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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A57125	A treatise of the necessity of humane learning for a Gospel-preacher shewing the use of I. Languages, II. Rhetoric, III. Logic, IV. Natural philosophy, V. Moral philosophy, VI. History, VII. Chronology, VIII. Arithmetic, IX. Geometry, X. Astronomy, XI. Geography, and the benefits of learning in all ages : also this question is determined, whether grace be essential to a minister of the Gospel? / by Edward Reyner ...	Reyner, Edward, 1600-1668.; Reyner, J. (John), b. 1624.	1663 (1663)	Wing R1232; ESTC R22136	152,217	372

him against the rage of his Adversaries He denied the Pope to be the Head of the Church Mr. Fuller Mr. Clark and pronounced him to be Antichrist he confuted and condemned his Doctrines about Bulls and Indulgences Masses Transubstantiation c. He was a great Enemy to the swarms of begging Friars He wrote above two hundred fair Volumes most of which were burned by Subinck Arch-Bishop of Prague in Bohemia he wrote many Books of Philosophy and some of Metaphysics Dr. Featly The University of Oxford crowned his person and doctrine with a fragrant Garland of Praises whose doctrine was not onely favored by divers Nobles but also by the third part of the Clergy of England In all his sufferings he shewed an undaunted spirit John Huss was educated in Learning at Prague in Bohemia he was a great Scholar and a famous Preacher in that University he was converted by reading of John Wickliff's Books Mr. Fuller which Queen Ann's Courtiers who brought her being Sister to Wenceslaus King of Bohemia over into England to Richard the second King of England did here light on and carried them into their own Countrey which Huss had the happiness to read approve and disperse which proved a means of the Conversion of Bohemia for Wickliff's Books first discovered the Romish Superstitions unto them he stoutly opposed the Pope's proceedings and gave a blow to the man of sin under the fifth rib which in Scripture is always observed to be mortal The Gentry and Nobility of Bohemia did highly favor him Jerom of Prague had his first breeding there but he much enriched himself in Learning by his travels abroad to the most principal parts and Staple-places of learning At Paris he commenced Mr. of Arts and in the University of Colen and Heidleberg had the same degree confirmed unto him He was a man of admirable learning Eloquence Memory Courage and Zeal He was converted as John Huss by reading one of Wickliff's books by which he perceived the abominable superstitions then used in the Church and began by degrees first in his judgment to dislike them after in his practice to disuse them and lastly in his preaching to confute them He earnestly contended for the Truth against the enemies of it and openly opposed the doctrine of Purgatory and Prayers for the dead and thundered against the ill lives of the Monks and Friers He proclaimed and defended the innocency of John Huss and condemned his false accusers After his great and grievous sufferings being brought before the Council he so learnedly vindicated himself and refell'd his enemies that they were astonished at and silenced by his Oration which he concluded thus That all such Articles as Wickliff and Huss had written against the enormities pomp and disorder of the Prelates he would firmly hold and defend even to death Martin Luther born 1483. Century 15. at 14. years of age went to Magdeburg from thence his Parents removed him to Isenak a famous School there he perfected his Grammar-learning He went thence to the University of Erford Anno 1501. where he profited much in the knowledg of Logic and other Learning and read over Cicero Livy Virgil and other Latine Authors When he was twenty years old he was made Mr. of Arts and read as Professor Aristotle's Physics Ethics and other parts of Philosophy After his Conversion he began to read Augustine's works Mr. Fuller he also read over the Schoolmen especially Occam whom he esteemed for acuteness of wit before Aquinas and Scotus and he studiously perused Gerson In these Studies he spent five years in the Colledge at Erford When Luther was twenty six years old John Staupicius who endeavoured to promote the University of Wittenberg then lately begun removed Luther thither where at first he explained Aristotle's Logic and Physics yet intermitted not his study When he was 30. years old he was made Doctor in Divinity after the maner of the Schools at the charge of Duke Frederic Elector of Saxony The Prince hearing him preach admired his excellent parts Then he betook himself to the study of the Greek and Hebrew Afterwards Luther published his Propositions against Indulgences and opposed the Pope's Supremacy Purgatory and other Tenets of Popery Luther also confuted Nicholas Stork Mr. Fuller Thomas Muncer and other fanatical Ring-leaders broaching new Doctrines who pretended Revelations Angelical and conferences with God and denied the Baptism of Infants The Pope's Advocates promised Erasmus a Bishoprick of rich revenue if he would write against Luther but he answered that Luther was a man too great for him to write against and that he learned more from one short page of Luther's Writings then from all Thomas Aquinas his Books Bucer called Luther the first Apostle of the reformed Doctrine not simply for Wickliff Huss and those forenamed preached the same before but Luther was the first who in Bucer's age and memory publickly and successfully set on foot a general Reformation of the Church in these Western parts John Huss bare a torch before Luther and shewed him his way See more of Luther in his life Huldericus Zuinglius was sent to School at Basil at 10. Born 1487. years of age where he exceeded his School-fellows in learning At Bern he learned Rhetoric Poetry Oratory and Logic. At Vienna in Austria he studied Philosophy and perfected his former parts At Basil he taught others what himself had learn'd He commenced Master of Arts and studied School-divinity and Greek wherein he excell'd He was chosen Pastor at Zuric anno Christi 1521. where beside his Ministerial labors he studied Hebrew and was able to expound those two major Prophets Isaiah and Jeremiah He prevailed with the Senate at Zuric to erect a School for Latine Greek and Hebrew He was admired in Switzerland and famous at Zuric as Luther in Germany and at Wittenberg He was solid in all maner of learning and a diligent searcher of the Scriptures being expert in the Original Tongues He was so great an opposer of the Pope's Pardons Indulgences and proceedings that the Cardinals themselves as is reported sought by great gifts to allure him to their side At Zuric he disputed with Franciscus Lambertus a Frier about the Intercession of the Saints and the sacrifice of the Mass and convinced him of his error so that he confessed and forsook his error and gave glory to God Then crept in the opinion of the Anabaptists which he opposed with all his might His works are large witnesses of his gifts and graces parts and pains Oecolumpadius he was educated in Religion and Learning first at a School in Germany call'd Heelbronna then at Heidelberg Here he attained to that perfection in learning that at the age of 14 years he was made Batchelor of Arts with great approbation and continued there till he was Master of Arts. Afterwards he fell close to the study of Divinity and read the Schoolmen Aquinas Gerson and others with indefatigable pains and much profit He

studied Greek at Stutgard and Hebrew at Heidelberg Anno 1515. he was call'd to be Preacher and Pastor at Basil and commenced Dr. in that University about the same time that Erasmus came to Basil to print his Annotations on the New Testament for the perfecting whereof he used the assistance of Oecolampadius a man saith he (a) In his Preface to his Annotat on the New Testament eminent not only for piety but for skill in three Languages and confessed he was much helped by him The Writers of his Life give this character of him that he was a worthy instrument of advancing the truth of Christ which he defended against Eckius and Faber and others He was very successful in appeasing Sects and contentions that arose in the Church His fame both for piety and learning spread so abroad that Philip Prince Elector Palatine committed his youngest son unto his tuition He was a diligent faithful Preacher of the Gospel and promoter of Reformation in the Church into which he brought the right administration of the Sacraments and the censure of Excommunication He declared his judgement against the Mass and other Popish doctrines against sprinkling with holy water and many superstitious actions to which his doctrine sinking into his auditors hearts put a period He was famous in the City of Basil SECT X. The after-Promoters of Reformation were Learned I Have briefly declared the Learning of the former Modern Divines who first set Reformation of Religion on foot to wit their Education in Learning their study and increase of it and the means thereof scil Schools and Universities their need and use of it as to the work God gave them to do and the success thereof in their generation Now followeth 2. The Learning of the latter Divines Century 16 17. who carried on the work of Reformation vigorously in Doctrine and worship that was happily begun by the former and were Eminent for Learning as well as for Piety and were very instrumental in promoting the truth of God and in defending it against the Adversaries of it and in extirpating Errors Heresies and Superstitions and many of them were Pillars in the Church of God famous in the work of the Ministery for their labors in Preaching and also in Printing and for the success of both in the conversion of sinners and edification of Saints and the confirmation of staggerers and reduction of the erroneous in the planting and watering of Churches Who have set forth so many Learned Systemes Commentaries and Tractates and Disputations of Divinity as former Ages cannot parallel Their number being very great and their Lives being largely described by many Writers I shall refer you to them for information concerning their Learning and Godliness and usefulness what blessings they were in their Generation and onely name some of them that were of chief Note Outlandish Divines Paulus Fagius Cent. ●6 17. Martin Bucer Philip Melancthon Peter Martyr Wolfgangus Musculus John Calvin William Farel Peter Viretus Stephen Zegidine Peter Ramus Benedictus Aretius Henry Bullinger Emmanuel Tremellius Zachary Ursin Martin Chemnitius Ralph Gualter Hierom Zanchy Anthony Sadeel Lambert Danaeus Theodore● Beza Daniel Tossanus Francis Junius Luke Trelcatius Amandus Polanus David Pareus John James Grynaeus Abraham Scultetus John Piscator English Divines John Frith Thomas Bilney William Tindal John Rogers Laurence Sanders Rowland Tailor John Bradford John Juel William Whitaker Alexander Nowel William Perkins John Rainolds Thomas Holland Robert Abbat Andrew Willet Robert Bolton William Wheatly Dr. Sibbs Dr. Taylor Dr. Preston Scottish Divines John Knox. Robert Bollock Cum multis aliis Vide Melch. Adamum de vit is Theologorum tum Germanorum tum exterorum The later Divines may be refered to three heads according to the several Forms of Church-discipline which they held forth in judgement and in practice Episcopal Presbyterial Congregational What man hath been famous and eminently instrumental in the work of the Ministry for labours and success under any of these Forms who have not been Learned or endued with a good measure of acquired parts as of knowledge in the Tongues and Arts. 1. For Episcopacy How many very Learned Laborious Godly Bishops hath England bred as Hooper Latimer Ridley Cranmer who were most zealous couragious faithful Martyrs for Christ and for the Truth And many since who have been famous for their Learning and Labors both in Preaching and Printing and for their piety and charity who by their worthy works yet speak though they be dead as Bishops Jewel Abbot Babington Cowper Davenant Downame Hall Usher who was a Magazine of Learning and Mirror of Sanctity Humility and Charity Beside many other pious Learned and useful men who were for Episcopacy though they were not Bishops 2. For Presbytery The old Non-conformists who opposed Episcopacy and Ceremonies were many of them Learned men Dr. Ames in his preface to Mr. Bayn's Diocesan's Tryal saith that Mr. Deering More Greenham Perkins Rogers Cartwright Fenner Parker Philips Hieron Bradshaw Brightman Dr. Rainolds Dr. Fulk and Whitaker with many others were apprehended as men agreeing in one spirit having had indeed the spirit of glory resting on them as their Works do shew together with those Letters Testimonial which they left written in the hearts of many thousand Christians To these may be added Gerson Bucer Century 16 ●● John Dod Arthur Hildersham Robert Nicols John Ball Richard Rothwel Paul Bayns who were all as really Learned as truly Godly famous for their great Abilities and Labors Read their Lives and you shall see the same made out fully and clearly Besides many pretious Divines of great Note for Holiness and Learning both formerly and lately yea even at this day in all the Reformed Churches not onely in England and Scotland but in other Countries who were and are for Presbytery The Assembly of Divines that sate at Westminster by Authority of Parliament was a Demonstration of the excellent Learning of the Ministers of the Presbyterian Judgement 3. For Independency or the Congregational way Many Ministers of this both in Old England and in New have been choicely Learned and excellently accomplished with Gifts as well as Graces as Reverend holy and Learned Dr. Ames Mr. Jeremiah Burroughs Mr. Sidrach Simpson ☞ Mr. Carter Mr. Strong with many others some deceased others yet living Many Pastors and Teachers in the Churches of Christ in New England were eminently Learned as well as exemplarily Godly and very famous and successful in Ministerial Labors as Mr. Thomas Hooker Mr. Peter Bulkeley Mr. Davenport Mr. Thomas Shepherd Mr. Allen. Mr. George Philips Mr. Norton And Mr. John Cotton B. D. whose Name is as an ointment poured forth a most deservedly famous man of God of whom Mr. Norton his Successor as Teacher of the Church in Boston in New England relates In his Narrative of Mr. Corton's Lafe and Death that he was a General Scholar studious to know all things the want whereof might in one of his

Athens was famous for the Study of Arts there was Plato's Academy hence Livy calls Greece Sal Gentium and in Egypt Alexandria yea the rude Indians had their Gymnosophists and the Romans had their Colledges of Augures I may add their Philosophers and Rhetoricians The Persians and Arabians had their Magi. Grotius in Mat. 2.1 The Gauls had their Druides All Sects whatsoever had their Schools to advance their Way Stephen met with some of them at Jerusalem Acts 6.9 and Paul at Athens Acts 17.18 It is observed that the Egyptians Chaldeans Babylonians Persians Grecians Romans erected Schools and by great Liberality and other ways promoted Learning and encouraged Scholars Now let us view the Schools of the Christians See Alsted Chron. cap. 30. ultim edit which upon the Planting of the Gospel were set up at Antioch and Alexandria the latter of which afforded many famous Men as Clemens Origen Ammonius Athanasius Didymus c. That the Primitive Church had her Schools wherein Youths did learn the Principles of Religion and the Liberal Arts and heard the holy Scriptures explaned and that Care was taken for setling Schools every where where Churches were built and for setting over them such Men as were invested with eminent Piety and Learning See Magdeb. Cent. 2. cap. 7. Cent. 3. c. 7. Ecclesiastical Histories do declare That there were many learned men in divers places in the first Ages of Christianity is an Argument that there were Schools in which they were educated In the time of Constantine the great when Religion had its free course the Christian Schools flourished which were after shut up by Julian It is observable that the University of Cambridge to which Chronologers give preheminence for Antiquity to most Universities in the World of a Christian Foundation was restored by Sigebert As Isaacson Alsted Helvicus a great Promoter of Christianity presently upon the Conversion of the East-Angles much furthered by him about the year of Christ 631. For there was a British Academy there long before of which some make Lucius the first Christian King of the Britains the Founder But it being ruined by the Saxons and the Britains shut up in Wales Dubritius a great Champion of the Truth against the Pelagians as was also David his Scholar who held a Synod against their Errors instituted an Academy in the latter end of the fifth Century on the River Wye and after at Caer-lion on Usk in Monmouthshire where many eminent Men were educated Of which see Mr. Fuller's Church-History of Britain This Necessity and Use of Schools Universities and Learning is as great now under the Gospel if not greater in some respects as ever it was under the Old Testament And God hath plentifully furnished all Countries that have entertained the Gospel of Christ especially all the reformed Churches in Europe with famous Schools and Academies and he hath wonderfully blessed them as these in England See Dr. Arrowsm●h 1. Orat. Antiweigel p. 3. Scotland Ireland and those in the Low-Countreys in Germany the Palatinate Bohemia so that these Universities have trained up and sent forth learned able eminent Scholars and godly Men choice useful Instruments of God's Glory and Service both in Church and Commonwealth The use and need of Schools and Universities which is evident in the holy Scriptures and by the light of Reason and practise and experience of all Nations as they are the means of Learning Qui vult finem vult media Fints est nobilior mediis infers and evinceth the need of Learning as it is the end thereof especially for the Ministers of the Gospel As there is necessity of Schools and Universities so of study and industry in them for the attainment of Learning For we cannot expect God should communicate these Gifts to us by Miracle or immediate infusion of the Spirit as he did to his Apostles but they must be acquired through the use of ordinary Means forementioned which to contemn or neglect and depend upon immediate and miraculous Infusions and Revelations is to tempt the good Spirit of God and to provoke him to give us up to strong delusions and to give heed to seducing Spirits and to doctrines of Devils Inspiration of such common gifts must be supplied by Education The way Paul directed Timothy unto even in reference to Ministerial abilities was Give attendance to reading 1 Tim. 4.13 c. meditate upon these things give thy self wholly to them that thy profiting may appear to all ver 15. As Timothy had not health by Miracle but in the use of Means 1 Tim. 5.23 so neither had he Gifts for the Ministery by Miracle but by Study In the Platform of Church-discipline agreed upon in the Synod at Cambridge in New England cap. 6. num 6. it 's said This we gladly acknowledge that Schools are both lawful profitable and necessary for the training up of such in good Literature or Learning as may afterwards be called forth unto the office of Pastor or Teacher in the Church Scholae non immerito vocantur Emporia Mercaturae bonarum literarum Scminaria Ecclesiae armamentaria Reipublicae vivaria Oeconomiae officinae Pietatis magistrae Humanitatis fontes Honestatis scaturigines Utilitatis nervi Morum Disciplinae horti Gratiarum uno verbo Cornu-copia omnimodae felicitatis O felices Ecclesias quibus haec pietatis domicilia sunt adjuncta Alsted in Orat. de causis corrupt Schol. Of the causes and uses of Publick Divinity Schools see Zanch. tom 7. orat 1. who saith in his fourth Tom. lib. 1. Thes 2. in quartum praeceptum pag. 812. It should be the great care of a pious Prince or Supreme Magistrate that beside the public and Ecclesiastical Ministery Schools should be constituted wherein beside Humane Learning and the Liberal Arts the holy Doctrine of Religion should be faithfully delivered to youth to conserve heavenly Doctrine in the Church c. and that maintenance should be provided for both Afterwards we see saith Zanchy that the Gentiles and all Nations Pag 813. that were not altogether Barbarous took care hereof whereby their Religion might be conserved and propagated for they saw Sine Scholis non posse consistere vel Religionem vel etiam Politiam that without Schools neither Religion nor Policy could consist that Nature it self should teach a Christian Prince that it is his office to take care of Schools and Colledges He adds Jeroboamus ille impius Rex Apostatarum ab Ecclesia c. That wicked Jeroboam King of Apostates from the Church and Kingdom of Juda as he corrupted Religion so he also overthrew the Schools in the Towns of the twelve Tribes because he knew that the purity of Doctrine and Religion was conserved there by the faithful Prophets But afterwards Elias and Elisha his Disciple knowing that Religion could not be kept pure without Schools restored them and when the wicked Kings had transferred the Revenues which were due to maintain the

no not when he had opportunity but would say Plura pro Christo sunt toleranda We must suffer more for Christ then so and as he answered Felix the Arrian that dealt so ill with him Christiani est non ulcisci sese Deus enim ulturus injuriam suis illatam Isidore was called by Casaubon In the seventh Century pius eruditus Scriptor a godly learned Writer he was admired for his Learning and Eloquence he could fitly accommodate his speech both to the learned and to the ignorant it 's said He led an Angelical and Evangelical Life in the flesh Venerable Bede was very learned in Philosophy Astronomy Poetry in Greek Arithmetic Rhetoric but especially very conversant in and studious of the holy Scriptures he was said to be the Honor of England and the Mirror of his Time for Learning so famous for it and for Piety that he was sent for to Rome to help to settle the Churches peace Damascen was educated in Learning In the eighth Century got the knowledge of all the Liberal Sciences then he studied the Scripture and Divinity he was a diligent Preacher and Propagator of the Faith and Truth of Christ and a great Opposer of Heretics he was called a great Star in the Churches Firmament in that time when there was great darkness but he by his life and doctrine illuminated many Bernard had pregnant and admirable parts for wit memory and understanding a great Proficient in Learning and had an excellent faculty in preaching His Sentences were stuffed as one saith omni amoenitate pietate with all amoenity and piety he was in great repute for his sanctity of life and doctrine Thus I have given a brief Account of the ancient Fathers that they were learned whom God made eminently useful in and to his Church Let me add two things by way of Caution 1. Though they were learned and pious yet they had their infirmities and blemishes and were subject to errors and failings even in their Writings as hath been observed by many See Daille's Treatise They were not acted with an infallible spirit as the Pen-men of sacred Writ were therefore they must be read with consideration and discretion their Writings must be tried by the Touchstone of God's Word To be altogether exempt from Errors is the Priviledge of the holy Scriptures Divers Divines have given Rules for the right understanding of the Fathers See Scultet Medull Patr. Dan. Synops de Legendis Patribus John Daille in his Treatise concerning the right use of the Fathers 2. Lest any should think these ancient Fathers had no need of their humane Learning or might have been as well without it it 's true they stood in need of more Learning in some kinde then they had attained the want whereof was the Cause of their Errors and Mistakes Ex. gr Augustine by reason of his good insight into the Hebrew and Greek Tongue fell short and failed much of solid Interpretation in his Expository Books Luther instanceth in his Comment upon the Psalms he mentioned Hilary too Ambrose also by reason of his Ignorance in the Tongues erred oft in his Expositions See Luther in libello de Instit pueris where he shews that Patrum Errores in sacra Scriptura provenerunt ex Linguarum ignorantia pag. 442 443 444. The Errors of some of the Fathers grew from their Ignorance of the Tongues Had it not been better for them to have had more knowledge thereof So much of the Learning of the Fathers SECT IX Of the Learning of the first Reformers Secondly Now I shall shew briefly the Learning of the Modern Divines which may be cast into two Ranks I. Those former who were the happy Reformers of Religion or honored by God as Master-Builders to lay the Foundation and begin the Work of Reformation II. These later who vigorously carried on the Work of Reformation I. The Learning of those former Divines whom God raised up in pity to his poor Church when the Apostacy of Popery had so far overspread and prevailed They were many of them learned men of great skill in Arts and Tongues and others competently learned and all men of invincible courage and indefatigable pains excited and qualified by God to be the Restorers of the true Christian Religion from its bondage in Ignorance and Superstition and strong and stout Opposers of the Pope and Popery in the Points of Doctrine Worship and Practice These lived in or about the fourteenth and fifteenth Centuries Berengarius lived in the dismal darkness and depth of Popery Century 14. Ussertus de Christ Eccles succes cap. 7. pag. 196 197. he profited in the School above his Equals and was well-skill'd in the Liberal Arts an excellent Logician of great account for his Learning and Piety He was expert in the Scriptures and also in the Writings of the ancient Fathers He was a Champion for the Truth in the Point of Transubstantiation opposing the Corporal Presence of Christ in the Sacrament He had almost drawn all Italy France and England to his Opinion He was of a bold undaunted spirit and courage His Life and Conversation was so unblameable that therein as one saith he starved the Malice of all his Adversaries Fuller Petrus Waldus though he was not one of the Modern Divines yet something is observable in his Story which is useful to our purpose Alsted Chronol He was a rich Citizen of Lions in France ☞ converted by seeing one fall down dead in the streets upon which he betook himself to teach and admonish his House and Friends to repent and to study the Scriptures himself and he profited so well therein that he translated divers parts thereof out of Latine into French Friar Rainer an Adversary to the Truth and to the Waldenses saith That Waldus being tolerably learned taught those that resorted to him the Text of the New Testament in their Mother's Tongue and that the Waldenses who were his Followers and Auditors had above forty Schools In Dioeceli Pataviensi and divers Churches all within one Diocess yea they were as others witness of that ability that they had divers Conferences and Disputations with the Romanists and had the better Vide Usserium cap. 6 8. As for the Doctrines and Tenets of the Waldenses Vide Usserium in cap. 6 ad cap. 10. Protest Evidences they preached against the Doctrines and Practises of Rome as the Pope's Power Transubstantiation the Adoration of Images and of the Cross against Prayers for the dead Purgatory Invocation of Saints extreme Unction Auricular Confession with many more John Wickliff was brought up in Merton Colledge in Oxford he was famous both for life and learning he excell'd in the knowledge of the Arts and School-Divinity he was admired of all for his singular abilities and sweetness of demeanor he was Divinity-Reader in Oxford he was a diligent faithful Preacher of the Gospel under King Edward the third who always favored and protected