and_o why_o not_o with_o as_o much_o reason_n as_o that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la among_o the_o roman_n take_v in_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n both_o patrician_n and_o plebeians_z when_o assemble_v in_o their_o comitiis_fw-la centuriatis_fw-la to_o make_v law_n or_o create_v magistrate_n the_o rest_n of_o your_o argument_n be_v not_o very_o material_a for_o though_o i_o grant_v this_o council_n be_v hold_v before_o the_o heptarchy_n be_v unite_v into_o a_o monarchy_n yet_o i_o think_v it_o be_v very_o easy_a to_o prove_v that_o as_o all_o the_o saxon_a kingdom_n consist_v of_o several_a nation_n of_o the_o same_o language_n and_o original_a so_o be_v they_o likewise_o under_o the_o same_o form_n of_o government_n and_o that_o council_n consist_v of_o the_o same_o constituent_a member_n 〈◊〉_d i_o shall_v prove_v to_o you_o from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n from_o which_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o our_o present_a english_a monarchy_n and_o for_o this_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o the_o authority_n of_o will._n of_o malmesbury_n and_o h._n huntingdon_n who_o it_o be_v high_o probable_a have_v see_v the_o ancient_a history_n and_o record_n of_o those_o time_n and_o they_o both_o agree_v in_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o deposition_n of_o sigebert_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n for_o tyranny_n and_o cruelty_n anno._n 754._o the_o word_n be_v remarkable_a which_o pray_v read_v unde_fw-la in_o anno_fw-la secundo_fw-la ipsius_fw-la regni_fw-la congregati_fw-la sunt_fw-la proceres_fw-la &_o populi_n totius_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o provida_fw-la deliberatione_n &_o unanimi_fw-la consensu_fw-la omnium_fw-la expulsus_fw-la est_fw-la a_o regno_fw-la &_o kinewulfus_fw-la satus_fw-la ex_fw-la regio_fw-la sanguine_fw-la electus_fw-la est_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la where_o you_o may_v observe_v a_o plain_a difference_n make_v between_o the_o high_a nobility_n here_o call_v proceres_fw-la and_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o people_n here_o style_v populi_n as_o also_o from_o another_o authority_n of_o a_o great_a council_n hold_v under_o the_o same_o king_n aethelbert_n as_o it_o be_v mention_v by_o roger_n hoveden_n domestic_a to_o king_n hen._n ii_o in_o the_o 2d_o part_n of_o his_o annal_n where_o among_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edw._n the_o confessor_n and_o which_o he_o write_v to_o have_v be_v confirm_v by_o king_n william_n i._o you_o will_v find_v under_o the_o title_n de_fw-fr aptbâ—â—s_n &_o de_fw-fr aliis_fw-la minutis_fw-la decimis_fw-la which_o be_v there_o say_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o clergy_n by_o former_a king_n and_o particular_o by_o this_o king_n ethelbert_n these_o word_n haec_fw-la entâ—n_fw-la sanctus_n 〈◊〉_d praedicavit_fw-la &_o docuâ—t_v &_o haec_fw-la concessa_fw-la sunt_fw-la a_o rege_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la so_o that_o it_o populusâ—ere_o â—ere_z do_v not_o signify_v a_o order_n of_o man_n contradistinct_a from_o the_o baron_n or_o great_a lord_n it_o will_v have_v be_v a_o tautology_n with_o a_o witness_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v if_o this_o authority_n you_o now_o urge_v have_v be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o time_n to_o which_o it_o be_v ascribe_v it_o will_v be_v of_o some_o weight_n but_o it_o appear_v by_o this_o word_n baronibus_fw-la not_o use_v in_o england_n till_o after_o the_o conquest_n that_o it_o be_v add_v long_o after_o that_o time_n by_o some_o ignorant_a monk_n to_o the_o confessor_n law_n and_o therefore_o will_v not_o prove_v that_o for_o which_o you_o bring_v it_o viz._n that_o the_o vulâ—â—â—_n understand_v for_o the_o people_n or_o commons_o in_o the_o sense_n they_o be_v now_o take_v have_v any_o place_n in_o the_o saxon_a great_a council_n but_o make_v the_o most_o of_o it_o this_o be_v but_o the_o confirmation_n of_o a_o law_n make_v by_o king_n aethelbert_n 298._o but_o how_o and_o by_o what_o word_n the_o legislator_n be_v express_v near_o 500_o year_n after_o the_o law_n be_v make_v or_o how_o they_o be_v render_v in_o latin_a after_o the_o come_n of_o the_o norman_n transient_o and_o without_o design_n to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o they_o can_v be_v of_o much_o validity_n to_o prove_v who_o they_o be_v and_o that_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edw._n be_v make_v or_o at_o least_o translate_v into_o norman_a latin_a after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n appear_v by_o the_o word_n comites_fw-la beside_o barones_n already_o mention_v militeâ—_n servientes_fw-la etc._n etc._n all_o norman_a word_n and_o not_o know_v here_o till_o their_o come_n hither_o he_o that_o will_v assert_v any_o thing_n from_o a_o single_a uncouth_a expression_n in_o one_o case_n and_o upon_o one_o occasion_n only_o bring_v but_o a_o slender_a proof_n for_o that_o he_o say_v so_o will_n any_o man_n think_v because_o it_o be_v say_v in_o one_o of_o king_n edward_n law_n and_o perhaps_o no_o where_o else_o concern_v this_o king_n coronation_n quod_fw-la debet_fw-la in_o propria_fw-la persona_fw-la â—â—am_fw-la regno_fw-la &_o sacerdotio_fw-la &_o clero_fw-la jurare_fw-la ante_fw-la quam_fw-la ab_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la &_o episcopis_fw-la regni_fw-la coronetur_fw-la that_o the_o priest_n be_v not_o clergyman_n nor_o the_o clergyman_n priest_n and_o that_o the_o arch-bishop_n and_o bishop_n be_v neither_o many_o other_o uncoath_a expression_n do_v often_o occur_v in_o the_o old_a monk_n which_o be_v to_o be_v interpret_v according_a to_o the_o common_a usage_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o time_n in_o which_o they_o be_v deliver_v and_o therefore_o see_v before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conquest_n and_o for_o two_o or_o near_o three_o century_n of_o year_n afterward_o the_o commons_o as_o at_o this_o day_n understand_v be_v not_o call_v nor_o do_v come_v to_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n as_o i_o shall_v prove_v when_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o those_o time_n so_o that_o by_o barones_n must_v be_v here_o mean_v the_o great_a baron_n and_o by_o populus_fw-la the_o communitas_fw-la angliae_fw-la or_o which_o be_v then_o all_o one_o the_o communitas_fw-la baronum_fw-la the_o less_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n be_v
and_o matt._n of_o westminster_n call_v some_o of_o they_o milites_fw-la yet_o this_o make_v nothing_o against_o our_o opinion_n for_o as_o i_o prove_v before_o the_o great_a milites_fw-la be_v often_o style_v baron_n and_o the_o baron_n milites_fw-la nor_o be_v this_o earl_n and_o the_o four_o baron_n here_o mention_v choose_a or_o send_v by_o the_o baronage_n of_o the_o kingdom_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n to_o represent_v they_o at_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n but_o be_v only_o pitch_v upon_o by_o a_o body_n of_o military_a man_n or_o baron_n at_o a_o tornament_n intend_v to_o have_v be_v hold_v at_o dunstable_n which_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o king_n and_o these_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o warn_v mr._n martin_n the_o pope_n clerk_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o account_n matt._n paris_n give_v we_o of_o this_o business_n in_o the_o paragraph_n immediate_o follow_v so_o that_o the_o history_n of_o the_o thing_n make_v it_o plain_a who_o be_v the_o universitas_fw-la regni_fw-la to_o wit_n the_o baron_n or_o the_o universitas_fw-la armatorum_fw-la who_o be_v meet_v to_o hold_v the_o tournament_n and_o these_o the_o king_n there_o call_v his_o baron_n and_o after_o this_o in_o the_o 30_o of_o hen._n iii_o when_o the_o pope_n do_v not_o give_v satisfaction_n to_o their_o grievance_n the_o king_n call_v as_o this_o author_n tell_v we_o 〈◊〉_d parliamentum_fw-la generalissimum_fw-la 696._o totius_fw-la regni_fw-la anglicani_n totalem_fw-la nobilitatem_fw-la londini_fw-la viz._n prelatorum_fw-la tam_fw-la abbatum_fw-la &_o priorum_fw-la quam_fw-la epiâ—coporum_fw-la comitum_fw-la quoque_fw-la &_o baronium_n ut_fw-la de_fw-la statu_fw-la regni_fw-la jam_fw-la 〈◊〉_d efficatiter_fw-la prout_fw-la exegit_fw-la urgens_fw-la necessitas_fw-la contrectarent_fw-la 106._o in_o this_o very_a parliament_n the_o king_n confer_v with_o the_o bishop_n by_o themselves_o and_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n by_o themselves_o about_o this_o business_n of_o the_o pope_n not_o keep_v his_o promise_n and_o certain_o if_o there_o have_v be_v then_o any_o commons_o in_o this_o parliament_n he_o will_v have_v also_o confer_v with_o they_o about_o the_o same_o matter_n the_o result_n of_o all_o these_o conference_n be_v that_o yet_o for_o the_o reverence_n due_a to_o the_o apostolic_a see_v they_o shall_v again_o supplicate_v the_o pope_n by_o letter_n to_o remove_v their_o intolerable_a grievance_n and_o insupportable_a yoke_n and_o this_o they_o do_v in_o separate_a conference_n the_o bishop_n write_v by_o themselves_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n by_o themselves_o and_o the_o earl_n baron_n etc._n etc._n by_o themselves_o to_o the_o pope_n and_o if_o there_o have_v be_v any_o commons_o as_o at_o this_o day_n they_o most_o certain_o will_v likewise_o have_v write_v to_o the_o pope_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o constituent_a part_n of_o this_o parliament_n do_v f._n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o answer_v what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v in_o the_o first_o place_n though_o i_o shall_v grant_v that_o these_o commissioner_n send_v by_o the_o baronage_n of_o england_n be_v all_o of_o they_o baron_n and_o no_o commoner_n among_o they_o do_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o the_o person_n that_o send_v they_o must_v have_v be_v all_o lord_n too_o for_o if_o those_o commissioner_n be_v all_o peer_n who_o represent_v your_o barones_n minores_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o as_o you_o yourself_o have_v grant_v be_v no_o lord_n at_o all_o and_o why_o may_v not_o those_o lord_n as_o well_o represent_v all_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n as_o they_o do_v these_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la so_o that_o it_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o these_o word_n universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angliae_fw-la must_v needs_o then_o comprehend_v somewhat_o more_o than_o your_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o since_o the_o word_n barones_n &_o milites_fw-la alone_a and_o sufficient_o express_v all_o the_o constituent_a member_n of_o your_o parliament_n without_o add_v &_o universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la which_o will_v have_v be_v a_o tautology_n but_o that_o it_o be_v very_o usual_a for_o the_o great_a lord_n in_o those_o day_n to_o write_v letter_n in_o their_o own_o name_n as_o also_o for_o all_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o when_o i_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o two_o other_o instance_n of_o a_o like_a nature_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o edw._n i._n and_o edw._n iii_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o good_a argument_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o have_v no_o hand_n in_o this_o message_n or_o letter_n because_o they_o do_v not_o write_v by_o themselves_o much_o less_o be_v it_o so_o because_o it_o be_v not_o express_o mention_v by_o matt._n paris_n that_o the_o king_n consult_v the_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n that_o therefore_o they_o be_v not_o there_o since_o this_o author_n write_v very_o concise_o comprehend_v all_o the_o lay_v estate_n under_o the_o word_n comites_fw-la &_o barones_n or_o else_o magnate_v alone_o so_o likewise_o matt_n of_o westminster_n when_o he_o mention_n divers_a parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edw._n i_o and_o edw._n two_o express_v they_o under_o the_o same_o title_n and_o though_o this_o author_n often_o mention_n the_o earl_n and_o baron_n to_o have_v do_v this_o or_o that_o yet_o it_o be_v no_o argument_n to_o conclude_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o then_o there_o and_o for_o this_o pray_v take_v these_o example_n our_o of_o matt._n westminster_n when_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1300._o the_o 28_o of_o edw._n i._n he_o tell_v we_o the_o king_n hold_v his_o parliament_n at_o lincoln_n where_o the_o comites_fw-la &_o barones_n demand_v a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n and_o they_o further_o ask_v that_o the_o deforestation_n make_v by_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v confirm_v and_o then_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o thereupon_o the_o charter_n of_o liberty_n and_o forest_n be_v again_o renew_v and_o be_v pass_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n be_v proclaim_v before_o all_o the_o people_n in_o every_o country_n where_o you_o see_v that_o the_o complain_v be_v make_v by_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o confirmation_n of_o these_o charter_n must_v have_v proceed_v from_o all_o the_o estate_n for_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n and_o prior_n be_v there_o no_o more_o mention_v than_o the_o commons_o who_o be_v then_o as_o barones_n majores_fw-la constituent_a member_n of_o this_o parliament_n so_o also_o henry_n de_fw-fr knighton_n 2928._o anno_fw-la dom._n 1301._o the_o 30_o edw._n i._n tell_v we_o of_o a_o parliament_n this_o king_n hold_v at_o stamford_n where_o meet_v the_o earl_n and_o baron_n and_o with_o great_a courage_n persist_v until_o they_o have_v get_v the_o charter_n of_o forest_n full_o grant_v and_o confirm_v to_o they_o where_o note_n that_o though_o by_o way_n of_o excellency_n the_o earl_n and_o baron_n who_o then_o bear_v the_o great_a sway_n be_v here_o only_o mention_v yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o commons_o be_v also_o summon_v to_o this_o parliament_n now_o if_o these_o late_a historian_n pass_v by_o the_o commons_o though_o then_o constituent_a member_n of_o parliament_n without_o any_o one_o express_v mention_n why_o may_v not_o matt._n paris_n do_v so_o too_o but_o that_o he_o do_v do_v so_o appear_v very_o plain_o from_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o parliament_n hold_v in_o 30_o hen._n ii_o to_o the_o pope_n and_o cardinal_n be_v still_o at_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n to_o remove_v the_o intolerable_a grievance_n above_o mention_v that_o to_o the_o pope_n be_v tecit_v at_o large_a by_o matt._n paris_n cleopatra_n though_o that_o to_o the_o cardinal_n be_v omit_v by_o he_o but_o in_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n of_o the_o time_n extant_a in_o sir_n john_n cottons_n library_n of_o both_o letter_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v send_v to_o the_o cardinal_n at_o lion_n a_o baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o universitatibâ—â—_n bâ—â—â—nagii_fw-la anglia_fw-it now_o who_o these_o be_v the_o subsequent_a letter_n to_o the_o pope_n in_o matt._n poris_n will_v inform_v we_o which_o begin_v thus_o sanctissimo_fw-la etc._n etc._n 〈◊〉_d silij_fw-la svi_fw-la richardus_fw-la comes_fw-la cornubia_n 700._o etc._n etc._n together_o with_o divers_a other_o earl_n there_o name_v but_o the_o baron_n and_o commons_o be_v not_o particular_o recite_v but_o be_v comprehend_v under_o these_o general_n word_n barones_n proceres_fw-la &_o magnate_v ac_fw-la nobiles_fw-la portuum_fw-la marishabitatores_fw-la necnon_fw-la &_o clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la universus_fw-la salutem_fw-la and_o pray_v note_n that_o matt._n paris_n have_v before_o call_v this_o a_o parliament_n 698._o convenientibus_fw-la igitur_fw-la ad_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la which_o word_n take_v in_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n as_o the_o nobiles_fw-la portuum_fw-la maris_fw-la habitatores_fw-la do_v the_o baron_n of_o the_o cinqâ—â—_fw-fr port_n
answer_v it_o i_o confess_v it_o appear_v very_o specious_a at_o first_o sight_n but_o what_o if_o i_o show_v you_o that_o this_o letter_n be_v write_v by_o the_o lord_n only_o from_o lincoln_n after_o the_o commons_o have_v be_v dismiss_v from_o thence_o by_o prorogation_n or_o adjournment_n for_o though_o it_o be_v common_o story_v but_o erroneous_o that_o this_o whole_a parliament_n 153._o or_o at_o least_o the_o temporal_a lord_n and_o the_o commons_o write_v to_o the_o pope_n concern_v the_o jurisdiction_n and_o superiority_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n over_o the_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n yet_o it_o can_v be_v so_o for_o this_o parliament_n meet_v on_o the_o octave_n of_o hillary_n or_o the_o 20_o of_o january_n and_o sit_v but_o eight_o day_n the_o writ_n for_o the_o commons_o expense_n bear_v date_n january_n the_o 30_o of_o the_o same_o year_n writ_n and_o the_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n sign_v by_o the_o temporal_a lord_n for_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a 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animadversion_n upon_o my_o lord_n coke_n four_o institutes_n be_v the_o first_o who_o start_v this_o objection_n that_o the_o commons_o can_v not_o be_v present_a as_o party_n to_o this_o letter_n 9_o yet_o he_o still_o suppose_v that_o the_o lord_n who_o stay_v behind_o and_o make_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o great_a council_n at_o lincoln_n sign_v it_o not_o only_o for_o themselves_o but_o for_o the_o commons_o also_o though_o not_o actual_o there_o and_o be_v not_o so_o extravagant_a as_o your_o dr._n to_o suppose_v that_o by_o the_o word_n in_o this_o letter_n tam_fw-la pro_fw-la nobis_fw-la quam_fw-la pro_fw-la tota_fw-la communitate_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o community_n of_o baron_n only_o for_o that_o will_v have_v be_v a_o tautology_n indeed_o for_o so_o the_o last_o word_n communitas_fw-la etc._n etc._n will_v have_v signify_v no_o more_o than_o that_o they_o subscribe_v for_o themselves_o and_o themselves_o and_o that_o the_o word_n cummaâ—â—tas_fw-la 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there_o be_v no_o change_n neither_o of_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o our_o ancient_a parliament_n nor_o of_o the_o term_n by_o which_o they_o be_v express_v our_o ancient_a record_n appear_v by_o a_o plea_n among_o mr._n ryley_n print_a plea_n of_o parliament_n in_o 35th_o of_o edw._n i._n where_o it_o be_v recite_v 376._o that_o in_o a_o parliament_n at_o carlisle_n will._n de_fw-fr testa_n the_o pope_n clerk_n be_v impeach_v per_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o alios_fw-la magnates_fw-la &_o communitatem_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la concern_v divers_a new_a and_o intolerable_a grievance_n lay_v upon_o they_o by_o the_o pope_n where_o you_o see_v there_o be_v no_o change_n of_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la after_o the_o commons_o be_v as_o you_o suppose_v certain_o present_a in_o this_o parliament_n and_o why_o the_o same_o word_n shall_v not_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n as_o well_o as_o now_o you_o have_v need_n give_v i_o very_o good_a authority_n to_o prove_v the_o contrary_a against_o such_o clear_a evidence_n as_o this_o but_o this_o record_n go_v on_o and_o far_o recite_v that_o these_o letter_n be_v send_v to_o the_o pope_n exit_fw-la parte_fw-la communitatis_fw-la praedictae_fw-la and_o in_o which_o clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la dicti_fw-la regni_fw-la set_v forth_o the_o say_a grievance_n to_o the_o full_a now_o as_o the_o word_n clerus_fw-la here_o express_v all_o sort_n of_o degree_n of_o clergy_n as_o well_o superior_a as_o inferior_a represent_v in_o parliament_n and_o convocation_n so_o much_o populus_fw-la here_o signify_v the_o laity_n of_o both_o order_n as_o well_o the_o commons_o as_o lord_n since_o the_o commons_o be_v certain_o present_a at_o this_o parliament_n and_o why_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la shall_v not_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n long_o before_o i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n for_o it_o but_o the_o dr.'s_n bear_v assertion_n and_o as_o for_o what_o you_o say_v that_o the_o commons_o can_v be_v no_o party_n to_o this_o letter_n because_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o writ_n of_o expense_n that_o they_o be_v discharge_v before_o this_o letter_n be_v write_v admit_v it_o be_v so_o it_o make_v nothing_o against_o my_o assertion_n for_o why_o can_v not_o the_o commons_o agree_v upon_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o letter_n and_o leave_v the_o lord_n to_o draw_v it_o up_o and_o subscribe_v it_o for_o they_o after_o they_o be_v go_v home_o and_o that_o it_o be_v so_o appear_v by_o the_o letter_n if_o self_n which_o recite_v that_o the_o king_n have_v cause_v the_o pope_n letter_n in_o medio_fw-la or_o pleno_fw-la parliamento_fw-la exhiberi_fw-la ac_fw-la scriose_fw-la nobis_fw-la fecit_fw-la exponi_fw-la unde_fw-la habito_fw-la tractatu_fw-la &_o deliberationâ—_n diligenti_fw-la super_fw-la câ—â—tentis_fw-la in_o literis_fw-la vestris_fw-la memoratis_fw-la communis_fw-la concor_fw-la &_o unanimus_fw-la omnium_fw-la &_o singulâ—râ—m_fw-la consensus_fw-la suit_n etc._n etc._n now_o every_o one_o know_v that_o understand_v any_o thing_n of_o parliamentary_a affair_n that_o when_o any_o thing_n be_v say_v in_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n or_o other_o record_n to_o have_v be_v agree_v upon_o in_o full_a parliament_n that_o be_v always_o understand_v to_o have_v be_v do_v all_o the_o estate_n be_v there_o present_a nor_o can_v i_o see_v any_o reason_n why_o this_o letter_n shall_v not_o be_v call_v the_o letter_n of_o the_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o lord_n since_o the_o very_a statute_n of_o that_o age_n be_v often_o say_v to_o have_v be_v assent_v to_o by_o the_o commons_o though_o it_o be_v clear_a they_o be_v not_o draw_v up_o into_o form_n till_o after_o the_o parliament_n be_v dismiss_v but_o that_o the_o commons_o be_v certain_o party_n to_o this_o letter_n appear_v by_o a_o record_n of_o the_o begin_n of_o edw._n iii_o time_n print_v by_o mr._n pryn_n keeper_n of_o the_o record_n of_o the_o tower_n and_o which_o he_o tell_v we_o he_o find_v among_o the_o roll_n in_o the_o white-town_n which_o record_n contain_v the_o head_n of_o a_o defence_n compile_v by_o the_o king_n council_n in_o order_n to_o a_o strong_a defence_n against_o the_o pope_n take_v cognizance_n in_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n concern_v the_o king_n of_o england_n superiority_n over_o scotland_n in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o 2d_o of_o which_o record_n 895._o there_o be_v a_o remarkable_a article_n relate_v to_o this_o very_a letter_n now_o before_o we_o in_o these_o word_n item_n ad_fw-la finem_fw-la quod_fw-la nobiles_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o procuratores_fw-la crâ—munitatis_fw-la subditorum_fw-la regni_fw-la praedicti_fw-la admittantur_fw-la per_fw-la ipsum_fw-la domiâ—â—â—_n regem_fw-la ad_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la defensiones_fw-la propenend_n prout_fw-la corum_fw-la antecessores_fw-la ab_fw-la avo_fw-la dicti_fw-la domâ—â—â—_n regis_fw-la nostri_fw-la â—rant_fw-la admissi_fw-la now_o to_o what_o transaction_n of_o this_o kind_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edw._n i._n this_o king_n grandfather_n can_v this_o passage_n
that_o if_o the_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n have_v be_v sufficient_o explain_v i_o think_v no_o reasonable_a man_n can_v have_v any_o cause_n to_o doubt_v whether_o these_o abstract_a word_n nobilitas_fw-la universitas_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la shall_v be_v take_v for_o all_o sort_n and_o degree_n of_o man_n when_o thus_o represent_v in_o the_o great_a council_n or_o whether_o they_o shall_v be_v confine_v to_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a nobility_n only_o viz._n the_o great_a lord_n bishop_n and_o tenant_n in_o caâ—ite_fw-la as_o you_o will_v make_v i_o believe_v which_o require_v strong_a proof_n than_o what_o you_o have_v yet_o bring_v beside_o which_o sense_n of_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la or_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la it_o be_v also_o more_o common_o use_v at_o this_o day_n and_o often_o then_o too_o in_o another_o more_o restrain_v and_o yet_o legal_a sense_n and_o that_o be_v when_o it_o be_v use_v for_o the_o commonalty_n or_o commons_o of_o england_n distinct_a from_o the_o peer_n and_o this_o may_v very_o easy_o be_v distinguish_v by_o observe_v that_o when_o it_o be_v take_v in_o this_o sense_n it_o be_v always_o set_v after_o the_o particular_a enumeration_n of_o the_o other_o order_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o peer_n viz._n the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o baron_n or_o when_o it_o be_v put_v contradistinct_a to_o the_o word_n magnate_v i_o shall_v give_v you_o some_o authority_n and_o example_n from_o historian_n and_o record_n of_o both_o these_o 35._o and_o that_o in_o the_o time_n precede_v those_o that_o you_o allow_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v be_v summon_v in_o parliament_n of_o this_o sort_n be_v that_o which_o matt._n westm_n mention_n as_o a_o parliament_n hold_v 37th_o hen._n iii_o and_o which_o be_v thus_o recite_v in_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o this_o year_n 352._o where_o after_o the_o excommunication_n denounce_v against_o all_o infringer_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la there_o be_v this_o solemn_a clause_n aâ—ded_v that_o if_o to_o the_o write_n concern_v the_o say_a sentence_n any_o other_o thing_n or_o in_o any_o otherwise_o shall_v be_v add_v thereunto_o beside_o the_o form_n of_o the_o say_a sentence_n then_o to_o be_v denounce_v and_o approve_v of_o that_o then_o dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o praedicti_fw-la magnates_fw-la &_o communitas_fw-la populi_n pretestantur_fw-la publicae_fw-la before_o all_o the_o bishop_n that_o they_o will_v never_o consent_v thereunto_o and_o conclude_v thus_o in_o cujus_fw-la rei_fw-la testimonium_fw-la &_o in_o posterum_fw-la veritatis_fw-la testimonium_fw-la as_o well_o the_o king_n as_o the_o earl_n of_o norff._n heref._n essex_n and_o warwick_n as_o peter_n de_fw-fr sabaâ—dia_n ad_fw-la inslantiam_fw-la aliorum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la &_o populi_n praescripti_fw-la sigilla_fw-la sua_fw-la apposuerunt_fw-la where_o you_o may_v see_v that_o it_o be_v usual_a before_o the_o 49th_o hen._n iii_o for_o those_o that_o be_v peer_n to_o sign_n for_o the_o communitas_fw-la populi_n or_o commons_o m_o i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v your_o authority_n as_o you_o bring_v they_o lest_o i_o not_o only_o forget_v some_o of_o they_o but_o also_o tire_v both_o you_o and_o myself_o with_o too_o long_a a_o discourse_n i_o hope_v i_o be_o very_a well_o able_a to_o prove_v by_o the_o learned_a dr.'s_n assistance_n dein_fw-ge that_o the_o communitas_fw-la populi_n here_o mention_v doâ—h_o signify_v not_o the_o commonalty_n or_o commons_o but_o the_o community_n of_o the_o laity_n there_o present_a consist_v of_o the_o great_a baron_n or_o else_o the_o less_o or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o matt._n paris_n call_v this_o council_n tota_n angliae_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la 865._o and_o in_o this_o parliament_n the_o king_n demand_v a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n of_o they_o after_o much_o contest_v and_o upon_o promise_n to_o reform_v all_o abuse_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n thereupon_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o the_o church_n grant_v the_o ten_o of_o the_o revenue_n for_o three_o year_n and_o the_o knight_n or_o nobility_n grant_v for_o that_o year_n scutage_n to_o wit_n three_o mark_n of_o every_o scutum_n or_o knight_n 〈◊〉_d and_o then_o the_o arch-bishop_n and_o bishop_n in_o their_o pontificalibus_fw-la with_o light-candle_n in_o their_o hand_n in_o the_o presence_n and_o with_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o king_n the_o earl_n of_o cornwall_n his_o brother_n and_o several_a earl_n there_o name_v &_o aliorum_fw-la optimatum_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o other_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n excommunicate_v and_o curse_v all_o those_o that_o from_o thence_o forward_o shall_v deprive_v the_o church_n of_o she_o right_o and_o all_o those_o that_o shall_v change_v alter_v or_o diminish_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n and_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n especial_o those_o grant_v in_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o the_o common_a liberty_n of_o england_n and_o charter_n of_o the_o forest_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n arâ—hiâ—piscopis_n episcopis_fw-la &_o cateris_fw-la angliae_fw-la praelatis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o â—â—berè_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n i._n e._n to_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n and_o other_o prelate_n of_o â—â—gland_n and_o to_o the_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o free-tenant_n or_o tenant_n in_o military_a 〈◊〉_d knight_n service_n for_o they_o only_o be_v such_o aâ—_n pay_v scutage_n which_o be_v at_o this_o â—ime_n a_o kind_n of_o composition_n with_o the_o king_n for_o the_o confirm_a magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o be_v never_o charge_v but_o upon_o knight_n fee_n and_o these_o be_v such_o that_o hold_v perhaps_o one_o narrow_a or_o scanty_a knight_n fee_n only_o or_o some_o part_n of_o a_o knight_n fee_n as_o a_o half_a 3d_o four_o 6_o 8_o part_n etc._n etc._n who_o all_o pay_v a_o proportionable_a share_n of_o scutage_n to_o the_o great_a lord_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o the_o land_n they_o hold_v of_o they_o in_o military_a service_n which_o be_v pay_v first_o to_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o by_o they_o pay_v to_o the_o king_n and_o from_o thence_o i_o collect_v that_o beside_o the_o barones_n majores_fw-la that_o come_v to_o this_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n there_o be_v also_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la according_a to_o the_o direction_n and_o law_n for_o summons_n in_o king_n john_n charter_n who_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n tota_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la &_o milites_fw-la and_o that_o other_o tenant_n but_o hold_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n be_v bind_v by_o their_o act_n 〈◊〉_d they_o all_o know_v how_o many_o knight_n fee_n they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o if_o â—â—ey_n have_v give_v any_o away_o to_o other_o they_o hold_v of_o they_o as_o they_o do_v of_o the_o crown_n use_v answer_v a_o proportionable_a rate_n towards_o this_o tax_n for_o the_o fee_n quantity_n 〈◊〉_d part_n of_o fee_n they_o hold_v of_o they_o about_o which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o mistake_n 〈◊〉_d the_o scutage_n be_v ascertain_v so_o that_o in_o so_o great_a a_o assembly_n where_o all_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n be_v call_v together_o by_o the_o king_n be_v write_v and_o upon_o so_o great_a 〈◊〉_d occasion_n and_o solemnity_n as_o confirm_v the_o great_a charter_n of_o liberty_n after_o such_o a_o extraordinary_a a_o manner_n it_o can_v be_v doubt_v but_o beside_o the_o baron_n all_o the_o 〈◊〉_d in_o capite_fw-la both_o great_a and_o small_a which_o be_v then_o very_o numerous_a be_v present_a or_o at_o least_o most_o of_o they_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v not_o difficult_a to_o tell_v you_o to_o the_o communitas_fw-la be_v after_o the_o prelate_n baron_n and_o magnaâ—â—â—_n they_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v all_o summon_v by_o one_o general_n write_v nor_o choose_v and_o send_v by_o the_o people_n but_o summon_v as_o the_o great_a baron_n in_o general_a by_o king_n john_n '_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o hereafter_o f._n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v be_v well_o enough_o able_a to_o prove_v that_o what_o you_o have_v now_o allege_v be_v pure_a imagination_n or_o in_o the_o dr._n phrase_n a_o airy_a ambuscade_n and_o quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o matt._n paris_n as_o also_o of_o the_o lawyer_n and_o historian_n of_o those_o time_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n nothing_o be_v plain_a than_o that_o this_o author_n by_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la populi_n must_v understand_v a_o order_n of_o man_n distinct_a from_o the_o magnate_v or_o else_o if_o the_o word_n magnates_n may_v have_v comprehend_v they_o all_o it_o will_v have_v be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o have_v mention_v any_o more_o but_o to_o answer_v those_o authority_n you_o bring_v from_o mat._n paris_n as_o for_o the_o word_n nobilitas_fw-la since_o you_o still_o insist_v upon_o it_o i_o
voluntate_fw-la &_o precipto_n domini_fw-la regis_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la â—â—â—datorum_fw-la baâ—onium_fw-la ac_fw-la etiam_fw-la communitatis_fw-la tunc_fw-la ibidem_fw-la praesentium_fw-la m._n i_o think_v the_o dr._n have_v give_v we_o full_a satisfaction_n as_o to_o this_o record_n p._n in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n the_o substance_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v here_o give_v you_o in_o short_a first_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o at_o the_o make_n of_o this_o force_a peace_n simon_n mountford_n and_o his_o faction_n then_o hold_v the_o king_n and_o prince_n as_o also_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n the_o king_n brother_n as_o good_a as_o prisoner_n and_o make_v they_o do_v what_o he_o please_v and_o he_o carry_v the_o king_n and_o prince_n along_o with_o he_o until_o he_o have_v take_v in_o all_o the_o strong_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o when_o he_o have_v do_v than_o he_o call_v this_o parliament_n which_o can_v not_o be_v one_o in_o the_o sense_n it_o be_v now_o take_v since_o there_o be_v none_o there_o but_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o head_n of_o the_o rebel_n which_o have_v the_o king_n and_o prince_n in_o their_o power_n and_o as_o you_o yourself_o set_v forth_o be_v the_o same_o person_n that_o seal_v it_o for_o themselves_o and_o the_o other_o baron_n and_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n which_o community_n must_v be_v the_o community_n of_o the_o baron_n and_o great_a man_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o military_a service_n and_o no_o other_o for_o how_o can_v the_o lord_n and_o baron_n sign_v any_o thing_n for_o the_o commons_o as_o at_o this_o day_n understand_v they_o do_v not_o then_o nor_o now_o do_v represent_v they_o 217._o but_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o another_o authority_n to_o make_v this_o clear_a of_o some_o year_n before_o relate_v in_o matt._n paris_n viz._n anno_fw-la dom._n 12â—â—_n 42_o d_o hen._n iii_o where_o letter_n be_v say_v to_o be_v send_v a_o communitate_fw-la angliae_fw-la to_o the_o pope_n concern_v aymer_n de_fw-fr valence_n bishop_n elect_n of_o wachester_n the_o direction_n be_v thus_o sanctissimo_fw-la in_o christo_fw-la patri_fw-la etc._n etc._n communitas_fw-la comitum_fw-la procerum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la cum_fw-la subjectione_n debita_fw-la pedum_n osrâ—â—â—_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o put_v the_o matter_n beyond_o all_o doubt_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o these_o letter_n be_v seal_v by_o six_o earl_n and_o five_o baron_n only_o vice_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la i_o need_v 〈◊〉_d give_v you_o their_o name_n since_o you_o may_v find_v they_o in_o the_o author_n himself_o as_o also_o cite_v by_o the_o dr._n and_o as_o for_o h._n bigod_n the_o chief_a justice_n and_o the_o four_o person_n name_v after_o he_o they_o be_v prove_v by_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n in_o his_o baronage_n of_o england_n to_o have_v be_v the_o great_a baron_n in_o the_o kingdom_n now_o pray_v let_v i_o ask_v you_o this_o question_n do_v these_o eleven_o person_n all_o great_a earl_n and_o baron_n represent_v the_o whole_a commons_o or_o community_n of_o england_n as_o at_o this_o day_n understand_v or_o do_v they_o represent_v the_o community_n of_o the_o baron_n only_o together_o with_o the_o alios_fw-la the_o milites_fw-la which_o hold_v by_o military_a service_n of_o the_o great_a baron_n and_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o the_o whole_a community_n here_o intend_v must_v be_v one_o of_o they_o take_v which_o you_o please_v you_o will_v lose_v the_o cause_n for_o certain_o these_o great_a 〈◊〉_d and_o baron_n that_o seal_v this_o letter_n vice_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la be_v not_o choose_v nor_o send_v by_o the_o commons_o to_o this_o parliament_n or_o meeting_n nor_o be_v the_o commons_o represent_v as_o at_o this_o day_n by_o they_o as_o you_o yourself_o have_v already_o grant_v f._n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o make_v any_o long_a reply_n to_o this_o 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of_o honour_n fol._n 586_o 587._o it_o be_v make_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o baron_n and_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o assembly_n matt._n paris_n express_v more_o succinct_o by_o these_o word_n tota_fw-la nobilitus_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o unum_fw-la collecta_fw-la quasi_fw-la sub_fw-la numero_fw-la non_fw-la cadebit_fw-la so_o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v plain_a than_o that_o many_o other_o beside_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la appear_v at_o this_o great_a council_n m._n in_o the_o first_o place_n before_o i_o answer_v the_o main_a of_o your_o argument_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o i_o can_v allow_v this_o assembly_n at_o run_v mead_n to_o have_v be_v true_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n but_o rather_o a_o rebellious_a arm_a rout_n meet_v together_o without_o the_o king_n writ_n of_o summons_n and_o indeed_o whether_o he_o will_v or_o not_o and_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o assert_v that_o any_o representative_n have_v vote_n therein_o nor_o can_v you_o show_v i_o that_o any_o knight_n citizen_n or_o burgess_n be_v summon_v to_o it_o f._n i_o grant_v indeed_o that_o that_o assembly_n be_v not_o proper_o a_o parliament_n i_o mean_v such_o as_o we_o have_v at_o this_o day_n as_o not_o be_v call_v by_o the_o king_n writ_n yet_o since_o almost_o all_o the_o bishop_n earls_z baron_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v then_o in_o arm_n it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v reckon_v a_o common_a council_n or_o solemn_a convention_n of_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n and_o that_o after_o the_o most_o ancient_a manner_n since_o all_o or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o freeholder_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v there_o present_a in_o parliament_n and_o that_o this_o council_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o parliament_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n appear_v by_o a_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o northamptonshire_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n in_o the_o 28_o of_o hen._n 3._o dorso_fw-la to_o this_o effect_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o permit_v any_o one_o in_o his_o bailiwick_n to_o use_v any_o liberty_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n unless_o they_o have_v former_o be_v use_v ad_fw-la tempus_fw-la parliamenti_fw-la de_fw-la run_v mead_n quod_fw-la fuit_fw-la inter_fw-la dominum_fw-la johannem_fw-la regem_fw-la patrem_fw-la nostrum_fw-la &_o barones_n suos_fw-la angliae_fw-la m._n i_o see_v that_o you_o be_v force_v to_o confess_v that_o this_o assembly_n be_v no_o parliament_n in_o the_o sense_n we_o now_o take_v that_o word_n nor_o indeed_o can_v be_v any_o more_o than_o a_o rebellious_a rout_n there_o meet_v whether_o the_o king_n will_v or_o no_o and_o therefore_o the_o word_n parliament_n be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v in_o this_o record_n in_o the_o sense_n we_o now_o take_v it_o since_o that_o word_n come_v not_o in_o use_n here_o instead_o of_o magnum_fw-la concilium_fw-la 71._o &_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la &_o colloquium_fw-la a_o conferrence_n until_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o henry_n iii_o reige_n and_o do_v no_o more_o point_n out_o the_o constituent_a member_n of_o it_o than_o that_o word_n do_v at_o that_o time_n and_o so_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n parliamentum_fw-la be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o this_o record_n f._n i_o think_v i_o have_v very_o good_a reason_n notwithstanding_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v to_o affirm_v that_o this_o be_v a_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n accord_v to_o the_o mode_n of_o those_o time_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v not_o call_v by_o the_o king_n writ_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a he_o avoid_v call_v any_o because_o he_o utter_o refuse_v to_o grant_v this_o charter_n at_o all_o yet_o that_o be_v not_o material_a since_o they_o be_v a_o general_a and_o full_a assembly_n or_o convention_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n have_v a_o just_a right_a to_o meet_v and_o vindicate_v their_o liberty_n then_o outrageous_o oppress_v and_o tread_v under_o foot_n by_o the_o king_n and_o the_o king_n himself_o own_v they_o as_o a_o lawful_a assembly_n paâ—is_n by_o send_v to_o they_o and_o appoint_v they_o to_o meet_v in_o run_v mead_n between_o staines_n and_o windsor_n on_o the_o 15_o the_o of_o june_n which_o our_o historian_n tell_v we_o they_o joyful_o obey_v so_o that_o he_o himself_o admit_v they_o to_o be_v a_o lawful_a assembly_n of_o estate_n and_o consequent_o for_o his_o parliament_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o agreement_n now_o cite_v m._n i_o shall_v not_o much_o trouble_v myself_o 159._o whither_o this_o be_v proper_o the_o great_a council_n or_o not_o but_o however_o i_o can_v see_v how_o mr._n selden_n can_v make_v out_o that_o this_o charter_n be_v make_v by_o or_o to_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n for_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o ground_n for_o it_o for_o if_o under_o the_o word_n liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la all_o the_o freeman_n or_o free-tenant_n of_o what_o condition_n soever_o be_v comprehend_v yet_o she_o be_v nothing_o in_o this_o record_n that_o any_o way_n prove_v that_o they_o have_v any_o hand_n in_o make_v this_o charter_n but_o the_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la here_o be_v only_o those_o who_o the_o king_n call_v liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la nostri_fw-la in_o his_o charter_n and_o immediate_o grant_v they_o several_a relaxation_n of_o their_o rigid_a feudal_n tenor_n by_o which_o it_o be_v apparent_a these_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la be_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o yet_o neither_o be_v the_o charter_n make_v by_o they_o as_o be_v before_o intimate_v though_o i_o confess_v these_o be_v the_o freeman_n which_o make_v such_o a_o cry_n for_o their_o liberty_n most_o of_o which_o be_v but_o a_o abatement_n of_o the_o rigour_n 51._o and_o a_o relaxation_n of_o the_o feudal_n tenor_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o charter_n itself_o the_o rest_n be_v only_a follower_n and_o help_v to_o augment_v the_o noise_n they_o be_v no_o lawmaker_n as_o you_o imagine_v for_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a that_o those_o man_n that_o have_v the_o force_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o their_o hand_n will_v permit_v man_n of_o so_o small_a reputation_n to_o share_v with_o they_o in_o law-making_a those_o that_o have_v the_o power_n of_o this_o and_o other_o nation_n de_fw-mi facto_fw-la always_o do_v give_v law_n and_o tax_v the_o people_n f._n suppose_v this_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v it_o to_o be_v a_o lawful_a common_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n i_o think_v i_o may_v still_o affirm_v that_o this_o charter_n be_v make_v not_o only_o by_o the_o king_n but_o by_o the_o bishop_n earls_z baron_n and_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o certain_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o it_o by_o draw_v it_o up_o into_o form_n and_o by_o accept_v it_o from_o the_o king_n when_o past_a under_o his_o seal_n as_o true_o as_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_n of_o king_n hen._n iii_o and_o edw._n i._o be_v call_v statute_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v to_o you_o or_o as_o much_o as_o the_o petition_n of_o right_o grant_v by_o king_n charles_n i._o be_v a_o statute_n though_o past_a under_o no_o other_o form_n nor_o be_v the_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la to_o who_o king_n john_n grant_v this_o charter_n no_o other_o than_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o you_o suppose_v since_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n ii_o this_o king_n father_n the_o word_n liberi_fw-la homo_fw-la be_v take_v in_o a_o much_o large_a sense_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o assize_n of_o arm_n ordain_v by_o this_o king_n as_o it_o be_v recite_v in_o hoveden_n history_n where_o after_o it_o be_v appoint_v what_o corcelet_n helmet_n and_o other_o arm_n every_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v find_v it_o immediate_o follow_v thus_o quicuncque_fw-la libre_fw-la laicus_fw-la habuerit_fw-la in_o catallo_fw-la vel_fw-la in_o redditu_fw-la ad_fw-la valentiam_fw-la 16._o marcarum_fw-la habeat_fw-la loricam_fw-la &_o cassidem_fw-la &_o clypeum_fw-la &_o lanceam_fw-la quicunque_fw-la libre_fw-la laicus_fw-la habuerit_fw-la in_o catello_n ad_fw-la valentiam_fw-la 10._o marcarum_fw-la habeas_fw-la habergellum_fw-la &_o capelet_n ferri_n &_o lanceam_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la burgenses_n &_o tota_fw-la communia_fw-la liberorum_fw-la hominum_fw-la habeant_fw-la wambais_n &_o capelet_n fervi_fw-la &_o lanceam_fw-la where_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o every_o freeman_n who_o be_v worth_a in_o rent_n or_o good_n to_o the_o value_n of_o 16_o mark_n be_v to_o find_v as_o much_o arm_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o he_o that_o possess_v a_o whole_a knight_n fee_n and_o the_o mean_a townsman_n and_o the_o whole_a commonalty_n of_o freemen_n for_o so_o i_o translate_v the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d libeâ—orum_fw-la hominum_fw-la be_v to_o find_v a_o caplet_n or_o head_n piece_n of_o iron_n beside_o
of_o coventry_n where_o by_o proceres_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o same_o order_n of_o man_n as_o by_o magnates_n &_o populus_fw-la in_o mat._n paris_n so_o that_o it_o be_v with_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n with_o who_o the_o king_n have_v this_o large_a or_o more_o diffusive_a treaty_n as_o this_o author_n word_n it_o f._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v now_o put_v a_o very_a fair_a gloss_n upon_o these_o place_n i_o have_v now_o make_v use_n of_o but_o it_o be_v a_o hundred_o pity_n that_o such_o a_o fine_a hypothesis_n shall_v have_v no_o better_a proof_n than_o your_o bare_a surmise_n to_o support_v it_o for_o that_o be_v all_o the_o authority_n that_o i_o can_v see_v you_o bring_v for_o your_o sense_n of_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la for_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o not_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n but_o i_o see_v no_o good_a authority_n as_o yet_o bring_v by_o you_o to_o prove_v it_o except_o that_o clause_n in_o king_n john_n charter_n which_o if_o as_o i_o have_v late_o show_v you_o it_o will_v beat_v a_o quite_o different_a interpretation_n all_o that_o you_o have_v say_v upon_o that_o head_n will_v signify_v nothing_o therefore_o as_o for_o the_o main_a argument_n you_o raise_v from_o the_o word_n infinita_fw-la multitudo_fw-la nobiâ—ium_fw-la in_o mat._n paris_n that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v the_o knight_n of_o shire_n together_o with_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n because_o they_o can_v not_o be_v such_o a_o infinite_a multitude_n as_o this_o author_n here_o mention_n to_o have_v i_o at_o london_n as_o also_o because_o of_o the_o shortness_n of_o the_o time_n of_o the_o summons_n if_o these_o be_v material_a objection_n against_o our_o opinion_n so_o it_o will_v be_v likewise_o against_o you_o for_o how_o can_v this_o be_v a_o great_a council_n according_a to_o king_n john_n charter_n which_o express_o provide_v for_o forty_o day_n summon_v for_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o come_v to_o this_o assembly_n and_o if_o so_o be_v this_o usage_n be_v break_v at_o this_o time_n upon_o some_o urgent_a occasion_n in_o respect_n of_o they_o it_o may_v be_v so_o also_o as_o to_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n may_v be_v choose_v at_o the_o next_o country-court_n and_o their_o name_n return_v immediate_o before_o or_o together_o with_o their_o meeting_n at_o london_n and_o as_o to_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n it_o be_v yet_o more_o easy_a for_o they_o to_o be_v choose_v and_o return_v in_o three_o week_n time_n since_o every_o body_n know_v the_o city_n may_v have_v call_v common_a council_n and_o the_o town_n and_o burrough_n by_o the_o notice_n of_o their_o proper_a officer_n to_o who_o the_o writ_n be_v deliver_v may_v have_v assemble_v at_o their_o common_a hall_n or_o town-house_n immediate_o upon_o the_o receipt_n of_o the_o writ_n and_o these_o together_o with_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n join_v with_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la make_v up_o the_o infinita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la mention_v by_o mat._n paria_fw-la but_o your_o main_a objection_n i_o confess_v be_v behind_o how_o these_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o here_o call_v infinita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la can_v be_v the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n who_o number_n can_v not_o be_v at_o that_o time_n above_o 500_o person_n as_o for_o this_o pray_v consider_v if_o the_o difficulty_n will_v not_o bear_v as_o hard_o upon_o you_o for_o if_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la make_v such_o a_o vaft_n multitude_n all_o those_o difficulty_n will_v arise_v that_o you_o press_v i_o with_o upon_o my_o hypothesis_n of_o the_o meeting_n of_o all_o the_o chief_a freeholders_n or_o lord_n of_o manor_n in_o england_n in_o parliament_n before_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v introduce_v in_o the_o room_n of_o they_o viz._n how_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n to_o debate_v vote_n or_o do_v any_o business_n and_o what_o room_n or_o church_n be_v able_a to_o hold_v so_o many_o and_o the_o like_a so_o that_o grant_v all_o your_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o have_v but_o one_o knight_n fee_n apiece_o to_o have_v meet_v there_o these_o may_v have_v make_v a_o body_n of_o 5_o or_o 5000_o man_n which_o how_o they_o can_v have_v be_v manage_v any_o better_a than_o 20000_o or_o 30000_o which_o will_v have_v more_o then_o take_v in_o all_o their_o feudatary_a tenant_n too_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v resolve_v i_o if_o you_o can_v so_o that_o at_o last_o upon_o your_o own_o hypothesis_n this_o populus_fw-la consist_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v as_o much_o commoner_n as_o the_o knight_n oâ—_n shire_n at_o this_o day_n for_o as_o for_o the_o word_n nobilium_fw-la i_o have_v already_o prove_v and_o you_o must_v needs_o here_o grant_v it_o that_o it_o take_v in_o the_o inferior_a nobility_n or_o gentry_n under_o the_o degree_n of_o lord_n as_o well_o as_o the_o superior_a and_o if_o so_o why_o not_o all_o the_o considerable_a measu_fw-la tenant_n of_o those_o tenant_n so_o that_o you_o have_v hitherto_o bring_v no_o proof_n but_o your_o bare_a assertion_n that_o under_o this_o infinita_fw-la multitudo_fw-la nobilium_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la must_v be_v understand_v only_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la since_o either_o this_o author_n speak_v hyperbolical_o or_o else_o all_o the_o chief_a gentry_n of_o england_n of_o whatsoever_o tenure_n may_v have_v appear_v at_o this_o great_a and_o extraordinary_a assembly_n so_o that_o you_o be_v under_o this_o dilemma_n either_o this_o curia_fw-la which_o you_o confess_v meet_v ex_fw-la more_fw-it be_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o it_o be_v not_o if_o it_o be_v not_o then_o there_o be_v some_o other_o great_a council_n beside_o that_o but_o if_o it_o be_v than_o it_o will_v plain_o follow_v though_o you_o do_v all_o you_o can_v to_o mince_v the_o matter_n that_o this_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o parliament_n meet_v of_o course_n by_o ancient_a custom_n three_o time_n in_o the_o year_n without_o any_o summons_n at_o all_o from_o the_o king_n which_o if_o i_o shall_v have_v affirm_v you_o will_v have_v call_v it_o a_o commonwealth_n notion_n since_o nothing_o can_v be_v a_o great_a proof_n that_o this_o assembly_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n in_o parliament_n do_v not_o upon_o your_o hypothesis_n immediate_o depend_v on_o the_o king_n writ_n of_o summons_n for_o their_o assemble_v and_o act_v when_o meet_v m._n well_o since_o you_o can_v bring_v no_o direct_a proof_n that_o these_o be_v any_o other_o beside_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o meet_v at_o this_o great_a council_n i_o have_v still_o more_o reason_n to_o suppose_v they_o to_o have_v be_v so_o than_o you_o can_v do_v for_o the_o conorary_a opinion_n therefore_o pray_v give_v i_o if_o you_o can_v some_o clear_a and_o late_a proof_n for_o this_o difference_n between_o the_o two_o council_n f._n i_o shall_v comply_v with_o your_o desire_n and_o in_o order_n to_o it_o shall_v conclude_v with_o two_o or_o three_o of_o those_o very_a authority_n the_o doctor_n have_v give_v we_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n where_o he_o give_v we_o this_o passage_n out_o of_o mat._n paris_n in_o the_o 2â—â—th_n of_o hen._n 3._o which_o plain_o prove_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la not_o to_o have_v be_v the_o common_a university_n 1244_o or_o sole_a rep._n esentative_a of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n â—_o pray_v read_v it_o eâ—â—â—_n in_o anno_fw-la convenerunt_fw-la regis_fw-la summonitione_fw-la convocati_fw-la londinum_n magnates_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la arciâ—pisâ—ori_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n in_o quo_fw-la concilio_n portis_fw-la rex_fw-la oâ—e_fw-la proprio_fw-la in_o presentia_fw-la magnatum_fw-la i._n e._n of_o all_o the_o party_n above_o mention_v in_o refectorio_fw-la westmonasteriensi_fw-la axilium_fw-la sieri_fw-la pecuniare_fw-la cui_fw-la fuit_fw-la responsum_fw-la quâ—d_fw-la super_fw-la â—oc_fw-la tractarent_fw-la â—recedentesque_fw-la magnates_fw-la de_fw-fr râ—fectorio_n convenerunt_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la â—â—_o episcopi_fw-la abbates_n &_o priores_fw-la seorsim_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la superque_fw-la hoc_fw-la diligenter_fw-la tractaturi_fw-la â—andâ—m_fw-la requisiti_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la eorum_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n si_fw-la vellent_fw-la illis_fw-la unanimiter_fw-la conâ—entire_fw-la in_o responsione_n &_o previsione_n super_fw-la hiâ—_n facienda_fw-la qui_fw-la responderunt_fw-la scâ—licet_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n quod_fw-la sine_fw-la communi_fw-la universitate_fw-la nihil_fw-la facerent_fw-la ture_fw-fr de_fw-fr communi_fw-la dissâ—nsu_fw-la electi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la ex_fw-la parie_fw-la cleri_fw-la electus_n cant._n etc._n etc._n now_o i_o think_v here_o be_v as_o manifest_v a_o distinction_n as_o need_v to_o be_v between_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o 208._o as_o member_n
of_o the_o great_a council_n and_o the_o common_a university_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n for_o it_o be_v obvious_a that_o when_o all_o the_o lay_v lord_n earl_n and_o baron_n to_o who_o you_o may_v also_o add_v your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la if_o you_o please_v be_v meet_v together_o be_v ask_v by_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n then_o present_a whether_o they_o will_v agree_v with_o they_o or_o not_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n answer_v for_o themselves_o that_o they_o will_v do_v nothing_o without_o the_o common_a university_n which_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v only_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la since_o it_o be_v plain_a they_o be_v now_o all_o here_o and_o refer_v themselves_o to_o another_o distinct_a order_n of_o man_n different_z from_o themselves_o who_o be_v not_o there_o present_a as_o also_o from_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n who_o demand_v there_o consent_n to_o what_o they_o have_v agree_v upon_o now_o if_o the_o temporal_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v concur_v here_o have_v be_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o common_a university_n of_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o beside_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o these_o there_o be_v notwistanding_n it_o seem_v require_v the_o consent_n of_o another_o body_n of_o man_n call_v here_o the_o communis_fw-la vniversitas_fw-la by_o which_o must_v be_v mean_v the_o commons_o or_o no_o body_n since_o otherwise_o they_o may_v have_v all_o agree_v together_o without_o any_o more_o ado_n m._n i_o confess_v this_o story_n out_o of_o mat._n paris_n look_v somewhat_o plausible_a at_o the_o first_o on_o your_o side_n but_o i_o doubt_v not_o if_o it_o be_v better_o consider_v it_o will_v do_v you_o little_a service_n for_o what_o if_o by_o this_o common_a university_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o not_o â—itting_v with_o the_o lord_n at_o that_o time_n they_o will_v do_v nothing_o without_o their_o consent_n till_o it_o be_v propose_v to_o they_o but_o that_o they_o do_v afterward_o all_o agree_v pray_v read_v the_o rest_n of_o this_o narration_n and_o it_o will_v make_v it_o clear_a enough_o that_o this_o common_a university_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v also_o agree_v with_o the_o lord_n bishop_n and_o abbot_n the_o word_n immediate_o follow_v in_o mat._n paris_n be_v these_o tunc_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la assensu_fw-la electi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la cleri_fw-la blectus_fw-la cantuariensis_n wintoniensis_fw-la lincolniensis_fw-la &_o wigoriensis_fw-la episcopi_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la laicorum_fw-la richardus_fw-la comes_fw-la frater_fw-la domini_fw-la regâ—â—_n come_v bigod_n come_v legr_n s._n de_fw-fr monteforti_fw-la &_o come_v maresâ—ballus_n ex_fw-la parte_fw-la vero_fw-la baronum_fw-la richardus_fw-la de_fw-la montfiâ—hes_n &_o johannes_n de_fw-fr balliol_n &_o de_fw-fr sancto_n edmundo_n &_o rameseit_v abbate_n ut_fw-la quod_fw-la isli_fw-la duodecim_fw-la providerâ—nt_fw-la in_o communi_fw-la recitaretur_fw-la nec_fw-la aliqua_fw-la forma_fw-la domino_fw-la regi_fw-la ostenderetur_fw-la authoritate_fw-la duodecim_fw-la nisi_fw-la omnium_fw-la communis_fw-la assensus_fw-la interveniret_fw-la from_o which_o last_o passage_n it_o appear_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o in_o this_o parliament_n the_o several_a order_n of_o man_n that_o be_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o it_o be_v only_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o baron_n and_o that_o all_o these_o put_v together_o be_v term_v the_o common_a university_n which_o be_v more_o comprehensive_a than_o university_n simple_o take_v now_o if_o the_o commons_o as_o at_o this_o day_n represent_v have_v be_v there_o we_o must_v have_v have_v some_o mention_n of_o they_o one_o way_n or_o other_o as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o committee_n of_o the_o other_o order_n which_o make_v up_o the_o general_a committee_n of_o twelve_o so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a beyond_o doubt_n that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o part_v of_o the_o common_a university_n f._n then_o pray_v tell_v i_o who_o they_o be_v for_o the_o historian_n tell_v that_o when_o all_o these_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n have_v now_o meet_v together_o with_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n yet_o these_o last_o â—ell_v they_o that_o without_o the_o common_a university_n they_o can_v do_v nothing_o which_o have_v be_v nonsense_n if_o as_o your_o doctor_n suppose_v the_o whole_a university_n or_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v be_v all_o present_a m._n i_o must_v confess_v this_o be_v a_o material_a objection_n but_o what_o if_o to_o help_v he_o out_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o that_o by_o the_o common_a university_n here_o mention_v be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o body_n of_o the_o inferior_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la under_o the_o degree_n of_o baron_n and_o this_o common_a university_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v not_o have_v be_v present_a and_o sit_v with_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n at_o that_o time_n when_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n make_v this_o proposal_n therefore_o the_o lord_n may_v very_o well_o answer_v that_o till_o they_o have_v consult_v the_o common_a universty_a or_o body_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la they_o can_v do_v nothing_o and_o though_o this_o body_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v not_o then_o actual_o sit_v with_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o they_o make_v a_o distinct_a estate_n by_o themselves_o different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o lord_n or_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o then_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n etc._n etc._n who_o be_v here_o express_o say_v to_o have_v consult_v by_o themselves_o must_v have_v do_v so_o likewise_o therefore_o though_o our_o author_n be_v not_o so_o particular_a as_o he_o may_v have_v be_v yet_o certain_o this_o common_a university_n be_v thereupon_o consult_v and_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o the_o choice_n of_o this_o committee_n of_o twelve_o who_o be_v to_o draw_v up_o their_o answer_n to_o the_o king_n for_o the_o word_n be_v tunc_fw-la ex_fw-la communi_fw-la assensu_fw-la electi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la which_o seem_v to_o refer_v to_o the_o common_a university_n or_o body_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o the_o lord_n excuse_v as_o well_o as_o the_o election_n of_o these_o person_n by_o the_o bishop_n earls_z etc._n etc._n have_v be_v very_o insignificant_a f._n this_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v a_o precarious_a assertion_n and_o without_o any_o due_a proof_n for_o though_o the_o word_n be_v tunc_fw-la ex_fw-la communi_fw-la assensu_fw-la yet_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n whether_o these_o word_n do_v refer_v to_o the_o common_a university_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n or_o not_o for_o yourself_o confess_v that_o mat._n paris_n be_v short_a in_o this_o point_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o seem_v most_o likely_a to_o i_o by_o this_o material_a circumstance_n that_o not_o one_o person_n of_o the_o twelve_o but_o be_v either_o a_o bishop_n earl_n or_o great_a baron_n for_o that_o richard_n de_fw-fr monâ—sichet_n and_o john_n de_fw-fr baliot_n be_v so_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n have_v prove_v in_o his_o baronage_n of_o england_n 1._o whereas_o if_o the_o university_n or_o body_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v join_v in_o this_o election_n it_o be_v not_o likely_a but_o they_o will_v have_v choose_v some_o of_o their_o own_o body_n to_o represent_v they_o in_o this_o committee_n who_o be_v not_o earl_n or_o baron_n since_o yourself_o must_v confess_v that_o they_o then_o be_v a_o great_a body_n of_o man_n who_o be_v not_o lord_n nor_o do_v at_o this_o time_n sit_v or_o act_n joint_o with_o the_o lord_n or_o great_a baron_n in_o this_o assembly_n and_o likewise_o it_o far_a seem_v high_o probable_a that_o this_o common_a university_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la take_v it_o in_o your_o sense_n do_v not_o give_v any_o resolution_n in_o this_o matter_n since_o we_o do_v not_o find_v any_o money_n give_v in_o answer_n to_o the_o king_n request_n but_o only_a complaint_n of_o and_o order_n about_o redress_v of_o grievance_n which_o be_v in_o those_o day_n often_o do_v in_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o now_o by_o some_o other_o record_n which_o the_o dr._n himself_o have_v make_v use_n of_o 197._o that_o there_o often_o be_v a_o distinct_a assembly_n or_o council_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o commons_o or_o commonalty_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n 10._o the_o first_o record_n be_v to_o be_v find_v among_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o the_o 42._o hen._n iii_o beginning_n thus_o rex_fw-la omnibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n cum_fw-la negotiis_fw-la nostris_fw-la arduis_fw-la nos_fw-la &_o râ—gnum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la contingentibus_fw-la proceres_fw-la &_o fideles_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la ad_fw-la nos_fw-la london_n in_o quindena_fw-la paschae_fw-la proximae_fw-la praeterita_fw-la faceremus_fw-la convocari_fw-la &_o
communitate_fw-la regni_fw-la can_v mean_v as_o you_o will_v have_v they_o viz._n that_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v grant_v it_o for_o themselves_o and_o the_o community_n of_o their_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n only_o who_o say_v you_o represent_v the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o then_o as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v this_o need_v not_o to_o have_v be_v grant_v in_o parliament_n at_o all_o but_o at_o this_o rate_n no_o tenant_n of_o those_o abbey_n and_o monastery_n which_o be_v a_o great_a many_o who_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la will_v have_v pay_v any_o thing_n to_o this_o tax_n nor_o yet_o the_o king_n tenant_n who_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la but_o of_o some_o castle_n or_o honour_n nor_o last_o any_o tenant_n in_o socage_n who_o be_v very_o numerous_a in_o kent_n as_o well_o as_o in_o other_o county_n as_o mr._n taylour_n prove_v in_o his_o history_n of_o gauâ—l-kâ—nd_a so_o that_o if_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o other_o under_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n have_v be_v then_o the_o community_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n this_o community_n have_v not_o consist_v of_o above_o one_o half_a or_o at_o most_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o in_o my_o sense_n of_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la here_o will_v be_v no_o difficulty_n at_o all_o for_o these_o magnate_v mention_v in_o this_o record_n be_v take_v as_o i_o have_v proveâ—_n they_o often_o be_v for_o knight_n of_o shire_n than_o these_o word_n be_v thus_o to_o be_v understand_v viz._n that_o all_o the_o party_n mention_v in_o this_o record_n give_v for_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n consist_v of_o all_o the_o free_a holder_n of_o england_n who_o all_o contribute_v to_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o king_n daughter_n according_a to_o their_o respective_a estate_n and_o though_o the_o sense_n of_o this_o word_n have_v be_v otherwise_o in_o this_o place_n yet_o it_o will_v not_o have_v contradict_v my_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la which_o i_o do_v not_o aver_v always_o to_o signify_v the_o commons_o but_o when_o it_o come_v immediate_o after_o the_o word_n comites_fw-la &_o barones_n as_o it_o do_v not_o in_o this_o record_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v m._n but_o pray_v tell_v i_o how_o this_o can_v be_v since_o the_o record_n say_v express_o that_o this_o aid_n be_v to_o be_v raise_v by_o 40_o s._n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n which_o can_v only_o extend_v to_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n nor_o can_v this_o word_n communitas_fw-la here_o signify_v the_o commons_o as_o now_o understand_v since_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v not_o at_o all_o mention_v who_o you_o know_v do_v at_o this_o day_n make_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n f._n this_o proceed_v from_o your_o not_o know_v or_o else_o not_o consider_v the_o ancient_a manner_n of_o reckon_a estate_n and_o consequent_o of_o tax_v by_o knight_n fee_n not_o only_o land_n hold_v by_o military_a but_o socage_n tenure_n also_o faciendis_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o those_o writ_n of_o the_o 24_o and_o 26_o of_o hen._n iii_o as_o they_o be_v still_o upon_o the_o close_a roll_n be_v both_o almost_o the_o same_o word_n for_o word_n which_o i_o give_v you_o at_o our_o last_o meeting_n yet_o since_o you_o may_v have_v forget_v they_o pray_v read_v they_o again_o rex_fw-la vicecomiti_a northampton_n saluâ—em_v praecipimus_fw-la tibi_fw-la quod_fw-la per_fw-la totam_fw-la ballivam_fw-la etiam_fw-la in_o singulis_fw-la bonis_fw-la villis_fw-la &_o similiter_fw-la in_o pleno_fw-la comitatu_fw-la tuo_fw-la clamari_fw-la faâ—ies_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la illi_fw-la de_fw-la comitatu_fw-la tuo_fw-la qui_fw-la tenent_fw-la feodum_fw-la militis_fw-la integrum_fw-la vel_fw-la etiam_fw-la minus_fw-la quam_fw-la feodum_fw-la integrum_fw-la dum_fw-la tamen_fw-la de_fw-it tenemento_fw-it svo_fw-la tam_fw-la militari_fw-la quam_fw-la socagio_fw-it possint_fw-la sistentari_fw-la &_o milites_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la siâ—ut_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sus_fw-la diligunt_fw-la citra_fw-la festum_fw-la omnium_fw-la sanctorum_fw-la anno._n regni_n nostr_n xxv_o arma_fw-la capiant_fw-la &_o se_fw-la milites_fw-la â—iâ—ri_fw-la faciant_fw-la where_o you_o may_v note_n that_o all_o man_n who_o hold_v the_o value_n of_o a_o knight_n fee_n either_o by_o military_a or_o socage_n tenure_n be_v liable_a to_o be_v make_v knight_n provide_v they_o can_v maintain_v themselves_o of_o their_o estate_n which_o can_v never_o have_v be_v have_v not_o the_o custom_n of_o reckon_a and_o tax_v estate_n of_o all_o sort_n as_o well_o by_o knight_n service_n as_o otherwise_o according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o so_o many_o knight_n fee_n that_o be_v at_o 20â—_n per_fw-la an._n be_v then_o common_o use_v but_o as_o for_o your_o next_o objection_n that_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v not_o mention_v in_o this_o record_n and_o so_o can_v not_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la this_o prove_v no_o more_o than_o that_o which_o will_v easy_o be_v grant_v you_o that_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la use_v in_o your_o record_n be_v there_o to_o be_v understand_v restrictive_o and_o according_a to_o the_o subject_a matter_n viz._n the_o community_n of_o freeholders_n or_o land-holders_n of_o the_o who_o kingdom_n only_o since_o this_o tax_n be_v whole_o upon_o land_n the_o commons_o of_o city_n and_o burrough_n then_o call_v communitates_fw-la civitatum_fw-la &_o buâ—gorum_n who_o estate_n lay_v in_o money_n or_o good_n can_v not_o be_v tax_v by_o knight_n fee_n nor_o do_v i_o doubt_v but_o that_o if_o we_o have_v the_o record_n of_o that_o parliament_n of_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n now_o leave_v we_o which_o be_v lose_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o they_o also_o contribute_v to_o this_o tax_n according_a to_o their_o estate_n as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o 34th_o year_n of_o this_o king_n to_o make_v the_o king_n be_v elder_a son_n a_o knight_n as_o for_o your_o record_n of_o the_o 20_o of_o edw._n iii_o it_o be_v but_o the_o same_o in_o effect_n with_o this_o of_o the_o 30_o of_o edw._n i._n and_o the_o same_o answer_n will_v serve_v for_o both_o only_o i_o can_v but_o observe_v that_o whereas_o you_o have_v often_o assert_v that_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la do_v only_o signify_v the_o community_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la now_o you_o fall_v a_o peg_n low_a and_o it_o must_v at_o last_o take_v in_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n whether_o in_o capite_fw-la or_o not_o m._n well_o then_o you_o gâ—ant_v that_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la do_v not_o always_o signify_v all_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o far_o that_o it_o must_v mean_v the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n only_o pâ—ay_o see_v this_o very_a record_n of_o the_o 34th_o of_o edw._n i._n which_o mr._n p._n have_v give_v we_o at_o large_a in_o his_o appendix_n 173._o which_o be_v long_o i_o shaâ—l_v trouble_v you_o with_o no_o more_o than_o what_o make_v to_o our_o present_a purpose_n viz._n that_o the_o king_n intend_v to_o make_v his_o son_n prince_z edward_z a_o knight_n summon_v the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o great_a man_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o appoint_v what_o aid_n they_o will_v grant_v the_o king_n towards_o it_o and_o than_o it_o follow_v thus_o that_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o as_o also_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n being_n mer_o treat_v together_o with_o deliberation_n upon_o this_o matter_n consider_v that_o a_o aid_n be_v due_a to_o make_v his_o son_n a_o knight_n beside_o the_o burden_n that_o lie_v upon_o they_o king_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o scotch_a war_n at_o lengh_n they_o unanimous_o domino_fw-la regni_fw-la concâ—ssâ—runt_fw-la pâ—o_fw-la sâ—_n &_o â—â—tâ_fw-la communitate_fw-la râ—gni_fw-la â—ricesimam_fw-la partem_fw-la omnium_fw-la bunâ—â—um_fw-la suorum_fw-la â—â—mporalium_fw-la mobilium_fw-la for_o make_v his_o son_n a_o knight_n and_o towards_o his_o expense_n of_o his_o war_n in_o scotland_n aâ—d_v then_o the_o cives_fw-la &_o â—u_n genses_fw-la civet_fw-la â—â—um_fw-la ac_fw-la burgorum_n â—c_z caeteri_fw-la de_fw-fr dominiâ—s_fw-la râ—gis_fw-la congregati_fw-la treat_v about_o the_o premise_n and_o consider_v the_o burden_n lie_v upon_o the_o king_n not_o mention_v any_o aid_n for_o make_v his_o â—on_n knight_n as_o not_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o knights-fee_n oâ—_n service_n and_o therefore_o none_o of_o the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o liable_a to_o it_o dâ—mino_fw-la râ—gâ—_n un_fw-fr inimitie_n ob_fw-la cauâ—as_fw-la supra_fw-la dictas_fw-la concâ—sserunt_fw-la vic._n simâ—m_fw-la pariem_fw-la bono_fw-mi 〈…〉_z mobilium_fw-la here_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o great_a man_n with_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n consult_v together_o and_o give_v for_o themselves_o and_o the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n a_o thirty_o part_n of_o their_o
praelatorum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la proborum_fw-la hominum_fw-la de_fw-la terra_fw-la pâ—tentium_fw-la quod_fw-la rex_fw-la concedere_fw-la veli_fw-la quod_fw-la ipsi_fw-la pâ—ssunt_fw-la taâ—â—iâ—re_fw-la antiqua_fw-la dominica_fw-la unde_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o tenantia_fw-la â—icut_fw-la râ—x_fw-la dominica_n sua_fw-la taliavit_fw-la itâ—_n responsum_o est_fw-fr fiat_fw-la ut_fw-la petitur_fw-la from_o all_o which_o you_o may_v plain_o see_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v ancient_o a_o prerogative_n of_o lay_v tax_n not_o only_o upon_o their_o own_o tenant_n and_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n who_o hold_v under_o they_o but_o upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n too_o and_o it_o their_o successor_n have_v act_v otherwise_o it_o have_v proceed_v from_o their_o meet_a grace_n and_o favour_n who_o have_v tie_v up_o their_o own_o hand_n from_o exercise_v this_o prerogative_n f._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v muster_v up_o a_o great_a many_o authority_n but_o for_o what_o end_n i_o know_v not_o unless_o it_o be_v to_o prove_v that_o some_o former_a king_n stretch_v their_o prerogative_n to_o act_v direct_o against_o law_n and_o their_o own_o charter_n to_o the_o contrary_a and_o to_o justify_v they_o in_o it_o when_o they_o have_v doâ—e_n as_o if_o all_o thing_n be_v do_v according_a to_o their_o lawful_a prerogative_n because_o they_o do_v it_o if_o this_o be_v law_n or_o reason_n either_o much_o good_a may_v do_v you_o with_o it_o for_o at_o this_o rate_n the_o king_n notwithstanding_o all_o law_n make_v and_o swear_v by_o he_o to_o the_o contrary_n may_v take_v what_o he_o please_v out_o of_o our_o estate_n without_o our_o consent_n because_o his_o predecessor_n break_v the_o law_n and_o their_o coronation_n oath_n into_o the_o bargain_n but_o you_o may_v have_v remember_v that_o a_o de_fw-fr fâ—cto_fw-la ad_fw-la jus_o non_fw-la datur_fw-la consequentia_fw-la but_o i_o doubt_v the_o precedent_n you_o have_v now_o bring_v will_v not_o come_v up_o to_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o assertion_n you_o have_v lay_v down_o for_o it_o be_v plain_a as_o well_o from_o king_n john_n charter_n as_o by_o that_o passage_n in_o bracton_n i_o but_o now_o cite_v whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o extraordinary_a tax_n such_o as_o hidage_n corage_n and_o carvage_a &_o alia_fw-la under_o which_o i_o suppose_v be_v include_v your_o scutage-tax_n also_o can_v not_o be_v impose_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n when_o the_o king_n meet_v his_o people_n in_o parliament_n if_o then_o this_o be_v law_n whatever_o k._n john_n oâ—_n henry_n the_o three_o or_o any_o other_o king_n act_v contrary_a to_o this_o rule_n be_v illegal_a and_o produce_v among_o other_o mischief_n the_o general_a revolt_n of_o all_o the_o baronage_n i._n e._n as_o well_o the_o inferior_a as_o superior_a nobility_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n till_o such_o time_n as_o our_o king_n find_v they_o can_v do_v no_o good_a by_o force_n be_v fain_o at_o last_o to_o content_v themselves_o with_o the_o legal_a prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o by_o new_a law_n and_o fresh_a declaration_n of_o the_o ancient_a law_n to_o declare_v it_o unlawful_a for_o they_o to_o impose_v any_o tax_n upon_o their_o subject_n without_o their_o consent_n in_o parliament_n but_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o that_o by_o thus_o set_v up_o the_o king_n illegal_a prerogative_n of_o tax_v the_o mesne_n tenant_n of_o their_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la you_o quit_v the_o question_n for_o i_o ask_v you_o by_o what_o right_a the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o you_o suppose_v can_v grant_v by_o this_o great_a charter_n a_o fifteen_o of_o the_o movable_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o well_o of_o those_o who_o do_v not_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o military_a service_n as_o of_o those_o that_o do_v nay_o of_o those_o who_o never_o hold_v of_o they_o at_o all_o and_o you_o then_o fly_v present_o to_o i_o know_v not_o what_o unknown_a royal_a prerogative_n of_o tax_v the_o mesne_n tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o pleasure_n which_o be_v either_o according_a to_o law_n or_o it_o be_v not_o if_o the_o former_a i_o have_v already_o prove_v he_o can_v not_o do_v it_o by_o law_n at_o all_o but_o if_o against_o law_n there_o be_v the_o like_a reason_n why_o he_o shall_v have_v have_v the_o like_a prerogative_n over_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la too_o even_o over_o the_o very_a bishop_n abbot_n and_o temporal_a lord_n and_o then_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v whether_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v not_o be_v long_o since_o destroy_v and_o give_v up_o but_o to_o examine_v your_o authority_n it_o be_v true_a hoveden_n say_v of_o richard_n the_o first_o that_o accepit_fw-la de_fw-la unaquaque_fw-la hida_n terrae_fw-la v._o solidos_fw-la yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o he_o take_v this_o tax_n without_o consent_n of_o his_o great_a council_n it_o be_v the_o ordinary_a phrase_n of_o writer_n in_o those_o time_n to_o say_v rex_fw-la accepit_fw-la i._n e._n receive_v such_o a_o tax_n when_o indeed_o he_o take_v nothing_o but_o what_o be_v give_v he_o by_o his_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o though_o we_o find_v this_o tax_n not_o mention_v in_o any_o other_o writer_n but_o only_o hoveden_n and_o so_o can_v give_v you_o a_o express_a proof_n that_o this_o tax_n be_v grant_v in_o a_o great_a council_n yet_o it_o be_v most_o likely_a nay_o certain_a it_o be_v for_o the_o word_n accepit_fw-la do_v not_o in_o its_o own_o nature_n import_v any_o violent_a or_o illegal_a exaction_n and_o therefore_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n it_o be_v great_a reason_n to_o suppose_v that_o this_o aid_n be_v grant_v by_o consent_n since_o this_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o in_o the_o relation_n of_o this_o affair_n that_o this_o money_n be_v receive_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o two_o lawful_a knight_n of_o each_o hundred_o and_o that_o they_o do_v answer_v this_o money_n to_o the_o exchequer_n coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la assignatis_fw-la who_o will_v never_o have_v undertake_v it_o have_v not_o this_o tax_n be_v grant_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o this_o king_n can_v not_o tax_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n at_o his_o pleasure_n may_v appear_v by_o a_o relation_n out_o of_o this_o very_a author_n in_o the_o very_a same_o year_n b._n but_o a_o little_a before_o viz._n that_o when_o the_o king_n demand_v by_o hubert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n that_o homines_fw-la angliae_fw-la the_o man_n of_o england_n shall_v find_v he_o 300_o milites_fw-la i._n e._n knight_n to_o stay_v one_o whole_a year_n in_o his_o service_n or_o else_o will_v give_v he_o so_o much_o money_n as_o that_o he_o may_v therewith_o maintain_v those_o 300_o knight_n in_o constant_a pay_n viz._n to_o every_o knight_n three_o shilling_n of_o english_a money_n wage_n a_o day_n and_o that_o to_o grant_v this_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v willing_a as_o not_o dare_v to_o resist_v the_o king_n will_n only_a hugh_n bishop_n of_o lincoln_n as_o a_o true_a servant_n of_o god_n abstain_v from_o all_o evil_n answer_v that_o he_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n agree_v to_o the_o king_n desire_n because_o it_o will_v redound_v to_o the_o detriment_n of_o his_o church_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o it_o seem_v the_o business_n fall_v and_o come_v to_o nothing_o now_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o this_o request_n must_v have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o at_o least_o in_o that_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o if_o he_o can_v not_o charge_v his_o subject_n with_o the_o keep_n but_o of_o 300_o horseman_n for_o one_o year_n without_o their_o assent_n can_v any_o body_n believe_v that_o he_o shall_v present_o after_o extort_v a_o much_o great_a sum_n viz._n five_o shilling_n out_o of_o every_o plow-land_n in_o england_n but_o as_o for_o all_o your_o precedant_n for_o king_n john_n reign_n he_o be_v such_o a_o notorious_a tyrant_n and_o breaker_n of_o his_o coronation_n oath_n and_o common_a faith_n both_o to_o god_n and_o man_n that_o i_o hope_v that_o neither_o yourself_o nor_o any_o good_a english_a man_n will_v have_v fetch_v precedent_n for_o prerogative_n from_o so_o prosâ—igate_v a_o reign_n as_o he_o and_o in_o which_o i_o grant_v there_o be_v more_o than_o once_o illegal_a exaction_n of_o this_o nature_n which_o yet_o be_v brand_v by_o those_o very_a historian_n that_o relate_v they_o for_o great_a oppression_n and_o unjust_a exaction_n oxford_n as_o particular_o in_o this_o first_o instance_n of_o out_o of_o mat._n paris_n of_o k._n john_n take_v away_o by_o force_n the_o seven_o of_o the_o movable_a good_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n which_o be_v by_o this_o author_n call_v by_o no_o better_a than_o rapinam_fw-la rapine_n or_o robbery_n the_o same_o i_o may_v say_v
he_o and_o tax_v he_o as_o he_o please_v then_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n the_o king_n as_o supreme_a lord_n over_o all_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v have_v have_v the_o like_a power_n over_o they_o of_o make_v what_o law_n for_o they_o and_o impose_v what_o tax_n he_o please_v upon_o they_o without_o their_o consent_n and_o so_o there_o will_v have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n at_o all_o since_o upon_o your_o hypothesis_n the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v the_o only_a person_n that_o have_v any_o right_a to_o appear_v there_o but_o if_o neither_o the_o wardship_n marriage_n nor_o relief_n of_o the_o heir_n can_v give_v the_o king_n such_o a_o power_n over_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la much_o less_o can_v they_o attain_v the_o like_a right_n over_o all_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n for_o that_o will_v have_v give_v they_o a_o great_a power_n over_o their_o tenant_n then_o the_o king_n himself_o have_v over_o they_o therefore_o if_o those_o great_a tie_v of_o wardship_n marriage_n and_o relief_n of_o the_o heir_n can_v neither_o give_v the_o king_n nor_o yet_o any_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la power_n over_o the_o estate_n or_o liberty_n of_o his_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n much_o less_o over_o their_o tenant_n by_o socage_n tenure_n who_o be_v not_o under_o this_o subjection_n and_o far_o if_o a_o right_a of_o forfeiture_n alone_o in_o some_o case_n can_v have_v give_v the_o lord_n a_o power_n of_o make_v law_n and_o grant_v tax_n for_o his_o tenant_n in_o socage_n than_o they_o shall_v have_v keep_v that_o right_n by_o this_o rule_n since_o all_o lord_n have_v a_o right_a of_o forfeiture_n even_o upon_o their_o tenant_n in_o socage_n in_o some_o case_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o take_v away_o knight_n service_n and_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n and_o livery_n in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o as_o i_o can_v prove_v be_v it_o worth_a while_n as_o to_o scotland_n i_o shall_v not_o deny_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o be_v as_o you_o say_v that_o it_o have_v at_o this_o day_n no_o other_o representative_n in_o their_o parliament_n but_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la yet_o whether_o it_o be_v so_o or_o not_o ancient_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n since_o i_o find_v the_o very_a same_o word_n and_o phrase_n make_v use_v of_o in_o the_o title_n of_o their_o old_a statute_n as_o also_o in_o their_o record_n to_o express_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o that_o kingdom_n as_o be_v use_v in_o england_n to_o express_v those_o of_o england_n at_o the_o same_o time_n for_o proof_n of_o which_o dunferling_n pray_v see_v the_o old_a charter_n of_o king_n malcolm_n iii_o and_o david_n i._o as_o you_o may_v find_v they_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o 2d_o vol._n in_o mr._n dugdales_n monâ—st_n angliâ—_n and_o you_o will_v see_v the_o former_a to_o have_v be_v make_v by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o comites_fw-la &_o barones_n regni_n clero_fw-la adquie_n cent_n que_fw-fr populo_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o as_o i_o shall_v also_o show_v you_o from_o sir_n john_n skin_n collection_n of_o scotish_n law_n to_o begin_v with_o the_o most_o ancient_a there_o extant_a 7._o viz._n a_o assize_n or_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n william_n sir_n named_z the_o lion_n who_o begin_v his_o reign_n anno._n dom._n 1105._o in_o the_o five_o of_o our_o hen._n i._n to_o the_o observance_n whereof_o it_o be_v there_o express_v that_o the_o epiâ—copi_n abbates_n comites_fw-la barones_n thani_n &_o tota_fw-la communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la tenere_fw-la firmiter_fw-la juraverunt_fw-la so_o likewise_o king_n alexander_n ii_o who_o begin_v to_o reign_v anno._n 1214._o which_o be_v the_o sixteen_o year_n of_o our_o king_n john_n 2._o and_o he_o make_v his_o law_n de_fw-fr confilio_fw-la &_o assensu_fw-la venerabilium_fw-la patrum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbâ—tum_fw-la baronum_fw-la ac_fw-la proborum_fw-la hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la scotiae_fw-la and_o who_o these_o be_v may_v also_o far_o appear_v by_o the_o begin_n of_o certain_a statute_n make_v by_o the_o say_a king_n alexander_n in_o the_o same_o year_n which_o begin_v thus_o statuit_fw-la rex_fw-la per_fw-la consilium_fw-la &_o assensum_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la suae_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o shall_v next_o produce_v the_o title_n of_o a_o parliament_n hold_v the_o 13_o of_o rob._n i._n who_o begin_v his_o reign_n anno._n dom._n 1306._o the_o 3d._n of_o our_o edward_n i._o 29._o in_o dei_fw-la nomine_fw-la amen_o roberâ—us_fw-la dei_fw-la gratia_n rex_fw-la scotorum_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la svo_fw-la decimo_fw-la tertio_fw-la die_v dominica_n proxima_fw-la etc._n etc._n habito_fw-la solenni_fw-la tractatiâ—_n cum_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la de_fw-la communitate_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la ibidem_fw-la congregatis_fw-la and_o which_o title_n conclude_v thus_o de_fw-fr communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o exprâ—sso_fw-la conâ—ensu_fw-la omnium_fw-la prelatorum_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tenentium_fw-la predictorum_fw-la ac_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la predicte_n ordinavit_fw-la condidit_fw-la etc._n etc._n statuta_fw-la infra_fw-la scripta_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o likewise_o in_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n call_v scoto-chronicon_a former_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o right_n learned_a and_o honourable_a arthur_n earl_n of_o anglesey_n and_o now_o in_o the_o herald_n office_n you_o will_v find_v the_o entail_v of_o the_o crown_n of_o scotland_n to_o have_v be_v make_v by_o this_o king_n robert_n anno._n dom._n 1315._o in_o a_o general_a council_n or_o assembly_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o scotland_n as_o well_o clergy_n as_o laity_n which_o as_o this_o author_n tell_v we_o who_o live_v within_o sixty_o year_n after_o be_v hold_v 24._o dominica_n proxima_fw-la ante_fw-la festum_fw-la apostolorum_fw-la congregati_fw-la apud_fw-la aere_fw-la in_o ecclesia_fw-la parochiali_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la laici_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la archidiaconi_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la diaceni_fw-la &_o caeteri_fw-la ecclesiarum_fw-la praelati_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la &_o caeteri_fw-la de_fw-la communitate_fw-la regni_fw-la scotiae_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la laici_fw-la etc._n etc._n from_o which_o it_o be_v apparent_a there_o be_v a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o in_o england_n more_o comprehensive_a than_o that_o of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o and_o that_o our_o english_a record_n also_o agree_v with_o these_o scotch_a statute_n you_o may_v see_v by_o 2_o record_n which_o mr._n pryn_n have_v give_v we_o in_o his_o history_n of_o papal_a usurpation_n out_o of_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o 17_o of_o edw._n i._n it_o be_v a_o letter_n to_o eric_n king_n of_o norway_n 4._o concern_v the_o marriage_n of_o his_o son_n edward_n with_o his_o granddaughter_n then_o heiress_n of_o scotland_n and_o norway_n recite_v that_o the_o custodes_fw-la scil._n regni_fw-la scotlae_fw-la magnates_fw-la praelati_fw-la ac_fw-la tota_fw-la communitas_fw-la predicti_fw-la regni_fw-la scotiae_fw-la unanimi_fw-la &_o expresso_fw-la consensu_fw-la have_v agree_v to_o the_o say_a marriage_n so_o likewise_o in_o another_o letter_n of_o this_o king_n edward_n about_o the_o same_o marriage_n â—_o he_o declare_v that_o he_o have_v by_o his_o procurator_n therein_o name_v treat_v and_o agree_v with_o the_o custodibus_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la communitate_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o it_o present_o follow_v ac_fw-la praedicti_fw-la nobiles_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la scotiae_fw-la praedicti_fw-la now_o who_o can_v this_o word_n communitas_fw-la signify_v put_v here_o distinct_a from_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o noble_n but_o the_o commons_o of_o that_o kingdom_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o 14_o year_n of_o king_n robert_n i._o there_o be_v a_o letter_n send_v from_o the_o parliament_n of_o scotland_n to_o the_o pope_n 1320._o complain_v against_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o manuscript_n and_o be_v also_o print_v by_o dr._n burnet_n 10._o in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o reformation_n and_o by_o which_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o the_o comites_fw-la barones_n libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la communitas_fw-la scotiae_fw-la agree_v to_o this_o letter_n and_o that_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n town_n be_v at_o that_o time_n part_n of_o this_o communitas_fw-la appear_v by_o the_o league_n make_v between_o this_o king_n robert_n and_o the_o king_n of_o france_n in_o the_o 28_o year_n of_o our_o edw._n i._n which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o a_o roll_n of_o this_o year_n 83._o still_o extant_a in_o the_o tower_n which_o league_n be_v ratify_v and_o confirm_v in_o their_o parliament_n by_o king_n john_n de_fw-fr bayliol_n ac_fw-la praelatos_fw-la &_o nobiles_fw-la vniversitates_fw-la &_o communitates_fw-la civitatum_fw-la &_o villarum_fw-la praedicti_fw-la regni_fw-la scotiae_fw-la and_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o deny_v that_o in_o scotland_n the_o city_n
whole_a nation_n in_o parliament_n and_o i_o be_o of_o this_o opinion_n because_o in_o many_o of_o the_o old_a statute_n before_o the_o time_n of_o robert_n the_o 2_o d._n we_o find_v the_o communitas_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la come_v immediate_o after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o in_o our_o own_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n but_o after_o those_o reign_v we_o find_v no_o more_o mention_n of_o this_o communitas_fw-la but_o only_o of_o the_o duke_n earls_z baron_n liberi_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la &_o burgensibus_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la as_o in_o the_o title_n to_o those_o statute_n of_o k._n robert_n the_o 3_o d_o and_o james_n the_o 5_o the_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v and_o yet_o that_o libre_fw-la tenens_fw-la be_v not_o ancient_o take_v for_o a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o pray_v see_v the_o 14_o the_o chap._n of_o the_o law_n of_o k._n alexander_n the_o 2_o d._n make_v anno_fw-la dom._n 1214._o with_o your_o doctor_n comment_n upon_o they_o statutum_n est_fw-la quod_fw-la nec_fw-la episcopi_fw-la nec_fw-la abbates_n nec_fw-la comites_fw-la nec_fw-la aliqui_fw-la liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la tenebunt_fw-la curias_fw-la svas_fw-la nisi_fw-la vicecome_fw-la regis_fw-la 98._o vel_fw-la servientes_fw-la vicecomitis_fw-la ibidem_fw-la fuerant_fw-la upon_o which_o word_n the_o doctor_n in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n have_v this_o remark_n viz._n this_o again_o show_v we_o that_o the_o freeholder_n be_v lord_n of_o manor_n at_o least_o so_o that_o unless_o you_o will_v suppose_v that_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v lord_n of_o manor_n or_o hold_v court_n as_o certain_o very_o many_o of_o the_o mesne_n tenant_n do_v this_o word_n libre_fw-la tenens_fw-la must_v extend_v to_o any_o other_o great_a freeholder_n or_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n of_o whatsoever_o lord_n he_o hold_v it_o and_o as_o such_o may_v ancient_o have_v have_v a_o vote_n in_o that_o parliament_n so_o that_o if_o i_o have_v as_o i_o think_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la come_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n in_o our_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n do_v certain_o signify_v another_o order_n of_o man_n distinct_a from_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ay_o i_o have_v the_o same_o reason_n to_o believe_v it_o be_v so_o in_o scotland_n too_o not_o only_o because_o these_o general_a word_n communitas_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la must_v needs_o be_v more_o comprehensive_a than_o to_o express_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o who_o can_v never_o represent_v all_o the_o great_a freeholder_n in_o scotland_n any_o more_o than_o they_o do_v in_o england_n but_o also_o because_o it_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o the_o scotch_a lawyer_n that_o the_o fundamental_a law_n and_o constitution_n be_v the_o same_o in_o both_o kingdom_n for_o sir_n john_n skene_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o k._n james_n before_o his_o scottish_a law_n say_v thus_o intelligo_fw-la tuas_fw-la tuorumque_fw-la majorum_fw-la leges_fw-la cum_fw-la legibus_fw-la regni_fw-la tui_fw-la angliae_fw-la magna_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la consentiunt_fw-la which_o be_v also_o acknowledge_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o in_o the_o speech_n he_o make_v in_o parliament_n concern_v the_o union_n of_o both_o kingdom_n to_o conclude_v i_o can_v but_o admire_v your_o doctor_n strange_a partiality_n who_o do_v allow_v the_o commons_o of_o scotland_n to_o have_v even_o be_v a_o three_o estate_n when_o he_o express_o grant_v that_o the_o commons_o of_o scotland_n be_v and_o be_v at_o this_o day_n the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o that_o the_o king_n royal_a burrough_n be_v such_o as_o ever_o do_v and_o do_v at_o this_o day_n in_o scotland_n only_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n now_o why_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n in_o england_n shall_v not_o have_v always_o have_v the_o like_a privilege_n as_o well_o as_o in_o scotland_n i_o wish_v you_o can_v give_v i_o any_o sufficient_a reason_n m._n since_o you_o own_o that_o the_o tenant_n capite_fw-la or_o else_o commissioner_n in_o their_o stead_n have_v be_v the_o sole_a representative_n for_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o scotland_n for_o above_o 200_o year_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o they_o be_v so_o long_o before_o that_o time_n since_o you_o confess_v you_o can_v show_v any_o law_n by_o which_o this_o ancient_a custom_n come_v to_o be_v change_v though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o statute_n before_o k._n david_n and_o robert_n the_o 2_o d_o be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o communitas_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la yet_o you_o must_v not_o suppose_v that_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n alter_v when_o the_o clerk_n alter_v their_o phrase_n in_o pen_v their_o statute_n and_o record_n so_o that_o this_o communitas_fw-la be_v the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o and_o not_o of_o the_o freeholder_n or_o of_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n since_o as_o for_o the_o former_a you_o can_v say_v that_o all_o the_o people_n in_o scotland_n have_v ever_o a_o right_a to_o choose_v the_o commissioner_n for_o the_o shire_n for_o then_o it_o be_v most_o likely_a they_o will_v have_v keep_v to_o this_o day_n whereas_o we_o see_v that_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o coplie_n have_v vote_n at_o such_o election_n and_o as_o for_o city_n and_o burrough_n i_o can_v find_v nor_o do_v i_o believe_v you_o can_v show_v i_o any_o instance_n of_o a_o city_n or_o burrough-town_n in_o scotland_n that_o ever_o send_v deputy_n to_o parliament_n but_o what_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n for_o though_o there_o be_v at_z i_o say_v already_o beside_o the_o royal_a burgh_n two_o other_o sort_n viz._n burrough_n of_o regality_n and_o burrough_n of_o barony_n who_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n but_o not_o in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o of_o some_o bishop_n or_o temporal_a lord_n and_o though_o divers_a of_o these_o be_v considerable_a for_o trade_n and_o riches_n yet_o none_o of_o they_o send_v any_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n so_o that_o though_o i_o confess_v there_o be_v three_o estate_n in_o the_o scotch_a parliament_n call_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o k._n david_n and_o robert_n the_o 2_o d_o the_o treâ—_n communitates_fw-la regni_fw-la yet_o do_v these_o always_o consist_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o who_o therefore_o sit_v together_o and_o make_v but_o one_o assembly_n now_o that_o we_o may_v apply_v what_o have_v be_v say_v to_o england_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o doctor_n and_o we_o that_o be_v of_o his_o opinion_n do_v not_o positive_o affirm_v that_o that_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n be_v not_o at_o all_o represent_v before_o 49_o hen._n 4._o but_o that_o they_o be_v not_o represent_v in_o parliament_n by_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n of_o their_o own_o choice_n but_o by_o the_o great_a and_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o great_a part_n of_o which_o i_o grant_v be_v not_o lord_n and_o admit_v that_o i_o shall_v grant_v you_o that_o some_o city_n and_o burrough_n send_v member_n to_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o yet_o be_v they_o only_o such_o as_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la and_o no_o other_o as_o the_o doctor_n have_v very_o well_o observe_v in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p_n argument_n from_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o town_n of_o st._n alban_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n there_o will_v be_v no_o more_o gain_v by_o you_o in_o this_o controversy_n than_o that_o perhaps_o some_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n appear_v in_o parliament_n and_o constitute_v a_o three_o sort_n of_o man_n which_o you_o may_v call_v the_o commons_o if_o you_o please_v though_o i_o can_v find_v they_o be_v so_o call_v till_o after_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o but_o suppose_v this_o to_o be_v so_o it_o be_v very_o far_o from_o your_o republican_n level_v opinion_n who_o do_v suppose_v that_o all_o the_o freeholder_n of_o england_n have_v a_o ancient_a indisputable_a right_n of_o appear_v in_o parliament_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o propriety_n in_o land_n or_o other_o estate_n whereas_o by_o our_o hypothesis_n we_o suppose_v the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n to_o have_v ancient_o be_v the_o king_n courtbaron_n consist_v of_o his_o immediate_a tenant_n call_v thither_o by_o he_o their_o supreme_a lord_n to_o advertise_v he_o of_o the_o grievance_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o to_o propose_v what_o new_a law_n be_v necessary_a for_o the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o commonweal_n and_o together_o with_o he_o to_o raise_v such_o public_a tax_n both_o upon_o themselves_o and_o their_o tenant_n as_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o state_n require_v yet_o notwithstanding_o there_o be_v a_o vast_a difference_n between_o your_o notion_n and_o i_o concern_v the_o right_n which_o such_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v claim_v of_o come_v to_o parliament_n since_o before_o king_n john_n charter_n whereby_o
without_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o peer_n divers_a of_o who_o it_o seem_v the_o king_n have_v for_o some_o reason_n then_o omit_v to_o summon_v but_o as_o for_o your_o instance_n of_o the_o baron_n peer_n or_o alios_fw-la magnates_fw-la which_o be_v sometime_o summon_v and_o sametimes_o omit_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o our_o three_o edwards_n you_o do_v well_o to_o put_v in_o that_o it_o be_v after_o the_o time_n that_o the_o commons_o be_v a_o three_o estate_n for_o indeed_o it_o be_v only_o after_o that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v leave_v off_o make_v a_o distinct_a council_n by_o themselves_o which_o i_o suppose_v be_v about_o the_o end_n of_o henry_n iii_o reign_n and_o then_o it_o be_v true_a the_o king_n call_v several_a of_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o also_o other_o that_o be_v not_o so_o by_o writ_n to_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n as_o pares_fw-la baronum_fw-la i._n e._n not_o as_o real_a baron_n but_o barons-peer_n since_o a_o baâ—e_a summons_n by_o writ_n do_v not_o as_o yet_o nor_o long_v after_o vest_n a_o peerage_n in_o their_o heir_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n from_o any_o thing_n you_o have_v urge_v from_o the_o example_n of_o scotland_n to_o make_v i_o change_v my_o opinion_n that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v ancient_o the_o sole_a representative_n either_o of_o this_o or_o that_o whole_a nation_n in_o parliament_n for_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o i_o do_v not_o find_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la so_o much_o as_o mention_v in_o the_o ancient_a statute_n of_o that_o kingdom_n or_o charter_n of_o their_o king_n as_o the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o scotland_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n robert_n iii_o which_o be_v but_o late_o in_o comparison_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o those_o council_n in_o that_o kingdom_n m._n i_o can_v say_v more_o as_o to_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la their_o come_n to_o parliament_n as_o the_o sole_a reprensentative_n of_o the_o nation_n before_o the_o time_n you_o mention_v but_o it_o grow_v late_a and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v wave_v it_o at_o present_a and_o so_o shall_v only_o proceed_v to_o remark_n that_o great_a part_n of_o the_o error_n of_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n proceed_v from_o this_o false_a ground_n that_o you_o suppose_v that_o the_o parliament_n both_o of_o england_n and_o scotland_n be_v a_o perfect_a representative_a body_n of_o all_o the_o freehoulders_a and_o freeman_n of_o those_o kingdom_n which_o be_v a_o mere_a chimaera_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n if_o we_o will_v consider_v it_o never_o be_v nor_o indeed_o be_v so_o at_o this_o day_n since_o you_o yourself_o must_v acknowledge_v that_o all_o copy-holders_n and_o lease-holders_n under_o forty_o shilling_n a_o year_n all_o freeman_n in_o town_n corporate_a where_o the_o election_n lie_v whole_o in_o the_o major_n and_o alderman_n or_o common_a council_n and_o last_o all_o that_o will_v not_o pay_v scot_n and_o lot_n in_o divers_a burrough_n town_n be_v utter_o exclude_v from_o give_v their_o vote_n in_o the_o choice_n of_o parliament_n man_n and_o consequent_o from_o have_v any_o representatives_n in_o parliament_n though_o sure_a as_o much_o freeman_n as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o this_o either_o by_o general_a statute_n or_o else_o by_o the_o particular_a charter_n and_o custom_n of_o those_o city_n town_n and_o burrough_n all_o which_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o good_a and_o lawful_a representative_n of_o those_o city_n and_o burrough_n so_o that_o i_o be_o clear_o of_o the_o doctor_n be_v opinion_n 68_o that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o well_o those_o who_o be_v baron_n as_o those_o that_o be_v not_o only_o represent_v themselves_o and_o not_o the_o commons_o as_o be_v as_o you_o true_o observe_v never_o choose_v by_o the_o people_n and_o as_o no_o man_n can_v believe_v that_o a_o great_a lord_n or_o bishop_n can_v represent_v his_o mesne_n tenant_n so_o neither_o can_v the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v no_o baron_n be_v proper_o say_v to_o represent_v they_o and_o yet_o these_o might_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o feudal_n tenor_n and_o the_o power_n they_o then_o have_v over_o their_o tenant_n estate_n very_o well_o make_v law_n for_o they_o and_o tax_v they_o at_o their_o pleasure_n because_o the_o main_a interest_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o kingdom_n lay_v almost_o whole_o in_o they_o and_o these_o as_o the_o doctor_n very_o well_o observe_v have_v the_o power_n of_o this_o or_o any_o other_o nation_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la always_o do_v make_v law_n for_o and_o tax_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n but_o to_o say_v somewhat_o to_o the_o authority_n you_o have_v bring_v from_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n and_o durham_n i_o know_v not_o what_o old_a privilege_n they_o may_v pretend_v to_o of_o not_o be_v force_v to_o give_v voluntary_a aid_n or_o subsidy_n of_o their_o movable_a good_n without_o their_o consent_n yet_o this_o much_o i_o think_v may_v be_v make_v out_o that_o as_o for_o all_o land_n tax_n and_o the_o general_a law_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o be_v as_o much_o bind_v by_o the_o one_o and_o as_o much_o liable_a to_o pay_v to_o the_o other_o as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n or_o else_o how_o come_v they_o afterward_o to_o be_v bind_v by_o our_o general_a statute_n at_o all_o as_o certain_o they_o be_v from_o all_o time_n since_o the_o conquest_n though_o chester_n have_v no_o representative_n in_o parliament_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n viii_o and_o durham_n have_v none_o till_o our_o time_n f._n you_o gentleman_n who_o hold_v this_o general_a notion_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v so_o intoxicate_v with_o it_o that_o you_o do_v not_o care_v what_o absurdity_n or_o contradiction_n you_o fall_v into_o provide_v you_o may_v maintain_v your_o dear_a opinion_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o first_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o your_o reply_n to_o what_o i_o have_v now_o say_v be_v very_o fallacious_a and_o in_o some_o point_n mistake_v as_o to_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o our_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n be_v in_o their_o first_o institution_n the_o main_a body_n or_o representative_a of_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o though_o it_o may_v by_o long_a continuance_n of_o time_n to_o deviate_v from_o that_o institution_n yet_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v attribute_v either_o to_o some_o prevail_a custom_n or_o else_o positive_a law_n to_o the_o contrary_a for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n all_o the_o free_a holder_n of_o england_n have_v a_o right_a of_o come_v to_o parliament_n in_o person_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o libre_fw-la tenens_fw-la libre_fw-la homo_fw-la &_o ingenuus_n be_v synonimous_a and_o of_o the_o same_o signification_n as_o i_o have_v prove_v from_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n comment_n in_o his_o glossary_n upon_o those_o word_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o member_n of_o those_o council_n be_v so_o numerous_a as_o they_o be_v in_o those_o time_n and_o long_o after_o till_o they_o become_v so_o vast_a and_o unmanageable_a that_o they_o be_v fain_o by_o degree_n to_o pitch_v upon_o this_o method_n of_o send_v knight_n of_o shire_n to_o represent_v they_o which_o be_v certain_o a_o very_a ancient_a institution_n since_o the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_n demean_v claim_v to_o be_v exempt_v from_o the_o expense_n of_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n by_o prescription_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o more_o particular_o by_o and_o by_o and_o likewise_o since_o all_o riches_n consist_v in_o those_o day_n in_o land_n or_o else_o in_o stock_n or_o trade_n therefore_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n and_o town_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o riches_n have_v always_o a_o share_n in_o the_o legislative_a power_n as_o well_o as_o in_o give_v of_o tax_n and_o since_o all_o such_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n not_o be_v able_a to_o come_v in_o person_n as_o the_o freeholders_n can_v be_v represent_v either_o by_o their_o chief_a magistrate_n call_v their_o alderman_n or_o else_o by_o burgess_n of_o their_o own_o choose_n as_o at_o this_o day_n so_o that_o all_o freedom_n or_o ingenuity_n be_v in_o this_o as_o in_o all_o other_o commonwealth_n reckon_v per_fw-la censum_fw-la by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o owner_n our_o common_a council_n be_v and_o that_o true_o the_o representative_n not_o only_o of_o the_o estate_n but_o person_n of_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o nation_n for_o i_o be_o so_o far_o of_o the_o doctor_n be_v opinion_n that_o the_o cheorl_n folk_n as_o they_o be_v then_o term_v be_v little_o better_a than_o the_o scotch_a vassal_n or_o
french_a peasant_n at_o this_o day_n and_o so_o be_v not_o reckon_v among_o the_o freeman_n all_o freedom_n consist_v then_o in_o so_o much_o freehold_a land_n hold_v in_o a_o man_n be_v own_o right_a or_o be_v freeman_n of_o some_o city_n or_o burrough_n town_n and_o this_o give_v we_o a_o reason_n why_o copy-holders_n and_o tenant_n for_o year_n have_v no_o vote_n in_o parliament_n at_o this_o day_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a and_o all_o our_o law_n book_n allow_v it_o that_o at_o the_o first_o all_o copyhold_n estate_n be_v hold_v by_o villeinage_n and_o the_o owner_n of_o they_o at_o first_o the_o villani_n or_o tiller_n of_o the_o demefnes_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o that_o town_n there_o be_v at_o first_o no_o freehold_n less_o than_o that_o of_o a_o whole_a township_n since_o a_o manor_n and_o therefore_o all_o copy-holders_n and_o tenant_n for_o year_n or_o at_o will_n though_o freeman_n be_v not_o admit_v to_o have_v vote_n at_o this_o day_n because_o as_o i_o say_v before_o freedom_n ancient_o consist_v in_o the_o inheritance_n or_o freehold_n estate_n of_o land_n or_o in_o riches_n in_o trade_n or_o traffic_n lease_n for_o life_n and_o year_n be_v not_o know_v or_o at_o least_o not_o common_o in_o use_n in_o those_o day_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o when_o estate_n of_o freehold_n come_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o small_a parcel_n all_o freeholders_n till_o the_o statute_n of_o henry_n iu._n and_o vi_o which_o we_o have_v before_o cite_v be_v as_o much_o capable_a of_o give_v their_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n as_o the_o best_a and_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o england_n till_o it_o be_v reduce_v by_o those_o statute_n to_o 40_o s._n freehold_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la these_o freeholder_n and_o burgess_n of_o town_n be_v ancient_o look_v upon_o in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n as_o the_o only_a freeman_n and_o it_o be_v these_o freeholder_n alone_o who_o owe_v suit_n and_o service_n to_o the_o county_n court_n and_o be_v amerce_v if_o they_o do_v not_o appear_v this_o be_v premise_v and_o sufficient_o understand_v will_v give_v we_o a_o very_a good_a account_n why_o copyholder_n and_o lease-holders_n for_o year_n do_v not_o give_v any_o vote_n at_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o yet_o the_o parliament_n may_v still_o continue_v the_o representative_a of_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o nation_n as_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o territory_n about_o it_o be_v of_o all_o the_o roman_n though_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o liberti_n and_o in_o inqui_fw-la lini_fw-la who_o sure_o be_v freeman_n and_o not_o slave_n and_o yet_o have_v no_o vote_n in_o they_o comitiis_fw-la centuriatis_fw-la or_o general_a assembly_n of_o all_o the_o roman_a citizen_n but_o that_o the_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la must_v take_v in_o more_o than_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o doctor_n himself_o be_v at_o last_o force_v to_o confess_v in_o his_o glossary_n notwithstanding_o his_o maintain_v the_o contrary_a in_o the_o body_n of_o his_o book_n viz._n that_o the_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la p._n &_o libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la mention_v in_o john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v not_o only_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o their_o retinue_n and_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n also_o and_o who_o he_o there_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v then_o the_o only_a man_n of_o honour_n faith_n and_o reputation_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o if_o so_o may_v certain_o have_v be_v choose_v knight_n of_o shire_n as_o well_o as_o any_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la though_o this_o be_v but_o argumentum_fw-la ad_fw-la hominem_fw-la for_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o the_o mesne_n tenant_n by_o military_a service_n be_v not_o the_o only_a man_n of_o faith_n and_o honour_n in_o those_o time_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o king_n tenant_n in_o peâ—yt_n serjeantry_n and_o of_o some_o honour_n or_o castle_n or_o else_o his_o tenant_n in_o socage_n beside_o those_o who_o hold_v of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n and_o the_o tenant_n of_o those_o abbot_n and_o prior_n who_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la and_o yet_o be_v very_o numerous_a be_v man_n of_o as_o much_o faith_n and_o honour_n as_o those_o that_o do_v since_o many_o of_o they_o possess_v as_o good_a if_o not_o better_a estate_n than_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la themselves_z so_o that_o you_o be_v certain_o mistake_v in_o matter_n of_o fact_n when_o you_o say_v the_o whole_a force_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o nation_n lie_v in_o their_o hand_n for_o if_o you_o mean_v legal_a force_n i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v no_o legal_a right_n to_o give_v away_o the_o estate_n of_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n or_o to_o make_v law_n for_o they_o without_o their_o consent_n who_o be_v altogether_o as_o free_a as_o themselves_o servitiis_fw-la suis_fw-la debitis_fw-la solummodo_a exceptis_fw-la as_o bracton_n tell_v we_o much_o less_o for_o so_o great_a a_o body_n of_o man_n as_o i_o now_o mention_v who_o never_o hold_v of_o they_o at_o all_o and_o consequent_o can_v not_o upon_o your_o own_o hypothesis_n be_v ever_o represent_v by_o they_o but_o if_o you_o mean_v a_o physical_a strength_n or_o force_n though_o this_o can_v give_v no_o natural_a much_o less_o legal_a right_n for_o one_o man_n to_o lord_n it_o over_o another_o yet_o even_o this_o be_v much_o far_o from_o truth_n since_o the_o mesne_n tenant_n of_o all_o sort_n as_o well_o by_o military_a service_n as_o in_o socage_n together_o with_o those_o above_o mention_v who_o never_o hold_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o all_o make_v six_o time_n a_o great_a body_n of_o man_n both_o for_o number_n as_o well_o as_o estate_n than_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la take_v together_o but_o to_o conclude_v neither_o be_v your_o remark_n upon_o my_o authority_n from_o gheller_n and_o durham_n at_o all_o to_o the_o purpose_n for_o i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o those_o county_n palatine_n be_v not_o at_o first_o conclude_v within_o the_o general_a law_n and_o tax_n of_o the_o kingdom_n since_o they_o have_v their_o particular_a council_n for_o both_o within_o themselves_o as_o the_o supplication_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n sufficient_o declare_v and_o certain_o durham_n have_v the_o like_a privilege_n since_o i_o never_o hear_v that_o the_o man_n in_o that_o county_n be_v more_o slave_n to_o their_o bishop_n than_o the_o cheshire_n man_n to_o their_o earl_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o about_o the_o confuse_a time_n of_o king_n hen._n vi_o there_o be_v a_o great_a breach_n make_v on_o the_o ancient_a liberty_n of_o these_o two_o county_n palatine_n and_o if_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n make_v law_n for_o and_o levy_v tax_n upon_o they_o though_o they_o have_v no_o representative_n therein_o this_o proceed_v partly_o from_o their_o be_v overpower_v by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o partly_o by_o the_o ease_n they_o find_v in_o be_v excuse_v from_o the_o expense_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o burgess_n which_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v at_o that_o time_n liable_a to_o and_o which_o come_v to_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o money_n four_o shilling_n per_fw-la diem_fw-la be_v in_o those_o day_n more_o than_o forty_o shilling_n now_o and_o yet_o you_o see_v at_o last_o they_o be_v aware_a of_o their_o error_n and_o at_o their_o request_n get_v the_o privilege_n of_o have_v representative_n in_o parliament_n of_o their_o own_o choose_n as_o well_o as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o if_o this_o have_v not_o be_v a_o certain_a right_n of_o english_a subject_n how_o come_v the_o welsh_a county_n which_o be_v ancient_o no_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n to_o have_v be_v admit_v to_o choose_v one_o knight_n for_o each_o county_n and_o burgess_n for_o each_o burrough_n town_n as_o well_o in_o north_n wales_n as_o south_n wales_n though_o both_o these_o be_v conquer_a country_n at_o the_o first_o and_o incorporate_v to_o england_n by_o particular_a statute_n and_o therefore_o we_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o deny_v the_o truth_n of_o bracton_n and_o fortescue_n assertion_n that_o no_o law_n be_v make_v nor_o tax_n impose_v in_o england_n 84._o sine_fw-la consensu_fw-la communi_fw-la â—uius_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o as_o the_o latter_a true_o add_v in_o parliamento_fw-la and_o certain_o this_o word_n common_a assent_n must_v take_v in_o all_o their_o assent_n who_o have_v estate_n either_o in_o land_n or_o other_o riches_n at_o that_o time_n when_o this_o law_n be_v establish_v but_o leave_v this_o dispute_n about_o scotland_n and_o the_o county_n palatine_n pray_v make_v a_o end_n for_o it_o grow_v late_o and_o give_v i_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o reason_n
writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o county_n to_o summon_v two_o knight_n de_fw-fr legalioribus_fw-la &_o discretoribus_fw-la singulorum_fw-la comitatuumâ—_n â—_z though_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v by_o the_o writ_n whether_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n be_v to_o elect_n and_o send_v these_o knight_n the_o sheriff_n be_v then_o of_o the_o faction_n and_o make_v by_o they_o for_o it_o be_v there_o say_v only_o quod_fw-la venire_fw-la faciarâ—_n there_o be_v also_o other_o writ_n recite_v to_o have_v be_v direct_v to_o all_o the_o great_a city_n and_o town_n of_o england_n as_o also_o to_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n to_o send_v two_o of_o the_o most_o legal_a and_o discreet_a of_o each_o of_o the_o say_a city_n burrough_n town_n and_o cinque_fw-fr port_n to_o the_o say_a parliament_n at_o westminster_n at_o the_o time_n aforesaid_a so_o that_o without_o the_o history_n of_o this_o neck_n of_o time_n these_o writ_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v for_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o prince_n out_o of_o prison_n and_o for_o the_o settle_n of_o tranquillity_n and_o peace_n in_o the_o nation_n can_v be_v understand_v but_o prince_n edward_n release_n can_v not_o be_v agree_v upon_o in_o this_o parliament_n whatever_o other_o business_n may_v be_v dispatch_v so_o that_o thing_n still_o remain_v in_o this_o uncertain_a condition_n the_o king_n be_v all_o this_o time_n a_o mere_a shadow_n until_o such_o time_n as_o simon_n montfort_n and_o gilbert_n de_fw-fr clare_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n fall_v out_o the_o latter_a at_o last_o take_v up_o arm_n and_o join_v with_o the_o earl_n of_o surry_n and_o pembroke_n to_o who_o also_o come_v prince_n edward_n after_o he_o have_v make_v his_o escape_n from_o hereford_n they_o altogether_o raise_v considerable_a force_n against_o monfort_n who_o meet_v they_o and_o join_v battle_n near_o evesham_n monfort_n with_o one_o of_o his_o son_n and_o many_o other_o lord_n and_o knight_n be_v slay_v and_o all_o his_o party_n rout_v now_o pray_v 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first_o appear_v at_o our_o great_a council_n i_o shall_v therefore_o give_v you_o another_o quotation_n out_o of_o the_o same_o old_a monk_n sulcardus_n which_o immediate_o follow_v the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o charter_n of_o k._n william_n the_o first_o to_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n but_o now_o cite_v and_o it_o have_v be_v make_v use_n of_o not_o only_o by_o mr._n p._n in_o his_o ancient_a right_n of_o the_o commons_o etc._n etc._n but_o by_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n himself_o in_o his_o origines_fw-la juridiciale_n as_o also_o by_o the_o author_n of_o argumentum_fw-la aâ—tinormaunicum_n to_o prove_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v be_v summon_v to_o a_o great_a council_n in_o the_o 9th_o year_n of_o k._n william_n the_o first_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1075._o the_o word_n as_o cite_v in_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n be_v these_o that_o after_o the_o king_n have_v subscribe_v his_o name_n to_o this_o charter_n with_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n add_v many_o of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o temporal_a nobility_n instead_o of_o cum_fw-la multis_fw-la aliis_fw-la have_v these_o word_n multis_fw-la praeterea_fw-la illustrissimis_fw-la virorum_fw-la personis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la principibus_fw-la diversi_fw-la ordinis_fw-la omissis_fw-la qui_fw-la huic_fw-la confirmationi_fw-la piisimo_fw-la affectu_fw-la testes_fw-la &_o â—autores_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la hii_n autem_fw-la illo_fw-la tempore_fw-la à _fw-la regius_fw-la potestate_fw-la diversis_fw-la provinciis_fw-la &_o urbibus_fw-la ad_fw-la universalem_fw-la synodum_fw-la pro_fw-la causis_fw-la cujuslibet_fw-la christiane_n ecclesâ—e_fw-la audiendis_fw-la &_o tractandis_fw-la ad_fw-la praescriptum_fw-la celeberriumum_fw-la coenobium_fw-la quod_fw-la westmonasterium_fw-la dicitur_fw-la convoceti_n now_o i_o shall_v only_o observe_v from_o this_o author_n provincia_n that_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n and_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n do_v render_v provincia_n for_o a_o county_n or_o shire_n m._n i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v
of_o this_o i_o shall_v proceed_v with_o the_o early_a instance_n of_o this_o kind_n after_o the_o conquest_n viz._n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o during_o who_o absence_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n he_o have_v commit_v the_o government_n of_o his_o kingdom_n to_o william_n bishop_n of_o ely_n 399._o who_o abuse_v his_o power_n by_o a_o arbitrary_a and_o insolent_a carriage_n affront_a and_o oppress_v john_n earl_n of_o morton_n the_o king_n be_v own_o brother_n and_o geoffry_n archbishop_n of_o york_n the_o king_n be_v base_a brother_n whereupon_o they_o rise_v up_o against_o he_o and_o have_v the_o bishop_n the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o their_o side_n appoint_v the_o say_a bishop_n a_o day_n to_o answer_v to_o his_o crime_n in_o the_o king_n court_n or_o great_a council_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la then_o call_v curia_fw-la regis_fw-la where_o when_o he_o refuse_v to_o appear_v they_o all_o with_o one_o consent_n come_v to_o 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against_o those_o that_o be_v commissioned_n by_o he_o in_o pursuance_n of_o such_o military_a commission_n and_o it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v note_v that_o all_o mayor_n of_o city_n or_o other_o corporation_n be_v oblige_v by_o a_o former_a statute_n of_o the_o 13_o of_o this_o king_n to_o take_v the_o same_o oath_n from_o both_o which_o statute_n and_o declaration_n we_o may_v draw_v these_o conclusion_n first_o that_o the_o militia_n i._n e._n the_o command_n of_o all_o military_a force_n and_o warlike_a affair_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v whole_o in_o the_o king_n second_o that_o either_o or_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n can_v make_v any_o war_n offensive_a or_o defensive_a against_o he_o etc._n etc._n pray_v mark_v that_o three_o that_o the_o contrary_a practice_n have_v tend_v almost_o to_o the_o destruction_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o that_o many_o evil_a and_o rebellious_a principle_n whereof_o this_o without_o doubt_n be_v intend_v for_o the_o chief_a have_v be_v instill_v 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uncle_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o ely_n who_o sure_o be_v too_o great_a to_o tell_v so_o notorious_a a_o lie_n 2683._o the_o speech_n you_o will_v find_v at_o large_a in_o knyghton_n begin_v thus_o domine_fw-la râ—x_fw-la and_o after_o many_o petition_n and_o good_a advice_n at_o last_o thus_o conclude_v which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o in_o latin_a sed_fw-la &_o unum_fw-la aeliud_fw-la de_fw-la animo_fw-la nostro_fw-la superest_fw-la nobis_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la populi_n vestri_fw-la vobis_fw-la intimare_fw-la habint_fw-la enim_fw-la ex_fw-la antiquo_fw-la statuto_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr facto_fw-la non_fw-la long_o retroactis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la experienter_fw-la quod_fw-la dolendum_fw-la est_fw-la habito_fw-la si_fw-la rex_fw-la maligno_fw-la consilio_fw-la quocunque_fw-la vel_fw-la inepta_fw-la conâ—â—macia_n aut_fw-la contemptu_fw-la seu_fw-la protervae_fw-la voluntate_fw-la singulari_fw-la aut_fw-la quovis_fw-la modo_fw-la irregulari_fw-la se_fw-la alienaverit_fw-la à _fw-la 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exercise_v of_o call_v and_o dissolve_v parliament_n at_o his_o pleasure_n i_o do_v not_o understand_v since_o it_o can_v never_o be_v suppose_v that_o a_o king_n if_o in_o full_a power_n will_v permit_v a_o parliament_n call_v in_o his_o name_n to_o sit_v to_o depose_v himself_o for_o evil_a government_n as_o for_o the_o resistance_n make_v by_o the_o two_o house_n against_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o i_o shall_v not_o undertake_v to_o justify_v for_o the_o reason_n already_o give_v as_o also_o because_o it_o it_o be_v not_o a_o war_n undertake_v by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o carry_v on_o chief_o by_o the_o puritan_n or_o presbyterian_a party_n for_o though_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o many_o other_o great_a town_n be_v for_o the_o parliament_n yet_o it_o be_v also_o certain_a that_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o england_n fight_v for_o the_o king_n and_o be_v so_o considerable_a a_o number_n as_o to_o make_v a_o anti-parliament_n at_o oxford_n so_o that_o this_o war_n can_v never_o have_v happen_v have_v not_o the_o king_n part_v with_o the_o power_n of_o
the_o king_n will_v that_o right_o be_v do_v according_a to_o the_o statute_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n 625._o etc._n etc._n which_o not_o satisfy_v as_o too_o doubtful_a and_o general_a the_o king_n at_o last_o give_v this_o full_a and_o clear_a answer_n in_o legal_a â—orm_n soit_fw-fr droit_n fait_fw-fr commâ—_n il_fw-fr est_fw-fr desirè_fw-la the_o second_o point_n in_o relation_n to_o our_o civil_a property_n be_v this_o that_o no_o tax_n taillage_n or_o aid_n shall_v be_v lay_v or_o levy_v by_o the_o king_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n earls_z baron_n knight_n burgess_n and_o whole_a commonalty_n of_o the_o realm_n in_o parliament_n this_o be_v first_o of_o all_o grant_v by_o the_o 56th_o law_n of_o william_n the_o first_o which_o i_o have_v already_o cite_v as_o also_o more_o particular_o forbid_v by_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la in_o the_o 34th_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o which_o be_v but_o a_o revival_n or_o explanation_n of_o the_o former_a law_n of_o william_n the_o first_o and_o also_o by_o the_o 25_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o whereby_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o no_o person_n shall_v be_v compel_v to_o make_v any_o loan_n to_o the_o king_n against_o his_o will_n because_o they_o be_v against_o reason_n and_o the_o franchise_n of_o the_o land_n and_o it_o be_v also_o provide_v that_o none_o shall_v be_v charge_v by_o any_o charge_n or_o imposition_n call_v a_o benevolence_n nor_o by_o such_o like_a charge_n which_o be_v also_o more_o full_o set_v forth_o in_o the_o say_a petition_n of_o right_n to_o have_v be_v late_o execute_v by_o certain_a commissioner_n as_o also_o that_o divers_a other_o charge_n have_v be_v lay_v and_o levy_v by_o lords-lieutenant_n deputy-lieutenant_n etc._n etc._n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o free_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o three_o point_n declare_v against_o in_o this_o petition_n of_o right_n be_v against_o quarter_a of_o soldier_n though_o they_o pay_v for_o their_o quartor_n contrary_a to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o owner_n and_o inhabitant_n much_o more_o when_o they_o do_v take_v free_a quarter_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n as_o have_v be_v too_o much_o practise_v of_o late_a so_o that_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n not_o only_o private-house_n but_o inn_n and_o alehouse_n be_v not_o compellable_n to_o quarter_n soldier_n unless_o they_o will_v so_o much_o be_v this_o nation_n ancient_o a_o stranger_n to_o stand_a army_n and_o quarter_a of_o soldier_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n that_o there_o be_v no_o provision_n make_v for_o it_o either_o at_o common-law_n or_o by_o any_o statute_n that_o i_o know_v of_o four_o that_o no_o new_a law_n can_v be_v make_v without_o a_o express_a act_n of_o parliament_n or_o the_o joynt-consent_n of_o the_o king_n lord_n and_o commons_o and_o therefore_o that_o parliament_n ought_v to_o be_v due_o summon_v and_o hold_v for_o the_o good_a and_o safety_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o common_a as_o well_o as_o statute_n law_n once_o every_o year_n and_o according_a to_o more_o modern_a statute_n once_o in_o three_o year_n at_o least_o or_o whenever_o there_o be_v a_o just_a and_o necessary_a occasion_n for_o it_o and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o old_a english_a saxon_n law_n which_o ordain_v that_o the_o great_a council_n or_o mycel_v synod_n shall_v be_v hold_v twice_o in_o the_o year_n as_o the_o ancient_a mirror_n of_o justice_n recite_v and_o the_o constant_a custom_n long_o after_o the_o conquest_n in_o which_o there_o never_o pass_v a_o year_n without_o a_o general_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o when_o this_o come_v by_o degree_n to_o be_v discontinue_v then_o be_v those_o statute_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o and_o richard_n the_o second_o make_v whereby_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o a_o parliament_n shall_v be_v hold_v every_o year_n and_o often_o if_o there_o be_v occasion_n 5th_o since_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o parliament_n be_v the_o very_a soul_n and_o essence_n of_o the_o government_n the_o election_n of_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o sit_v and_o serve_v in_o parliament_n aught_o to_o be_v free_a and_o all_o the_o member_n of_o parliament_n who_o have_v place_n there_o either_o by_o patent_n or_o writ_n of_o summons_n as_o the_o lord_n or_o else_o by_o election_n or_o writ_n as_o the_o bishop_n ought_v to_o be_v present_a and_o there_o to_o have_v freedom_n of_o speech_n and_o vote_n without_o any_o guard_n to_o over-awe_n or_o terrify_v they_o and_o none_o to_o be_v force_v threaten_a bribe_v or_o tamper_v with_o to_o give_v their_o vote_n contrary_a to_o their_o conscience_n either_o by_o the_o king_n or_o any_o of_o his_o minister_n this_o be_v ordain_v by_o the_o stat._n of_o westm._n 1_o chap._n 5._o whereby_o it_o be_v express_o provide_v that_o all_o election_n ought_v to_o be_v free_a which_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o his_o note_n upon_o this_o statute_n extend_v to_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n as_o well_o as_o other_o election_n since_o i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o elect_v member_n to_o parliament_n when_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o ancient_a law_n of_o england_n 36._o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o roll_n of_o parliament_n 1_o hen._n 4._o wherein_o it_o be_v allege_v as_o by_o the_o parliament_n as_o one_o of_o the_o article_n against_o richard_n the_o second_o in_o these_o word_n item_n licet_fw-la de_fw-la stato_fw-la &_o consuttudine_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la in_o convocatione_n enjuslibet_fw-la parliamenti_fw-la populus_fw-la suus_fw-la in_o singulis_fw-la comitatibus_fw-la regni_fw-la debeat_fw-la esse_fw-la libre_fw-la ad_fw-la eligendum_fw-la &_o deputandum_fw-la milites_fw-la pro_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la comitatibus_fw-la ad_fw-la inter_fw-la â—ssendum_fw-la parliamentis_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la exponendum_fw-la corum_fw-la gravamina_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la prosequendum_fw-la pro_fw-la remediis_fw-la superinde_v prout_fw-la videntur_fw-la expedire_fw-la tamen_fw-la praefatus_fw-la rex_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o parliamentis_fw-la suis_fw-la liberius_fw-la consequi_fw-la valeat_fw-la suae_fw-la temerariae_fw-la voluntatis_fw-la effectum_fw-la direxit_fw-la mandata_fw-la sua_fw-la frequentius_fw-la vicecomitibus_fw-la ejus_fw-la ut_fw-la certas_fw-la personas_fw-la per_fw-la ipsum_fw-la regem_fw-la nominatas_fw-la ut_fw-la milites_fw-la câ—mitatuum_fw-la venirâ—_fw-it saciant_fw-la ad_fw-la parliamenta_fw-la sua_fw-la quos_fw-la quidem_fw-la milites_fw-la eidem_fw-la regi_fw-la faventes_fw-la inducâ—re_fw-la poterat_fw-la prout_fw-la frequentius_fw-la fecit_fw-la quandoque_fw-la pro_fw-la minas_fw-la varias_fw-la &_o terrores_fw-la &_o quandoque_fw-la per_fw-la munera_fw-la ad_fw-la consentiendum_fw-la illis_fw-la quâ—a_fw-la regno_fw-la praedicto_fw-la prâ—ejudicialia_fw-la fuerant_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la quam_fw-la plurimum_fw-la onerosa_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o that_o you_o here_o may_v see_v that_o it_o be_v then_o judge_v by_o the_o whole_a parliament_n to_o be_v a_o brench_n of_o one_o of_o the_o fundamental_a liberty_n of_o the_o nation_n for_o the_o king_n to_o make_v false_a return_n to_o be_v make_v of_o parliament-man_n as_o also_o to_o corrupt_v or_o over-awe_n their_o vote_n either_o by_o promise_n or_o threatening_n but_o to_o conclude_v that_o we_o have_v such_o thing_n as_o fundamental_a law_n and_o privilege_n i_o shall_v go_v no_o far_o than_o king_n james_n i._o his_o speech_n confirm_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n wherein_o it_o be_v recite_v that_o the_o king_n have_v vouchsafe_v to_o express_v many_o way_n how_o far_o it_o be_v and_o ever_o shall_v be_v from_o his_o royal_a and_o sincere_a care_n and_o affection_n to_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n to_o alter_v or_o innovate_v the_o fundamental_a law_n privilege_n and_o good_a custom_n of_o this_o kingdom_n whereby_o not_o only_o his_o royal_a authority_n but_o the_o people_n security_n of_o land_n live_n and_o privilege_n both_o in_o general_a and_o particular_a be_v preserve_v and_o maintain_v and_o by_o the_o abolish_n or_o alteration_n of_o which_o it_o be_v impossible_a but_o that_o present_a confusion_n will_v fall_v upon_o the_o whole_a state_n and_o â—rame_v of_o this_o realm_n so_o that_o if_o this_o judgement_n of_o the_o king_n and_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n be_v true_a sure_o we_o may_v just_o suppose_v that_o thing_n of_o such_o vast_a concernment_n deserve_v our_o contend_v for_o by_o all_o mean_v possible_a and_o lawful_a to_o preserve_v they_o for_o what_o the_o noble_n of_o the_o land_n upon_o occasion_n once_o say_v with_o one_o voice_n in_o full_a parliament_n every_o freeborn_a subject_n of_o england_n may_v as_o well_o say_v at_o this_o day_n nolumus_fw-la leges_fw-la angliae_fw-la mutari_fw-la which_o be_v a_o maxim_n that_o ought_v to_o be_v imprint_v upon_o the_o heart_n of_o all_o true_a englishman_n who_o as_o my_o lord_n bacon_n very_o well_o observe_v take_v themselves_o to_o have_v as_o good_a title_n to_o their_o law_n 43._o as_o to_o the_o
of_o this_o necessity_n as_o certain_o he_o be_v in_o the_o interval_n of_o parliament_n it_o can_v never_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o first_o prince_n or_o his_o successor_n that_o first_o part_v with_o these_o privilege_n to_o the_o people_n ever_o intend_v to_o be_v so_o strait_o tie_v to_o they_o as_o that_o in_o no_o case_n whatever_o though_o never_o so_o press_v they_o shall_v not_o depart_v from_o they_o much_o less_o that_o he_o shall_v forfeit_v his_o crown_n if_o he_o shall_v whole_o break_v they_o nay_o shall_v persist_v so_o to_o do_v and_o resolve_v to_o turn_v this_o limit_v into_o a_o absolute_a despotic_a monarchy_n since_o the_o observation_n of_o these_o law_n be_v but_o concession_n of_o his_o own_o or_o his_o predecessor_n can_v never_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o condition_n of_o his_o hold_v the_o crown_n nor_o of_o the_o subject_n allegiance_n to_o it_o there_o be_v as_o you_o yourself_o confess_v no_o such_o clause_n express_v in_o either_o part_n neither_o in_o the_o king_n coronation_n oath_n nor_o yet_o in_o their_o allegiance_n to_o he_o as_o you_o yourself_o can_v but_o acknowledge_v and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a the_o king_n swear_v at_o his_o coronation_n to_o keep_v and_o maintain_v the_o law_n yet_o grotius_n tell_v we_o lib._n 1._o cap._n 3._o that_o a_o empire_n do_v not_o cease_v to_o be_v absolute_a although_o he_o who_o be_v to_o rule_v promise_v some_o thing_n to_o god_n or_o to_o his_o subject_n even_o such_o which_o may_v appertain_v to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o that_o not_o only_o concern_v the_o observation_n of_o the_o natural_a or_o divine_a law_n but_o of_o certain_a rule_n to_o which_o without_o a_o promise_n he_o be_v not_o oblige_v so_o that_o in_o all_o promise_v of_o this_o kind_a the_o manner_n of_o the_o obligation_n be_v not_o reciprocal_a or_o of_o the_o same_o sort_n on_o both_o side_n as_o for_o example_n it_o be_v only_o moral_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o king_n and_o it_o be_v lefâ—_n whole_o to_o god_n to_o judge_v between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o subject_n and_o to_o punish_v he_o when_o he_o break_v his_o part_n but_o to_o the_o king_n as_o god_n lieutenant_n on_o earth_n it_o belong_v not_o only_o to_o judge_v of_o his_o subject_n breach_n of_o their_o oath_n and_o contract_n but_o also_o to_o punish_v they_o for_o so_o do_v and_o compel_v they_o to_o the_o performance_n of_o it_o and_o of_o this_o judgement_n be_v all_o the_o modern_a civilian_n as_o for_o bodin_n i_o have_v give_v you_o his_o opinion_n in_o the_o chapter_n i_o last_o cite_v concern_v this_o matter_n and_o he_o as_o well_o as_o grotius_n be_v clear_o of_o opinion_n that_o absolute_a monarch_n such_o as_o he_o reckon_v the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o be_v be_v not_o to_o be_v call_v in_o question_n or_o destroy_v let_v their_o breach_n of_o law_n and_o tyranny_n be_v never_o so_o notorious_a much_o less_o can_v they_o forfeit_v their_o royal_a dignity_n for_o such_o maladministration_n and_o though_o grotius_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o in_o case_n of_o great_a and_o evident_a danger_n of_o life_n subject_n may_v have_v a_o right_n of_o resistance_n against_o absolute_a prince_n and_o those_o commission_v by_o they_o what_o be_v this_o to_o the_o case_n in_o hand_n viz._n a_o resistance_n against_o a_o absolute_a monarch_n for_o violation_n of_o those_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n that_o be_v grant_v by_o himself_o or_o his_o ancestor_n and_o without_o which_o subject_n may_v very_o well_o live_v and_o subsist_v as_o we_o see_v they_o do_v under_o the_o most_o absolute_a despotic_a monarchy_n where_o they_o enjoy_v no_o such_o thing_n though_o perhaps_o they_o do_v not_o live_v so_o well_o and_o free_o as_o we_o do_v 6._o nay_o pufendorf_n the_o author_n you_o so_o much_o make_v use_n of_o in_o his_o seven_o book_n will_v not_o allow_v subject_n to_o take_v up_o arm_n or_o resist_v absolute_a prince_n nor_o for_o too_o great_a cruelty_n in_o punishment_n nor_o for_o impose_v too_o immoderate_a tax_n since_o the_o presumption_n of_o justice_n and_o necessity_n for_o the_o do_v of_o these_o thing_n be_v always_o on_o the_o prince_n side_n nay_o if_o his_o promise_n be_v not_o keep_v or_o privilege_n former_o grant_v be_v take_v away_o if_o the_o prince_n be_v absolute_a and_o will_v pretend_v any_o fault_n necessity_n or_o remarkable_a benefit_n thereby_o to_o the_o commonwealth_n he_o shall_v be_v deem_v to_o have_v act_v by_o a_o right_n of_o which_o the_o faculty_n of_o judge_v be_v whole_o want_v to_o the_o subject_n since_o all_o privilege_n have_v this_o exception_n unless_o the_o welfare_n or_o necessity_n of_o the_o common_a weal_n forbid_v they_o to_o be_v observe_v f._n since_o your_o last_o discourse_n consist_v of_o two_o part_n matter_n of_o fact_n and_o matter_n of_o right_n deducible_a from_o that_o fact_n i_o shall_v speak_v to_o each_o of_o they_o in_o order_n first_o as_o to_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n it_o be_v a_o great_a mistake_n in_o you_o and_o dr._n brady_n to_o maintain_v that_o k._n william_n i._o be_v real_o a_o conqueror_n and_o by_o his_o sword_n without_o any_o other_o title_n obtain_v such_o a_o entire_a victory_n over_o k._n harold_n and_o the_o whole_a english_a nation_n as_o give_v he_o a_o hereditary_a right_n for_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n to_o the_o absolute_a allegiance_n of_o the_o whole_a english_a nation_n without_o any_o reserve_n or_o condition_n whatever_o so_o that_o all_o our_o ancient_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n be_v thereby_o lose_v and_o forfeit_v this_o nation_n can_v claim_v nothing_o of_o that_o kind_n but_o from_o the_o grant_v and_o concession_n of_o that_o king_n or_o his_o successor_n every_o one_o of_o which_o proposition_n contain_v so_o many_o notorious_a mistake_n in_o matter_n of_o fact_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n king_n william_n never_o claim_v the_o crown_n by_o conquest_n but_o by_o the_o adoption_n and_o testament_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o i_o defy_v you_o to_o show_v i_o any_o ancient_a law_n or_o charter_n either_o of_o his_o own_o or_o any_o of_o his_o immediate_a descendant_n wherein_o he_o be_v style_v conqueror_n it_o be_v true_a in_o his_o charter_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n 483._o he_o say_v in_o one_o that_o by_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o sword_n he_o obtain_v the_o kingdom_n by_o the_o conquest_n of_o harold_n and_o his_o accomplice_n yet_o do_v not_o find_v his_o right_n in_o that_o victory_n alone_o but_o on_o the_o donation_n of_o king_n edward_n his_o cousin_n the_o word_n be_v remarkable_a in_o over_o gladii_fw-la adeptus_fw-la sum_fw-la regnum_fw-la anglorum_fw-la devicto_fw-la haraldo_n rege_fw-la cum_fw-la suis_fw-la complicibus_fw-la qui_fw-la mihi_fw-la regnum_fw-la divinâ_fw-la providentiâ_fw-la destinatum_fw-la &_o beneficio_fw-la concessionis_fw-la domini_fw-la &_o cognati_fw-la mei_fw-la gloriosi_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la concessum_fw-la conati_fw-la sunt_fw-la auferre_fw-la and_o this_o donation_n he_o call_v a_o hereditary_a right_n in_o divers_a other_o charter_n as_o particular_o in_o one_o also_o record_v by_o inspeximinus_fw-la 211._o begin_v thus_o in_o nomine_fw-la patris_fw-la &_o filii_fw-la &_o spiritus_fw-la sancti_fw-la amâ—n_n ego_fw-la willielâ—us_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la haereditatio_fw-la jure_fw-la factus_fw-la so_o likewise_o his_o son_n k._n henry_n i._o in_o his_o charter_n to_o the_o abbot_n of_o ely_n create_v he_o a_o bishop_n call_v himself_o the_o son_n of_o william_n the_o great_a not_o the_o conqueror_n qui_fw-la edwardo_n regi_fw-la haereditario_fw-la jure_fw-la successit_fw-la in_o regnum_fw-la and_o in_o virtue_n of_o this_o donation_n he_o be_v after_o his_o victory_n against_o harold_n by_o public_a and_o full_a consent_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n or_o people_n of_o england_n as_o also_o of_o the_o norman_n he_o bring_v with_o he_o elect_v and_o crown_v king_n and_o at_o his_o coronation_n take_v the_o 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his_o successor_n but_o if_o they_o will_v only_o insist_v upon_o their_o title_n by_o the_o sword_n without_o any_o precede_a or_o subsequent_a right_n they_o may_v be_v as_o lawful_o turn_v out_o again_o by_o the_o sword_n since_o it_o be_v own_a by_o all_o writer_n on_o this_o subject_a that_o a_o conqueror_n in_o a_o unjust_a war_n can_v obtain_v no_o right_n over_o a_o free_a people_n so_o much_o for_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n i_o come_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o point_n of_o right_n in_o law_n i_o grant_v indeed_o that_o a_o simple_a oath_n or_o pact_n between_o a_o absolute_a monarch_n and_o his_o subject_n to_o do_v or_o perform_v such_o or_o such_o a_o thing_n or_o to_o let_v they_o enjoy_v such_o and_o such_o privilege_n do_v not_o immediate_o give_v the_o people_n a_o power_n to_o compel_v such_o a_o monarch_n and_o his_o successor_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n to_o the_o strict_a observance_n of_o they_o in_o case_n of_o a_o violation_n on_o his_o part_n but_o our_o 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party_n against_o the_o former_a hence_o the_o party_n command_a can_v be_v question_v for_o a_o breach_n of_o compact_n unless_o he_o either_o wilful_o abdicate_v all_o care_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n or_o put_v on_o a_o hostile_a mind_n towards_o his_o subject_n or_o manifest_o or_o deceitful_o in_o latin_a dolo_fw-la malo_fw-la depart_v from_o the_o rule_n of_o govern_v on_o who_o observance_n as_o upon_o a_o condition_n the_o subject_n allegiance_n depend_v which_o be_v easy_o to_o be_v avoid_v by_o any_o ruler_n if_o he_o will_v consider_v that_o not_o the_o high_a of_o mortal_n be_v free_a from_o the_o law_n of_o humane_a chance_n so_o that_o let_v the_o power_n of_o your_o conqueror_n have_v be_v never_o so_o great_a or_o absolute_a it_o be_v plain_a he_o not_o only_o renounce_v it_o himself_o but_o several_a of_o his_o successor_n have_v do_v the_o same_o for_o themselves_o and_o their_o heir_n therefore_o make_v the_o most_o of_o it_o they_o must_v still_o claim_v by_o â—ertuâ—_n of_o the_o contract_n to_o maintain_v the_o constitution_n as_o they_o find_v it_o or_o else_o resolve_v all_o their_o right_n into_o mere_a force_n and_o then_o vim_o vi_fw-la pellere_fw-la licitum_fw-la est_fw-la m._n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o you_o and_o i_o differ_v in_o our_o conclusion_n since_o we_o also_o differ_v so_o much_o in_o the_o premise_n and_o in_o the_o very_a matter_n of_o fact_n concern_v king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n come_v to_o the_o crown_n you_o say_v he_o come_v to_o it_o partly_o by_o the_o sword_n but_o found_v on_o a_o donation_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o partly_o by_o the_o consent_n and_o election_n of_o the_o people_n of_o england_n yet_o you_o yourself_o can_v deny_v but_o force_n or_o conquest_n have_v a_o great_a share_n in_o the_o business_n and_o indeed_o be_v all_o the_o right_n he_o have_v for_o as_o for_o that_o donation_n of_o k._n edward_n it_o be_v either_o forge_v or_o else_o k._n william_n can_v claim_v nothing_o by_o it_o since_o england_n be_v then_o either_o a_o hereditary_a kingdom_n or_o elective_a and_o take_v it_o which_o way_n you_o will_v this_o donation_n of_o the_o confessor_n can_v signify_v nothing_o either_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o people_n that_o be_v to_o elect_n or_o the_o next_o heir_n who_o be_v to_o succeed_v after_o k._n edward_n decease_n neither_o can_v he_o claim_v as_o heir_n to_o he_o by_o blood_n for_o the_o relation_n between_o he_o and_o k._n edward_n be_v by_o his_o mother_n emma_n sister_n to_o richard_n the_o second_o duke_n of_o normandy_n this_o william_n uncle_n so_o that_o the_o conqueror_n be_v no_o way_n descend_v from_o the_o blood_n royal_a of_o england_n therefore_o his_o true_a quarrel_n with_o harold_n let_v his_o pretence_n be_v what_o it_o will_v be_v
though_o they_o themselves_o remain_v free_a man_n but_o your_o dr._n from_o who_o you_o borrow_v this_o be_v very_o much_o out_o in_o his_o application_n of_o those_o passage_n he_o cite_v for_o neither_o of_o those_o author_n do_v affirm_v this_o of_o all_o owner_n of_o land_n whatsoever_o but_o only_o there_o to_o give_v we_o the_o original_a of_o soccage_n tenant_n on_o the_o king_n demesne_n as_o appear_v by_o bracton_n title_n to_o that_o chapter_n from_o whence_o the_o dr._n cite_v this_o passage_n which_o be_v de_fw-fr diversis_fw-la conditionibus_fw-la personarum_fw-la tenentium_fw-la in_o dominicis_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o the_o first_o word_n of_o this_o chapter_n make_v it_o yet_o plain_o begin_v thus_o in_o dominico_n domini_fw-la regis_fw-la plura_fw-la sunt_fw-la genera_fw-la hominum_fw-la sunt_fw-la enim_fw-la ibi_fw-la servi_fw-la sive_fw-la nativi_fw-la ante_fw-la conquestum_fw-la in_fw-la conquestu_fw-la &_o post_fw-la conquestum_fw-la and_o under_o these_o last_o range_v the_o person_n you_o mention_v but_o fleta_n be_v more_o exact_a in_o his_o chapter_n de_fw-fr sokemannis_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o these_o man_n be_v tenant_n of_o the_o king_n ancient_a manor_n in_o demean_v &_o quia_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la cultores_fw-la regis_fw-la dignoscuntur_fw-la provisa_fw-la fuit_fw-la quies_fw-la nâ—_n sectas_fw-la facerent_fw-la ad_fw-la comitatum_fw-la vel_fw-la hundredum_fw-la tamen_fw-la pro_fw-la terra_fw-la quorum_fw-la congregationem_fw-la tune_n socam_fw-la appellarunt_fw-la hinc_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la sokemanni_n hodie_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la esse_fw-la so_o that_o though_o king_n william_n may_v permit_v his_o ancient_a tenant_n to_o be_v thus_o out_v of_o their_o estate_n they_o hold_v in_o his_o own_o demesne_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o he_o take_v away_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o ancient_a owner_n all_o over_o england_n of_o whatsoever_o tenure_n they_o be_v or_o of_o whosoever_o hold_v but_o as_o for_o your_o quotation_n out_o of_o mat._n paris_n it_o prove_v no_o more_o than_o what_o i_o ready_o grant_v that_o king_n william_n after_o his_o return_n out_o of_o normandy_n liberal_o reward_v his_o follower_n with_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o english_a which_o may_v he_o only_o of_o such_o as_o fight_v against_o he_o at_o the_o battle_n of_o hastings_n and_o as_o for_o that_o little_a which_o be_v leave_v they_o which_o he_o say_v be_v put_v under_o the_o yoke_n of_o a_o perpetual_a servitude_n he_o mean_v no_o more_o by_o this_o expression_n than_o that_o new_a tenure_n of_o knight_n service_n which_o king_n william_n impose_v upon_o they_o as_o this_o author_n in_o the_o very_a next_o leaf_n speak_v of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o bishopric_n and_o abbey_n which_o be_v hold_v before_o free_a from_o all_o secular_a servitude_n sub_fw-la servitute_fw-la statuit_fw-la militari_fw-la and_o therefore_o you_o seem_v to_o contradict_v yourself_o when_o contrary_n to_o your_o own_o author_n sir_n william_n dugdale_n you_o deny_v the_o truth_n of_o any_o part_n of_o the_o story_n because_o that_o in_o doomsday_n book_n the_o name_n of_o edwin_n of_o sharnborn_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v and_o that_o william_n de_fw-fr albeni_n be_v not_o name_v among_o the_o owner_n of_o that_o manor_n which_o be_v not_o material_a since_o this_o william_n may_v obtain_v a_o share_n therein_o after_o this_o survey_n be_v make_v 103._o and_o as_o for_o sharnborn_a himself_o his_o not_o be_v there_o mention_v be_v no_o argument_n that_o he_o have_v no_o land_n within_o that_o manor_n or_o the_o other_o that_o be_v mention_v in_o that_o narrative_a since_o oftentimes_o the_o chief_a lord_n of_o the_o fee_n be_v only_o mention_v in_o doomsday_n book_n though_o all_o the_o proprietor_n under_o they_o be_v not_o particular_o name_v but_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o discourse_v any_o long_o with_o you_o upon_o the_o subject_a of_o your_o conqueror_n take_v away_o the_o land_n of_o 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scotland_n have_v do_v in_o the_o like_a case_n for_o some_o of_o the_o most_o wary_a and_o prudent_a member_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commonâ—_n consider_v that_o this_o word_n forfeiture_n may_v prove_v of_o very_o hard_a digestion_n to_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o house_n and_o also_o may_v give_v great_a offence_n to_o divers_a of_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n in_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n they_o find_v out_o this_o word_n abdicate_v be_v a_o expediâ—â—â—_n to_o solve_v that_o difficulty_n aâ—d_v which_o may_v not_o only_o express_v the_o king_n wilful_a desertion_n of_o the_o government_n by_o his_o first_o departure_n but_o also_o his_o renunciaton_n of_o it_o upon_o those_o legal_a condition_n he_o be_v to_o hold_v it_o 〈…〉_z i_o have_v already_o observe_v the_o word_n abdicate_v in_o their_o vote_n refer_v not_o only_o to_o his_o have_v withdraw_v himself_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o to_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o clause_n forego_v or_o else_o they_o will_v 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a_o act_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v make_v indefinite_o without_o fix_v it_o to_o any_o time_n or_o person_n the_o word_n in_o the_o act_n be_v the_o king_n for_o the_o time_n be_v which_o must_v certain_o extend_v to_o any_o other_o king_n as_o well_o as_o henry_n the_o viith_o for_o i_o suppose_v that_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o a_o deed_n agree_v in_o this_o that_o a_o unnecessary_a clause_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n render_v the_o whole_a void_a but_o as_o for_o what_o you_o say_v in_o relation_n to_o this_o act_n be_v a_o security_n for_o the_o title_n of_o the_o queen_n and_o her_o child_n who_o you_o suppose_v to_o be_v the_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n this_o rather_o serve_v to_o strengthen_v the_o act_n than_o otherwise_o for_o if_o this_o king_n have_v a_o good_a title_n in_o her_o right_n than_o it_o may_v be_v also_o very_a well_o suppose_v that_o she_o give_v her_o assent_n to_o this_o act_n in_o the_o person_n of_o her_o husband_n and_o that_o not_o for_o 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this_o letter_n i_o now_o mention_v be_v write_v to_o the_o pope_n which_o transaction_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o almost_o verbatim_o out_o of_o mat._n of_o westminster_n and_o henry_n de_fw-fr keyghton_n in_o anno_fw-la 1297._o be_v the_o 26_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o when_o the_o king_n have_v extort_a a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n from_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n contrary_a to_o law_n and_o be_v then_o go_v into_o flanders_n he_o call_v a_o parliament_n at_o westminster_n where_o most_o of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n refuse_v to_o appear_v until_o such_o time_n as_o their_o petition_n for_o the_o ease_n of_o their_o country_n be_v hear_v and_o that_o the_o king_n will_v again_o confirm_v magna_fw-la charta_fw-la yet_o nevertheless_o the_o king_n upon_o his_o confession_n of_o his_o male_a administration_n which_o he_o make_v before_o all_o the_o people_n with_o tear_n in_o his_o eye_n and_o promise_v of_o amendment_n then_o obtain_v of_o the_o commons_o a_o aid_n of_o the_o 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tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la both_o which_o be_v afterward_o again_o confirm_v by_o the_o king_n his_o father_n some_o time_n after_o his_o return_n and_o this_o will_v serve_v to_o explain_v the_o last_o article_n in_o this_o statute_n which_o comprehend_v the_o king_n pardon_n or_o remission_n to_o humphrey_n earl_n of_o herâ—ford_n and_o essâ—x_n then_o constable_n and_o roger_n bigot_n earl_n of_o norfolk_n marshal_n of_o england_n the_o two_o principal_a leader_n in_o the_o late_a resistance_n with_o all_o other_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o esquire_n of_o their_o party_n all_o league_n and_o confederacy_n as_o also_o all_o rancour_n and_o ill-will_a with_o all_o other_o transgression_n against_o they_o &_o and_o pray_v see_v sir_n edward_n coke_n comment_n on_o these_o word_n 536._o you_o compare_v our_o english_a history_n with_o this_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o old_a say_n shall_v be_v verify_v that_o record_n of_o parliament_n the_o true_a history_n the_o king_n have_v conceive_v a_o deep_a displeasure_n against_o the_o constable_n marshal_z and_o other_o of_o the_o nobility_n gentry_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n for_o deny_v that_o which_o he_o so_o much_o desire_v yet_o for_o that_o they_o stand_v in_o defence_n of_o their_o law_n liberty_n and_o free_a custom_n etc._n etc._n i_o suppose_v he_o refer_v to_o the_o resistance_n but_o now_o mention_v whereupon_o he_o do_v not_o only_o restore_v the_o same_o to_o they_o as_o aforesaid_a but_o grant_v special_a pardon_n to_o those_o against_o who_o he_o have_v conceive_v so_o heavy_a a_o displeasure_n etc._n etc._n and_o such_o a_o one_o as_o you_o will_v scarce_o read_v the_o like_a and_o after_o a_o short_a gloss_n upon_o the_o word_n rancour_n and_o ill-will_a he_o thus_o comment_v on_o these_o word_n etiam_fw-la transgressiones_fw-la si_fw-la qâ—as_fw-la fecâ—inâ—_n here_o the_o word_n si_fw-fr quaâ—_n sicâ—iâ—t_fw-la be_v add_v lest_o by_o acceptance_n of_o a_o pardon_n they_o shall_v confess_v they_o have_v transgress_v so_o careful_a be_v the_o lord_n and_o commons_o to_o preserve_v their_o ancient_a law_n liberty_n and_o custom_n of_o their_o country_n so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o sir_n edward_n coke_n then_o think_v the_o lord_n and_o commons_o have_v not_o transgress_v in_o thus_o stand_v up_o though_o with_o force_n of_o arm_n for_o their_o just_a right_n and_o liberty_n and_o which_o sufficient_o prove_v that_o this_o author_n do_v not_o conceive_v such_o a_o resistance_n to_o be_v make_v war_n against_o the_o king_n and_o so_o treason_n at_o that_o time_n at_o common_a law_n and_o consequent_o not_o to_o be_v afterward_o treason_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 25_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o since_o that_o statute_n dâ—es_v not_o make_v any_o other_o overtact_n to_o be_v treason_n but_o what_o have_v be_v so_o by_o common_a law_n before_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v but_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o king_n son_n edward_n the_o second_o there_o be_v much_o more_o pregnant_a and_o fatal_a proof_n of_o the_o exercise_n of_o this_o right_n of_o resistance_n by_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o people_n of_o england_n against_o peirce_n gaveston_n who_o have_v be_v before_o for_o his_o misgovernment_n of_o the_o king_n banish_v the_o realm_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o come_v over_o with_o the_o king_n licence_n but_o without_o any_o reverse_n of_o the_o say_a act_n thomas_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n the_o king_n uncle_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o land_n take_v up_o arm_n against_o he_o and_o though_o he_o raise_v some_o force_n by_o the_o king_n commission_n yet_o they_o fight_v with_o he_o and_o take_v he_o prisoner_n and_o behead_v he_o near_z warwick_z some_o year_n after_o which_o the_o say_a thomas_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n with_o humphrey_z de_fw-fr bohun_n earl_n of_o hereford_n together_o with_o divers_a other_o earl_n and_o baron_n take_v 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of_o this_o king_n be_v recite_v 2._o that_o whereas_o at_o a_o parliament_n at_o westminster_n among_o other_o thing_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o king_n the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o all_o those_o who_o be_v in_o the_o quarrel_n with_o thomas_n e._n of_o lancaster_n against_o the_o spencer_n shall_v have_v their_o land_n and_o good_n restore_v because_o the_o say_a quarrel_n be_v find_v and_o adjudge_v by_o the_o king_n and_o the_o whole_a parliament_n to_o be_v good_a and_o just_a and_o that_o the_o judgement_n give_v against_o they_o be_v null_a and_o void_a and_o therefore_o command_v restitution_n of_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n now_o in_o the_o crown_n to_o the_o executor_n of_o the_o say_a earl_n and_o the_o like_a writ_n be_v find_v for_o the_o other_o lord_n and_o gentleman_n that_o have_v be_v of_o his_o party_n and_o further_o that_o not_o only_o this_o resistance_n make_v by_o this_o earl_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o follower_n but_o also_o that_o which_o this_o king_n himself_o make_v together_o with_o queen_n isabel_n his_o mother_n against_o the_o misgovernment_n of_o the_o king_n his_o father_n through_o the_o evil_a counsel_n of_o the_o two_o spencer_n appear_v by_o the_o act_n of_o indemnity_n pass_v in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o this_o king_n in_o the_o preamble_n of_o which_o there_o be_v recite_v a_o short_a history_n of_o the_o wicked_a government_n and_o banishment_n of_o the_o spencer_n father_n and_o son_n and_o also_o how_o thomas_n late_a earl_n of_o lancaster_n be_v by_o their_o procurement_n pursue_v take_v execute_v disinherit_v and_o how_o the_o say_v spencer_n and_o robert_n baldock_n and_o edmund_n earl_n of_o arundel_n by_o the_o royal_a power_n they_o have_v usurp_v have_v cause_v the_o king_n that_o now_o be_v and_o the_o queen_n his_o mother_n to_o be_v utter_o forsake_v of_o the_o king_n