many_o of_o the_o great_a clergy_n and_o temporal_a nobility_n instead_o of_o cum_fw-la multis_fw-la aliis_fw-la have_v these_o word_n multis_fw-la praeterea_fw-la illustrissimis_fw-la virorum_fw-la personis_fw-la &_o regum_fw-la principibus_fw-la diversi_fw-la ordinis_fw-la omissis_fw-la qui_fw-la similiter_fw-la huic_fw-la confirmationi_fw-la piissimo_fw-la affectu_fw-la testes_fw-la &_o fautores_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la hii_n autem_fw-la illo_fw-la tempore_fw-la à _fw-la regius_fw-la potestate_fw-la diversis_fw-la provinciis_fw-la ãâã_d &_o urbibus_fw-la ad_fw-la universalem_fw-la synodum_fw-la pro_fw-la causis_fw-la cujustibet_fw-la christianae_n ecclesiae_fw-la audiendis_fw-la &_o tractandis_fw-la ad_fw-la praescriptum_fw-la celeberrimum_fw-la synodum_fw-la quod_fw-la westmonasterium_fw-la dicitur_fw-la convocati_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o the_o margin_n of_o the_o book_n i_o find_v write_v this_o note_n nota_fw-la hic_fw-la hos_fw-la omnes_fw-la convocari_fw-la à _fw-la rege_fw-la sua_fw-la auctoritate_fw-la ad_fw-la causas_fw-la religionis_fw-la tractandas_fw-la tam_fw-la nobiles_fw-la de_fw-la clero_fw-la quam_fw-la principes_fw-la regni_fw-la cum_fw-la aliis_fw-la inferioris_fw-la gradus_fw-la conventio_fw-la quorum_fw-la videtur_fw-la esse_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la and_o in_o the_o year-book_n of_o e._n 60._o 3._o above_o 330._o year_n since_o in_o a_o case_n touch_v the_o exemption_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o bury_n from_o the_o bishop_n of_o norwich_n we_o have_v mention_n of_o a_o parliament_n hold_v en_fw-fr temps_fw-fr de_fw-fr w._n conqueror_n à _fw-fr son_fw-fr parliament_n king_n william_n the_o second_o king_n william_n the_o first_o 1187._o be_v dead_a william_n his_o second_o son_n then_o live_v succeed_v he_o in_o the_o kingdom_n who_o design_v to_o prevent_v his_o elder_a brother_n robert_n of_o the_o crown_n find_v lanfranc_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n not_o altogether_o consent_v with_o he_o therein_o to_o the_o complete_n his_o desire_n and_o fear_v lest_o the_o delay_n of_o his_o consecration_n may_v prejudice_v his_o desire_a honour_n he_o begin_v by_o give_v large_a gift_n and_o reward_n to_o the_o people_n and_o as_o well_o by_o himself_o as_o all_o other_o who_o he_o can_v engage_v fide_fw-la sacramentoque_fw-la lanfranco_n promittere_fw-la by_o his_o faith_n and_o oath_n to_o promise_v unto_o lanfranc_n si_fw-mi rex_fw-la foret_fw-la justitiam_fw-la aequitatem_fw-la &_o misericordiam_fw-la se_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la in_fw-la omni_fw-la negotio_fw-la servaturum_fw-la he_o will_v in_o all_o action_n observe_v and_o keep_v justice_n equity_n and_o mercy_n through_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n that_o he_o will_v defend_v the_o peace_n liberty_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o church_n against_o all_o man_n and_o also_o that_o he_o will_v in_o and_o through_o all_o thing_n obey_v the_o precept_n and_o counsel_n of_o the_o arch-prelate_n thereupon_o in_o regem_fw-la ãâ¦ã_z eligitur_fw-la &_o consecratur_fw-la but_o not_o long_o after_o odo_n 264._o bishop_n of_o baiox_n earl_n of_o kent_n geffrey_n bishop_n of_o constance_n robert_z earl_n of_o morton_n roger_n earl_n of_o shrewsbury_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o all_o the_o norman_a prelate_n and_o nobility_n in_o england_n enter_v into_o a_o conspiracy_n to_o make_v robert_n king_n and_o to_o deliver_v king_n william_n to_o his_o brother_n alive_a or_o dead_a and_o thereupon_o they_o take_v arm_n the_o king_n hear_v these_o thing_n and_o foresee_v his_o inevitable_a ruin_n if_o the_o english_a power_n do_v not_o preserve_v he_o cause_v the_o english_a to_o be_v assemble_v together_o and_o show_v they_o the_o treason_n of_o the_o norman_n and_o entreat_v and_o beg_v they_o to_o help_v and_o defend_v he_o upon_o this_o condition_n that_o if_o they_o will_v be_v faithful_a to_o he_o in_o that_o his_o necessity_n and_o distress_n he_o will_v grant_v they_o better_a law_n which_o they_o shall_v choose_v and_o will_v forbid_v or_o interdict_v all_o unjust_a scot_n tax_n or_o tallage_n and_o grant_v to_o all_o person_n their_o wood_n and_o hunting_n upon_o which_o assurance_n and_o promise_v the_o english_a do_v faithful_o assist_v he_o and_o by_o their_o power_n valiant_o overthrow_v the_o norman_n and_o preserve_v and_o fix_v the_o crown_n upon_o william_n head_n but_o whatsoever_o he_o promise_v he_o keep_v but_o a_o short_a time_n the_o word_n of_o the_o author_n be_v his_o auditis_fw-la rex_fw-la fecit_fw-la b._n congregari_fw-la anglos_n &_o ostendit_fw-la eye_v traditionem_fw-la normannorum_fw-la &_o rogavit_fw-la ut_fw-la sibi_fw-la auxilio_fw-la essent_fw-la eo_fw-la tenore_fw-la ut_fw-la si_fw-la in_o hac_fw-la necessitate_v sibi_fw-la fideles_fw-la existerent_fw-la meliorem_fw-la legem_fw-la quam_fw-la vellent_fw-la eligere_fw-la eye_n concederet_fw-la &_o omnem_fw-la injustum_fw-la scottâm_fw-la interdixit_fw-la &_o concessit_fw-la omnibus_fw-la sylvas_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o venationem_fw-la sed_fw-la quicquid_fw-la promisit_fw-la parvo_fw-la tempore_fw-la custodivit_fw-la angli_fw-la tunc_fw-la fideliter_fw-la eum_fw-la juvabant_fw-la 1._o it_o be_v therefore_o evident_a from_o hence_o that_o william_n the_o second_o do_v not_o claim_v the_o crown_n jure_fw-la gladii_fw-la by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o sword_n nor_o do_v he_o affirm_v that_o he_o have_v a_o despotical_a right_a to_o make_v or_o change_v law_n ad_fw-la libitum_fw-la suum_fw-la sine_fw-la assensu_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o parliament_n and_o it_o be_v a_o great_a observation_n to_o i_o that_o from_o the_o pretend_a conquest_n to_o this_o day_n i_o never_o read_v of_o any_o king_n of_o england_n that_o declare_v and_o public_o own_v any_o such_o prerogative_n or_o right_n but_o only_o that_o miserable_a and_o unfortunate_a prince_n richard_n the_o second_o which_o the_o parliament_n roll_v thus_o express_v item_n idem_fw-la rex_fw-la nolens_fw-la justas_fw-la leges_fw-la 1â_n &_o consuetudines_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la seruare_fw-la seu_fw-la protegere_fw-la sed_fw-la secundum_fw-la suae_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la voluntatis_fw-la facere_fw-la quicquid_fw-la desideriis_fw-la ejus_fw-la occurreret_fw-la quandoque_fw-la &_o frequentius_fw-la quando_fw-la sibi_fw-la expositae_fw-la &_o declaratae_fw-la fuerant_fw-la leges_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la per_fw-la justiciarios_fw-la &_o alios_fw-la de_fw-la concilio_n svo_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la leges_fw-la illas_fw-la petentibus_fw-la justitiam_fw-la exhiberet_fw-la dixit_fw-la express_v vultu_fw-la austero_fw-la &_o protervo_fw-la quod_fw-la leges_fw-la suae_fw-la erant_fw-la in_o ore_fw-la svo_fw-la &_o aliquotiens_fw-la in_o pectore_fw-la svo_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la ipse_fw-la solus_fw-la possit_fw-la mutare_fw-la &_o condere_fw-la leges_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la &_o opinion_n illa_fw-la seductus_fw-la quampluribus_fw-la de_fw-la ligeis_n suis_fw-la justitiam_fw-la fieri_fw-la non_fw-la permisit_fw-la sed_fw-la per_fw-la minas_fw-la &_o terrores_fw-la quamplures_fw-la à _fw-la prosecutione_n communis_fw-la justitiae_fw-la cessare_fw-la coegit_fw-la but_o far_o different_a be_v the_o sentiment_n and_o judgement_n of_o his_o grandfather_n great_a edward_n the_o three_o who_o tell_v we_o because_o that_o by_o divers_a complaint_n 137._o make_v to_o we_o we_o have_v perceive_v that_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n which_o we_o by_o our_o oath_n be_v bind_v to_o maintain_v be_v the_o less_o well_o keep_v and_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o same_o disturb_a many_o time_n by_o maintenance_n and_o procurement_n as_o well_o in_o the_o court_n as_o in_o the_o country_n we_o great_o move_v of_o conscience_n in_o this_o matter_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n desire_v as_o much_o for_o the_o pleasure_n of_o god_n and_o ease_n and_o quietness_n of_o our_o subject_n as_o to_o our_o conscience_n and_o for_o to_o save_v and_o keep_v our_o say_a oath_n we_o have_v ordain_v etc._n etc._n and_o wise_a king_n james_n 1157._o say_v that_o not_o only_o the_o royal_a prerogative_n but_o the_o people_n security_n of_o land_n live_n and_o privilege_n be_v preserve_v and_o maintain_v by_o the_o ancient_a fundamental_a law_n privilege_n and_o custom_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o that_o by_o the_o abolish_n or_o alter_v of_o they_o it_o be_v impossible_a but_o that_o present_a confusion_n will_v fall_v upon_o the_o whole_a state_n and_o frame_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o his_o late_a majesty_n of_o 29._o ever_o bless_a memory_n be_v of_o the_o same_o mind_n and_o opinion_n when_o he_o say_v the_o law_n be_v the_o inheritance_n of_o every_o subject_a and_o the_o only_a security_n he_o can_v have_v for_o his_o life_n or_o estate_n and_o the_o which_o be_v neglect_v or_o dis-esteemed_n under_o what_o specious_a show_n soever_o a_o great_a measure_n of_o infelicity_n if_o not_o a_o irreparable_a confusion_n must_v without_o doubt_n fall_v upon_o they_o henry_n the_o first_o after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n 14._o william_n the_o magnates_fw-la angliae_fw-la not_o know_v what_o be_v become_v of_o robert_n duke_n of_o normandy_n elder_a brother_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n the_o say_a duke_n have_v be_v absent_a for_o five_o year_n in_o a_o voyage_n to_o the_o holy_a land_n be_v afraid_a to_o be_v long_o without_o a_o king_n which_o henricus_n fratrum_fw-la vltimus_fw-la &_o juvenis_fw-la sapientissimus_fw-la cum_fw-la callide_fw-la cognovisset_fw-la congregato_fw-la londoniis_fw-la clero_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la universo_fw-it promisit_fw-la emendationem_fw-la legum_fw-la quibus_fw-la oppressa_fw-la fuit_fw-la anglia_fw-it tempore_fw-la patris_fw-la svi_fw-la &_o fratris_fw-la
make_v ecclesiastical_a law_n concern_v marriage_n etc._n etc._n and_o do_v other_o thing_n ad_fw-la concordiam_fw-la publicam_fw-la promovendam_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la &_o assensum_fw-la omnium_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o principum_fw-la procerum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la sapientum_fw-la seniorum_fw-la &_o populorum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la 3._o and_o we_o read_v elsewhere_o 1._o that_o the_o grand_a league_n and_o union_n between_o the_o briton_n saxon_n and_o pict_n be_v conclude_v and_o confirm_v per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la &_o assensum_fw-la omnium_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la procerum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la sapientum_fw-la seniorum_fw-la &_o populorum_fw-la &_o per_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la regis_fw-la inae_fw-la 4._o anno_fw-la dom._n 905._o plegmundus_n 75._o cantuar._n archiepiscopus_fw-la unacum_fw-la rege_fw-la magnifico_n cognominato_fw-la edwardo_n seniore_fw-la concilium_fw-la magnum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la fidelium_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o populorum_fw-la in_o provincia_n gewisorum_n in_o illa_fw-la parte_fw-la angliae_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o plaga_fw-la australi_fw-la sita_fw-la est_fw-la fluminis_fw-la thamesis_n convocant_fw-la etc._n etc._n unde_fw-la salubriter_fw-la constitutum_fw-la est_fw-la in_o hac_fw-la synodo_fw-la ut_fw-la ãâã_d pro_fw-la duobus_fw-la episcopis_fw-la quorum_fw-la unus_fw-la wintoniae_fw-la alter_fw-la sireburniae_fw-la sedem_fw-la habuit_fw-la quinque_fw-la crearentur_fw-la antistites_fw-la ne_fw-la grex_fw-la domini_fw-la pastorum_fw-la cura_fw-la orbatus_fw-la luporum_fw-la lanienae_fw-la &_o voracitati_fw-la subjicerentur_fw-la and_o there_o be_v several_a other_o law_n then_o make_v william_n of_o malmsbury_n 24._o express_v the_o saxon_a wittena_n gemott_n thus_o generalis_fw-la senatus_n &_o populi_n conventus_fw-la &_o edictum_fw-la sir_n henry_n spelman_n convenere_fw-la 261._o regni_fw-la principes_fw-la tam_fw-la episcopi_fw-la quam_fw-la magistratus_fw-la liberique_fw-la homines_fw-la consulitur_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la salute_n the_o pace_n &_o bello_fw-la &_o de_fw-la utilitate_fw-la publica_fw-la promovenda_fw-la camden_n thus_o quod_fw-la saxones_n 63._o olim_fw-la wittena_n gemot_n nos_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la &_o pananglicum_fw-la recte_fw-la dici_fw-la possit_fw-la summamque_fw-la &_o sacrosanctam_fw-la authoritatem_fw-la habet_fw-la in_o legibus_fw-la ferendis_fw-la confirmandis_fw-la antiquandis_fw-la interpretandis_fw-la &_o in_fw-la omnibus_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la reipublicae_fw-la salutem_fw-la spectant_fw-la and_o so_o we_o find_v edward_n the_o confessor_n reform_v and_o confirm_v the_o ancient_a saxon_a law_n and_o make_v new_a one_o and_o that_o do_v à _fw-la rege_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o 139._o populo_fw-la as_o particular_o in_o the_o law_n de_fw-fr apibus_fw-la how_o tithe_n ought_v to_o be_v pay_v of_o they_o and_o other_o thing_n hence_o it_o be_v apparent_a and_o past_a all_o contradiction_n that_o the_o commons_o in_o those_o age_n be_v a_o essential_a part_n of_o the_o legislative_a power_n in_o make_v and_o ordain_v law_n by_o which_o themselves_o and_o their_o posterity_n be_v to_o be_v govern_v and_o that_o 237._o the_o law_n be_v then_o the_o golden_a metwand_n and_o rule_n which_o measure_v out_o and_o allow_v the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o when_o obstruct_v or_o deny_v to_o either_o make_v the_o kingdom_n deform_v and_o leprous_a that_o great_a monarch_n aethelstan_n in_o his_o prologue_n to_o his_o law_n make_v per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la thus_o declare_v and_o admit_v ea_fw-la mihi_fw-la vos_fw-la tantummodo_fw-la 841._o comparatis_fw-la velim_fw-la quae_fw-la just_a ac_fw-la legitime_fw-la parare_fw-la possitis_fw-la neque_fw-la enim_fw-la mihi_fw-la ad_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la usum_fw-la quicquam_fw-la injust_a acquiri_fw-la cupiverim_fw-la etenim_fw-la cum_fw-la ea_fw-la ego_fw-la vobis_fw-la lege_fw-la vestra_fw-la omne_fw-la benign_a largitus_fw-la sim_fw-la ut_fw-la mea_fw-la mihi_fw-la vos_fw-la itidem_fw-la concedatis_fw-la i_o have_v pass_v over_o the_o danish_a government_n because_o i_o do_v not_o find_v that_o there_o be_v any_o great_a mutation_n either_o of_o the_o council_n or_o law_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n it_o be_v true_a king_n knute_n obtain_v the_o diadem_n or_o dominion_n of_o england_n but_o it_o be_v as_o true_a he_o do_v not_o govern_v more_fw-mi victoris_fw-la as_o may_v evident_o be_v prove_v 1._o from_o ãâã_d the_o form_n of_o pen_v his_o law_n they_o be_v ordain_v and_o confirm_v cum_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o decreto_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la comitum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la omnium_fw-la fidelium_fw-la word_n of_o a_o large_a comprehension_n 2._o from_o his_o general_a law_n or_o declaration_n of_o right_a to_o the_o english_a thus_o deliver_v to_o we_o by_o a_o faithful_a historian_n william_n of_o 16._o malmesbury_n who_o live_v near_o those_o time_n obtestor_n &_o praecipio_fw-la meis_fw-la consiliariis_fw-la quibus_fw-la regni_fw-la consilia_fw-la credidi_fw-la ne_fw-la ullo_fw-la modo_fw-la aut_fw-la propter_fw-la meum_fw-la timorem_fw-la aut_fw-la alicujus_fw-la potentis_fw-la personae_fw-la favorem_fw-la aliquam_fw-la injustitiam_fw-la amodò_fw-la consentiant_fw-la vel_fw-la faciant_fw-la pullulare_fw-la in_o omni_fw-la regno_fw-la meo_fw-la praecipio_fw-la etiam_fw-la omnibus_fw-la vicecomitibus_fw-la &_o praepositis_fw-la universis_fw-la regni_fw-la mei_fw-la sicut_fw-la meam_fw-la volunt_fw-la habere_fw-la amicitiam_fw-la aut_fw-la svam_fw-la salutem_fw-la ut_fw-la nulli_fw-la homini_fw-la nec_fw-la diviti_fw-la vel_fw-la pauperi_fw-la vim_o injustam_fw-la inferant_fw-la sed_fw-la omnibus_fw-la tam_fw-la nobilibus_fw-la quam_fw-la ignobilibus_fw-la sit_fw-la fas_fw-la justa_fw-la lege_fw-la potiundi_fw-la à _fw-la qua_fw-la nec_fw-la propter_fw-la favorem_fw-la regium_fw-la nec_fw-la propter_fw-la alicujus_fw-la potentis_fw-la personam_fw-la nec_fw-la propter_fw-la mihi_fw-la congerendam_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la ullo_fw-la modo_fw-la deviant_fw-la quia_fw-la nulla_fw-la mihi_fw-la necessitas_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la iniqua_fw-la exactione_n pecunia_fw-la mihi_fw-la congeratur_fw-la after_o which_o the_o historian_n say_v omnes_fw-la 21._o enim_fw-la leges_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquis_fw-la regibus_fw-la &_o maxim_n ab_fw-la antecessore_fw-la svo_fw-la ethelredo_fw-la latas_fw-la sub_fw-la interminatione_fw-la regiae_n mulctae_fw-la perpetuis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la observari_fw-la praecepit_fw-la in_fw-la quarum_fw-la custodia_fw-la etiam_fw-la nunc_fw-la tempore_fw-la bonorum_fw-la sub_fw-la nomine_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la juratur_fw-la non_fw-la quod_fw-la ille_fw-la statuerit_fw-la sed_fw-la quod_fw-la observaverit_fw-la 3._o under_o the_o norman_n king_n william_n the_o first_o though_o william_n the_o conqueror_n get_v the_o imperial_a crown_n of_o england_n and_o introduce_v several_a arbitrary_a law_n as_o new_a tenor_n etc._n etc._n yet_o do_v he_o never_o make_v such_o a_o absolute_a conquest_n nor_o do_v the_o kingdom_n receive_v so_o universal_a a_o change_n as_o our_o english_a modern_a author_n as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o general_a confederacy_n without_o examination_n of_o truth_n have_v publish_v to_o the_o world_n who_o father_n upon_o this_o revolution_n all_o the_o alteration_n which_o their_o conceit_n or_o fancy_n can_v imagine_v and_o suppose_v thucydides_n 1._o say_v man_n receive_v the_o report_n of_o thing_n though_o of_o their_o own_o country_n if_o do_v before_o their_o time_n all_o alike_o from_o one_o as_o from_o another_o without_o any_o examination_n in_o like_a manner_n have_v those_o our_o historian_n be_v mistake_v by_o transcribe_v and_o patch_v out_o their_o history_n one_o from_o another_o so_o that_o in_o conclusion_n with_o their_o own_o addition_n or_o comment_n truth_n in_o many_o thing_n be_v utter_o lose_v 1._o the_o word_n conquestor_n or_o conqueror_n do_v not_o in_o that_o age_n import_n or_o signify_v what_o our_o late_a author_n by_o flattery_n have_v since_o make_v it_o nor_o do_v it_o carry_v with_o it_o the_o enslave_v of_o the_o nation_n after_o that_o william_n have_v obtain_v the_o victory_n against_o harold_n there_o be_v no_o more_o in_o the_o denomination_n of_o conqueror_n than_o that_o after_o william_n have_v make_v claim_n to_o the_o crown_n from_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o harold_n oppose_v he_o he_o be_v force_v to_o get_v his_o right_n by_o battle_n against_o king_n harold_n and_o as_o to_o the_o word_n conquestus_fw-la or_o conquest_n mat._n paris_n write_v ãâã_d rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la ex_fw-la conquestu_fw-la dicitur_fw-la tamen_fw-la quod_fw-la beatus_fw-la edwardus_fw-la eo_fw-la quod_fw-la haerede_fw-la caruit_fw-la regnum_fw-la legavit_fw-la willielmo_n bastardo_fw-la duci_fw-la normannorum_fw-la sir_n henry_n spelman_n ãâ¦ã_z in_o his_o glossary_n say_v willielmus_fw-la primus_fw-la conquestor_fw-la dicitur_fw-la quia_fw-la angliam_fw-la conquisivit_fw-la i._n e._n acquisivit_fw-la purchase_v non_fw-la quod_fw-la subegit_fw-la and_o sir_n john_n skene_n clerk_n of_o the_o register_n council_n and_o roll_n to_o king_n james_n in_o scotland_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr verborum_fw-la significatione_n pag._n 39_o write_v conquestus_fw-la signify_v land_n quhilk_n any_o person_n acquiris_fw-la and_o possessis_fw-la privato_fw-la jure_fw-la vel_fw-la singulari_fw-la titulo_fw-la vel_fw-la donatione_fw-la vel_fw-la singulari_fw-la aliquo_fw-la contractu_fw-la and_o therefore_o the_o learned_a knight_n sir_n roger_n twiâden_n who_o well_o understand_v the_o force_n of_o the_o word_n conquestus_fw-la in_o his_o preface_n before_o that_o king_n law_n say_v non_fw-la existimo_fw-la lamberdum_fw-la willielmum_fw-la primum_fw-la de_fw-la omnium_fw-la anglorum_fw-la terris_fw-la ad_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la svam_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la libitu_fw-la in_o
ove_fw-la tout_fw-fr lour_v puissance_n the_o observation_n i_o shall_v make_v from_o this_o great_a judgement_n shall_v be_v two_o 1._o that_o above_o 300._o year_n ago_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o scruple_n or_o fancy_n that_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n 552._o of_o which_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v then_o undoubted_o a_o part_n ought_v not_o and_o be_v not_o to_o be_v present_a in_o the_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o parliament_n of_o king_n john_n reign_n and_o to_o have_v assent_v to_o that_o king_n resignation_n an._n 14._o to_o make_v it_o legal_a and_o valid_a as_o well_o as_o the_o prelate_n earl_n and_o baron_n 2._o if_o the_o commons_o have_v never_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o parliament_n before_o 49_o h._n 3._o but_o that_o the_o king_n and_o great_a lord_n only_o make_v law_n and_o have_v a_o inherent_a power_n as_o some_o of_o our_o modern_a writer_n say_v to_o tax_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n de_fw-fr alto_fw-mi &_o basso_n ad_fw-la libitum_fw-la suum_fw-la jure_fw-la repraesentationis_fw-la sure_o they_o will_v not_o have_v leave_v record_v to_o posterity_n so_o great_a a_o testimonial_a of_o the_o antiquity_n and_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n than_o so_o distinguish_v from_o the_o great_a lord_n as_o be_v express_v in_o the_o roll_n may_v it_o not_o then_o be_v admit_v they_o speak_v nothing_o but_o what_o be_v a_o undisputable_a truth_n in_o diebus_fw-la illis_fw-la unless_o we_o must_v believe_v that_o the_o great_a and_o learned_a author_n of_o this_o age_n better_o understand_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o communia_fw-la concilia_fw-la or_o parliament_n of_o king_n john_n time_n and_o so_o upward_o above_o 460._o year_n since_o than_o the_o whole_a parliament_n of_o 40_o e._n 3._o the_o parliament_n of_o their_o grandfather_n time_n as_o be_v the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n and_o indeed_o this_o famous_a resolution_n be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o declaration_n of_o the_o ancient_a common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n before_o the_o norman_a duke_n gain_v the_o imperial_a crown_n of_o england_n as_o appear_v by_o king_n harold_n answer_n to_o his_o ambassador_n require_v the_o performance_n of_o the_o king_n oath_n to_o take_v the_o duke_n daughter_n to_o wife_n and_o to_o preserve_v the_o crown_n for_o he_o de_fw-fr regno_fw-la addebat_fw-la praesumptuosum_fw-la fuisse_fw-la quod_fw-la absque_fw-la generali_fw-la senatus_n &_o populi_fw-la conventu_fw-la &_o edicto_fw-la alienam_fw-la illi_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la juraverit_fw-la which_o be_v record_v by_o william_n of_o malmsbury_n lib._n 3._o p._n 56._o l._n 24._o in_o vita_fw-la williemi_fw-fr i._n a_o author_n without_o all_o exception_n who_o flourish_v in_o the_o time_n of_o h._n 1._o and_o therefore_o can_v not_o be_v ignorant_a where_fw-mi and_o in_o who_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o england_n do_v reside_v there_o be_v but_o 33._o year_n from_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_a duke_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o that_o king_n and_o of_o this_o historian_n the_o learned_a balaeus_n give_v this_o eulogium_fw-la vir_fw-la erat_fw-la svo_fw-la seculo_fw-la in_o omni_fw-la genere_fw-la bonarum_fw-la literarum_fw-la plene_fw-la eruditissimus_fw-la &_o in_o eruendis_fw-la antiquitatibus_fw-la ingenio_fw-la diligentia_fw-la &_o industria_fw-la singularis_fw-la angliae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la nationis_fw-la studosissimus_fw-la illustrator_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o arthur_n duke_n of_o bretaign_n the_o annal_n of_o england_n tell_v we_o that_o king_n john_n be_v summon_v by_o the_o french_a king_n as_o duke_z of_o normandy_n to_o appear_v at_o his_o court_n and_o judicial_o to_o answer_v the_o pretend_a murder_n of_o arthur_n his_o nephew_n whereupon_o the_o bishop_n of_o ely_n and_o hubert_z de_fw-fr burgo_n after_o earl_n of_o kent_n and_o chief_a justice_n of_o england_n nuntii_fw-la solemne_n &_o prudentes_fw-la be_v send_v to_o the_o french_a king_n to_o who_o the_o bishop_n thus_o speak_v domine_fw-la 284._o rex_fw-la non_fw-la possit_fw-la dux_n normanniae_fw-la ad_fw-la curiam_fw-la vestram_fw-la venire_fw-la nisi_fw-la veniret_fw-la 61._o rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la cum_fw-la una_fw-la persona_fw-la sint_fw-la dux_n &_o rex_n quod_fw-la non_fw-la permitteret_fw-la aliquo_fw-la modo_fw-la baronagium_fw-la angliae_fw-la etsi_fw-la ipse_fw-la rex_fw-la hoc_fw-la vellet_fw-la so_o careful_a be_v the_o baronage_n or_o parliament_n to_o preserve_v the_o ancient_a right_n safety_n and_o honour_n of_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n an._n 3_o joh._n before_o any_o difference_n happen_v between_o he_o and_o his_o subject_n anno_fw-la 29_o e._n 1._o the_o king_n send_v ambassador_n 1._o to_o the_o french_a king_n ut_fw-la quid_fw-la de_fw-la truga_fw-la de_fw-fr guerra_fw-mi &_o the_o pace_n deliberasset_fw-la nunciaret_fw-la and_o be_v answer_v se_fw-la non_fw-la posse_fw-la sine_fw-la duodecim_fw-la paribus_fw-la qui_fw-la occupati_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la circa_fw-la novam_fw-la guerram_fw-la tam_fw-la ardua_fw-la tractare_fw-la but_o that_o he_o expect_v their_o come_n in_o fifteen_o day_n quo_fw-la tempore_fw-la transacto_fw-la ipsis_fw-la consentientibus_fw-la they_o declare_v that_o they_o can_v not_o determine_v thereof_o inconsultis_fw-la secum_fw-la scotis_n whereupon_o those_o ambassador_n return_v igitur_fw-la convocato_fw-la parliamento_fw-la londoniis_fw-la recitatisque_fw-la frustratoriis_fw-la dilationibus_fw-la &_o falsis_fw-la machinationibus_fw-la praedictorum_fw-la ambassador_n be_v again_o send_v and_o receive_v this_o answer_n quod_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la adveniret_fw-la faciemus_fw-la personaliter_fw-la &_o inter_fw-la duos_fw-la reges_fw-la de_fw-la optima_fw-la pace_fw-la conveniretur_fw-la whereupon_o the_o king_n of_o england_n aliud_fw-la habuit_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la in_fw-la quo_fw-la talia_fw-la recitata_fw-la displicuerunt_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la concilio_n or_o parliament_n definitum_fw-la est_fw-la regem_fw-la pro_fw-la aliquo_fw-la mandato_fw-la vel_fw-la suggestionibus_fw-la ab_fw-la anglia_fw-it egredi_fw-la non_fw-la debere_fw-la from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v the_o reader_n may_v easy_o observe_v 1._o that_o the_o weighty_a and_o great_a affair_n which_o concern_v the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n both_o in_o the_o saxon_n time_n and_o after_o be_v by_o a_o fundamental_a principle_n and_o law_n of_o the_o nation_n to_o be_v consult_v of_o and_o resolve_v in_o the_o communia_fw-la concilia_fw-la or_o parliament_n and_o that_o no_o particular_a person_n or_o order_n of_o man_n do_v take_v upon_o they_o such_o power_n sine_fw-la consensu_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o this_o h._n 3._o and_o his_o council_n well_o know_v when_o he_o tell_v otto_n the_o pope_n nuntio_n quod_fw-la solus_fw-la non_fw-la potuit_fw-la definire_fw-la nec_fw-la 3._o debuit_fw-la negotium_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la cleriâos_fw-la &_o laiâos_fw-la generaliter_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la tangebat_fw-la which_o e._n 1_o and_o his_o council_n in_o the_o 23_o the_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n thus_o confirm_v quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la tangit_fw-la ab_fw-la omnibus_fw-la dorso_fw-la approbetur_fw-la 2._o that_o the_o generalis_fw-la senatus_n &_o populi_n conventus_fw-la &_o edictum_fw-la or_o saxon_a wittena_n gemott_n the_o baronagium_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o king_n john_n time_n and_o the_o concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o parliamentum_fw-la in_o the_o reign_n of_o e._n 1._o be_v verba_fw-la synonyma_fw-la differ_v in_o phrase_n but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o assembly_n in_o substance_n the_o four_o argument_n from_o several_a record_n inter_fw-la alia_fw-la de_fw-la annis_n 28_o 32_o 3â_n 42_o &_o 48_o h._n 3._o mention_v parliament_n then_o hold_v and_o their_o proceed_n in_o some_o of_o which_o ãâ¦ã_z the_o word_n commons_o be_v express_o mention_v as_o well_o as_o the_o prelate_n &_o magnate_n to_o be_v part_n of_o those_o parliament_n the_o general_a council_n at_o runningmead_n ãâã_d hold_v 17_o jââ_n be_v 29._o year_n after_o and_o 20._o year_n before_o 49_o h._n 3._o call_v parliamentum_fw-la de_fw-mi runeme_v memorandum_n quod_fw-la in_o parliamento_fw-la a_o ãâ¦ã_z die_v pasch._n in_o tres_fw-la septimanas_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la regis_fw-la h._n 3._o 28._o london_n celebrato_fw-la negotium_fw-la crucis_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it una_fw-la cum_fw-la collectione_n decimae_fw-la benefiââârum_fw-la ecclesiasââcorum_fw-la domino_fw-la regi_fw-la in_o subsidium_fw-la terrae_fw-la sanctae_fw-la à _fw-la sede_fw-la apostolica_fw-la deputat_fw-la be_v treat_v of_o a_o utlary_n against_o william_n de_fw-fr dorso_fw-la hastingcott_n be_v reverse_v and_o he_o restore_v to_o all_o he_o have_v lose_v thereby_o and_o this_o do_v coram_fw-la rege_fw-la &_o toto_fw-la parliamento_fw-la inter_fw-la communia_fw-la hilar._n 17_o e._n 3._o ãâã_d penes_fw-la rememoratorem_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la in_o scaccario_fw-la it_o appear_v in_o a_o plea_n between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o prior_n of_o coventry_n that_o 29_o &_o 32_o h._n 3._o quaedam_fw-la subsidia_fw-la per_fw-la magnates_fw-la &_o communitatem_fw-la regni_fw-la spontanea_fw-la &_o mera_fw-fr voluntate_fw-la regi_fw-la concessa_fw-la or_o as_o bracton_n phrase_v 37._o it_o exit_fw-la consensu_fw-la communi_fw-la totius_fw-la regui_fw-la be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o with_o magnates_n &_o communitas_fw-la towards_o the_o marry_n of_o the_o king_n elder_a daughter_n and_o also_o the_o king_n sister_n to_o frederick_n the_o emperor_n which_o be_v do_v in_o parliament_n for_o the_o
qui_fw-la inter_fw-la alios_fw-la principes_fw-la orbis_fw-la terrae_fw-la catholicum_fw-la se_fw-la exhibet_fw-la &_o romanae_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la devotum_fw-la jura_fw-la sua_fw-la &_o libertates_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la &_o leges_fw-la praedictas_fw-la absque_fw-la diminutione_n &_o inquietudine_fw-la pacifice_fw-la possidere_fw-la ac_fw-la illibata_fw-la persistere_fw-la benignius_fw-la permittatis_fw-la in_o cujus_fw-la rei_fw-la testimonium_fw-la sigilla_fw-la tam_fw-la pro_fw-la nobis_fw-la quam_fw-la pro_fw-la tota_fw-la communitate_fw-la praedicti_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la praesentibus_fw-la sunt_fw-la appensa_fw-la datis_n &_o act_n lincolniae_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1301._o 2._o the_o second_o be_v the_o letter_n to_o 22._o the_o pope_n make_v at_o the_o parliament_n 17_o e._n 3._o touch_v provision_n quod_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la regni_fw-la pati_fw-la noluit_fw-la etc._n etc._n thus_o translate_v whereby_o the_o phrase_n nobilitas_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o the_o historian_n will_v be_v explain_v to_o the_o most_o holy_a father_n in_o ãâ¦ã_z god_n lord_n clement_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n of_o the_o holy_a church_n of_o rome_n and_o of_o the_o universal_a church_n chief_a and_o high_a bishop_n his_o humble_a and_o devout_a child_n the_o prince_n duke_n earls_z baron_n knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o all_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n assemble_v at_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o westm._n the_o 15_o the_o day_n of_o ãâ¦ã_z may_v last_v past_a etc._n etc._n in_o witness_v whereof_o we_o have_v hereunto_o set_v our_o seal_n give_v in_o the_o full_a parliament_n at_o westm._n on_o the_o eighteen_o day_n of_o may_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1343._o and_o indeed_o the_o commons_o be_v ãâ¦ã_z so_o high_o incense_v that_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o this_o year_n tell_v we_o that_o la_fw-fr dite_fw-fr commune_fw-la ne_fw-fr le_fw-fr poet_n ne_fw-fr le_fw-fr ãâ¦ã_z t_o plus_fw-la endurere_fw-la those_o strange_a oppression_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o provisor_n so_o that_o the_o parliament_n of_o 24_o h._n 8._o after_o great_a debate_n and_o consideration_n and_o a_o diligent_a search_n and_o inspection_n of_o the_o ancient_a record_n of_o the_o kingdom_n do_v ground_n their_o statute_n among_o other_o upon_o these_o great_a authority_n the_o statute_n say_v whereas_o the_o king_n his_o most_o noble_a progenitor_n and_o the_o nobility_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o say_a realm_n at_o divers_a and_o sundry_a parliament_n as_o well_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edw._n 1._o ãâã_d 3._o r._n 2._o h._n 4._o and_o other_o noble_a ãâã_d of_o this_o realm_n make_v sundââ_n or_o ãâ¦ã_z s_o law_n statute_n and_o p_o ãâ¦ã_z for_o the_o entire_a and_o sure_o ãâ¦ã_z tion_n of_o the_o prerogative_n lib_fw-la ãâ¦ã_z and_o preeminence_n of_o the_o ãâ¦ã_z ãâã_d imperial_a crown_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o of_o the_o jurisdiction_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a of_o the_o same_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o the_o annoyance_n as_o well_o of_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n as_o from_o the_o authority_n of_o other_o foreign_a potentate_n attempt_v the_o diminution_n and_o violation_n thereof_o as_o often_o and_o from_o time_n to_o time_n as_o any_o such_o annoyance_n or_o attempt_n may_v be_v know_v or_o espy_v pulton_n stat._n 24_o h._n 8._o c._n 12._o but_o to_o conclude_v the_o point_n of_o the_o various_a lection_n certain_o the_o different_a and_o great_a variety_n of_o word_n and_o phrase_n by_o which_o both_o the_o ancient_a historian_n and_o record_n have_v in_o their_o several_a age_n and_o time_n express_v and_o denote_v the_o communia_fw-la concilia_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o parliament_n as_o now_o call_v and_o their_o constituent_a part_n be_v not_o well_o observe_v and_o consider_v by_o most_o of_o our_o late_a english_a author_n who_o understand_v they_o as_o if_o they_o have_v signify_v what_o afterward_o they_o do_v and_o now_o do_v have_v impose_v on_o our_o historical_a 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regni_fw-la or_o parliament_n before_o 49_o h._n 3._o perlege_fw-la quae_fw-la regni_fw-la clarissima_fw-la conciliorum_fw-la sunt_fw-la monumenta_fw-la aliter_fw-la nil_fw-la praeter_fw-la somnia_fw-la cernis_fw-la appendix_n after_o i_o have_v complete_v the_o forego_n argument_n a_o material_a objection_n be_v by_o some_o of_o my_o friend_n offer_v i_o which_o if_o not_o clear_v in_o this_o discourse_n might_n in_o their_o judgement_n give_v a_o colour_n and_o pretence_n for_o a_o belief_n of_o a_o opinion_n which_o be_v this_o that_o the_o commons_o or_o people_n of_o objection_n england_n be_v from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o norman_a conquest_n represent_v by_o such_o as_o hold_v of_o thâ_n k_n ãâ¦ã_z ãâã_d capite_fw-la until_o 49_o h._n 3._o and_o ãâã_d by_o two_o ãâã_d for_o each_o county_n and_o certain_a burgess_n for_o several_a burrough_n and_o baron_n for_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n have_v before_o lay_v down_o a_o clear_a solution_n and_o plain_a distinction_n between_o barones_n regis_fw-la and_o barones_n regni_n i_o shall_v therefore_o now_o distinguish_v upon_o the_o phrase_n milites_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la revenue_n 1._o milites_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tenântes_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la distinction_n rege_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la 2._o milites_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la distinction_n the_o first_o distinction_n i_o thus_o prove_v rot._n pal._n 2._o johannis_n m._n 9_o rex_fw-la dilecâis_fw-la distinction_n &_o fidelibus_fw-la ãâ¦ã_z s_o baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la eo_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_fw-la he_o ãâ¦ã_z rnia_fw-la rot._n claus._n 19_o h._n 3._o m._n 7._o 8._o dorso_fw-la reâ_n ãâã_d ãâã_d sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la ar_n ãâ¦ã_z ãâã_d aâbaâes_n priores_fw-la c_o ãâ¦ã_z ãâã_d ãâã_d omââs_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-fr regno_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobiââânent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la spontanea_fw-la ãâã_d ãâã_d &_o ãâã_d consuetudine_fw-la con_v ãâ¦ã_z ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâ¦ã_z lium_o ad_fw-la magna_fw-la neââtia_fw-la ãâã_d eâpedienda_fw-la rot._n claus._n 26_o h_n 3._o m._n 7._o dorso_fw-la rex_fw-la ãâ¦ã_z omili_fw-la norhamptoniae_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la tââi_fw-la ãâã_d alius_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la quâd_fw-la ãâã_d facias_fw-la archiepi_fw-la ãâ¦ã_z
the_o ancient_a right_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n asserted_n or_o a_o discourse_n prove_v by_o record_n and_o the_o best_a historian_n that_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n be_v ever_o a_o essential_a part_n of_o parliament_n by_o william_n petyt_n of_o the_o inner-temple_n esq_n non_fw-la nulli_fw-la taedio_fw-la investigandae_fw-la veritatis_fw-la cullibet_fw-la opiniââ_n potius_fw-la ignaâi_fw-la succambunt_fw-la quam_fw-la explorandâ_fw-la veritati_fw-la pertinaci_fw-la diligentiâ_fw-la perseverare_fw-la volunt_fw-la min._n foelix_fw-la inter_fw-la âericula_fw-la veritatis_fw-la &_o libertatis_fw-la ãâã_d ãâã_d london_n print_v for_o f._n smith_n t._n bassett_n j._n wright_n r._n chiswell_n and_o s._n heyrick_n 1680._o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a arthur_n earl_n of_o essex_n viscount_n maldon_n baron_n capell_n of_o hadham_n lord_n lieutenant_n of_o the_o county_n of_o hertford_n one_o of_o his_o majesty_n most_o honourable_a privy-council_n and_o first_o lord_n 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be_v so_o eminent_a and_o so_o great_a a_o pillar_n as_o your_o honourable_a employment_n both_o at_o home_n and_o abroad_o do_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v i_o most_o humble_o beg_v your_o lordship_n pardon_v for_o my_o presumption_n in_o this_o dedication_n which_o fault_n i_o hope_v may_v be_v extenuate_v by_o the_o relation_n i_o have_v to_o your_o lordship_n in_o my_o profession_n and_o be_v deprive_v of_o other_o mean_n public_o to_o show_v my_o humble_a gratitude_n for_o the_o many_o favour_n your_o lordship_n have_v be_v please_v to_o confer_v upon_o my_o lord_n your_o lordship_n most_o humble_a most_o faithful_a and_o most_o obedient_a servant_n w._n petyt_n the_o preface_n my_o principal_a design_n in_o this_o follow_a discourse_n be_v impartial_o to_o vindicate_v the_o just_a honour_n of_o our_o english_a parliament_n from_o the_o calumny_n and_o reproach_n of_o some_o late_a author_n who_o have_v assert_v 1._o that_o a_o essential_a part_n of_o that_o great_a council_n viz._n the_o commons_o of_o england_n represent_v by_o the_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n in_o parliament_n be_v introduce_v and_o begin_v an._n 49_o h._n 3._o by_o rebellion_n 2._o that_o before_o that_o time_n the_o commons_o be_v never_o admit_v to_o have_v any_o vote_n or_o share_v in_o the_o make_n of_o law_n for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o to_o any_o communication_n in_o affair_n of_o state_n to_o discover_v and_o refute_v the_o unsoundness_n of_o the_o second_o position_n and_o that_o the_o contrary_n may_v appear_v to_o be_v true_a i_o shall_v before_o i_o come_v to_o answer_v the_o first_o consider_v the_o second_o and_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o during_o the_o british_a saxon_a and_o norman_a government_n the_o freeman_n or_o commons_o of_o england_n as_o now_o call_v and_o distinguish_v from_o the_o great_a lord_n be_v pars_fw-la essentialis_fw-la &_o constituens_fw-la a_o essential_a and_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o wittena_n gemot_n commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la baronagium_fw-la angliae_fw-la or_o parliament_n in_o those_o age_n 1._o under_o the_o british_a government_n the_o briton_n call_v their_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la or_o parliament_n kyfr-ythen_a 34._o then_o because_o their_o law_n be_v therein_o ordain_v and_o upon_o k._n lucius_n his_o letter_n to_o pope_n elutherius_n to_o send_v he_o the_o roman_a law_n the_o pope_n who_o can_v not_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o constitution_n and_o frame_n of_o the_o british_a polity_n write_v back_o to_o he_o habetis_fw-la penes_fw-la vos_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la ãâã_d utramque_fw-la paginam_fw-la ex_fw-la illis_fw-la dei_fw-la gratia_fw-la per_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la vestri_fw-la sum_n legem_fw-la &_o per_fw-la illam_fw-la dei_fw-la potentia_fw-la vestrum_fw-la rege_fw-la britanniae_fw-la regnum_fw-la but_o what_o their_o law_n and_o particular_a government_n be_v be_v very_o uncertain_a by_o reason_n that_o scripta_fw-la patriae_fw-la as_o gildas_n say_v scriptorumve_fw-la monumenta_fw-la si_fw-la quae_fw-la fuerint_fw-la aut_fw-la ignibus_fw-la hostium_fw-la exusta_fw-la aut_fw-la civium_fw-la exulum_fw-la class_n longius_fw-la deportata_fw-la non_fw-la comparent_fw-la the_o history_n of_o our_o country_n if_o there_o be_v any_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v be_v either_o burn_v by_o the_o enemy_n or_o carry_v beyond_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o banish_a briton_n yet_o this_o be_v certain_a and_o not_o to_o be_v deny_v that_o ãâã_d their_o elder_a time_n the_o people_n or_o freemen_n have_v a_o great_a share_n in_o their_o public_a council_n and_o government_n for_o dion_n cassius_n basiliae_fw-la or_o xipniline_n out_o of_o he_o in_o the_o life_n of_o severus_n assure_v we_o apud_fw-la hos_fw-la i._n e._n britannos_fw-la populus_fw-la magna_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la principatum_fw-la tenet_fw-la 2._o under_o the_o saxon_a government_n it_o can_v be_v doubt_v but_o that_o the_o saxon_n who_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o british_a nation_n bring_v with_o they_o their_o country_n law_n and_o government_n and_o that_o the_o commons_o be_v a_o essential_a and_o constituent_a part_n of_o their_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la tacitus_n tell_v we_o de_fw-fr minoribus_fw-la rebus_fw-la principes_fw-la consultant_fw-la de_fw-la majoribus_fw-la omnes_fw-la ita_fw-la tamen_fw-la ut_fw-la ea_fw-la quoque_fw-la quorum_fw-la penes_fw-la plebem_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la est_fw-la apud_fw-la principes_fw-la praetractentur_fw-la after_o the_o saxon_a government_n become_v unite_v and_o fix_v under_o a_o sole_a christian_a monarch_n they_o still_o continue_v and_o keep_v their_o ancient_a wittena_n gemot_n or_o parliament_n as_o now_o phrased_a wherein_o they_o make_v law_n and_o manage_v the_o great_a affair_n of_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n according_a to_o the_o platform_n of_o their_o ancestor_n many_o authority_n may_v be_v give_v to_o evidence_n this_o i_o will_v instance_n in_o three_o or_o four_o 1._o then_o we_o have_v that_o famous_a 126._o parliament_n summon_v by_o king_n ethelbert_n an._n 605._o which_o my_o author_n call_v commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_fw-la 2._o about_o the_o year_n 712._o 219._o king_n ina_n assemble_v a_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n wherein_o he_o
haereditario_fw-la imperpetuum_fw-la conquest_n per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la tâtius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la prâdiââi_fw-la from_o all_o which_o it_o must_v necessary_o be_v grant_v 1._o that_o this_o statute_n or_o law_n be_v make_v per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la 2._o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o w._n 1._o h._n 1._o king_n stephen_n h._n 2._o and_o king_n john_n the_o last_o of_o which_o say_v nullum_fw-la scutagâum_fw-la 257._o uâââââxilium_fw-la ponam_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la ãâã_d per_fw-la commuââ_n coâsilium_fw-la regni_fw-la ââstri_fw-la the_o same_o in_o substa_fw-la ãâ¦ã_z with_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o william_n ãâã_d be_v but_o ãâã_d restiââââon_n and_o declaration_n of_o the_o ancient_a common_a law_n and_o right_n of_o the_o ãâ¦ã_z kingdom_n and_o no_o law_n introduce_v de_fw-la novo_fw-la or_o force_v upon_o king_n john_n at_o running-mead_n to_o the_o disinberison_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o which_o by_o their_o several_a sacred_a coronation_n oath_n they_o have_v so_o solemn_o swear_v inviolable_o to_o observe_v and_o keep_v it_o be_v true_a indeed_o king_n william_n the_o first_o give_v away_o the_o estate_n of_o several_a of_o those_o who_o be_v in_o arm_n against_o he_o to_o his_o adventurer_n and_o follower_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o english_a as_o well_o by_o his_o coronation_n oath_n as_o by_o a_o solemn_a ratification_n of_o st._n edward_n law_n in_o a_o parliament_n in_o his_o 580._o four_o year_n be_v to_o enjoy_v their_o estate_n and_o the_o benefit_n of_o those_o law_n but_o that_o be_v not_o do_v in_o the_o general_n and_o the_o english_a who_o declare_v à _fw-la 523._o majoribus_fw-la didicisse_fw-la aut_fw-la libertatem_fw-la aut_fw-la mortem_fw-la be_v oppress_v by_o the_o king_n and_o norman_n begin_v to_o be_v very_o uneasy_a under_o his_o government_n so_o that_o thing_n be_v bring_v to_o that_o pass_v that_o he_o vehement_o fear_v ne_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la 48._o turpiter_fw-la amitteret_fw-la etiam_fw-la trucidatus_fw-la to_o obviate_v which_o mischiess_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n for_o so_o i_o take_v it_o by_o the_o policy_n of_o lanfrank_a archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n serena_fw-la fancy_n vocavit_fw-la eos_fw-la i._n e._n the_o english_a ad_fw-la pacem_fw-la sed_fw-la subdolam_fw-la who_o meet_v at_o berkhamsted_n post_fw-la multos_fw-la disceptationes_fw-la both_o party_n come_v to_o a_o second-compact_a and_o the_o king_n to_o give_v they_o satisfaction_n reiterated_a his_o coronation_n oath_n and_o swear_v upon_o the_o holy_a evangelist_n and_o relic_n of_o st._n alban_n bonas_fw-la 3â_n &_o approbatas_fw-la antiquas_fw-la regni_fw-la leges_fw-la quas_fw-la sancti_fw-la &_o pii_fw-la angliae_fw-la reges_fw-la ejus_fw-la antecessores_fw-la &_o maxim_n rex_fw-la edwardus_fw-la statuit_fw-la inviolabiliter_fw-la observare_fw-la &_o sic_fw-la pacificati_fw-la ad_fw-la propria_fw-la laeti_fw-la recesserunt_fw-la rex_fw-la autem_fw-la caute_fw-la propositum_fw-la suum_fw-la pallian_n persuade_v many_o of_o the_o principal_a of_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n to_o attend_v he_o into_o normandy_n where_o civitatem_fw-la 260._o quae_fw-la cynomannis_fw-la &_o provinciam_fw-la ad_fw-la illam_fw-la pertinentem_fw-la maximo_fw-la anglorum_fw-la auxilio_fw-la quos_fw-la de_fw-fr anglia_fw-it secum_fw-la adduxerat_fw-la sibi_fw-la subjugavit_fw-la the_o rest_n that_o remain_v here_o he_o sudden_o set_v upon_o apà rt_n which_o he_o dare_v not_o attempt_v when_o unite_a multos_fw-la 48._o eorum_fw-la trucidando_fw-la exhaeredando_fw-la &_o quamplures_fw-la proscribendo_fw-la leges_fw-la violans_fw-la memoratas_fw-la &_o spoliatis_fw-la anglis_fw-la pro_fw-la libitu_fw-la ac_fw-la sine_fw-la judicio_fw-la curiali_fw-la depauperatis_fw-la suos_fw-la normannos_fw-la in_o suorum_fw-la hominum_fw-la anglorum_fw-la naturalium_fw-la natalium_fw-la qui_fw-la ipsum_fw-la sponte_fw-la sublimaverunt_fw-la provocationem_fw-la locupletavit_fw-la so_o that_o after_o this_o time_n it_o be_v plain_a he_o bear_v a_o heavy_a hand_n upon_o the_o english_a and_o increase_v his_o severity_n to_o act_n of_o high_a injustice_n and_o barbarous_a cruelty_n and_o so_o give_v occasion_n to_o historian_n in_o future_a age_n to_o say_v that_o when_o he_o come_v in_o he_o total_o subdue_v and_o crush_v the_o nation_n nobility_n and_o gentry_n yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a power_n he_o take_v we_o meet_v with_o some_o general_a council_n or_o parliament_n in_o his_o reign_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o freeman_n or_o commons_o of_o england_n be_v there_o and_o have_v a_o share_n in_o make_v of_o law_n for_o what_o can_v the_o promise_a restitution_n of_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n signify_v if_o their_o wittena_n gemot_n or_o parliament_n the_o augustissimum_fw-la anglicarum_fw-la libertatum_fw-la asylum_n &_o sacra_fw-la anchora_fw-la be_v destroy_v and_o break_v for_o one_o of_o the_o fundamental_a and_o principal_a end_n of_o parliament_n be_v for_o the_o redress_n of_o grievance_n and_o ease_v the_o oppression_n of_o the_o people_n the_o mirror_n of_o justice_n a_o ancient_a 9_o and_o learned_a treatise_n of_o the_o law_n say_v that_o parliament_n be_v institute_v pur_fw-mi oyer_n &_o terminer_n les_fw-fr plaint_n de_fw-fr tort_fw-fr de_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr roigne_n &_o de_n lour_v infans_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr eux_fw-fr specialment_n de_fw-fr queux_fw-fr tort_v lun_fw-fr ne_fw-fr poet_n aver_v autrement_fw-fr common_a droit_fw-fr to_o hear_v and_o determine_v the_o complaint_n of_o the_o wrongful_a act_n of_o the_o king_n the_o queen_n and_o their_o child_n and_o especial_o of_o those_o person_n against_o who_o the_o subject_n otherwise_o can_v not_o have_v common_a justice_n and_o knighton_n one_o of_o 2._o our_o best_a historian_n write_v quod_fw-la ex_fw-la antiquo_fw-la statuto_fw-la &_o consuetudine_fw-la laudabili_fw-la &_o approbata_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o by_o a_o ancient_a statute_n and_o custom_n laudable_a and_o approve_a which_o no_o man_n can_v deny_v the_o king_n be_v once_o in_o the_o year_n to_o convene_v his_o lord_n and_o commons_o to_o his_o court_n of_o parliament_n as_o to_o the_o high_a court_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n in_o qua_fw-la omnis_fw-la aequitas_fw-la relucere_fw-la deberet_fw-la absque_fw-la qualibet_fw-la scrupulositate_fw-la vel_fw-la nota_fw-la tanquam_fw-la sol_fw-la in_o ascensu_fw-la meridiei_fw-la ubi_fw-la pauperes_fw-la &_o divites_fw-la pro_fw-la refrigerio_fw-la tranquilliratis_fw-la &_o pacis_fw-la &_o repulsione_n injuriarum_fw-la refugium_fw-la infallibile_fw-la quaerere_fw-la possent_fw-la ac_fw-la etiam_fw-la errata_fw-la regni_fw-la reformare_fw-la &_o de_fw-la statu_fw-la &_o gubernation_n regis_n &_o regni_fw-la cum_fw-la sapientiori_fw-la concilio_n tractare_fw-la ut_fw-la inimici_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la intrinseci_fw-la &_o host_n extrinseci_fw-la destruantur_fw-la &_o repellantur_fw-la qualiter_fw-la quoque_fw-la onera_fw-la incumbentia_fw-la regi_fw-la &_o regno_fw-la levius_fw-la ad_fw-la ediam_fw-la communitatis_fw-la supportari_fw-la poterunt_fw-la in_o which_o court_n all_o equity_n ought_v to_o shine_v forth_o without_o the_o least_o cloud_n or_o shadow_n like_o the_o sun_n in_o its_o meridian_n glory_n where_o poor_a and_o rich_a refresh_v with_o peace_n and_o ease_n of_o their_o oppression_n may_v always_o find_v infallible_a and_o sure_a refuge_n and_o succour_n the_o grievance_n of_o the_o kingdom_n redress_v and_o the_o state_n of_o the_o king_n and_o government_n of_o the_o realm_n debate_v with_o wise_a council_n the_o domestic_a and_o foreign_a enemy_n of_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n destroy_v and_o repel_v and_o to_o consider_v how_o the_o charge_n and_o burden_n of_o both_o may_v be_v sustain_v with_o more_o ease_n to_o the_o people_n but_o to_o return_v an._n d._n 1070._o which_o be_v in_o the_o three_o and_o four_o year_n of_o william_n the_o i._o at_o a_o general_n council_n or_o parliament_n lanfranc_n be_v choose_v archbishop_n 5._o of_o canterbury_n eligentibus_fw-la eum_fw-la senioribus_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la cum_fw-la episcopis_fw-la ac_fw-la principibus_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la in_o assumptione_n sanctae_fw-la mariae_fw-la another_o author_n relate_v it_o thus_o rex_fw-la mitten_n propter_fw-la 194._o illum_fw-la in_o normanniam_fw-la fecit_fw-la eum_fw-la venire_fw-la in_o angliam_fw-la cui_fw-la consensu_fw-la &_o consilio_fw-la omnium_fw-la baronum_fw-la suorum_fw-la omniumque_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o abbatum_fw-la totiusque_fw-la populi_n angliae_fw-la commisit_fw-la ei_fw-la dorobernensem_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la anno_fw-la 1072._o the_o king_n 58â_n summon_v a_o general_n council_n or_o parliament_n at_o pinneden_n in_o kent_n to_o examine_v and_o determine_v the_o great_a cause_n between_o lanfranc_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o odo_n bishop_n of_o bayeux_n earl_n of_o kent_n because_o the_o first_o libertatem_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la cantuariensis_n invaserat_fw-la yet_o judgement_n go_v for_o the_o archbishop_n which_o mr._n selden_n say_v be_v confirm_v totius_fw-la regni_fw-la assensu_fw-la or_o as_o eadmerus_n stipulatione_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o the_o fourteen_o year_n of_o 3._o this_o king_n at_o a_o general_n council_n or_o parliament_n hold_v at_o westminster_n the_o king_n by_o his_o charter_n confirm_v the_o liberty_n of_o that_o church_n after_o he_o have_v subscribe_v his_o own_o name_n with_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n add_v
regni_fw-la totis_fw-la reretroactis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la in_o the_o time_n of_o e._n 1._o and_o his_o progenitour_n if_o so_o then_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n john_n grandfather_n to_o e._n 1._o and_o so_o before_o h._n 3._o 1._o the_o burgess_n of_o st._n alban_n ãâã_d in_o their_o petition_n to_o king_n e._n 2._o an_z o_o 8_o o_o say_v that_o they_o sicut_fw-la ââeteri_fw-la burgenses_n regni_fw-la ad_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la regis_fw-la when_o it_o shall_v happen_v to_o be_v summon_v per_fw-la duos_fw-la comburgenses_n suos_fw-la venire_fw-la debeant_fw-la prout_fw-la totis_fw-la retroactis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la venire_fw-la consueverunt_fw-la tam_fw-la tempore_fw-la domini_fw-la ed._n nuper_fw-la regis_fw-la angliae_fw-la patris_fw-la regis_fw-la as_o well_o in_o the_o time_n of_o e._n 1._o the_o king_n father_n &_o progenitorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o e._n 2._o semper_fw-la ante_fw-la instans_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la and_o declare_v that_o the_o name_n of_o such_o burgess_n come_v to_o parliament_n be_v always_o enrol_v in_o the_o 618._o roll_n of_o the_o chancery_n notwithstanding_o all_o which_o the_o sheriff_n of_o hartford_n at_o the_o procuration_n and_o favour_n of_o the_o abbot_n of_o st._n alban_n and_o his_o council_n refuse_v burgenses_n praedictos_fw-la praemunire_n seu_fw-la nomina_fw-la eorum_fw-la retornare_fw-la prout_fw-la ad_fw-la ipsum_fw-la pertinuit_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o they_o pray_v remedy_n respon_n scrutentur_fw-la rotuli_n etc._n etc._n de_fw-fr concilium_fw-la cancellaria_fw-la si_fw-la temporibus_fw-la progenitorum_fw-la regis_fw-la burgenses_n praedicti_fw-la solebant_fw-la venire_fw-la vel_fw-la non_fw-la &_o tunc_fw-la fiat_fw-la eye_n super_fw-la hoc_fw-la justitia_fw-la vocatis_fw-la evocandis_fw-la si_fw-la necesse_fw-la suerit_fw-la i_o do_v not_o think_v there_o needs_o much_o enforce_v this_o record_n since_o the_o prescription_n of_o send_v duos_fw-la comburgenses_n ad_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la regis_fw-la sicut_fw-la caeteri_fw-la burgenses_n regni_fw-la do_v be_v that_o they_o and_o their_o predecessor_n be_v always_o accustom_v to_o send_v two_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n in_o all_o former_a age_n not_o only_o in_o the_o time_n of_o e._n 1._o but_o his_o progenitor_n therefore_o in_o king_n john_n time_n his_o grandfather_n at_o least_o and_o so_o before_o h._n 3._o and_o though_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o petition_n which_o in_o that_o age_n be_v give_v in_o parliament_n per_fw-la concilium_fw-la or_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n and_o other_o the_o king_n learned_a council_n say_v scrutentur_fw-la rotuli_n si_fw-la temporibus_fw-la progenitorum_fw-la regis_fw-la 23._o which_o may_v go_v to_o the_o whole_a reign_n of_o king_n john_n as_o before_z burgenses_n praedicti_fw-la solebant_fw-la venire_fw-la vel_fw-la non_fw-la yet_o that_o grave_n and_o wise_a council_n do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o scruple_n but_o clear_o admit_v and_o confirm_v the_o general_a prescription_n that_o there_o be_v borough_n that_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n temporibus_fw-la e._n 1._o &_o progenitorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la which_o go_v high_a than_o h._n 3._o his_o father_n and_o it_o can_v in_o common_a reason_n be_v suppose_v much_o less_o believe_v that_o the_o burgess_n of_o s_o t_o alban_n or_o the_o lawyer_n or_o penman_n of_o the_o petition_n shall_v dare_v to_o tell_v the_o king_n and_o learned_a council_n in_o the_o face_n of_o a_o parliament_n a_o novelty_n so_o great_a and_o ridiculous_a and_o that_o record_v to_o posterity_n by_o the_o council_n that_o they_o and_o their_o predecessor_n in_o the_o time_n of_o e._n 1._o and_o his_o progenitor_n have_v send_v two_o burgess_n to_o every_o parliament_n when_o all_o the_o world_n then_o know_v if_o the_o modern_a opinion_n be_v true_a that_o there_o be_v never_o any_o election_n of_o any_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49_o h._n 3._o which_o be_v but_o 50._o year_n before_o 8_o e._n 2._o and_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o petition_n fresh_a in_o their_o own_o memory_n no_o sure_o the_o burgess_n of_o s_o t_o alban_n do_v not_o ground_n their_o petition_n of_o right_n upon_o a_o general_a allegation_n or_o a_o affirmation_n in_o nubes_fw-la but_o the_o justice_n and_o certainty_n of_o their_o claim_n as_o they_o themselves_o very_o well_o know_v so_o they_o pray_v it_o may_v be_v examine_v and_o try_v by_o uncontrollable_a witness_n record_n the_o roll_n of_o chancery_n the_o chancellor_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o council_n do_v no_o less_o know_v there_o be_v such_o roll_n and_o therefore_o order_v the_o search_n but_o if_o the_o petition_n have_v be_v notorious_o false_a and_o idle_a instead_o of_o record_v it_o to_o future_a age_n they_o will_v with_o contempt_n and_o scorn_n have_v reject_v it_o nor_o will_v the_o great_a abbot_n of_o s_o t_o alban_n his_o council_n and_o the_o sheriff_n of_o hertford_n against_o who_o the_o petition_n be_v exhibit_v have_v be_v want_v in_o their_o own_o defence_n to_o have_v show_v and_o prove_v that_o this_o ancient_a prescription_n be_v a_o mere_a chimaera_n and_o fable_n no_o they_o all_o be_v well_o satisfy_v that_o the_o borough_n have_v send_v two_o burgess_n to_o every_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o e._n 1._o and_o his_o progenitor_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o oppose_v or_o contradict_v their_o just_a and_o ancient_a right_n according_a to_o their_o prescription_n all_o which_o appear_v clear_o by_o this_o that_o both_o before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o petition_n and_o ever_o since_o they_o have_v send_v two_o burgess_n to_o every_o parliament_n the_o second_o argument_n from_o record_n an._n 15_o johannis_n regis_fw-la wherein_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n not_o so_o numerous_a then_o as_o after_o and_o now_o together_o with_o the_o earl_n baron_n &_o magnates_fw-la angliae_fw-la be_v to_o give_v consilium_fw-la &_o auxilium_fw-la ad_fw-la honorem_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o suum_fw-la &_o statum_fw-la regni_fw-la who_o short_o after_o meet_v at_o london_n convocatum_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la de_fw-la toto_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la secta_fw-la laicali_fw-la and_o so_o within_o the_o express_a prescription_n of_o the_o borough_n of_o s._n alban_n i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o some_o have_v date_v the_o origine_fw-la of_o the_o commons_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o parliament_n from_o the_o parliament_n of_o runningmead_n 17_o o_o reg._n joh._n it_o may_v therefore_o be_v worth_a our_o pain_n to_o observe_v this_o great_a record_n follow_v and_o to_o consider_v whether_o from_o thence_o may_v not_o be_v prove_v this_o conclusion_n that_o ãâã_d great_a city_n and_o boro_n ãâ¦ã_z s_o of_o the_o kingdom_n not_o so_o ãâ¦ã_z merous_fw-la then_o as_o after_o and_o now_o in_o the_o 16_o o_o of_o king_n john_n before_o the_o grant_n of_o his_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la or_o ãâã_d confirm_v the_o ancient_a law_n in_o his_o 17_o the_o year_n at_o runningmead_n do_v send_v their_o proxy_n and_o representative_n to_o the_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o parliament_n for_o it_o can_v be_v suppose_v in_o reason_n that_o every_o individual_a citizen_n and_o burgess_n can_v come_v no_o more_o than_o every_o parson_n of_o a_o parish_n to_o a_o convocation_n or_o to_o a_o meeting_n of_o the_o whole_a clergy_n of_o england_n the_o record_n say_v that_o the_o 2._o king_n be_v in_o partibus_fw-la transmarinis_fw-la write_v majori_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la london_n majori_fw-la &_o probis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la winton_n northampt._n lincoln_n ebor._n oxon._n glouc._n heref._n exon._n worcestr_n cantebr_n hunt_n bristol_n norwich_n and_o all_o the_o great_a borough_n of_o the_o demesne_n of_o the_o king_n give_v remanen_fw-la they_o account_n of_o his_o proceed_n and_o success_n in_o his_o war_n against_o the_o french_a and_o that_o the_o pope_n have_v by_o his_o letter_n release_v the_o interdict_v under_o which_o the_o kingdom_n than_o lie_v which_o the_o king_n have_v then_o send_v to_o peter_n bishop_n of_o winton_n chief_a justice_n of_o england_n and_o therefore_o desire_v that_o they_o will_v believe_v what_o the_o bishop_n shall_v speak_v to_o they_o that_o consilium_fw-la &_o auxilium_fw-la vestrum_fw-la ad_fw-la honorem_fw-la nostrum_fw-la &_o vestrum_fw-la &_o statum_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la in_o melius_fw-la communicandum_fw-la efficaciter_fw-la super_fw-la hoc_fw-la apponatis_fw-la and_o that_o majori_fw-la festinatione_fw-la expediretur_fw-la testae_fw-la apud_fw-la rupellam_fw-la 6_o o_o die_v martii_fw-la in_o the_o same_o manner_n he_o write_v to_o dorso_fw-la william_n earl_n marshal_n and_o to_o all_o the_o earl_n baron_n &_o magnatibus_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n testae_fw-la apud_fw-la rupellam_fw-la 8_o o_o die_v martii_fw-la in_o order_n therefore_o to_o our_o proof_n of_o a_o parliament_n from_o these_o record_n let_v we_o make_v two_o observation_n 1._o negative_a 2._o affirmative_a though_o the_o writ_n be_v general_a negative_a and_o mention_n not_o any_o time_n or_o place_n for_o meeting_n or_o come_v to_o parliament_n or_o the_o great_a council_n the_o king_n refer_v that_o i_o suppose_v to_o his_o regent_n or_o chief_a justice_n here_o yet_o it_o can_v be_v
intend_v that_o peter_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n be_v then_o chief_a justice_n of_o england_n shall_v go_v from_o county_n to_o county_n city_n to_o city_n borough_n to_o borough_n or_o as_o our_o churchwarden_n do_v from_o house_n to_o house_n rogare_fw-la consilium_fw-la &_o auxilium_fw-la the_o proper_a business_n of_o a_o parliament_n to_o desire_v and_o entreat_v for_o their_o counsel_n and_o aid_n for_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o king_n their_o own_o &_o statum_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n sure_o that_o have_v be_v a_o employment_n fit_a for_o the_o wander_a jew_n or_o johannes_n de_fw-fr temporibus_fw-la and_o such_o counsel_n must_v needs_o have_v be_v of_o a_o very_a different_a and_o various_a nature_n and_o both_o agree_v very_o ill_o with_o the_o word_n majori_fw-la festinatione_fw-la and_o urgency_n of_o the_o content_n of_o the_o writ_n let_v we_o then_o inquire_v what_o be_v the_o effect_n and_o consequent_n of_o these_o writ_n and_o that_o bring_v i_o to_o the_o second_o observation_n king_n john_n begin_v his_o reign_n 6_o o_o affirmative_a aprilis_n the_o writ_n bear_v date_n 6_o o_o &_o 8_o o_o martii_fw-la which_o be_v the_o close_a of_o an._n 15_o o._n it_o may_v be_v the_o wind_n be_v very_a cross_n or_o for_o some_o other_o reason_n the_o letter_n may_v not_o so_o speedy_o be_v bring_v over_o or_o publish_v here_o or_o after_o the_o summons_n there_o may_v be_v above_o forty_o day_n before_o they_o meet_v but_o sure_o it_o be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o july_n after_o that_o march_v be_v the_o sixteen_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n we_o find_v nicholaus_fw-la tusculanensis_fw-la episcopus_fw-la 27._o &_o apostolicae_fw-la sedis_fw-la legatus_fw-la per_fw-la nuntio_n memoratos_fw-la domini_fw-la papae_fw-la authenticum_fw-la acceperat_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la erat_fw-la in_o partibus_fw-la transmarinis_fw-la sed_fw-la quoniam_fw-la idem_fw-la rex_fw-la in_o recessu_fw-la svo_fw-la ab_fw-la anglia_fw-it legato_n jam_fw-la dicto_fw-la &_o willielmo_n marescallo_n vice_n svas_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la negotio_fw-la commiserat_fw-la idem_fw-la legatus_fw-la in_o urbe_fw-la londinensi_fw-la apud_fw-la sanctum_fw-la paulum_fw-la grande_fw-fr congregavit_fw-la concilium_fw-la ubi_fw-la congregatis_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la 26._o comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la negotium_fw-la interdicti_fw-la the_o very_a business_n of_o the_o writ_n spectantibus_fw-la proposuit_fw-la coram_fw-la omnibus_fw-la formam_fw-la restitutionis_fw-la and_o the_o great_a selden_n the_o honour_n 587._o of_o the_o inner-temple_n or_o rather_o as_o the_o learned_a grotius_n honos_fw-la britanniae_fw-la to_o drive_v the_o nail_n home_o say_v but_o we_o know_v by_o what_o be_v already_o show_v that_o divers_a former_a parliament_n be_v in_o this_o king_n time_n mean_v before_o the_o grant_n of_o his_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la an._n 17_o joh._n though_o the_o law_n make_v in_o they_o be_v lose_v and_o in_o the_o year_n before_o the_o charter_n also_o which_o be_v an._n 16_o joh._n the_o author_n of_o eulogium_fw-la say_v that_o convocatum_fw-la est_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la londoniis_fw-la praesidente_fw-la archiepiscopo_fw-la cum_fw-la toto_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la secta_fw-la laicali_fw-la whereinis_fw-la per_fw-la domini_fw-la papae_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la illa_fw-la obligatio_fw-la quam_fw-la rex_fw-la domino_fw-la papae_fw-la fecerat_fw-la cum_fw-la fidelitate_fw-la &_o homagio_fw-la relaxatur_fw-la omnino_fw-la seven_o '_o die_v julii_n have_v thus_o prove_v a_o parliament_n in_o the_o 16_o the_o of_o king_n john_n and_o that_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n have_v their_o summons_n to_o it_o which_o be_v remarkable_a by_o a_o writ_n particular_a and_o distinct_a from_o that_o of_o the_o lord_n viz._n the_o earl_n baron_n &_o magnates_fw-la angliae_fw-la i_o will_v conclude_v this_o argument_n with_o the_o statute_n of_o 5_o r._n 2._o cap._n 4._o where_o it_o be_v enact_v by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o prelate_n lord_n and_o commons_o that_o all_o and_o singular_a person_n and_o commonalty_n be_v he_o archbishop_n abbot_z prior_n earl_n baron_n etc._n etc._n which_o shall_v have_v a_o summons_n to_o parliament_n shall_v come_v from_o thenceforth_o to_o the_o parliament_n in_o the_o manner_n as_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v and_o have_v be_v accustom_v within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n of_o old_a time_n and_o if_o they_o do_v absent_v themselves_o and_o come_v not_o he_o and_o they_o shall_v be_v amerce_v or_o otherwise_o punish_v according_a as_o of_o old_a time_n have_v be_v accustom_v to_o be_v do_v from_o hence_o i_o shall_v observe_v 1._o that_o there_o be_v summons_n to_o parliament_n of_o old_a time_n as_o well_o to_o the_o commonalty_n that_o be_v the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n as_o to_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o baron_n and_o so_o the_o statute_n may_v seem_v to_o affirm_v the_o prescription_n of_o s_o t_o alban_n that_o say_v that_o they_o have_v send_v duos_fw-la comburgenses_n sicut_fw-la caeteri_fw-la burgenses_n regni_fw-la do_v to_o every_o parliament_n totis_fw-la retroactis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la before_o e._n 1._o and_o his_o progenitor_n 2._o that_o the_o phrase_n of_o old_a time_n be_v in_o point_n of_o prescription_n and_o antiquity_n apply_v equal_o and_o without_o distinction_n or_o limitation_n as_o well_o to_o the_o great_a lord_n as_o commons_z but_o if_o the_o first_o have_v of_o old_a time_n as_o our_o modern_a author_n write_v be_v the_o only_a constituent_a part_n of_o the_o parliament_n it_o may_v in_o reason_n and_o prudence_n be_v think_v they_o will_v not_o have_v consent_v to_o have_v admit_v that_o summons_n to_o parliament_n for_o the_o commons_o be_v coeval_n with_o they_o nor_o will_v they_o have_v ratify_v and_o confirm_v by_o a_o solemn_a act_n the_o protestation_n or_o declaration_n of_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n in_o the_o parliament_n 2_o h._n 5._o n._n 10._o that_o the_o commons_o have_v ever_o be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o that_o no_o statute_n or_o law_n can_v be_v make_v without_o their_o assent_n 3._o that_o if_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o absent_v themselves_o and_o come_v not_o to_o parliament_n they_o shall_v be_v amerce_v or_o otherwise_o punish_v as_o of_o old_a time_n have_v be_v accustom_v to_o be_v do_v this_o branch_n plain_o agree_v 1._o with_o the_o modus_fw-la tenendi_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la write_v as_o m_n r_o selden_n say_v tempore_fw-la e._n 3._o that_o the_o first_o day_n the_o burgess_n and_o citizen_n shall_v be_v call_v and_o if_o they_o do_v not_o come_v they_o shall_v be_v amerce_v and_o so_o m_n r_o prynn_n mistake_v in_o 3._o his_o animadversion_n when_o he_o say_v that_o no_o absent_a lord_n be_v fine_v before_o 31_o h._n 6._o 2._o it_o appear_v exit_fw-la vi_fw-la terminorum_fw-la of_o old_a time_n it_o have_v be_v so_o accustom_v to_o be_v do_v that_o this_o prescription_n may_v well_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o parliament_n of_o 16_o joh._n and_o long_o before_o for_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 17_o of_o that_o king_n sai_z civitas_n london_n habeat_fw-la omnes_fw-la libertates_fw-la svas_fw-la antiquas_fw-la by_o force_n and_o virtue_n of_o which_o word_n antiquas_fw-la their_o old_a or_o ancient_a liberty_n and_o custom_n not_o only_o confirm_v by_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o william_n the_o first_o but_o use_v even_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n and_o before_o be_v in_o parliament_n ratify_v and_o confirm_v the_o three_o argument_n from_o the_o solemn_a and_o great_a judgement_n of_o both_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o the_o parliament_n of_o 40_o e._n 3._o against_o the_o pope_n that_o if_o king_n john_n have_v an._n 14._o of_o his_o reign_n which_o be_v three_o year_n before_o the_o grant_n of_o his_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la make_v the_o kingdom_n tributary_n to_o the_o pope_n he_o have_v do_v it_o sanz_o lour_v assent_n which_o must_v be_v understand_v to_o be_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o and_o therefore_o void_a king_n john_n an._n 14._o of_o his_o reign_n 14._o make_v himself_o and_o crown_n tributary_n to_o the_o pope_n but_o anno_fw-la 40_o e._n 3._o the_o prelate_n 8._o duke_n count_n baron_n and_o commons_o upon_o their_o full_a deliberation_n in_o parliament_n resolve_v with_o one_o accord_n that_o neither_o the_o king_n nor_o any_o other_o can_v put_v the_o realm_n nor_o people_n thereof_o into_o such_o subjection_n sanz_fw-fr assent_n de_fw-fr eux_fw-fr without_o their_o assent_n viz._n as_o well_o of_o the_o 1._o commons_o as_o of_o the_o lord_n and_o that_o it_o appear_v by_o many_o evidence_n that_o if_o he_o have_v so_o do_v it_o be_v do_v sanz_n lour_v assent_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o coronation_n oath_n and_o if_o the_o pope_n attempt_v any_o thing_n against_o either_o have_v at_o the_o instance_n and_o solicitation_n of_o the_o nuncupatur_fw-la french_a king_n threaten_v to_o interdict_v or_o outlaw_n both_o king_n and_o kingdom_n they_o will_v oppose_v and_o resist_v he_o
the_o three_o have_v the_o assent_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n to_o make_v they_o law_n now_o the_o word_n progenitor_n in_o the_o statute_n must_v i_o conceive_v go_v high_o than_o ric._n 1._o for_o bracton_n a_o learned_a judge_n who_o flourish_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o so_o by_o a_o reasonable_a computation_n of_o time_n may_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v live_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o ric._n 1._o or_o beginning_n of_o king_n john_n after_o he_o have_v declare_v to_o posterity_n that_o he_o have_v bend_v his_o mind_n ad_fw-la vetera_fw-la judicia_fw-la perscrutanda_fw-la diligenter_fw-la non_fw-la sine_fw-la vigiliis_fw-la &_o labour_v and_o whatsoever_o he_o find_v notatu_fw-la dignum_fw-la he_o reduce_v in_o unam_fw-la summam_fw-la perpetuae_fw-la memoriae_fw-la commendanda_fw-la conclude_v this_o dorso_fw-la point_n thus_o cum_fw-la legis_fw-la vigorem_fw-la habeat_fw-la quicquid_fw-la de_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o de_fw-la consensu_fw-la magnatum_fw-la &_o reipublicae_fw-la communi_fw-la sponsione_n authoritate_fw-la regis_fw-la sive_fw-la principis_fw-la praecedente_fw-la justè_fw-la fuerit_fw-la definitum_fw-la &_o approbatum_fw-la and_o so_o just_a and_o excellent_a be_v the_o balance_n of_o the_o constitution_n of_o our_o legal_a government_n in_o prevent_v any_o order_n or_o rank_n of_o the_o subject_n to_o impose_v upon_o or_o bind_v the_o rest_n without_o their_o common_a consent_n and_o in_o conserve_n as_o it_o be_v a_o universal_a liberty_n and_o property_n to_o every_o individual_a degree_n of_o man_n from_o be_v take_v from_o they_o without_o their_o assent_n as_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la be_v not_o 11._o subject_a to_o such_o law_n to_o which_o they_o do_v not_o consent_n for_o as_o well_o before_o the_o conquest_n of_o england_n as_o after_o they_o have_v their_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la or_o court_n of_o parliament_n by_o authority_n of_o which_o the_o barones_n milites_fw-la &_o quamplures_fw-la alii_fw-la rot._n 44_o h._n 3._o m._n 1._o dorso_fw-la barones_n liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la fideles_fw-la rot._n pat._n 3._o e._n 1._o m._n 6._o or_o as_o the_o supplication_n to_o h._n 6._o say_v the_o abbot_n prior_n ãâã_d clergy_n baron_n knight_n esquire_n and_o commonalty_n do_v with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o earl_n make_v or_o admit_v law_n within_o the_o same_o such_o as_o shall_v be_v think_v expedient_a and_o behoveful_a for_o the_o weal_n of_o the_o inheritor_n and_o inheritance_n of_o the_o say_a county_n and_o no_o inheritor_n or_o possessor_n within_o the_o say_a county_n be_v chargeable_a or_o liable_a or_o be_v bind_v charge_v or_o hurt_v of_o their_o body_n liberty_n franchise_n land_n good_n or_o possession_n unless_o the_o say_a county_n or_o parliament_n have_v agree_v unto_o it_o and_o i_o dare_v under_o submission_n affirm_v that_o neither_o this_o county_n palatine_n nor_o durham_n be_v ever_o subjugate_v to_o have_v their_o estate_n give_v away_o at_o the_o good_a will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o earl_n or_o bishop_n under_o any_o notion_n or_o fancy_n in_o those_o day_n of_o be_v their_o representative_n in_o the_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o that_o be_v dependent_a tenant_n their_o consent_n be_v include_v in_o their_o lord_n assent_v and_o if_o the_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la cestrense_n or_o parliament_n be_v deduce_v from_o record_n it_o will_v be_v of_o great_a use_n to_o show_v we_o as_o in_o a_o mirror_n the_o government_n of_o england_n in_o ancient_a day_n than_o what_o i_o have_v yet_o see_v publish_v by_o any_o author_n 3._o that_o the_o answer_n of_o the_o king_n to_o the_o petition_n pen_v and_o make_v by_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o land_n his_o council_n in_o parliament_n can_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v ground_v upon_o a_o modern_a usage_n of_o 59_o year_n from_o the_o time_n of_o 49_o h._n 3._o till_o then_o if_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la jure_fw-la repraesentationis_fw-la make_v the_o parliament_n as_o some_o hold_n but_o be_v a_o declaration_n of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n and_o right_n of_o the_o nation_n 4._o that_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o england_n or_o the_o great_a part_n who_o be_v the_o petitioner_n though_o with_o the_o king_n consent_n to_o bind_v and_o oblige_v other_o or_o to_o make_v or_o alter_v a_o law_n sine_fw-la assensu_fw-la communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la who_o have_v votum_fw-la consultivum_fw-la and_o decisivum_fw-la a_o act_n of_o authority_n and_o jurisdiction_n as_o well_o in_o assent_v to_o spiritual_a law_n as_o temporal_a as_o may_v appear_v for_o a_o instance_n in_o their_o declaration_n or_o protestation_n to_o e._n 3._o in_o parliament_n que_fw-fr nul_fw-fr estatut_o ne_fw-fr ordnance_n soit_fw-fr fait_fw-fr ãâã_d ne_fw-fr grante_fw-fr au_fw-fr petition_n du_fw-fr clergy_n si_fw-fr ne_fw-fr soit_fw-fr per_fw-la assent_n de_fw-mi voz_fw-mi commune_v ne_fw-fr que_fw-fr vous_fw-fr dite_fw-fr commune_v ne_fw-fr soient_fw-fr obligez_fw-fr per_fw-la nulle_v constitution_n q'il_v font_n pur_fw-mi lour_v avantage_fw-fr sanz_fw-fr assent_n de_fw-fr voz_fw-mi dite_fw-fr commune_v car_fw-fr eux_fw-fr ne_fw-fr veullent_fw-fr estre_fw-fr obligez_fw-fr nul_fw-fr de_fw-fr voz_fw-mi estatuz_fw-fr ne_fw-fr ordinance_n faitz_fw-fr sanz_fw-fr lour_v assent_n fortescue_n cap._n 8._o pag._n 40._o tell_v we_o sed_fw-la non_fw-la sic_fw-la angliae_fw-la statuta_fw-la oriri_fw-la possunt_fw-la dum_fw-la nedum_fw-la principis_fw-la voluntate_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o totius_fw-la regni_fw-la assensu_fw-la ipsa_fw-la conduntur_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la statuta_fw-la licet_fw-la tanta_fw-la solennitate_fw-la &_o prudentia_fw-la edita_fw-la efficaciae_fw-la tantae_fw-la quantae_fw-la conditorum_fw-la cupiebat_fw-la intentio_fw-la non_fw-la esse_fw-la contingant_fw-la concito_fw-la reformari_fw-la ipsa_fw-la possunt_fw-la &_o non_fw-la sine_fw-la communitatis_fw-la &_o procerum_fw-la regni_fw-la illius_fw-la assensu_fw-la quali_fw-la ipsa_fw-la primitus_fw-la emanarunt_fw-la and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o ancient_a law_n and_o right_n of_o the_o kingdom_n appear_v by_o the_o answer_n of_o e._n 1._o a_o o_o 22._o of_o his_o reign_n to_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o whole_a clergy_n of_o england_n for_o the_o clergy_n have_v give_v the_o king_n medietatem_fw-la omnium_fw-la 1._o bonorum_fw-la tam_fw-la temporalium_fw-la quam_fw-la spiritualium_fw-la complain_v that_o the_o immunity_n of_o the_o church_n laesa_fw-la fuit_fw-la &_o violata_fw-la petiit_fw-la à _fw-la rege_fw-la quosdam_fw-la articulos_fw-la rege_fw-la jubente_fw-la jussit_fw-la enim_fw-la rex_fw-la postquam_fw-la votis_fw-la ipsius_fw-la paruerant_fw-la in_o give_v the_o subsidy_n ut_fw-la ipsi_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la peterent_fw-la remedia_fw-la quae_fw-la vellent_fw-la et_fw-la petierunt_fw-la imprimis_fw-la ut_fw-la statutum_n de_fw-la manu_fw-la mortua_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o praejudicium_fw-la sanctae_fw-la matris_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la fuit_fw-la editum_fw-la deleretur_fw-la cui_fw-la quidem_fw-la articulo_fw-la respondit_fw-la rex_fw-la quod_fw-la idem_fw-la statutum_n de_fw-la consilio_fw-la magnatum_fw-la suorum_fw-la so_o phrased_a by_o the_o historian_n fuerat_fw-la editum_fw-la &_o ordinatum_fw-la &_o absque_fw-la eorum_fw-la consilio_fw-la non_fw-la erat_fw-la revocandum_fw-la but_o a_o more_o certain_a authority_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o statute_n be_v make_v per_fw-la commune_fw-la â5_n concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o parliament_n as_o appear_v by_o rot._n claus._n 7_o e._n 1._o m._n 5._o dorso_fw-la rot._n pat._n 10_o e._n 1._o m._n 13._o and_o then_o the_o commons_o be_v unquestionable_o a_o essential_a part_n and_o join_v in_o the_o make_v the_o statute_n the_o six_z argument_n from_o the_o form_n of_o pen_v of_o ãâã_d of_o parliament_n and_o expression_n in_o record_n in_o 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conseil_fw-fr &_o l'assentement_fw-fr 3._o le_fw-fr rei_fw-la de_fw-fr alemain_n &_o the_o countess_n &_o de_fw-fr baruns_n &_o deal_v commun_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr pardon_v and_o release_v the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o all_o his_o company_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o king_n per_fw-mi le_fw-fr conseil_n &_o passentement_fw-fr le_fw-fr rei_fw-la de_fw-fr alemain_n &_o les_fw-fr cuntes_fw-la &_o the_o baron_n &_o le_fw-fr commun_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr pardon_v and_o release_v the_o londoner_n totes_fw-la maneres_fw-la de_fw-la
two_o house_n of_o parliament_n and_o that_o the_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n do_v not_o sit_v with_o the_o lord_n the_o prelate_n have_v so_o great_a advantage_n of_o the_o temporal_a lord_n in_o their_o vote_n be_v very_o unkind_a to_o the_o crown_n they_o make_v not_o use_v of_o their_o overbalance_n for_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n then_o say_v to_o be_v in_o custody_n 3._o nor_o have_v i_o yet_o meet_v with_o any_o reason_n give_v why_o when_o the_o government_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v at_o this_o parliament_n of_o 49_o h._n 3._o to_o be_v settle_v after_o so_o long_a and_o bloody_a a_o war_n the_o baron_n be_v then_o so_o victorious_a and_o numerous_a as_o our_o modern_a author_n say_v they_o will_v by_o their_o absence_n hazard_n and_o endanger_v the_o loss_n of_o all_o by_o entrust_v the_o prelate_n and_o commons_o with_o the_o overbalance_n many_o remarkable_a observation_n may_v be_v raise_v upon_o this_o record_n both_o as_o to_o 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she_o send_v writ_n in_o the_o king_n name_n direct_v archiepiscopis_fw-la ãâ¦ã_z episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la liberis_fw-la cominibus_fw-la civibus_fw-la &_o burgensibus_fw-la terrae_fw-la s_o ãâ¦ã_z hiberniae_fw-la tell_v they_o that_o mittimus_fw-la fratrem_fw-la nicholaum_n de_fw-la sancto_fw-la neoto_fw-la fratrem_fw-la hospiââi_fw-la sancti_fw-la johannis_n jerusalem_n in_fw-la anglia_fw-it ad_fw-la parse_n hiberniae_fw-la ad_fw-la exponendum_fw-la vobis_fw-la together_o with_o i._o fitz_n geoffrey_n the_o king_n justice_n the_o state_n of_o his_o land_n of_o vascony_n endanger_v by_o the_o hostile_a invasion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o castille_n qui_fw-fr nullo_n jure_fw-la sed_fw-la potentia_fw-la sua_fw-la consisus_fw-la terram_fw-la nostram_fw-la vasconiae_fw-la per_fw-la ipsius_fw-la fortitudinem_fw-la à _fw-la manibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la auferre_fw-la &_o à _fw-la dominio_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la segregare_fw-la 3._o proponit_fw-la and_o therefore_o universitatem_fw-la vestram_fw-la quanta_fw-la possumus_fw-la affectione_n rogantes_fw-la quatenus_fw-la nos_fw-la &_o jura_fw-la nostra_fw-la totaliter_fw-la indefensa_fw-la non_fw-la deserentes_fw-la nobis_fw-la in_o tanto_fw-la periculo_fw-la quantumcunque_fw-la poteritis_fw-la de_fw-la gente_fw-la &_o pecunia_fw-la subveniatis_fw-la which_o will_v turn_v to_o their_o everlasting_a honour_n conclude_v his_o nostris_fw-la angustiis_fw-la taliter_fw-la compatientes_fw-la quod_fw-la nos_fw-la &_o baeredes_fw-la nostri_fw-la vobis_fw-la &_o haeredibus_fw-la vestris_fw-la sumus_fw-la non_fw-la immerito_fw-la obligati_fw-la testae_fw-la regina_fw-la &_o r._n comite_fw-la cornubiae_fw-la apud_fw-la windesor_fw-la 17_o o_o die_v februarii_fw-la per_fw-la reginam_fw-la the_o other_o write_v somewhat_o vary_v ãâã_d be_v a_o commission_n touch_v the_o chief_a justice_n fitz_n geoffrey_n to_o be_v as_o a_o assistant_n or_o co-commissioner_n with_o father_n nicholas_n to_o hold_v the_o parliament_n to_o declare_v to_o they_o the_o state_n of_o gascony_n &_o pericula_fw-la nobis_fw-la imminentia_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la tractandum_fw-la vobiscum_fw-la super_fw-la auxilio_fw-la nobis_fw-la faciendo_fw-la against_o the_o king_n of_o castille_n desire_v they_o will_v give_v faith_n to_o what_o the_o chief_a justice_n shall_v say_v to_o they_o thereupon_o rot._n pat._n 5_o e._n 1._o m._n 13._o we_o 13._o read_v rex_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la anglicis_fw-la de_fw-la terra_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la etc._n etc._n vobis_fw-la mandamus_fw-la quod_fw-la ad_fw-la certos_fw-la dies_fw-la quos_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la provideritis_fw-la videlicet_fw-la citra_fw-la festum_fw-la nativitatis_fw-la beatae_fw-la mariae_fw-la virgin_n in_o aliquibus_fw-la locis_fw-la opportunis_fw-la conveniatis_fw-la &_o diligentem_fw-la tractatum_fw-la inter_fw-la vos_fw-la habeatis_fw-la utrum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la praejudicio_fw-la vestri_fw-la &_o libertatum_fw-la &_o consuetudinum_fw-la vestrarum_fw-la that_o the_o mere_a irish_a shall_v use_v and_o enjoy_v the_o same_o law_n and_o custom_n in_o common_a as_o the_o english_a there_o and_o to_o send_v their_o judgement_n and_o counsel_n under_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o ireland_n and_o in_o the_o twenty_o year_n of_o this_o king_n magnates_n &_o dorso_fw-la probi_fw-la homines_fw-la terrae_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la quint_fw-la amdecimam_fw-la partem_fw-la de_fw-la bonis_fw-la &_o catallis_fw-la suis_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la gratiose_fw-la to_o the_o king_n which_o certain_o be_v do_v in_o the_o generale_fw-mi concilium_fw-la or_o parliament_n and_o that_o the_o general_a phrase_n probi_fw-la homines_fw-la do_v include_v and_o comprehend_v the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o be_v part_n of_o that_o general_n council_n for_o rot._n claus._n 7_o h._n 3._o m._n 7._o dorso_fw-la the_o citizen_n of_o dublin_n be_v call_v probi_fw-la homines_fw-la nostri_fw-la dublyn_n from_o hence_o may_v be_v observe_v 1._o that_o by_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o 38_o h._n 3._o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v summon_v to_o meet_v at_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n as_o well_o as_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o freeholders_n and_o equal_o desire_v to_o give_v the_o king_n a_o subsidy_n of_o man_n and_o money_n 2._o that_o though_o in_o the_o writ_n of_o e._n 1._o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v not_o mention_v eo_fw-la nomine_fw-la the_o phrase_n of_o direction_n in_o writ_n be_v in_o those_o age_n very_o various_a sometime_o more_o general_a and_o sometime_o more_o particular_a yet_o the_o word_n omnibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la anglicis_fw-la after_o baronibus_fw-la &_o militibus_fw-la must_v comprehend_v the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n who_o be_v to_o meet_v and_o diligent_o to_o treat_v with_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n and_o knight_n and_o freeholder_n whether_o it_o will_v be_v in_o prejudice_n of_o their_o liberty_n and_o custom_n if_o the_o mere_a irish_a shall_v enjoy_v the_o same_o law_n and_o custom_n as_o they_o of_o the_o english_a extraction_n do_v and_o they_o be_v to_o join_v in_o give_v their_o judgement_n and_o counsel_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o reason_n itself_o speak_v it_o since_o the_o admission_n of_o the_o mere_a irish_a into_o equal_a privilege_n and_o right_n with_o themselves_o in_o their_o city_n and_o town_n will_v be_v of_o so_o great_a a_o consequence_n to_o they_o for_o upon_o the_o king_n grant_v by_o charter_n to_o several_a irish_a family_n the_o benefit_n of_o the_o english_a law_n great_a dispute_n arise_v so_o that_o rot._n claus._n 10_o e._n 2._o m._n 28._o intus_fw-la upon_o a_o petition_n to_o the_o king_n he_o grant_v that_o semel_fw-la in_o anno_fw-la teneâtur_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la to_o redress_v their_o grievance_n touch_v the_o irish_a and_o english_a law_n and_o so_o the_o word_n parliamentum_fw-la ascertain_v what_o those_o council_n be_v in_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o 38_o h._n 3._o and_o 5_o e._n 1._o beforementioned_a and_o now_o i_o will_v close_v my_o argument_n declare_v under_o the_o good_a favour_n of_o so_o eminent_o learned_a author_n that_o their_o resolve_n and_o opinion_n which_o they_o have_v publish_v to_o the_o world_n that_o the_o inception_n and_o original_a election_n of_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n or_o the_o admission_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n as_o now_o phrased_a into_o parliament_n by_o rebellion_n and_o treason_n anno_fw-la 49_o h._n 3._o be_v not_o at_o all_o satisfactory_a and_o convince_a in_o my_o judgement_n unless_o they_o give_v more_o certain_a and_o great_a testimonial_n than_o yet_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o and_o answer_v these_o few_o record_n against_o their_o so_o severe_a position_n a_o position_n believe_v i_o that_o like_o a_o tempestuous_a whirlwind_n not_o only_o rend_v off_o and_o dismember_v a_o essential_a branch_n but_o shake_v the_o very_a root_n of_o the_o right_n and_o honour_n of_o our_o english_a parliament_n and_o equal_o wound_v both_o lord_n and_o commons_o because_o these_o learned_a author_n themselves_o do_v agree_v that_o there_o be_v not_o yet_o discover_v any_o formal_a summons_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n no_o more_o than_o of_o the_o commons_o to_o any_o parliament_n before_o the_o say_v 49_o h._n 3._o and_o here_o i_o must_v beg_v the_o favour_n of_o the_o reader_n of_o add_v a_o supplemental_a argument_n which_o at_o first_o i_o confess_v be_v not_o intend_v and_o it_o be_v this_o if_o in_o the_o general_a council_n or_o in_o our_o present_a dialect_n parliament_n for_o instance_n 1._o of_o france_n 2._o spain_n 3._o portugal_n 4._o denmark_n 5._o sweden_n and_o 6._o scotland_n the_o city_n and_o great_a town_n or_o borough_n have_v from_o time_n immemorable_a both_o de_fw-fr jure_fw-la and_o de_fw-la facto_fw-la have_v their_o delegate_n or_o representative_n upon_o what_o authority_n or_o reason_n can_v it_o be_v believe_v that_o so_o universal_a a_o northern_a custom_n or_o law_n do_v not_o obtain_v and_o be_v never_o practise_v in_o england_n before_o 49_o h._n 3_o 1._o for_o france_n we_o find_v their_o 9_o conventus_fw-la ordinum_fw-la or_o l'assemblie_n des_fw-fr estate_n consist_v the_o sacerdotio_fw-la nobilitate_fw-la &_o plebe_fw-la of_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o commons_o this_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o parliament_n roll_v consimiliforma_fw-la 9_o h._n 5._o which_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o peace_n make_v between_o england_n and_o france_n that_o the_o same_o be_v confirm_v in_o france_n per_fw-la tres_fw-la status_fw-la regni_fw-la viz._n praelatorum_fw-la &_o cleri_fw-la necnon_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o nobilium_fw-la ac_fw-la etiam_fw-la civium_fw-la delegate_n burgensium_fw-la civitatum_fw-la villarum_fw-la &_o communitatum_fw-la dicti_fw-la regni_fw-la francorum_fw-la ipsi_fw-la tres_fw-la status_fw-la eandem_fw-la pacem_fw-la &_o omne_fw-la &_o singula_fw-la contenta_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la approbarunt_fw-la laudarunt_fw-la acceptarunt_fw-la &_o auctorizarunt_fw-la it_o seem_v by_o this_o that_o the_o french_a king_n be_v not_o so_o despotical_a and_o absolute_a by_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o that_o kingdom_n as_o their_o successor_n have_v by_o act_n of_o power_n since_o make_v themselves_o 2._o in_o spain_n their_o curia_fw-la or_o cortes_n deal_v reyno_n be_v compound_v as_o dr._n heylin_n cite_v out_o of_o the_o
7._o barones_n 81._o 8._o parliamentum_fw-la 9_o barones_n angliae_fw-la 10._o baronagium_fw-la angliae_fw-la 11._o enprime_n est_fw-la accord_n &_o assentu_fw-la q'_fw-fr le_fw-fr franchise_n de_fw-mi seinte_v esglise_fw-fr &_o la_fw-fr grand_fw-fr chartre_fw-fr &_o la_fw-fr chartre_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr forest_n &_o les_fw-fr autres_fw-fr statute_n faitz_fw-fr per_fw-la nostre_fw-fr dit_fw-fr seignour_n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr &_o say_v progenitor_n peer_n &_o la_fw-fr commune_fw-la de_fw-fr sa_fw-fr terre_fw-fr anno_fw-la 37_o o_fw-la h._n 3._o 1._o tota_n nobilitas_fw-la angliae_fw-la dorso_fw-la 2._o parliamentum_fw-la 3._o archiepiscopi_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la &_o alii_fw-la magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la 4._o magnates_n &_o communitas_fw-la populi_n 5._o anno_fw-la 1253._o 37_o h._n 3._o hoc_fw-la anno_fw-la 84._o h._n rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la ad_fw-la instantiam_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_fw-la cartas_fw-la dvas_fw-la eye_n concessit_fw-la unam_fw-la de_fw-la libertatibus_fw-la quae_fw-la magna_fw-la charta_fw-la dicitur_fw-la &_o alia_fw-la quae_fw-la dicitur_fw-la de_fw-la foresta_n pro_fw-la qua_fw-la concessione_n communitas_fw-la angliae_fw-la concessit_fw-la regi_fw-la quintam_fw-la decimam_fw-la partem_fw-la omnium_fw-la bonorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la mobilium_fw-la per_fw-la totam_fw-la angliam_fw-la baronagium_fw-la 970._o in_o the_o parliament_n at_o oxford_n 42_o 3._o h._n 3._o parliamento_fw-la autem_fw-la incipiente_fw-la solidabatur_fw-la magnum_fw-la propositum_fw-la &_o consilium_fw-la immutabile_fw-la exigendo_fw-la constantissime_fw-la ut_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la cartam_fw-la libertatum_fw-la angliae_fw-la quam_fw-la johannes_n rex_fw-la pater_fw-la suis_fw-la anglis_fw-la confecit_fw-la &_o confectam_fw-la concessit_fw-la quamque_fw-la idem_fw-la johannes_n tenere_fw-la 3._o juravit_fw-la fideliter_fw-la teneat_fw-la &_o conservet_fw-la quamque_fw-la idem_fw-la rex_fw-la henricus_fw-la multoties_fw-la concesserat_fw-la &_o tenere_fw-la juraverat_fw-la ejusque_fw-la infractores_fw-la ab_fw-la omnibus_fw-la angliae_fw-la episcopis_fw-la in_o praesentia_fw-la sua_fw-la &_o totius_fw-la baronagii_fw-la horribiliter_fw-la fecit_fw-la excommunicari_fw-la &_o ipse_fw-la unus_fw-la fuerat_fw-la excommunicantium_fw-la so_o as_o the_o excommunication_n here_o mean_v be_v that_o of_o 37_o h._n 3._o then_o make_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o king_n great_a man_n and_o communitatis_fw-la populi_n be_v here_o say_v to_o be_v do_v in_o praesentia_fw-la totius_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la i_o will_v conclude_v this_o head_n with_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n that_o valiant_a and_o great_a prince_n e._n 4._o after_o the_o overthrow_n 7._o of_o his_o enemy_n and_o peaceful_a possession_n of_o the_o crown_n assist_v with_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n his_o duke_n earls_z viscount_n and_o baron_n with_o the_o great_a man_n or_o knight_n of_o the_o county_n and_o commons_o in_o full_a parliament_n have_v leave_v this_o record_v to_o posterity_n they_o call_v this_o great_a charter_n the_o laudable_a statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la which_o statute_n be_v make_v for_o the_o great_a wealth_n of_o this_o land_n upon_o which_o magna_n charta_fw-la the_o great_a sentence_n and_o apostolic_a curse_n by_o a_o great_a number_n of_o bishop_n be_v pronounce_v against_o the_o breaker_n of_o the_o same_o and_o the_o same_o sentence_n be_v four_o time_n in_o the_o year_n open_o declare_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o holy_a church_n and_o in_o affirmance_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o the_o say_v great_a charter_n divers_a statute_n have_v be_v make_v and_o ordain_v and_o great_a reason_n certain_o they_o have_v to_o put_v so_o high_a a_o value_n on_o that_o so_o famous_a charter_n since_o the_o substantial_a part_n of_o the_o law_n thereof_o be_v no_o less_o than_o the_o great_a result_v decree_n and_o judgement_n ordain_v by_o the_o prudence_n and_o justice_n of_o the_o british_a saxon_a and_o danish_a dynasty_n found_v upon_o two_o grand_a and_o principal_a base_n or_o pillar_n liberty_n and_o property_n which_o like_o those_o two_o brazen_a one_o call_v boaz_n and_o jachin_n support_v the_o temple_n of_o solomon_n uphold_v the_o totter_a frame_n and_o fabric_n of_o our_o ancient_a government_n though_o often_o by_o evil_a man_n design_v to_o be_v overthrow_v a_o charter_n empta_fw-la &_o redempta_fw-la ãâ¦ã_z purchase_v and_o redeem_v with_o vast_a treasure_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o the_o effusion_n of_o a_o sea_n of_o christian_a blood_n a_o law_n publish_v and_o establish_v with_o fearful_a execration_n and_o terrible_a curse_n against_o the_o infringer_n and_o breaker_n thereof_o and_o all_o do_v with_o that_o religious_a solemnity_n and_o profound_a ceremony_n as_o it_o may_v seem_v inferior_a only_o to_o that_o of_o the_o commandment_n of_o almighty_a god_n give_v to_o the_o jewish_a nation_n all_o great_a minister_n of_o state_n and_o 37._o justice_n be_v at_o their_o entrance_n into_o their_o office_n solemn_o to_o swear_v the_o observation_n thereof_o and_o great_a reason_n there_o be_v for_o the_o make_n of_o this_o law_n both_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o king_n and_o also_o the_o kingdom_n for_o that_o parliament_n well_o know_v the_o woeful_a confusion_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o who_o be_v seduce_v by_o his_o two_o minion_n the_o spencer_n for_o want_v of_o observe_v the_o good_a old_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o england_n cut_v off_o the_o head_n of_o thomas_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n his_o uncle_n that_o be_v the_o first_o act_n of_o shed_v the_o sacred_a royal_a blood_n by_o colour_n of_o law_n i_o ever_o meet_v withal_o in_o history_n they_o usurp_v royal_a power_n they_o send_v the_o queen_n and_o prince_n afterward_o great_a edward_n the_o three_o beyond_o sea_n and_o prevail_v with_o e._n 2._o to_o declare_v the_o queen_n and_o prince_n traitor_n they_o monopolise_v the_o king_n eye_n ear_n and_o his_o whole_a understanding_n so_o that_o the_o king_n nothing_o do_v or_o will_v do_v but_o what_o they_o do_v counsel_v he_o 65._o be_v it_o never_o so_o great_a wrong_n and_o if_o any_o have_v the_o courage_n to_o complain_v against_o they_o or_o so_o much_o as_o fetch_v a_o loyal_a sigh_n or_o lament_v the_o hard_a fate_n of_o the_o king_n then_o impose_v upon_o by_o those_o favourite_n they_o be_v brand_v with_o arraign_v the_o government_n strike_v at_o the_o foundation_n of_o state_n and_o be_v guilty_a of_o treason_n and_o what_o not_o the_o consequence_n of_o who_o unhappy_a counsel_n and_o policy_n be_v too_o well_o know_v in_o history_n to_o have_v be_v the_o ruin_n both_o of_o the_o king_n and_o themselves_o the_o priest_n and_o confessor_n be_v chartam_fw-la strict_o command_v to_o frame_v and_o direct_v the_o conscience_n of_o the_o people_n to_o the_o observation_n and_o obedience_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n and_o they_o do_v so_o not_o like_o the_o sibthorps_n and_o manwaring_n of_o late_a time_n who_o by_o their_o flattery_n of_o prerogative_n for_o their_o own_o promotion_n seek_v to_o ruin_v the_o subject_n property_n observation_n iii_o the_o various_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n baro_n and_o that_o under_o the_o phrase_n of_o baronagium_fw-la angliae_fw-la both_o lord_n and_o commons_o be_v comprehend_v as_o to_o the_o word_n baro_n it_o be_v 3._o not_o much_o more_o in_o use_n before_o â73_n william_n i._o obtain_v the_o english_a diadem_n that_o i_o can_v find_v than_o the_o word_n commune_v baro_n britanni_n pro_fw-la svo_fw-la non_fw-la agnoscunt_fw-la in_o anglo-saxonic_a be_v legibus_fw-la nusquam_fw-la comparet_fw-la nec_fw-la in_o alfrici_fw-la glossario_fw-la saxonico_n inter_fw-la dignitatum_fw-la vocabula_fw-la habetur_fw-la for_o the_o english_a saxon_n call_v those_o in_o their_o own_o language_n âalâepmen_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v name_v comites_fw-la and_o the_o dane_n earl_n but_o of_o so_o extensive_a a_o import_n in_o its_o signification_n as_o we_o read_v of_o aldermani_fw-la regis_fw-la aldermani_fw-la comitatus_fw-la 25._o civitatis_fw-la burgi_n castelli_n hundredi_n sive_fw-la wapentachii_fw-la &_o novem_fw-la decimorum_fw-la so_o according_a to_o the_o strict_a word_n they_o have_v whole_a regiment_n of_o earl_n the_o great_a title_n of_o which_o 71._o seldom_o if_o at_o all_o descend_v hereditary_o till_o the_o confessor_n time_n and_o after_o will._n i._o become_v king_n the_o word_n âalâepman_n begin_v to_o change_v and_o vary_v its_o signification_n and_o in_o room_n of_o aldermani_n regis_n we_o find_v barones_n regis_fw-la for_o aldermani_fw-la comitatus_fw-la barones_n comitatus_fw-la for_o aldermani_fw-la civitatis_fw-la barones_n civitatis_fw-la for_o aldermani_n burgorum_n barones_n burgorum_n for_o aldermani_fw-la castellorum_fw-la barones_n castellorum_fw-la for_o aldermani_fw-la hundredorum_fw-la barones_n hundredorum_fw-la sive_fw-la wapentachiorum_fw-la sir_n henry_n spelman_n say_v that_o simplices_fw-la 70._o villarum_fw-la maneriorum_fw-la domini_fw-la de_fw-la quocunque_fw-la tenentes_fw-la qui_fw-la sacham_n &_o socham_n habent_fw-la be_v ancient_o call_v barones_n and_o all_o freeholder_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la tam_fw-la 658._o in_o soccagio_fw-it quam_fw-la per_fw-la servitium_fw-la militare_fw-la have_v the_o title_n of_o barones_n
and_o in_o his_o species_n of_o barones_n comitatus_fw-la say_v proceres_fw-la nempe_fw-la &_o maneriorum_fw-la domini_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la libere_fw-la quique_fw-la tenentes_fw-la anglice_fw-la freeholder_n have_v that_o appellation_n notandum_fw-la autem_fw-la est_fw-la libere_fw-la hos_fw-la tenentes_fw-la nec_fw-la tam_fw-la exile_n olim_fw-la fuisse_fw-la nec_fw-la tam_fw-la vulgares_fw-la ut_fw-la hodie_fw-la deprehenduntur_fw-la the_o great_a selden_n in_o his_o note_n 168._o upon_o eadmerus_n upon_o the_o word_n barones_n say_v vocabulum_fw-la nempe_fw-la alia_fw-la notione_fw-la usurpari_fw-la quam_fw-la vulgo_fw-la neque_fw-la eos_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la ut_fw-la hodie_fw-la significare_fw-la quibus_fw-la peculiaris_fw-la ordinum_fw-la comitiis_fw-la locus_fw-la est_fw-la and_o the_o learned_a camden_n write_v 61._o verum_fw-la baro_n ex_fw-la illis_fw-la nominibus_fw-la videatur_fw-la quae_fw-la tempus_fw-la paulatim_fw-la meliora_fw-la &_o mollior_fw-la a_o reddidit_fw-la nam_fw-la longo_fw-la post_fw-la tempore_fw-la non_fw-la milites_fw-la sed_fw-la qui_fw-la liberi_fw-la erant_fw-la domini_fw-la &_o 24â_n thani_fw-la saxonibus_fw-la dicebantur_fw-la barones_n vocari_fw-la coeperunt_fw-la necdum_fw-la magni_fw-la honoris_fw-la er_fw-mi at_o paulo_fw-la autem_fw-la postea_fw-la mean_v after_o the_o norman_n come_v eo_fw-la honoris_fw-la per_fw-la venit_fw-la ut_fw-la nomine_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angliae_fw-la omnes_fw-la quodammodo_fw-la regni_fw-la ordines_fw-la continerentur_fw-la the_o authority_n of_o these_o most_o learned_a antiquary_n be_v such_o that_o it_o will_v be_v a_o presumption_n in_o i_o to_o go_v about_o to_o add_v any_o thing_n i_o shall_v only_o say_v i_o have_v meet_v with_o some_o record_n that_o clear_o prove_v their_o opinion_n and_o for_o illustration_n shall_v subjoin_v one_o record_n more_o and_o so_o conclude_v this_o point_n anno_fw-la 29_o h._n 3._o great_a complaint_n be_v make_v in_o parliament_n against_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n exaction_n here_o in_o england_n whereupon_o anno_fw-la 29_o h._n 3._o litterae_fw-la missae_fw-la cardinalibus_fw-la contemporaââo_fw-la romanae_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la apud_fw-la lugdunum_n à _fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o universis_fw-la baronagii_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la per_fw-la rogerum_fw-la bigod_n comitem_fw-la norff._n willielmum_fw-la de_fw-la cantelupo_n johannem_fw-la filium_fw-la galfridi_fw-la radulphum_fw-la filium_fw-la nicholai_n philippum_fw-la basset_n barones_n procuratores_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angliae_fw-la tunc_fw-la temporis_fw-la innocentio_n papa_n quarto_fw-la celebrante_fw-la concilium_fw-la ibi_fw-la generale_fw-mi anno_fw-la gratiae_fw-la 1245._o venerabilibus_fw-la in_o christo_fw-la fratribus_fw-la concilium_fw-la universis_fw-la &_o singulis_fw-la dei_fw-la gratia_fw-la salutem_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la &_o universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n electi_fw-la sunt_fw-la igitur_fw-la write_v mat._n paris_n 10._o ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la nomine_fw-la totius_fw-la universitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la ad_fw-la concilium_fw-la lugdunense_fw-la missi_fw-la comes_fw-la rogerus_fw-la bigod_n johannes_n filius_fw-la galfridi_fw-la willielmus_fw-la de_fw-fr cantelupo_n philippus_n bassett_n radulphus_fw-la filius_fw-la nicholai_n milites_fw-la say_v mat._n westm._n p._n 321._o l._n 30._o magister_fw-la willielmus_fw-la powic_n clericus_fw-la another_o letter_n be_v send_v per_fw-la 466._o magnates_fw-la &_o universitatem_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la super_fw-la extortionibus_fw-la curiae_fw-la romanae_fw-la to_o the_o pope_n himself_o who_o negotium_fw-la posuit_fw-la in_o suspenso_fw-la the_o ambassador_n return_v and_o a_o second_o parliament_n be_v call_v at_o westm._n the_o record_n go_v on_o articuli_fw-la gravaminum_fw-la &_o oppressionum_fw-la praenotatâ_n quibus_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la oppressum_fw-la fuit_fw-la temporibus_fw-la henrici_fw-la silij_fw-la regis_fw-la johannis_n per_fw-la curiam_fw-la romanam_fw-la quae_fw-la scilicet_fw-la ostensa_fw-la fuerint_fw-la cardinalibus_fw-la romanae_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la &_o ......._o innocentio_n papae_fw-la quarto_fw-la ore_fw-la tenus_fw-la per_fw-la procuratores_fw-la praedicti_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o generali_fw-la concilio_n apud_fw-la lugdunum_n &_o quod_fw-la gravamina_fw-la dictus_fw-la papa_n procuratoribus_fw-la dederit_fw-la in_o praemissis_fw-la ad_fw-la revocanda_fw-la quae_fw-la scilicet_fw-la gravamina_fw-la non_fw-la revocata_fw-la postea_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la &_o universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angliae_fw-la conquerentes_fw-la ostenderunt_fw-la praedicto_fw-la regi_fw-la in_o concilio_n habito_fw-la apud_fw-la westm._fw-la in_o proxima_fw-la quadragesima_fw-la sequenti_fw-la post_fw-la praedictum_fw-la concilium_fw-la whereupon_o by_o common_a advice_n papam_fw-la it_o be_v agree_v to_o send_v ambassador_n with_o second_o letter_n of_o their_o grievance_n to_o the_o pope_n at_o rome_n direct_v thus_o sanctissimo_fw-la etc._n etc._n devoti_fw-la london_n silii_fw-la svi_fw-la comes_fw-la cornubiae_fw-la richardus_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o alii_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la barones_n proceres_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la ac_fw-la nobiles_fw-la portuum_fw-la maris_fw-la habitatores_fw-la necnon_fw-la &_o clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la universus_fw-la salutem_fw-la matthew_n paris_n call_v this_o a_o parlialâament_n 1246._o convenientibus_fw-la igitur_fw-la ad_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la and_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o first_o message_n in_o the_o close_a roll_n 29_o h._n 3._o rex_fw-la abbati_n de_fw-la sancto_fw-it t._n edmundo_n salutem_fw-la cum_fw-la pro_fw-la oppressionibus_fw-la innumerabilibus_fw-la factis_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la per_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la romanam_fw-la ob_fw-la quam_fw-la magnates_fw-la nostri_fw-la ad_fw-la sedem_fw-la apostolicam_fw-la appellarunt_fw-la &_o quosdam_fw-la pro_fw-la ipsis_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la universitate_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angliae_fw-la ad_fw-la concilium_fw-la in_o brevi_fw-la celebrandum_fw-la ad_fw-la appellationem_fw-la svam_fw-la prosequendam_fw-la duxerunt_fw-la destinandos_fw-la and_o indeed_o record_n and_o history_n will_v furnish_v we_o with_o several_a precedent_n where_o succeed_a parliament_n as_o well_o as_o these_o of_o h._n 3._o have_v send_v letter_n to_o the_o pope_n when_o he_o attempt_v to_o invade_v the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n or_o kingdom_n i_o will_v give_v two_o instance_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o the_o two_o famous_a prince_n edward_n the_o first_o and_o edward_z the_o three_o 1._o edward_n the_o first_o an._n 29_o of_o his_o reign_n claim_v scotland_n as_o rex_fw-la &_o superior_a dominus_fw-la the_o pope_n as_o a_o fiefe_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n the_o pope_n back_v by_o the_o french_a king_n summons_n edw._n to_o appear_v before_o he_o in_o his_o court_n at_o rome_n and_o send_v his_o letter_n or_o bull_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n to_o serve_v they_o the_o archbishop_n obey_v the_o king_n tell_v he_o verum_fw-la quia_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la est_fw-la regni_fw-la apostolicas_fw-la angliae_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o negotiis_fw-la contingentibus_fw-la statum_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la regni_fw-la requiratur_fw-la consilium_fw-la omnium_fw-la quos_fw-la res_fw-la tangit_fw-la and_o short_o after_o summon_v his_o parliament_n at_o lincoln_n in_o octabis_n sancti_fw-la hillarii_n to_o advise_v with_o his_o parliament_n how_o to_o defend_v the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n against_o the_o papal_a claim_n the_o parliament_n thereupon_o send_v their_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n subscribe_v and_o seal_v by_o several_a of_o the_o principal_a man_n of_o the_o parliament_n as_o 4â_n the_o usage_n of_o that_o age_n be_v tell_v he_o that_o sane_fw-la convocato_fw-la nuper_fw-la per_fw-la serenissimum_fw-la dominum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la edwardum_fw-la dei_fw-la gratia_fw-la regem_fw-la angliae_fw-la illustrem_fw-la parliamento_fw-la apud_fw-la lincolniam_fw-la generali_fw-la the_o king_n have_v cause_v the_o pope_n letter_n in_o medio_fw-la or_o pleno_fw-la parliamento_fw-la exhiberi_fw-la ac_fw-la seriose_fw-la nobis_fw-la fecit_fw-la exponi_fw-la unde_fw-la habito_fw-la tractatu_fw-la &_o deliberatione_n diligenti_fw-la super_fw-la contentis_fw-la in_o litter_n be_v vestris_fw-la memoratis_fw-la communis_fw-la concor_fw-la &_o unanimus_fw-la omnium_fw-la nostrum_fw-la &_o singulorum_fw-la consensus_fw-la fuit_fw-la est_fw-la &_o erit_fw-la inconcusse_fw-la deo_fw-la propitio_fw-la in_o futurum_fw-la quod_fw-la praefatus_fw-la dominus_fw-la noster_fw-la rex_fw-la super_fw-la juribus_fw-la regni_fw-la scotiae_fw-la aut_fw-la aliis_fw-la suis_fw-la temporalibus_fw-la nullatenus_fw-la respondeat_fw-la judicialiter_fw-la coram_fw-la vobis_fw-la nec_fw-la judicium_fw-la subeat_fw-la quoquo_fw-la modo_fw-la aut_fw-la jura_fw-la sua_fw-la praedicta_fw-la in_o dubium_fw-la quaestionis_fw-la deducat_fw-la nec_fw-la ad_fw-la praesentiam_fw-la vestram_fw-la procuratores_fw-la aut_fw-la nuncios_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la mittat_fw-la praecipue_fw-la cum_fw-la praemissa_fw-la cederent_fw-la manifest_a in_fw-la exhaereditationem_fw-la juris_fw-la coronae_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o regiae_n dignitatis_fw-la ac_fw-la subversionem_fw-la status_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la regni_fw-la notoriam_fw-la necnon_fw-la in_o praejudicium_fw-la libertatis_fw-la consuetudinum_fw-la &_o legum_fw-la paternarum_fw-la ad_fw-la quarum_fw-la observationem_fw-la &_o defensionem_fw-la ex_fw-la debito_fw-la praestiti_fw-la ãâ¦ã_z juramenti_fw-la astringimur_fw-la &_o quae_fw-la in_o manu_fw-la tenebimus_fw-la toto_fw-la posse_fw-la totisque_fw-la viribus_fw-la cum_fw-la dei_fw-la auxilio_fw-la defendemus_fw-la nec_fw-la etiam_fw-la permit_v ãâ¦ã_z s_o nec_fw-la aliqualitââ_n per_fw-la ãâ¦ã_z mus_fw-ge sicut_fw-la non_fw-la possumus_fw-la nec_fw-la debemus_fw-la praemissa_fw-la tam_fw-la insolita_fw-la indebita_fw-la praejudicialia_fw-la &_o alius_fw-la inaudita_fw-la praelibatum_fw-la dominum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la regem_fw-la etiam_fw-la si_fw-la vellet_fw-la facere_fw-la seu_fw-la modo_fw-la quolibet_fw-la attemptare_fw-la quocirca_fw-la sanctitati_fw-la vestrae_fw-la reverenter_fw-la &_o humiliter_fw-la supplicamus_fw-la quatenus_fw-la eundem_fw-la dominum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la regem_fw-la