by one Andrew Thorn an English man in Anno 1527. Sir Humphrey Gilbert a west Countrey Knight took possession of it in the Queens name Anno 1582. The two first Colonies in New-England failing there was a fresh supply of English who set down in other parts of the Countrey and have continued in a flourishing condition to this day The whole Countrey now is divided into Colonies and for your better understanding observe a Colony is a sort of people that come to inhabit a place before not inhabited or Colonus quasi because they should be Tillers of the Earth From hence by an usual figure the Countrey where they sit down is called a Colony or Plantation The first of these that I shall relate of though last in possession of the English is now our most Southerly Colony and next adjoyning to Mary-land scil the Manadâ—es or Manahanent lying upon the great Râ—ver Mohegan which was first discovered by Mr. Hudson and sold presently by him to the Dutch without Authority from his Soveraign the King of England Anno 1608. The Dutch in 1614 began to plant there and call'd it New-Netherlands but Sir Samuel Argal Governour of Virginia routed them the Dutch after this got leave of King James to put in there for fresh water in their passage to Brasile and did not offer to plant until a good while after the English were settled in the Countrey In Anno 1664 his Majestie Charles the Second sent over sour worthie Gentlemen Commissioners to reduce the Colonies into their bounds who had before incroached upon one another who marching with Three hundred red-Coats to Manadaes or Manhataes took from the Dutch their chief town then called New-Amsterdam now New York the Twenty ninth of August turn'd out their Governour with a silver leg and all but those that were willing to acknowledge subjection to the King of England suffering them to enjoy their houses and estates as before Thirteen days after Sir Robert Care took the Fort and Town of Auravia now called Albany and Twelve days after that the Fort and Town of Awsapha then De-la-ware Castle man'd with Dutch and Sweeds So now the English are masters of three handsome Towns three strong Forts and a Castle not losing one man The first Governour of these parts for the King of England was Colonel Nicols a noble Gentleman and one of his Majesties Commissioners who coming for England in Anno Dom. 1668 as I take it surrendered the Government to Colonel Longlace The Countrey here is bless'd with the â—ichest soil in all New-England I have heard it reported from men of Judgement and Integrity that one Bushel of European-Wheat hath yielded a hundred in one year Their other Commodities are Furs and the 〈◊〉 New-York is situated at the mouth of the great River Mohegan and is built with Dutch Brick alla-moderna the meanest house therein being valued at One hundred pounds to the Landward it is compassed with a Wall of good thickness at the entrance of the River is an Island well fortified and hath command of any Ship that shall attempt to pass without their leave Albany is situated upon the same River on the West-side and is due North from New-York somewhat above Fifty miles Along the Sea-side Eastward are many English-Towns as first Westchester a Sea-Town about Twenty miles from New-York to the Eastward of this is Greenwich another Sea-Town much about the same distance then Chichester Fairfield Stratford Milford all Sea-Towns twenty and thirty mile distant from one another twenty miles Eastward of Milford is Newhaven the Metropolis of the Colony begun in 1637. One Mr. Eaton being there Governour it is near to the shoals of Cape Cod and is one of the four united Colonies The next Sea-Town Eastward of New-haven is called Guilford about ten mile and I think belonging to that Colony From Guilford to Connecticut-River is near upon twenty miles the fresh River Connecticut bears the name of another Colony begun in the year 1636 and is also one of the four united Colonies Upon this River are situated 13 Towns within two three four miles off one another At the mouth of the River on the West-side is the Lord-Say and Brooks for t called Saybrook-fort Beyond this Northward is the Town of Windsor then Northampton then Pinsers-house On the Eastside of the River Hartford about it low land well stored with meadow and very fertile Wethersfield is also situated upon Connecticut River and Springfield but this Town although here seated is in the jurisdiction of the Mattachusets and hath been infamous by reason of Witches therein Hadley lyes to the Northward of Springfield New-London which I take to be in the jurisdiction of this Coloney is situated to the Eastward of Connecticut-River by a small River and is not far from the Sea From Connecticut-River long Island stretcheth it self to Mohegan one hundred and twenty miles but it is but marrow and about sixteen miles from the main the considerablest Town upon it is Southampton built on the Southside of the Island towards the Eastern end opposite to this on the Northernside is Feversham Westward is Ashford Huntingdon c. The Island is well stored with Sheep and other Cattle and Corn and is reasonable populous Between this Island and the mouth of Connecticut-River lyeth three small Islands Shelter-Island Fishers-Island and the Isle of Wight Over against New-London full South lyeth Block-Island The next place of note on the Main is Narragansets-Bay within which Bay is Rhode-Island a Harbour for the Shunamitish Brethren as the Saints Errant the Quakers who are rather to be esteemed Vagabonds than Religious persons c. At the further end of the Bay by the mouth of Narragansets-River on the South-side thereof was old Plimouth plantation Anno 1602. Twenty mile out to Sea South of Rhode-Island lyeth Martins vineyard in the way to Virginia this Island is governed by a discreet Gentleman Mr. Mayhew by name To the Eastward of Martin's vinyard lyeth Nantocket-Island and further Eastward Elizabeths-Island these Islands are twenty or thirty mile asunder and now we are come to Cape-Cod Cape-Cod was so called at the first by Captain Gosnold and his Company Anno Dom. 1602 because they took much of that fish there and afterward was called Cape-James by Captain Smith the point of the Cape is called Point-Cave and Tuckers Terror and by the French and Dutch Mallacar by reason of the perillous shoals The first place to be taken notice of on the South-side of the Cape is Wests-Harbour the first Sea-Town Sandwich formerly called Duxbury in the Jurisdiction of New-Plimouth Doubling the Cape we come into the great Bay on the West whereof is New-Plimouth-Bay on the Southwest-end of this Bay is situated New Plimouth the first English-Colony that took firm possession in this Countrey which was in 1620 and the first Town built therein whose longitude is 315 degrees in latitude 41 degrees and 37 minutes it was built nine years before any other
James Halls fourth voyage to discover the North west passage was slain by the Savages Capt. Buttons voyage to discover the North-west passage Anno Domini 1613 Port-Royal destroyed by Sir Samuel Argol Governour of Virginia Mr. John Rolf a Gentleman of good behaviour fell in love with Pocahontas the only Daughter of Powhaton a King in Virginia and married her she was Christened and called the Lady Rebecca and dyed at Gravesend Anno Dom. 1617. Sir Lewis Sâ—ukely brought up her Son Thomas Rolf. Anno Domini 1614 Bermudus planted further Powhatons Daughter in Virginia Christened Rebecca Capt. Gibbins voyage to find out the North-west passage New Netherlands began to be planted upon Mohegan-River Sir Samuel Argol routed them Anno Domini 1615 Sir Richard Hawkins voyage into those parts of New-England Anno Domini 1616 Capt. Gibbins second voyage to find out the North-west passage A new supply sent by Capt. Daniel Tucker to the Bermudus Pocahontas and Mr. Rolf her Husband went for England with Sir Thomas Dale and arrived at Plimouth the 12 of June Anno Domini 1617 Sir Walter Rawleighs last and unfortunate voyage to Guiana where he took St. Thome the only Town of Guiana possessed by the Spaniards Anno Domini 1618 The comet or blazing-star whose motion was by some observed to be from East to West Anno Domini 1619 Sir Walter Rawleigh beheaded in the Parliament yard Bermudus Islands divided into Tribes and Câ—ntreds to each tribe a Burrough Anno Domini 1620 The English in Virginia divided into several Burrougâ—s Anno Domini 1620 Letters Patents obtained from King James for the Northern part of Virginia i. e. New-England In July sundry of the English set sail from Holland for Southampton August the fift they set sail from Southampton for America and arrived the Eleventh of November at Cape-Cod where they entered into a body politick and chose one Mr. John Carver their Governour calling the place where they settled New-Plimouth in January and February following was a mortality among the English which swept away half the Company Mrs. Susanna White delivered of a Son at new-Plimouth Christened Peregrine he was the first of the English that was born in new-England and was afterwards the Lieutenant of the Military Company of Marshfield in Plimouth Colony New-Plimouth built the first Town in new-England Squanto an Indian in new-England carried into England by Mr. Hunt a Master of a Ship but brought home again by Mr. Dormer a Gentleman imployed by Sir Ferdinando Gâ—rges for discovery April Mr. John Carver Governour of new-Plimouth dyed and Mr. William Brandford was chosen Governour The Natives in Virginia murdered about 340 English Anno Domini 1622 The Fort at new-Plimouth built a great drought this Summer from May the Third till the middle of July there was no Rain Mr. Thomas Weston Merchant sent over 67 lusty men who settled themselves in a part of the Massachusets-bay now calleâ— Weymouth The order of the Knights of Nâ—vascotia ordained by King James Hereditarie they wear an Orange tawny Ribbin Sir Ferdinando Gorges Patent for the province of Main in New-England The Dutch tortured the English at Amboina 1623. Westons plantation wholly ruined by their disorders Mr. Râ—bert Gâ—rge Sir Ferdinando Gorges Brother arrived in Plimouth and began a Plantation of the Massachusets bay having Commission from the Council of New-England to be general Governour of the Countrey carrying over one Mr. Mâ—rrel a Minister but being discouraged he returned for England A fire at Plimouth which did considerable dammage several of the Inhabitants through discontent and casualties removed into Virginia Three thousand English now upon the Bermudus ten Forts and in those ten Forts 50 pieces of Ordnance Anno Domini 1624 The number of Magistrates increased to five now at New Plimouth The first neat Cattle carried over into New-England to New Plimouth was three Heifers and a Bull. Anno Domini 1625 St. Christophers Island planted now by the English 25 leagues in compass a great many little Rivers in 17 degrees and 25 minutes King James dyed in 1625 and King Charles the first began his Raign March the seven and twentieth Anno Domini 1627 The first distribution of Lâ—nds amongst the Inhabitants of New-Plimouth A Colony of English planted upon the Island of Baâ—â—ados which in a short time increased to 2000 besides Negroes Anno Domini 1628 〈…〉 arrived in New England with some number of people and set down first by Cape-Ann at a place called afterwards Gloster but their abiding place was at Salem where they built the first Town in the Massachusets Patent The Indians at the Massachusets were at that time by sickness decreased from 30000 to 300. Nevis or Mevis planted now by the English 3 or 4000 upon it Mr. Morton of Merrimount taken prisoner by the Massachusets and sent into England Anno Domini 1629 Three ships arrived at Salem bringing a great number of passengers from England insectious diseases amongst them Mr. Endicot chosen Governour Mr. Higginson Mr. Skelton and Mr. Bright Ministers arrived upon the fift of August was the first Church in the Massachusets Colony gathered at Sâ—lem from which year to this present year in 45 years in the compass of these years in this Colony there hath been gathered forty Churches and 120 Towns built in all the Colonies of New-England The Church of new Plimouth was planted in New-England eight years before others The book of Common-prayer pleaded for and practised in Massachusets Colony by two of the Patentees but was at last prohibited by the Authority there Anno Domini 1630 The Tenth of July John Winthorp Esq and the Assistants arrived in new-New-England with the Patent for the Massachusets they landed on the North-side of Charles River with him went over Mr. Thomas Dudley Mr. Isâ—ac Johnson Esquires Mr. John Wilson Mr. George Philips Mr. Maverich the Father of Mr. Samuel Maverich one of his Majesties Commissioners Mr. Wareham Ministers The passage of the people in the Eagle and nine other Vessels to New England came to 9500 pounds The Swine Goats Sheep Neat and Horses cost to transport 12000 pounds besides the price they cost The Eagle was called the Arabella in honour of the Lady Arabella wife to Isaac Johnson Esq they set down first upon Nâ—ddles-Island the Lady Arabella abode at Salem Mr. Isaac Johnson a Magistrate of the Massachusets and his Lady dyed soon after their arrival John Winthâ—rp Esq chosen Governour for the remaindâ—r of the year Mr. Thomas Dudâ—ey deputy Governour Mr. Simâ—n Bread-street Secretary Charles-town the first town built Mr. Higginson Teacher of Salem Church dyed Anno Domini 1630 A very sharp winter in New-England Anno Domini 1631 Capt. John Smith Governour of Virginia and Admiral of New-England now dyed in London John Winthorp Esq chosen Governour of the Massachusets Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Governour Sir Richard Saltingstall went for new-New-England set down at Water-town Five Churches gathered this year the first at Boston Mr. John Wilson Pastor
the second at Water-town by Mr. Philips the third at Dorchester by Mr. Maverick and Mr. Wareham the sourth at Roxbury by Mr. Eliâ—â— the fifth at Linn by Mr. Stephen Batcheler their first Teacher Dr. Wilson gave 1000 pound to New-England with which they stored themselves with great Guns Anno Domini 1632 John Winthorp chosen Governour Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Governour Sir Christopher Gardiner descended of the house of Gardiner Bâ—shop of Winchester Knighted at Jerusalem of the Sâ—pulcher arrived in new-New-England with a comely young woman his Concubine settled himself in the Bay of Massachusets was rigidly used by the Magistrates and by the Magistrates of New-Plimouth to which place he retired A terrible cold winter in New-England Anno Domini 1633 Mr. Edward Winslow chosen Governour of New-Plimouth The number of Mâ—gistrates at New-Plimouth increase to seven An infectious feaver amongst the Inhabitants of New-Plimouth whereof many dyed Mr. John Winthorp chosen Governour of the Massachusets Colony Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Governour Mr. Thomas Hooker Mr. Hains and Mr. Cotton Mâ—nisters arrived in New-England all in one ship and Mr. Stone and Mr. William Collier a liberal Benefactor to the Colony of New-Plimouth Mr. John Cotton chosen Teâ—cher of the first Church at Boston A Church at Cambridge gathered by Mr. Thomas Hooker their fiâ—st Pastor Great swarms of strange flyes up and down the Countrey which was a presage of the following mortality Anno Domini 1634 Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of New-Plimouth Mr. Thomas Dudley chosen Governour of the Massachusets Colony and Mr. Roger Ludlow Deputy-Governour The Countrey now was really placed in a posture of War to be in readiness at all times In the Spring a great sickness among the Indians by the small pox The Pequets War with the Narragansets Mr. Skelton Pastor to the Church at Salem dyed Mr. John Norton and Mr. Thomas Shepherd arrive in new-New-England A Church gathered at Ipswich the first Pastor Mr. Nathaniel Ward A Church gathered at Newberry Capt. Stone turn'd Pirate at the Dutch plantation The cruel Massacre of Capt. Stone and Capt. Norton at Connecticut-River by the Pequet Indians Anno Domini 1635 Mr. John Haines chosen Governour of the Massachusets Colony Mr. Richard Bellingham Deputy Governour Mr. Zaohary Sims arrived in New-England and Mr. Richard Bellingham This year Eleven Ministers arrived in New England Mr. Norton Teacher at Ipswich Mr. Richard Mather Teacher at Dorchester Sir Henry Vain Junior arrived in New-England Mr. Richard Saltingstal Sir Richard Saltingstal's Son Mr. Râ—ger Harlackenden and Hugh Peters Hugh Peters chosen Pastor of Salem A Church at Hartford in the Colony of Connecticut now gathered Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of New-Plimouth Capt. William Gorges Sir Ferdinando Gorges Nephew sent over Governour of the province of Main then called new Sommersetshire Saturday the 15 of August an Hurrican or mighty storm of wind and rain which did much hurt in New-England Anno Domini 1636 Sir Henry Vane Junior Governour of the Massachusets Colony John Winthorp Esq Deputy Governour Mr. Roger Harlackenden leader of their military Forces Mr. Edward Winslow a Worcestershire man born chosen Governour of new-Plimouth Colony Connecticut Colony planted Mr. John Oldham murthered in his Barque by the Indians of Block-Island A Church gathered at Hingham Mr. Peter Hubbord arrived now in New-England Teacher at Hingham Mr. Flint Mr. Carter Mr. Walton Ministers arrived now in New-England Mr. Fenwich Mr. Partrick Mr. Nathaniel Rogers and Mr. Samuel White arrived now in New-England A General Court held at Boston against Mrs. Hutchinson the American Jezabel August the 30. where the opinions and errors of Mrs. Hutchinson and her Associats 80 errors were condemned A Counsel held at New-town about the same business October the second and at Boston again Anno Domini 1637 Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of New-Plimouth Colony Mr. John Wenthorp chosen Governour of Massachusets Colony Mr. Thomas Dudley chosen Deputy Governour New-haven Colony began now Mr. Eaton chosen Governour John Davenport Pastor Mr. Hopkins arrived now in New-England A second Church gathered at Dedham Mr. John Allen Pastor The Pequets wars in which war the Eâ—glish slew and took prisoners about 700 Indians amongst which 13 of their Sachems to the great terror of the Natives they sent the male children of the Pequets to the Bermudus This year the Antinomian and Familistical errors were broached in the Countrey especially at Boston A Synod called which condemned these errors A General Court held at New-town against Mrs. Hutchinson and the rest Mrs. Hutchinson and others banished by the Magistrates of the Massachusets Colony A hideous monster born at Boston of one Mrs. Mary Dyer Sir Henry Vane and the Lord Lee returned for England The Minifters that went for New-England chiefly in the ten first years ninety four of which returned for England twenty seven dyed in the Countrey thirty six yet alive in the Countrey thirty one The number of ships that transported passengers to New-England in these times was 298 supposed men women and children as near as can be ghessed 21200. The Spaniards took the Island of Providence one of the Sumâ—â—â—â—â—â—ds from the English Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of new Plimouth Colony Mr. John Winthorp chosen Governour of the Massachusets Câ—â—â—ny Mr. Thomas â—â—â—lley Dâ—puâ—y Governour A Church now gatheâ—ed at Waymouth Mr. Gonnor Pastor Mr Newman succeeded Mr. Thomas Thatcher Three English men put to death at Plimouth for robbing and murthering an Indian near Providence June the second a great and terrible earthquake throughout the Countrey Samuel Gorton of Warwick shire a pestilent seducer and blasphemous Atheist the Author of the Sects of Gortinians banish'd Plimouth plantation whipt and banished from Road-Island banisht the Massachusets Colony Now they set up a Printing press at Boston in the Massachusets This year came over Mr. William Thompson Mr. Edmund Brown Mr. David Frisk Mr. John Harvard the founder of Harvard Colledge at Cambridge in the Massachusets Colony deceased gave 700 pound to the erecting of it Anno Domini 1639 Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of new-Plimouth Colony Mr. John Winthorp chosen Governour of the Massachusets Colony Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Governour Mr. Higginson Teacher at Salem Church Skelton pastor and an exhorting Elder This was the first Church gathered in the Massachusets Colony and it increased to 43 Churches in joynt Communion with one another and in these Churches were about 7750 souls Mr. Herbert Pelham now arrived in New-England A Church gathered at Hampton Mr. Daulton pastor and Mr. Batcheler Teacher Another Church gathered at Salisbury October the Eleventh and Twelfth the Spanish Navy was set upon by the Hollander in the Downs they were in all 60 sail the Spaniards were beaten A very sharp winter in New-England Anno Domini 1640 Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of new-Plimouth Colony Mr. Thomas Dudley chosen Governour of the Massachusets Colony and Mr. Richard Bellingham Deputy Governour Civil Wars began in England Mr.
boiled and soused sometime in Vinegar is more grateful to the pallat About 8 of the clock at night a flame settled upon the main mast it was about the bigness of a great Candle and is called by our Seamen St. Elmes fire it comes before a storm and is commonly thought to be a Spirit if two appear they prognosticate safety These are known to the learned by the names of Castor and Pollux to the Italians by St. Nicholas and St. Hermes by the Spaniards called Corpos Santes The Ninth day about two of the clock in the afternoon we found the head of our main mast close to the cap twisted and shivered and we presently after found the fore-top-mast crackt a little above the cap So they wolled them both and about two of the clock in the morning 7 new long Boat oars brake away from our Star-board quarter with a horrid crack The Eleventh day they observed and made the Ship to be in latitude 48 degrees 46 minuts having a great Sea all night about 6 of the clock in the morning we spake with Mr. Rupe in a Ship of Dartmouth which came from Marcelloes and now is Silly N. E. by E. 34 leagues off about 9 of the clock at night we sounded and had 85 fathom water small brownish pepperie sand with a small piece of Hakes Tooth and now we are 45 leagues off the Lizard great Seas all night and now we see to the S. W. six tall Ships the wind being S. W. The Twelfth day being Whitsunday at prayer-time we found the Ships trine a foot by the stern and also the partie that was sick of the small pox now dyed whom we buried in the Sea tying a bullet as the manner is to his neck and another to his leggs turned him out at a Port-hole giving fire to a great Gun In the afternoon one Martin Jvy a stripling servant to Captain Thomas Cammock was whipt naked at the Cap-stern with a Cat with Nine tails for filching 9 great Lemmons out of the Chirurgeons Cabbin which he eat rinds and all in less than an hours time The Thirteenth day we took a Sharke a great one and hoisted him aboard with his two Companions for there is never a Sharke but hath a mate or two that is the Pilot fish or Pilgrim which lay upon his back close to a long finn the other fish some what bigger than the Pilot about two foot long called a Remora it hath no scales and sticks close for the Shâ—â—kes belly So the Whale hath the Sea-gudgeon a small fish for his mate marching before him and guiding him which I have seen likewise The Seamen divided the Sharke into quarters and made more quarter about it than the Purser when he makes five quarters of an Oxe and after they had cooked him he proved very rough Grain'd not worthy of wholesome preferment but in the afternoon we took store of Bonitoes or Spanish Dolphins a fish about the size of a large Mackarel beautified with admirable varietie of glittering colours in the water and was excellent food The Fourteenth day we spake with a Plimouth man about dinner time bound for New-found-land who having gone up west-ward sprang a leak and now bore back for Plimouth Now was Silly 50 leagues off and now many of the passengers fall sick of the small Pox and Calenture The Sixteenth Mr. Clarke who came out of the Downs with us and was bound for the Isle of Providence one of the summer Islands the Spaniards having taken it a little before though unknown to Clarke and to Captain Nathaniel Butler going Governour they now departed from us the Wind N. W. great Seas and stormie winds all night The Seventeenth day the wind at N. W. about 8 of the clock we saw 5 great Ships bound for the Channel which was to the Westward of us about two leagues off we thought them to be Flemmings here we expected to have met with Pirates but were happily deceived The One and twentieth day the wind S. by W. great Seas and Wind fu'd our courses and tryed from 5 of the clock afternoon till 4 in the morning the night being very stormie and dark we lost Mr. Gâ—odlad and his Ship who came out with us and bound for Boston in new-New-England The Eight and twentieth day all this while a very great grown Sea and mighty winds June the first day in the afternoon very thick foggie weather we sailed by an inchanted Island saw a great deal of filth and rubbish floating by the Ship heard Cawdimawdies Sea-gulls and Crowes Birds that alwayes frequent the shoar but could see nothing by reason of the mist towards Sun-set when we were past the Island it cleared up The Fourteenth day of June very foggie weather we sailed by an Island of Ice which lay on the Star-board side three leagues in length mountain high in form of land with Bayes and Capes like high clift land and a River pouring off it into the Sea We saw likewise two or three Foxes or Devils skipping upon it These Islands of Ice are congealed in the North and brought down in the spring-time with the Current to the banks on this side New-found-land and there stopt where they dissolve at last to water by that time we had sailed half way by it we met with a French Pickeroon Here it was as cold as in the middle of January in England and so continued till we were some leagues beyond it The Sixteenth day we sounded and found 35 fathom water upon the bank of New-found-land we cast our our hooks for Cod-fish thick foggie weather the Codd being taken on a Sanday morning the Sectaries aboard threw those their servants took into the Sea again although they wanted fresh victuals but the Sailers were not so nice amongst many that were taken we had some that were wasted Fish it is observable and very strange that fishes bodies do grow slender with age their Tails and Heads retaining their former bigness Fish of all Creatures have generally the biggest heads and the first part that begins to taint in a fish is the head The Nineteenth day Captain Thomas Cammock a near kinsman of the Earl of Warwicks now had another lad Thomas Jones that dyed of the small pox at eight of the clock at night The Twentieth day we saw a great number of Sea-bats or Owles called also flying fish they are about the bigness of a Whiting with sour tinsel wings with which they fly as long as they are wet when pursued by other fishes Here likewise we saw many Grandpisces or Herring-hogs hunting the scholes of Herrings in the afternoon we saw a great fish called the vehuella or Sword fish having a long strong and sharp finn like a Sword-blade on the top of his head with which he pierced our Ship and broke it off with striving to get loose one of our Sailers dived and brought it aboard The One and twentieth day we met with two Bristow men bound for
New-England and now we are 100 and 75 leagues off Cape-Sable the sandy Cape for so Sable in French signifieth off of which lyeth the Isle of Sable which is beyond New-found-land where they take the Amphibious Creature the Walrus Mors or Sea-Horse The Two and twentieth another passenger dyed of a Consumption Now we passed by the Southern part of New-found-land within sight of it the Southern part of New-found-land is said to be not above 600 leagues from England The Six and twentieth day Capt. Thomas Cammock went aboard of a Barke of 300 Tuns laden with Island Wine and but 7 men in her and never a Gun bound for Richmonds Island set out by Mr. Trelaney of Plimouth exceeding hot weather now The Eight and twentieth one of Mr. Edward Ting's the undertakers men now dyed of the Phthisick The Nine and twentieth day sounded at night and found 120 fathome water the head of the Ship struck against a rock At 4 of the clock we descryed two sail bound for New-found-land and so for the Streights they told us of a general Earth-quake in New-England of the Birth of a Monster at Boston in the Massachusets-Bay a mortality and now we are two leagues off Cape Aun The Thirtieth day proved stormie and having lost the sight of Land we saw none untill the morning doubtfully discovering the Coast fearing the Lee-shore all night we bore out to Sea July the first day we founded at 8 of the clock at night and found 93 fathome water descried land The Third day we Anchored in the Bay of Massachusets before Boston Mr. Tinges other man now dyed of the small pox The Tenth day I went a shore upon Noddles Island to Mr. Samuel Maverick for my passage the only hospitable man in all the Countrey giving entrtainment to all Comers gratis Now before I proceed any further it will not be Impertinent to give the intending planter some Instructions for the furnishing of himself with things necessary and for undertaking the Transport of his Family or any others To which end observe that a Ship of 150 Tuns with 2 Decks and a half and 26 men with 12 pieces of Ordnance the charge will amount per moneth with the Mariners to 120 pound per moneth It is better to let the Owners undertake for the Victualling of the Mariners and their pay for Wages and the Transporter only to take care of the passengers The common proportion of Victuals for the Sea to a Mess being 4 men is as followeth Two piece of Beef of 3 pound and ¼ per piece Four pound of Bread One pound 1 â— of Pease Four Gallons of Bear with Mustard and Vinegar for three flesh dayes in the week For four fish dayes to each mess per day Two pieces of Codd or Habberdine making three pieces of a fish One quarter of a pound of Butter Four pound of Bread Three quarters of a pound of Cheese Bear as before Oatmeal per day for 50 men Gallon 1. and so proportionable for more or fewer Thus you see the Ships provision is Beef or Porke Fish Butter Cheese Pease Pottage Water-gruel Bisket and six shilling Bear For private fresh provision you may carry with you in case you or any of yours should be sick at Sea Conserves of Roses Clove-gilliflowers Wormwood Green-Ginger Burnt-Wine English Spirits Prunes to stew Raisons of the Sun Currence Sugar Nutmeg Mace Cinnamâ—n Pepper and Ginger White Bisket or Spanish rusk Eggs Rice juice of Lemmons well put up to cure or prevent the Scurvy Small Skillets Pipkins Porrengers and small Frying pans To prevent or take away Sea sickness Conserve of Wormwood is very proper but these following Troches I prefer before it First make paste of Sugar and Gum-Dragagant mixed together then mix therewith a reasonable quantitie of the powder of Cinnamâ—n and Ginger and if you please a little Musk also and make it up into Roules of several fashions which you may gild of this when you are troubled in your Stomach take and eat a quantity according to discretion Apparel for one man and after the rate for more  l. s. d. One Hatt 0 3 0 One Monmouth Cap 0 1 10 Three falling bands 0 1 3 Three Shirts 0 7 6 One Wastcoat 0 2 6 One suit of Frize 0 19 0 One suit of Cloth 0 15 0 One suit of Canvas 0 7 6 Three pair of Irish Stockins 0 5 0 Four pair of Shoos 0 8 0 One pair of Canvas Sheets 0 8 0 Seven ells of course Canvas to make a bed at Sea for two men to be filled with straw 0 5 0 One course Rug at Sea for two men 0 6 0 Sum Total 4 0 0 Victuals for a whole year to be carried out of England for one man and so for more after the rate  l. s. d. Eight bushels of Meal 2 0 0 Two bushels of Pease at three shillings a bushel 0 6 0 Two bushels of Oatmeal at four and six pence the bushel 0 9 0 One Gallon of Aqua vitae 0 2 6 One Gallon of Oyl 0 3 6 Two Gallons of Vinegar 2 0 0 Note Of Sugar and Spice 8 pound make the stone 13 stone and an half i. e. 100 pound maketh the hundred but your best way is to buy your Sugar there for it is cheapest but for Spice you must carry it over with you  l. s. d. A Hogshead of English Beef will cost 5 0 0 A Hogshead of Irish Beef will cost 2 10 0 A Barrel of Oatmeal 0 13 0 A Hogshead of Aqua-vitae will cost 4 0 0 A Hogshead of Vinegar 1 0 0 A bushel of Mustard-seed 0 6 0 A Kental of fish Cod or Habberdine is 112 pound will cost if it be merchantable fish Two or three and thirty Rials a Kental if it be refuse you may have it for 10 or 11 shillings a Kental Wooden Ware  l. s. d. A pair of Bellowes 0 2 0 A Skoope 0 0 9 A pair of Wheels for a Cart if you buy them in the Countrey they will cost 3 or 4 pound 0 14 0 Wheelbarrow you may have there ' in England they cost 0 6 0 A great pail in England will cost 0 0 10 A Boat called a Canow will cost in the Countrey with a pair of Paddles if it be a good one 3 0 0 A short Oake ladder in England will cost but 0 0 10 A Plough 0 3 9 An Axletree 0 0 8 A Cart 0 10 0 For a casting shovel 0 0 10 For a shovel 0 0 6 For a Sack 0 2 4 For a Lanthorn 0 1 3 For Tobacco pipes short heads and great bouls 14 pence and 16 pence the grose  l. s. d. For clipping an hundred sheep in England 0 4 6 For winding the Wool 0 0 8 For washing them 0 2 0 For one Garnish of Peuter 2 0 0 Prizes of Iron Ware Arms for one man but if half of your men have Armour it is sufficient so that all have pieces and swords One Armour compleat light 0
58 and in 166 â— 3. January 26 27 28. which was the year before I came thither there were Earthquakes 6 or 7 times in the space of three dayes Earthquakes are frequent in the Countrie some suppose that the white mountains were first raised by Earthquakes they are hollow as may be guessed by the resounding of the rain upon the level on the top The Indians told us of a River whose course was not only stopt by an Earthquake in 1668. as near as I can remember but the whole River swallowed up And I have heard it reported from credible persons that whilst I was there in the Countrie there happened a terrâ—ble Earthquake amongst the French rending a huge Rock asunder even to the center wherein was a vast hollow of an immeasurable depth out of which came many infernal Spirits I shall conclude this discourse of Earthquakes with that which came from the Pen of our Royal Martyr King Charles the First A storm at Sea wants not its terrour but an Earthquake shaking the very foundation of all the World hath nothing more of horrour And now I come to the plants of the Countrie The plants in New England for the variety number beauty and vertues may stand in Competition with the plants of any Countrey in Europe Johnson hath added to Gerard's Herbal 300. and Parkinson mentioneth many more had they been in New England they might have found 1000 at least never heard of nor seen by any Englishman before 'T is true the Countrie hath no Bonerets or Tartarlambs no glittering coloured Tuleps but here you have the American Mary Gold the Earth-nut bearing a princely Flower the beautiful leaved Pirola the honied Colibry c. They are generally of somewhat a more masculine vertue than any of the same spicies in England but not in so terrible a degree as to be mischievous or ineffectual to our English bodies It is affirm by some that no forraign Drugg or Simple can be so proper to Englishmen as their own for the quantity of Opium which Turks do safely take will kill four Englishmen and that which will salve their wounds within a day will not recure an Englishman in three To which I answer that it is custom that brings the Turks to the familiar use of Opium You may have heard of a Taylor in Kent who being afflicted with want of sleep ventured upon Opium taking at first a grain and increasing of it till it came to an ounce which quantitie he took as familiarly as a Turk without any harm more than that he could not sleep without it The English in New-England take white Hellebore which operates as fairly with them as with the Indians who steeping of it in water sometime give it to young lads gathered together a purpose to drink if it come up they force them to drink again their vomit which they save in a Birchen-dish till it stayes with them he that gets the victory of it is made Captain of the other lads for that year There is a plant likewise called for want of a name Clownes wound wort by the English though it be not the same that will heal a green wound in 24 hours if a wise man have the ordering of it Thus much for the general I shall now begin to discover unto you the plants more particularly and I shall first begin with Trees and of them first with such as are called in Scripture Trees of God that is great Trees that grow of themselves without planting Psal 104.16 17. Satiantur arbores Jehovae cedri libani quas plantavit ubi aviculae nidificent abietes domicilia ciconiae The Herons take great delight to sit basking upon the tops of these Trees And I shall not be over large in any having written of them in my Treatise of the rarities of New England to which I refer you The Oake I have given you an account of and the kinds I shall add the ordering of Red Oake for Wainscot When they have cut it down and clear'd it from the branches they pitch the body of the Tree in a muddy place in a River with the head downward for some time afterwards they draw it out and when it is seasoned sufficiently they saw it into boards for Wainscot and it will branch out into curious works There is an admirable rare Creature in shape like a Buck with Horns of a gummy substance which I have often found in the fall of the leaf upon the ground amongst the withered leaves a living Creature I cannot call it having only the sign of a mouth and eyes seldom or never shall you meet with any of them whole but the head and horns or the hinder parts broken off from the rest the Indians call them Tree Bucks and have a superstitious saying for I believe they never see any of them living that if they can see a Tree Buck walking upon the branches of an Oake when they go out in a morning to hunt they shall have good luck that day What they are good for I know not but certainly there is some more than ordinary vertue in them It is true that nothing in nature is superfluous and we have the Scripture to back it that God created nothing in vain The like Creatures they have at the Barbadoes which they call Negroes heads found in the Sands about two inches long with forehead eyes nose mouth chin and part of the neck they are alwayes found loose in the Sands without any root it is as black as Jet but whence it comes they know not I have read likewise that in the Canaries or Fortunate-Islands there is found a certain Creature which Boys bring home from the mountains as oft as they would and named them Tudesquels or little Germans for they were dry'd dead Carcases almost three footed which any boy did easily carry in one of the palms of his hand and they were of an humane shape but the whole dead Carcase was clearly like unto Parchment and their bones were flexible as it were griftles against the Sun also their bowels and intestines were seen Surely saith my Authour the destroyed race of the Pigmies was there There is also many times sound upon the leaves of the Oake a Creature like a Frog being as thin as a leaf and transparent as yellow as Gold with little fiery red eyes the English call them Tree-frogs or Tree-toads but of Tree-toads I shall have occasion to speak in another place they are said to be venemous but may be safely used being admirable to stop womens over-flowing courses hung about their necks in a Taffeâ—ie bag Captain Smith writes that in New-England there growes a certain berry called Kermes worth 10 shillings a pound and had been formerly sold for 30 or 40 shillings a pound which may yearly be gathered in good quantity I have sought for this berry he speaks of as a man should seek for a needle in a bottle of Hay but could never light upon it unless
â—â—â—gions Non omnis fert omnia tellus The Walnut which is divers some bearing square nuts others like ours but smaller there is likewise black Walnut of precious use for Tables Cabinets and the like The Walnut-tree is the toughest wood in the Countrie and therefore made use of for Hoops and Bowes there being no Yew there growing In England they made their Bowes usually of Witch Hasel Ash Yew the best of outlandish Elm but the Indians make theirs of Walnut The Line-tree with long nuts the other kind I could never find the wood of this Tree Laurel Rhamnus Holly and Ivy are accounted for woods that cause fire by attrition Laurel and Ivy are not growing in New-England the Indians will rub two sear'd sticks of any sort of wood and kindle a fire with them presently The Maple-tree on the boughs of this Tree I have often found a jellied substance like Jewes-Ears which I found upon tryal to be as good for fore throats c. The Birch-tree is of two kinds ordinary Birch and black Birch many of these Trees are stript of their bark by the Indians who make of it their Canows Kettles and Birchen-dishes there is an excrescence growing out of the body of the Tree called spunck or dead mens Caps it growes at the Roots of Ash or Beech or Elm but the best is that which growes upon the black Bâ—rch this boiled and beaten and then dried in an Oven maketh excellent Touchwood and Balls to play with Alder of which wood there is abundance in the wet swamps the bark thereof with the yolke of an Egg is good for a strain an Indian bruising of his knee chew'd the bark of Alder fasting and laid it to which quickly helped him The wives of our West-Countrey English make a drink with the seeds of Alder giving it to their Children troubled with the Alloes I have talk'd with many of them but could never apprehend what disease it should be they so name these Trees are called by some Sullinges The Indians tell of a Tree that growes for up in the land that is as big as an Oake that will cure the falling-sickness infallibly what part thereof they use Bark Wood leaves or fruit I could never learn they promised often to bring of it to me but did not I have seen a stately Tree growing here and there in valleys not like to any Trees in Europe having a smooth bark of a dark brown colour the leaves like great Maple in England called Sycamor but larger it may be this is the Tree they brag of Thus much concerning Trees now I shall present to your view the Shrubs and first of the Sumach Shrub which as I have told you in New-Englands rarities differeth from all the kinds set down in our English Herbalâ— the root dyeth wool or cloth reddish â—he decoction of the leaves in wine drunk is good for all Fluxes of the belly in man or woman the whites c. For galled places stamp the leaves with honey and apply it nothing so soon healeth a wound in the head as Sumach stampt and applyed once in three dayes the powder strewed in stayeth the bleeding of wounds The seed of Sumach pounded and mixt with honey healeth the Hemorrhoids the gum put into a hollow tooth asswageth the pain the bark or berries in the fall of the leaf is as good as galls to make Ink of Elder in New-England is shurubbie dies once in two years there is a sort of dwars-Elder that growes by the Sea-side that hath a red pith the berries of both are smaller than English-Elder not round but corner'd neither of them small so strong as ours Juniper growes for the most part by the Sea-side it bears abundance of skie-coloured berries fed upon by Partridges and hath a woodie root which induceth me to believe that the plant mention'd in Job 30.4 Qui decerpebant herbas é salsilagine cum stâ—rpibus etiam radices Juniperorum cibo erant iliis was our Indian plant Cassava They write that Juniper-coals preserve fire longest of any keeping fire a whole year without supply yet the Indian never burns of iâ— Sweet fern see the rarities of New England the tops and nucaments of sweet forn boiled in water or milk and drunk helpeth all manner of Fluxes being boiled in water it makes an excellent liquor for Inck. Current-buâ—hes are of two kinds red and black the black curâ—ents which are larger than the red smell like cats piss yet are reasonable pleasant in eating The Gooseberry-bush the berry of which is called Grosers or thorn Grapes grow all over the Countrie the berry is but small of a red or purple colour when ripe There is a small shrub which is very common growing sometimes to the height of Elder bearing a berry like in shape to the fruit of the white thorn of a pale yellow colour at frist then red when it is ripe of a deep purple of a delicate Aromatical â—â—st somewhat stiptick to conclude alwayes observe this rule in taking or resusing unknown fruit it you find them eaten of the fowl or beast you may boldly venture to eat of them otherwise do not touch them Maze otherwise called Turkie-wheat or rather Indian-wheat because it came first from thence the leaves boiled and drunk helpeth pain in the back of the stalkes when they are green you may make Beverage as they do with Calamels or Sagarcanes The raw Corn chewed ripens felons or Cats hairs or you may lay Samp to it The Indians before it be thorow ripe eat of it parched Certainly the parched Corn that Abigail brought to David was of this kind of grain 1 Sam. 25.18 The Jewes manner was as it is delivered to us by a learned Divine first to parch their Corn then they fryed it and lastly they bailed it to a paste and then tempered it with water Cheese-Curds Hâ—ncy and Eggs this they carried drye with them to the Camp and so wet the Cakes in Wine or milk such was the pulse too of Africa French-beans or rather American-beans the Heabalists call them kidney beans from their shape and effects for they strengthen the kidneys they are variegated much some being bigger a great deal than others some white black red yellow blew spotted besides your Bonivis and Calavances and the kidney-bean that is proper to Ronoake but these are brought into the Countrie the other are natural to the climate So the Mexico pompion which is flat and deeply camphered the flesh laid to asswageth pain of the eyes The water-mellon is proper to the Countrie the flesh of it is of a flesh colour a rare cooler of Feavers and excellent against the stone Pomum spinosum and palma-Christi too growes not here unless planted brought from Peru the later is thought to be the plant that shaded Jonah the Prophet Jonas 4.6 Paraverat enim Jehova Deus ricinum qui ascenderet supra Jonam ut esset umbra super caput ejus ereptura eum à malo ipsius laetabaturque
Jonas de ricino illo laetitia magna Ricinum that is palma Christi called also cucurbita and therefore translated a Gourd Tobacco or Tabacca so called from Tabaco or Tabagâ— one of the Caribbe-Islands about 50 English miles from Trinidad The right name according to Monardus is picielte as others will petum nicotian from Nicot a Portingal to whom it was presented for a raritie in Anno Dom. 1559. by one that brought it from Florida Great contest there is about the time when it was first brought into England some will have Sir John Hawkins the first others Sir Francis Drake's Mariners others again say that one Mr. Lane imployed by Sir Walter Rawleigh brought it first into England all conclude that Sir Walter Rawleigh brought it first in use It is observed that no one kind of forraign Commodity yieldeth greater advantage to the publick than Tobacco it is generally made the complement of our entertainment and hath made more slaves than Mahomet There is three sorts of it Marchantable the first horse Tobacco having a brâ—ad long leaf piked at the end the second round pointed Tobacco third sweet scented Tobacco These are made up into Cane leaf or ball there is little of it planted in New-England neither have they learned the right way of curing of it It is sowen in April upon a bed of rich mould sifted they make a bed about three yards long or more according to the ground they intend to plant and a yard and a half over this they tread down hard then they sow their seed upon it as thick as may be and sift fine earth upon it then tread it down again as hard as possible they can when it hath gotten four or six leaves they remove in into the planting ground when it begins to bud towards flowring they crop off the top for the Flower drawes away the strength of the leaf For the rest I refer you to the Planter being not willing to discover their mysteries The Indians in New England use a small round leafed Tobacco called by them or the Fishermen Poke It is odious to the English The vertues of Tobacco are these it helps digestion the Gout the Tooth-ach prevents infection by scents it heats the cold and cools them that sweat feedeth the hungry spent spirits restoreth purgeth the stomach killeth nits and lice the juice of the green leaf healeth green wounds although poysoned the Syrup for many diseases the smoak for the Phthisick cough of the lungs distillations of Rheume and all diserses of a cold and moist cause good for all bodies cold and moist taken upon an emptie stomach taken upon a full stomach it precipitates digestion immoderately taken it dryeth the body enflameth the bloud hurteth the brain weakens the eyes and the sinews White Hellebore is used for the Scurvie by the English A friend of mine gave them first a purge then conserve of Bear-berries then sumed their leggs with vinegar sprinkled upon a piece of mill-stone made hot and applied to the sores white Hellebore leaves drink made of Orpine and sorrel were given likewise with it and Seascurvie-grass To kill lice boil the roots of Hellebore in milk and anoint the hair of the head therewith or other places Mandrake is a very rare plant the Indians know it not it is found in the woods about Pascataway they do in plain terms stink therefore Reubens-Flowers that he brought home were not Mandrakes Gen. 30.14 15 16. They are rendered in the Latine Amabiles flores the same word say our Divines is used in Canticles 7.4 Amabiles istos flores edentes odorem secundum ostia nostra omnes pretiosos fructus recentes simulac veteres dilecte mi repono tibi So that the right translation is Reuben brought home amiable and sweet smelling Flowers this in the Canticles say they expounding the other Calamus Aromaticus or the sweet smelling reed it Flowers in July see New-Englands rarities Sarsaparilla or roughbind-weed as some describe it the leaves and whole bind set with thorns of this there is store growing upon the banks of Pouds See the rarities of New-England The leaves of the Sarsaparilla there described pounded with Hogs grease and boiled to an unguent is excellent in the curing of wounds Live for ever it is a kind of Cud-weed flourisheth all summer long till cold weather comes in it growes now plentifully in our English Gardens it is good for cough of the lungs and to cleanse the breast taken as you do Tobacco and for pain in the head the decoction or the juice strained and drunk in Bear Wine or Aqua vitae killeth worms The Fishermen when they want Tobacco take this herb being cut and dryed Lysimachus or Loose-strife there are several kinds but the most noted is the yellow Lysimachus of Virginia the root is longish and white as thick as ones thumb the stalkes of an overworn colour and a little hairie the middle vein of the leaf whitish the Flower yellow and like Primroses and therefore called Tree-primrose growes upon seedie vessels c. The first year it growes not up to a stalke but sends up many large leaves handsomely lying one upon another Rose fashion Flowers in June the seed is ripe in August this as I have said is taken by the English for Scabious St. John's wort it preserveth Cheese made up in it at Sea Spurge or Wolfes milch there are several sorts Avens or herb-bennet you have an account of it in New-Englands rarities but one thing more I shall add that you may plainly perceive a more masculine quality in the plants growing in New-England A neighbour of mine in Hay-time having over-heat himself and melted his grease with striving to outmowe another man fell dangerously sick not being able to turn himself in his bed his stomach gon and his heart fainting ever and anon to whom I administred the decoction of Avens-Roots and leaves in water and wine sweetning it with Syrup of Clove-Gilliflowers in one weeks time it recovered him so that he was able to perform his daily work being a poor planter or husbandman as we call them Red-Lilly growes all over the Countrey amongst the bushes Mr. Johnson upon Gerard takes the Tulip to be the Lilly of the field mentioned by our Saviour Matth. 6.28 29. Ac de vestitu quid soliciti estis discite quomodo lilia agrorum augescant non fatigantur neque nent sed dico vobis ne Solomonem quidem cum universa gloria sic amictum fuisse ut unum ex istis Solomon in all his Royalty was not like one of them His reasons are first from the shape like a lilly The second because those places where 〈◊〉 Savioâ—r was conversant they grow wild in the fields Third the infinite variety of the colours The fourth and last reason the wondrous beautie and mixture of these Flowers Water-lillys the black roots dryed and pulverized are wondrous effectual in the stopping of all manner of fluxes of the belly drunk with
wine or water Herba-paris one berry herb true love or four-leaved night-shade the leaves are good to be laid upon hot tumours Vmbiticus veneris or New-England daisie it is good for hot humours Erisipelas St. Anthonie's fire all inflammations Glass-wort a little quantity of this plant you may take for the Dropsie but be very careful that you take not too much for it worketh impetuously Water-plantane called in New-England water Suck-leaves and Scurvie-leaves you must lay them whole to the leggs to draw out water between the skin and the flesh Rosa-solis Sun-dew moor-grass this plant I have seen more of than ever I saw in my whole life before in England a man may gather upon some marish-grounds an incrâ—dible quantity in a short time towards the middle of June it is in its season for then its spear is shot out to its length of which they take hold and pull the whole plant up by the roots from the moss with case Amber-greese I take to be a Mushroom see the rarities of New-England Monardus writeth that Amber greese riseth out of a certain clammy and bituminous earth under the Seas and by the Sea-side the billows casting up part of it a land and fish devour the rest Some say it is the seed of a Whale others that it springeth from fountains as pitch doth which fishes swallow down the air congealeth it And sometimes it is found in the crevises and corners of Rocks Fuss-balls Mullipuffes called by the Fishermen Wolves-farts are to be found plentifully and those bigger by much than any I have seen in England Coraline there is infinite store of it cast upon the shore and another plant that is more spinie of a Red colour and as hard as Corral Coraline laid to the gout easeth the pain Sea-Oake or wreach or Sea-weed the black pouches of Oâ—r-weed dryed and pulverized and drunk with White-wine is an excellent remedy for the stone I will finish this part of my relation concerning plants with an admirable plant for the curing and taking away of Corns which many times sore troubleth the Traveller it is not above a handful high the little branches are woodie the leaves like the leaves of Box but broader and much thicker hard and of a deep grass-green colour this bruised or champt in the mouth and laid upon the Corn will take it away clean in one night And observe all Indian Trees and plants their Roots are but of small depth and so they must be set Of Beasts of the earth there be scarce 120 several kinds and not much more of the Fowls of the Air is the opinion of some Naturalists there are not many kinds of Beasts in New-England they may be divided into Beasts of the Chase of the stinking foot as Roes Foxes Jaccals Wolves Wild-cats Racoons Porcupines Squncks Musquashes Squirrels Sables and Mattrises and Beasts of the Chase of the sweet foot Buck Red Dear Rain Dear Elke Marouse Maccarib Bear Beaver Otter Marten Hare The Roe a kind of Deer and the fleetest Beast upon earth is here to be found and is good venison but not over fat The Fox the male is called a dog-fox the female a bitch-fox they go a clicketing the beginning of the spring and bring forth their Cubs in May and June There are two or three kinds of them one a great yellow Fox another grey who will climb up into Trees the black Fox is of much esteem Foxes and Wolves are usually hunted in England from Holy-Rood day till the Annunciation In New-England they make best sport in the depth of winter they lay a sledg-load of Cods-heads on the other side of a paled fence when the moon shines and about nine or ten of the clock the Foxes come to it sometimes two or three or half a dozen and more these they shoot and by that time they have cased them there will be as many So they continue shooting and killing of Foxes as long as the moon shineth I have known half a score kill'd in one night Their pisles are bonie like a doggs their fat liquified and put into the ears easeth the pain their tails or bushes are very fair ones and of good use but their skins are so thin yet thick set with deep â—urr that they will hardly hold the dressing Jaccals there be abundance which is a Creature much like a Fox but smaller they â—re very frequent in Palaestina or the Holy-â—and The Wolf seeketh his mate and goes a â—licketing at the same season with Foxes and bring forth their whelps as they do but â—heir kennels are under thick bushes by great Trees in remote places by the swamps he is to be hunted as the Fox from Holyâ—ood day till the Annunciation But there they have a quicker way to destroy them See new-New-England rarities They commonly go in routs a rout of Wolves is 12 or more sometimes by couples In 1664. we sound a Wolf asleep in a small dry swamp under an Oake a great mastiff which we had with us seized upon him and held him till we had put a rope about his neck by which we brought him home and tying of him to a stake we bated him with smaller Doggs and had excellent sport but his hinder legg being broken they knockt out his brains Sometime before this we had an excellent course after a single Wolf upon the hard sands by the Sea-side at low water for a mile or two at last we lost our doggs it being as the Lancashire people phrase it twi-lâ—ght that is almost dark and went beyond them for a mastiff-bitch had seized upon the Wolf being gotten into the Sea and there held him till one went in and led him out the bitch keeping her hold till they had tyed his leggs and so carried him home like a Calf upon a staff between two men being brought into the house they unbound him and set him upon his leggs hâ— not offering in the least to bite or so much as to shew his teeth but clapping his stern betwixt his leggs and leering towards the door would willingly have had his liberty but they served him as they did the other knockt his brains out for our doggs were not then in a condition to bate him their eyes shine by night as a Lanthorn the Fangs of a Wolf hung about childrens necks keep them from frighting and are very good to rub their gums with when they are breeding of Teeth the gall of a Wolf is Soveraign for swelling of the sinews the fiants or dung of a Wolf drunk with white-wine helpeth the Collick The Wild-cat Lusern or luceret or Ounce as some call it is not inferiour to Lamb their grease is very soveraign for lameness upon taking cold The Racoon or Rattoon is of two sorts gray Rattoons and black Rattoons their grease is soveraign for wounds with bruises aches streins bruises and to anoint after broken bones and dislocations The Squnck is almost as big as a Racoon perfect black and white or pye-bald with a
these are the Deer that the flat-â—ooted Wolves hunt after The Maccarib is a Creature not found that ever I heard yet but upon Cape-Sable near to the French plantations The Bear when he goes to mate is a terrible Creature they bring forth their Cubs in March hunted with doggs they take a Tree where they shoot them when he is fat he is excellent Venison which is in Acorn time and in winter but then there is none dares to attempt to kill him but the Indian He makes his Denn amongst thick Bushes thrusting in here and there store of Moss which being covered with snow and melting in the day time with heat of the Sun in the night is frozen into a thick coat of Ice the mouth of his Den is very narrow here they lye single never two in a Den all winter The Indian as soon as he finds them creeps in upon all â—our seizâ—s with his left hand upon the neck of the sleeping Bear drags hâ—m to the mouth of the Den where with a club or small hatchet in his right hand he knocks out his brains before he can open his eyes to see his enemy But sometimes they are too quick for the Indians as one amongst them callâ—d black Robin lighting upon a male Bear had a piece of his buttock torn off before he could fetch his blow their grease is very soveraign One Mr. Purchase cured himself of the Sciatica with Bears-greese keeping some of it continually in his groine It is good too for swell'd Cheeks upon cold for Rupture of the hands in winter for limbs taken suddenly with Sciatica Gout or other diseases that cannot stand upright nor go bed-rid it must be well chaft in and the same cloth laid on still it prevents the shedding of the hair occasioned by the coldness of winters weather and the yard of a Bear which as a Doggs or Foxes is bonie is good for to expell Gravel out of the kidneys and bladder as I was there told by one Mr. Abraham Philater a Jersey-man The Beaver or Pound-dog is an Amphibious Creature lives upon the land as well as in the water I suppose they feed upon fish but am sure that the Bark of Trees is also their food there is an old proverbial saying sic me jubes quotidie ut fiber sâ—licem you love me as the Beaver doth the willow who eateth the Bark and killeth the Tree They will be tame witness the Beaver that not long since was kept at Boston in the Massachusets-Bay and would run up and down the streets returning home without a call Their skins are highly valued and their stones are good for the palsie trembling and numbness of the hands boiling of them in Oyl of Spike and anointing the sinews in the neck If you take of Castorium two drams of womans hair one dram and with a little Rozen of the Pine-Tree make it up into pills as big as Filberts and perfume a woman in a fit of the mother with one at a time laid upon coals under her nostrils it will recover her out of her fit The grease of a Beaver is good for the Nerves Convulsions Epilepsies Apoplexies c. The tail as I have said in another Treatise is very fat and of a masculine vertue as good as Erigno's or Satyrion-Roots The Otter or River Dog is Amphibious too he hunteth for his kind in the spring and bringeth forth his whelps as the Beaver doth they are generally black and very numerous they are hunted in England from Shrovetide untill Midsummer but in New-England they take them when they can The skin of an Otter is worth Ten Shillings and the Gloves made thereof are the best fortification for the hands against wet weather that can be thought of the furr is excellent for muffs and is almost as dear as Beaver the grease of an Otter will make fish turn up their bellies and is of rare use for many things The Hare I have no more to write of them than that they kindle in hollow Trees What else concerns him or any of the fore-mentioned Creatures you have in my New-Englands rarities to which I refer you The Porcupine likewise I have treated of only this I forgot to acquaint you with that they lay Eggs and are good meat The last kind of Beasts are they that are begot by equivocal generation as Mules and several others that when the Beasts were brought by the Almighty Creator to Adam who gave them names were not then in rerum natura Of these there are not many known in New-England I know but of one and that is the Indian dog begotten betwixt a Wolf and a Fox or between a Fox and a Wolf which they made use of taming of them and bringing of them up to hunt with but since the English came amongst them they have gotten store of our dogs which they bring up and keep in as much subjection as they do their webbs Of Birds there are not many more than 120 kinds as our Naturalists have conjectured but I think they are deceived they are divided into land-birds and water-birds the land-birds again into birds of prey birds for meat singing-birds and others The Pilhannaw is the King of Birds of prey in New-England some take him to be a kind of Eagle others for the Indian-Ruck the biggest Bird that is except the Ostrich One Mr. Hilton living at Pascataway had the hap to kill one of them being by the Sea-side he perceived a great shâ—dow over his head the Sun shining out clear casting up his eyes he saw a monstrous Bird soaring aloft in the air and of a sudden all the Ducks and Geese there being then a great many dived under water nothing of them appearing but their heads Mr. Hilton having made readie his piece shot and brought her down to the ground how he disposed of her I know not but had he taken her alive sent her over into England neither Bartholomew nor Sturbridge-Fair could have produced such another sight Hawkes there are of several kinds as Goshawkes Falcons Laniers Sparrow-hawkes and a little black hawke highly prized by the Indians who wear them on their heads and is accounted of worth sufficient to ransome a Sagamour they are so strangely couragious and hardie that nothing flyeth in the Air that they will not bind with I have seen them tower so high that they have been so small that scarcely could they be taken by the eye Hawkes grease is very good for sore eyes The Osprey I have treated of There is a small Ash-colour Bird that is shaped like a Hawke with talons and beak that falleth upon Crowes mounting up into the Air after them and will beat them till they make them cry The Vulture or Geire which is spoken of in Levit. 11.14 and called a Gripe their skins are good to line doublets with and the bones of their head hung about the neck helpeth the head-ach The Gripe see New Englands rarities and for the Turkie-buzzard The
Town from the beginning of it to 1669 is just forty years in which time there hath been an increasing of forty Churches in this Colony but many more in the rest and Towns in all New-England one hundred and twenty for the most part along the Sea Coasts as being wholsomest for somewhat more than two hundred miles onely on Connecticut-River as I have said is thirteen Towns not far off one another The other Towns of note in this Colony are Green-Harbour to the Eastward of Plimonth towards the point of the Cape therefore somewhat unaccessible by land here is excellent Timber for shipping then Marshfield Yarmouth Rehoboth Bridgwater Warwick Taunton Eastham by the Indians called Namset The first Town Northeast from Greenbarbor is Sittuate in the jurisdiction of the Mattachusets-Colony more Northward of Sittuate is Conchusset and Hull a little Burg lying open to the Sea from thence we came to Merton-point over against which is Pullin-point Upon Merton-point which is on the Larboard-side is a Town called Nantascot which is two Leagues from Boston where Ships commonly cast Anchor Pullin-point is so called because the Boats are by the seasing or Roads haled against the Tide which is very strong it is the usual Channel for Boats to pass into Mattachusets-Bay There is an Island on the South-side of the passage containing eight Acres of ground Upon a rising hill within this Island is mounted a Castle commanding the entrance no stately Edifice nor strong built with Brick and Stone kept by a Captain under whom is a master-Gunner and others The Bay is large made by many Islands the chief Deere-Island which is within a flight shot of Pullin-point great store of Deere were wont to swim thither from the Main then Bird-Island Glass-Island Slate-Island the Governours Garden where the first Apple-Trees in the Countrey were planted and a vinyard then Round-Island and Noddles-Island not far from Charles-Town most of these Islands lye on the North-side of the Bay The next Town to Nantascot on the South-side of the Bay is Wissaguset a small Village about three miles from Mount-wolleston about this Town the soil is very sertile Within sight of this is Mount-wolleston or Merry-mount called Massachusets-fields where Chicatabat the greatest Sagamore of the Countrey lived before the plague here the Town of Braintree is seated no Boat nor Ship can come near to it here is an Iron mill to the West of this Town is Naponset-River Sâ—x miles beyond Braintree lyeth Dorchester a frontire Town pleasantly seated and of large extent into the main land well watered with two small Rivers her body and wings filled somewhat thick with houses to the number of two hundred and more beautified with fair Orchards and Gardens having also plenty of Corn-land and store of Cattle counted the greatest Town heretofore in new-New-England but now gives way to Boston it hath a Harbout to the North for Ships A mile from Dorchester is the Town of Roxbury a fair and handsome Countrey Town the streets large the Inhabitants rich replenished with Orchards and Gardens well watered with springs and small freshets a brook runs through it called Smelt-River a quarter of a mile to the North-side of the Town runs stony River it is seated in the bottom of a shallow Bay but hath no harbour for shipping Boats come to it it hath store of Land and Cattle Two miles Northeast from Roxbury and Forty miles from New-Plimouth in the latitude of 42 or 43 degrees and 10 minutes in the bottom of Massachusets-Bay is Boston whose longitude is 315 degrees or as others will 322 degrees and 30 seconds So called from a Town in Lincolnshire which in the Saxons time bare the name of St. Botolph and is the Metropolis of this Colony or rather of the whole Countrey situated upon a Peninsula about four miles in compass almost square and invironed with the Sea saving one small Isthmus which gives access to other Towns by land on the South-side The Town hath two hills of equal height on the frontire part thereof next the Sea the one well fortified on the superficies with some Artillery mounted commanding any Ship as she sails into the Harbour within the still Bay the other hill hath a very strong battery built of whole Timber and fill'd with earth at the descent of the hill in the extreamest part thereof betwixt these two strong Arms lyes a large Cove or Bay on which the chiefest part of the Town is built to the Northwest is a high mountain that out-tops all with its three little rising hills on the summit called Tramount this is furnished with a Beacon and great Guns from hence you may overlook look all the Islands in the Bay and descry such Ships as are upon the Coast the houses are for the most part raised on the Sea-banks and wharfed out with great industry and cost many of them standing upon piles close together on each side the streets as in London and furnished with many fair shops their materials are Brick Stone Lime handsomely contrived with three meeting Houses or Churches and a Town-house built upon pillars where the Merchants may confer in the Chambers above they keep their monethly Courts Their streets are many and large paved with pebble stone and the South-side adorned with Gardens and Orchards The Town is rich and very populous much frequented by strangers here is the dwelling of their Governour On the North-west and Northeast two constant Fairs are kept for daily Traffick thereunto On the South there is a small but pleasant Common where the Gallants a little before Sun-set walk with their Marmalet-Madams as we do in Morefields c. till the nine a clock Bell rings them home to their respective habitations when presently the Constables walk their rounds to see good orders kept and to take up loose people Two miles from the town at a place called Muddy-River the Inhabitants have Farms to which belong rich arable grounds and meadows where they keep their Cattle in the Summer and bring them to Boston in the Winter the Harbour before the Town is filled with Ships and other Vessels for most part of the year Hingham is a Town situated upon the Sea-coasts South-east of Charles-River here is great store of Timber deal-boards masts for Ships white-Cedar and fish is here to be had Dedham an inland-town ten miles from Boston in the County of Suffolk well watered with many pleasant streams and abounding with Garden fruit the Inhabitants are Husbandmen somewhat more than one hundred Families having store of Cattle and Corn. The Town of Waymouth lyes open to the Sea on the East Rocks and Swamps to the South-ward good store of Deer arable â—and and meadows On the North-side of Boston flows Charles-River which is about six fathom deep many small Islands lye to the Bayward â—nd hills on either side the River a very good harbour here may forty Ships ride â—he passage from Boston to Charles-Town is â—y a Ferry worth forty
thereof is situated Newherrie the houses are scattering well stored with meadow upland and â—rable and about four hundred head of Cattle Over against Newberrie lyes the Town of Salisbury where a constant Ferry is kept the River being here half a mile broad the Town scatteringly built Hâ—rd upon the River of Shashin where Merrimach receives this and the other branch into its body is seated Andover stored with land and Cattle Beyond this Town by the branch of Merrimach-River called Shashin lyeth Haverhill a Town of large extent about ten miles in length the inhabitants Husbandmen this Town is not far from Salisbury Over against Haverhill lyeth the Town of Malden which I have already mentioned In a low level upon a fresh River a branch of Merrimach is seated Concord the first inland Town in Massachusets patent well stored with fish Salmon Dace Alewive Shade c. abundance of fresh maish and Cattle this place is subject to bitter â—â—orms The next Town is Sudbury built upon the same River where Concord is but further up to this Town likewise belongs great store of fresh marshes and Arable land and they have many Cattle it lyeth low by reason whereof it is much indammaged with flouds In the Centre of the Countrey by a great pond side and not far from Woeburn is situated Reading it hath two mills a saw-mill and a Corn-mill and is well stockt with Cattle The Colony is divided into four Counties the first is Suffolk to which belongs Dorchester Roxbury Waymouth Hingham Dedham Braintre Sittuate Hull Nantascot Wisagusset The second County is Middlesex to this belongs Charles-town Watertown Cambridge Concord Sudbury Woeburn Reading Malden Mistick Medford Winnisimet and Marble-head To the third County which is Essex belongs New-Salem Linn Ipswich New-Berry Rowley Glocester Wenham and Andover The fourth County is Northfolk to this belongs Salisbury Hampton and Haverhill In the year of our Lord 1628 Mr. John Endicot with a number of English people set down by Capt-Aun at that place called afterwards Gloster but their abiding-place was at Salem where they built a Town in 1639. and there they gathered their first Church consisting but of Seventy persons but afterwards increased to forty three Churches in joynt Communion with one another and in those Churches were about Seven thousand seven hundred and fifty Souls Mr. Endicot was chosen their first Governour The Twelfth of July Anno Dom. 1630. John Wenthorp Esq and the assistants arrived with the Patent for the Massachusets the passage of the people that came along with him in ten Vessels came to 95000 pound the Swine Goats Sheep Neat Horses cost to transport 12000 pound bâ—sides the price they cost them getting food for the people till they could clear the ground of wood amounted to 45000 pound Nails Glass and other Iron work for their meeting and dwelling houses 13000 pound Arms Powder Bullet and March together with their Artillery 22000 pound the whole sum amounts unto One hundred ninety two thousand pounds They set down first upon Nâ—ddle-Island afterwards they began to build upon the main In 1637. there were not many houses in the Town of Boston amongst which were two houses of entertainment called Ordinaries into which if a stranger went he was presently followed by one appointed to that Office who would thrust himself into his company uninvited and if he called for more drink than the Officer thought in his judgment he could soberly bear away he would presently countermand it and appoint the proportion beyond which he could not get one drop The Patent was granted to Sir Henry Rosewell Sir John Young Knight Thomas Southcoat John Humphrey John Endicot and Simon Whitecomb and to their Heirs Assigns and Associats for ever These took to them other Associats as Sir Richard Saltonstall Isaac Johnson Samuel Aldersey Jo. Ven Matth Craddock George Harwood Increase Nowell Rich. Perry Rich. Bellingham Nathaniel Wright Samuel Vasell Theophilus Eaton Thomas Goffe Thomas Adams Jo. Brown Samuel Brown Thomas Hutchins Will Vasell Will. Pinchon and George Foxcroft Matth. Craddock was ordained and constituted Governour by Patent and Thomas Goffe Deputy Governour of the said Company the rest Assistants That part of New-England granted to these fore-mentioned Gentlemen lyeth and extendeth between a great River called Monumach alias Merrimach and the often frequented Charles-River being in the bottom of a Bay called Massachusets alias Mattachusets alias Massatusets-bay and also those lands within the space of three English miles on the South part of the said Charles-River or any or every part and all the lands within three miles to the South-ward part of the Massachusets-bay and all those lands which lye within the space of three English miles to the North-ward of the River Merrimach or to the North-ward of any and every part thereof and all lands whatsoever within the limits aforesaid North and South in latitude and in breadth and length and longitude of and within all the main land there from the Atlantick and Western-Sea and Ocean on the East-part to the South-Sea on the West-part and all lands and grounds place and places soils woods and wood-groves Havens Ports Rivers Waters fishings and Hereditaments whatsoever lying within the aforesaid lands and limits and every part and parcel thereof and also all Islands lying in America aforesaid in the said Seas or either of them on the Western or Eastern Coasts or parts of the said tracts of lands Also all mines and minerals as well Royal of Gold Silver as others c. With power to rule and govern both Sea and land holden of the East manner of Greenwich in Com. Kent in free and common soccage yielding and paying to the King the fifth part of the Oar of Gold and Silver which shall be found at any time This Colony is a body Corporated and Politick in fact by the name of the Governour and Company of the Mattachusets-bay in New-England That there shall be one Governour and Deputy-Governour and Eighteen Assistants of the same Company from time to time That the Governour and Deputy-Governour Assistants and all other Officers to be chosen from amongst the freemen the last Wednesday in Easter-term yearly in the general Court The Governour to take his Corporal Oath to be true and faithful to the Government and to give the same Oath to the other Officers To hold a Court once a month and any seven to be a sufficient Court And that there shall be four general Courts kept in Term time and one great general and solemn Assembly to make Laws and Ordinances So they be not contrary and repugnant to the Laws and Statutes of the Realm of England Their form of Government and what their Laws concern you may see in the ensuing Table Their Laws Concern 1 their-person 1 Magistrates Governour Assistants 1 Counfellers 2 Judges 1 of the whole Countrey 2 of each Town 2 People 1 of the whole Countrey 1 for their prorection 2 for their provision 2 of each Town concerning
that the English are afflicted with are the same that they have in England with some proper to New England griping of the belly accompanied with Feaver and Ague which turns to the bloudy-flâ—x a common disease in the Countrey which together with the small pox hath carried away abundance of their children for this the common medicines amongst the poorer sort are Pills of Cotton swallowed or Sugar and Sallet-oyl boiled thick and made into Pills Alloes pulverized and taken in the pap of an Apple I helped many of them with a sweating medicine only Also they are troubled with a disease in the mouth or throat which hath proved mortal to some in a very short time Quinsies and Impostumations of the Almonds with great distempers of cold Some of our new-New-England writers affirm that the English are never or very rarely heard to sneeze or cough as ordinarily they do in England which is not true For a cough or stitch upon cold Wormwood Sage Marygolds and Crabs-claws boiled in posset-drink and drunk off very warm is a soveraign medicine Pleurisies and Empyemas are frequent there both cured after one and the same way but the last is a desperate disease and kills many For the Pleurisie I have given Coriander-seed prepared Carduus-seed and Harts-horn pulverized with good success the dose one dram in a cup of Wine The Stone terribly afflicts many and the Gout and Sciatica for which take Onions roasted peeled and stampt then boil them with neats-feet oyl and Rhum to a plaister and apply it to the hip Head-aches are frequent Palsies Dropsies Worms Noli-me-tangeres Cancers pestilent Feavers Scurvies the body corrupted with Sea-diet Beef and Pork tainted Butter and Cheese corrupted fish rotten a long voyage coming into the searching sharpness of a purer climate causeth death and sickness amongst them Men and Women keep their complexions but lose their Teeth the Women are pittifully Tooth-shaken whether through the coldness of the climate or by sweet-meats of which they have store I am not able to affirm for the Toothach I have found the following medicine very available Brimstone and Gunpowder compounded with butter rub the mandible with it the outside being first warm'd For falling off of the hair occasioned by the coldness of the climate and to make it curl take of the strong water called Rhum and wash or bath your head therewith it is an admirable remedie For kibed heels to heal them take the yellowest part of Rozen pulverize it and work it in the palm of your hand with the tallow of a Candle to a salve and lay of it to the sore For frozen limbs a plaister framed with Soap Bay-salt and Molosses is sure or Cow-lung boiled in milk and applyed For Warts and Corns bathe them with Sea-water There was in the Countrey not long since living two men that voided worms seven times their length Likewise a young maid that was troubled with a sore pricking at her heart still as she lean'd her body or stept down with her soot to the one side or the other this maid during her distemper voided worms of the length of a finger all hairy with black heads it so fell out that the maid dyed her friends desirous to discover the cause of the distemper of her heart had her open'd and found two crooked bones growing upon the top of the heart which as she bowed her body to the right or left side would job their points into one and the same place till they had worn a hole quite through At Cape-Porpus lived an honest poor planter of middle-ige and strong of body but so extreamly troubled with two lumps or wens as I conjectured within him on each side one that he could not rest for them day nor night being of great weight and swagging to the one side or the other according to the motion or posture of his body at last he dyed in Anno 1668 as I think or thereabouts Some Chirurgeons there were that proffered to open him but his wife would not assent to it and so his disease was hidden in the Grave It is the opinion of many men that the blackness of the Negroes proceeded from the curse upon Cham's posterity others again will have it to be the property of the climate where they live I pass by other Philosophical reasons and skill only render you my experimental knowledge having a Barbarie-moor under cure whose finger prickt with the bone of a fish was Impostumated after I had lanc'd it and let out the Corruption the skin began to rise with proud flesh under it this I wore away and having made a sound bottom I incarnated it and then laid on my skinning plaister then I perceived that the Moor had one skin more than Englishmen the skin that is basted to the flesh is bloudy and of the same Azure colour with the veins but deeper than the colour of our Europeans veins Over this is an other skin of a tawny colour and upon that Epidermis or Cuticula the flower of the skin which is that Snakes cast and this is tawny also the colour of the blew skin mingling with the tawny makes them appear black I do not peremptorily affirm this to be the cause but submit to better judgment More rarities of this nature I could make known unto you but I hasten to an end only a word or two of our English Creatures and then to Sea again I have given you an Account of such plants as prosper there and of such as do not but so briefly that I conceive it necessary to afford you some what more of them Plantain I told you sprang up in the Countrey after the English came but it is but one sort and that is broad-leaved plantain Gilliflowers thrive exceedingly there and are very large the Collibuy or humming-Bird is much pleased with them Our English dames make Syrup of them without fire they steep them in Wine till it be of a deep colour and then they put to it spirit of Vitriol it will keep as long as the other Eglantine or sweet Bryer is best sowen with Juniper-berries two or three to one Eglantine-berry put into a hole made with a stick the next year separate and remove them to your banks in three years time they will make a hedge as high as a man which you may keep thick and handsome with cutting Our English Clover-grass sowen thrives very well Radishes I have seen there as big as a mans Arm. Flax and Hemp flourish gallantly Our Wheat i. e. summer Wheat many times changeth into Rye and is subject to be blasted some say with a vapour breaking out of the earth others with a wind North-east or North-west at such time as it flowereth others again say it is with lightning I have observed that when a land of Wheat hath been smitten with a blast at one Corner it begins at the stem which will be spotted and goes upwards to the ear making it fruitless in 1669 the pond that lyeth between
Huet Minister arrived in New-England Mr. Peck and Mr. Saxton A Church gathered at Braintree Mr. Wheelright pastor Mr. Henry Dunster arrived in New-England Anno Domini 1641 Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of new-Plimouth Colony Mr. Richard Belingham chosen Governour of the Massachusets Colony Mr. John Endicot Deputy A Church gathered at Glocester in the Massachusets Colony A sharp winter in New-England the harbours and salt bayes frozen over so as passable for Men Horses Oxen and Carts five weeks Anno Domini 1642 Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of new-Plimouth Colony Mr. John Winthorp chosen Governour of the Massachusets Colony John Endicot Esq Deputy Governour This Spring Cowes and Cattle fell from 22 pound a Cow to six seven and eight pound a Cow of a sudden A Church now gathered at Weeburn in the Massachusets Colony Thirteen able Ministers now at this time in new-Plimouth Jurisdiction Harvard-Colledge founded with a publick Library Ministers bred in New-England and excepting about 10 in Harvard-Colledge one hundred thirty two of which dyed in the Countrey Ten now living eighty one removed to England sorty one June Warwick Parliament Admiral Anno Domini 1643 Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of the new-Plimouth Colony Mr. John Winthorp chosen Governour of the Massachusets Colony Mr. John Endicot Deputy Governour May 19. the first Combination of the four united Colonies viz. Plimouth Massachusets Connecticut and new-haven Anno Domini 1644 Mr. Edward Winslow chosen Governour of new Plimouth Colony John Endicot Esq chosen Governour of the Massachusets Colony John Winthorp Esq Deputy Governour A Church gathered at Haveril Mr. Roger Harlackendin dyed about this time A Church gathered at Reading in New-England A Church gathered at Wenham both in the Massachusets Colony The Town of Eastham erected 〈◊〉 some in Plimouth Anno Domini 1645 Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of new-Plimouth Colony Mr. Thomas Dudley chosen Governour of the Massachusets Colony and Mr. John Winthorp Deputy Governour Mr. John Endicot major General A Church gathered at Springfield Anno Domini 1646 Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of new-Plimouth Colony Mr. John Winthorp chosen Governour of the Massachusets Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy and Mr. John Endicot major General Two Suns appeared towards the latter end of the year This year they drew up a body of Laws for the well ordering of their Common-wealth as they termed it printed in 1648. Three men of War arrived in new-Plimouth harbour under the Command of Capt. Thomas Cromwell richly laden a mutiny amongst the Sea-men whereby one man was killed The second Synod at Cambridge touching the duty and power of magistrates in matters of Religion Secondly the nature and power of Syâ—â—â— Mâ— John Eliot first preached to the Indians in their Native language the principal Instruments of converting the Indians Mr. John Eliot Senior Mr. John Eliot Junior Mr. Thomas Mayhew Mr. Pierson Mr. Brown Mr. James and Mr. Cotton Anno Domini 1647 Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of new-Plimouth Colony Mr. John Winthoâ—p chosen Governour of the Massachusets Colony Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Governour and Mr. John Endicot Major General Now Mr. Thomas Hooker pastâ—r of the Church at Hertford dyed The Tartars over-run China Anno Domini 1648 Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of new Plimouth Colony John Winthorp chosen Govenour of the Mâ—ssachusets colony Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Governour Mr. John Endicot major General A Church gathered at Andover A Church gathered at Mâ—lden Mr. Sarjant pastor A second Church gathered at Boston A third Synod at Cambridge publishing the pâ—aâ—form of Discipline Jan. 30. King Charles the first murdered Charles the Second began his Raign Their Laws in the Massachusets colony printed Anno Domini 1649 John Winthorp Esq Governour of the Massachusets colony March the 26 deceased Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of new Plimouth Mr. John Endicot chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Governour Mr. Gibbons major General An innumerable Company of Caterpillars in some parts of New-England destroyed the fruits of the Earth August the 25 Mr. Thomas Shepherd Pastor of Cambridge Church dyed Mr. Phillips also dyed this year Anno Domini 1650 Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of new-Plimouth colony Mr. Thomas Dudley chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. John Endicot Deputy Governour Mr. Gibbons major General A great mortality amongst children this year in new-New-England Anno Domini 1651 Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of new-Plimouth colony Mr. John Endicot chosen Governour of the Massachusets coâ—â—ny Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Governour Mr. Gibbons major General The City Bilbo totally cover'd with waters for 15 days 16 foot above the tops of the highâ—st houses the loss was very much to the whole Kingdom there being their stock of dryed fish and dryed Goat the general dyet of Spair Barâ—â—dâ—s surrâ—ndred to the Parliament its longitude 322 latitude 13 degrees 17 or 18 miles in compass Hugh Peters and Mr. Wells and John Baker returned into England Anno Domini 1652 Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of new-Plimouth colony Mr. Jâ—hn Endicot chosen Governour of the Mâ—ssachusets colony Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Governour Mr. Gibbons major Gâ—neral John Cotton Teacher of Bâ—ston Church dyed a Comet was seen at the time of his sickness hanging over New-England which â—â—â—nt out soon after his death The Spirits that took Children in England said to be set a work first by the Parliament and Hugh Peters as chief Agent Actor or Procurer Anno Domini 1653 Oliver Cromwell Uâ—urped the Title of Protector December the Sixteenth Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of new-Plimouth colony Mr. Thomas Dudley chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. John Endicot Deputy Governour Mr. Gibbons major General Mr. Thomas Dudley Governour of the Massachusets colony dyed aged about 77 years at his house at Râ—xebury July 31. A great fire at Boston in new-New-England Anno Domini 1654 Mr. William Bradfoâ—d chosen Governour of new-Plimouth colony Mr. Bellingham Governour Endicot Deputy Major General Gibbons dyed this year Anno Domini 1655 Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of new-Plimouth colony Mr. John Endicot Governour of the Massachusets Bellingham Deputy Jamaica taken by the English Anno Domini 1656 General Mountague taketh Spanish prizes Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of new-Plimouth colony Mr. John Endicot Governour of the Mâ—ssachusets Mr. Francis Willowby Deputy Anno Domini 1657 Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of new-Plimouth colony Mâ— William Bradford now dyed Mr. John Endicot Governour Bellingham Deputy Mr. Theophilus Eaton Governour of New-haven colony dyed Fifth monarchy-men rebell The Quakers arrive at new-Plimouth Anno Domini 1658 Oliver Cromwell dyed September the third Richard Cromwell set up Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of new-Plimouth colony Mr. John Endicot chosen Governour of the Massachusets Bellingham Deputy A great Earth-quake in new-New-England Mr. Ralph Partrick minister at Ruxbury now deceased John Philips of Marshfield slain by thunder and lightning Anno Domini 1659 Mr. Thomas Prince chosen
Governour of new Plimouth colony Mr. John Endicot chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony The Quakers opinions vented up and down the Countrey Mr. Henry Dunster first President of Harvard Colledge deceased Richard Cromwel ended May the seventh The Rump Parliament December the six and twentieth put down William Robinson Marmaduke Stevenson and Mary Dyer Quakers of Rhâ—d Island â—entenced to suffer death by Mr. John Endicot Governour of the Massachusets colony which accordingly was executed within a day or two the prisoners being guarded by Capt James Oliver with 200 Souldiers to the place of Execution where the two men were hanged and the woman reprieved at the Gallows and banished Anno Domini 1660 Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of new-Plimouth colony John Endicot chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. Bellingham Deputy James Pierce slain by lightning at new-Plimouth May the 29 King Charles the Second returned into England June the 20 a damnable cheat like to have been put upon England by a Brief for New-England which as it appeared was produced before the King came in but not printed by Mr. Leach in Shoe-lane till June pretending that 18 Turks-men of War the 24 of January 1653 60 landed at a Town called Kingsword alluding to Charles-town three miles from Boston kill'd 40 took Mr. Sims minister prisoner wounded him kill'd his wife and three of his little children carried him away with 57 more burnt the Town carried them to Argier their loss amounting to 12000 pound the Turk demanding 8000 pound ransom to be paid within 7 moneths Signed by Thomas Margets Edward Calamy William Jenkin William Vincent George Wind Joseph Caryl John Menord William Cooper Thomas Manton Ministers Hugh Peters put to death the 16 of October Thomas Venner a Wine-Cooper hang'd drawn and quartered Ian. 19. Anno Domini 1661 The fifth Monarchy-men rise at London Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of new Plimouth colony Mr. John Endicot chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. Bellingham Deputy Major Atherton now dyed in New-England Anno Domini 1662 Sir Henry Vane beheaded June the 14. Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of new-Plimouth colony Mr. John Endicot chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony January 26 and the 28 Earthquakes in New-England 6 or 7 times in the space of Three days 1662 1663. John Baker unduâ—ly called Capt. Baker hang'd at Tiburn December the 11 of February Anno Domini 1663 Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of new-Plimouth colony Mr. John Endicot chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. Willowby Deputy Governour and Mr. Thomas Leveret major General April the fifth Mr. John Norton Teacher at the first Church in Boston dyed suddenly Mr. Samuel Newman Teacher at Rehoboth in New-England now dyed Mr. Samuel Stone Teacher of Hartford Church in New-England now dyed also Several Earth-quakes this year in New-England Charles Chancie batchelor of Divinity and President of Harvard-Colledge in New-England Anno Domini 1664 Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of new-Plimouth colony Mr. John Endicot chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. Francis Willowby Deputy Governour Mr. Thomas Leveret Major General May the 20 the Kings Commissioners arrived in New-England viz. Sir Robert Carr Colonel Nicols Colonel Cartwright and Mr. Samuel Maverich with whom came one Mr. Archdale as Agent for Mr. Ferdinando Gorges who brought to the colony in the province of Main Mr. F. Gorges order from his Majesty Charles the Second under his manâ—al and his Majesties Letters to the Massachusets concerning the same to be restored unto the quiet possession and enjoyment of the said province in New-England and the Government thereof the which during the civil Wars in England the Massachusets colony had usurpt and by help of a Jacobs staff most shamefully encroached upon Mr. Gorges rights and priviledges The 29 of August the Manadaes called Novede Belgique or New Netherlands their chief Town New Amsterdam now called New Yorke Surrendered up unto Sir Robert Carr and Colonel Nichols his Majesties Commissioners thirteen days after in September the Fort and Town of Arania now called Albany twelve days after that the Fort and Town of Awsapha then de la Ware Castle man'd with Dutch and Sweeds the three first Forts and Towns being built upon the River Mehegan otherwise called Hudsons River The whole Bible Translated into the Indian-Tongue by Mr. Johu Eliot Senior was now printed at Cambridge in New-England December a great and dreadful Comet or blazing-star appeared in the South-east in new-New-England for the space of three moneths which was accompanied with many sad effects great mildews blasting in the Countrey the next Summer Anno Domini 1665 Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of new-Plimouth colony Mr. John Endicot chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. Francis Willowby Deputy Governour Mr. Leveret Major General Two Comets or blazing-stars appeared in 4 moneths time in England December 1664. and in March following Mr. John Endicot Governour of the Massachusets colony deceased March the three and twentieth Capt. Davenport kill'd with lightning as he lay on his bed at the Castle by Boston in New-England and several wounded Wheat exceedingly blasted and mildewed in New-England A thousand foot sent this year by the French King to Canada Colonel Cartwright in his voyage for England was taken by the Dutch The Isle of Providence taken by the English Buchaners Puerto Rico taken and plundered by the English Buchaners and abandoned Anno Domini 1666 Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. Richard Bellingham chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. Francis Willowby Deputy Governour Mr. Leveret major General St. Christophers taken by the French July the Lord Willowby of Parham cast away in a Hurricane about the Caribby-Islands The small pox at Boston in the Massachusets colony Three kill'd in a moment by a blow of Thunder at Marshfield in New-Plimouth colony and four at Pascataway colony and divers burnt with lightning a great whirlwind at the same time This year also new-New-England had cast away and taken Thirty one Vessels and some in 1667. The mildews and blasting of Corn still continued Anno Domini 1667 Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of New-Plimouth colony Mr. Richard Bellingham chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. Fr. Willowby Deputy Governour and Mr. Leveret major General Sir Robert Carr dyed next day after his arrival at Bristow in England June the first Several vollies of shot heard discharged in the Air at Nantascot two miles from Boston in the Massachusets colony Mr. John Davenport chosen pastor of the Independent Church at Boston In March there appeared a sign in the Heavens in the form of a Spear pointing directly to the West Sir John Harman defeated the French Fleet at the Caribbes Mr. John Wilson Pastor of Boston Church in the Massachusets colony 37 years now dyed aged 79 he was Pastor of that Church three years before Mr. Cotton twenty years with him ten years with Mr. Norton and four years after him Anno
1 their lands 2 their Treasure 2 or causes 1 Civil they concern 1 The publick State or 2 Particular persons 2 Criminal Whether between the members of their own Common-wealth they are 1 either of Trespasses or 1 in their personal Inheritances and proprieties 2 In their mutual commerce whether in way 1 Of buying and selling 2 Lending and borrowing 2 of Capital Crimes 2 Between Burgesses and the people and forraign Nations whether in case 1 That we do them wrong 2 That they do us wrong Anno Dom. 1646. they drew up a body of their Laws for the well ordering of their Commonwealth as they not long since termed it The military part of their Common-wealth is governed by one Major-General and three Serjeant Majors to the Major-General belongeth particularly the Town of Biston to the three Serjeant Majors belong the four Counties but with submission to the Major-General The first Serjeant Major chosen for the County of Suffolk was Major Gibbons For the County of Middlesex Major Sedgwick For the County of Essex and Northfolk Major Denison Every Town sends two Burgesses to their great and solemn general Court For being drunk they either whip or impose a fine of Five shillings so for swearing and cursing or boring through the tongue with a hot Iron For kâ—ssing a woman in the street though in way of civil salute whipping or a fine For Single fornication whipping or a fine For Adultery put to death and so for Witchcraft An English woman suffering an Indian to have carnal knowledge of her had an Indian cut out exactly in red cloth sewed upon her right Arm and injoyned to wear it twelve moneths Scolds they gag and set them at their doors for certain hours for all comers and goers by to gaze at Stealing is punished with restoring four fould if able if not they are sold for some years and so are poor debtors If you desire a further inspection to their Laws I must refer you to them being in print too many for to be inserted into this Relation The Governments of their Churches are Independent and Presbyterial every Church for so they call their particular Congregations have one Pastor one Teacher Ruling Elders and Deacons They that are members of their Churches have the Sacraments administred to them the rest that are out of the pale as they phrase it are denyed it Many hundred Souls there be amongst them grown up to men womens estate that were never Christened They judge every man and woman to pay Five shillings per day who comes not to their Assemblies and impose fines of forty shillings and fifty shillings on such as meet together to worship God Quakers they whip banish and hang if they return again Anabaptists they imprison fine and weary out The Government both Civil and Ecclesiastical is in the hands of the thorow-pac'd Independents and rigid Presbyterians The grose Goddons or great masters as also some of their Merchants are damnable rich generally all of their judgement inexplicably covetous and proud they receive your gifts but as an homage or tribute due to their transcendency which is a fault their Clergie are also guilty of whose living is upon the bounty of their hearers On Sundays in the afternoon when Sermon is ended the people in the Galleries come down and march two a breast up one Ile and down the other until they come before the desk for Pulpit they have none before the desk is a long pue where the Elders and Deacons sit one of them with a mony box in his hand into which the people as they pass put their offering some a shilling some two shillings half a Crown five shillings according to their ability and good will after this they conclude with a Psalm but this by the way The chiefest objects of discipline Religion and morality they want some are of a Linsie-woolsie disposition of several professions in Religion all like Aethiopians white in the Teeth only full of ludification and injurious dealing and cruelty the extreamest of all vices The chiefest cause of Noah's floud Prov. 27.26 Agni erant ad vestitum tuum is a frequent Text among them no trading for a stranger with them but with a Graecian faith which is not to part with your ware without ready money for they are generally in their payments recusant and slow great Syndies or censors or controllers of other mens manners and savagely factious amongst themselves There are main travelling women too in Salomon's sence more the pitty when a woman hath lost her Chastity she hath no more to lose But mistake me not to general speeches none but the guilty take exceptions there are many sincere and religious people amongst them descryed by their charity and humility the true Characters of Christianity by their Zenodochie or hospitality by their hearty submission to their Soveraign the King of England by their diligent and honest labour in their callings amongst these we may account the Royalists who are lookt upon with an evil eye and tongue boulted or punished if they chance to lash out the tame Indian for so they call those that are born in the Countrey are pretty honest too and may in good time be known for honest Kings men They have store of Children and are well accommodated with Servants many hands make light work many hands make a full fraught but many mouths eat up all as some old planters have experimented of these some are English others Negroes of the English there are can eat till they sweat and work till they freeze of the females that are like Mrs. Winters paddocks very tender fingerd in cold weather There are none that beg in the Countrey but there be Witches too many bottle-bellied Witches amongst the Quakers and others that produce many strange apparitions if you will believe report of a Shallop at Sea man'd with women of a Ship and a great red Horse standing by the main-mast the Ship being in a small Cove to the Eastward vanished of a suddain Of a Witch that appeared aboard of a Ship twenty leagues to Sea to a Mariner who took up the Carpenters broad Axe and cleft her head with it the Witch dying of the wound at home with such like bugbears and Terriculamentaes It is published in print that there are not much less than Ten hundred thousand souls English Scotch and Irish in New-England Most of their first Magistrates are dead not above two left in the Massachusets but one at Plimouth one at Connecticut and one at New-haven they having done their generation work are laid asleep in their beds of rest till the day of doom there and then to receive their reward according as they have done be it good or evil Things of great indurance we see come to ruine and alter as great Flouds and Seas dryed up mighty hills and mountains sunk into hollow bottoms marvel not then that man is mortal since his nature is unconstant and transitory The Diseases