frontiers of Spain the Duke de l' Infantasqua and the Cardinall of Burgos came to receive her in the Abbey of Roncevaux which was in Navarra There King Antony protested that the Queen was not delivered upon the frontires of Spain but in the heart of his own Kingdom that none should believe hereafter that Roncevaux did belong to the King of Spain Under Charles the IX All this reign past among civill confusions about Religion and scarce any dispute was between the two Crowns Yea Philip furnisht Charles many times with Forces to subdue his Protestant subjects Only these things are to be remembred for our purpose 1. After the first peace with the Protestants an 1564 Charles made a progress about his Kingdom and saw his sister Elizabeth Queen of Spain at Bayonne There the Queen-mother had an earnest and secret conference with the Duke of Alba. It is thought they agreed about a mutuall assistance between the two Crowns against the Protestants of France and Netherlands for in that year 1565. they began to stir in those Dominions of the Spaniard Philip assisted Charles with some Troops which kindness Charles could not return the fire being kindled in all the parts of his Kingdom 2. An. 1566. two things were near to have made a breach between the two States Bertrand de Montlue whom his Father in his Commentaries calleth Captaine Peyrot seeing peace in France undertakes to make some conquest upon the Sea comes to the Isle of Madera subject to Portugal and desiring to take water is repulsed with Canon-shot upon which he makes a descent into the Iland with strong hand besiegeth the Town takes it but is slain in that exploit A complaint is made of this to Philip as Uncle to the King of Portugal as an infraction of the Treaty in which Portugal was comprehended Philip incenseth Charles against his own subjects about this but the Admiral appeaseth Charles shewing that it was but a mis-understanding among private persons Another businesse of that nature was that of Gourgues Dominique de Gourgues was a Captain of Gascony who in the Wars of Italy had been taken by the Spaniards and ill used in prison To be avenged of them he went to Florida in the West-Indies besieged the Fort which the Spaniards kept there takes it by force kills or hangs all the Souldiers then returnes into France Of this Philip makes high complaint unto Charles and Gourgues was in great danger of his life but he was protected by the Admirall of Chastillon a Protestant and an enemy to the Spaniards He represented unto the King that it was an Act of private revenge Also that a llttle before Melander a Spanish Captaine nad expelled out of the same Fort in Florida John Rebaut of Diepe with five hundred French-men whom he had killed or hanged every man with this inscription Not as to French-men but as to Lutherans The wisest French Historians affirm and so did Gourgues himselfe That not any private revenge but the desire to punish that horrible treachery and murther upon his Country-men made him undertake and atchieve that high enterprise An. 1570. Charles married Elizabeth daughter to the Emperour Maximilian a vertuous Princess much beloved of her Husband Shortly after Philip married another daughter of the same Emperour This double affinity did confirm the friendship betwixt the two Crowns Under Henry the III. Henry the III. returning out of Poland an 1574. passeth through Vienna where he is wel received by the Emperour Maximilian although one of his Sons had been Henries competitor for the Crown of Poland Yea the Emperour gave him wholsome counsels for settling peace in his State An. 1577. The Protestants of Netherlands being opprest by the Spaniard and little helped by Matthias brother to the Emperour Rodolphus whom both Papists and Protestants had chosen for the expulsion of the Spaniard the States of those Provinces called Francis Duke of Alanson the French Kings brother who in his way thither made himselfe Master of the City of Cambray but being ill used by the Dutch he returned home without doing any thing But in the yeare 1583. he came againe with the title of Duke of Brabant and Count of Flanders but he made no long stay there having made a malicious attempt upon Antwerp and other Towns and returning full of shame he dyed at Chasteau Thierry an 1584. These enterprises of the Duke of Alanson bred great jealousies between the two Crowns and were taken for a breach of the peace Wherfore also Philip assisted the League of France against the Royal house with great eagernesse An. 1579. Sebastian King of Portugal being dead in Africa Philip King of Spain got the Kingdom an 1580. Among his Competitors was Antony bastard of Lewis Prince Constable of Portugal but pretending himselfe a lawfull Son as legitimated by the Pope Antony expelled by Philip retired into England where finding no countenance he passeth into France agreeth with Katherine the Queen-mother who as I shewed in the third Chapter had great pretences to the Crown of Portugal and for some Lands in Portugal which he promiseth her she gives him helpe and raiseth an Army of French-men under Peter Strozzi They go to the Terceras where some Ilands hold for Antony where they had very ill success That enterprise exasperated Philip very much so that he was one of the first that signed the League Some think it began at the death of the Duke of Alanson when none remained of all the house of Valois but Henry the III who had no Children and was not like to have any and the house of Bourbon saving onely the old Cardinall of Bourbon was Protestant or favourer of Protestants This encouraged the Spaniard to trouble the State of France and the house of Guise to set up for themselves under pretence of zeal of Religion Paragraphe VIII From the death of the Duke d'Alanson 1584. to the Treaty of Vervins 1598. This date comprehends the end of Henry the III. and the beginning of Henry the IV. Under Henry the III. Without examining the severall designes of the Beague this onely we must know that after the death of the Duke of Alanson the Duke of Guise having formed the League made a Treaty with Philip the II of Spain at Joinville whereby Philip promist him a monthly pension of fifty thousand Crowns to foment the League which being not openly against the King but after the killing of the Guises at Blois and the King himselfe having entred into the League under the title of Holy league against the Heretiques the animosities and designes of the King of Spain against the State of France were not plainly detected under this raigne Under Henry the IV. Here the League did rage and civill War was in all parts of France In these troubles Philip had a great hand and Henry being once acknowledged King was eeven with him and powerfully Warred against him But these things must be seen in order Henry the III being stabbed an
the Empire and the confusions risen in Germany after there extinction of that Race gave a beginning to so many Fees both Secular and Ecclesiasticall which are now in Germany the Governours having made themselves Lords and laid the foundation of the great Houses now in being Which neverthelesse have gone through many changes some families being extinct and some Fees sold transported or confiscated Among these families one of the chiefe and indeed the most remarkable at this time is that of Austria 3. The French Kings of the first Race possessing a Kingdom of vast extent which they divided into Ostrick and Westrick Ostrick which by corruption and French termination was called Austrasie was the Eastern part and comprehended the Countries towards the River Msa and beyond the Rhine and as far as Hungarie Westrick which by corruption was called Neustria comprehended the Western part from Mosa towards Britain These names were long preserved even to the age of Charlemagne and being lost by the new partage between the Children of Lewis the meek yet the name of Neustria stuck long to the Western part which is now called Normandie for Brittain was a State by it selfe The name of Ostrick being lost by the same partage remain'd nevertheless to the most Eastern part and the next to Hungary and is that which we call Austria a word corrupted from Ostricke and Ostenrick and is that Province seated upon Danubius where the Capitall City of Vienna stands 4. In that Country Otho the III. about the year 1000 establisht Leopold a Marquis that is a keeper of those Marches against the ordinary excursions of the Hungarians That Leopold is the head of the first House of Marquisses since Dukes of Austria which continued till a certain Friderick who went to the War of Naples against Charles brother of St. Lewis and being taken with Conradin a competitor of that Kingdom was beheaded with him By his death without Children Austria returned to the Empire But Wenceslaus King of Bohemia sought to joyne it to his State and sent thither his Sonne Ottocarus who having conspired against the Empire with the Hungarians was degraded and put to death by the Emperour Rudolphus of whom we are now to speak 5. By the death of the Emperour Friderick the Second the great enemy of Popes which was about the year 1231. the factions were so great about a new election that there was an Anarchy of twenty years and above under these titular Emperours William Earl of Holland Richard of England and Alphonsus of Spain In the end after many assemblies and contentions the Electors gave their Votes to Rudolphus Earl of Habsburg who was acknowledged by the whole Empire That Election was in the year 1255. five years after the death of St. Lewis Philip le Hardy then raigning in France 6. Between Basel and Soleurre Cantons of Switzerland there is Triestein Castle the Lords whereof had the Title of Counts and by the women inherited the County of Habsburg and took the Title of the same Of that House was this Rodolphus before whom there is no certainty of the History of their House who by his virtue was elected Emperour An. 1275. and dyed in the 1291. The Dutchy of Austria being then vacant and Ottocarus the Bohemian having invaded it and made a league with the Hungarians against the Empire Rodolphus divested him of it and slew him and An. 1282. invested his Son Alber in the same In that Albert we must take the birth of the house of Austria And although that Albert was also Emperour from the year 1298. till 1308 yet his descent returned not to that quality but 130. years after and went for Princes of the Empire as other Imperial Families Onely in the time of Pope John 22. there was a great contention for the Empire between Friderick of Austria and Lewis of Bavié The whole Pedegree of thaâ— house is to be seen in the Tables of Bertius from the Creation of Rudolphus of Habsburg An. 1275. to the year 1438. when the Empire entred so into that hause that it did not come out since Paragraphe III. So much is known then that the house of Austria by the death of Albert the first lost the Empire and fell back into the State of a private principality and that lesse considerable then the houses of Saxonie Bavieres and Luxemburg which furnished many Emperours and so it continued till the Emperour Albert the II. Sigismond the Emperour of the house of Luxemburg was Son to Charles the IV. Emperour and Grand-child to John King of Bohemia And that Charles the IV. was he that made the golden Bull and establisht a certain â—orm of Imperial elections This Charles was Grand-child to the Emperour Henry the VII head of the house of Luxemburg Sigismond â—ad no male issue and gave his onely Daughâ—er Elizabeth to Albert of Austria who after he death of his Father in law was elected Emperour An. 1438. and this house hath ever since kept the Empire From that year these Emperours reigned Albert the II. who reigned two years Frideâ—ick the III. his Cozin who reigned 53 years Maximilian Son of Friderick who reigned 26 years Charles the V. who reigned 36 years Ferdinand I. brother to Charles who â—eigned 9 years Maximilian Son of Ferlinand who reigned 12 years Rodolphus II. Son of Maximilian who reigned 36 years Matthias rother to Adolphus who reigned 7 years Ferdinand II. Cozin to the two precedent Emperours who reigned 19 years To him sucâ—eeded his Son Ferdinand III. who is the â—enth of that house from the year 1438. To which if you adde the Three of antient date â—here have been thirteen Emperours of the â—ouse and name of Austria That house may be considered either in her Patrimonial estate which she held in Germany before her greatnesse Or in her grerising which sprung out of three heads 1. The mariage of Maximilian with Maâ—â— the Inheritrix of the seventeen Provinces 〈◊〉 Netherlands Franche County and the goodâ— not masculine of the house of Burgundy 2. The mariage of Philip Son of Maximiliaâ— and Mary of Burgundy with Jane the Inhertrix of Spain and by consequent of Sicily Nâ—ples and the West Indies and soon after of Poâ—tugal and the East Indies 3. The mariage of Ferdinand brother 〈◊〉 Charles the V. with Anne the Inheritrix 〈◊〉 the Kingdomes of Bohemia and Hungari The great estate of that house being accrewed to them by these waies We will speaâ— here of the Patrimonial Dominions of thâ— house of Austria reserving the rest for thâ— following Paragraphes The Patrimony of the house of Austrâ—â— wholly seated in Germany and upon the Râ—ver Danubius hath on the South the Mountains of Tirolis and towards the Rhinâ— Alsatia Bounded Eastward with Hungar and Poland Southward by the Venetians Westward by the Switzers and Northwarâ— by many Princes of Germany That Estate composed with many pieces which were united in one body as it followeth 1. The Emperour Rodolphus of Habsburg having overcome and
Emperour had instead of it that Country between the Rivers of Saone and the Rhone the Alpes and the Sea which Dominon was erected to the Title of a Kingdom by Charles the Bald King of France and Emperour in favour of that Hermengarda whom Bozon one of the Court of Charles and his wives kinsman took away These two Bozon and Hermengarda gave a beginning to that second Kingdom of Burgundy or the Kingdom of Arles about the year 875. which continued under these Kings among many alterations to that last Rodolphus an 1036. All that time Provence was part of that Kingdome of Arles 4. Which Kingdom being extinct in that Rodolphus and united to the Empire by Conrad the Salique shortly after by the weakness of the Emperours and the disorders risen in the Empire four Principalities were framed out of it as we said before That of Provence under the title of a County was the most considerable as being full of good Towns and of great commerce by reason of the Sea It was possest by the family of Berengers with the title of Counts whose History was written by Nostradamus 5. That House of Berengers kept the County of Provence till the time of St Lewis when Raymond Berenger the last Count left four Daughters the eldest whereof Margaret was married to St Lewis The three others were also married to Soveraign Princes Eleonor to Henry the III. King of England Fancie to Richard his brother who was since created King of the Romans and the fourth Daughter Beatrix to Charles Count of Anjou brother to St Lewis Raymond dying an 1231. left that Beatrix Heir of all his Estate leaving Legacies onely to the three others to each three thousand marks Another Raymond Count of Thoulouse would have taken away that Beatrix to marry her But St Lewis prevented him sending an Army into Provence and taking her gave her to his brother Charles to wife to whom he gave the County of Anjou And thirty yeares after the same Charles was invested by the Pope with the Kingdome of the two Sicilies as we shall see hereafter The County of Anjou returned to the Crown of France being given as a portion to Margaret Grand-child to that Charles who was married to Charles Count of Valois Father to King Philip de Valois And many yeares after that first Branch of the Kings of Naples and Counts of Anjou pretended no right to that County it was given to Lewis brother to King Charles the V. who founded the second House of Anjou now erected to a Dukedome But the two other pieces of that Estate which Charles brother to St. Lewis enjoyed with his wife Beatrix which was Provence and the Kingdom of the two Sicilies remained alwayes united and the Kings of Naples and Sicily whether of the first House of Anjou or of the second or of the family of Arragon have alwayes claimed a right to the County of Provence so that Naples and Provence go under one right as we shall more fully expound when we shall speak of the claim of France upon Naples 6. Jane Queen of Naples of the first house of Anjou went out of Italie An. 1379. with Pope Clement VII and retired to Avignon when that great Schism began which contitinued forty years Since which time although there have been many disputes for the succession of Naples between the Families of Charles de Duras the Dukes of Anjou and the house of Arragon and that portion of Italie past through many changes yet Province into which that Jane retired was soon after put in the hands of Lewis first Duke of Anjou brother to Charles the V. and both he and his descent enjoyed it peaceably without any disturbance from the houses of Hungary and Arragon who were fighting for the Kingdom of Naples although both pretended that Province belonged to them by the same right But the conveniency of the place as lying under the wings of France which might assist it at any time kept the possession thereof to the house of Anjou And finally from the house of Anjou it past to that of France being left to Lewis the XI by Charles Count du Main Heir and Nephew to Rene titular King of Naples and reall Possessor of Province Lewis the XI though he knew the right of the French in Naples which his Son Charles the VIII and his other successours have pursued yet he neglected it and contented himself to take Provence By this discourse it appears that who so hath the lawfull Possession of the Kingdom of Naples which we shall examine afterwards hath also a lawfull right to Province 7. Besides that claim of the Possessors of Naples upon Province disputable between that house first of Anjou and that of Arragon Austria there is a more particular claim of the Dukes of Lorraine against the French Kings Heirs to that Charles du Main The Lorriners pretend that René having a Daughter named Yoland from which the house of Lorrain is descended could not lawfully dis-inherit his Grandchild to give his Estate to Charles du Maine his Nephew To which the French answer two things 1. That Province was a purchase of René who could dispose of it 2. And that Province useth the Civil or Roman Law by which testaments are free But the discussion of that point is for another place Howsoever this remains That the Dukes of Anjou and the French Kings after them have peaceably enjoyed the County of Province above 270. years and the invaders of Naples never had any thing in it Which indeed hinders not but that they may have a right to it But the reason whereby we shall exclude them hereafter from any right to the Kingdome of Naples will serve also to invalid their claim upon Province Paragraphe III. Of the Dutchy of Burgundy 1. The Burgundians came out of Germany or some other Nation of the North in that great inundation of Northern people over the Roman Empire about the year 400. founded a State under the name of the first Kingdom of Burgundy about the Rivers of Saone and Rhone and near the Alpes And that State having begun An. 407. was ruined by the children of the great Clovis about the year 527. and lasted about six score years 2. Since which time under the first race of the French Kings Burgundy was part of the Kingdom of Orleans some part of it also belonging to the Kingdom of Mets and Austrasia And in the end the Kingdom of Mets and that of Burgundy became all one till by the partage between the children of Lewis the Meek that part of Burgundy which is beyond the River of Saone remained with the Empire and in the portion of Lothary the eldest Son The other on this side of the River of Saone was allotted to France and was a considerable member of the same Before the institution of Fees made in the beginning of the third race Burgundy was governed by Dukes and three Brothers of Hugh Capet the first of
Alphonsus possess any thing in it 6. René dying an 1480. although his Daughter Yoland Dutchesse of Lorraine had left children he left the inheritance of the County of Provence and of his Rights upon Naples Charles Count du Maine Son to his brother of the same name and title And Charles dying likewise without issue left Lewis the XI his Heir in all his states and the Kings of France successours to Lewis Lewis neglecting to go to Naples held by Ferdinand bastard of that Alphonsus and by his Children contented himselfe to hold Provence But his Sonne Charles the VIII undertook the conquest of Naples an 1493. and after him Lewis the XII and Francis the I. In the next Chapter we shall see the severall Wars Partages and Treaties between these two Houses for that Kingdom So all the Rights of the House of France to the Kingdome of Naples are reduced to these heads 1. The investiture by Urban the IV. in favour of Charles brother to St Lewis A weak Right if it were alone the French Kings having not succeeded to that family by kindred for all that belongs to any branch of the House of France doth not therefore belong to France 2. The Adoption of Lewis the first of the second house of Anjou by Queen Jane the I. by the counsell and leave of Clement the VII who was acknowledged by France for a true Pope By that adoption the right of Naples fel to the house of Anjou of which the French Kings have inherited 3. The two adoptions made by Queen Jane the II. first of Lewis the III. Duke of Anjou and after him of his Brother René 4. The will of Charles Count du Maine who named Lewis the XI his heir both of Provence and of his right to the Kingdome of Naples and his successors Kings of France after him Paragraphe VIII Of the Dutchy of Milan After the wrack of the Roman Empire an 400. all the Countries about the River of Po towards the Alpes were taken by Theodorick Goth and kept by his children till about the year 550. that they were recovered by Belisarius and Narses two Captaines of the Emperour Justinian But soon after the same Countries were won by the Ostrogoths Kings of Italy and again by the Lombards who setled a great State there and maintained it till the time of Charlemagne who destroyed it an 774. After which time all the Towns of those parts were Imperial belonging to whosoever had the Empire of the West The house of Charlemagne being degenerated and having lost the Empire after the yeare 900. the Empire was disputed between the Italian and the German Princes for 50 yeares In the end the Germans having prevailed in the person of Otho the I the Emperors his successours having chosen the seat of their Empire in Germany and being at odds many times with the Popes their power sensibly decayed in Italy and great part of the Towns of Lombardy slipt out of their Dominion and chose to themselves Italian Lords the Emperours retaining the shadow only of Soveraignty Many also chose liberty a Popular State as Siena Pisa Florence Genoa and others In these confusions the City of Milan was usurped by the Viscounts of Angleria a small place in the Dutchy of Milan who maintained themselvs about six hundred years under that name and quality of Vicounts untill the year 1497. that the Emperour Wenceslaus not Friderick as Gassan saith erected Milan into a Dutchy The first Duke was Galeas the III. who had married Isabella daughter to John King of France That Galeas had three Sons John Maria that succeeded him and died without issue Philip Maria that succeeded his brother who likewise died without issue leaving a bastard daughter named Bona married to Francis Sforza a Souldier of Fortune but a gallant man That first Duke Galeas besides these two Sons had a daughter called Valentina married to Lewis Duke of Orleans Son to Charles the V. King of France an 1398. Her Father gave her the County of Ast for her portion with a Million of Livers wherewith the County of Blois was bought Chasteauduro Soissons and other Lordships And by the contract of Matrimony it was declared that if the masculine line of Galeas should fail Valentina and her children should succeed in the Dutchy It is true that this clause had this great defect that the Dutchy beeing establisht a masculine Fee Galeas could not make it feminine without the Emperours leave which was not demanded because the Empire was then vacant by the degradation of Wenceslaus whom the Electors deposed for his idlenesse But it is pretended that the Pope Benedict the XIII who then had his See at Avignon approved that contract for that right the Popes challenge in the vacancy of the Empire Howsoever John Maria and Philip Maria being dead without lawfull issue none had more right to that succession then the children of Valentina But that succession fel in the heat of the confusions of France under Charles the VII when the two Sons of Valentina Charls Duke of Orleans John Count of Angoulesme were Prisoners in England where the eldest remained five and twenty years and the second well nigh thirty In that long time it was easie for Francis Sforza who had married Bona the bastard daughter of Duke Philip Maria to make himself Master of Milan of which he procured and obtained the investiture from the Emperour Friderick the IV. This Francis Sforza had two Sons whom he left to the tuition of his brother Ludovick Sforza so famous in the History of Milan who having made away his pupills seized upon the State of Milan and was expelled out of it by Lewis the XII King of France and since was taken carried to Loches where he died in Prison He left two Sons Maximilian who was restored by the Switzers and since taken by Francis the I. and died in France His other Son was Francis Sforza the second who died without issue 1534. So that house of Sforza's maintained the usurpation of Mi. an well nigh a hundred years among many wars and divisions the lawfull right remaining still in the house of Orleans with the possession of the County of Ast which is part of that Dutchy But that right could not be prosecuted 1. In the desolation of the house of Orleans and the great divisions between that house and the house of Burgundy 2. In the long inprisonment of the two Princes of Orleans 3. In the great troubles of the State of France almost all the reign of Charles the VII 4. Besides Lewis the XI had many other businesses all his time Neither did he love the house of Orleans and the Princes of his blood And of all things he hated the Wars of Italie whither he would never go neither for the conquest of Naples nor for the receiving the City of Genoa that gave her self to him 5. All the time of Charles the VIII was spent in Civill Wars or in the Conquest