Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	great_a	king_n	philip_n	3,390	5	9.0449	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A69789	The history of Poland. vol. 2 in several letters to persons of quality, giving an account of the antient and present state of that kingdom, historical, geographical, physical, political and ecclesiastical ... : with sculptures, and a new map after the best geographers : with several letters relating to physick / by Bern. Connor ... who, in his travels in that country, collected these memoirs from the best authors and his own observations ; publish'd by the care and assistance of Mr. Savage.	Connor, Bernard, 1666?-1698.; Savage, John, 1673-1747.	1698 (1698)	Wing C5889; ESTC R8630	198,540	426

city_n have_v always_o above_o 2000_o soldier_n in_o service_n and_o they_o can_v easy_o maintain_v 12000_o but_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n they_o have_v be_v know_v to_o have_v raise_v 60000._o for_o ship_n they_o have_v no_o man_n of_o war_n but_o abundance_n of_o merchantman_n of_o 3_o or_o 400_o tun_n each_o and_o 30_o or_o 40_o gun_n apiece_o they_o never_o trade_n so_o far_o as_o the_o east_n or_o west-indies_n but_o into_o the_o straits_n and_o all_o over_o europe_n they_o do_v prussia_n here_o it_o may_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o give_v your_o excellency_n some_o short_a account_n of_o their_o present_a coin_n in_o dantzick_n but_o first_o by_o way_n of_o digression_n i_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o coin_n which_o the_o teutonic_n order_v bring_v into_o prussia_n not_o prove_v sufficient_a to_o furnish_v that_o country_n with_o money_n those_o knight_n soon_o begin_v to_o set_v up_o mint_n and_o to_o coin_v money_n of_o their_o own_o there_o which_o they_o perform_v with_o so_o much_o accuracy_n that_o most_o nation_n have_v allow_v that_o wherever_o invent_v the_o art_n of_o coin_v be_v there_o first_o bring_v to_o perfection_n this_o have_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o great_a antiquary_n spelman_n who_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o our_o english_a word_n sterling_n come_v from_o the_o easterling_n a_o people_n of_o prussia_n and_o who_o come_v from_o thence_o into_o england_n first_o teach_v we_o the_o art_n of_o refine_v and_o coin_v pure_a silver_n than_o we_o have_v before_o make_v use_n of_o dantzic_n the_o species_n of_o money_n now_o current_a in_o prussia_n or_o rather_o in_o dantzic_n be_v these_o gold_n ducat_n ourt_n choustack_n and_o chelons_n a_o ducat_n be_v worth_a two_o rixdollar_n or_o 9_o shilling_n english_a a_o ourt_n be_v a_o silver_n coin_n equal_a to_o the_o french_a piece_n of_o 15_o sous_fw-fr and_o worth_a 18_o gross_v of_o dantzic_n and_o 30_o of_o poland_n a_o choustack_n be_v of_o the_o value_n of_o 6_o dantzic-grosses_a or_o 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casimir_n iii_o king_n of_o poland_n surname_v the_o great_a regain_v it_o in_o 1454_o and_o grant_v very_o great_a privilege_n to_o the_o citizen_n who_o afterward_o declare_v for_o the_o auspurg-confession_n side_v with_o maximilian_n of_o austria_n against_o stephen_n batori_fw-la insomuch_o that_o the_o latter_a proscribe_v and_o even_o besiege_v they_o in_o 1577._o but_o however_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o other_o prince_n they_o be_v restore_v to_o their_o religion_n and_o liberty_n in_o 1597._o in_o 1656._o they_o vigorous_o repulse_v the_o suede_n and_o adhere_v to_o the_o interest_n of_o john_n casimir_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o at_o present_a they_o make_v one_o of_o the_o member_n of_o this_o state_n have_v be_v admit_v to_o a_o suffrage_n in_o the_o election_n of_o the_o polish_v monarch_n in_o the_o year_n 1632._o king_n this_o my_o lord_n be_v what_o i_o have_v be_v able_a to_o gather_v from_o dr._n connor_n memoir_n and_o the_o best_a author_n that_o have_v write_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o poland_n and_o of_o the_o famous_a city_n of_o dantzic_n and_o wherein_o if_o i_o may_v not_o be_v so_o happy_a as_o to_o correspond_v every_o where_o with_o your_o excellency_n great_a knowledge_n of_o those_o matter_n i_o hope_v at_o least_o i_o may_v be_v excuse_v upon_o account_n of_o my_o good_a will_n to_o entertain_v you_o and_o the_o public_a as_o far_o as_o my_o assistance_n go_v which_o if_o grant_v will_v abundant_o recompense_v the_o endeavour_n of_o my_o lord_n your_o excellency_n most_o humble_a servant_n j._n s._n letter_n viii_o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a charles_n earl_n of_o burlington_n of_o the_o origin_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n and_o the_o succession_n of_o all_o its_o great_a master_n in_o the_o holy-land_n prussia_n and_o germany_n together_o with_o its_o present_a state_n in_o the_o empire_n my_o lord_n dr_n connor_n have_v design_v this_o letter_n for_o your_o lordship_n entertainment_n and_o not_o have_v have_v leisure_n to_o accomplish_v it_o himself_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o urgency_n of_o his_o profession_n desire_v of_o i_o to_o address_v it_o for_o he_o but_o upon_o a_o just_a reflection_n on_o the_o meanness_n of_o my_o ability_n and_o a_o awful_a regard_n to_o your_o lordship_n grandeur_n i_o find_v i_o have_v more_o than_o ordinary_a reason_n to_o decline_v it_o yet_o however_o upon_o balance_v your_o goodness_n with_o your_o great_a quality_n and_o consider_v my_o well_o mean_v at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o my_o attempt_n i_o hope_v i_o may_v not_o be_v so_o unfortunate_a as_o to_o offend_v if_o i_o undertake_v it_o and_o the_o rather_o because_o of_o the_o great_a conformity_n which_o the_o subject_n i_o be_v to_o write_v of_o have_v with_o the_o hope_n which_o the_o nation_n have_v in_o you_o my_o lord_n order_n your_o lordship_n will_v here_o find_v that_o this_o order_n be_v first_o found_v to_o reward_n and_o encourage_v great_a action_n and_o that_o particular_o in_o the_o german_a nation_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o have_v the_o title_n of_o teutonic_n for_o when_o the_o emperor_n frederic_n barberossa_n have_v engage_v in_o the_o crusade_n for_o recovery_n of_o the_o holy-land_n a_o great_a number_n of_o german_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n join_v his_o army_n as_o volunteer_n of_o this_o crusade_n be_v several_a other_o great_a prince_n of_o europe_n such_o as_o philip_n king_n of_o france_n richard_n i._o king_n of_o england_n frederic_n duke_n of_o suabia_n the_o duke_n of_o austria_n and_o bavaria_n philip_n earl_n of_o flanders_n plorant_fw-la earl_n of_o holland_n etc._n etc._n after_o this_o emperor_n death_n the_o german_n be_v before_o acon_n or_o ptolemais_n which_o they_o then_o besiege_v choose_v for_o their_o leader_n frederick_n duke_n of_o suabia_n second_o son_n to_o the_o aforesaid_a emperor_n and_o henry_n duke_n of_o brabant_n under_o these_o general_n they_o behave_v themselves_o so_o well_o both_o at_o the_o take_n of_o acon_n jerusalem_n and_o other_o place_n of_o the_o holy-land_n that_o henry_n king_n of_o jerusalem_n the_o patriarch_n and_o several_a other_o prince_n think_v themselves_o oblige_v to_o do_v something_o extraordinary_a in_o honour_n of_o the_o german_a nation_n hereupon_o they_o immediate_o resolve_v to_o erect_v a_o order_n of_o knight_n of_o that_o nation_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o st._n george_n but_o afterward_o they_o change_v that_o saint_n for_o the_o virgin_n mary_n by_o reason_n that_o she_o have_v a_o hospital_n already_o found_v on_o mount_n zion_n at_o jerusalem_n for_o the_o relief_n of_o german_a pilgrim_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o building_n which_o ashmole_n in_o his_o order_n of_o the_o garter_n give_v this_o follow_a account_n jerusalem_n he_o say_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o holy-war_n a_o wealthy_a gentleman_n of_o germany_n who_o dwell_v at_o jerusalem_n commiserate_v the_o condition_n of_o his_o countryman_n come_v thither_o on_o devotion_n and_o neither_o understanding_n the_o language_n of_o that_o place_n nor_o know_v where_o to_o lodge_v receive_v they_o hospitable_o into_o his_o house_n and_o give_v they_o all_o manner_n of_o suitable_a entertainment_n afterward_o obtain_v leave_n of_o the_o patriarch_n he_o erect_v a_o chapel_n for_o they_o and_o dedicate_v it_o to_o the_o virgin_n mary_n whence_o the_o knight_n that_o be_v establish_v there_o afterward_o come_v to_o have_v the_o title_n of_o equites_fw-la mariani_n other_o german_a gentleman_n contribute_v large_o to_o the_o maintain_n and_o increase_n this_o charitable_a work_n insomuch_o that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n these_o knight_n become_v very_o numerous_a and_o wealthy_a and_o give_v themselves_o to_o military_a employment_n and_o to_o act_n of_o piety_n and_o charity_n title_n in_o the_o year_n 1190_o they_o elect_v their_o first_o great_a master_n henry_n walpot_n and_o in_o the_o year_n follow_v have_v their_o order_n confirm_v upon_o the_o request_n of_o

any_o condition_n to_o become_v master_n of_o so_o considerable_a a_o kingdom_n to_o which_o he_o have_v no_o right_a either_o by_o birth_n or_o other_o claim_n and_o more_o especial_o since_o these_o condition_n be_v neither_o rigorous_a nor_o dishonourable_a but_o such_o as_o be_v decent_o consistent_a with_o the_o regal_a character_n he_o be_v to_o be_v invest_v with_o republic_n thus_o the_o polish_v gentry_n of_o a_o kind_n of_o monarchical_a government_n have_v in_o time_n make_v a_o perfect_a republic_n consist_v of_o three_o order_n the_o king_n senate_n and_o gentry_n which_o they_o call_v the_o nobility_n poland_n here_o my_o lord_n i_o must_v take_v notice_n to_o your_o grace_n that_o the_o polish_v nation_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o sort_n of_o people_n the_o gentry_n or_o freeborn_a subject_n who_o be_v hardly_o a_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o vassal_n who_o be_v no_o better_a than_o slave_n to_o the_o gentry_n for_o they_o have_v no_o benefit_n of_o the_o law_n can_v buy_v no_o estate_n nor_o enjoy_v any_o property_n no_o more_o than_o our_o negro_n in_o the_o west-indies_n can_n and_o this_o because_o some_o age_n since_o the_o common_a people_n revolt_a against_o their_o lord_n and_o have_v drive_v they_o out_o of_o the_o nation_n the_o gentry_n come_v with_o a_o foreign_a power_n and_o reduce_v they_o to_o a_o great_a subjection_n than_o before_o in_o which_o they_o have_v be_v keep_v ever_o since_o so_o that_o the_o government_n of_o poland_n at_o present_a comprehend_v only_o the_o king_n and_o gentry_n by_o a_o gentleman_n or_o nobleman_n of_o poland_n be_v understand_v a_o person_n who_o either_o himself_n or_o his_o family_n have_v a_o possession_n in_o land_n for_o they_o never_o intermarry_v with_o the_o common_a people_n all_o the_o gentry_n from_o the_o king_n son_n to_o those_o that_o be_v but_o only_a master_n of_o a_o acre_n of_o land_n be_v equal_o noble_a both_o by_o their_o birth_n and_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o no_o body_n be_v bear_v either_o a_o palatine_n senator_n or_o lord_n but_o those_o title_n be_v always_o annex_v to_o certain_a employment_n which_o the_o king_n only_o give_v to_o person_n advance_v in_o age_n and_o recommend_v by_o their_o merit_n diet._n the_o diet_n of_o poland_n in_o some_o respect_n resemble_v our_o parliament_n be_v make_v up_o of_o two_o house_n the_o house_n of_o senator_n answerable_a to_o our_o house_n of_o lord_n and_o the_o house_n of_o nuncio_n not_o unlike_o our_o house_n of_o commons_o the_o senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n palatine_n castellan_n and_o the_o ten_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o all_o about_o 142._o in_o the_o upper-house_n the_o senator_n sit_v not_o by_o any_o writ_n of_o summons_n or_o letter_n patent_n as_o in_o england_n but_o only_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o great_a preferment_n in_o the_o king_n gift_n which_o they_o enjoy_v for_o life_n so_o that_o the_o king_n whole_o constitute_v the_o upper_a 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the_o universal_a consent_n and_o concurrence_n of_o this_o parliament_n which_o they_o term_v the_o free_a state_n of_o poland_n government_n several_a powerful_a motive_n have_v incline_v the_o pole_n to_o establish_v this_o kind_n of_o mix_a government_n which_o they_o take_v to_o be_v a_o just_a temperament_n of_o whatever_o be_v to_o be_v find_v most_o excellent_a in_o the_o several_a monarchy_n aristocracy_n and_o democracy_n that_o have_v be_v in_o the_o world_n the_o most_o considerable_a of_o which_o motive_n as_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o they_o in_o their_o history_n or_o learn_v they_o from_o the_o most_o know_v among_o their_o native_n be_v as_o follow_v motive_n first_o they_o think_v by_o this_o judicious_a choice_n of_o a_o government_n to_o preserve_v their_o kingdom_n from_o those_o disorder_n which_o most_o common_o attend_v absolute_a monarchy_n agree_v herein_o with_o that_o prince_n of_o philosopher_n aristotle_n who_o though_o he_o prefer_v this_o kind_n of_o government_n to_o all_o other_o yet_o be_v he_o nevertheless_o oblige_v to_o own_o that_o when_o ever_o it_o degenerate_v it_o be_v the_o most_o pernicious_a of_o all_o thus_o the_o pole_n have_v temper_v the_o exorbitant_a power_n of_o their_o king_n with_o the_o mixture_n of_o two_o other_o government_n whereby_o they_o think_v to_o secure_v their_o liberty_n a_o thing_n always_o most_o dear_a to_o they_o from_o the_o arbitrary_a will_n of_o a_o prince_n who_o by_o imagine_v himself_o above_o the_o law_n may_v fancy_n whatever_o his_o passion_n prompt_v he_o to_o allowable_a and_o his_o true_a interest_n to_o be_v the_o entire_a subjection_n of_o his_o people_n the_o miserable_a example_n of_o their_o neighbour_n the_o turk_n and_o moscovite_n have_v sufficient_o convince_v they_o of_o this_o truth_n wherefore_o the_o polish_v nation_n think_v it_o but_o convenient_a to_o limit_v the_o excessive_a power_n of_o their_o king_n and_o confine_v they_o to_o rule_v with_o more_o moderation_n and_o justice_n motive_n second_o the_o pole_n have_v observe_v as_o well_o from_o their_o own_o government_n as_o from_o that_o of_o their_o neighbour_n that_o no_o small_a disadvantage_n have_v flow_v from_o a_o aristocracy_n they_o can_v not_o be_v persuade_v but_o that_o the_o authority_n of_o one_o person_n be_v infinite_o more_o easy_a to_o be_v tolerate_v than_o that_o of_o many_o for_o that_o either_o the_o ambition_n or_o jealousy_n of_o such_o will_v often_o disturb_v the_o repose_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o the_o public_a poland_n also_o begin_v to_o reflect_v upon_o its_o former_a misery_n under_o its_o woievod_n when_o it_o be_v deplorable_o rend_v and_o tear_v by_o the_o faction_n among_o those_o palatine_n insomuch_o that_o even_o while_o it_o become_v a_o conqueror_n from_o without_o it_o be_v vanquish_v within_o and_o that_o by_o its_o own_o force_n this_o give_v the_o pole_n no_o small_a dislike_n to_o a_o aristocracy_n which_o they_o have_v resolve_v never_o more_o to_o admit_v among_o they_o motive_n the_o three_o reason_n of_o state_n which_o have_v oblige_v the_o pole_n to_o reject_v a_o democracy_n be_v that_o they_o look_v upon_o that_o sort_n of_o government_n to_o be_v the_o most_o dangerous_a of_o all_o be_v the_o easy_a inflame_v and_o the_o great_a enemy_n to_o true_a nobility_n its_o first_o maxim_n be_v to_o procure_v a_o universal_a level_v or_o make_v all_o alike_o whereby_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o common_a liberty_n they_o weaken_v and_o enervate_v those_o great_a genius_n which_o be_v design_v to_o govern_v and_o protect_v they_o how_o then_o can_v it_o be_v expect_v that_o the_o descendants_n of_o those_o mighty_a warrior_n who_o found_v the_o polish_v nation_n and_o have_v so_o long_o maintain_v the_o honour_n of_o it_o by_o their_o valour_n shall_v submit_v to_o have_v their_o blood_n debase_v by_o mix_v it_o with_o the_o ignoble_a vulgar_a the_o tyranny_n of_o law_n which_o the_o noble_n be_v subject_v to_o in_o a_o absolute_a commonwealth_n will_v be_v too_o rude_a a_o check_n to_o this_o ambition_n which_o the_o pole_n have_v always_o have_v to_o command_v over_o their_o vassal_n and_o therefore_o they_o have_v always_o entertain_v a_o secret_a odium_n for_o those_o grecian_a republic_n that_o banish_v their_o great_a statesman_n mere_o because_o they_o will_v not_o have_v they_o gain_v too_o fast_o upon_o the_o affection_n of_o the_o people_n if_o any_o shall_v perhaps_o doubt_v of_o the_o pernicious_a consequence_n of_o a_o popular_a government_n where_o reason_n do_v not_o so_o much_o reign_v as_o a_o unruly_a violence_n of_o a_o people_n who_o know_v no_o other_o law_n than_o those_o of_o their_o passion_n let_v they_o cast_v their_o eye_n on_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n who_o be_v often_o ready_a to_o overturn_v the_o state_n have_v not_o the_o senate_n speedy_o apply_v a_o prudent_a remedy_n but_o there_o be_v other_o example_n more_o modern_a as_o the_o revolt_n

the_o little_a and_o poor_a sort_n think_v it_o no_o disgrace_n to_o serve_v they_o that_o can_v maintain_v they_o it_o be_v true_a the_o gentleman_n they_o serve_v be_v common_o very_o civil_a to_o they_o for_o the_o elder_a of_o they_o general_o eat_v with_o he_o at_o table_n with_o his_o cap_n off_o and_o every_o one_o of_o they_o have_v a_o peasant-boy_n to_o wait_v on_o he_o which_o the_o master_n maintain_v yet_o if_o any_o one_o of_o these_o gentlemen-servant_n neglect_v his_o duty_n his_o master_n punish_v he_o severe_o though_o he_o have_v no_o power_n to_o take_v away_o his_o life_n because_o he_o be_v a_o gentleman_n but_o he_o may_v get_v he_o whip_v naked_a with_o a_o certain_a formality_n which_o i_o have_v mention_v before_o republic_n it_o may_v not_o be_v here_o amiss_o to_o observe_v to_o your_o lordship_n some_o few_o maxim_n whereby_o the_o republic_n of_o poland_n may_v always_o subsist_v and_o the_o gentry_n retain_v their_o ancient_a privilege_n first_o by_o reduce_v all_o the_o gentry_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o a_o equal_a authority_n in_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n and_o other_o public_a deliberation_n by_o which_o the_o king_n or_o senate_n will_v be_v deprive_v of_o a_o power_n of_o raise_v any_o considerable_a faction_n and_o the_o grandee_n be_v discourage_v from_o affect_v and_o hunt_v after_o foreign_a title_n which_o common_o ensnare_v they_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o their_o country_n second_o by_o keep_v up_o the_o free_a choice_n of_o their_o nuncios_fw-la which_o will_v disable_v the_o court_n and_o senate_n from_o get_v their_o creature_n elect_v to_o the_o utter_a abrogate_a of_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o gentry_n wherein_o the_o pole_n now_o follow_v the_o prudent_a example_n of_o the_o roman_a commonwealth_n three_o by_o preserve_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o gentry_n appear_v in_o great_a number_n at_o the_o diet_n which_o animate_v both_o the_o senate_n and_o deputy_n in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o affair_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o deter_v they_o from_o be_v biased_a by_o any_o sinister_a mean_n four_o by_o oblige_v both_o senator_n and_o deputy_n to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o their_o proceed_n which_o must_v needs_o incline_v they_o to_o act_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o precaution_n five_o by_o prohibit_v the_o army_n to_o come_v near_o the_o great_a assembly_n of_o the_o state_n for_o rome_n never_o enjoy_v so_o great_a happiness_n as_o when_o the_o gown_n have_v preference_n of_o the_o sword_n sixthly_a to_o maintain_v the_o law_n of_o equality_n in_o matter_n of_o descent_n whereby_o the_o gentry_n will_v be_v keep_v at_o a_o even_o lay_v and_o hinder_v from_o disturb_v the_o government_n by_o too_o great_a a_o power_n seven_o never_o to_o prefer_v any_o native_a to_o the_o crown_n because_o of_o the_o great_a disorder_n it_o may_v in_o all_o likelihood_n occasion_n eight_o to_o maintaim_v the_o authority_n of_o their_o democracy_n establish_v for_o so_o many_o age_n by_o the_o prudence_n of_o their_o ancestor_n and_o all_o along_o continue_v with_o no_o small_a hazard_n and_o trouble_v and_o nine_o never_o to_o permit_v any_o foreign_a prince_n to_o intermeddle_v with_o their_o affair_n to_o there_o be_v no_o country_n where_o ambassador_n be_v oblige_v to_o make_v so_o great_a a_o figure_n as_o in_o poland_n especial_o if_o they_o have_v any_o interest_n of_o the_o prince_n their_o master_n to_o maintain_v or_o carry_v on_o in_o the_o diet_n or_o among_o the_o gentry_n for_o the_o great_a man_n there_o general_o despise_v all_o such_o as_o either_o do_v not_o or_o can_v make_v the_o same_o figure_n with_o themselves_o which_o be_v so_o excessive_a that_o a_o ambassador_n must_v have_v three_o remarkable_a quality_n to_o keep_v up_o with_o it_o for_o first_o he_o must_v have_v a_o great_a train_n of_o coach_n and_o servant_n proportionable_a next_o keep_v a_o plentiful_a and_o open_a house_n continual_o to_o treat_v and_o fuddle_v the_o gentry_n and_o where_o he_o must_v be_v very_o humble_a and_o familiar_a with_o they_o they_o be_v general_o very_o civil_a and_o easy_a in_o their_o conversation_n and_o last_o which_o be_v the_o sure_a way_n to_o gain_v their_o affection_n and_o suffrage_n he_o must_v give_v they_o ever_o now_o and_o then_o a_o little_a money_n and_o he_o still_o promise_v they_o more_o for_o reason_n i_o have_v mention_v before_o sword_n when_o the_o great_a man_n of_o poland_n have_v any_o suit_n at_o law_n or_o other_o difference_n to_o be_v determine_v the_o justice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v common_o too_o weak_a for_o they_o for_o though_o the_o diet_n or_o other_o tribunal_n have_v decide_v the_o matter_n in_o favour_n of_o one_o of_o the_o two_o party_n yet_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o judgement_n must_v be_v leave_v to_o the_o power_n of_o the_o strong_a sword_n for_o these_o grandee_n general_o think_v it_o beneath_o they_o to_o submit_v to_o the_o sentence_n of_o a_o company_n of_o judge_n without_o a_o field-battle_n sometime_o they_o will_v raise_v five_o or_o six_o thousand_o of_o a_o side_n plunder_v and_o burn_v one_o another_o town_n and_o city_n and_o besiege_v each_o other_o castle_n and_o fort_n and_o after_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o bloodshed_n fatigue_n and_o expense_n the_o unjust_a cause_o shall_v common_o get_v the_o upper_a hand_n example_n dr._n connor_n say_v when_o he_o be_v in_o poland_n there_o be_v a_o quarrel_n between_o duke_n raazivil_n and_o prince_n sapieha_n about_o whether_o of_o the_o two_o shall_v be_v guardian_n to_o the_o young_a princess_n of_o newbourg_n niece_n to_o the_o present_a empress_n for_o her_o mother_n be_v duchess_n radzivil_n of_o lithuania_n and_o heiress_n of_o the_o great_a estate_n in_o the_o kingdom_n both_o party_n have_v their_o troop_n in_o the_o field_n and_o have_v some_o skirmish_n but_o it_o be_v think_v that_o prince_n sapieha_n be_v great_a general_n of_o the_o force_n of_o lithuania_n will_v get_v the_o better_a though_o it_o seem_v duke_n radzivil_n as_o be_v her_o mother_n relation_n have_v more_o right_o to_o the_o guardianship_n of_o she_o all_o this_o while_n the_o king_n never_o concern_v himself_o in_o the_o quarrel_n nor_o declare_v for_o either_o party_n poland_n as_o to_o matter_n of_o descent_n the_o father_n estate_n be_v always_o equal_o divide_v among_o his_o child_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o in_o italy_n germany_n and_o most_o foreign_a country_n but_o when_o the_o father_n be_v dead_a the_o mother_n can_v enjoy_v all_o his_o estate_n for_o life_n and_o it_o be_v absolute_o in_o her_o breast_n to_o allot_v every_o one_o of_o the_o child_n their_o quota_fw-la or_o to_o keep_v all_o the_o estate_n to_o her_o own_o use_n during_o her_o life_n some_o mother_n marry_v after_o the_o husband_n death_n and_o so_o spend_v their_o first_o child_n fortune_n with_o their_o second_o husband_n this_o make_v the_o child_n more_o than_o ordinary_a obedient_a to_o their_o mother_n especial_o during_o their_o widowhood_n family_n although_o estate_n in_o poland_n be_v equal_o divide_v among_o the_o child_n which_o one_o will_v think_v shall_v absolute_o weaken_v or_o ruin_v their_o family_n yet_o do_v they_o general_o find_v mean_n to_o support_v and_o keep_v they_o up_o for_o most_o common_o some_o of_o the_o brother_n turn_v monk_n and_o so_o get_v to_o be_v make_v abbot_n or_o bishop_n who_o revenue_n be_v here_o sufficient_a to_o enrich_v any_o family_n and_o the_o rest_n look_v after_o state-employment_n which_o be_v likewise_o considerable_a some_o of_o the_o daughter_n also_o many_o time_n become_v nun_n so_o that_o be_v in_o the_o church_n service_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o live_v in_o celibacy_n and_o consequent_o leave_v no_o heir_n all_o their_o good_n or_o estate_n fall_v to_o their_o marry_v brother_n or_o sister_n or_o to_o their_o child_n in_o this_o country_n the_o daughter_n always_o walk_v before_o their_o mother_n as_o in_o italy_n and_o the_o unmarried_a sister_n before_o the_o marry_a effect_n i_o can_v but_o admire_v at_o the_o honest_a and_o good_a temper_n of_o the_o polish_v gentry_n for_o though_o their_o liberty_n be_v extraordinary_a though_o they_o have_v power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n over_o their_o subject_n though_o they_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n above_o their_o own_o law_n and_o though_o justice_n be_v administer_v in_o poland_n more_o slight_o than_o in_o any_o other_o country_n yet_o dr._n connor_n say_v that_o all_o the_o while_n that_o he_o be_v in_o that_o kingdom_n he_o neither_o see_v nor_o hear_v of_o any_o murder_n or_o slaughter_n or_o of_o any_o barbarity_n or_o cruelty_n commit_v by_o the_o gentry_n on_o their_o subject_n nor_o what_o be_v a_o great_a wonder_n of_o any_o highway_n robber_n but_o always_o observe_v the_o pole_n in_o general_a to_o be_v good_a humour_a harmless_a and_o generous_a when_o it_o be_v certain_a have_v

we_o in_o england_n but_o the_o three_o part_n of_o their_o liberty_n we_o can_v not_o live_v together_o without_o cut_v one_o another_o throat_n since_o experience_n daily_o show_v that_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a vigilancy_n of_o our_o officer_n the_o severity_n of_o our_o law_n the_o just_a rigour_n of_o our_o judge_n and_o magistrate_n and_o the_o punctual_a execution_n of_o their_o sentence_n and_o judgement_n the_o gallow_n and_o gibbet_n be_v more_o frequent_o visit_v here_o than_o even_o the_o prison_n be_v in_o poland_n occasion_v i_o fancy_v the_o reason_n that_o the_o pole_n be_v so_o quiet_a and_o good_a nature_a be_v because_o be_v bear_v free_a and_o live_v in_o a_o excessive_a liberty_n under_o no_o law_n nor_o arbitrary_a power_n there_o be_v nothing_o before_o they_o that_o can_v constrain_v their_o mind_n bridle_v their_o passion_n or_o curb_v their_o thought_n but_o as_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o can_v entice_v they_o to_o do_v ill_a so_o nothing_o likewise_o can_v hinder_v they_o from_o do_v it_o enslave_v dr._n connor_n say_v he_o have_v ask_v some_o polish_v nobleman_n why_o they_o so_o inhumane_o treat_v and_o undervalue_v their_o boor_n they_o answer_v that_o former_o all_o the_o boor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n revolt_v from_o their_o landlord_n rebel_v against_o they_o as_o the_o swisser_n do_v against_o their_o gentry_n and_o conspire_v together_o to_o extirpate_v and_o destroy_v they_o all_o that_o they_o murder_v and_o kill_v a_o vast_a number_n of_o gentleman_n and_o that_o the_o rest_n be_v oblige_v either_o to_o hide_v themselves_o or_o to_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o at_o length_n the_o gentry_n get_v together_o from_o all_o part_n and_o be_v moreover_o assist_v by_o their_o neighbour_n they_o so_o fright_v and_o defeat_v the_o poor_a peasant_n who_o have_v make_v a_o general_a insurrection_n against_o they_o to_o set_v up_o a_o commonwealth_n of_o their_o own_o that_o they_o bring_v they_o to_o such_o extremity_n that_o ever_o since_o they_o have_v be_v content_v to_o be_v keep_v slave_n yet_o the_o pole_n say_v that_o though_o they_o have_v a_o absolute_a power_n over_o they_o they_o seldom_o make_v use_n of_o it_o any_o more_o than_o other_o christian_n do_v over_o their_o dog_n or_o horse_n strange_a comparison_n as_o if_o they_o spare_v the_o poor_a people_n life_n rather_o out_o of_o self-interest_n than_o charity_n and_o by_o reason_n that_o they_o think_v they_o will_v be_v more_o serviceable_a to_o they_o live_v than_o dead_a not_o unlike_o some_o king_n who_o give_v malefactor_n their_o life_n only_o to_o prefer_v they_o to_o their_o galley_n notwithstanding_o notwithstanding_o the_o peasant_n in_o poland_n be_v bear_v slave_n and_o have_v no_o manner_n of_o notion_n of_o liberty_n live_v very_o well_o satisfy_v and_o content_v in_o curland_n they_o be_v as_o subject_v to_o their_o landlord_n as_o in_o poland_n and_o in_o both_o country_n master_n be_v almost_o pay_v adoration_n their_o slave_n love_v they_o and_o fight_v willing_o for_o they_o and_o all_o they_o have_v be_v absolute_o at_o their_o devotion_n nay_o though_o they_o debauch_v their_o wife_n and_o daughter_n yet_o they_o only_o care_v to_o obtain_v their_o liberty_n by_o it_o and_o this_o be_v so_o common_a a_o thing_n among_o these_o poor_a wretch_n that_o they_o never_o value_v their_o woman_n the_o less_o for_o it_o nor_o think_v themselves_o a_o whit_n either_o injure_v or_o dishonour_v by_o it_o condition_n the_o condition_n of_o the_o kmeton_n as_o the_o pole_n call_v they_o or_o boor_n or_o rustic_n at_o this_o day_n in_o poland_n be_v such_o that_o they_o lead_v miserable_a and_o wretched_a life_n haviug_v no_o law_n no_o judge_n and_o scarce_o any_o religion_n among_o they_o but_o like_o brute_n they_o be_v force_v to_o work_n on_o sunday_n and_o dare_v not_o so_o much_o as_o appeal_v to_o the_o king_n or_o diet_n for_o redress_v however_o in_o royal_a prussia_n their_o condition_n be_v something_o better_o for_o there_o they_o enjoy_v almost_o the_o same_o law_n and_o liberty_n with_o the_o gentry_n former_o casimir_n the_o great_a make_v several_a law_n in_o their_o behalf_n but_o which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v seldom_o or_o never_o practise_v all_o bishop_n abbot_n palatine_n castellan_n etc._n etc._n be_v oblige_v to_o be_v of_o the_o nobless_v except_o a_o certain_a number_n assign_v by_o king_n john_n albert_n out_o of_o the_o plebeian_n to_o be_v capable_a of_o be_v inferior_a divine_n lawyer_n or_o physician_n only_o a_o exception_n from_o this_o law_n may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o person_n of_o peter_n gamratus_n who_o from_o a_o plebeian_n be_v prefer_v by_o sigismond_n to_o several_a both_o ecclesiastical_a and_o temporal_a dignity_n but_o in_o prussia_n as_o i_o have_v remark_v before_o the_o custom_n be_v much_o more_o indulgent_a to_o the_o common_a people_n lord_n as_o i_o have_v hint_v before_o to_o your_o lordship_n a_o gentleman_n revenue_n in_o poland_n partly_o consist_v in_o his_o slave_n for_o he_o can_v well_o be_v esteem_v rich_a unless_o he_o have_v a_o great_a number_n of_o these_o poor_a creature_n under_o his_o power_n whereof_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o but_o earn_v their_o lord_n a_o 100_o frank_n a_o year_n it_o may_v not_o be_v improper_a therefore_o to_o observe_v here_o the_o manner_n and_o custom_n of_o these_o poor_a wretch_n and_o it_o may_v first_o be_v remark_v that_o these_o slave_n can_v enjoy_v nothing_o of_o their_o own_o nor_o ever_o become_v free_a unless_o they_o can_v get_v into_o some_o convent_n or_o get_v to_o be_v ordain_v priest_n or_o else_o incline_v their_o master_n to_o debauch_v their_o wife_n or_o daughter_n whereby_o the_o law_n set_v they_o free_a but_o most_o common_o their_o lord_n have_v a_o watchful_a eye_n over_o they_o and_o obviate_v all_o their_o policy_n farm_n these_o lord_n never_o let_v their_o land_n to_o farm_n but_o to_o establish_v a_o peasant_n on_o they_o they_o forthwith_o order_v the_o other_o peasant_n of_o the_o village_n at_o their_o own_o charge_n to_o build_v he_o a_o house_n furnish_v he_o with_o a_o cow_n hen_n goose_n and_o a_o quantity_n of_o rye_n sufficient_a to_o keep_v he_o a_o year_n so_o that_o a_o lord_n of_o a_o village_n be_v at_o no_o other_o charge_n to_o set_v up_o a_o slave_n on_o his_o land_n than_o he_o first_o cost_v he_o thereto_o these_o poor_a slave_n or_o subject_n as_o they_o call_v they_o most_o common_o work_v three_o day_n in_o a_o week_n for_o their_o lord_n to_o one_o for_o themselves_o and_o sometime_o four_o dr._n connor_n say_v in_o his_o time_n a_o countryman_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o forward_o his_o son_n in_o learning_n and_o will_v have_v send_v he_o to_o the_o university_n but_o which_o the_o signior_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n condescend_v to_o and_o put_v the_o son_n in_o prison_n for_o refuse_v to_o be_v his_o secretary_n till_o at_o last_o the_o father_n be_v force_v to_o purchase_v his_o liberty_n at_o the_o expense_n of_o 400_o crown_n which_o he_o have_v borrow_v when_o a_o lord_n sell_v his_o land_n the_o slave_n common_o go_v along_o with_o it_o though_o he_o can_v dispose_v of_o either_o separately_z if_o he_o please_v corn._n at_o the_o time_n of_o harvest_n all_o the_o peasant_n of_o the_o village_n meet_v together_o to_o reap_v their_o lord_n corn_n who_o be_v supervise_v and_o force_v to_o work_n by_o very_o rigid_a taskmaster_n their_o punishment_n be_v sometime_o several_a blow_v of_o a_o cudgel_n and_o sometime_o a_o kind_n of_o pillory_n wherein_o those_o wretch_n shall_v be_v sometime_o set_v for_o a_o whole_a day_n together_o i_o shall_v think_v now_o these_o poor_a wretch_n the_o most_o miserable_a creature_n breathe_v but_o they_o on_o the_o contrary_a never_o have_v know_v any_o better_a condition_n and_o have_v see_v their_o father_n slave_n before_o they_o be_v well_o satisfy_v and_o content_v with_o their_o servitude_n but_o however_o they_o have_v this_o happiness_n that_o they_o seldom_o want_v for_o victual_n and_o drink_v for_o their_o wife_n chief_a employment_n be_v to_o provide_v they_o with_o that_o board_n they_o have_v general_o three_o or_o four_o sort_n at_o a_o meal_n viz._n one_o of_o pease_n with_o a_o little_a bacon_n slice_v among_o it_o another_o of_o course_n wheat_n barley_n or_o millet_n whereof_o they_o make_v their_o cachat_n and_o two_o other_o of_o several_a sort_n of_o strengthen_v root_n whereof_o they_o have_v great_a plenty_n and_o very_o good_a the_o movable_n of_o these_o peasant_n cottage_n be_v only_o a_o few_o earthen_a or_o wooden_a dish_n and_o a_o hard_a bed_n which_o they_o make_v themselves_o with_o a_o very_a wretched_a coverlet_n their_o child_n be_v not_o suffer_v to_o have_v a_o bed_n till_o they_o be_v marry_v but_o be_v force_v to_o lie_v upon_o board_n by_o the_o hearth_n side_n these_o sort_n of_o