Proprietors thereof to be put to death Finichia one of the present Names of Cilicia a Province of the Lesser Asia next Syria Finkeley a Village in the Bishoprick of Durham in Chester Ward mentioned in the Councils by the name of Finchala and Fincenhala there having been a Council held at it in the year 798. by Eanbald Archbishop of York Finland Finlandia Fenni Finnia Fionnonia is a very spatious Country heretofore a distinct Kingdom but now subject to the Crown of Sweden and distinguished with the Title of a Dukedom belonging to the King of Sweden's sons Bounded on the North by Desarts or unknown Countries from which it is separated by the Lake and River Vla Tresk on the West it has the Botner Sea a Branch of the Baltick on the South the Bay of Finland another Branch of it and on the East the Dominions of the Great Duke of Muscovy It contains several very great Provinces as Ciania Tavasthia Nylandia Carelia Savolaxia and Finland properly so called which is the most Southern and most noble Aboa a Town upon the River Aurojoki over against the Isle of Aland is the Capital of this Kingdom and the Seat of the Swedish Viceroy This Kingdom was first conquered to the Crown of Sweden in 1384 by Erick one of their Kings In 1571 the Muscovites intending a Conquest fell into it with a Savageness and Cruelty hard to be expressed or believed but were recalled by an Irruption of the Tartars upon their own Countries It is called by the Inhabitants and Swedes Finner by the Danes Finder by the Germans Fennen by the Dutch Finlander Cluverius saith it is a considerable part of the Kingdom of Sweden and that it is fruitful and affords excellent Pasturage Finmark Finmarchia called by the Inhabitants Taakemarch and Finmark is a Province of the Kingdom of Norway on the Western Ocean The Southern part of it is subject to the Danes the Northern to the Swedes This Country is barren rocky covered with dreadful Woods full of Bears and Wolves and other ravenous Beasts the Inhabitants till of late lived in Summer like the Nomades wandring from place to place as the convenience of Water and Pasture invited them The Princes under whom they now are to reduce them from this vagrant way of living granted the Lands to the first Occupant by which means some parts are improved but the more barren can be used no other way and therefore are left still in common The Inhabitants are a mongrel sort of Christians extreamly ignorant and barbarous infamous for Witchcraft revengeful beyond belief and as rugged as the Country they inhabit Fionda a small Village on the Shoars of the Mediterranean Sea in the Lesser Asia in the Confines of Lycia and Pamphylia which in the Roman times was called Phaselis and before Pityussa it lies East of the Chelidonian Rocks and West of Mount Masicytus two hundred and twenty English Miles from the most Western Cape of Cyprus A Bishops See under the Archbishop of Myra now Stramita but so very small that little notice is taken of it in the â—â—ter Maps Fionia See Fuynen Fionissi Lyssus a Town in Creet Candia on the Western Shoar near the most Southern Cape of that Island Fiore Ossa a River of Italy in the Dominions of the Great Duke of Florence which falls into the Mediterranean Sea at Telemont a small Sea-Port belonging to Sienna Fiorenza See Florence Firando a City and Kingdom of Japan in that part which is called Ximo to which there belongs an Island of the same Name on the Western Shoar also Firi Maxera Mazeras a River of Hyrcania which falls into the Hyrcanian Sea Firmiana Firmanorum Castrum a small Castle on the Adriatick Sea in the Marca Anconitana near the Mouth of the River Tinna now commonly called Fermo thirty Italian Miles from Ancona to the South and an Archbishops See Fischio Phusca a Maritim City of Caria in the Lesâ—er Asia over against the Isle of Rhodes about eighty four English Miles from Ephesus to the South In the later Maps it is placed much more to the East than the Isle of Rhodes Fishgard a Market Town in Pembrokeshire in the Principality of Wales and the Hundred of Kemeys Fismes Fimae ad fines a Town in the Province of Champaigne in France upon the River Vesle Two Councils have been assembled at it in the years 881 and 935 which write it Finibus apud Sanctam Macram from a Stone 't is supposed that serves as a Boundary hard by to the Bishopricks of Rheims Laon and Soissons Flagania See Paphlagonia Flaiz Flaicus an Isle of France belonging to Santoigne Flamborough-head a noted Promontory in the East Riding of Yorkshire two Miles from Burlington Bay so called from the small Town Flamborough standing in it Flanders Flandria by the Natives call'd Vlaenderen is the greatest and noblest of those Seventeen Provinces called the Low Countries Bounded on the East with Hainault and Brabant on the West with the British Ocean on the North with the Seas of Zealand and on the South in part by Artois and in part by Hainault and Picardy of which Artois was at first a part and after five or six descents reunited again to it This Province saith Ortelius is most excellent Pasture especially towards the West It affords excellent Kine and warlike Horses and abounds in Butter Cheese and excellent Wheat The People are much given to Merchandize and Cloathing their Linnen having plenty of Flax and Hemp exceeds all other Countries and as to Woollen they having the Wooll from Spain and England improve it by their industry to a wonder and then supply all the World with the Product But in this the zeal of Philip II. King of Spain has altered the state of things in a great degree This Province has twenty eight walled Towns or Cities a thousand one hundred and fifty Villages besides Forts Castles and Noble Mens Houses and a great number of Abbeys Priories Colleges and Monasteries It has five Viscounties three Principalities four Ports and thirty one Chatellanies The principal of which in Ortelius his time was Gaunt This great Province was divided into three Parts 1. Flanders Flammengant bounded on the East by the Imperial Flanders and the Scheld on the West by the British Seas on the North by the Seas of Zealand and on the South with Artois and Flanders Gallicant the principal City of which was Gaunt 2. Imperial Flanders so called because it was a Fee of the Empire divided from Brabant on the East by the River Dender and from the Gallick Flanders on the West by the Scheld on the North it has the River Dender and on the South Hainault the principal Town of this is Alost whence it is now commonly called the County of Alost 3. Flanders Gallicant so called because the French Tongue was heretofore most spoken in it This has Hainault on the East Artois on the South the British Sea on the West and Flanders Flammigant on the North
one Channel near the City Teneriffa in the Province of S. Martha falling afterwards into the North Sea § Also a Government in Brasil Rioga Rivogia a Province in Spain which was a part of Navarre but now annexed to Old Castile it is divided from Alava by the Douro and lies between Old Castile and Navarre The principal Towns of which are Calzada Legrono Najara and Belorado Riom Riomum Ricomagum a City in the Lower Auvergne in France two Leagues from Clermont to the North in a flourishing State The Capital of Auvergne adorned with a College of Oratorians of the Foundation of Lewis XIV an antient Abbey built in the beginning of the seventh Century two Hospitals and divers Churches and religious Communities Genebrard and Sirmondus the learned Jesuit were produced by this Place Ripa de Transona a small but elegant City in the Marquisate of Ancona under the Pope and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Fermo It stands five Miles from the Shoars of the Adriatick Sea the same from the Borders of the Kingdom of Naples and ten from Fermo Pope Pius V. made it a Bishops See in 1571. Ripaille a Town in Savoy upon the Lake of Geneva Ripen Ripa a City in the Kingdom of Denmark in South Jutland which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Lunden and has a convenient Harbor upon the German Ocean at the Mouth of the River Nipsick and a Fortress five Miles from Hadersleben to the West and eight from Flensburgh to the South-West This Bishoprick was founded by Balatand King of Denmark in 950. Christopher I. King of Denmark died here in 1259. The City was taken by the Swedes in 1645 but since recovered by the Danes Ripley a Market Town in the West Riding of Yorkshire in the Hundred of Claro upon the River Nyd Rippon Rhidogunum a Town in Yorkshire in the West Riding in the Hundred of Claro of good Antiquity near the Youre over which it has a Bridge Adorned with a Collegiate Church with three lofty Spires and antiently with a stately Monastery built by Wilfride Archbishop of York till the Danes destroy'd it with the Town Yet Odo Archbishop of Canterbury repaired it again and translated the Reliques of the holy Founder to Canterbury There is a narrow hole in a Vault under ground in the Church called S. Wilfride's Needle It is one of the best Towns in the County well inhabited and of note particularly for making good Spurs Having the Privilege to be a Corporation also represented by two Members in the House of Commons Risano Formio a River of Carniola the upper part of which is called by the Germans Alben the lower by the Italians Risano It springeth out of the Alpes from Mount Ocra in Carniola towards the Lake of Lugea or Czirknitzerzee and flowing Westward through Istria falls by the Bay of Trieste into the Adriatick Sea six Miles from Trieste and two North of Capo di Istria Risano Rhizana a City of Dalmatia mentioned by Ptolemy Pliny and Polybius which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Raguza under the Dominion of the Turks and accordingly much depopulated and ruined It stands forty Miles from Raguza towards Scodra from which thirty Long. 45. 15. Lat. 42. 00. Risborough a Market Town in Buckinghamshire in the Hundred of Aylesbury Risenbergh a Mountain in the Eastern parts of Bohemia out of which the Elbe springeth Rivadava or Rivadeo a City of Gallicia in Spain called by the French Rivedieu it stands upon the Bay of Biscay in the Borders of Asturia at the bottom of an Hill and the Mouth of the River Navius which affords it the convenience of a Port fourteen Spanish Leagues from Oviedo to the West and four from Mondonedo Rivera di Genoua Liguria Littorea is a Country in Italy bounded on the West by the Maritime Alpes by which it is divided from France on the East by the River Magra by which it is divided from Hetruria or Tuscany on the North by the Apennine and on the South by the Mediterranean Sea here called the Ligurian Sea In the middle of it stands the City of Genoua which divides it into the Eastern and Western This is now under the States of Genoua by whom a great part of the Western Division is destinated more to pleasure than profit the rich Genoueses having filled it with Country-Houses where they spend the pleasant time of the Summer and Autumn in noble Palaces and delightful Gardens The Eastern Division supplies them with as much Wine as they need and an extraordinary plenty of good Oil. The principal Place in the Western is Aranza once an inconsiderable Village lately a Place of great Trade and Wealth having sixty Sail of Ships trading into all parts of the World but their Shipping is now declining The principal Place in the Eastern is Sarazana a Town of great strength Rivoli Rivolium a small Town in Piedmont called by the French Rivoles It stands upon the River Doria eight Miles from Turin to the West and has one of the most sumptuous Castles in Piedmont Roan Rotomagus the Capital City of Normandy called by the French Rouen by Caesar and the other ancient Historians Vrbs Velocassium It is an Archbishops See and the Seat of the Parliament of Normandy Great rich populous well built in all respects one of the best Cities in France and thought by some to be the greatest next to Paris It stands upon the Seyne which affords it a noble Harbor and a great Trade at the foot of an Hill twelve Miles above Dieppe and twenty eight beneath Paris with a Bridge upon the Seyne for the convenience of a Land Trade It has an old Castle called the Palace in which the Dukes of Normandy kept their Court and is about seven Miles in compass having besides what lies within the Walls six very great Suburbs and containing in the whole thirty five Parishes with thirty four Monasteries for Men and Women The Castle on S. Catharines Hill is now intirely ruined This City is said by Vitalis lib. 5. to be built by Julius Caesar Valesius proves it one of the most ancient Cities of France and that in the times of Theodosius the Great it was esteemed as a City of the highest rank Taken by the Normans in 889 and assigned to Rollo first Duke of Normandy in 912 when Rollo became a Christian It continued under his Posterity fourteen Descents In 1019. it suffered very much by fire Taken from John King of England by Philip the August King of France in 1204 after it had been in the Hands of the Normans three hundred and sixteen years This City continued under the French till 1418 When the English under Henry V. retook it after a bloody Siege Charles VII of France recovered it to that Crown in 1449. In the times of the late Civil Wars of France it was taken and sacked by the Hugonots in 1562 but recovered after the Battel of Dreux and plundered by the Royal Party Anthony of
from Paris to the South near the River Allier This City was erected from a Barony into a Dukedom by Charles le bel in 1327. And its Castle is reputed a place of great Strength § The Island of Bourbon otherwise call'd Mascarenhi is an Island under the French ever since the Portugueze lost it to them in the Aethiopick Ocean to the East of Madagascar about 25 Leagues in Length and 14 in Breadth They say there is a Volcano in some part of it the rest is very fruitful Bourbon l' Ancy a Town and Castle in the Province of Burgogne in France 7 Leagues from Moulins and one quarter of a League from the Loyre It is much in Esteem for Mineral Waters which are here covered with a Noble Structure of the Ancient Roman Work This Town was never taken in the Civil Wars It gives Name to a Territory in the Diocese of Autun that is parted from the Province of Bourbonnois by the River Loyre Boyne Bouinda a River in the Province of Leinster in Ireland which runs hard by Drogheda where K. James II. and his Army being about 25000 men encamped on the South side of this River received the Defeat of Jul. 1. 1690. by K. William in Person The Duke of Schomberg was killed in the Action Burbourg Burburgus a Town in the East of Flanders not above one Mile from Graveling which was taken by the French in 1657. and has remained ever since in their Hands Bourdeaux Burdegala the Capital of the Province of Guienne and an Archbishops See the Seat of one of the Parliaments of France rich well built and populous It has a noble Haven at the Mouth of the River Garonne much frequented by the Dutch and English and all other Northern Nations for Wine Salt c. So that this City is deservedly accounted one of the best in France It is also built in a very fruitful Soil and rarely improved by Art and Industry It gave Birth to Ausonius the Poet and to Richard II. King of England It has also a very strong Castle call'd le Chateau Trompette And was an University in the times of the Romans which Honor has been reconferred upon it by Charles VII Eugenius IV. and Lewis XI since which times it has produced many very learned Men First built by the Galls improved by the Romans made the Capital of a Kingdom by the Goths It fell into the hands of lesser Lords with the Title of Counts or Earls after the times of Charles the Great United with the Dukedom of Guienne in the times of Charles the Bald. Alenora the Daughter and Heir of Lewis VII of that House being married first to the King of France and after to Henry I. of England this Dukedom was annexed to the Crown of England and continued so till wrested from them by Charles VII of France in the Reign of Henry VI. The French had indeed usurped it before upon King John but the English were not without hope of recovering it till this last mentioned time It has given some disturbances to the Reigns of Lewis IX and XIV but is now finally brought under having in 1650. been reduced by force of Arms and a Siege There has been many National Councils held here and some Provincial Synods it stands about 12 Leagues from the shoars of the Ocean upon the South side of the Garonne in the most Southern Part of France in Long 20. 10. and Lat. 44. 50. The antient Inhabitants by Pliny and Strabo have the Title given them of Bituriges Vivisci to distinguish them from those of Bourges called Bituriges Cubi Borganeuf a Town in the Province of la Marche in France upon the little River Taurion three Leagues from S. Leonard and 5 from Limoges Some are pleased to include it in Poictou Bourgen Bresse Forum Sebusianorum Tamnum Burgus a City in the County of Bresse in France upon the River Resousse 5 Leagues distant from Mascon to the East and 9 from Lyons to the North It has been under the Crown of France ever since 1601 when this whole County which before pertained to the Dukedom of Snvoy was taken in It had a strong Citadel erected in 1569 which was demolished in 1611. The City is seated in Marshes and called by some by mistake Tanus adorned with a Bishops See by Pope Leo X in 1521. but this See was suppressed again by Pope Paul III. Bourg sur Mer a Town in Guienne built upon the mouth of the Dordogne Duranium where it unites with the Garone which heretofore was well fortified it stands 5 Leagues from Bourdeaux to the North. Le Bourg de Viviers or the Bourg de S. Andeol Burgus S. Andeoli is the most populous Town in the County of Viviers seated in a Plain upon the River Rhosne 25 Leagues lower than Lions antiently called de Gentibus Here S. Andeolus a Sub-deacon suffered Martyrdom under Severus the Emperor and from him the Town has its name as appears by the Registers of this Church Bourges Bituricae Biturix Biturgium Avaricum is a very great City and an Archbishops See the Head of the Dukedom of Berry seated as it were in the centre of France upon the River Eure which falls into the Seine above Roan and naturally a strong Place It has a noble Cathedral and an University famous for the Canon and Civil Laws The Archbishops enjoyed the Title of Primates of Aquitain from the IX Century to the time of Pope Clement V. who having been Archbishop of Bourdeaux transferred the Primacy from Bourges thither Several Councils and Synods have been held here particularly in 1438. one under Charles VII recognized the famous Council of Basil and the Pragmatique Sanction which continued thence in force till suppressed by the Concordate betwixt Pope Leo X. and Francis I. in the year 1516. It is 7 Leagues from la Charite to the West 22 from Orleans to the North. Lewis XI King of France was born here Bourgogne or Burgundy Burgundia a very large Province in France divided into 2 parts the one of which is called the Dukedom and the other the County of Burgundy The Dukedom of Burgundy hath on the East the Franche County and Savoy on the West Bourbonnois on the North Champagne and on the South la Bresse Lionois and some part of Baujolois A Country not fruitful in any thing but Wines and fine Rivers This Dukedom was seized by Lewis II. upon pretence of want of Heirs Males upon the Slaughter of Charles the Hardy by the Switzers in 1467 and ever since it has been in the possession of the Crown of France The County of Burgundy hath on the East the Mountain Jour which parts it from Switzerland on the West the Dutch of Burgundy from which it is divided by the Sâ—aâ—ne on the North and a Branch of the Mountain Vauge which divideth it from la Bresse it is reckoned to be 90 Miles in length and about 60 in breadth for the most part Mountainous but fruitful of
of it is to be seen the Bridge of Loyang over the River Loyang 360 Perches long about one and an half broad so curiously contrived with great Pillars instead of Arches and so finely imbellished with Sculptures as no where to find a Parallel in the World Cividad del Roy Philippo a Colony of Spaniards planted in Magellanica at the Mouth of the Streights of Magellan but dissipated by Famine again it being far remote from their Countries and seldom visited Civita Nova a small Town in the Marcha Anconitana in Italy 5 or 6 Miles from Loretto and near the Adriatick upon a Hill dignified with the Title of a Dukedom Civita Busella Bucellum a Town in the hither Abruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples upon the River Sangro Civita Vecchia a famous Port in S. Peter's Patrimony in Italy believed by some to be the Centum Cellae of the Antients Civitella a Town in the farther Abruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples upon a Rock with the River Librata at the Foot of it Besieged by the French in 1557. under the Duke of Guise in vain Clagenfurt Clagenfurtum Claudia the Capital Town of the Dutchy of Carinthia in Germany â— Leagues from the River Drave and the same Distance from S. Veir There is a great Lake near it It is a fortified Town See Klagenfurt Clain Clanis Clitis a River of the Province of Poictou in France which having received the Vonne the ClouÌ„ere c. passes by Poictiers and loses its Name at length in the Vienne below Chasteleraud Clairvaux Clarevallum a famous Abbey of Champaigne upon the River Aube in the Diocese of Langres 5 or 6 Leagues from the said City Founded in the Year 1115. by the Great S. Bernard Himself being the first Abbot Who left above â—00 Religious in it at his Death Hence the Title of Abbas Clarevallensis given that very Divine Person Clare Clarence Clarentia a Country-Village in the County of Suffolk upon the River Stour which divideth Essex from Suffolk about 6 Miles West of Sudbury It had once a Castle but now ruined yet famous for the great Men who have born the Titles of Earls or Duke of it The last of which was George Duke of Clarence Brother to Edward IV. King of England who in 1421. was drowned in a Butt of Malmesey The second King at Arms retains the Surname of Clarencieux as appertaining formerly to the Dukes of Clarence At present the Title of Earl of Clare is in the Family of Hollis § There is also a Town and County in the Province of Connaught in Ireland of this Name the former standing near the Fall of the River Fergus into the Shannon Clarendon or Clarindon is a Noble Country House and Park belonging heretofore to the Kings of England about 2 Miles North of Salisbury in Wiltshire Famous of old for a Parliament here held in 1164. where were made the Constitutions of Clarindon Charles II. of blessed Memory added a new and lasting Honor to this Place when April 20. 1661. three Days before his Coronation he created the Loyal Edward Hide late Lord Chancellor Earl of Clarâ—ndon Viscount Cornbury c. who dying at Roüen in Normandy in 1674. was succeeded by Henry his eldest Son a Person of great Virtue and Goodness Clarentia or Clarenza a Country in the Morea described to contain the antient Achaia properly so called Sicyonia and Corinth Heretofore renowned under particular Dukes of its own The capital City bears the same Name of Clarenza Claros a mountainous Island of the Aegean Sea consecrated in antient times to Apollo Called at present Calamo § The Name of Claros is likewise born by a Town now unknown but mentioned we find amongst the Antients as belonging to the Colophonii in Ionia Apollo having had an Oracle in it and his Attribute thence deriv'd of Clarius Deus Claven Cleven Clavenna a small City in the Valtoline with an Earldom call'd by the Germans the Graffschaft von Cleven This City stands 5 Leagues from the Lake that bears its Name to the North upon the River Maiera called by the French Chiavenne Clausenbourg Claudipolis called by the Inhabitants Coloswar is the principal Town in Transylvania great populous and ennobled with an antient Castle All the Publick Affairs of that Principality are transacted and Justice administred here It stands upon the River Samosch nine German Miles from A'ba Jùlia North and fifteen from Waradin East The Duke of Lorrain put into it an Imperial Garrison Oct. 19. 1687. upon Articles agreed in a peaceable manner by the Magistrates and Governor for the late Prince Abafti Clay a Market-Town in the County of Norfolk and the Hundred of Holt. Clazomenae the Birth-place of the Philosopher Anaxagoras an antient City of Ionia in Asia Minor built in the Year of Rome 98. upon the Aegeun Sea betwixt Smyrna and Chio. Clebuâ—g Mortimer a Market-Town in Shropshire in the Hundred of Stottesden Clerac or Clairac a Town in the County of Agennois in Guyenne in France 4 Leagues from Agen and the same Distance from Nerac It stands upon the River Lot which a little below falls into the Garonne And has a famous Abbey in it Clermont en Argene a Town in the Dukedom of Bar upon the River Ayr four Leagues from Verdun West and seven from Barleduc North-East This belongeth to the Duke of Lorrain but in 1654. was taken from him and annexed to the Crown of France It is honoured with the Title of an Earldom Clermont en Auvergne Arvernae Claromons Claromontium the principal City of the Province of Auvergne and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Bourges It stands upon a declining ground in a Territory called Limaigne which is very fruitful upon the River Tiretaine twenty Leagues South of Moulins and twenty five East of Limoges Here was a General Council celebrated in 1095. under Pope Vrban II. in which the Croisade for the recovery of the Holy Land was concluded and Godfrey of Bouillon declared General of the same Also Philip I. King of France was excommunicated until his repentance for Adultery This is thought to have arisen out of the Ruines of Gergovia an old Roman Town It is honoured with the Title of an Earldom belonging to the Crown ever since the Union of Auvergne with the Crown Clermont on Beauvais a Town in the Isle of France five Leagues South of Beauvais in the North-East Border of that County The Earldom of this place is famous for giving a beginning to the Royal House of Bourbon in the Person of Robert of France Earl of Clormont en Beavais the Son of St. Lewis Clermont de Lodeve a Town in Languedoc upon the River Lorgue four and twenty Leagues from Avignon West So distinguished because standing in the Diocese of Lodeve It gives Name to an Honourable Family and is beautified with a Collegiate Church a Cattle and some Monasteries § There are other Clermonts in this Kingdom One in Danphine in the Territory of Viennois giving the Title of an Earldom
of the Eastern part or Shoar of Kent upon high Cliffs twelve Miles from Canterbury to the South-East and fifty five from London and seven Leagues distant by Sea from Calais in France That part of the Town next the Sea had anciently a Wall some of which is still standing On the top of a rugged high Cliff or Rock is a stately and very strong Castle which may be supposed to have been built by the Romans however this place was certainly a Station of theirs and has ever since been reputed one of the Keys of England at all times carefully guarded besides it is one of the Cinque-Ports and in times past was to set out to the Wars one and twenty Ships Therefore Philip King of France said that Lewis his Son when called in hither against King John by the Barons had not one foot of Land in England if he were not Master of Dover-Castle It had formerly seven Parish Churches now two and it is now as heretofore most frequented upon the account of its being the shortest passage into France The Honorable Henry Lord Jarmin was created Baron of Dover in the first year of King James II. But before in Anno 1627. Henry Carey Viscount Rochford and Baron Hunsden enjoyed the Title from King Charles I. of Earl of Dover Dour or Adour Aturus a River of Aquitaine the Southern part of France or rather three Rivers called by the same Name the principal of these riseth in Bigorre out of the Pyrenean Hills near Baretge and running North watereth Tarbe then turning Westward it passeth on the North of Aire St. Sever and Dax or Acqs so falleth into the Bay of Biscay at Bayonne having entertained Gaue de Oleron Gaue de Pau and several other Rivers The Outlet was anciently at le Bocau six Leagues beneath Bayonne but by the Industry of Lewis de Foix an excellent Ingineer and Architect of France in 1579. its course was altered as Thuanus saith The same Gentleman was the Contriver of the Palace in Spain and the Light-House at the Mouth of the Garronne called Tour de Cordovan Dourdan a small Town in the District of Hurepois in the Isle of France upon the River Orge towards the Frontiers of la Beauce thirteen Leagues from Paris and two or three from Estampes The Huguenots took and almost ruined it in the years 1562 1567. It had been often mortgaged sold and remitted from one to another before Lewis XIII redeemed and reunited it to the Crown in 1610. Dourlens Doulendium a Town in Picardy in France very strongly fortified on the Borders of Artois upon the River Asselane which falls into the British Sea between Crotoy and Estaple six Leagues from Amiens to the North and seven from Arras to the South This Town did heretofore belong to the Earls of Pontieu and became united to the Crown of France in 1559. Doustre Dostra a River of France in the Vicomte de Turene in Limosin Le Doux See Dou. Douzi Duziacum Duodeciacum a Castle in the Diocese of Rheims in France upon the River Cher betwixt Ivoy and Sedan Remarkable for two Councils celebrated at it in the years 871. 874. The first of which deposed and imprisoned Hinâ—mar Bishop of Laon for adhering to the Papal Interest contrary to the Usage and Liberties of the Gallican Church who some time after had his Eys put out Dowglass a Castle in Cuysdale in the middle of the Southern part of Scotland which takes its Name from the River Dowglass as doth also the Dale or Valley in which it stands This Castle is seated about six Scotch Miles West of Lanrick where Dowglass River unites with the Cluyd fifteen from Glasguo to the South and thirty five from Edinburgh to the South-West It is only memorable for its Earls sometimes so very powerful they were a terror to the Kings of Scotland themselves there being at one time six Earls of this Family that is Dowglas Angus Ormond Wigton Murray and Morton as Mr. Cambden reckons them § There is a Castle of this Name in the Isle of Man Down Dunum a City and Bishoprick in the Province of Vlster in Ireland the Bishop of which is under the Archbishop of Armagh The Bishoprick of Connor has been united to it ever since 1442. The City stands upon the Irish Sea upon a Peninsula made by the Sea and the Lake of Cone which affords it an excellent Haven twenty Miles from Dormore to the East thirty two from Carrick fergus to the South The County of Down is bounded on the East by the Irish Sea on the North by the County of Antrim and the Lake of Neaugh on the West by Armagh and on the South by the County of Louth from which it is severed by the River Newry This County saith Mr. Cambden is generally very fruitful where it is not overspread with Woods and has several safe Harbors upon the Seas Down is one of the most ancient Towns in Ireland made more famous by keeping the Bones of S. Patrick S. Bridget and S. Columbus than by the mention which Ptolomy has made of it by the Name of Dunum though not in its right place Downham a Market Town in the County of Norfolk in the Hundred of Clackcloss upon the River Ouse over which it hath a Bridge Downton or Duncton a Market Town in Wiltshire the Capital of its Hundred situated upon the Salisbury Avon It returns two Burgesses to the Parliament Drac Dracus a River in the Dauphinate in France which riseth about four Leagues North of Embrun and running Northward falls into the Isere at Grenoble bringing with it another small River which comes from La Grace and falls into the Drac at Viville four Miles South of Grenoble Draco or Drago Acragas or Agragas a River of Sicily called Biagio di Gergenti di Naro also and falls into the African Sea three Miles beneath Gergentum to the East thirty five West of Terra Nova Dragone Draco a small River in Campagnia in Italy which riseth in Mount Vesuvius and washing the City of Nocera falleth into Sarno a River which divideth the Principatus Citerior from the Terra di Lavoro and endeth in the Bay of Naples eleven Miles South of Naples Dragonara once a Bishops See now a small Village 7 Miles from S. Severina in Naples to the West Dracone See Orontes Dragonera Colubraria or Moncolibre a small desert Rock or Island between Majorca and Valentia which has its Names from the Snakes and Serpents that only inhabit it Draguignan Draguinianum Dracenae one of the best situated Towns in Provence in France in the Diocese of Frejus adorned with a Collegiate Church and divers Religious Houses Its Arms are observable being a Dragon with this Motto Alios nutrio meos devoro Drangiana regio an ancient Province of the Kingdom of Persia in the most Eastern part thereof now called Sigistan or Sitsistan It s principal Cities were Ariaspe and Propthasia Dravaniza See the Vistula The Drave or Dravus called
Ipres being the other three This Government or College was erected in 1223. to curb the Insolence and diminish the Power of the City of Bruges being over-troublesome to the Earls of Flanders France Francia Gallia is at this day one of the moâ—â— potent Kingdoms in Europe and the difficultest to limit and bound it daily like the Ocean gaining something from its Neighbours whose divided strengths are not equal to her united Forces but yet I shall give you a general description of its bounds as it stood about forty years since and then in part shew what has been since added On the East it was then bounded by the Alpes which divide the Dauphiné from Piedmont as also with Savoy Switzerland Germany and a part of the Netherlands on the North with the Netherlands and the British Seas on the West with the Aquitain Ocean on the South with Spain from which it is divided by the Pyrenean Hills and with the Mediterranean Then accounted in length six hundred and sixty Italian Miles in breadth five hundred and seventy the whole circumference being two thousand and forty In the times of Julius Caesar it was bounded on the East by the Alpes and the Rhine extending to the Mouth of that River from the Pyrenean Hills so that it took in the far greatest part of what we now call the Netherlands with all those of the German Empire which lie West of the Rhine Switzerland and Savoy And the great design of the present French King seems to have been the dilating of it again to the same extent to which purpose he has spared neither Blood nor Treasure Arts nor Labour and perhaps if he had not been over-reached by the Jesuits upon the design of uniting all his Subjects in one Religion by force he might have succeeded when he was so near his point for whereas Picardy was heretofore his Northern Province he has taken in Artois the greatest part of Flanders of Hanault and Namur Of the four Ports that did belong to Flanders he has two Graveling and Dunkirk so that his Dominions extend on the Sea Shoar from Dunkirk to S. Jean de Luz in Spain without any interruption On the Eastern side he has possessed himself of the Dukedom of Lorrain the Earldom of Burgundy so much of Alsatia as lies on this side of the Rhine and what his intentions towards the Switzers are may be guessed at nor has Savoy passed especially since the late rupture without contributing his share to aggrandize him On the South he has gained from Spain Roussillon Catalonia hardly missed him all the World may remember how narrowly the United Provinces escaped him in 1673. and 1674. He has not only been a gainer in his Wars but even in times of Peace by his Courts of Dependences Forts and other Methods So that considering the Weakness and Divisions of his Neighbours and the great Accessions he has already made if so many thousands of his Subjects had not been driven out or rendred useless to him who can tell what this great Prince might not have effected before his death This vast Country or Kingdom has for its principal Rivers the Loyre the Rhosne the Garonne and the Seine Called by the Inhabitants and English France by the Spaniards Francia by the Italians Franza Franzam by the Portuguese Franckriâ—ch by the Germans by the Dutch Urancryck by the Poles Francya and Francukazemia by the Illyrians Fracgnack by the Turks Franza and by the Indians Frankistan All which Names are derived from its present Conquerors and Inhabitants the Franks or French It is divided into sixty Counties and these Provinces the Isle of France Burgundy Normandy Aquitain Bretagne Champagne Languedock Picardy Dauphine Lyonnois and Orleans To which may be added four more that are a kind of Conquest Loraine the Earldom of Burgundy or Franche Compte the Conquest of the Netherlands and Alsatia This King having added by his Arms the Comte de Bourgogne both the Alsatia's the greatest part of Flanders and Haynault and Namur part of Luxemburg and all Artois which last is now annexed to Picardy The Capital of this Kingdom is Paris Besides these he has New France in America the greatest part of Hispaniola several Plantations and Colonies in Africa upon the Coast of Guinea and some Islands in the North Sea Thus Baudrand reckons up his Masters Dominions This Tract of Land was heretofore inhabited by the Gaulâ— of which I shall give an account in its proper place See Gallia The Franks were Originally a German Nation inhabiting Franconia which is still called East France to distinguish it from this Country This Nation joining with many other upon the declining of the Roman Empire under Pharamond about 413. obtained that part of Belgium which contained Zutphen Vtrecht Over-Yssel both the Friselands and so much of Holland as lies on the same side of the Rhine but whether ever Pharamond crossed the Rhine is uncertain However in 420. he became their first King and formed this Potent Monarchy Clodius his Son in 433. crossed the Rhine and took Cambray Tournay and all Belgium to the River Some but he dying whilst his Children were young commended them to Meroveus who dispossessed them to make himself King of the Franks in 441. or thereabouts Meroveus was the Author of the Merovingian Line and is by some made the first that seated in Gaul His Son went further and took all the Netherlands Pioardy Champagne and the Isle of France with Paris which he made the Seat of this Empire This Race under nineteen Princes continued to 742. when Pepin Son of Charles Martel usurped upon Chilprick V. Son of Theodorick and deposed him The second or Carolovinian Line under thirteen Princes lasted till 977. when Hugh Capet put an end to it and set up the Third Charles IV. the fourteenth of this Race dying in 1328. without Issue Edward III. of England claimed that Crown at Son and Heir of Isabel the Daughter of King Philip the Fair and Sister to the three last Kings Against him Philip de Valois set up a Title by colour of the Salick Law which had excluded all Females The whole Reign of this Prince and John his Son was double-died in Blood by the English Valour Charles V. by means of the English Divisions at last expell'd them Yet under Charles VI. the English returned with more Vigour and Rage and were under Henry V. in a fair way of reducing France And he dying young Henry VI. his Son was crowned at Paris in 1422. But the Minority at first and Weakness afterwards of this Prince gave Charles VII of France an opportunity totally to expel the English the second time about 1449. The House of Valois ended in Henry III. slain before Paris in 1589. to whom succeeded Henry IV. the first of the House of Bourbone and Grandfather of Lewis XIV now King of France who succeeded Lewis XIII his Father in 1642. This is the shortest account I can give of the Bounds and
mostly discovered from this Cape and the Island of Tenedos in the Aegoan Sea stands at the distance of a League from it Ianowitz a small Town in Bohemia where the Swedes in 1645 gained a great Victory over the Imperialists six German Miles from Prague to the North-West towards the Confines of Moravia Iaocheu a great City in the Province of Kiangsi in China with a Territory of the same Name whereof it is the Capital extending its jurisdiction over six other great Towns and particularly remark'd for good Porcelain Ware Iantra See Ischar Iapan Japonia a vast Country in the Eastern Ocean called by the Inhabitants Niphon by the Chinians Gepuen that is the East and from thence by the Europeans Japan On the West it is bounded by the Sea of China which divides it from China and the Island or Promontory of Corea It is supposed to be an Island one hundred and fifty German Miles in length seventy in breadth The Inhabitants are all under one Prince Heathens and sworn Enemies of Christianity which begun to take rooting amongst them by the Preaching of the Portuguese but was extirpated by Fire Sword and the bloodiest Persecution that ever was practised amongst Men. The Dutch who Trade here are secured with the utmost Caution that they may not surprize any part of the Shoar or build any Fort or do any other Act whereby they may settle themselves nor will they permit them to see more of the Country than one small Peninsula or of the Inhabitants than those they Trade with and for a long time they would not permit them to Land Buy or Sell till they had renounced their Christianity This Island lies sixty Leagues from Cantan a Province of China to the East and about three hundred from New Spain in America mountainous and generally barren but it maintains a vast number of Cattle yet the Inhabitants do not know how to make either Butter or Cheese This Island totally unknown to the Ancients was first discovered by Antonio Mota a Portuguese in 1542. The Jesuits in 1556 sent S. Francis Xavier to Preach here who is called therefore the Apostle of Japan at first they had great success insomuch that in the Year 1587 they pretended to have gained two hundred thousand Converts But this lasted not long for about the Year 1622 there began so dreadful a Persecution as is no where to be met with and these new Converts having never been well grounded in their new Religion Apostatized so fast that in seven years there were very few Christians to be found and perhaps at this time none This Country lies in 35 degrees of Lat. In Long. betwixt 171. and 188. The air very healthful and generally cold The Earth affords Gold Silver and Pearl watered by divers Rivers and Lakes with good Ports Some describe it to be a Mass of many Islands going altogether under the Name of Japan and that the three most considerable are Niphonia Ximo and Nicoco The Japonese are jealous fierce pompous in their habits and language sincere in Commerce and ingenious imitators of the Characters and Hyeroglyphicks of the Chinese from whom they descend The principal City is Meaco tho the Emperor of late has resided at Jendo Iapara a Kingdom in the North of the Island of Java in the East-Indies with a City of the same Name which has a good Port. Iappenaw Japodes a small District in Carniola under the Emperor Iaracazes Canea two Rocks at the entrance of the Euxme Sea in the Propontis Iaretta Terias Simethus the greatest River in the Island of Sicily it falls into the Sea three Miles from Catania to the South West Iarnac Jarnacum a small Town in Angoulmois upon the River Charente dignified with the Title of an Earldom between Angoulesme to the East and Saintes to the West eight Miles from either memorable for a Battel here fought in the Year 1569 betwixt the Roman Catholicks and Huguenots in which the old Prince of Condy who commanded the latter was slain by one Montesque a Captain under the Duke of Anjou afterwards K Henry III. the head of the Catholicks tho he offered one hundred thousand Crowns for his Ransom and the Hugenots defeated after a bloody Fight of ten hours continuance Iaromitz a small Town in Bohemia upon the Elbe twelve Miles from Prague to the East Iaroslaw a pleasant Town in Red Russia belonging to the Poles upon the River Sane with a Castle forty five Polish Miles from Warsaw to the South thirty five from Cassovia to the North-East and twenty from Lemburg to the North-West near this place the Swedes gave the Poles a fatal overthrow in 1656. In 1625. it suffered much by Fire Iaroslaw a great City in Muscovy which is the Capital of a Dukedom of the same Name and has in it a Timber Castle it is seated upon the Wolga thirty German Miles South of Wolgda thirty seven North of Moscho The Dukedom of Jaroslaw is very great and lies between that of Wologda to the North Rostow to the South and the River Wolga to the East Governed by a Prince of its own till John Basilovits Duke of Russia Conquered it and annexed it to his own Dominions Since that it has been given to the eldest Son of the Duke of Muscovy as his Title and Residence Iarrow a Town in the Bishoprick of Durham in Chester Ward deserving a remark for being the Birth place of the Venerable Bede Iarsey Caesarea an Island on the Coast of Normandy and part of the Dukedom of Normandy but now annexed to the County of Southampton This and Guernsey being all that is left to the Kings of England of their great Dominions in France from the Shoars of which it lies about five Miles to the West and thirty from those of England to the South The Inhabitants speak a Norman kind of French There are in it twelve Parishes and two Gastles Montorgueil and Elizabeth This Island was one of the last that yielded to the prevailing Rebels not without force in October 1651. after the Kings return to France from the Battel of Worcester The same Prince in 1663. sent them a Silver Mace to be born before their Chief Magistrate as a remembrance of this their fidelity to him in his greatest distress Iasque a Principality of the Kingdom of Persia upon the Borders of the Province of Kherman extended along the Sea Coast from thence betwixt the Cape Jasque and Cape Guadel which two are the most Southern points of Persia and possessed by three petty Princes of whom the chief takes the Style of the Prince of Jasque This Prince after the Conquest of Ormus by Cha-Abas I. K. of Persia paid a yearly tribute to that Crown which being remitted in the Reign of Cha-Sephi his Successor Cha-Abas II. endeavoured by War to compel the Prince of Jasque again to pay the same but in his attempts was beaten Jassy or Yassi Jassium a City of Walachia called by the French Jas upon the River Pruth
these Barbarians slew the Bishop of London for not paying them their Tribute the Year after Sweno King of the Danes took the City and expelled King Ethelred out of England but this lasted not long In the Year 1016 Canutus the Dane took London and in 1018 was there Crowned King of England In 1042 there was an end put to this Danish Race and Edward the Confessor was Crowned King of England In 1064 this Prince died and Herald usurping upon Edward Atheling the Right Heir William Duke of Normandy entred England slew him and in 1066 was Crowned in London The Fate of London has been much the same with that of England ever since for this Prince in 1078 having built the Tower of London it became the setled Residence of our Kings from that day forward William II. in 1099 Walled the Tower King John in 1210 Granted this City its first Charter and Instituted its Major and Government In 1211 He built London Bridge In 1217 Lewis of France was besieged in London by Henry III. and forced to leave the Land In 1378 John Philpot a Londoner at his own Cost and upon his own Authority put out a Fleet and cleared the Seas of Pyrats In 1381 the Country Clowns rising against the Nobility and one Jack Straw behaving himself insolently towards the King in Smithfield Sir William Wallworth the Lord Major stabbed him and put an end to that Rebellion for which Service the Red Dagger was added as is said to the Arms of London In 1392 that Prince seized their Liberties for resusing to lend him Money In 1567 the Royal Exchange was built by Sir Thomas Gresham In succeeding times it throve to that degree as to have one hundred and thirty three Parishes accounted within its Walls and Suburbs In 1665 a Plague swept away one hundred thousand of her Inhabitants In 1666 a devouring Fire Levelled thirteen thousand of her Houses The Footsteps of which dismal Calamity by the Industry of the Citizens encouraged by their Gracious King Charles II. are not otherwise to be seen but in a more glorious Restauration A great multitude of Provincial and National Councils have been celebrated at London in all times Long. 23. 25. Lat. 51. 34. § Boston in New England is sometimes also called New London London-Derry is a Colony of the English Planted in the County of Colâ—ain in the North of the Province of Vlster in a fruitful Soil and upon Waters that afford it great plenty of Fish of all sorts This in 1612 was made a London Colony some of the Companies in London bearing the Charge of it and one Colonel Dockwray an old experienced Commander of the English being sent with them to command govern and take care of them Being thus happily begun and a great number following the first in a short time it became the most considerable City in Vlster And being as well carefully Fortified and Garrisoned as Peopled in the time of the Irish Massacre it stood so firm for the English that no Force or Fraud of the Irish could expel them The Irish had reduced them to great extremity in 1649 but one Owen Row Oneale in time frustrated their Attempts and relieved the Town when it was just upon the point of being starved into a Complyance See Derry Longford a Town and County in Ireland in the Province of Leinster The County has Connaught on the West Vlster on the North Letrim and Roscomen on the West and Mayo on the South The Town is small and stands upon the North Side of the River Long where it falls into the Lake of Eske Longland an Island in the Baltick taken from the Danes by the Swedes in 1657. Long Meg and her Daughters a Trophy in the County of Cumberland erected at Salkeld on the River Eden It consists of seventy seven Stones each ten foot above ground but the highest is fifteen foot and this by the Inhabitants has the Name given it of Long Meg. Longouy or Longwy a Town in the Duchy of Lorain in the Dukedom of Bar in the Confines of Luxemburg five Leagues from Montmidy to the East and the same distance from Luxemburg to the South lately fortified by the French Longtown a Market Town in the County of Cumberland in Eskdale Ward Longueil a Town in Normandy near Dieppe giving its name to an honorable Family Longueville a Town in the Paix de Cauxe in Normandy which had the honour to be erected from the Title of an Earldom into a Dukedom in 1505. by Lewis XII K. of France Loon Loen Lon Los a River in the Bishoprick of Liege in the Earldom of Loots called by these various Names by the Germans Dutch and French Lopski Lopia a part of Tartary on the East of Moscovy beyond the River Ob which is subject to the Russ but lies in Asia between Siberia and Baida two other Provinces of that vast Empire Loquabre or Lockabre a County in Scotland called by Latin Writers Abria and Loquabria it lies on the West of Scotland towards the Hebrides written by the Scots Loch Quaber and bounded on the North with the Ocean and the County of Ross on the East with Murray and Athole on the South with Perth Menteith and Loune cut off from it by the broad Tay and on the West with the Ocean There are some Castles but never a Town or City of any Note in it Lorain Lotharingia Austrasia is a Dukedom belonging to Germany of late seized by the French King and therefore by Baudrand made a part of France Bounded on the East with Alsatia cut off by the Mountain Vauge Vogesus and the Dukedom of Bipont or Westreich as the Germans call it on the South with the County of Burgundy or the Franche Compté on the West with the River Maes which parts it from Champagne and on the North with Luxemburg Metz Verdun and the Land of Triers This Country is in length about four days Journey in breadth three much overgrown with Woods very Hilly and Mountainous being a part of the once vast Forest of Ardenne It was given by Lotharius the Emperor to his second Son Lotharius and from him took the Name of Lorain or as others write it Lorraigne This happened about the Year 851. Others say it took this Name from the Father and not from the Son about the Year 843 but all agree that from Lotharius this County was called by the Germans Lotreich by the Dutch Lot-reigne i. e. the Kingdom of Lot and from hence of later times by the Germans Lotthiringen by the Inhabitants Lorrain by the French Lorain The first of these Dukes of Lorain was Charles right Heir of the Caroline Line of France but excluded defeated and taken Prisoner by Hugh Capet His Advancement was from Otho II. Emperor of Germany about the Year 981 being the Son of Lewis IV. of France and of Gerbage an Aunt of the said Otho From this Charles the present young Duke of Lorain is Lineally Descended being the thirty fourth
Mount Feretranus near the River Arimino in the Confines of Romandiola twenty Miles from Vrbino to the South-West and fifteen from Arimini to the South giving name to an honourable Italian Family This Chair was removed to Pinna a Town four Miles from it by Pope Pius V. in 1572. Monferrant Monferrandum a City in Auvergne in a very fruitful Soil from whence it has the name It stands upon an Hill about one Mile from Cleremont two Leagues from the River Allier and twenty five from Lion now in a flourishing state with divers Religious Houses in it The River Bedat glides by it § There is another Monferand in the Territory called le Pais entre les deux mers that is betwixt the confluence of the Garonne and the Dordogne This latter is the first Barony in Guienne Monferrat See Montferrat Monfâ—a an Island on the Eastern Coast of Africa over against against Quiloa In Long. 65. and deg 8. Southern Lat. Monfort l' Amauri Montfortium Amalrici Monfortium Almariae a small Town in the Territory of Montoran in the Government of the Isle of France betwixt Dampiere and Mante upon an Hill with a little River gliding at its foot about ten Leagues from Paris It carries the name of an honourable Family Mongaguabe a River in Brasil in the Prefecture of Paraiba Mongibello Mount Aetna and by allusion any burning Mountain in the Italian use of this Word Mongul a Province in the Asiatick Tartary Monlui a Mountain in Catalonia Monlusson Monlussonium a City of France in the Dukedom of Bourbon in the Confines of Berry upon the River Cher four Leagues from the Borders of Auvergne and thirteen from Moulins to the West It is ordinarily epitheted la fertile for its Vineyards and Pasturage Monnedy Mons medius Mons maledictus a small but very strong City in the Dukedom of Luxemburgh in the Low Countries upon the River Chier seven Leagues from Virdum to the North and about nine from Luxemburgh to the South-West It stands upon a Hill very well Fortified yet by the negligence of the Spaniards for want of Ammunition and sufficient Garrisons frequently taken by the French At last in 1657 being taken by then it was by the Pyrenean Treaty yielded to France Monmirail Monmiralium a Town in the Province of Brie in France upon an Hill where glides the River Morin falling afterwards into the Marne § Also one of the five ancient Baronies of Perche-Gouet Monmorency Monmoreniacum a Town in the Isle of France four Leagues from Paris to the South-West which gives the Title of a Duke to one of the best and most ancient Families of France From this Town the Valley in which it lies one of the most fruitful spots of Ground in the whole World is called the Valley of Montmorency Monmorillon a small Town in the Province of Poictou in France upon the River Gartampe here covered with a Bridge and the frontiers of la Maache Monmouthshire Monumethia hath on the North the County of Hereford on the East Glocester on the South the Severn and on the West Glamorgan and Brecknockshires It is twenty four English Miles from North to South and nineteen from East to West Full of Hills Valleys Woods and Springs every where fruitful abounding in Corn and Cattle and injoys a temperate healthful clear Air. The most ancient Inhabitants were the Silures Conquered by Julius Frontinus in the Reign of Vespasian after a War of about an hundred years continuance with great loss on the Roman Side nor was this County won with less difficulty by the English the Welsh being intirely possessed of it when the Normans conquered England yet being conquered before Wales it was united to the Crown of England in the Reign of Edward I. and accounted an English County tho lying on the North of the Severn Monmouth which gives Name to this County stands between the Wye and the Monow over both which Rivers it has a Bridge in the North-East Border of the County where Monmouth Hereford and Glocestershires meet as it were all in one Center Three parts of it are secured by these Rivers On the fourth it has a small Brook called Monnors which runs through the Town on the North-East Side where the Town is most accessible it has an ancient Castle once a place of great Strength and Beauty in which Henry V. King of England thence called Henry of Monmouth was born But now ruined and used as a Farm-House there are three of the Gates standing with a part of the ancient Wall it is still a Corporation governed by a Mayor This was also the Birth place of Geofry of Monmouth the Historian It now gives the Title of Earl to the R. H. Charles Mordant Created E. of Monmouth by K. W. As before of a Duke in the Person of James the late unfortunate Duke of Monmouth and it returns two Members to the House of Commons Long. 17. 36. Lat. 52. 08. Monnow a River of Monmouthshire between which and the River Wye stands the Town of Monmouth falling into the Severn Mono Emugi a Kingdom in Africa see Monemagi There are abundance of Elephants with Mines of Brass Silver and Gold found in this Kingdom A part of the Mountains of the Moon is enclosed therewith and the Subjects traffick more especially for Silk Cotton and Amber with the Kingdoms of Queilloa Melinde and Monbaze Betwixt the Estates of the Grand Negus and it lye some petty principalities which are ever in Vassalage to the strongest side Monomotapa a City and Kingdom in the Southern Aethiopia in Africa of great extent which contains in it twenty five other Kingdoms and reaches from North to South two hundred and fifty Spanish Leagues Cluverius stretches it from the Aethiopick Ocean to the Red-Sea Some speak particularly of an Amazonian Kingdom amongst the rest where the Women go to War and acquit themselves with admirable bravery The Portuguese call the King of Monomotapa the Emperor of Gold from the abundance of that mettal found in Mines and the Rivers of his Dominions Monomotapa the Principal City which gives Name to this vast and fruitful Empire lies in Long. 48. 00. Southern Lat. 24. 35. Upon the banks of the River Spiritu Santo very large and adorned with a most magnificent Palace Royal. Monopoli Monopolis a City in the Province of Bari in the Kingdom of Naples which sprung out of the Ruins of Egnatia an ancient City not far off a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Bari but exempt from the Jurisdiction of its Metropolitan This City tho small is very splendidly and magnificently built twenty two Miles from Bari to the East and twenty five from Taranto to the North. Monosceli an ancient People of Aethiopia also called Sciopodes and mentioned by Pliny Monreale Montreali Mons Regalis a small City in the Island of Sicily which is yet an Archbishops See It stands upon a Hill about four Miles from Palermo to the South built by William II. King of Sicily By
were levelled by an Earthquake April 1690. At the same time the Sea left its accustomed Bounds a great part of a Mile the Earth vomited hot and fetid Waters its motion Pulses and Openings also all over the Island being such as nothing can be more terrible Neure a River of Kilkenny in Ireland which watereth Ross then falls into the Sewer which separates Leinster from Mounster and falls beneath VVaterford into the Ocean Neusidlersee Peiso a Lake between Austria and the Lower Hungary bteween Raab to the East and Vienna to the West Neustria the Name of a part of the Kingdom of France in use amongst the Writers of the Times of Charlemaigne and his Son to denote the Country from the Saosne and the Meuse to the Loyre and the Ocean It has been since changed into that of Normandy tho the present Dukedom of Normandy makes no more than a part of the ancient Neustria New Albion California an Island on the West of America in North Lat. 38. discovered by Sir Francis Drake in 1578. Newark upon Trent is a fair rich Town in Nottinghamshire seated on the East Bank of the Trent where it divides into two Branches and makes an Island before the Town eleven Miles from Nottingham to the North and in the high Road to York which took its Name from a Castle here built by Alexander Bishop of Lincoln in the Reign of Henry II. which was seized by King Stephen King John died in this Town in 1216. Edward VI. incorporated it and gave it the Privilege of sending two Burgesses to the Parliament It suffered a Siege for its Loyalty in 1643 1644. which was raised by Prince Rupert March 22. It stood firm to the Royal Interest till May 11. 1646. and then was forced to surrender the King being in the Hands of the Scots and all his Forces dissipated This Town gives the Title of Viscount to the Earl of Kingston and is the Capital of its Hundred Newbury Novum burgum a Town on the South of Barkshire upon the River Kennet which at Reading falls into the Thames Called by Antoninus Spinae tho not built now in the same place a fine rich Cloathing Town seated in a Champain Plain Country Made famous by a signal Victory obtained here by Charles I. Septemb. 20. 1643. over the Forces of the Parliament October 27. 1644. there was a second Fight in which tho the King's Forces which were much divided had at first the good Fortune to drive the Enemy out of the Field yet being overpowered by Numbers and fresh Supplies they were at last Routed and the King in great danger of being taken This Battel tho short was the sharpest that was fought in all that War Charles II. added a great Honor to this Place when in 1675. he created Charles Fitz-Roy Duke of Southampton Earl of Chichester and Baron of Newbury New-Castle upon Tine is a strong rich populous Sea-Port Town in Northumberland upon the North Bank of the River Tine but on the Borders of Durham six Miles from the Sea The River is very deep the Haven secure and large the Town stands upon a rising Ground and has a fair Bridge over the River on the South side with an Iron Gate upon it which divides the County of Northumberland from the Bishoprick of Durham near which stands the Castle and over against it the Market-Place and more to the North upon a sleep Hill the Body of the Town fenced with Towers and strong Walls It contains four Parishes amongst which St. Nicholas's Church upon the top of the Hill has the gracefulness of a Cathedral Ships of good burden come up to the very Bridge But the Newcastle-fleet commonly stays at Sheales near the Rivers Mouth This Town for Wealth and Commerce by Sea and Land for all Commodities may well be esteemed the Bristol of the North. Mr. Cambden doth suppose it to have been called Garbosentum by the Romans afterwards Monk-chester and to have taken the name of Newcastle when it was rebuilt by Robert Eldest Son to William the Conqueror and Newcastle upon Tine to distinguish it from Newcastle under Line In the Reign of Edward I. a Rich Man being taken Prisoner in the Town by the Scots after his Ransom began the Fortifications of it and the rest of the Inhabitants finished this Work which made it both safe and rich Richard II. made it a Mayor Town Long. 21. 30. Lat. 57. 34. Thus far Mr. Cambden The Scots in 1640. seized this strong Town and thereby began the Calamities of England which lasted twenty years In 1644. after a long Siege the Scots took it the second time October 19. Lewis Steward Duke of Lenox was created Earl of Newcastle in 1604. by James I. He dying without Issue William Cavendish Viscount Mansfield and Baron Ogle was by Charles I. created Earl of Newcastle in 1627. Marquess of Newcastle in 1643. and Duke of the same in 1664. by Charles II. to whom succeeded Henry his Son in 1676. The Corporation Elects two members of Parliament Newcastle under Line a large Market Town in Staffordshire in the Hundred of Pirehill upon the rivulet Line It is a Borough Town and hath the honour of electing two Members of the English Parliament New England a large Country in North America first discovered by Sebastian Cabot under English Colours in 1497. Entred upon for the English by Mr. Philip Amadas in 1584. It lies in forty and forty one deg of North Lat. seventy Miles upon the Ocean which affords it plenty of Harbours The Air is healthful but the Weather very uncertain This Country was first begun to be Planted in 1606. In 1610. one Robinson an Independent Preacher struck in with the Design and much promoted that Plantation It is well watered with Rivers has great variety of Wild Fowl Wild Beasts Timber in abundance Flax Hemp Corn of all sorts Furrs Amber and Iron wherewith the Inhabitants drive a gainful Trade with the other English Plantations in America This Colony is very strong They have built seven great Towns the chief of which is Boston which in 1670. had fifty Sail of Ships belonging to it They would never submit to any Governour sent from England but lived like a Free State till a Quo Warranto being sent against them in 1683. by K. Charles II. they submitted to Henry Cranfield Esq and in 1686. accepted Sir Edward Andrews as Governour for King James II. The Dukedom of Newenburg Neoburgum called by the French Neubourg is a Tract in Germany in Nortgow upon the Danube part of which lies in the Circle of Bavaria and part in Schwaben Heretofore a part of the Dukedom of Bavaria till Maximilian I. granted it to the Children of Rupert Prince Palatine This Line ended in 1559. in the Person of Henry after whom Succeeded Philip Lewis Duke of Deuxponts or Zweybrucken in which Family it still is It takes its name from Newburg Neoburgum a City in Bavaria upon the Danube four Leagues from Donawert in Schwaben to
in 1674 but by the Treaty of Nimeguen restored to them in 1679. Some derive its beginning from a Fortress built by the Hunns upon the Schelde in 411. Oudon Olda a River in France in the Province of Anjou Another in Aquitain called le Lot more commonly and a third in Beaujolois Over-Yssel Over-Issel Trans-Issalana a Province of great extent in the United Netherlands towards Germany which was a part of the Bishoprick of Vtrecht from the year 1046 and called so because it lay beyond the Issel It is divided into three parts the Drente the Sallant and the Twente Bounded on the East by the Bishoprick of Munster on the North by Friesland and Groningen on the West and South by the Zuyder Sea and Guelderland It was granted from the Bishoprick to Charles V. in 1527. In 1582. it revolted from Spain and united with the Hollanders In 1672. it was over-run by the French who were forced two years after to draw off so it returned to its former liberty The principal Places are Deventer Campen Zwol and Coevorden Ovessant Vxantis Insula an Island on the West of Britany in France Oviedo Ovedum Ovetum a City in the Kingdom of Leon in Spain the Capital of a Territory called les Asturies d'Oviedo and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Compostella between the Nora and the Nalona Once the Capital of a Kingdom begun in the Person of Pelagius in 717. and continued in his Successors till the year 913 when Ordenno II. took the style of King of Leon. This City stands five Spanish Leagues from the Shoars of the Ocean to the South eighteen from Asturia and sixteen from Leon betwixt the Mountains There was a small University opened here in 1580 which never much improved In 901. a Council was assembled at this City under Pope John VIII which advanced the See to the Dignity of an Archbishoprick But it has lost again that Dignity since Oulney a Market Town in Buckinghamshire in the Hundred of Newport upon the River Ouse Oundle a Market Town in Northamptonshire in the Hundred of Polbrooke pleasantly seated on the Banks of the Nen over which it has two Bridges It is beautified with a fair Church a Free-School and an Almshouse L'Ourt or Ourte Vrta a River of the Low Countries springing near the Frontiers of the Dukedom of Luxembourg and passing by Offalize Rochefort Durbui it receives the Albe with the change of its name into Vrt Ourt and falls into the Maese at Liege Ourtes or Orthez Ortesium a Town in the Canton of Bearn in Switzerland upon the Gave de Pau betwixt Pau and Bayonne Remarkable for an antient Castle and a Protestant School Ousche or L'Ouche Oscaris a River of the Dukedom of Bourgogne in France passing by Fleuri and Dijon and after the Reception of some Rivulets joyning with the Saosne near S. Jean de Lone Ouse Isis a River in Glocestersh which ariseth in the South Border of that Shire near Toorleton at Crekelade it takes in the Churne at Lechlade the Colne and beneath it the Leche This is properly the Head of the Thames tho it has not that Name till its conjunction with the Thame in Oxfordshire Ouse Garryenus a River called Vre and Youre which parteth the West from the North-Riding of Yorkshire watereth the City of York and then falls into the Wherfe at Cawood Castle Ouse the Great ariseth in the County of Hertford in a place called Dane End above Lutton and running North-West entereth Bedfordshire and watereth the principal Town of it from thence it passeth to Huntington by Ely above which joyning with the River Granta from Cambridge and beneath Little Port taking in the Little Ouse which ariseth at Loppham Ford in the County of Suffolk and dividing Suffolk from Norfolk passeth by Thetford into the Great Ouse by Downham and Kings Linn falls into the German Ocean This is one of the greatest Rivers of England Ourque a Town in Portugal made famous by a Victory obtained by Alfonso against five Kings of the Moors in 1256. Ouste or L'Aust Ousta Austa a River in Bretagne It takes its source in the Forest of Laudeac near Avangour then passing by Rohan Jocelin Malestroit Pont-Corbin augmented with the Ars and the Claye it unites with the Vilaine near Redon Owar Ovaria a Town in the Vpper Hungary upon the River Vag at the foot of the Mountains which part that Country from Poland It stands below Transchin Oxfordshire Oxoniensis Comitatus is bounded on the North by Warwick and Northampton on the East by Buckingham on the South by Barkshire and on the West by Gloucestershire The Air of it is mild sweet and pleasant the Earth fruitful both in Corn and Grass by reason of the great abundance of Rivers and fresh Springs It is of a triangular Form forty Miles from North-West to South-East in length scarce twenty in breadth and in circumference an hundred and thirty containing two hundred and eighty Parishes and fifteen Market Towns Watered by the Thame and Isis the Cherwell the Windrush and the Evenlode The Dobani were the old Inhabitants of it during the times of the Romans It takes its Name from the principal City See the Natural History of this County fully and curiously written by the Learned Doctor Robert Plott Oxford Oxonium Oxfordia Calleva Rhydicina from the Welsh name Rhidychen is seated in the Southern Border of the County of Oxford towards Berkshire having the Cherwel on the East and the Isis or Ouse on the South It is a very fair and substantial City seated in an excellent Air and enjoying so delightful a Prospect that the Country adjacent has thence long ago contracted the Title of Bellositum amongst the Ingenious One of the noblest and ancientest Universities also in the World Begun or rather after the Desolations it had suffered in common with the rest of England under the Saxons and Danes restored by King Alfred a Saxon anno Christi 806 the great Civilizer of the English Nation who sending his Son Ethelward hither encouraged the Young Nobles to come to it from all Parts In the time of William the Conqueror it was a considerable City having then seven hundred seventy and four Houses five hundred of which paid yearly Customs to the King In this Prince's time Robert d' Oily a Norman built the Castle on the West side of the Town In 1074 King Stephen closely besieged Maude the Empress Daughter of Henry I. and Mother of Henry II. in this Castle Stephen Langton Archbishop of Canterbury celebrated a Council here in 1222. There have in process of time by several Princes and Noble Benefactors been founded and liberally endowed here eighteen Colleges and seven Halls of which Vniversity Baliol and Merton Colleges were the first endowed in all Europe of latter times by Sheldon Archbishop of Canterbury a noble Theatre and at the Charge of the University a stately Musaeum was finished in the year 1683. Then the Bodlean Library contending with the Vatican
It became a Bishops See in Christian times but now ruined under the Tarks and called Bassa Papous or la Tierra dos Papoas as the Portugueze call it and Terre des Papous as the French is a Country in the Terra Australis to the East of the Islands Ceram and Gilola in the East-Indies near the Equinoctial Line by some made to be a part of New Guinee by others separated from it by a small Streight The Princes of the neighbouring Islands have the Natives in Esteem for Courage and Fidelity Pappenheim a Town in the Circle of Schwaben in Germany upon the River Altmul adorned with the Title of a Barony formerly now an Earldom It gave its Name and Title to the famous General Pappenheim in the late German Wars Para a City in the North part of Brasil upon the River of Amazons under the Dominion of the Portuguese forty Miles above the fall of that River Long. 328. Lat. 01. 30. There belongs to this City a Province of the same Name called Capitania de Para. Paragoja an Island of the East-Indies called likewise Puloan and Calamianes between Borneo to the South-West and Manilla to the North East an hundred Miles in length twenty in breadth and two hundred in circuit It is one of the Philippine Islands which was never conquered by the Europeans Not very fertile or well peopled Paraguay Paraguaia a vast Country in the South America the greatest part of which is subject to the Spaniards Bounded on the East by Brasil on the South by Magellanica on the West by Peru and the Kingdom of Chili It is divided into seven Counties which are sruitful in all things with Mines and Sugars Not many Spanish Colonies are settled in it yet it has one Bishop at l' Assumption and another at Buenos Ayres This Province takes its Name from the River Paraguay which signifies the River of Feathers It ariseth from the Lake of Xaraies and going South receives the River of Plata and many others and at last by a vast Mouth falls into the Sea of Magellan This is one of the greatest Rivers of America Paraiba a strong City in Brasil which has a large Haven and gives name to a Province called the Government or Capitania de Paraiba Not above eight Miles from the North Sea upon a River of the same name It was long since inhabited by five hundred Portuguese besides Slaves and Negroes and being unwalled its best security was the Fort of S. Francis built by the French and taken by the Portuguese in 1585. In 1634. both the City and Fort were forced to submit to the Dutch Valour who new named them Frederickstadt But the Portuguese have at last recovered the Possession of it These latter have sometimes called the City Nostra Sennora das Nieves Parana a River and Province of Paraguay The Spaniards have about four Colonies in this Province Paranaiba Paranayba a River and a Province on the Consines of Brasil The River falls in that of the Amazons on the South Side of which the Province lies Paray-le-Moineau Pareium Moniacum a Town in the Dukedom of Burgogne in France in the Territory of Charolois upon the River Brebinche two Leagues from the Loyre Pardiac Pardiniacum a County in Aquitain in France Parenzo Parentum Parentium a small City in Histria under the Venetians which is a Bishops See under the Patriarch of Aquileja It stands seven Miles from Citta Nuoua to the South twenty eight from Gapo di Istria and eighty from Venice to the East upon a Peninsula well sortified having a convenient Haven But not much inhabited by reason of the unhealthfulness of the Air. Paria a Province in the Terra Firma in South America near the Shoars of the North Sea and under the Dominion of the Spaniards between the River Orinoque to the East and the Venetola to the West This is a principal Member of New Andalusia from hence often called Paria There are some few Colonies of Spaniards in it and a Gulph of its Name Parimao a Lake in South America which which bounds the Country of Guiana on the South under the Line Some call it Roponouvini It has not hitherto been fully discovered by the Europeans Parinacocha a Province of Peru towards the Andes under the Spaniards Pario Parium a City of the Lesser Asia upon the Propontis twenty Miles from Lampsaco to the East and thirty from Cyzicus now Spinga It has a large Haven and is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Spinga Paris Leutetia Luotetia Lucetia Leucotetia Parisii and Lutetia Parisiorum the Capital City of the Kingdom of France boasted by Baudrand to be the greatest City of Europe with a Nemine reclamante no body denying it to be so This was a celebrated City in the Times of the Roman Empire Julian the Apostate whilst he was Caesar only resided here in the Reign of Constantius and adorned it with Baths and a Palace But its greatest Rise was from the Franks Clodoveus settling the Royal Throne in this City about the year 458. Julius Caesar is the first that mentions it it was then very small being wholly contained in an Island in the Seyne not exceeding forty Acres which had then a Wooden Bridge over the River In this Isle the Cathedral Church now is and the Palace of the first French Kings From the times of Clodoveus the first Christian King as long as that Race lasted it grew mightily and became very considerable But under the Caroline Line it was very little improved those Princes not fixing here or in any other place In the year 585 it happened to be almost all burnt In 845 856 886 and 890 the Normans by Sieges and Incursions did extremely endamage it In 896 it was very hardly preserved out of the Hands of the Normans as to the Island what stood out of the Island was redeemed from Ruin by Money The Posterity of Hugh Capet on the other side fixed here and bestowed great Sums of Money in enlarging and adorning this City Charles the Great about the year 796 at the Request of Alcuinus a Saxon opened an University here to whose further Grandeur King Lewis the Seventh and Philip the August contributed very much The College of Sorbonne holds the first place therein In the year 1034 it suffered another Fire and in 1206 a terrible Inundation of the River Seine In 1420 Henry V. of England possessed himself of this City by marrying Catharine the Daughter of Charles VI. of France In the year 1422 Henry VI. Son of this Victorious but short lived Prince was crowned King of France in Paris And again in 1431. After this it remained in the Hands of the English till the year 1435. The Divisions of England under Henry VI. made way for the lâ—ss of France The year 1572 brought great and unparallel'd Infamy and Calamity upon this potent City 10000 Gentlemen being assassinated within her Walls who came thither upon the Publick Faith to the Celebration of a Marriage
of Oesel in the Baltick Sea Sonnemberg a Town in the Marquisate of Brandenburgh in Germany near Poland to the East Sor or Soro a River in the Kingdom of Portugal which divides Alentejo from Extremadura and falls into the Taio at Salvaterra nine Miles above Lisbone Sora a City of Latium upon the River Garigliano now a Bishops See in the Kingdom of Naples in the Terra di Lavoro which is under no Archbishop It has a splendid Castle honoured with the Title of a Dukedom belonging to the Family di Boncompagno and slands fifty five Miles from Rome to the East and ten from the Lake di Celano Fucinus to the South § This is also the name of a City in the Island of Scelandt in the Baltick Sea belonging to Denmark which has an University in it founded by Frederick II. and re-established by Christian IV. Kings of Denmark Soracte a Mountain in the Dukedom of Tuscany in Italy consecrated to Apollo in the Heathen Ages there It is now called Monte di S. Silvestre Soratoff Soratovia a City in the Kingdom of Astracan upon the Wolga in the middle between Casan to the North and Astracan to the South Lat. 52. 12. in a great Plain The Inhabitants are all Muscovites See Olearius Pag. 162. Soraw Sorava a small City in Lusatia the Capital of the Lower part of that Province and under the Elector of Saxony It stands in the Borders of Silesia two German Miles from Sagan to the West and five from Crossen to the South often taken and retaken in the Swedish War Sorge Sorgue Orge Sorge Sulga Sulgas a River of Gallia Narbonensis which ariseth in the County of Vendosmois in Provence and falls into the Rhosne above Avignon but very near it at a Town called Pont-Sorge Soria Syria Soria Numantia Nova Soria a City of New Castile not above one League beneath the Ruins of the ancient and celebrated Numantia seated in the Mountains well peopled and having belonging to it a very large Jurisdiction It stands twelve Leagues from Baubula to the South-West and eight from Tarazona to the North-West Soritae an ancient people mentioned by Pliny as neighbouring upon India and living altogether upon Fish Sorlings See Silly-Islands Sorrento Sorriento Surrentum Surentum a City in the Kingdom of Naples which is an Achbishops See in the Terra di Lavoro on the Bay of the Hither Principato twenty four Miles from Naples to the South It is seated in a fruitful Plain and though very ancient being mentioned by Pliny and Livy yet in a good Estate Long. 38. 20. Lat. 40 33. Sosteropolis Soteropolis a ruined small City which stood near Nicomedia in Bithynia in Asia Minor where according to Zoneras died Constantine the Great of Poyson Soubiac or Sublac a small Town in Campagna di Roma in the Dominions of the Pope It stands upon the River Teverone and is noted for an Abbey of the Order of S. Benedict who did himself choose a Retreat here Souilly or Seulley a Town in the Dukedom de Bar in Lorain Soul Sous a Kingdom in the East part of Biledulgerid in Africa under the King of Marocco Soule a Territory in the Pais des Basques in France Honoured with the Title of a Viscounty The chief Town in it is Mauleon de Soule Soumel a Town in the Kingdom of Bengale in the Empire of the Great Mogul towards the Ganges The Sound See Sund. Sour See Tyre Soure Sura a River in the Dukedom of Luxemburg called by the Germans Saur by the French Soure It ariseth near Bastoigne eight Leagues from Luxemburg and being increased with some smaller Rivers watereth Dietkirch beneath which it receivs the Vr from Viande to the North then passeth to Echternach and Wasser-bilch where it falls into the Moselle two Leagues above Trier to the South Souri a Province of Turcomania in the Lesser Asia Sourie the same with Zurich Souriquois a Tribe of the unconquered Salvages of New France in North America Souristan the same with Syria Sousos a people of Nigritia in Africa Souster Susa the Capital of Chusistan in the Kingdom of Persia one hundred and eighty Miles from Bagdad to the East now in a flourishing State Southampton Clausentum Antonia Magnus Portus Trisantonum Portus a small City in the County of Hamshire seated on the West side of the River Anton or Hampton which comes from Winchester and here falls into the great Bay of South-hampton ten Miles from Winchester to the South This was a Roman Fort called Clausentum and ruined by the Danes in 980. Also plundered and burnt by the French under Edward III. and rebuilt in the Reign of Richard It is a strong rich populous well traded City fenced with a double Ditch strong Walls and many Turrets for the Defence of the Haven it has a strong Castle built by Richard II. The Haven is capable of Ships of good Burthen up to the Key and lies opposite to Jernsey Garnsey and Normandy There are now five Parish Churches in this City Henry VI. granted it a Mayor and made it a County in 1067. Beauvois of Southampton that celebrated Warriour was its first Secular Earl in 1538. The Bishops of Winchester being before reputed to be Earls of Southampton and so styled in the Statutes of the Garter made by Henry VIII Willam Fitz William Lord Admiral in 1547. Thomas Wriothsley Lord Chancellour was created the third Earl by Edward VI. to whom succeeded three of his Posterity The last died in 1667. In 1675. Charles II. created Charles Fits Roy eldest Son to the Duchess of Cleaveland Baron of Newbery Earl of Chicester and Duke of Southampton Southwark a large Borough in the County of Surrey and the Hundred of Brixton opposite to London on the other side of the Thames and under the Jurisdiction of the Lord Mayor of London yet enjoying several ancient Privileges peculiarly to it self and represented in the Lower House of Parliament by its own Burgesses In the number of Inhabitants and Buildings it exceeds most Cities notwithstanding its Losses by many great Fires S. Thomas's Hospital founded by the Citizens of London stands here Southwell a Market Town in Nottinghamshire in the Hundred of Thurgarton of good Antiquity upon a Rivulet falling not far off into the Tren◠Adorned with a Collegiate Church Southwould Sowold or Swold a small Corporation and Sea-Port Town in the County of Suffolk famous for the many Rendezvouzes of the English Fleets when ever we have had any Wars with the Hollanders especially for two great Naval Victories obtained against them in the Bay of this Town the first June 3 1663. the second May 28. 1672. Both under the Conduct of King James II. as Lord Admiral of England under his Brother Charles II. of Blessed and Pious Memory It is a strong and pleasant Town in the Hundred of Blithing upon a Cliff with the Sea to the East the River Blithe over which there is a Draw-Bridge to the West and a Bay of its own name to the
Founder of the University of Paris borrowed those Lights which have since glittered there About 867 the Danes had so weakened this City the second time that Osbright and Ella Kings of Northumberland brake easily through its VValls and fought the Danes in the City where both these valiant Princes were slain and the Danes remained Masters of it It was recovered again out of the Hands of the Danes by King Athelstane in 928 and was a City of sixteen hundred and twenty eight Mansions in the Reigns of Edward the the Confessor and William the Conqueror In 1069 the fourth year of the Conqueror's Reign Sweno the Dane and Edgar Atheling the lawful Prince of England with the Scots attacking this place the Normans siring the Suburbs the City took fire too and the Enemy entring at the same time Fire and Sword almost destroyed it Those few Citizens which escaped were made a Sacrifice to the Jealousie of William the Conqueror In the Reign of King Stephen Egberts Library the Cathedral and a great part of the City was burnt by a casual Fire Nor was the Cathedral rebuilt before the Reign of Edward I. At which time the Citizens also rebuilt the Walls of the City Richard II. made it a County incorporate by it self Annexing a small Territory to it on the West side in which the Archbishops of York enjoy the Rights of Palatines Richard III. began the Repair of the Castle which ended with his short Reign Henry VIII erected here a Court of Chancery for the North not much unlike the Parliaments of France which lasted till the War in 1640 put a period to it Charles I. retired hither in 1641 when the Tumults of London forced him from thence This City stood firmly to him and had certainly restored him to his rightful Dominion and Authority had not the Scots broke their Faith and entred England the second time in 1644 who joyning with Manchester and Fairfax besieged this City with three Armies Prince Rupert came up and relieved it July 31. But the Kings Forces being defeated at Marstonmoor soon after July 16. this Loyal City was delivered up to the Parliament upon Honorable Terms and ill kept by the prosperous Rebels Long. 22 25. Lat. 54. 10. Cambden Yorkshire Eboracensis Comitatus the far greatest County of England Divided for Civil Affairs into three Ridings or smaller Counties Bounded on the North by the Bishoprick of Durham cut off by the River Tees on the West by Lancashire and Westmoreland on the South by Cheshire Darbyshire Nottingham and Lincolnshire cut off by the Humber On the whole Eastern side it is beaten by the German Sea In length from North to South near seventy Miles in breadth eighty in compass three hundred and eight inclosing five hundred and sixty three Parishes and forty nine Market Towns with many Chappels of Ease as large and populous as Parishes The East-riding is comprehended betwixt the River Derwent and the Sea being the least The North-riding extends as far as Westmorland and the West-riding which is the largest is bounded by the two other Ridings to the North the Counties of Derby and Nottingham with Cheshire to the South Lincolnshire to the East and Lancashire to the West The Air is generally temperate the Earth fruitful Affords besides Corn and Grass excellent Mines of Coal and Lead and Quarries of Stone Beside the Tees and Humber its mentioned boundaries and the Dun which separates a part of it from Lincolnshire Herâ— is the Swale You re Nyd Warfe Are Calder Derwent all falling into the Ouse at or below York and the Hull falling into the Humber at Hull The ancient Inhabitants of it were the Brigantes who were conquered by the Romans with great difficulty about the year 57. in the Reign of Nero. About the year 547. Ina Conquered this County and began the Kingdom of Northumberland of which this was a part After the Conquest the first and only Earl of York which we find upon Record is Otho of Bavaria in 1190. In 1385. Edmund of Langley fifth Son of Edward III. Earl of Cambridge was Created Duke of York In 1401. Edward his Son In 1415. Richard his Grandchild succeeded in this Duchy In 1474. Richard of Shrewsbury second Son of Edward IV. had this Title In 1495. Henry second Son of Henry VII who was after King of England had it In 1604. Charles second Son of King James I. In 1643. James second Son of Charles I. was Created Duke of York So that the three last Dukes of York have been afterwards Kings of England Youre a River in Yorkshire falling into the Ouse at York Rippon and Boroughbridge stand upon it Yperen or Ypres Hyprae a City in the Earldom of Flanders which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mechlin by the Institution of P. Paul IV. It is very strong and has a new Cittadel Taken by the French March 26. in 1678 and still in their Hands This City stands in a fruitful Plain upon a River of the same Name six Leagues from Newport to the South five from Courtray towards Calais and thirteen from Gand or Gaunt Yssel Isala Aliso Isla Fossa Drusiana a River in the Low Countries believed to be a Branch of the Rhine but indeed a Cut made by Drusius a Roman Prince and General under Augustus the Emperor It parts from the North Branch of the Rhine above Arnham and bearing North watereth Doesburg Zutphen Deventer Zwol Campen and parting the Velewe from Over-Yssel falls into the Zuyder Zee It took this Name from a smaller River called Alt-Yssel the Old Yssel which arising near Heyden in Cleve watereth Schermbeeck Ringeberg Weert Ysselburg Aenholt taking in the Aa Burg Dotekom and at Doesburg falls into this Cut or Branch of the Rhine Yvica See Ivica Yvoix a small but strong Town in the Dukedom of Luxemburgh upon the River Chiers four Leagues from Montmedi to the West twelve from Luxemburgh and two from Sedan to the East Taken and dismantled by the French in 1552. Refortified by the Spaniards and retaken by the French recovered by the Spaniards in 1637. And I believe returned under the French again Yupi a Kingdom in the Asiatick Tartary East of the Kingdom of Niuche Z A. ZAara or Saara a vast Desert in Africa extending from East to West between Biledulgerida to the North Nigritia to the South Nubia to the East and the Atlantick Ocean to the West The Seat of the ancient Getuli and Garamantes Modern Geographers have discovered some Towns Lakes and Riverâ— there which give names to the respective desarts about them Berdoa and Zuenziga are of this number But generally Sands Scorpions and Monsters Lions Tigers and Ostriches take up the Habitations of these Desarts Mar de Zabacche the same with Limen or the Palus Moeotis Zaberen Elsas Zabera Tabernae a City of the Lower Alsatia upon the River Sorr four German Miles from Strasburg to the West Called by the French Saverne The usual Residence of the Bishop of
A GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY Representing the Present and Antient NAMES and STATES OF ALL THE Countries Kingdoms Provinces Remarkable Cities Vniversities Ports Towns Mountains Seas Streights Fountains and Rivers of the whole WORLD THEIR Distances Longitudes and Latitudes WITH A short HISTORICAL ACCOUNT of the same and a general INDEX of the Antient and Latin Names Very necessary for the right understanding of all Antient and Modern Histories and especially of the divers Accounts of the present Transactions of EUROPE Begun by EDMUND BOHUN Esquire Continued Corrected and Enlarged with great Additions throughout and particularly with whatever in the Geographical Part of the Voluminous Morery and Le Clerk occurs observable By Mr. BERNARD Together with all the Market-Towns Corporations and Rivers in England wanting in both the former Editions LONDON Printed for Charles Brome at the Gun at the West End of S. Pauls MDCXCIII A REFLECTION upon Le Grand Dictionaire Historique c. OR THE Great Historical Dictionary OF LEWIS MORERY D. D. Printed at UTRECHT 1692. with the Supplement of J. Le Clerc D. D. in Four TOMES in Folio French AND An Account of this Edition of the following BOOK THE Great Historical Dictionary of Monsievr Morery was an unexpected Work to come from a Person who understood not any Greek or Hebrew and had but an indifferent knowledge of Latin For it will be allowed amidst such a multiplicity of Subjects to contain many very ingenious things Yet I desire not to commend him for the Invention he ascribes to the Chinese of the Province of Xamsi who boyl their Victuals he says over Pits of Subterraneous Fires proceeding from the Bowels of the Earth Which to make the Fire burn the quicker and stronger they contract at the Mouths in such a manner as only to leave room for the Caldron to stand For though the Chinese are famous over the World for their Inventions yet the Wit of this hath so little in it of the Wisdom of their Other or Common Sense that it supersedes the Civility of the least pretence to approve of it Neither yet is it possible for me to be reconciled to his Account of a Tribe of the Troglaedytes dwelling continually in the Caverns of a Mountain in the Island of Malta near to a House of Pleasure belonging to the Great Master of the Order of the Knights there A tall robust long-liv'd inhospitable people as he describes them Who speak altogether the pure Arabick Language in which they are instructed as to matters of Religion by the Maronites that come to Malta For there appears no more Probability of an Arabian Race of Christian Troglaedytes at Malta than of a Nation of Pygmies in the Neighbourhood of the Nile Therefore in a word Monsieur Morery as he hath his Excellencies so he hath his great Faults too And it seems to be none of the least remarkable of the Latter That let a thing be never so Fabulous in Pliny and Herodotus or the Histories of the old Greeks never so extravagantly reported by the Modern Books of Voyages and Discoveries or the Common Memoires of the Times yet he mixes it with his purer Geography Which hath given me continual reason to admire the Patience and Labour of his Pen but I disagree with his Fancy if he thought such Collections pleasing to Men of Sense and with his Judgment if he thought them true In his Geography of the Kingdom and Counties of England there is no body but must be offended with him upon other Accounts The principal of our Rivers next the Thames the Severn the Trent the Humber the Medway the Derwent c. None of them have their Names with Descriptions in his Work Peterborough Wells Cambridge Shrewsbury Richmond and Rippon are wholly omitted out of our Chief Towns and Cities Cambridgeshire Hertfordshire Cheshire Shropshire and Wiltshire out of our Counties And all the Description that he gives to Eleven of our Counties more with the Capital Towns thereunto belonging will be justly rehearsed in about Eleven Lines To South-hampton he says a Town and County in the South of England with a Port to the Sea To Stafford a Town and County of England towards the middle of the Kingdom To Surrey a County in the South part of England To Sussex a County in the South of England whereof Chichester is the Capital To Warwick a Town and County of England To Westmorland a County in the North of England which was a part of the Country of the ancient Brigantes To Huntingdon and Leicestershires he adds the Names of the Rivers Ouse and Stower with two or three Towns To Middlesex a small County in the East of England included in the ancient Kingdom of the East Saxons and only considerable for London its Capital To Rutland a County in the middle of England but little considerable having no more than one Town called Oakcham in it To Suffolk a Town and County in the East of England This is Monsieur Morery's way of describing a next Neighbor Kingdom and one of the most Powerful in the World Which is the least that a Geographer says of the most distant and obscure Provinces of China and Japan or the unknown Regions of the Asiatick Tartary And though he may be something larger upon London Rochester Bristol and now and then a County yet he does it with so little Care and Art so ungeographically in comparison to his Illustration of other Countries that take his Accounts of England all together with which those of Scotland Ireland and Wales are done after the like manner and they will be found the crudest and meanest and the most Contemptible part of his Volumes I need take no Notice of his Mistakes about Rutland and Suffolk which occur even in those diminitive Sketches that he gives them and are already sensible to every running Eye He is no less mistaken about the Bishoprick of Coventry and Lichfield A Bishoprick says he about the year 656. was established at Lichfield And there being another Bishoprick afterwards establish'd at Coventry these two Bishopricks in time became united in one Whereas it never from the beginning was otherwise than one and the same Bishoprick primarily established at Lichfield in 656 Next removed to Chester in 1067 or as others in 1075. From Chester removed to Coventry in 1088 and from Coventry returned to Lichfield again in 1186. Whereupon followed an Agreement under Bishop Alexander de Savensby who succeeded to the See in 1220 that the Episcopal Style should be derived from both Coventry and Lichfield yet with the Precedence to Coventry Mons Morery is no less mistaken in the ancient Seat of the Bishops of Lincoln which was Dorchester in Oxfordshire situated at the Confluence of the Thame and the Isis For he hath the fortune not only to attribute it to Dorchester in Dorsetshire upon the River Frome but to quote William of Malmsbury for the same to aggravate the matter in mistaking both his Author and the place together It is
and Brutality here that the Evils of England have been occasioned by nothing more than a false fear taken at their Names His other Character of the People of England is that they are Enemies to Strangers For which I never could learn a better Argument than that of Mons Sorbieres see Dr. Sprats Observations upon the Voyages of Mons Sorbiere because he was rudely called Monsieur and not respected in the quality of Historiographer Royal to the K. of France by the Children and Schoolboys of Dover For long before the reception of the French Protestants the numbers of Strangers at Norwich Canterbury and London were computed to be more than constantly resided at any twenty Cities either of France or Spain or Italy Virtue Merit and Civility in Persons of a Foreign Country like the Commodities imported thence charm the hearts of the English and have a greater value set upon them than the equal products of our own So far are we from being inclined to be Enemies to Strangers that we are ambitious to be Friends to Strangers even till we are Enemies to our selves It is for their benefit that in the Court of Admiralty we constantly retain the use of the Civil Law and have enlarged it with the addition of those admirable Laws of Oleron published by our King Richard I. which have equalized the Fame and Justice as to Marine causes of the ancient Laws of the Rhodians And how very careful both our Common and Statute Laws are in doing the exactest justice in all Pleas betwixt Strangers and Denizens or the King and Strangers I need only appeal to the Inquest of Medietas Linguae given by the Statutes of the 27. and 28. of Edw. III. Another Part of his Disgraces of the People of England is their Pride and Negligence want of Industry and of a Genius to Works and Manufactures occasioned by their relyance upon the fertility of their Country I must observe he joyns their Pride and want of Industry very ill together For if ever they pretend to be proud of any thing it is of the Effects of their Industry and the Works of their Hands Their Plantations in the West-Indies and Commerce thither Their African Levant East-Indian Russia Groenland Hudsons Bay Spanish French Hamborough and Merchant Adventurers Companies for other Foreign Commerce At Home their Inclosures and Tillage the New Rivers of the Fenns the Coal Mines of the North the Lead Mines of Derby and the Tin Mines of Cornwall the Orchards of Hereford and the Plough-lands of other Counties Their Manufactures in Clothes Stuffs Linnen Iron Copper c. The Quantities of their Commodities transported yearly beyond Sea Their Discoveries in the Mechanick Arts and their Perfection in the Learned Their Books in all the Faculties and Sciences upon all sorts of Subjects Their Restauration of London in three years which was supposed to be the Work of an Age Their Ships of Trade and War their Riches their Knowledge their Power by Land and Sea All these as they are the undeniable Demonstrations of a most Ingenious and Industrious People from the meanest to the highest quality so they are justly verified of the English in the view of the World Who notwithstanding insult over no Foreign State neither detract from the Praises of any greater Trade But if they value and caress themselves upon the happy Effects of their Industry it is a Virtuous Pride that is so well grounded When Monsieur Sorbiere travelled into England he could not but take notice of the Convenient form of the Bridge at Rochester for being so contrived that the Mens Hats cannot be blown over it We have altogether as worthy an Observation here of Mons Morery that the Men of Letters in England often compose their Works with a Pipe of Tobacco in their hands Whereby I truly with regard both to the English and French Men of Letters am as fully satisfied that the Fancies of particular Persons and sometimes of Nations are unaccountable as when I remember that the sage and noble Egyptians of old and from them the Israelites set such a high value upon Garlick and Onions as to honour them with a place in the number of their Titular Deities For if any English Man of Letters is so addicted to the Weed to write and smoak together yet the Fancy of Monsieur Morery seems no less unaccountable first to employ his Observation upon such trivial and insignificant particulars and next to print them in a Voluminous Work amidst the general Character of one of the most illustrious Kingdoms in the World If all the rest of his Geography had been conformable to this of England there had been no occasion to use him in an unpleasing Labour that hath happened to be obtained from me Particularly as to his own Country he spares no Pains nor Eloquence to adorn it And to be sure he suppresses the ancient Glory of the Atchievments of the Victorious English in France as much as possibly he can Indeed the Interests of the French Crown and the Use that Mons Pompone made sometime Secretary of State to Lewis XIV of the Obligations he laid upon the Author are visible not in that only but in the great care that is taken in rehearsing the Titles Pretences and Dependences of the Crown of France as if they did desire to entitle it to all the Ancient Gallia according as it was bounded in the times of Julius Caesar I have followed him throughout his four Tomes from Place to Place leaving his Adulterinae Meroes the Infinite Trash that is in him as undisturbed as Ashes of the Dead to take what is purely Geographical and Chronological proper and easie and short according to the Quality and Genius of the following Dictionary Which is therefore in this Edition not only enlarged with the Antient Geography and all such other Descriptions of Places as occur in the French Work above what it was possible to contain in the Editions of this Dictionary in lesser Volumes and also with some Improvements made in the Geography of England in the like manner But I have further taken care to supply the Defects of the Descriptions themselves in those Editions with whatever accrued that was really necessary to suggest a more perfect knowledge of each Respective Place The Duodecimo ascribed to Monsieur Du Vall Geographer to the French King and printed the fourth time in English 1681. with the Title of a Geographical Dictionary was rather a Geographical Nomenclature than a Dictionary It was Begun to be made properly into a Dictionary by Mr. Edmund Bohun at the Perswasion and Charge of the Proprietor of the Copy And undoubtedly whatever the Faults of Mr. Bohun's Octavo are yet it will always remain an useful Book and a light Companion as he proposeth for Travellers when such is the Necessity and Pleasure of a piece of this Nature in the hands of all that the very Nomenclature of Du Vall is entertaining still But the advancing of this Work
South-East Aquileja is call'd by the French Aquilee by the Germans Aglar and Aglareu a Patriarchal City of Italy in antient times very great and one of the principal Cities of Italy the Residence of some Emperours In 452. Attila King of the Huns took and destroyed it after a Siege of 3 Years after this being rebuilt by Narsetes it was again Burnt and Ruin'd by the Lombards in 590. and was after this rebuilt by Poponâ— Patriarch of it In antient times it was under the temporal Jurisdiction of these Patriarchs but being afterwards taken by the Dukes of Austria it remains to this day in their hands It is now almost desolate by reason of its bad Air troublesom Rubbish and Ruins and the Vicinity of Venice which draws all Trade from it This City lies between the River Isonzo to the East and Ansa to the West and is not above 9 Miles distant from the Shoars of the Adriatick Sea on the North. It lies in 36. 10. Long. and 45. 45. Lat. Aquino Aquinum a very antient City in the Terra di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Capona and heretofore a Roman Colony Almost Ruin'd and little consiberable now but for its being the Birth-place of S. Thomas Aquinas as formerly of the Poet Juvenal Aquisgrana Aquisgranum See Aix la Chapelle Aqutaine Aquatania a third Part of the antient Gaul supposed to be so call'd from the abundance of its Waters The Emperour Augustus divided it into Prima and Secunda including within both Bordeaux Agne Angoulesme Xaintes Poitiers Perigueux Bourges Clermont Rodes Albi Cahors Limoges Mende and Puy Whereunto the Emperour Adrian added a third Province by the Name of Novempopulonia See Gascoigne This Country continued in Obedience to the Roman Empire till Honorius about the Year 412. yielded part thereof to Athaulfe King of the Goths whose Successours took occasion thereupon to Usurp the whole About the Year 630. it came into the Possession of the Crown of France entirely The Gascoigners soon revoulted giving to Eudos their Leader the Title of Duke of Aquitain which brought on a War that was not ended till the powerful Reign of Charles the Great In 778. Charles the Great erected Aquitaine into a Kingdom in the Person of Lewis the Debonnaire his Son It continued a Kingdom about 100 Years and then broke into particular Fiefs and Hereditaments In 1152. it came to the Crown of England as Dukes of Aquitaine in the right of Eleanor Wife to Henry II. For its fortunes since see Gascoigne Arabia is a very large Country in Asia having on the North Syria and Diarbechia upon the East the Persian Gulph and the Streights of Basor by which it is separated from Persia on the South it has the Arabian Sea and on the West the Red Sea which cuts it off in great part from Africa The Southern and Eastern parts which are the greatest are well cultivated but the Northern is for the most part barren and sandy having but few Inhabitants or Cities by reason of the vast Desarts barren Mountains and want of Water It is all under Princes of its own except a small part of Arabia Petraea in which the Turks have some few Forts This vast Country is divided into three Parts viz. The Desart The Happy and The Stony Arabia Deserta the Desart is the least part of all the three and lies most North call'd by the Asiaticks Berii Arabistan bounded on the South by the Mountains of Arabia the Happy on the East by the Province of Iraca heretofore Chaldea upon the North by Diarvechia from which it is separated by the River Euphrates upon the West by Syria the Holy Land and Arabia the Stony Arabia Foelix the Happy is the greatest of all the three parts and lies extended to the South and East it is call'd by the Inhabitants Jemen and is encompass'd on all sides by the Sea except towards the North where it bounds upon the other two Arabia's There are in this part many Kingdoms and great Cities the Soil being fruitful and the Country not easie to be invaded by the neighbour Nations by reason of its Situation Arabia Petraea the Stony lies more West and is call'd by the Turks Dase-lik Arabistan or as others say Baraab Arabistan by the Natives it is bounded on the North by the Holy Land and part of Syria on the East by Arabia Deserta in part and by Arabia Foelix in part as also on the South and on the West it has the Red Sea and Egypt Two things have made these Countries known to all the World The wandering of the Children of Israel 40 Years in the first and the Birth of that great Deceiver Mahomet in the latter of these three Parts Aracuâ—es a People of Chili which are the most Warlike of all the Americans Arach Parthia a Province of the Kingdom of Persia Arach Petra the chief City of Arabia Petraea once the capital City of Moab and then call'd Rabath afterwards an Archbishops See under the Patriarch of Jerusalem being taken from the Patriarch of Alexandria it was also once call'd Cyriacopolis and Mons Regalis by some now Krach it stands upon the Confines of Palestine near the Brook Zareth and lies in 66. 45. Long. and 30. 20. Lat. Arad Caucasus is a Mountain of Asia which the Fable of Prometheus has made very well known It is that part of Mount Taurus which lies betwixt the Euxine or Black Sea on the West and the Caspian Sea on the East including the Mengrelians Coraxicos Caitachians Heniochos and the Achaeans Achaeos It is continued also amongst the Asiatick Tartars as far as to the Cimmerian Bosphorus now commonly call'd Cocas This Mountain is very high and always covered with Snow It is call'd by Hayton the Armenian Cochias by others Albsor by Niger Adazer by Circassians Salatto and by the French le mont de Circassie Aradus an Island and City of Phaenicia in the Syrian Ocean over against Tortosa sometime the Seat of a Bishop till it fell under the Tyranny of the Turks Arafat a Mountain within a League or two of Mecca in Arabia On the top of it there is a Mosque whither the Mahometan Pilgrims repair tofinish their Devotions after their performance of the Ceremonies of Mecca It is the same they say that Abraham would have Sacrificed his Son Isaac upon in Commemoration whereof before they part they kill some Sheep in the Valley of Mina below and what they present not amongst their Friends they distribute to the Poor by the name of Corban that is their Oblation Aragon See Arragon Arais Araxes See Achlar Arakil-Uanc a Celebrated Village and Monastery at the foot of Ararat in Armenia in great esteem amongst the People there who believe it to be the place where Noah after the Deluge retired to offer his Sacrifices of Thanksgiving to God for his miraculous Preservation Aran Arania is a very fruitful Vale in Aquitain â—n France which lies between
Aquisgrane this and the Territory belonging to it was yielded to them but by the Treaty of Nimeguen in 1679. it returned under the Spanish Dominion In this place in 1357. there was a League concluded between Venceslaus Duke of Brabant and Lewis Earl of Flanders Athens Athenae one of the most antient and most noble Cities of Greece the Capital of Attica Built by Cecrops an Aegyptian A. M. 2350. according to Helvicus in 2390. the last of which Accounts precedes the going up of the Children of Israel out of Egypt 64 years It was governed by Kings to the Death of Codrus A. M. 2882. under Archons for Life till 3190. after which it had Archons for ten years till the year of the World 3268. when it became a perfect Republick and had never more any rest or peace till it fell into the hands of the Kings of Macedonia first and afterwards of the Romans About 3430. Xerxes invading Greece the Athenians burnt their own City and sent their Wives and Children into the Islands of the Mediterranean prevailing afterwards against that great Prince they built the City much more gloriously than before The Reputation they gain'd in this War made them great at home amongst their Neighbors till growing proud and injurious their Neighbors became their Enemies so that they fell into the Hands of the Lacedemonians who ruin'd their Walls A. M. 3546. They recovered their Liberty but not their Reputation and in 3613. they fell into the hands of Philip the Father of Alexander the Great who by being made the General of a Holy War became the the Sovereign of all Greece The Romans conquering Perseus the last King of Macedonia A. M. 3782. they became in some sort the Subjects of that Empire yet under the Romans they had a shadow of Liberty till the Mithridatick War when being over-persuaded by Aristion an Epicurean Philosopher they incensed the Roman Powers against them and Sylla in the year of the World 3863. 86 years before the Birth of our Saviour by a Siege reduced them to the necessity of eating Man's Flesh and took the City by storm in the Night This was the Evening of all their Dominion Glory and Liberty But in this Interval between their becoming a free and a subject People they raised themselves to a greater degree of Glory by Learning than ever they could have required by Arms without it Solon who lived a little before the Babylonian Captivity and became the Athenian Legislator about the 3359th year of the World laid the Foundations of this which Socrates Plato Aristotle Xenophon Thucydides Demosthenes Isocrates and the rest that followed raised to such an height that Athens was truly more the Mistress of the World on the account of Arts than ever Rome was on the score of her Arms and tho both their times are past yet Athens being Dead speaketh still in her Philosophers Orators and Historians To pursue her Fate she rose out of her Ashes after the Syllian Ruin by the favour of the Romans and flourished till Alaricus the Goth laid her in the Dust under the Reign of Valens about the year of Christ 378. She recovered again under Theodosius Arcadius and Justinian Eudocia the Queen of Theodosius II. being an Athenian by Birth as Irene the Lady of Leo IV. also was About 1435. Antonius Comnenus Acciajolus was Duke of Athens about 20 years after she fell the second time into the hands of the Turks being taken by Mahomet II. since which last Captivity not only her Flesh but her Skin is wasted and she is become a Skeliton An. 1687. the Venetians having taken Napoli di Romania in the Morea arrived at Port Lione that is the Harbor of this Town formerly called Pyraeus September 21. with the Fleet commanded by General Morosini the Greeks immediately sent their Deputies with the Tenders of their Submission to him The Turkish Garrison being about 600 Men retired to the Castle to make some resistance but were forced to surrender in two or three days after the Besiegers began to play their Batteries tho the Castle was strong seated upon the old Acropolis with Precipices on three sides of it a Wall on the other and 20 Pieces of Canon within About 300 Souls embraced the Christian Religion with the Christian Government The famous Temple of Minerva being made a Magazine for Amunition was set on fire by a Bomb that fell among the Stores in the Attack Some Remains of Lycurgus's Tower of Phidias and Praxiteles's curious Works are yet to be seen And the Athenians excelling all others throughout those Countries in Merchandise and Crafts may be thought to retain some Seeds of their former Politeness still To this City St. Paul Preached the Gospel of Christ and the Resurrection as we read Act. 17. Publius and Quatratus were Bishops of it under the Emperor Adrian the former suffered Martyrdom in the Year 123 and animated great numbers of Athenians by his death to embrace the like with courage and joy The latter together with Aristides presented that Emperour at his coming hither in the Year 126 with an excellent Apology for Christianity Since advanced to an Archbishoprick They reckon about 10000 Inhabitants most Christians in it who have â—oo Churches and divers other Chappels according to the Rites and Customs of the Graecians Now call'd Setino lying in Long. 50. 12. Lat. 38. 51. Athenree or Atherit a City and Barony in the County of Galloway in the Province of Connaught in Ireland More rich and more considerable formerly than now Atherston a Market-Town in Warwick-shire near the River Anker in the Hundred of Hemlingford Athlone Athlona Atlonâ—a is a small Town in the County of Rosecomen in the Province of Connaught in Ireland in the Confines of Leinster seated upon the River Shannon where it comes out of the Lake of Lough Ree 16 Irish Miles from Longford South This Place was the Refuge of the Rebels in the Irish Rebellion who fled thither from Kilkenny in 1650. being pressed upon by other Rebels where they had not much rest the Town being taken by Hewson in 1651. The Strength of it lies in the Castle whither when Douglas with 10 Regiments of Foot and 4 of Horse of the Forces of King William arrived in order to a Siege about the middle of July 1690. the Irish retired burning the Town and breaking the Bridge And at the last he was forced to leave it in their possession But it could not withstand the Army of General Ginckle the year after Athol Atholia is a small County or Earldom in the heart of Scotland between the Mountain Grampus on the West and the Sherifdom of Pertb on the East in which riseth the River Tau the greatest River in all Scotland This County is remarkable for nothing but its Earls which have been great men both in England and Scotland Athos See Agion Oros. Atlantides an antient name given to the People that dwelt about Mount Atlas in Africa Atlas See Aiducal Atri Atria
County of Carnarvan in Wales upon the River Menay call'd by the Latin Authors Bangorium and Bangoria This Bishoprick is of so antient a foundation that we do not find its Original The Cathedral is dedicated by the name of S. Daniel who was Bishop here about the Year 516. From which time to the 11th Century that Hernaeus filled the See we have no Account of the succession In 1496. Henry Deane Bishop repair'd the Cathedral after it had been defaced by the Rebel Owen Glendower In 1541. Arthur Bulkeley Bishop reduced the Bishoprick to a low Condition by unworthy sales and alienations The Diocese contains the County of Carnarvan with parts of Denbigh Merioneth and Montgomery and the whole Isle of Anglesey Banjaluth Blandona a large and well fortified Town in Bosnia near the Mountains under the Dominion of the Turks upon the River Cetina Banjans a People universally scattered over the Provinces of the Indies but most numerous in the Kingdom of Guzurate and notorious for worshiping the Devil together with a God as the author of all the Evils of this Life under a frightful Figure represented to them to pacifie him and engage him in their Favor In some things they are Mahometan like in others divided amongst themselves into Sects greater or less almost innumerable according as they affect their particular Superstitions The Europeans use them for Managers and Interpreters in their Dealings with the Indians Banara a City of the East-Indies in the Kingdom of Bengala upon the River Ganges under the Dominion of the Great Mogul about 40 Miles from Gouro to the North and 100 from Halavassa towards the South Probably the same with Benares See Benares Banny or Ban Argita one of the largest Rivers of the Kingdom of Ireland It ariseth in the County of Downe in the Province of Vlster and having entertained some other Rivers it falls into the vast Lake of Neaugh afterwards dividing the County of Colrane on the West of it from that of Antrim on the East it falls into the Caledonian Ocean a little below Colrane Castle This River divides the Province of Vlster into two parts but Mr. Camden is rather of Opinion that the Latin Name belongs to the Swilly another great River in the same Province but a little more to the West than this Bantam a very great City and a famous Mart and Sea Port in the Island of Java in the East-Indies and the Capital of a Kingdom of the same Name This City is seated at the foot of an Hill 18 Leagues from the City of Batavia towards the West upon a narrow Passage call'd the Streights of Bantam right over against the Island of Sumatra It has a very good Harbor belonging to it called the Sound and was much frequented by the European Merchants especially the English and Dutch The Kingdom of Jacatra is subject to this Prince and he has often made War with the Dutch with reasonable good Success till about the Year 1684. A Son of the King of Bantam rebelling against his Father called the Dutch to his Assistance by which means the Dutch possessed themselves of Bantam seized the English Factory and their Effects and made themselves sole Masters of that Trade The Controversie between them and the English not being determined to this day The old King in the mean time was kept a Prisoner first at Bantam afterwards in the Castle of Batavia whither he was conducted in November 1687 with a formal Solemnity and there lodged with his Wife and some Slaves to attend him Bantry a Bay in the Province of Munster in Ireland where Admiral Herbert now Earl of Torrington engaged the French Fleet May 1 1689 upon their arrival with Succors for Ireland which however were landed the day after Banya Rivuli Puellarum a Town of Transylvania 6 Leagues from Bestercze to the West not far from the Confines of the Upper Hungary Banza See S. Salvador in Africa Bapalme Balma a strong Town in Artois seated upon a rising Ground in the Borders of Picardy This Town has been in the hands of the French ever since the Year 1641. It was yielded to them by the Pyrenaean Treaty in 1659. It stands at an equal distance from Peron a Town of Picardy towards the South and Arras towards the North. Bar a strong Town in Podolia having a Castle built upon an Hill and surrounded with Marshes which contribute very much to its defence It stands upon the River Kow 18 Polonian Miles from Caminieck to the East and as many from Barklow towards the West This Town is under the Turks Bar or Barrois a Dukedom of France betwixt Champagne and Loraine incorporated after divers Revolutions by the Concession of the Pyrenaean Treaty as the French interpret it in 1659 with the Crown of that Kingdom It s Capital City is Barle Duc. It lies on each side the Meuse which divided it heretofore into the Royal and Ducal Barrois both then belonging to the House of Loraine they doing Homage to the King of France for the same Bar sur Aube a fine Town in Champagne in France but ill pav'd it has its name from the River Albula Aube on which it stands upon the foot of an Hill in a very pleasant Country about 8 Leagues from Arâ—is towards the South and as many from Troys towards the South-West and 7 from Chastillon towards the North-East This place is in much esteem for the delicious Wine the Country yields Bar sur Seyne a small City in the Dukedom of Burgundy in the Confines of Champagne seated in a Mountainous Country about 5 Miles West of Bar sur Aube Bara a Town in the Province of Gorga in the Upper Aethiopia near the Lake of Zaflan Barampour a City of the East-Indies under the Dominion of the Mogul in the Kingdom of Candis It lies 100 Miles from Surat towards the East upon the River Tapi this Place is called by others Barampore and heretofore Baramatis as Herbert saith Baranateta the Name of a City and Kingdom in the Asian Tartary Barathrum a deep Pit in Attica in Greece contrived with Iron Spikes and Tenters for a place of Execution throwing the Malefactors Headlong into it in antient times Barbadoes one of the most considerable Plantations which the English have upon the Caribby Islands it lies in 13. d. 20. m. Northern Lat. and 321. of Long about 8 Leagues in length and 5 in breadth and inhabited by 50000. English besides Negros who are three times their number This Island was first discovered to the English by Sir William Curteen in the Reign of James I. but was then wholly desolate The English soon after Planted it and were driven at first to great Extremities because Ships came very rarely and slowly thither from England till having about the Year 1627. raised some Tobacco Indico Cotton-Wool and Fustick-Wood and after that falling into the Sugar Trade its Reputation and Wealth increased And this Colony which for a long time subsisted by the courtesie or
is situated near the River Alan and was heretofore the Seat of a Bishop Bodrogh a City of the Upper Hungary on the River Danube which was heretofore the Capital of an Earldom This place lies 7 German Miles South of Segedin 16 East of Buda and about 4 Miles North of Esseck it is now in the hands of the Emperor by the Conquest of Buda and Segedin in 1686. Bodrog a River of the Upper Hungary which riseth in the Carpathian Hills and falls into the Tibiscus at Tokay Boeotja an antient Province of Greece now called Stramulipa Plutarch and Pausanias and Epaminondas were Natives thereof the famous Helicon and Aganippe stand in it the Rivers Asopus and Cephisus watered it and in all the former Wars of Greece this Province bore a considerable Share See Stramulipa Bogazin the Streight between Constantinople and Asia antiently called Bosphorus Thracicus Bogdiana the same with Moldavia Bohemia a great Kingdom in Germany belonging to the House of Austria which though it is almost encompassed by the German Territories yet is properly no part of Germany It has a distinct and different Language and been a separate Kingdom ever since the year 1086. Bounded on the North and West by the Dukedom of Saxony on the East by Hungary and on the South by Bavaria and Austria containing almost 40 Towns and Cities in it that they call Royal whereof Prague is the Capital This Kingdom maintained great Wars with the Caroline Race of Kings till about the year 894. Borzivoius Duke of Moravia becoming Prince also of Bohemia procured their imbracing the Christian Faith universally When in the year 1196. Petrus Capuanus one of the Cardinals of Rome would have brought in Celibacy amongst their Clergy he met with great opposition and ran the hazard of being slain by the Bohemian Priests They received the Waldenses who fled hither about the year 1230. John Hus's and Jerom of Prague about the year 1414. had great success in their Preaching and George Podiâ—bach King of Bohemia became his Convert In 1454. there was another Accession of the Waldenses insomuch that in 1467. there was 200 Churches of this Persuasion in Bohemia and Moravia In the year 1536 they imbraced Luther's Reformation 1564 they obtained from Maximilian that Liberty which Ferdinand I. had deny'd them which lasted but one Year In 1575. they obtained their Liberty again which was confirm'd in the Year 1611. by Rodolphus II. Matthias the next Emperor not maintaining these Grants they chose Frederick Elector Palatine King of Bohemia and Crown'd him at Prague in 1619. This caused a War with the House of Austria The Elector being ejected by force of Arms in the Year 1620 for 30 Years following Germany became an Acheldama a Field of Blood and the Reformation was ruined by an Edict made in 1630. And the House of Austria in Germany was in almost equal danger Albertus Duke of Austria obtained this Crown by Election in the Year 1437. And in the Year 1526 Ferdinand Arch-Duke of Austria was freely elected after the former Branch had been discontinu'd since which time there has been no Interruption but that unfortunate one made by Frederick Elector Palatine so that it is become by the Strength of the House of Austria and the Weakness of the Bohemians an Hereditary Kingdom to the House of Austria The King of Bohemia is the first secular Elector of the Emperor of Germany though it be no part of the Empire Boiana a River that divides Dalmatia from Macedonia this River is commonly call'ed il Drino and in its proper place I shall speak more of it Boiano a Colony and City of the Samnites in the County of Molise upon the River Biferno which falls into the Adriatick Sea It stands at the foot of the Apennine in the borders of Campania 18 Miles from Trivento towards the North and 22 from Capua towards the East and though it is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Benevento yet it is little and ill built and ill inhabited Boii an ancient People 1. of Gallia Celtiqua possessing the Provinces now called Auvergne and Bourbonnois in France 2. of Bavaria in Germany otherwise mentioned by the Names of Bojares and Bavari See Bavari 3 Of Gallia Cispadana in Italy where are now the Dutchies of Modena and Parma See Gallia Boisâ—clle or Enrichemont Boscabellum a Town in the Dukedom of Berry in France with a Castle and the Title of a Principality betwixt Bourges and Sancerre Bois-de-Trahison or Bois-de-Gamelon a Forrest upon the Banks of the Seine betwixt Paris and Pontoise in France One Gamelon in the time of Charles the Great using to ambuscade Men here has left his Name to the Place Boisy a Seigniory in the Country of Chablais in Savoy near the Lake of Geneva Bolena Bolina Bolaenae an ancient City of the Morea mention'd by Pausanias and Stephanus near to Patras and the River Glaueus and sometime an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Patras Bolene a Town in the County of Venaisin in Provence in France upon the Ascent of a little Hill with the River Letz gliding at its foot It shews the ruines of a Castle Boleslaw Boleslavia a small City in Bohemia upon the River Gizera which falls into the River Albus This City stands eight Miles from Prague towards the North-East There is another call'd Irung-Bunczel which stands within two Miles of Prague where the Gizera falls into Albus which last was built in 935. They are distinguished from each other by the Names of the Old and the Younger Boleslaw Bollerbrun a Lake near the Village of Altembeck in the Province of Westphalia in Germany having a remarkable strong Flux and Reflux daily Bolli Paphlagonia a Province of the â—esser Asia Bologna in Italy See Bononia Bologne à la mèr the Icius Portus of Cesar Gessoriacus Portus and Gessoriacum a City of Picardy a Province of France it is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Rhemes and stands upon the River Liana Lenart which there falling into the British Sea on the South of this City makes a convenient Hâ—ven This City is distant from Calis about seven Leagues to the South and five from Estaples to the North. It gives name to a small County which from it is called le Bonlenois The Town is divided into two parts the Upper and the Lower both which are well fortified This place seems to have been the usual place of passing into Britain during the Roman Empire and both Claudius and Caligula came to it on that account And Pliny saith it was the shortest and most convenient Passage It began to be called Bononia about the time of Constantine the Great who took it in his Passage to his Father then dying at York Henry the VII of England in 1487. reduc'd this City to a very low condition when he entred France for the Protection of the Dutchy of Britain but then Charles the VIII of France bought his Peace and preserv'd it His Son Henry the VIII took
Brivodurum and Breviodurus Bricquia a Province in the lesser Asia formerly called Licia Bridgend a Market-Town in Glamorganshire in Wales in the Hundred of New-Castle Bridge-North a Market-Town in Shropshire in the Hundred of Stottesdon upon the Severn Heretofore fortified since demolished Bridlingtou or Burlington a small Town in the County of York where Mary Queen of England Landing from Holland February 22. 1642. was most barbarously treated by 4 Parliament Ships which a great while plaid with their Cannon on the Town and especially on that House in which the Queen was entertained Bridge-Water a Corporation in Somersetshire upon the South side of the River Parret which about five Miles further falls into the Irish Sea 13 Miles from Wells to the West and 23 from Bristol to the South-West It was a great and a populous Town as Mr. Camden saith but suffered very much in the old Rebellion by the Scots July 23. 1645. And on Sunday July 5. 1685. the late Duke of Monmouth Natural Son to Charles II. of ever blessed Memory was entirely defeated being then in Rebellion against K. James II. upon a Moor near this place by the Providence of God and the Courage of the Earl of Feversham who the same day marched to Bridge-Water the Rebels having before his coming deserted it and dispers'd themselves The greatest Honor this Town has is to give the Title of an Earl to the Right Honourable John Egerton whose Father was created Earl of Bridge-VVater May 17. 1617. in the 5th Year of James I. being the Son and Heir of Thomas Egerton Lord Chancellor of England who was created Baron of Ellesmere in 1603 and Viscount Brackley in 1616. Bridport a Market-Town in Dorsetshire The Capital of its Hundred 2 Miles from the Sea to which it had formerly a very good Haven This Town was famous in the time of K. Edward the Confessour It sends 2 Burgesses to the Parliament Brie a Country part within the Government of the Isle of France and part in the Province of Champagne betwixt the Rivers Seine and Marne Meaux sur Marne is the Capital Town of it It is very fruitful In Latin call'd Bria Brigeium and Brigiensis saltus Brie-Compte-Robert a Town in the Country precedent upon the River Iere four or five Leagues from Paris Brieg Brega a Town upon the Oder in Silesia in Germany betwixt Oppelen and Breslaw The same is the Capital of the Dutchy of Brieg Brienne a small Town in Champagne in France upon the River Aube with the Title of an Earldom near Troyes between Bar-sur-Aube and Planci This Place gives Name to the antient House of Brienne Brighthelmston a Market-Town in Sussex in Lewis-Rape by the Sea Side Brignoville Brinnonia Brinnola a Town and Bailywick in Provence in France near the River Caramie Understood by some to be the Forum Veconii by others the Matavonium of the Antients Charles V. the Emperor took it in 1536. The Leaguers surprized it in 1589. Brille or Briel a Town and Port of Holland in a good Soil but a gross Air at the Confluence of the Rhine and the Meuse in a small Island of this Name It was surprized by the Dutch in 1572. by the help of the Succors obtained from Queen Elizabeth And this Action was as the first Foundation of the Commonwealth of Holland Brin Eburum Arsicua Brinum Brina a City of Moravia seated upon the River Zwitta where it falls into that of Swarta 7 German Miles South of Olmitz This was the only place which in 1645. and 1646. held out for the Emperour against the Swedes in all Moravia when being besieg'd it broke the Swedish Army and forc'd them to rise call'd by some Bruna written Brenne also Brindisi Brundusium is an Archiepiscopal City in the Kingdom of Naples which has a strong Castle and a safe Harbour at the mouth of the Gulph of Venice 36 Miles from Tarento to the East Pompey retired hither after his overthrow in the Year of Rome 705. and was obliged to leave the place again because Caesar pursued him In the Year 735. the incomparable Virgil died here that is about 19 years before the coming of our Saviour It has been several times ruin'd and repair'd Brioude Brivas Vicus Briatensis a great and antient Town in the Province of Auvergne in France upon the Allier The Emperour Avitus was buried in the Church of S. Julianus here The Chapter takes the Title of Earls of Brioude being in the first institution Knights Confederated to make War against the Normans in the Year 898. § 2 Leagues from this place stands Brioude la Vieille upon the same River where there is a Bridge to cover it compos'd of one Arch so extraordinary long and high as scarce to have its parallel in Europe Briqueras or Briquerasco Briquerascum a considerable Town in the Principality of Piedmont 4 or 5 Leagues from Pignerol with a Castle Taken by the Sieur de Lesdiguieres in 1592. and retaken by Charles Emanuel Duke of Savoy in 1594. Also famous in the Wars of Piedmont in the years 1629. 30. and 31. Brisach Brisacus Mons a City with a very strong Castle in the Territory of Brisgow in Alsatia with a Stone Bridge upon the Rhine 6 German Miles from Basil to the North and 7 from Strasburg and a from Colmar It was a Free Imperial City till 1330. when it was exempted and given to the House of Austria call'd therefore the Key of Germany the Cittadel of Alsatia and the Pillow on which the House of Austria slept with security In 1633. Gustavus Horne a Swede besieg'd it vain but in 1638. it was taken by the French under the command of the Duke of Weimar who are still in Possession of it their Title being confirm'd by the Treaty of Westphalia or Munster in 1648. and afterwards by the Treaty of the Pirenees in 1659. Brisag or Brisiaco a Town under the Grisons upon the Lake Majour in Italy between Locarna Canobia and Domo Brisgow Brisgovia is a Province of Germany lying on the East of the Rhine and the West of Wirtenburg and on the South clos'd with the Canton of Basil The principal place is Friburg This Province is in part under the House of Austria and in part under the French Brisach which was once its Capital being under the latter but the greatest part under the former The Prince of Conde obtain'd a Victory here in 1644. when General Merci was kill'd Brissach a Town in the Province of Anjou in France upon the River Aubance below Saumur It gives the Title of a Duke Bristoll Bristolium Venta Belgarum Venta Silurum is a noble City in the County of Somerset upon the River Avon which runs through the midst of it and so part of it stands in Glocestershire but then it is a County of itself and belongs to neither of them It is a neat strong clean populous rich well traded City and after London and York the Third principal Place of England the Inhabitants of this City Trading
having been excommunicated by Pope Gregory VII rendred himself to the Pope's Discretion and thereupon received Absolution in the Year 1077. § This is also the name of a County in the Modenese in Italy near Parmesan Canstat a small City in the Dukedom of Wirtemburg upon the River Necker within one Mile of Stuttgard and five of Pfortzhaim to the East Cantabri an antient Valiant People of Spain being those properly of the Provinces of Guipuscoa and Biscay who withstood Augustus in several Rencounters and at last kill'd themselves rather than to submit to Servitude Canterbury Cantuaria Darvernum Dorovernia is the principal City in the County of Kent very antient and without doubt saith Mr. Camden famous in the times of the Roman Empire It stands on the Eastern Shoar of the River Stour called by the British â—uvwhern from whence it had its antient Names Being the Royal Seat of the Kings of Kent when Augustine the Monk came over to convert them it by that Means became the Metropolitan See of England The Bodies of eight Kings lye interr'd in the Cathedral as likewise the Body of Thomas Beckeâ— the famous Roman-Catholick Saint once Archbishop of this See There has been several Provincial Councils celebrated here The Coronation of King John and Queen Isabel his Wife the Marriages of Henry II. and Edward I. were all performed here Augustine the first Archbishop was consecrated in 568. Dr. William Sancroft the LXXVII in this Succession was consecrated Jan 27. 1677. It lies in Long. 24. 51. Lat. 51. 16. Two Burgesses are elected for the Parliament by the Corporation Canton a Province and City in the East of China suppos'd to be the Cattigara of Ptolemy which tho the least of their Metropolitan Cities is yet beautified with many triumphant Arches large Streets and goodly Bridges over a Navigable River running on the South side of it also fortified with deep Ditches eight Bulwarks and seated in a rich and plentiful Soil The Portugals drive here saith Dr. Heylin a wealthy Trade being permitted in the day time to come into the City but at night excluded and forced to find Lodgings in the Suburbs This City lies in Alvares Samodo's Map about Long. 125. and about 26. Lat. According to others in Long. 170.00 Lat. 24.00 See Quancheu The Switz Cantons See Switzerland Capace or Capaccio Caput Aqueum a City of the Principatus Citerior in the Kingdom of Naples and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Salerno in the place of Pesti which was ruined by Frederick the Emperor in 1249. though since rebuilt again This City lies 22 Miles from Salerno to the South in Long. 38 52. Lat. 40. 28. Caparra Capara a City of Extremadura in the Kingdom of Leon in Spain which stands in the middle between Emerita now Merida and Placentia Cap-D-Aguer the same with Santa Cruz in Africa Capelan a Mountain in the Kingdom of Pegu beyond the Gulph of Bengala in the East-Indies A Quarry of Precious Stones of divers Colours is found within it La Capelle a Fortress in the Territory of Tierache within the Province of Picardy towards the Frontiers of Hainault built in the last Age to oppose the Incursions of the Low-Countries about a League from the River Oyse It has been many times taken and retaken Capernaum or Capharnaum the Metropolitan City heretofore of Galilee in the Tribe of Naphtali towards the Borders of Zabulon near the Mouth of Jordan and upon the Coast of the Sea of Tiberias where our Saviour first began to preach S. Matthew was a Publican here when called to be an Apostle Since Solyman reduc'd this City into Ashes it has only been inhabited by a few Moors who ask Money of the Pilgrims that goe to visit the holy Places Capes a River of the Kingdom of Tunis in Africa springing from Mount Atlas and discharging it self into the Mediterranean near a Town call'd Capes where it makes a Gulph of the same Name Caphareus a famous Promontory on the East point of the Isle of Negropont otherwise now call'd Capo del oro and Capo Figera very dangerous to navigate The Grecian Navy seduc'd by Nâ—uplâ—â—s King of Eubaea by a false Light in revenge of the Death of his Son Palimedes by Vlysses being all said to have been shipwrack'd upon these Rocks Capitanata a Province of the Kingdom of Naples which in the more antient times was call'd Apulia Daunia bounded on the North and East with the Adriatick Sea on the West with the County of Molise and on the South with the Principatus Vlterior the Basilicata and the Bariano a very fruitful well watered Country the chief City is Manfredonia The Capitol Capitolium a famous Fortress of Old Rome founded by Tarquinius Prisous in the year of Rome 139. Perfected by Tarquinius Superbus in the year 221. Burnt in the Reign of Vitellius Rebuilt by Vespasian Burnt again by Lightning under Titus and reedified with very great pomp by Domitian who constituted a Quinquennial Celebration of Games which became an Aera by the Name of Agones Capitolini after the manner of the Olympiads Jupiter had a Temple here in his honour whence they denominated him Capitolinus In this place the Christians have built a Church call'd Ara Caeli dedicated to the B. Virgin Mary Capo D' Istria Caput Istriae Aegida the capital City of the Province of Histria in Italy See Cabo d'Istria Capo Cabo cap Cape de Aden Ammonium a Promontory in Arabia Foelix next to Africa in Long. 76. 30. de Alguer Atlantis in Mauritania Tingittana de Bona Speranza of Good Hope Is a famous Promontory upon the most Southern Part of Africa first discovered by Bartholomew Diaz a Portuguese in 1487. in 32 of Southern Lat. 50 of Long. It had this name given it by Emanuel then King of Portugal because he hoped by the doubling it a passage would be open by Sea to the East-Indies as it came to pass to the great enriching of his Kingdom The Hollanders near this Cape have a settlement of about 100 Houses with a strong Fort. The Natives are divided into several distinct Nations of Cornwall or the Lands End the most Western Point of England di Corso a Promontory in Corsica di Faro Pelorum the most Northern Cape of Sicily of Farewel in Greenland di Formoso in Guinea de Sierra Liona Hesperium Cornu supposed to be the most Western Point of Africa known to the Antients 70 Spanish Leagues beyond the most Southern Mouth of the River Niger de Verde the most Western Point of Africa in the Division of Nigritia South to the Mouth of the River Senega in 14 deg of Lat. There is an innumerable number of other Capes which the Brevity of this Work will not admit The Islands of Capo de Verde are a knot of small Islands by some taken for the Hesperides by some for the Gorgades of the Antients lying demicircularly with the Points to the Sea 150 Leagues off of Cape Verde under the Portuguese but
Wall and has a spacious Castle on the other side of the River supposed to have risen first out of the Ruines of Venta Silurum the Capital City of the ancient Silures four Miles distant from it Cher Caris a River which riseth in Auvergne near Clermont and running North-West through Berry and on the South side of Tours a little below this last it falls into the Loyre Cherazoul a Town in the Province of Curdistan in Asia in the Road from Ninive to Hispahan of very difficult access from the manner of its construction within a steep and cleted Rock Cherbourg Caroburgus a Sea-Port in Normandy in France which has a tolerable good Harbor ten Leagues West of Constance This Town was lost by the English in 1453. Honfleur and Beaumont stand near it Chersonesus Aurea See Malaca Some believe this to be the Land of Ophir of King Solomon's time Cherry-Issand an Island on the Coast of Greenland in the most Northern part of the World discovered to us and denominated accordingly by Sir Francis Cherry There are many Mines of Lead growing in it Chertsey A Market Town in Surrey the Capital of its Hundred not far from the River Thames over which it enjoys a Bridge The unfortunate King Henry VI. was first interred without Pomp here and afterwards removed to Windsor Cherusci an Antient and Valiant People of Germany that dwelled between the Elbe and the Weser having the Catti and the Hermonduri their Neighbours to the South East and West Their General Arminius is often mention'd with honour by Tacitus Cherwell a River in Oxfordshire at the confluence of which with the Isis stands the most famous University of Oxford Chesee Povillux a Town in Champagne the Inhabitants whereof claim the privilege to assist at the Coronation of the Kings of France and to convey the Holy Ampoulle or Oil pretended to be brought by an Angel at the Consecration of the first Christian King of that Kingdom from St. Rheimes to our Ladies Church in Rheimes Chesham a Market Town in Buckinghamshire in the Hundred of Burnham Chester Civitas Legionum Cestria is a City and Bishoprick on the River Dee in the Westernpart of Cheshire whence often call'd West-Chester with a fair Stone Bridge over that River In this City it was that 7 Kings of the Scots and Brittains by way of Homage rowed King Edgar in his Barge from S. John's Church to his Palace himself as Sovereign holding the Helm The East-gate is accounted one of the stateliest in England and the Rows or Galleries made along the chief Streets for preservation against the Rain are very particular It was an ancient Roman Town call'd by Ptolemy Devana made a Bishops See by Henry VIII who put it under the Archbishop of York The ancient Earls of Chester fortified it both with Walls and a Castle It is now at this day a fine Place with 10 Parishes in it a County Palatine and the usual passage from England to Ireland It s Long. 20. 23. Lat. 53. 11. Cheshire Cestria hath on the South Shropshire on the East Stafford and Darby on the North Lancashire and on the West Denbigh and Flintshire towards the North-West it has a Promontory that runs a great way into the Sea It abounds more in good Pasturage than Corn well stored with Parks and watered by the Rivers Dee Weever and Mersey and the Cheese of this County is thought the best of England The Earldom of it belongs to the Prince of Wales Chesterfield a Market Town in Derbyshire in the Hundred of Scarsdale pleasantly seated between two small Rivers in a very good Soil King John made it a free Borough King Henry III. and his Barons fought that Battel hard by it in which Robert de Ferrers Earl of Derby was taken Prisoner and lost his Estate and Dignity King Charles I. advanced it to the Style and Title of an Earldom in the Person of Philip Lord Stanhop Anno 1628. whose Grandson at present possesses that Dignity Cheuxan an Island upon the Coast of the Province of Chekiang in China planted by above 70 small Towns and Villages of the Chinese Chewton a Market Town in Somersetshire the Capital of its Hundred also written Chewton-Mendip Chiampana Ciampa a Kingdom of the further East-Indies between Couchin-China Cambaja and the Mare Sinicum Pulocacien is the principal City of it Chiamsi a Province towards the South of China Chiangare See Galatia a Province of the Lesser Asia Chiapa a Province of New Spain in America watered by the Rivers Gryalva and rio blanco and for many Ages past inhabited by 4 different Nations of Indians It s Capital City is Civdad Real Chiarenza a Town in the Morea fifty five English Miles from Patras to the South It is a Sea-Port-Town Chiaromonti Claromons a considerable Town in the South-East part of Sicily in the Valley of Netina amongst the Mountains about forty Miles from Pachino to the West Chiavari Clavarum Claverinum a small but well inhabited Town upon the Coast of Genoua near Rapello in Italy towards the fall of the River Layagna The Genouese are said to build it in 1167. and after it had been ruined to rebuild it Chiavenne vide Claven Chichester Cicestria a City and Bishoprick in Sussex founded by Cissa II. King of the South Saxons After the Conquest it became a Bishops See the Chair being removed from Selsey a small Village not much above sive Miles to the Southward This City is seated on a River call'd the Lavant which encompasseth it on the West and South about six Miles from the Sea and almost in the Western Border of that County The Honorable Charles Fitz-Roy Duke of Southampton was created Earl of Chichester September 10. 1675 by Charles II. his Father It is a fair City with five or six Parish Churches and a Cathedral first erected by Radulph the third Bishop afterwards rebuilt and beautified by Bishop Seffrid the second of the Name when it had been almost consumed twice by Fire The Corporation elects two Burgesses for Parliament and would enjoy a better Trade were not the Haven choaked up that is next adjoining to â—it Chidley a Market Town in Devonshire on the River Tinge Chiemzee or Chiempsee Chiemium a City and Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Saltzburgh in the Dukedom of Bavaria about ten Leagues from Munich and Saltzburgh each It is no very considerable place An Archdeacon of Saltzburgh founded the Bishoprick in the year 1214. Chieri a Town in Piedmont where the French obtained a signal Victory against the Spaniards in 1639. It lies three Miles to the Eastward of Turino and was heretofore a Potent City and a Common-wealth but is now in Subjection to the Duke of Savoy Chifale an Island in the Gulph of Arabia Chilafa or Chielefa is a Fortress on the South of the Morea thirty eight English Miles North-West of Cape Matapan a Place of great Importance both as to its natural and artificial Fortifications and surrendred to the Venetians in 1686.
Jupiter the other to Venus heretofore are yet visible upon it England Anglia called by the French Angleterre by the Italians Inghilterra by the Germans Engel-landt by the Spaniards Inglaterra is the greatest the most Southern and the best Part of the Island of Great Britain called heretofore Albion Britannica and Britannia Which noble Island is divided into three Parts England Wales and Scotland England has Scotland on the North the Irish Sea in part and Wales in part and then the Irish Sea again on the West the British Sea on the South and the German Sea on the East Between 17. and 22. Deg. of Long. between 50. and 57. of N. Lat. It lies together with Wales in the Form of a great Triangle whereof the Southern Shoar is the Base and Berwick the opposite Angle from whence to the Lands End it is accounted three hundred eighty six Miles Long and two hundred seventy nine Broad containing in that Compass about thirty Millions of Acres of Land It was divided by the Romans into five Parts by the Saxons into seven Kingdoms and now into forty one Shires or Counties In which the Parishes amount to about ten thousand The Air is very Temperate both in Winter and Summer being warmed in the one and cooled in the other by the Sea-Vapors the Soil for the most part very fruitful watered with three hundred twenty five Rivers The Inhabitants Valiant and Industrious And as Nature has given it whatever is absolutely necessary to the Life of Man so the Natives by their Trade and Commerce bring in from abroad what may be had throughout the World for Convenience Delight Magnificence and Ornament It has also the best Government and the best constituted Religion of any Nation in the World and as much Learning Civility Arts and Trade as any other Our Fleets excel at Sea our Foot at Land those of all other Nations In short we want nothing to make us happy but Gratitude to God and Union amongst our selves This Island became first known to the Romans about fifty years before the Birth of Christ Julius Caesar entered it with a Fleet in the Year of the World 3895. and renewed his Attempt the year following but the Civil Wars breaking out between him and Pomper the Romans made little Progress here though they kept their Ground till the Reign of Claudius who entered Britain in Person and staying not long his General Aulus Plautius carried on the War so that he took in the greatest part of this Island now called England and under him Vespasian learned the Art of War Didius Avitus succeeded as General and Nero as Emperor under whom the Romans were in great Danger of an utter Extirpation from the Britains But this Storm blowing over they conquered all they cared for as far the Fyrths of Galloway and Edinburgh in Scotland only their ordinary and standing Bounds were between Newcastle and Carlisle They continued their Possession till the year of Christ 433. and then withdrew to desend their nearer Dominions on the Continent against the prevailing barbarous Northern Nations In 449. the Saxons were called in to help the Britains against the Picts those Nations that had never been subject to the Romans in the North of Britain In 455. Hengist their General set up the Kingdom of Kent and began the Conquest of the British By the year 819. the Heptarchy or seven Kingdoms of the Saxons united in one under Egbert King of the West-Saxons which Union received its utmost Perfection under Alfrid about 873. The Danes who had given Occasion to this Union pursuing their Depredations at last conquered the Saxons in 1018. and set up Sweno a Prince of their own In 1042. Edward the Confessor restored the Saxon Line which was broken by William the Conqueror in 1066. But the Blood was again restored by Henry II. in 1155. Edward I. united Wales in 1246. K. Henry II. began and K. John finished the Conquest of Ireland about the Year 1184. in the Reign of Richard I. his Brother In the year 1602. James I. K. of Scotland succeeding Qu Elizabeth of Blessed Memory united Scotland to England And the great Rebellion in 1640. ended in 1660. by the Restitution of Charles the Merciful and Just Yet the Miseries that brought it in the Calamities that attended it and the Judgments that have followed it may be eternal Monitors to English Men to be Loyal to the King and stedfast to the Church Engur Astelfus a River of Asia which springeth from Mount Caucasus and watering Mengrelia falls into the Euxine or Black Sea between Charus and Hippus Twenty Miles North of Chobus another River of the same Country Engury Ancyra a City of Galatia in the Lesser Asia upon the River Parthenius now Sangari which falls into the Black Sea at Cangary This was the Metropolis of Galatia yet seated in the Confines of Paphlagonia on an advanced Ground And made Famous by a Council here held in 314. and another in 357. Called by the Turks Enguri Engouri Angouri or Anguri fifty Miles to the East from Scutari and sixty from Smyrna to the N. East It is now considerable and the Capital of one of the Turkish Provinces in Asia Mithridates the Famous King of Pontus was overthrown by Pompey near this City-Bajazet the Turk in the year 1403. was in the same Place taken Prisoner by Tamerlane the Scythian Conqueror Long. 62. 10. Lat. 42. 30. Enham Aenhamum a Town in the County of Southampton in the Hundred of Andover Of Note for a Council here congregated of the Bishops of both the Provinces in the Year 1009. under the Reign of King Ethelred Enkoping Enecopia a Town in the Province of Vplandia in the Kingdom of Sweden near the Lake Meler five or six Leagues from Vpsal Enna an ancient City standing heretofore in the Center of the Island of Sicily and Famous both for a Temple dedicated to the Goddess Ceres Ennea and for the excellentest Springs in all the Island which are applauded by Cicero and Diodorus The Bellum Servile of Sicily was raised by Syrus Ennus of this Place and ended with the Reduction of this Place also under the Conduct of Pimperna Eno Aenos a City of Thrace called by the Turks Ygnos by the Greeks Eno. It stands on the Archipelago at the Mouth of the River Hebrus now Mariza which runs a little South of Adrianople and here falls into the Sea over against the Isle of Samandrachi forty Miles from the new Dardanels to the North and sixty five English Miles from Adrianople South Is now a Bishop's See under the Patriarch of Constantinople Enrichemont See Boisbelle Ens Claudivium Claudionum Anisus is both a River and a City of Austria the River riseth in the Bishoprick of Saluburgh near Rachstad and running North-East as far as Newmarckt it takes in that of Celstal North-West it meets the Steyr at Steyr Castle and there it turns to the North and washeth the East Side of the City of Ens half a German
to Religion of this Age. The result of it was this the learned Thuanus and Pithaeus being Commissioners for ordering of the Dispute on the Roman Catholicks side and Isaac Casaubon with others according to the Kings appointment for the Huguenots After an Examination of nine Passages that day it appearing sometimes the Objection was taken for the Answer sometimes Words omitted and Sentences curtailed and others misapplied there was no continuing of the Conference longer for Du Plessis retired into the Country sick and dyed soon after In 1679. there was a Peace concluded here between the Crowns of Sweden and Denmark by which the Swedes recovered whatever had been taken from them by the Danes Fontanelle a Village and Monastery in Normandy upon the Seyne twelve Miles from Roan to the East Fontana Bianca Naustathmus a Sea-Port on the Eastern Shoar of Sicily at the mouth of the River Cacyparis twelve Miles from Syracuse to the South Fontarabia Fons Rapidus called by the Inhabitants Fuenteravia and sometimes Ondarrivia and Ondar Ibaya by the French Fontarabie by the Italians Fontarabia is a very strong Town in Guipuscoa in Spain upon the Shoars of the Bay of Biscay upon the River Vidosa Bassages in the Confines of France and Spain Built by the Goths in 625. It belonged as is pretended heretofore to France as part of the Territory of Bayonne and subject to that Bishop till Philip II. King of Spain in 1571. caused it to be taken from that Diocese It is so seated that at low Water it is easily entered but at high Water surrounded with the Sea and so fortified besides that a few Men may defend it against a vast Army so that it is the Key of the Kingdom of Spain and also a convenient Haven The French have had an Eye upon this place In 1638. under the Prince of Conde and the Duke of Espernon they attempted to reduce it but were beaten off with great shame and loss the two Generals mutually blaming each other after the ill success I have read that Charles V. after he had fortified this place called it his Pillow upon which he could securely sleep and it has proved so Fontenay a Town near Auxerre in the Province of Burgundy in France famous in History for the bloody Battel fought at it betwixt the four Sons of Lewis the Debonnaire in 841 wherein above a hundred thousand men were slain upon the place with the Victory to the two younger Brothers Charles the Bald and Lewis the German Fontenay le Comte Fontenacum Fontenaeum the chief Town of Poictou upon the River Vendee seven Miles North-East of Fochel it is a fine Town seated at the foot of an Hill and made rich by a great Fair kept here Fonteuralt Fons Ebraldi a little Town in Anjou in France which has a very much celebrated Nunnery the Abbess of which is Head of the Order and governs all the Men of that Order It stands about one League from the Loyre and three from Salmur to the North-East Forcalquier Forum Neronis once a City of Gallia Narbonensis mentioned by Pliny now a Town in Provence upon the River Laye which is the Capital of a County of the same name It stands upon an Hill between Sisteron to the South-East and Apt Apta Julia to the North-East six Miles from the latter and eleven from Aix to the North. The Title of Earl of this place and the Lands adjacent is born by the Crown Forcheim Forchena Locoritum Trutavia a small City in Franconia upon the River Rednitz where it takes in the Wisent to the North four Miles from Bamberg to the South under the Bishop of Bamberg Forcone Avia Furconium once a City of Italy now a Village in the further Abruzzo upon the River Pescara Aternus eight Miles from Aquila to which place the Bishops See was removed upon the ruin of this ancient City by the Lombards Fordingbridg a Market Town in the County of Southampton The Capital of its Hundred Fordon Fordunum a strong Town in the County of Mern in the North of Scotland ten Miles from the German Ocean and fifteen from Aberdeen to the North-East In this Place John de Fordon the Author of the Scotichronicon was born but it was anciently much more honoured on the account of Palladius the Apostle of the Scotch here buried who was sent by Pope Celestine in 431. to Preach the Christian Faith to this Nation Fordsham a Market Town in Cheshire upon the Banks of the River Weever Fordwich a Member of the Town and Port of Sandwich in Kent Forenza Forentum a Town in Abruzzo in Italy Le Foretz or Foresiens a Country of France extended in length from North to South upon the River Loyre and bounded on the North by Bourbon on the West by Auvergne on the East by Beaujolois and on the South by Velay It is divided into the Upper Foretz in which are Feâ—rs and St. Estienne and the Lower in which is Monbrison the Capital and Roanne This is a very fruitful County under the Jurisdiction of Lyon Forest Noire or the Black Forest a large Wood extending from South to North the space of ten or twelve Leagues as far as to the Neighbourhood of Strasburgh beginning about Basil The four Towns standing at a little distance from the head of it viz. Rhinfeldâ— Lauffembourg Seckinghen and Waldshust are hence called the four Forest Towns La Forest Sebusiani or Segusiani Populi the same with Foretz La Forest de Biere Sylva Bierica the Wood by Fountain-bleau La Forest de Bondis Sylva Bugiensis a Forest on the borders of Savoy The Forest of Dean a vast Wood in Glouoestershire which in ancient Times was exceeding dark and terrible to pass through between the River Wye and the Severn it was so great an Harbor for Thieves that robbed all Passengers that in the Reign of Henry VI. of England there were Laws made to restrain them but saith Mr. Cambden since the rich Iron Mines were found here those frightful Woods by degrees became much thinner than before and the Rebels of 1640. promoted it by selling the Timber of it to the Hollanders who returned their kindness by a War in Ships built of the same Forflamine Forum Flaminii a City of Vmbria ruined by the Lombards in 740. It stood three Miles from Nuceria Forli Forum Livii a City of Romandiola which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Ravenna It stands in a Plain near the little River Ronco and the foot of the Hills with a Castle at the distance of fifteen Miles from Ravenna to the South between the Cities of Cesena and Faventia within the Dominions of the Pope Blondus the Historian was born here La Formentera Ophiusa one of the two Islands which were antiently called Pityusae in the Mediterranean upon the Coast of Spain toward Ivica As desart now as we read it was in Strabo's time inhabited only by a number of wild Asses Formigue Formicae one of the Isles de Hyeres upon the
and possessed themselves of Bavaria Upon which the Insubres and Cenomani yielded in 431. and became subject to the Romans The Provincia Romana was conquered in part by Fulvius Flaccus in 627. The Remainder in 631. by Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus and the three other Provinces by Julius Caesar between 694. and 697. fifty three years before the Birth of our Saviour A part of these Galls under Brennus about 474. made their way through Greece and settled in Gallo-Graecia or Galacia in the Lesser Asia though it is much more probable this Expedition was immediately after the taking of Rome But now to give an exact Account of all the several People contained under this Name their Laws Rites Customs Governments and Bounds would too much exceed the Limits set me in this Work Gallipoli Callipolis a City of Thrace upon the Bosphorus called by the Turks Geliboli which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Heraclea and the Seat of the Turkish Admiral or Captain Bassa of his Gallies It is great populous well traded and has an Haven a Castle and a good Magazine well furnished This Town stands on the West side of the Hellespont not over against Lampasco but a little more North neither walled nor well built within the Houses being all of Earth and Timber and low the Streets narrow sometimes covered with Boards to keep off the Heat of the Sun yet said to be six Miles in Compass and to have four or five thousand Christian Inhabitants amongst others There is little to be seen in it of its ancient Splendor and Elegance It stands upon a Peninsula having upon the North and South two Bays for Gallies and Boats of which the Southern seems best for Ships This City is one hundred and ten Miles South of Constantinople and five from the Shoars of Asia Long. 54. 30. Lat. 42. 16. § Gallipoli Gallipolis Anxa a City of the Kingdom of Naples in the Terra di Otranto built on a Rock upon the Western Shoar in the Bay of Taranto thirty six Miles from that City and in an Island which is only joined to the Continent by a Bridge supported by huge massy Stones Small but well fortified and populous with a good Haven a strong Castle and good Walls it is a Bishops See but his Diocese is bounded by the Walls of the City and he is under the Archbishop of Taranto Long. 42. 12. Lat. 39. 58. Galloway Novantae Gallovidia Galdia is a large County in the South of Scotland over against Munster in Ireland from which it is separated by a Channel of only fifteen Scotch Miles in breadth Bounded on the West with the Sea on the South with Solway Fyrth which separates it from Cumberland on the East with Nithesdale and on the North with Carrick and Kile it takes its name from the Welsh who for a long time maintained this County against the Scots and Picts calling themselves Gaels and in the Writers of the middle Ages it is accordingly called Gael-Wallia the Country is every where swelled into Hills better for Pasture than Corn but well supplied with Fish both from the Sea and Fresh-water-Lakes of which there are many at the foot of the Hills The principal River is the Dee called Dea by Ptolomy The principal Town is Withern Candida Casa which is a Bishops See and one of the first erected in this Kingdom by Nina a Britain the Apostle of the Nation of the Picts Upon the Coast of this County there is a narrow Isthmus call'd the Mule of Galloway it is the same with the Novantum Chersonesus of the Antients and lies in 55 d. 10 m. of North Lat. The most Southern point of all Scotland The Galloper Sand is a Shallow ten Leagues from the Mouth of the Thames to the East upon which the brave Ship the Prince was unfortunately run a-ground and lost June 4. 1666. Sir George Ayscue the Commander being taken by the Dutch who were then engaged with the English Fleet and carried Prisoner into Holland Gallway Duaca Gallica is a County in the West of Ireland in the Province of Conaught bounded on the North by the County of Mayo on the East by the River Shannon which parts it from Roscommon and Kings County on the South with Clare and on the West with the Ocean a Country fruitful both as to Corn and Pasture Here is the Lake of Corbes twenty Miles long and three or four broad § The principal City is Gallway Galliva called by the Irish Gallive the Capital City of the County of Gallway and the third in the whole Kingdom of Ireland situate near the fall of the Lake of Corbes a neat strong Place built almost round and walled with Stones it has a Bishop's See and a delicate and safe Harbor called the Bay of Gallway capable of a vast Fleet and secured on the West by five Islands The fertility of the County in which it stands affording plenty of Goods for Exportation the Inhabitants of this City in Mr. Cambden's time had made great Improvements by their Navigation and much enriched themselves This City being so remote from England and very strong at first in the Rebellion against King Charles I. stood a kind of Neuter and would neither admit the Irish nor the English but when they saw the Irish were Masters of the greatest part of the Kingdom it joined with them in their Rebellion The Pope's Legate made this a kind of Seat of his Government till about the year 48. he was besieged here by the Irish who began then to favour the Royal Interest which he opposed to the utmost and at last despairing of all Relief he submitted and left the Island Not long after this was one of the first Places that paid its Obedience and Respect to the Earl of Ormond the King's Deputy But it was too late for in 1651. Ireton having taken Limerick after a long Siege this Town being immediately attacked by those victorious Forces under the Command of Sir Charles Coot an Oliverian Captain and their Harbour filled with Parliament Ships of War and no hopes of Relief they yielded themselves to the mercy of the Rebels who revenged the Injuries of a Prince which they themselves had murdered upon this wealthy but then wretched City Thus saith my Author Dr. Bates Gallway the greatest place of Trade in all Ireland the best fortified abounding in noble Buildings Riches and plenty of Inhabitants which had had such benefit by their Maritim Commerce was forced to submit to the Yoke of an Enemy after she had refused her Assistance to her Lawful Prince in denying a Supply to the Lieutenant And as if War alone had not been a sufficient Chastisement the Plague followed the Sword and cut off in the space of eighteen Months twelve thousand of the Inhabitants The Irish had the Possession of this Place and held it out for King James II. till the last Summer 1691. Galofaro the same with Charibdis Gambay Gambia a vast River of Africa in Nigritia
one of the most considerable Counties in Germany which is bounded on the East and North by Thuringia on the West by Hassia and on the South by the Diocese of Wurtzburgh being in length from East to West almost two days Journey The Emperor Maximilian II. erected it into a Principality which Title in 1583. passed into the House of Saxony Hennebont Hannebon Hannebontum a ancient Town upon the River Blavet which falls into the Sea near Port Louis in the South of Bretagne in France four Leagues from the Shoars of the Sea and three from the said Port thirty two Miles from Rennes to the South-West and ten from Vennes to the North-West Heretofore very strongly fortified but now neglected It has a very fair Church Hensterberg Cetius a Mountain of Austria which begins in the Lower Austria at the Danube three Miles from Vienna to the West and running South through Stiria and Carinthia ends at the Drave being called in different Countries by various Names Heppen Apianum a Castle in the Bishoprick of Trent Herac Petra a City of Arabia Deserta called Rabath in the Scriptures It was in the latter times an Archbishop's See under the Patriarch of Jerusalem having before been under the Patriarch of Alexandria It stands in the Confines of Palestine upon the Brook Zareth Long. 66. 45. Lat. 30. 20. Heracaian the same with Kherman Herachia Heratia a small Island in the Archipelago East of Scinusa and not far from Heraclea in Thrace Heraclia Heraclea a City in Thrace called Vrbs Herculea in Claudian Perinthus by Ptolemy and before Mygdonia now frequently Araclea It is an Archbishop's See under the Patriarch of Constantinople at the first its Superior and the Metropolis of Thrace it self so that the Bishop of Byzantium was a Suffragan to the Bishop of Heraclea Severus the Emperor finding the City of Byzantium now Constantinople in the Hands of Pescennius Niger his Rival in 194. besieged it and having taken it after a Siege of three Years dismantled burnt and ruin'd it and gave all its Lands to the City of Heraclea which from thenceforth was advanced above Byzantium and continued so till Constantine built Constantinople in the beginning of the IV. Century The Bishop of Heraclea became by this means superior to the Bishop of Byzantium But Heraclea is now in a decaying Condition thus described by Mr. Wheeler This Town hath a good Harbour whose Mouth lieth East of it turning about so that it maketh a Peninsula The Town lieth in the Neck of this having the Sea on one side and the Port on the other which Port is five Miles in Circumference There appeared great plenty of Marble Antiquities broken and scattered about by the unregarding Turks Amongst the rest I found one Inscription dedicated to Severus their great Benefactor A poor Place it is but an Archbishops See for all that and the Cathedral one of the best now standing in Turky In it Sir Edward Guitts one of the Embassadors of England lies buried who died here before his Return upon whose Tomb is a Greek Inscription This City lies 52 Miles from Constantinople to the West and seventy from Gallipoli to the North-West Hereâ—oâ—râ— a great many Cities in Greece Asia Egypt and Italy have born the same Name of Heraclea but they are all ruined or changed into such distant Names as that this Place belongs no now to them Herbauges Herbadilia an old ruined City not far from Nantes in the Confines of Bretagne and Poictou mentioned in the Lives of the Saints Herberstein a Barony in the Province of Carinthia in Germany Herbipoli See Wurtaburg Herborne Herborna a small Town in Westerwalt in the County of Dillemburgh which is an University or rather has a College founded in it by John Count of Dillemburgh in 1585. It stands four German Miles from Marpurg to the West and three from Gissen or Giessen Herck Archa a Town or Castle in the Bishoprick of Leige in the Confines of Brabant in the middle between Maestricht to the East and Lovain to the West § There is also a River called the Herck which flowing by Tongren or Tongres and this Castle of Herck falls into the Demer Demera one Mile above Bardiest Herklens Herculis Castra a Town of Guelderland Hereford Herefordia Ariconium a City and Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Canterbury upon the River Wye on the Borders of South Wales beyond the Severn which grew up out of the Ruins of Ariconium an old Roman Town not far from it Camden saith of old it was called Ferulega or the Forest S. Ethelbert King of the East-Angles was slain here by Offa King of the Mercians who invited him to his Court to Marry his Daughter and by the malicious Instigation of Quenred his Queen did this base Act about 749. After which the East-Angles continued under the Mercians seventy seven Years The Prince being esteemed a Martyr there was a Church built to his Honour and a Bishoprick established in it In 1055. it was burnt by the Welsh but soon after rebuilt and fortified Yet it was very small at the time of the Conquest not having above an hundred Men within and without The Normans built here a very strong Castle now ruined and walled the City Reinelm the Bishop built part of the Cathedral in the Reign of Henry I. whose Successors built the rest and the Close It s Long. is 20. 24. Lat. 52. 06. The first Bishop was Putta placed here in 680. Reinelm the XXX in Order succeeded in 1107. and sat eight Years In the year 673. Theodore Archbishop of Canterbury held a Council here There are six Gates for Entrance into it and fifteen Watch-Towers Herefordshire Silures by the Welsh called Erinuck is of an Oval Form Bounded on the East with Worcestershire and Gloucestershire on the South with Monmouthshire on the West with Radnorshire and Brecknock and on the North with Shropshire It is a pleasant fruitful County abounding with all things necessary for the Life of Man They have a Proverb that as to the three W's that is VVheat VVool and VVater it is equal to any County in England The VVye Lug and Munow after they have fertilized the various Parts of this County meet below Monmouth and pass in one Channel into the Severn near Chepstow William Fitz-Osborn was created Earl of Hereford by William the Conqueror in the first year of his Reign Anno Christi 1066. Henry de Bohun descended from the former Earls in 1199 his Posterity in seven Descents enjoyed it till 1371. Henry of Bullingbrook succeeded as Duke of Hereford in the Right of Mary his Wife Daughter of Humfrey de Bohun the last Earl of that Family in 1398. In 1547. Walter d' Eureux descended from the Bouchiers and Bohuns was created Viscount of this County Leicester d' Eureux the present Possessour is the eighth in this Line and a Minor Heren Carrhae a City in Mesopotamia called Heren or Harran by the Turks It was a Bishop's See under the Archbishop
of Edessa at first but afterwards it became the Metropolis it self Seated in the Province of Diarbeck near the River Chabor forty Miles from Edessa sixty from Euphrates to the East The Tartars under Tamberlane treated this City with great Cruelty since that it has been in a declining condition and now not much inhabited It is mentioned several times in the Holy Scriptures upon the account of Abraham's sojourning and burying his Father Terah here before he went into the Land of Canaan Gen. 11. 31. Acts 7. 4. in which last place it is called Charran in Mesopotamia And by Pliny and Ptolemy Charrae It s Long. is 73. 20. Lat. 36. 10. Heresbach a Town in the Diocese of Cleves in Germany Heri Aria a Province in Persia in Asia more commonly called Hera or Herat it has a City and a River of the same Name This River in the later Maps called Pulimoilon riseth out of the Mountains of Cassubi and washing the Walls of this City on all sides it standing in an Island falls into the Lake of Burgian The City is called Ser-heri in Long. 100. 13. and Lat 36. 20. Ninety German Miles West of Candahar one hundred and twenty South-East of the Caspian The Roses of this Province are thought the best in the World The Province of Heri is a part of that of Chorasan which is one of the most rich fertile and populous Provinces in all Persia In the City of Heri are made the best Persian Tapestries on which and other accounts it is much frequented by the Indians who must pass through it in their way to Persia See Olearius his Travels Herit Adramitae a Province in Arabia the happy Herma or Erma a City of Galatia called Germa or Therma by the ancient Geographers and now sometimes Germaste It stands in the Confines of Bithynia and Phrygia upon the River Sagarium Sacrio where it falls into the Casilirnach which falls into the Euxine Sea at Cagani twenty one German Miles East of Scutari This City is placed thirty six German Miles East of Bursia Now an Archbishop's See Long. 60. 10. Lat. 42. 25. Hermanstad Cibinium a City in Transylvania commonly by the Inhabitants called Seben and Zeben by the Italians Cibinio by the Germans Hermanstad The Capital of that Dukedom the Seat of the Prince a great populous strong well-built City seated in a Plain upon the River Cibinium Cibin which a little lower falls into the Aluta The Inhabitants are Saxons it stands fifteen Miles from Clausemberg to the East and eight from Alba Julia. A Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Colocza though there is now no Bishop of it The late Duke of Lorrain of famous Memory in November 1687. put into this place a Garrison of three thousand Imperialists by the agreement of Prince Abafti then Prince of Transylvania to enjoy the same for their Winter Quarters Hermanstein or Erenbreitstein Eremberti lapis a Castle in the Bishoprick of Trier in Germany upon the Rhine near its Confluence with the Moselle standing on a Rock that is on all sides inaccessible which makes it one of the strongest in Germany It sustained a long Siege in the year 1637. and could only at last be taken by Famine Hermanville a place near Calais in France Herndall Herndalia a part of Norway on this side the Mountains of Norway by the Province of Jemplandt on which depends Nomedale Hellegelandt Frostein Inder Heroa and some others which together with it were yielded to the Swedes in 1645. by the Danes Herou Heropolis a City of Egypt near the bottom of the Red Sea ninety miles from Damiata to the South-East about thirty five English Miles from Sues to the West and sixty from the next Shoar of the Mediterranean to the South Mentioned by Pliny and Ptolemy It s Long. 63. 30. Lat. 29. 50. Herstal Heristel or Haristal a Town upon the Maes near Liege in Westphalia adorned heretofore with a magnificent Palace built by Pepin King of France who resided so frequently at it that in the French History he is sirnamed Pepin of Heristel This Palace was afterwards destroyed by the Normans Hersteld a City in the Circle of Westphalia in Germany upon the River Weser belonging to the Bishops of Paderborne since the year 1608. The People of Paderborne conspiring once against their Bishop the Episcopal See was removed from Paderborne hither which was re-established at Paderborne again in 799. Charles the Great also resided here some considerable time Hertford Durocobriva a Town in a County of the same name in the South of England upon the River Lea or Ligean as the Saxons called it which runs through it In 607. here was a Synod Now saith Mr. Cambden it is not very populous yet for its Antiquity it deserves-regard It has given Name to this County and is reputed the Shire-Town It has a Castle built as some think by Edward the Elder enlarged by the Family De Clare to whom it belonged as Earls of Hertford in the times of Henry II. and King Stephen Afterwards it belonged to the Crown Edward III. granted it to John of Gaunt his Son then Earl of Richmond and after Duke of Lancaster Hertfordshire Herfordiae Comitatus Cattieuchlani hath on the North Cambridgeshire on the West Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire on the South Middlesex and on the East Essex it is very fruitful as to Corn and Pasture has plenty of Woods and Groves and for great Towns and Rivers it may vye with most Counties in England considering its bigness This County had first for Earls or Marquesses the Family De Clare who for seven Descents between 1139. and 1314. enjoyed this Title Being extinguished Henry VIII in 1537. created Edward Seymour Viscount Beauchamp Earl of Hertford who afterward in 1551. was made Duke of Sommerset being the fourteenth Earl and seventh of his Family who hath born this amongst other Titles of Honour Hertogenraiad Rodia Ducis a Town in Holland Hertzogthumb in the High Dutch signifies a Dukedom and is frequently used by them So Hertzogthumb Bremen is the Dukedom of Bremen Hertzogthumb Ferden is the Dukedom of Ferden Heruli an ancient People of the Country now called the Dukedom of Meckleburg in the Lower Saxony in Germany towards the Baltick Sea who established themselves in Italy in the fifth Century and were of the number of those Barbarians that formed their States upon the ruin of the Roman Empire Odoacer their King dispossessed Augustulus in the year 476. and having reigned about seventeen years he was slain by Theodorick King of the Ostrogoths The Emperor Justinian granted them Lands to cultivate whereupon they not only gave themselves entirely to him but became Christians and Gethesius their King was baptized in 528. Till this Conversion their Customs were to offer Men in Sacrifices to their Gods to kill the sick and aged to oblige Wives not to survive their Husbands and to indulge themselves in every voluptuousness Hervorden Hervordia a City in VVestphalia in the County of
Centre of the County to which it gives name large well built and populous extending from the top of a high Hill where Lindum the old Roman Town stood its Ditches and Rampier being still visible a great way downwards unto the River In this Town the Valiant Britain Vortimer died in 456 being Poysoned by Rowena the Daughter of Hengist and Wife of Vortiger The Saxons after this ruined Lindum and built Lincoln nearer the River about the times when Paulinus first Preached the Christian Faith to them The Danes destroyed it twice In the time of Edward the Confessor here was one thousand and seventy Mansions In the Norman times no City in England was more Rich or Populous as Will. of Malmsbury acquaints us Will. the Conqueror thought fit to build here a very strong Castle upon the top of the Hill aforesaid to awe the Inhabitants Remigius Bishop of Dorchester near Oxon at the same time removed the Sea hither and built the Cathedral above the same Hill In the Reign of Edward III. it was made a Mart or Staple King Stephen was overcome and taken Prisoner near this City in 1140. Sept. 5. in a great Battel with Maud the Empress and afterwards at Bristol laid in Irons Henry III. had better success here when it being defended by the Barons against him under Prince Lewis in 1217. May 19. he took it forced Lewis to Flee to London and soon after into France Mr. Cambden observes that of fifty Churches standing within an hundred Years of his time there were only eighteen left It hath by times gone through all the calamities of Fire Sword and Earthquake Yet a large populous and well frequented place still and enjoying the greatest Diocese of any in the Kingdom as the Cathedral there called commonly the Minster is one of the stateliest Piles perhaps in Christendom It hath the privilege also of being a County Corporate whose Liberties extend about twenty Miles in compass with the title of the County of the City of Lincoln It s Long. 22. 52. Lat. 53. 12. Lincolnshire is bounded on the North by the Humber and the British Sea on the East by the same Sea and part of Norfolk on the South by Cambridge Northampton and Rutlandshire on the West by Leicester Nottingham and Yorkshire It is a very large County extending in length from North to South almost sixty Miles and carrying in some places thirty in breadth fruitful in Corn and Grass thick set with Towns and well watered with Rivers As the Humber the Trent which severs part of it from Nottinghamshire the Witham running a cross it the Woland and the Nen. The whole is divided into Lindsey to the Northward which takes up about one half Holland towards the Sea Southward and Kesteven West from thence which three divisions contain six hundred and thirty Parishes and thirty five Market Towns Here is plenty of Fowl and Fish The old Inhabitans were the Coritani The present Earl of this County is Edward Lord Clinton who succeeded in 1667 being the fifth of his Family that has born this Title and the sixteenth Earl Edward Fines Lord Clinton Lord Admiral having obtained this Honor from Qu. Elizabeth in 1565 before whose time the same title had passed through several Families by frequent interruptions Lincopen Lincopia Lingacopia a City of Sweden which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Vpsal in Ostro-Gothia between Soderkoping to the East and Wadtena to the West twenty eight German Miles from Stockholm to the South-West and almost eight East from the Lake of Veter Long. 32. 48. Lat. 58. 3. The City is very small and inconsiderable We read of a Synod celebrated at it in 1148. under P. Eugenius III. It is also written Lindkeeping Lindaw Lindavia Lindavilum Philyra a City of Germany in the Circle of Schwaben in an Island in the Lake of Constance joined to the Continent by a Bridge two hundred and ninety Paces long It is an Imperial and Free City situate in the borders of Switzerland eight Miles from Constance to the North-East and grew up out of the ruins of Aeschach a place near to it Very strong both by its Site and by Art and therefore it the more easily repelled the Forces of Count Wrangel the Swedish General who in 1647. besieged it The beginning of this City was a Monastery built here by Adelbert Rorbuck a Kinsman of Charles the Great in 810. This occasioned the building of a Village and the Site being pleasant fruitful and convenient it grew up by degrees to a City at first subject to the Abbess after that to the Dukes of Schwaben obtaining its Privileges since from Rudolphus I. Frederick III. and Sigismond Lindo Lindus a Sea-Port Town in the Isle of Rhodes the Christian Inhabitants of which can bring about twenty good and large Ships into the Grand Seignior's Service Line a rivulet in Staffordshire upon which Newcastle stands thence commonly called Newcastle upon Line to distinguish it from Newcastle upon Tine Lindsey one of the three parts of the County of Lincoln containing all the Northern parts from the River Witham to the Humber and from the Ocean to Trent This was in 1626. by Charles I. made an Earldom and granted to Robert Bartie Lord Willoughby of Eresby Lord Great Chamberlain of England who died in the Bed of Honour at Edge-Hill October 23. 1642. being the King's General in that Battel The present Earl Robert Bartie the third of this Family succeeded in 1666. Lingen Lingo a strong Town in Westphalia which is the Capital of a County of the same Name under the Prince of Orange upon the River Ems forty five Miles from Munster to the North and fifty five from Emden to the South The County that belongs to it lies in the Bishoprick of Munster and is very small It belonged to the Spaniards in the time of Charles V. but is now in the hands of the Prince of Orange Linlithgo Linlithquo Lithquo Lindum a Town and a County in the South of Scotland The Town standeth on the South side of the Fyrth of Edenburgh twenty two Miles from that City to the West This Place as Mr. Cambden saith is called Lindum by Ptolemy and it takes its Name from a great Lake in this small County from which ancient the present Name is derived Linosa an Island of the Mediterranean Sea upon the Coast of Africa near Maltha It depends upon the Island of Maltha Linton a Market Town in Cambridgeshire in the Hundred of Chilford Lintz Aurelianum Lentia called by Aurelian Lyncia Lyncium and by some understood to be the Aredate of Ptolemy is the Capital City of the Vpper Austria small but populous seated upon the Danube over which it has a Bridge and in it a magnificent Castle whither the Emperors of the House of Austria have frequently retired for their Pleasure and Divertisement It stands six German Miles from Passaw to the East and twenty four from Vienna to the West Dr. Brown gives this account of
more extended Sea North of Constantinople between Europe to the North and West Asia to the East and Anatolia to the South is called the Euxine or Black Sea To give an exact account of all the smaller parts of it would too much exceed my narrow bounds Medniky Mednicia a small City of Poland in Samogitia sometimes called Womie seated near the Fountains of the River Wirwitz It is the See of the Bishop of Samogitia founded by Wenceslaus King of Poland in 1413. fifteen Polish Miles from Memel and the Shoars of the Baltick Sea to the East thirty from Riga to the South-West Medoc Medulanus a small Tract in Aquitain between the Mouth of the Garrone to the North the Bay of Aquitain to the West and Bourdeaux to the East There is not above three or four small Towns in it The ancient Meduli are understood to have dwelt here Medway Vaga a River of Kent which riseth in the Weald or Wild in the South-West part of that County at Penhurst it receives the Eten out of Surrey so dividing it self into five Streams it surrounds Tunbridge from thence passing North-East it goes to Maidstone from thence to Rochester by which time it is become exceeding great by the concourse of many Rivers it takes in its short Course Here he is covered by a Stone Bridge beneath which he becomes capable of the greatest Ships and in his Bed the Royal Fleet of England rides in time of Peace Below Rochester he forms the Isle of Shepey one of his Mouths entering the Ocean at Sherness and the other at Shellness above eight Miles from each other In 1667. the Dutch Fleet entered this River June 22. having with their Cannon battered down the Paper Fort of Sherness where they carried off the Royal Charles and burnt and spoiled four or five other Ships Megalopolis an ancient City of Arcadia near the River Alpheus renowned for the Birth of Polybius the Noble Grecian Writer of the Roman History Since Christianity it hath been an Episcopal See But this glory under the Turks is changed into the condition of a miserable Village And the Proverb Magna Civitas magna solitudo was never more verified of it than now Megara a City of Achaia in ancient times cal-Nisa or Nissaea it stands at the North-West Point of the Bay of Corinth near the Hexamilia or Isthmus two Miles from the Sea Shoar twenty five from Athens to the West and the same distance from Corinth to the North East This was the Birth-place of Euclid the Master of the Mathematicks Lat. 38. 05. which is the true height of Athens Mr. Wheeler who saw this place thus describes it It is situate in a Valley between the Mountain Kerata North which has a Ridge running Northward to join with Mount Cithaeron at the bottom of the Bay of Corinth now called Livadostro the Mountain Macripaldi to the West towards Corinth the Mountain of Palaio Bouni South-East and the Bay of Livadostro North-West This Plain is reasonably fruitful twenty Miles in compass The City was anciently built upon two Rocks Now one of the Rocks is desolate the other has about three or four hundred pitiful Cottages built one Story high and close together the Walls of which are the ruins of the former Houses or a few Faggots covered with Clay Chimnies they have none except it be a hole in the top of the House or the Door The Turks of themselves abandoned this place after the reduction of Athens It is now called Megra A City in the beginning the Capital of a Monarchy under the Reign of twelve Kings Then a Republick which maintained divers Wars with the◠Athenians and others and also established a Colony in the Island of Sicily Meghen a Town in the Dukedom of Brabant in the Low-Countries upon the left side of the Meuse three Leagues from Boisleduc It gives the Title of an Earldom Meissen Misnia a Territory and City of Germany in the Vpper Saxony which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Magdeburgh and under the Dominion of its own Bishop but now in the hands of the Elector of Saxony as Administrator of the Bishoprick of Misnia It stands three German Miles from Dresden to the East nine from Leypsick to the same Quarter and twelve from Wittemberg to the South upon the Western Shoar of the River Elbe over which it hath a fine Wooden Bridge Built by Henry the Fauikoner who constituted the Marquess of Misnia in 928. Sigismond the Emperour in 1423 granted to its Marquess within the Dukedom of Saxony the Electoral Dignity It s Bishop was one of them that led the way to the Reformation by ejecting the Pardon-mongers in 1500. In 1581. the Reformation was settled here and the Augustane Confession imbraced This is at this day a great rich populous City and has belonging to it a Castle Mela or la Mela a River in Lombardy which washeth the Walls of Brescia and then falls into the Oglio Melas the ancient Name of the Rivers Larissa and Gensui See those Names As of several others mentioned by the Ancients in Lycia Arcadia Mygdonia Sicily Cilicia and Achaia Melasso or Melazzo a Town in the Valley of Demona in the Island of Sicily near Messina § Likewise a City in the Province of Aidinelli in the Lesser Asia which was the ancient Mylassa of Caria This is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Stauropolis or Santa Croce Melohited a general Name for all the Syrian Cophtite or other Oriontal Christians not being natural Greeks who adhere to the Decisions of the Great Council of Chalcodon and the common Sentiments of the Greek Church Given them by the opposite Parties from the Hebrew Word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a King in derision of their being of the Religion of the Emperour who presided over the said Council They call themselves the Orthodox and have translated into the Arabick Language the Bible Councils and Euchologies with most of the Ecclesiastical Books of the Grecians Melcomb Regis a Corporation in Dorsetshire in the Hundred of Vgscomb upon the River Wey where it falls into the Sea united by a fair Timber Bridge with the Town of Weymouth on the other side of the same River and together with it by Act of Parliament in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth incorporated into one Body governed by one Mayor with Aldermen c. yet they both elect two Burgesses to the Parliament Meldola Meldula a small Town in the Dominions of the Church in Romandiola in the Confines of Tuscany upon the River Bedese or Ronco which falls beneath Ravenna into the Ionian Sea ten Miles from Forli to the South This is said to be a Marquisate and a Sovereignty in the possession of Prince Pamfilio Melfi Melphis Melphia a City of the Kingdom of Naples in the Basilicate which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Acerenza or Mateola but now exempt from the Jurisdiction of its own Archbishop It is a great and well peopled City in the
built before the Birth of our Saviour being a City in the times of Drusus General to Augustus Florus lib. 4. In 745. it was made an Archbishops See instead of Wormes to which it was a Suffragan See before It was very severely treated by Frederick Aenobarbus the Emperor in 1158. But rebuilt and restored by Otho IV. In 1462. it was taken October 27. by Adolphus Nassaw its Bishop and whereas before it was Imperial and Free it has been ever since subject to its own Archbishops There was an University opened here in 1482. Others say in 1461. Gustavus Adolphus entred this place in Triumph December 14. 1631. In 1635. it was retaken from the Swedes but the next year they again took it and kept it till the Peace of Munster It claims also the invention of Printing about 1430. A strong place and well guarded saith Dr. Brown has many Churches and Monasteries and some fair Buildings especially those of Publick Concern but the narrowness of the Streets and many old Houses take away much from the Beauty of it It is most extended towards the River and that part excels the other also towards the Land as being more populous and better built It paid to the King of Sweden as a Ransom above an hundred thousand Dollers which shews its Wealth This Prince built a Bridge over the Main here and another over the Rhine partly upon Piles of Wood partly upon Boats the first of these is taken away but the latter is continued still The Archbishop is Arch-Chancellor of the Empire and the first of the Electoral College in all publick Conventions he sits at the Right Hand of the Emperor and is the Successor of Boniface an Englishman who very much promoted the Christian Faith in these parts This City received a French Garrison in October 1688. Surrendred again to the Consederate Forces Sept. 11. 1689. after a Siege of six or seven Weeks § The Electorate of Mentz Moguntina Ditio called by the Inhabitants Maintzische by the Germans das Churfurstenthumb bon Mayntz is a small Province in the Lower Circle of the Rhine under the Dominion of this Archbishop stretching from East to West between the Territories of Weteraw and Westerwalt to the North and the Lower Palatinate to the South The bounds cannot be exactly stated because the Dominions belonging to this Bishoprick lye dispersed in Franconia and the other Circles and render this Elector the less considerable Dr. Heylyn observes that a Bishop of Mentz subscribed in the Council of Colen in 347. So that this Bishoprick was only Refounded in 745 after the barbarous Nations had extirpated Christianity here Dr. Brown saith the Soil of this Country is fertile abounds with all sorts of Provisions and excellent Wines So that his Revenue will afford him six or seven thousand Crowns a year Meppen Meppa a City in Westphalia in the Bishoprick of Munster upon the River Hase which falls into the Emes a little below Lingen eleven Miles from Emden to the South and thirteen from Munster to the North. Merch. See March Mercia a great and inland Kingdom in the old Heptarchy of the Saxons in England which contained Gloucester Worcester Hereford Stafford Darby Nottingham Leicester Rutland Lincoln Huntingdom Northampton Warwick Salop Oxon Buckingham Bedford and Hartford Mercoeur a small Town in the Province of Anvergne in France upon an Ascent and a Rivulet falling afterwards into the Allier Charles IX advanced it to the dignity of a Principality in 1563 and into a Dukedom and Peerage of France in 1569. It gives name to a Family of Honour Metense Myndus a City of Caria in the Lesser Asia which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Stauropolis Santa Croce It is even now the Capital of the Province and the Seat of a Turkish Governour 16 German Miles South of Ephesus upon the Archipelago and five West of Melasso From this City Caria is now called Menteseli by the Turks Merdin Marde a City of Assyria upon the River Tigris in the Confines of Mesopotamia which is now an Archbishop's See in the Province of Diarbeck in the Confines of the Greater Armenia twenty German Miles from Caramit to the East and thirty from Nisibin to the North. Long. 76 30. Lat. 36. 10. Mere a Market Town in Wiltshire The Capital of its Hundred Mergetheim a Town in Franconia in Germany made famous by a Defeat of Turin in 1645. It stands upon the River Goliach in the County of Werthaim four German Miles from Wurtzburgh to the South-West and nine from Hailbrun to the North-East Merhern the same with Moravia Merida Emerita Augusta a City in Portugal heretofore an Archbishop's See and the Seat of the Courts of Justice for the Province of Extremadura upon the River Guadiana twelve Miles above Badajox to the East fourteen from Alcantara to the South-East and twenty five from Sevil to the North. Now very small and in a declining condition only the Spaniards in whose hands it is have bestowed of late years something in Fortifying it against the Portuguese The Archbishop's See was removed hence in 1124. by Pope Calistus II. to S. Jago di Compostella In 1230. the Moors were driven from Merida Some Synods have been assembled here and some place it in New Castile in Spain § Also an Episcopal City in the Province of Jucatan in New Spain in America towards the Gulph of Mexico Meridiano the same with Lambro Merindol the Place of the Retreat of the Vaudois upon the Frontiers of the County of Venaissin in Provence which was put to Military Execution by order of Francis I. King of France and the Parliament of Aix with all its Houses Castles and People of the Reform'd Religion then in Rebellion in 1545. after the tryal in vain of other Courses to reduce them Merionethshire Mervinia is one of the twelve Shires in the Principality of Wales called by the Inhabitants Uerionethshire on the North it has Carnarvan and Denbigh on the East Montgomery the South Cardigan cut off by the River Dowy and on the West it is washed by the Irish Sea Extreamly Mountainous Barren unpleasant and exposed to raging Winds having nothing of value but Cattel This was the Seat of the Ordovices a British Clan It was not Conquered by the English till the Reign of Edward I. in 1283. In the Reign of Hen. IV. Owen Glendover drew this and all wales into a Combination against that Prince which might have ended in the loss of Wales under a less Martial Prince than he There is in this County no Town of Note Mern Mernis Marnia a County in the North-East part of Scotland bounded on the South-East by the German Ocean on the North-West by the County of Marr and on the South-West by Angus the chief Town of which is Fordun It is little and lies in the form of a Triangle Meroe a very great Island made by the River Nile in Aethiopia which has this name from the principal City in the Island It is now
Empire it fell into the hands of the Saracens who in the seventh and eighth Century possessed most of the Islands in the Mediterranean Sea In 809. Pepin Father of Charles the Great recovered this Island out of their hands which after this was the subject of a long War between the States of Genoua and Pisa till at last Pope Boniface VIII granted it to James II. King of Arragon about 1296. who after many Wars obtained the quiet possession of it in 1326. or as Hoffman saith in 1409 Ever since it has been in that Family Frederick II. has also given it the Title of a Kingdom The Soil is very fruitful but the Air equally unhealthful or pestilential rather insomuch that the Common-wealth and the Emperours of the Romans banished such persons to this Island as they desired to have dead without Sword or Poyson The Rivers Cedro and Tirso divide it into two parts called the Cape de Lugodori and Cap de Cagliari for its sertility it was called the Nurse of Rome by Valerius Maximus yet those parts of the Island to the North and East are mountainous and barren The rest are Algher Castel Aragonese Bosa Ostagni Terra Nova Sacer and Iglesias A Vice-Roy for the King of Spain governs this Island Sardica See Sofia Sardis the ancient Metropolis of Lydia in the Lesser Asia Not to speak of its being the Capital of the Kingdom of the famous Gyges Cyrus we find took it in the fifty ninth Olympiad and with it submitted all Lydia to his Empire In the sixty ninth Olympiad about the year of Rome 250. Aristagoras with twenty Athenian Ships took and burnt it After this it was rebuilt and passed under the Empire of the Greeks In the year of Rome 540. Antiochus conquered it In S. John the Apostle's time it received Christianity but for its inconstancy therein became one of the Subjects of his Revelations and now utterly ruined It was a Bishops See Sarduni Planasia an Island on the Coast of Provence in the Mediterranean Sea Sare Sarvus a River of the Low-Countries called Sara by Venantius Fortunatus by the Germans die Saare by the French Sare it ariseth in Mount Vauge in the Borders of Lorain and Alsatia near the Town of Salme and running Northward it watereth Sareck Serwerdon S. Jean Sarsberg and a little above Trier from the South-East falls into the Moselle Sarepta an ancient City of Phoenicia in Syria which was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Tyre Now called Sarafends or Saphet The Prophet Elias miraculously augmented the Widows Oyl and raised her dead Son to life at this place according to the History of the Old Testament Sargasso or Mar do Sargasso is that part of the Ocean which lies betwixt the Islands of Cape Verde the Canaries and the Continent of Africa so called by the Portugueze Sargathia the Asiatick Tartary a vast Country in Asia Sarisbury or Salisbury or New Sarum Sarisberia Sorviodunum Sarviodunum Severia is the principal City of Wiltshire seated in the North-West part of that County near the Borders of Hampshire and Dorsetshire upon the Rivers of Willey and Alan united into one Stream and falling presently into the Avon in such sort as that most of the Streets of this City have a Stream commodiously running through the midst of them This was anciently a Roman Town by the name of Sorbiodunum seated on a high Hill and therefore destitute of Water Kinrick King of the West Saxons was the first of that Race who possessed it after a Defeat of the Britains in 553. Canutus the Dane much damaged it by Fire in 1003. In the Reign of William the Conquerour it recovered after Herman Bishop of Shirburn had removed the See hither whose next Successor Osman built the Cathedral William the Conquerour summoned hither all the States of England to take an Oath of Allegiance to him Since those times the City is removed Northward and come down into the Plains nearer the Avon Here there was a second Cathedral begun by Richard Poore Bishop of this See in 1218. Finished by Bridport the third Bishop from Poore in 1258. which is one of the greatest and most beautiful Churches in England Having twelve Gates fifty two Windows three hundred sixty five Pillars great and small answering to the Months Weeks and Days of the year The glory of this Diocese was the most Learned and Industrious Bishop John Jewel consecrated Jan. 21. 1559. died Sept. 23. 1571. In 1153. Patrick d'Eureux was created Earl of Salisbury and his Son William succeeded in that Honour In 1â—97 William Long-espee a Natural Son to Henry II. by the beautiful Râ—samond marrying Ella the Daughter of William d' Eureux had this Honour In 1333. William d' Montacute King of Man became the fifth Earl whose Male Line in four Descents enjoyed the Honour till the year 1428. when it passed to Richard Nevil who married Eleanor the Daughter of Thomas Montacute Lord Chancellour In 1472. George Duke of Clarence second Brother to Edward IV. had it in Marriage with Isabel Daughter of Richard Nevil the second Earl of that Line In 1477. Edward eldest Son of Richard III. married Ann the second Daughter of the said Richard and had this Honour In 1514. Margaret Daughter of George Duke of Clarence was by Henry VIII created Countess of Salisbury In 1605. Robert Lord Cecil was by James I. created Earl of Salisbury in which Line it still is Sarlat Sarlatum a City of Aquitain in France in the Province of Perigort which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Bourdeaux It stands upon a River of the same Name one League from the Dordonne betwixt the Dordogne and the Vezere as it were in an Island eight from Perigueux to the South-East and thirty from Bourdeaux to the North-East Made a Bishops See by Pope John XXII in 1317. by the change of its ancient Benedictine Abbey into a Cathedral having before been a part of the Diocese of Perigueux It is so strongly situated as to withstand two Sieges in the Civil Wars in 1652. Sarmatia and Sauromatia This vast Region in ancient Geography was divided into Sarmatia Asiatica Europaea and Germanica Sarmatia Asiatica lay properly towards the Borders of Europe and Asia with the Northern Ocean to the North the Pontus Euxinus to the South Scythia to the East and Sarmatia Europaea to the West now contained in the Northern Muscovia in the Provinces of Samoyeda Duina Permski Lucomeria c. Sarmatia Europea had for Bounds both the other Sarmatia's with the Euxine Sea making now Russia And Sarmatia Germanica took up the greatest part of the present Kingdom of Poland being divided from the European Sarmatia by the Nieper to the East from the Borders of Germany by the Vistula to the West from Dacia by the Neister and the Carpathian Mountains to the South with the Baltick Sea and the Gulph of Finland to the North. Sarnagans Sarnagan Sargans Serlandt a Town and County in Switzerland subject to the seven
Country is very fruitful and rich has Mines of Gold and Silver especially about Zerbenick Herzegovina and Rascia are the two principal Parts of it Sessanne Sesanna a small City in La Brie a Province of France in the Borders of Champagne 13 Leagues from Troyes to the North and 24 from Paris to the East of late years it suffered much by fire but now rebuilding Some have written it Sezania Sesans or Sezans Cincomagus an ancient Roman Town in Dauphine two Leagues from Brianzon to the East at the foot of the Cottian Alpes La Sesia Sesites a River of Lombardy which springeth out of the Pennine Alpes and flowing between the Dukedom of Milan and the Principality of Piedmont watereth Varallo Romagnano and Vercelli then falls into the Po six Miles below Casale Sessa Suessa Aurunca an ancient City in Italy in the Terra di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Capua from which it stands sixteen Miles to the West and twenty from Gaeta to the East in a very fruitful soil for Wine and Corn. Honored with the Title of a Dukedom Sesto Sestos Sestus a Town and Fortress upon the Coast of Romania in Europe on this side the Hellespont opposite to Abydos in Asia on the other These two Fortresses guard the Passage of the Archipelago into the Sea of Marmora See Abydos Sestula the chief Town of the Territory of Frignana in the Dukedom of Modena in Italy towards the Borders of the Bolognese Sestri the name of two Towns in the States of Genoua in Italy to the East and West of the City Genoua Setia a City in the Isle of Candy called by the Greeks Sitia which though very small is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Candy It stands on a Peninsula on the East side of the Island under the Turks Sethie Dicte an Island on the East of Candy thought by the Pagans to have been the place where Jove was Nursed Now also called Lassiti and il Monte di Setia Setines the vulgar Name of Athens by a Corruption of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 See Athens Settalia Pamphylia a Province in the Lesser Asia upon the Mediterranean Sea between Cilicia to the East and Lycia to the West Settle a Market Town in the West Riding of Yorkshire in the Hundred of Staincliff upon the River Rible Sevenoke a Market Town in the County of Kent in Sutton Lath which hath a Hospital and a Free-School founded in 1418. by William Sevenoke a Lord Mayor of London Les Sevennes Cemmenus Gebenna a Mountain in France which runs a Course of thirty Leagues between Rovergne and Givaudan two Provinces of France to the West the Switzers and le Velay to to the East These Mountains begin near the Fountains of the Loyre in the Province of Vivarais and are extended as far as Rovergue and the Borders of the Lower Languedoc Towards Paris they are very fruitful and well inhabited The rest is more barren and besides the Rivers which spring from it and its being a Boundary of no great advantage Seven-waldt Seven-walden Baduhennae Lucus a Forest in Friseland Severino Acmonia a City built by Severus the Roman Emperor upon the Danube near Trajanus his Bridge twelve German Miles from Temeswaer to the North-East Severne Sabrina one of the noblest Rivers of England which ariseth in the County of Montgomery in Wales near Plynllimon Hill and flows at first East as far as Llandois then turning North-East it watereth New-town and leaving Montgomery to the East passeth by Welsh-Pool to the borders of Shropshire taking in the Tanot before it entereth that County So passeth South-West to Shrewsbury and Worcester beneath which the Temde and at Tewkesbury the Avon come in passing to Glocester it becomes by that time very great and beneath that City it has never a Bridge over it So parting Monmouthshire to to the North from Gloucestershire to the South it entereth the Irish Sea by a vast and stately Mouth liker an Arm of the Sea than a part of a River fifteen English Miles broad between Nash-point in Glamorganshire and Lintow in Devonshire Sevilla de Oro a deserted Town in the North part of the Island of Jamaica which has a good Harbor upon the Gulph of Mexico but little frequented by the English The Spaniards were the Founders of it Seville Hispalis Ispalis and Hispalis ad Baetim a City of Spain called by the Spaniards Sevilla great rich and populous the Capital of the Lower Andalusia and an Archbishop's See seated upon the River Guadalquivir upon which it has a frequented Harbor There belongs also to it an University a Court of Inquisition an old Castle called Alcaser and a large Suburb called Triana It is one of the ancientest Cities in Spain ascribed to Hercules as its Founder which shews it to be a Phoenician City The Moors conquered it in the year of Christ 713 and held it five hundred thirty four years In 1248 it was recovered by Ferdinando out of the hands of the Moors after a siege of sixteen Months since that time two of the Kings of Castile were born here viz. Ferdinand IV. and Henry II. Ferdinand III. died here in 1252 Alphonsus X. in 1284. When the Spaniards took it from the Moors there belonged to it a very populous Territory being seated in a very fruitful Plain but by the Banishment of the Moors it is become almost desolate Long. 14. 30. Lat. 37. 25. The West-Indian Fleets for the most part land their Merchandise at this City the Form of whose situation is almost round The Metropolitan Church passes for the largest in all Spain You see a great number of Colleges Chappels and Religious Houses besides with Palaces Grand Places and Fountains adorning them whose Streams by an Aquaduct are fetched the space of five or six Leagues from the City In the years 590 and 619 two noted Councils were celebrated here Isidore Bishop of Sevil rendered both the See and the City famous in his time The Spaniards proverbially say Qui no ha visto Sevilla no ha visto Maravilla He that hath not seen Sevill hath not seen a Wonder § Near this Sevill in the same Andalusia stood the ancient City of Italica whence the Poet Silius its Native as many write was denominated Italicus and which had the honour of giving Birth to three Roman Emperors Trajan Adrian and Theodosius senior The place of its ruines now is known by the Name of Sevilla la Vieja or Old Sevill La Seure Separa a double River in Poictou in France 1. La Seure Nantois watereth Mortagne in Poictou and Nantes in Bretagne then falls into the Loyre 2. La Seure Niortois ariseth above S. Maixant and watering Niort Mallezais and Marans falls into the Bay of Aquitain Sewer Surius Suirius a River which ariseth in the County of Tipperary in the Borders of Leinster in Ireland and watering Casshel Caryck and Waterford falls into the Boyne on the South of Ireland
Region of the ancient Asia betwixt the Two Scythia's Margiana Bactriana and the Caspian Sea now answering to the Province of Mawralnaher or Maurenhaer in the Asiatick Tartary North-East of Persia Soisons Suessiones Suessia Civitas Augusta Suessionum an ancient Roman City in the Isle of France which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Reims and the Capital of a County called Le Soissonnois A great fine strong City seated upon the River Aisne which divides it five Leagues from the Confines of Picardy eleven from Reims to the West and twenty two from Paris Pepin was first proclaimed King of France in this City in 752. Soissonnois the District belonging to it was heretofore a part of Picardy it lies between Reims to the East Picardy to the North Valois to the West and Le Brie to the South It took this name from the Suessones an old Gallick Tribe which inhabited it before the Roman Conquest Honoured for many Ages with the Title of an Earldom The City hath six Abbeys in it besides Churches and divers Ecclesiastical and Religious Houses In 853. a Council was assembled at it in the presence of Charles the Bald King of France Solane Solana a small River in Aquitain in France which in the Province of Limosine falls into the Courezze by the City of Tulle Solao Salaca a Province of the Higher Aethiopia near the River Tacaz between the Kingdom of Bagamidra to the South and the Province of Arbagela to the North. Soldin the same with Seleusia Pieria a City of Syria Soleurre Salodurum Salodorum a City of Switzerland which is the Capital of a Canton called by its name The Natives call it Soleurre the Germans Solothurn the Italians Soloduro It stands upon the River Arola seven Miles from Basil to the South and from Friburg to the North and five from Berne to the same The Canton is the eleventh in the number small and Roman Catholick Solfarin a small Seigniory or Lordship in Mantoua Solms Solmia a County in Germany which has its Name from a ruined Town on the River Lohne It lies extended from North to South part in Westerwaldt and part in Weteraw between Hassia to the East and Treves to the West under its own Count whose Residence is in the Castle of Brunsfeld Soloe or Soli the Birth-place of the ancient Greek Poet Aratus This City is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Seleucia It stands in Cilicia in Asia Minor and took for some time the name of Pompeiopolis from its re-establishment by Pompey the Great Pliny mentions it upon the account of a Fountain it anciently had of an extraordinary quality Now called Palesoli Sologne Solonia Sicalonia a small Province under the Prefecture of Orleans by Latin Writers also called Secalonia Sigalonia Siligonta and Sabulonia being a Sandy Country particularly fruitful in Wheat and Rice It lies between the Provinces of Orleans Berry and Blaisois but its proper Limits are lost The principal Town in it is Romorentin eight Leagues from Bois South and fourteen from Bourges North. The Islands of Solomon a Mass of great Islands in the Pacifick Sea towards New Zelandt discovered by Alvarez Mendoza in 1567. but little frequented by the Europeans The names of some of them are S. George S. Mark S. Nicholas S. Anne S. Catherine the Three Maries S. James S. Christopher S. Jerome c. Solothurn See Soleure Solpe a City and Bishop's See in the Province called Capitanota in the Kingdom of Naples Solsona a City in Catalonia in Spain which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Tarragona made such in 1593. by Pope Clement VIII It stands upon the River Cordoner at the foot of the Mountains about three Leagues from Cardona to the North. A small ill peopled Place though it has been fortified by the French Soltwedel Heliopolis Solvedelia a City in the ancient Marquisate of Brandenburg upon the River Jetz eight German Miles from Vlcan to the East and ten from Havelburg The Inhabitants report it was built by Charles the Great after he had destroyed a Statue of the Sun which was worshipped in this Place Solwey Fryth Ituna an Arm of the Irish Sea which parts England from Scotland Somersetshire Belgae Durotriges Somersetia is a rich populous and fruitful County in the West of England Bounded on the North by the Severne Sea and Glocestershire cut off by the Severne on East by Wiltshire on the South by Dorsetshire and part of Devonshire on the West by Devonshire and the Irish Sea It contains in length from East to West fifty Miles in breadth forty in circuit two hundred and four wherein lie three hundred eighty five Parishes and thirty Market Towns The Air is mild and gentle in the Summer the Roads are extremely miry and deep in the Winter which is recompenced by the Fertility of the Soil yielding Corn and Grass in great plenty nor is it destitute of Mines of Lead Whence comes the usual Proverb here What is worse for the Rider is best for the Abider These Mines are found particularly in Mendip-Hills It has also a Rock called S. Vincent's Rock where are found great plenty of Diamonds equal to those of India in their Lustre but not in hardness It has three Noble Cities Bristol Bath and Wells all which are discoursed of in their proper places The Rivers Parret Tor Tone Frome and others water it besides the Severne's Mouth The first Earl of this County was William de Mohun created in 1138. The second Willam Long-Espee Base Son to Henry II. in 1197. The third Reginald de Mohun in 1296. The fourth John de Beauford in 1396. In which Family it continued till 1471. in six Descents The tenth was Edmond third Son of Henry VI. in 1496. The eleventh Henry Fitz Roy a Base Son of Henry VIII The twelfth Edward Seymor Lord Protector of Edward VI. created Duke in 1546. beheaded in 1552. The thirteenth was William Carre in 1614. The fourteenth William Seymor Marquess of Hartford restored to his Great-Grand father's Title of Duke of Somerset by Charles II. in 1660. since which time there have been five Descents in this Family Somerton a Market Town in Somersetshire The Capital of its Hundred of great consideration heretosore when it is said to have given Name to its County Somme or Some Phrudis Somona Samara a River in Picardy in France which ariseth in a place called Fon Somme in Vermandois two Leagues from S. Quintin to the West and running West watereth Han Peronne Corbie Amiens Abbeville and S. Valery where it falls into the British Sea twelve French Leagues South of Boulogne over against Rye in Sussex having divided Picardy into two parts Sommiers Sommeria a small City in the Lower Languedoc upon the River Vidole four Leagues from Mompellier to the South-East and the same distance from Nismes Once a fortified City Songo a City of the Kingdom of Madingua in the division of Nigritia in Africa Sonneburg one of the chief Towns in the Island
in the Province of Auvergne in France Tirol Tirolis Teriolium is the most Southern Province of Germany called by the Natives Tyrol Bounded on the North by the Dukedom of Bavaria on the East by the Bishoprick of Saltzburg on the South by the States of Venice and on the West by the Grisons and Swiss It took this name from an ancient but ruined City upon the River Adige or Etsch which with the Inne water this County and from this last it is sometimes called Etschelandt The Tridentine Alpes divide it also into almost equal parts The chief Places in it are Inspruck and Inthal This County fell to Albert and Leopold Dukes of Austria by Inheritance in 1366 and is still in that Family It is accounted the greatest County in Europe though Mountainous yet it abounds in Mines and Game There is also in it Trent famous for the late Council Bixen and a Place of great Trade called Bolzan Tisindon Andanius Bagrada a River in Persia which falls into the Persian Gulph over against the Isle of Ormus The latter Maps place it more to the South than Ormus Tivedale Teviotia a County in the South of Scotland in the Borders of England between Twedal and Marche to the North Northumberland to the South and Annandale to the West The principal Places in it are Jedburgh and Roxburgh Tiverton a Market Town and Borough represented in Parliament by two Burgesses at the fall of the River Leman into the Ex. The Capital of its Hundred in Devonshire Tivoli Tibur an ancient City in the States of the Church in Campagna di Roma upon the River Teverone eighteen Miles from Rome to the East It is a Bishops See under the Pope Honoured with a noble Palace and Gardens belonging to the Cardinal de Este A Synod was held at it in 1636. The Sibylla called Tiburtina from this City is supposed to have possessed a Vault amongst the neighbouring Rocks in the Teverone which discover some remains of a small Oratory Tivy Tuerobius a River of Wales which at Cardigan falls into the Irish Sea between the Counties of Cardigan and Pembroke Tlafcala a City and Province in New Spain in America Called likewise los Angeles Tmolus See Tomalitze Toam Tuam Tuama a City of the County of Clare in Conaught in Ireland call'd also Towmond which in ancient times was the Capital of that Province but now reduced to a mere Village It is an Archbishops See still and gives the Title of an Earl Twenty two Miles from Gallway to the South Tobolsk Tobolium the Capital City of Siberia a Province of Russia Built of late by the Moscovites upon a River of its own Name and the Yrtim which latter falls with a rapid Stream into the Obb. Tocat Tochata the Capital City of Cappadocia an Archbishops See and the Residence of the Turkish Governour called of old Neocaesarea It is great strong and populous upon the River Casal forty five German Miles from Trebisonde to the South-West Long. 63. 28. Lat. 43. 58. The Province is now called by this Name Todi Tuder Tudertum a City of Ombria in the Dutchy of Spoleto upon the Tiber twenty Miles from Perugia to the North and the same distance from Narnia to the South a Bishops See and a City of great Antiquity Pope Martin I. was its Native Tokay Tokaeum a City of the Vpper Hungary at the Confluence of the Bodroch and the Tibiscus in an Island and thereupon subject to be overflow'd It is withal a strong Place has a very strong Castle and in a fruitful Country which produceth an excellent sort of Wine Thirty Miles from Cassovia to the South and as many from Agria to the East Being taken by the Turks it was recovered by the Imperialists in 1564. In 1682. it submitted to Tekely In 1685. it was retaken by the Imperial Forces This City was granted to Bethlehem Gabor Prince of Transylvania by Ferdinand II in 1620. Toledo Toletum Toletum in Carpetanis a City of Castile in Spain which was the Capital of Hispania Tarraconensis and the Seat of the Gothick Kings In 705. taken by the Moors and one of their Royal Cities till retaken by Alphonsus VI. King of Castile in 1085 After which it became the Capital of New Castile the Seat of the Courts of Law had the Archbishops See and Primacy of Spain restored to it This Archbishop has nineteen Suffragan Bishops esteemed one of the greatest and richest Prelates in Christendom It stands on a Rock in a pleasant Valley in the middle of Spain upon the Tajo Tagus with a Castle and is one of the strongest noblest and most pleasant Cities in Spain but in a declining condition and not inhabited by above eight thousand Souls It has twenty seven Parishes thirty eight Monasteries and a noble Water-work made by the Order of Philip II. in 1565. Charles V. built a Palace in this City Twelve Miles from Madrid to the South Long. 16. 40. Lat. 40. 02. Many of the Kings of Spain have been born in this City twenty four Councils and Synods are reckoned to have been Celebrated at it The first and one of the most remarkable in 400. or 447 by the order of P. Leo proceeded against the Doctrins of the Priscillianists Tolen a Town in Zeeland in the Vnited Netherlands Tolentino Tolentinum a City in the Marcia Anconitana in the States of the Church which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Fermo by the Institution of Pope Sixtus V. in 1586. Since which it hath been united with the See of Macerata in the same Province It is little but indifferently populous upon the River Chienti Ten Miles from Macerata to the North-West towards Camerino fifteen Tolne Tolna a City in the Lower Hungary a little beneath Colocza upon the Danube six Hungarian Miles from Simathorne to the East and the same distance from Esseck to the North. In the Emperours Hands Tolosa Tolosetta Tolosa a Town in Spain in the Province of Guipuscoa at the foot of the Pyrenean Hills upon the River Orio four Leagues from S. Sebastian to the East A Place of good Consideration Tolose Tholouse Tolosa Tolosatium Tolosa Tectosagum a City of Aquitain of great Antiquity the Capital of the Province of Languedoc in France the Seat of the Parliament an Archbishops See and an University It stands upon the Garonne over which it has a beautiful Stone-bridge eight Leagues from Montauban to the South eleven from Aux to the East and twenty two from Narbonne to the West This Archbishoprick was taken out of that of Narbonne by Pope John XXII in 1317. The University Founded in 809. The second of note in that Kingdom The Parliament was opened here in 1302. in the time of Philip le bel and re-established by Cha. VII King of France Near this City it is supposed the dreadful Battel was fought between Attila King of the Huns and Aetius the Roman Lieutenant in the Year of Christ 451 in which there perished five hundred thousand
Champagne sixteen from Reims North and four from Marle South often mentioned on the account of a Peace here made between Henry IV. of France and Philip II. of Spain May 2. 1598. Uerâ—lam Verolamium an ancient Roman City and Colony mentioned by Tacitus and Ptolemy in Hartfondshire the Royal City of Cassibellanus a British Prince contemporary with Julius Caesar by whom this City was taken fifty two years before the Birth of our Saviour in his second Expedition into Britain In the year of Christ 66. it was taken and intirely ruined by Boadicia Queen of the Iceni and all the Romans put to the Sword yet it recovered again and flourished as long as the Romans continued in Britain and under Dioclesian had one famous Martyr called Albanus In 429 there was a British Synod held here by S. German Bishop of Auxerre in France against the Pelagians Soon after it fell into the Hands of the Saxons I suppose about 465. Retaken by Vthe Pendragon who began his Reign in 498. and Reigned eighteen years Again retaken by the Saxons and intirely ruined In 975. Offa King of the Mercians built on the other side the little River Ver which washed the Walls of it a goodly Monastery in Honour of S. Alban which after became a great Town K. James I. revived the Memory of this place when he made Sir Francis Bacon then Lord Chancellour of England Lord Verulam in 1620 who dying without Issue the Title failed but he yet honors the place by lying buried in a little Church near it Veruli or Veroli Verulum a City in Campania di Roma under the Dominion of the Pope which is a Bishops See and now in a tolerable condition upon the River Cosa forty eight Miles from Rome to the South and from Capua to the North sixty from Pescara West Vesere See Weser Vesle Vidula a River of Champagne which ariseth three Leagues from Chaalons to the East and watering Reims falls into the Aisne Vesoul Vesulum a small but neat City in the Franche Comté nine Leagues from Besanzon and thirteen from Beaucaire West Now in the Possession of the French Vesprin Vesprinum Vesprimium a City of the Lower Hungary called by the Inhabitants Vesprim by the Germans Weisbrun It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Gran. The Capital of a County of the same name strong and populous and defended by a Castle Seated on the River Sarwize eleven German Miles from Gran South and five from Alba Regalis West This has been in the hands of the Emperour ever since 1565. Vesulus one of the Cottian Alpes betwixt Dauphine to the West and Piedmont to the East Now called Mont viso The River Po derives its head from it Vesuvius a Vulcanoe in the Terra di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples eight Miles from the City Naples near the Castle of Somma from which last place the Italians give it the name of il Monte di Somma The particular times of its overflowing with stormes of fire are all recorded in History since our Saviour and the Reign of Augustus viz. in the years 81. 243. 421. 985. 973. 983. 1036. 1038. 1138. 1139. 1430. 1500. 1631 1660. 1682. Where the Intervals sometimes continue two or three hundred years at others not above one two and ten In its last rupture in 1682. Aug. 14. it covered the whole Dukedom of Massa adjacent with ashes of a nauseous odour and set on fire the wood of Otajano The twentieth it caused an Earthquake of three hours continuance which reached to Naples The twenty second it cast forth floods of smoak ashes coals attended with a roaring noise Flames Earthquake and Thunder the Flames ran from it unextinguished in the midst of vast storms of Rain filling Naples with Ashes And on the 24th it ended in a cloud of white ashes Before the Reign of Augustus we read of its ruptures five times The Elder Pliny was suffocated as he searched the causes thereof upon the place Veteravie See Weteraw Veuxin Vexin Velocasses a Territory in Normandy betwixt the Rivers Apte and Ardelle the Capital of which was Roan but now Gisors § There is another in the Isle of France of the same name between the Oyse and the Apte the Capital of which is Pontoise This for distinction is called Vexin Francois and the other Vexin Normand § There is a City of the same name in Gothland in the Kingdom of Sweden Vezelay Veseliacum Vizeliacum a City in the Dukedom of Burgundy in Auxerre upon the River Curez in the Borders of Nivernois ten Leagues from Auxerre to the South eighteen from Nevers to the South-East and five from Corbie in Picardy to which Province this City is now added P. Eugenius III. celebrated a Council here in 1145. for the recovery of the Holy Land Vgenti Vgento Vxentum a small City in the Province of Otranto in the Kingdom of Naples twenty Miles from Otranto to the North-West and eleven from Gallipoli to the East Long. 42. 28. Lat. 39. 56. Vgogh Vgoza a County in the Vpper Hungary towards the Tibiscus and the Borders of Transylvania The Capital of it is a Castle of the same name Two German Miles from Zatmar to the East and a little more from the Tibiscus W. Viana a City in Navarre upon the River Ebro thirteen Leagues from Pampelune and seven from Calahorra in Castile to the South-West Built by Sancius King of Navarre in 1219. In 1423. made a Principality by Charles III. and ever after given to the Prince of Navarre as his Title Viatka a City River and Province in Muscovy one hundred and twenty Miles from Cazan to the North. Viburg Viburgum a City in Sweden the Capital of Carelia and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Riga one hundred and sixty Miles from Narva to the North upon the Bay of Finland on which it has a Haven and a strong Castle The Muscovites have several times in vain assaulted it Vicenza or Vincenza Vicentia Vicetia Vincentia a City in the States of Venice in Lombardy which is a Bishops See under the Patriarch of Aquileja a great strong City under the Republick of Venice upon the River Bachiglione Eighteen Miles from Padoua thirty from Verona East and from Feltria South Taken by Maximilian in 1509. Long. 33. 40. Lat. 44. 50. It was inhabited anciently by the Euganei The Gauls were Benefactors to it The Romans and the Lombards possessed it each in the times of their Power It fell to the Venetians not till after great revolutions and divers Wars The pleasantness of its situation gives it the Title of the Garden of Venice It is the Capital of the Territory of the Vincentine In 1583. and 1623. Synods were assembled here Vich Vicus Aquae Voconiae Ausa Nova Corbio a small City in Catalonia which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Tarragona Seated upon the River Tera twelve Leagues from Barcellone to the North and nine from Girone to the West In 1627. a Synod was
against which the Turks spent twenty thousand Cannon Shot and at last took it to their no great advantage In the middle of the Eastern Haven stands the Castle of S. Angelo upon a Rock this and Burgo quelled the fury of the Turks and prevented their Triumph over Malta Though the Inhabitants exceed not twenty thousand yet it is not able to supply them with Necessaries but that the fertil Sicily is so near from which they have much of their Provisions They have some fresh-water Fountains the Rain that falls they reserve in Cisterns and have always three years Provisions beforehand kept under ground The Great Master of the Order of the Knights of Malta at present is Alarame de Vignecourt chosen in Aug. 1690. The City Malta is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Palermo in Sicily and the Residence of the Grand Prior of the Church also now the Capital of the Island which last honour formerly was enjoy'd by Citta Vecchia another Episcopal City in the middle of Malta Several small Islands adjacent the Principal are Gozo Comini and Farfara depend upon the Grand Master as their Soveraign The illustrious Order of the Knights of this place is composed of eight Nations amongst which England was the sixth in rank before the Reformation To each Nation there belongs a Grand Prior The Persons incorporated are divided into three Estates of Knights Ecclesiasticks and Servans des Armes or Esquires all vowing celibacy Some out of both the two first have been known advanced to the Dignity of Cardinals and the Sons of Kings and Princes have adorned the rank of the Knights This Island produces no Wine nor Corn but Cotton Oates and delicious Fruits in Plenty § There is another Island Malta in the Adriatick belonging to Dalmatia and called by the Sclavonians Milet by others Meleda The Miletaeus Catellus a Proverb for a Lap-dog is derived from the little Dogs of this latter place according to Athenaeus Long. 39. 25. Lat. 34. 40. Malvasia Epidaurus an Archiepiscopal City of the Morea on the Eastern Shoar in the Province of Tzaconia near the most South-Eastern Cape called Cape Maleo built upon a Rock which advanced position gives it an agreeable Prospect both by Sea and Land This Rock is surrounded by the Sea on all sides being only joined to the Continent by a Timber Bridge yet has Nature provided it a fresh and clear Fountain of good Water sufficient to serve the City and their Gardens it is approachable only on one side that is on the South which is secured by a triple Wall of great strength In the times of the Greek Idolatry it was famous for a Temple of Esculapius much frequented It was ravished from the Greek Emperors by the Venetians and French about the year 1204. The Emperors recovered it again from William a French Baron to whom it was given by the Latins but he returning to Venice freely resigned his Right to that State whereupon the Venetians sent a powerful Fleet and regained the Possession of it which they kept till the year 1537. when they were forced to surrender it to the Turks to purchase a Peace In the times of the late Wars in Candy the Venetians took this Town by Storm plundered burnt and then left it after they had put most of the Inhabitants to the Sword and carried away the Cannon The Turks rebuilt it General Morosini bombarded it in his way to Athens Sept. 1687. Afterwards it was blockaded then besieged At last it surrendered to General Cornaro Sept. 12. 1690. whereby the whole Morea stands now reduced under the Dominion of the States of Venice They found in it seventy three Pieces of Cannon and above one hundred and thirty Christian Slaves recovered their Liberty Long. 50. 00. Lat. 38. 30. Mamertini an ancient People of the Island Samos in the Icarian Sea said afterwards to establish themselves at Messina in Sicily Whence the Messenii have the Name also of Mamertini and the Sea adjacent of Fretum Mamertinum Mamotta Arabia Foelix Man Eubonia Monaaeda Monapia Monavia Mona an Island in the Irish Sea between Lancashire to the East and Vlster to the West The Welsh call this small place Menow the Inhabitants Maing the English Man It lies in length from North to South thirty Italian Miles its greatest breadth is fifteen It has seventeen Parish Churches brings forth Flax Hemp and Corn in plenty affords more Cattle than they need especially Sheep they have no Fewel but Turff In the middle it swelleth into Hills from the highest of which Sceafull by Name in a clear day may be seen England Scotland and Ireland The chief Town is Russin seated at the South End of the Island which has a Garrisoned Castle it has also a Bishop who is stiled Sodorensis and is now under the Archbishop of York This Island was first possessed by the Britains after them succeeded the Scots about the times of Honorius and Arcadius these were driven out by Cuneda Grandfather of Maglocunus stiled by Gildas the Dragon of the Islands Edwin King of Northumberland Conquered it next for the Saxons about 618. The Danes being driven out of England by Harold they were invited Hither by one Godred Corvan who had been entertained in his flight in the Isle of Man This Dane brought over his Country Men three times successively invaded it before he could master the Inhabitants but then prevailing he became King of Man soon after the time William of Normandy conquered England This Race of Kings continued to 1270. about two hundred years about which time Robert the King of the Scots having succeeded Alexander who had purchased the Hebrides of the King of Denmark made another Conquest of the Isle of Man which was one of the last they gained the Possession of After this sometimes the Scots sometimes the English were Masters of it till in 1340. William Montacute Earl of Salisbury descended from Mary the Daughter of Reginald the last King of Man finally drove out the Scots and in 1393. sold it to William Scrope who being beheaded for Treason Henry IV. granted it to Henry Percy Earl of Northumberland about 1400. He likewise forseiting it this Prince granted it to Sir John Stanley whose Successor in 1486. was by Henry VII created Earl of Darby And in this Family it still is wiâ—h the Title of Lord of Man being possessed by William Earl of Darby the Grandchild of James who in 1651. was beheaded for his Loyalty to Charles II. After which the Rebels by force reduced the Island under them it was restored to this Family in 1660. by Charles II. The Language here spoken is different from that of all His Majesties other Dominions being a mixture of Scotch Irish Danish and English but the Southern part nearer to the Scotch and the Northern to the Irish The first Bishop of Man is said to have been Amphibalus in 360. There are great Chasms in the Succession till 1203. and again from 1396. In 1505. Huamus
became Bishop of it from whom the present Bishop Dr. Levinz is the fourteenth and the twenty ninth of those whose Names are Recorded This Bishop is no Lord of the Parliament of England tho presented to the King for his Assent Royal and to the Archbishop of York for Consecration by reason he holds immediately not of the King but of the Lord of Man to whom under the Fief and Sovereignty of the King belongs the Right of Nomination Manar Manaria a small Island with a City on it which is in the Hands of the Hollanders it lies in the Streight between the Island of Ceylon and the Coast of Malabar in the East-Indies and gives Name to that Streight Long. 108. 30. Lat. 09. 33. Manceaux the People of Maine a Province in France La Mancha Lamitanus Ager a Province in the South of New Castile in Spain the Seat of the Oretani an ancient People of Spain mentioned by Strabo and Pliny It is divided into La Mancha d' Arragon and La Mancha Cieca La Manche Mare Britannicum the French Name of the British Sea lying between France and England Manchester Manduessedum a Town in the County of Warwick mentioned by Antoninus now a poor Village of about fourteen Houses one Mile from Atherstone to the South and eight from Covenventry to the North § Manchester Mancunium Manucium a very rich populous and beautiful Market-Town upon the East side of the River Spoden near the Borders of Cheshire at the South End of the County of Lancaster in the Hundred of Salford in which Thomas Lord de la Ware founded a a College This was an ancient Roman City and being ruined in the Saxon and Danish Wars was rebuilt by Edward the Elder about 920. The College has been since refounded and confirmed by Queen Elizabeth and is still in being There is also a Collegiate Church Charles I. added another Honour to this Place by creating Henry Montague Earl of Manchester in 1625. which Honour is now possessed by Edward Montague his Grand child the third Earl of this family Mandignan Hesperium Cornu Cape Verde the most Western Cape of Africa Mande Mimatium a City of Aquitain in Languedoc in France towards the Mountains of Sevennes and the Fountains of the River Lot Olda which is a Bishop See under the Archbishop of Alby called by some Latin Writers Anderitum and Gabalum the Capital of the Territory of Givaudan four Miles from Jaoux where are are the Ruins of that old City out of which this we are speaking of sprung being before only a Village at the Foot of this Mountain ten Leagues from S. Flour to the North East fourteen from from Rhodez to the East It stands in a mountainous but fruitful Soil and it is honoured with the Bones of S. Privatus a Martyr The Bishop enjoys divers great Privileges together with the Title of an Earl Mandinga a Kingdom in Nigritia in Africa betwixt the River Niger to the North and the Kingdom of Malaguette to the South its Capital City bearing the same Name Mandou a City and Kingdom in the Empire of the Great Mogul in the East Indies Mandoua a River in the Kingdom of Decam which falls by the City of Goa into the Indian Ocean See Goa Mandrerey a River in the Island of Madegascar it springs in a Territory of its own Name and greatned with the Currents of divers other Rivers discharges it self into the Ocean at the North of the Island near the Province of Carcanossi Manfredonia Sepontum Novum Manfredonia a City in the Province called the Capitanato in the Kingdom of Naples which is an Archbishops See and has this Name from Manfredus King of Naples Son of Frederick II. Emperor of Germany who built it about the year 1256. Not above two Miles from hence at the Foot of Mount Gargano are shewn the Ruins of Sepontum an old ruined Roman Town the See of which was Translated to Manfredonia It has a large Haven a strong Castle seated twenty five Miles from Nocera to the East and twenty two from the Mouth of the River Ofanto Aufidus to the North. Taken once by the Turks in the year 1620. and miserably defaced spoiled and ruined since in some degree repaired but the memory of that Calamity has made it little poor and not much inhabited A Provincial Council was assembled at it in 1567. Long. 40. 10. Lat. 41. 40. Mangalor Mangalora a City of the Kingdom of Bisnagar upon the Western Shoar which has a Castle and an Harbour upon the Indian Sea in a Tract called Canara towards Malabar Heretofore under the Portuguese This may possibly be the same with that the Ancients called Mandagara Long. 105. 00. Lat. 12 30. Mangresia Magnesia the Capital City of Caria a Province in the Lesser Asia near the River Maeander whence it was called Magnesia ad Maeandrum to distinguish it from some other Cities of the same Name Before this it was called Thessaloce and Androlitia as Pliny saith It stands near Mount Thorax seventy Miles from Smyrna to the North-East and twenty six from Ephesus Themistocles the Athenian died here in Banishment and Antiochus King of Syria sixty three years before the Birth of our Savour Long. 57. 00. Lat. 39. 00. Manhate the same with New Amsterdam in North America in New-Holland Manheim Manbemium a Fortress in the Lower Palatinate where the Rhine and the Necker meet grown up to a City whereas before it was only a Village Frederick IV. Elector Palatine in 1606. fortified it In 1622. the Spaniards took and dismantled it Being restored by the Treaty of Munster to this House Charles Lewis the last Elector resortified it It stands three German Miles from Spire to the North and as much from Heydelburgh to the West It has a very strong Castle called Friderichsbourgh near it upon the Rhine lies another called Eichelsheim now ruined in which John XXIII Pope was kept two years a Prisoner after he was deposed by the Council of Constance The French possessed themselves both of the City and Fortress Nov. 13. 1688. S. Manehu See S. Meneboult ◠Manifold a River of Staffordshire Manille Manilla the same with Lusson Maningtree or Manytree a Market Town in the County of Essex in the Hundred of Tendring Manissa Magnesia a City of Lydia in the Lesser Asia which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Smyrna twenty four Miles from Smyrna to the North West Now in a tolerable Condition under the Turks and the Capital of a Province Manoa el dorado a Town in South America in Guiana upon the Western Shoar of the Lake of Parime concerning which the Indians report great things but it was never yet seen by any European Manosque Manuesca a Town in Provence in France in the Diocese of Sisteron in a Plain one League from the River Durance belonging to the Order of the Knights of Malta by the Concession the ancient Counts of Forcalquier who had a Palace in it Some would have it to