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A51725 Discourses upon Cornelius Tacitus written in Italian by the learned Marquesse Virgilio Malvezzi ; dedicated to the Serenissimo Ferdinand the Second, Great Duke of Thuscany ; and translated into English by Sir Richard Baker, Knight.; Discorsi sopra Cornelio Tacito. English Malvezzi, Virgilio, marchese, 1595-1653.; Baker, Richard, Sir, 1568-1645. 1642 (1642) Wing M359; ESTC R13322 256,112 410

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only the Victor might be out of danger but might also have it in his power to oppresse the Thuscanes which proposition Tullus accepted and though there be many that blame him for it yet I thinke they meane it in some other case because it is not likely that a warlike spirit as Tullus was if he had not certainly known the manifest danger of falling to be a prey to the other would ever have consented to such a duell which in the case of another is never without blame being a thing unworthy of a valorous Captaine to lay the fortune of many upon a few but as this case was I find no other errour in Tullus Hostilius but that he would hazzard the whole Army upon three men but if the condition had been to fight with one squadron of Foot and another of Horse I could not then but have commended it and the reason is because by such a fight it would plainly have appeared which of them in a set battell would have had the victory there concurring in it the skill of the Captaine and part of all parts of the Army which have the same proportion with one another as the whole hath with the whole according to the vulgar rule Eadem est ratio totius ad totum quae est partis ad partem But in the case of Tullus one of the Armies might be inferiour to the other in Horse and Foot and Captaine and yet have three braver men in any of these kinds in it then the other Concerning the second Point Ludovico Sforza did well for securing himselfe in the State of Milan to move the King of France but he did not well afterward to move him against the Aragonesi for he ought at least if he could and if he could not he should not then have medled in it at all to have made use of the King as an ayd in peace but not as a Captaine in warre and so was the counsell which Phaneas the Etolian gave that they should call in Antiochus and make use of him as an Umpire but not as a Captaine Phaneas saith Livy Reconciliatore pacis disceptatore de iis quae in controversia cum populo Romano essent utendum potius Antiocho censebat quam duce belli And therefore Ludovico Sforza had not done ill to call in the King of France as for his purpose to make himselfe free Lord of Milan if it had been in his power to make him returne againe but seeing the case required to make use of him in warre now it was his ruine because to seeke to rise by the discords of others is not a work for an inferiour but either for an equall or a greater Whereupon to Philip King of Macedon and to Ferdinand King of Spaine it proved well but to Lodowick Sforza it brought utter ruine and to the Venetians exceeding danger although he with indiscretion set forward his own destruction these with judgement freed themselves from the danger And therefore in the foresaid case he that is inferiour in Forces ought to seeke alwaies rather to extinguish then to kindle fire Amurath the great Turke was minded to make warre upon the King of Polonia between whom lay the state of Petrasco Prince of Pogdania and he as a wise man knowing the damage he might sustaine either by having his Countrey wasted with the Great Turkes Army or after the warre ended by wholly loosing it as lying in the mouth of the Polack he so treated with them that he made them friends But many Cities in Italy not observing this rule whilst they fomented discords between Pyrrhus and the Romans remained after the warre ended a prey to the Romans So the French when Hanniball came into Italy perceived though too late they had exposed their Countrey as a Prey to his Army So the Etolians calling in Antiochus to make warre upon the Romans were themselves the first a prey to the Romans as it had been foretold them But although we have shewed by the example of Craesus that it is not good in discords so to ayd one side as to weaken ones selfe yet is not this rule to be observed where one is so much too strong that the other without great ayd is not able to withstand because in this case to abandon a friend would be a strengthning of the enemy as the Corfuans in Thucydides excellently shewed in the Oration they made to the Athenians whereupon the Rhegini fearing the Army of Pyrrhus King of the Epirots the Romans came with great Forces to their ayd but the end was they became Lords over them Which they of Corfu not observing in the discords of Durazzo and denying them ayd were cause that they yeelded themselves to the Corinthians and consequently encreased the Forces of their enemies But Germanicus carried himselfe with great judgement in ayding Segestes knowing if Segestes were overthrown his faction would joyne it self with Arminius and consequently the Forces of his enemy be encreased This the Campans declared demanding ayd of Rome Si defenditis vestri si deseritis Samnitum erimus Capuam ergo Campaniam omnem vestris an Samnitum viribus accedere malitis deliberate So as this is a lesson which men should learne to give present assistance to their friends that need it otherwise they cannot avoyd being a prey to others and this is delivered by S. Matthew in a Parable where they not comming that were invited to the marriage others were called that stood in the streets It is therefore to be observed when we make other mens case our owne that our power be more then theirs because else either they will be hindred from getting victory or getting victory be kept from being masters of the victory it is not therefore for Princes or Cities that are weake to make warre which are to call in one more powerfull then themselves to their ayd for by this they doe but procure a stronger enemy The Campani oppressed by the samnites put themselves into the hands of the Romans and so encreased their Forces and for this cause perhaps it is that Lucca continues a Commonwealth Having shewed that we ought with all our Forces to ayd the weaker side when of it selfe it is not able to subsist it is to be observed that in doing it we make not shew of such preparation as may make our friends suspitious of us which Phillip King of Spaine not observing whilst under pretence of ayding the King of Scots against the Queen of England he prepared so great a Fleet that the Scots might easily perceive that Fleet was not meant for resisting of England but for making himselfe Lord of Scotland Into this errour also the Athenians ranne who under colour of ayding the Catanesi against the Syracusans meant to make themselves Lords of Sicily and therefore came with so great an Army as Justin saith Vt iis terrori essent in quorum auxilia mittebantur whereupon they failed of their purpose by reason it was