livonia_n to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n gustavus_n adolphus_n but_o it_o be_v suspect_v that_o he_o intend_v to_o betray_v that_o king_n for_o soon_o after_o the_o say_v farenbach_n be_v reconcile_v to_o king_n sigismond_n to_o who_o he_o restore_v all_o the_o place_n except_o pernau_n turk_n in_o the_o year_n 1620_o the_o pole_n be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n against_o the_o turk_n foment_v as_o be_v suppose_v by_o bethlem_n gabor_n prince_n of_o transilvania_n for_o which_o the_o turk_n afterward_o endeavour_v to_o banish_v that_o prince_n for_o side_v with_o the_o pole_n in_o the_o year_n follow_v the_o turk_n march_v with_o their_o whole_a force_n against_o poland_n but_o be_v meet_v by_o the_o pole_n near_o chocim_fw-la under_o the_o command_n of_o prince_n vladistaus_n who_o with_o a_o army_n of_o about_o 65000_o man_n repulse_v above_o 392000_o turk_n command_v by_o their_o emperor_n osman_n in_o person_n the_o turk_n attempt_v three_o time_n to_o force_v the_o polish_v camp_n but_o be_v as_o often_o beat_v back_o with_o loss_n nevertheless_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o pole_n suffer_v extreme_o for_o want_n of_o ammunition_n and_o provision_n and_o beside_o be_v mighty_o weaken_v by_o sickness_n and_o a_o huge_a mortality_n among_o their_o horse_n notwithstanding_o all_o this_o at_o length_n the_o turkish_a emperor_n be_v force_v to_o strike_v up_o a_o honourable_a peace_n with_o they_o after_o have_v lose_v about_o 60000_o man_n in_o the_o several_a attack_n he_o make_v upon_o their_o camp_n and_o a_o great_a number_n in_o his_o march_n back_o to_o constantinople_n adolphus_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n gustavus_n adolphus_n fall_v into_o livonia_n take_v the_o city_n of_o riga_n without_o any_o great_a resistance_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o that_o country_n except_o dunneburgh_n be_v conquer_v likewise_o by_o the_o swede_n in_o the_o year_n 1625._o afterward_o gustavus_n enter_v prussia_n in_o the_o year_n 1626._o where_o he_o take_v the_o city_n of_o marienburg_n and_o elbing_n beside_o some_o other_o place_n this_o war_n be_v thus_o carry_v on_o without_o any_o general_a engagement_n till_o the_o year_n 1629_o when_o hans_n wrangel_n the_o swedish_n general_n defeat_v the_o pole_n near_o gorzno_n then_o the_o emperor_n send_v some_o force_n to_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o pole_n who_o in_o a_o battle_n fight_v near_o stuma_n be_v very_o near_o have_v make_v gustavus_n prisoner_n but_o however_o the_o polish_v affair_n after_o this_o battle_n fall_v into_o great_a confusion_n they_o be_v force_v to_o clap_v up_o a_o truce_n till_o the_o year_n 1634_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o charles_n the_o first_o king_n of_o england_n and_o of_o lewis_n the_o thirteen_o of_o france_n the_o swede_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n be_v to_o keep_v possession_n of_o elbing_n mcmel_n braunsberg_n pillau_n and_o what_o beside_o they_o have_v take_v in_o livonia_n death_n after_o this_o sigismond_n die_v the_o last_o day_n of_o april_n in_o the_o year_n 1632_o be_v sixty_o year_n old_a and_o have_v reign_v forty_o four_o character_n 89._o he_o have_v all_o the_o quality_n that_o can_v be_v require_v in_o a_o great_a prince_n he_o love_v justice_n and_o all_o the_o world_n commend_v his_o piety_n he_o be_v always_o of_o a_o even_a temper_n either_o in_o good_a or_o bad_a fortune_n and_o the_o lustre_n of_o the_o polish_v crown_n obtain_v when_o he_o be_v but_o young_a together_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n to_o his_o uncle_n may_v well_o have_v either_o exalt_v or_o debase_v he_o have_v he_o not_o have_v a_o great_a soul_n yet_o among_o all_o these_o good_a quality_n he_o be_v too_o much_o wed_v to_o his_o opinion_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o some_o misfortune_n that_o happen_v to_o he_o prince_n vladislaus_n be_v absent_a when_o his_o father_n sigismond_n fall_v sick_a yet_o he_o arrive_v at_o court_n just_a as_o he_o be_v expire_n who_o presence_n so_o much_o revive_v the_o king_n as_o to_o give_v he_o power_n to_o put_v the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n on_o his_o son_n head_n though_o he_o be_v to_o leave_v that_o of_o poland_n to_o chance_n this_o election_n be_v much_o election_n more_o peaceable_a than_o his_o father_n sigismund_n in_o that_o he_o have_v no_o competitor_n to_o oppose_v he_o some_o thought_n gustavus_n adolphus_n king_n of_o sweden_n have_v a_o design_n upon_o the_o crown_n and_o his_o boundless_a ambition_n join_v with_o the_o great_a number_n of_o his_o friend_n the_o lutheran_n disperse_v throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n may_v very_o well_o support_v that_o opinion_n yet_o the_o gentry_n of_o great_a poland_n which_o be_v most_o to_o be_v suspect_v on_o account_n of_o conformity_n in_o religion_n with_o he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o strive_v to_o exclude_v he_o for_o they_o declare_v those_o enemy_n to_o their_o country_n that_o shall_v in_o the_o least_o dare_v to_o propose_v he_o likewise_o at_o another_o assembly_n a_o palatin_n offer_v but_o to_o insinuate_v that_o it_o will_v be_v proper_a to_o choose_v a_o foreign_a prince_n the_o gentry_n be_v so_o unanimous_o offend_v at_o he_o that_o he_o be_v fain_o to_o retire_v betimes_o to_o avoid_v their_o fury_n also_o gustavus_n adolphus_n have_v then_o too_o many_o iron_n in_o the_o fire_n to_o draw_v any_o more_o enemy_n upon_o his_o back_n competitor_n john_n casimir_n brother_n to_o prince_n vladislaus_n be_v likewise_o suspect_v to_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o this_o conjecture_n have_v a_o more_o plausible_a foundation_n than_o the_o former_a these_o two_o prince_n be_v both_o son_n to_o sigismond_n iii_o yet_o have_v they_o not_o the_o same_o mother_n that_o of_o casimir_n do_v all_o she_o can_v to_o advance_v her_o son_n to_o the_o throne_n at_o the_o diet_n meet_v at_o thorn_n she_o endeavour_v to_o have_v a_o successor_n elect_v whilst_o the_o king_n be_v live_v whereupon_o she_o employ_v a_o certain_a bishop_n to_o propose_v her_o son_n but_o with_o which_o the_o diet_n be_v so_o extreme_o incense_v that_o they_o will_v have_v immediate_o try_v that_o prelate_n for_o infringe_v the_o public_a liberty_n have_v not_o more_o weighty_a affair_n intervene_v which_o cause_v they_o to_o lay_v those_o intention_n aside_o during_o this_o prince_n casimir_n do_v all_o he_o can_v to_o satisfy_v the_o public_a that_o he_o have_v no_o design_n upon_o the_o crown_n but_o that_o all_o his_o aim_n be_v to_o promote_v the_o interest_n of_o his_o elder_a brother_n call_v the_o primate_n john_n vezik_n have_v notify_v the_o death_n of_o the_o late_a king_n convene_v the_o diet_n on_o the_o 27_o the_o of_o june_n where_o the_o lutheran_n continue_v their_o cabal_n and_o faction_n as_o former_o but_o do_v not_o favour_v any_o of_o vladislaus_n his_o competitor_n as_o before_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n be_v fix_v for_o the_o 27_o the_o of_o september_n in_o the_o same_o year_n whither_o the_o gentry_n all_o flock_v at_o the_o time_n appoint_v but_o that_o more_o to_o ingratiate_v themselves_o in_o their_o prince_n vladislaus_n favour_n than_o to_o sell_v their_o suffrage_n one_o thing_n be_v propose_v at_o this_o diet_n which_o have_v it_o be_v follow_v may_v have_v deliver_v the_o kingdom_n from_o great_a oppression_n this_o be_v to_o digest_v the_o law_n into_o a_o code_n and_o to_o get_v the_o king_n elect_v to_o confirm_v it_o also_o to_o reform_v the_o many_o abuse_v creep_v into_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o law_n but_o this_o be_v too_o vigorous_o oppose_v by_o the_o interest_v party_n and_o therefore_o be_v fain_o to_o be_v let_v fall_n election_n hereupon_o the_o diet_n devote_v themselves_o whole_o to_o the_o election_n prince_n casimir_n first_o propose_v his_o brothervladislaus_n which_o henry_n firley_n bishop_n of_o premislia_n second_v by_o a_o speech_n to_o this_o purpose_n that_o though_o that_o assembly_n have_v a_o right_a to_o elect_v who_o they_o please_v yet_o they_o have_v ever_o have_v a_o particular_a regard_n to_o the_o offspring_n of_o their_o king_n that_o every_o body_n there_o acknowledge_v the_o candidate_n to_o be_v of_o the_o blood_n of_o jagello_n that_o even_o the_o merit_n of_o his_o father_n plead_v for_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o son_n that_o uladislaus_n his_o own_o conquest_n have_v sufficient_o testify_v his_o valour_n and_o last_o that_o a_o favourable_a result_n be_v to_o be_v expect_v from_o that_o assembly_n since_o each_o know_v as_o much_o of_o the_o merit_n of_o that_o prince_n as_o he_o this_o be_v courteous_o answer_v by_o the_o primate_n after_o which_o they_o proceed_v to_o admit_v the_o ambassador_n admit_v first_o honorius_n visconti_n the_o pope_n nuncio_n have_v audience_n who_o be_v place_v on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o primate_n first_o desire_v the_o assembly_n to_o choose_v a_o catholic_n prince_n and_o then_o recommend_v prince_n vladislaus_n next_o the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o emperor_n
minister_n have_v audience_n who_o promise_v in_o the_o name_n of_o his_o master_n two_o million_o to_o pay_v the_o army_n next_o to_o maintain_v always_o 4000_o man_n for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o state_n out_o of_o his_o own_o coffer_n and_o last_o to_o build_v three_o fortress_n on_o the_o frontier_n of_o poland_n as_o likewise_o to_o found_v a_o college_n for_o the_o polander_n in_o germany_n the_o prince_n of_o leixin_n who_o have_v audience_n next_o proffer_v almost_o the_o same_o on_o the_o part_n of_o his_o nephew_n the_o duke_n of_o lorain_n to_o which_o the_o abbot_n of_o riquet_n also_o add_v that_o the_o same_o prince_n for_o who_o he_o likewise_o speak_v be_v ready_a to_o dispute_v the_o crown_n in_o single_a combat_n with_o his_o opponent_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v obtain_v it_o by_o the_o most_o honourable_a mean_n but_o nevertheless_o the_o pride_n of_o the_o latter_a of_o these_o competitor_n have_v not_o better_a effect_n than_o the_o promise_n of_o the_o former_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o gentry_n be_v very_o impatient_a at_o the_o tediousness_n of_o the_o diet_n and_o at_o arise_v length_n be_v ready_a to_o go_v together_o by_o the_o ear_n when_o opalinski_n palatin_n of_o kalisch_n to_o appease_v the_o disorder_n make_v a_o elegant_a speech_n allege_v that_o it_o be_v mere_a madness_n for_o they_o to_o cut_v one_o another_o throat_n about_o choose_v of_o prince_n which_o they_o never_o see_v and_o that_o it_o will_v be_v more_o prudent_a to_o reject_v they_o both_o their_o birth_n and_o alliance_n with_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n be_v sufficient_a to_o merit_v their_o exclusion_n and_o proceed_v in_o his_o harangue_n he_o put_v they_o in_o mind_n that_o the_o austrian_a family_n provide_v they_o persist_v to_o make_v choice_n of_o a_o prince_n out_o of_o it_o may_v in_o all_o probability_n serve_v they_o as_o it_o have_v former_o do_v the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n and_o hungary_n and_o that_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o only_o unsafe_a but_o also_o contrary_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o their_o kingdom_n to_o have_v any_o thing_n to_o do_v with_o they_o hereupon_o the_o tumult_n begin_v something_o to_o abate_v which_o give_v he_o encouragement_n to_o go_v on_o and_o show_v that_o former_o when_o heat_n grow_v high_a a_o native_a meaning_n piastus_n have_v be_v choose_v who_o govern_v the_o kingdom_n so_o prudent_o that_o even_o at_o 120_o year_n of_o age_n his_o death_n be_v regret_v these_o speech_n precaution_n continue_v he_o our_o forefather_n have_v against_o the_o ambition_n envy_n or_o avarice_n of_o such_o as_o pretend_v to_o the_o crown_n let_v we_o therefore_o quoth_v he_o leave_v the_o duke_n of_o neuburg_n to_o govern_v his_o small_a estate_n and_o numerous_a family_n and_o let_v the_o duke_n of_o lorain_n exhaust_v his_o treasure_n to_o recover_v his_o paternal_a dominion_n for_o our_o part_n a_o piasto_n will_v be_v most_o proper_a for_o we_o as_o we_o may_v find_v by_o a_o serious_a reflection_n on_o these_o divine_a word_n admit_v ad_fw-la te_fw-la alienigenam_fw-la &_o subvertet_fw-la te_fw-la admit_v a_o stranger_n among_o you_o and_o he_o shall_v undermine_v and_o ruin_v you_o by_o these_o mean_v the_o palatin_n of_o kalisch_n have_v pretty_a well_o calm_v the_o turbulent_a spirit_n of_o the_o diet_n and_o moreover_o influence_v they_o with_o kind_a thought_n of_o a_o piasto_n he_o immediate_o post_v together_o with_o the_o palatin_n of_o posnania_n propose_v to_o wiesnowiski_n then_o at_o warsaw_n where_o find_v he_o in_o the_o church_n of_o the_o recollect_n they_o both_o earnest_o beg_v of_o he_o to_o accompany_v they_o to_o the_o field_n of_o election_n which_o request_n after_o some_o difficulty_n he_o comply_v with_o whereupon_o all_o three_o arrive_v while_o the_o partisan_n of_o the_o two_o competitor_n be_v ready_a to_o go_v together_o by_o the_o ear_n the_o palatine_n of_o kalisch_n and_o posnania_n take_v occasion_n to_o propose_v wiesnowiski_n and_o the_o illustrious_a house_n he_o be_v 109._o descend_v from_o soon_o determine_v the_o gentry_n in_o his_o favour_n it_o must_v be_v understand_v that_o wiesnowiski_n be_v not_o lineal_o of_o the_o race_n of_o jagello_n for_o that_o end_v with_o sigismundus_n augustus_n but_o collateral_o descend_v from_o korybuth_n jagello_n brother_n mr._n yard_n who_o go_v with_o sir_n peter_n wyche_n to_o compliment_n king_n michael_n on_o his_o accession_n to_o the_o throne_n tell_v i_o late_o that_o the_o palatin_n disappoint_v of_o culm_n acquaint_v they_o at_o warsaw_n that_o when_o michael_n be_v propose_v the_o intention_n be_v not_o to_o have_v he_o elect_a but_o only_o by_o propose_v of_o he_o to_o discover_v how_o far_o the_o diet_n will_v relish_v a_o native_a some_o of_o the_o great_a man_n among_o they_o have_v secret_a design_n to_o advance_v one_o of_o themselves_o to_o the_o throne_n but_o which_o they_o be_v unexpected_o disappoint_v in_o by_o the_o election_n of_o this_o poor_a prince_n wiesnowizki_n be_v not_o a_o little_a surprise_v when_o he_o hear_v himself_o name_v and_o which_o also_o increase_v upon_o he_o when_o they_o seat_v he_o by_o force_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o assembly_n and_o beg_v of_o he_o to_o accept_v the_o crown_n at_o first_o he_o crown_n burst_v out_o into_o tear_n and_o declare_v he_o be_v not_o capable_a to_o sustain_v so_o great_a a_o burden_n but_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o diet_n persist_v in_o their_o demand_n at_o length_n he_o think_v fit_a to_o acquiesce_v it_o and_o accept_v their_o proffer_v the_o duke_n of_o neuburg_n and_o lorain_n be_v hereby_o immediate_o deprive_v of_o their_o most_o profess_a friend_n but_o the_o lithuanian_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n accept_v of_o a_o prince_n they_o have_v not_o first_o name_v and_o therefore_o propose_v other_o this_o dissent_v of_o they_o occasion_v new_a disorder_n which_o grow_v so_o high_a that_o a_o gentleman_n speak_v his_o mind_n too_o free_o be_v cut_v to_o piece_n on_o the_o spot_n yet_o at_o length_n the_o latter_a be_v the_o weak_a side_n they_o be_v force_v to_o comply_v with_o the_o former_a and_o confirm_v prince_n wiesnowiski_n conform_v the_o primate_n not_o approve_v of_o this_o election_n retire_v to_o his_o castle_n of_o lowitz_n but_o the_o gentry_n threaten_v to_o force_v he_o and_o the_o senator_n entreat_v he_o to_o consent_v which_o at_o length_n he_o agree_v to_o and_o according_a to_o custom_n proclaim_v he_o it_o be_v say_v that_o whilst_o the_o palatin_n of_o kalisch_n be_v harangue_v a_o swarm_n of_o bee_n and_o a_o pigeon_n happen_v to_o fly_v over_o their_o head_n which_o the_o pole_n immediate_o take_v for_o a_o good_a omen_n cry_v out_o unanimous_o god_n save_o king_n 1670._o michael_n wiesnowiski_n this_o his_o excellency_n mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr cleverskerk_n now_o ambassador_n from_o the_o state_n of_o holland_n in_o england_n assure_v i_o to_o be_v true_a he_o have_v be_v present_a at_o warsaw_n as_o a_o traveller_n at_o the_o time_n of_o this_o election_n king_n michael_n be_v thus_o choose_v chief_o indeed_o by_o the_o minor_a nobility_n be_v proclaim_v by_o the_o primate_n and_o crown_v the_o 17_o the_o of_o september_n in_o the_o year_n 1670_o and_o reign_v to_o the_o year_n 1673._o marriage_n he_o marry_v eleonora_n of_o austria_n daughter_n to_o ferdinand_n iii_o and_o sister_n to_o leopold_n the_o present_a emperor_n of_o germany_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o alliance_n jealousy_n be_v raise_v that_o his_o majesty_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o make_v himself_o absolute_a and_o hereditary_a and_o to_o subvert_v the_o polish_v liberty_n all_o which_o he_o soon_o appease_v by_o a_o timely_a compliance_n with_o the_o demand_n of_o the_o disaffect_v this_o prince_n before_o he_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o throne_n be_v very_o poor_a subsist_v only_o on_o a_o pension_n of_o 6000_o livre_n which_o have_v be_v charitable_o allow_v he_o by_o king_n casimir_n and_o his_o queen_n mary_n luduvica_n di_fw-it gonzaga_n he_o have_v it_o be_v true_a former_o a_o vast_a estate_n in_o vkraina_n but_o which_o the_o cosack_n be_v then_o in_o possession_n of_o he_o be_v as_o i_o be_o inform_v gentleman_n of_o the_o bedchamber_n to_o the_o present_a emperor_n of_o germany_n which_o yet_o that_o prince_n do_v not_o think_v sufficient_a reason_n to_o exclude_v he_o from_o marry_v his_o sister_n after_o his_o election_n rebellion_n in_o the_o year_n 1672_o the_o cosack_n assist_v by_o some_o tartar_n have_v again_o fall_v to_o their_o old_a custom_n of_o rebel_a general_n sobieski_n with_o the_o force_n of_o the_o crown_n soon_o chastise_v they_o and_o force_v their_o leader_n doroczinko_n to_o retire_v turk_n hence_o the_o turk_n take_v a_o occasion_n to_o quarrel_n with_o poland_n upon_o pretence_n he_o have_v take_v the_o cosack_n into_o his_o protection_n who_o he_o will_v needs_o have_v to_o be_v oppress_v this_o king_n be_v by_o no_o mean_n
present_v amount_v to_o the_o value_n of_o 100000_o rix_n dollar_n the_o hospodar_n of_o moldavia_n send_v she_o a_o pair_n of_o pendant_n of_o a_o considerable_a value_n this_o custom_n of_o make_v present_n to_o the_o bride_n be_v not_o only_o for_o king_n daughter_n but_o for_o every_o one_o else_o according_a to_o their_o quality_n and_o the_o gentleman_n daughter_n do_v not_o so_o much_o reckon_v upon_o the_o portion_n their_o father_n give_v they_o as_o upon_o their_o number_n of_o relation_n and_o friend_n who_o be_v to_o make_v they_o present_v and_o the_o husband_n be_v as_o diligent_a to_o know_v how_o many_o relation_n she_o have_v as_o how_o much_o her_o father_n will_v give_v she_o ambassador_n upon_o the_o day_n of_o marriage_n prince_n james_n the_o young_a bride_n brother_n take_v upon_o he_o by_o the_o king_n and_o the_o elector_n of_o bavaria_n consent_n the_o quality_n of_o ambassador_n for_o that_o day_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o court_n will_v not_o receive_v as_o 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in_o order_n to_o the_o palace_n give_v she_o with_o roar_v of_o cannon_n and_o ring_v of_o bell_n all_o demonstration_n of_o respect_n here_o she_o lay_v two_o night_n the_o court_n appear_v most_o splendid_a and_o very_a numerous_a and_o the_o elector_n get_v some_o firework_n which_o represent_v the_o king_n and_o queen_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o elector_n and_o electoress_n of_o bavaria_n name_n there_o be_v ball_n both_o night_n and_o english_a country-dance_n which_o the_o electoress_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v descend_v from_o the_o blood-royal_a of_o england_n delight_v extreme_o in_o it_o be_v the_o first_o time_n the_o princess_n of_o poland_n have_v see_v any_o and_o therefore_o be_v extreme_o please_v i_o be_v glad_a to_o see_v some_o of_o our_o english_a gentleman_n who_o travel_v in_o italy_n in_o my_o time_n as_o mr._n archer_n mr._n ward_n mr._n duncomb_n and_o the_o late_a decease_a mr._n tent_n make_v so_o much_o of_o at_o this_o court_n and_o behave_v themselves_o 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successive_o for_o above_o eight_o hundred_o year_n but_o hereafter_o it_o be_v likely_a to_o prove_v otherwise_o for_o the_o gentry_n of_o poland_n be_v so_o jealous_a of_o their_o own_o king_n and_o so_o covetous_a to_o be_v enrich_v by_o foreign_a prince_n that_o probable_o henceforward_o they_o will_v choose_v no_o native_a beside_o the_o pope_n will_v undoubted_o always_o use_v his_o utmost_a authority_n and_o interest_n in_o that_o kingdom_n to_o get_v protestant_a prince_n elect_v for_o when_o i_o be_v former_o at_o rome_n i_o hear_v the_o politician_n say_v that_o the_o best_a method_n to_o make_v the_o protestant_a prince_n of_o the_o north_n roman_n catholic_n be_v to_o elect_v they_o successive_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n so_o that_o if_o the_o pope_n see_v that_o the_o present_a king_n of_o poland_n child_n be_v confirm_v in_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n he_o will_v doubtless_o after_o his_o death_n make_v the_o same_o endeavour_n to_o advance_v 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poland_n i_o think_v a_o geographical_a description_n of_o that_o country_n may_v not_o be_v unacceptable_a to_o you_o i_o must_v confess_v i_o be_v not_o long_a enough_o in_o that_o kingdom_n to_o survey_v it_o exact_o therefore_o have_v take_v pain_n to_o learn_v not_o only_o from_o the_o native_n themselves_o but_o also_o from_o their_o correct_a author_n a_o account_n of_o such_o part_n of_o that_o kingdom_n which_o i_o can_v not_o visit_v myself_o i_o must_v first_o take_v notice_n to_o your_o lordship_n that_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n dominion_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o different_a state_n which_o be_v the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n the_o constitution_n language_n custom_n and_o genius_n of_o both_o which_o nation_n be_v as_o different_a as_o those_o of_o england_n and_o scotland_n except_o that_o one_o parliament_n or_o diet_n serve_v both_o which_o must_v nevertheless_o have_v one_o session_n in_o lithuania_n to_o two_o in_o poland_n and_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n of_o each_o nation_n must_v meet_v together_o as_o well_o in_o the_o great_a duchy_n as_o in_o the_o kingdom_n for_o no_o law_n can_v be_v legal_o make_v without_o the_o mutual_a consent_n of_o both_o poland_n therefore_o be_v a_o distinct_a nation_n of_o itself_o i_o will_v here_o as_o i_o have_v promise_v present_a your_o lordship_n with_o a_o short_a description_n of_o it_o alone_o my_o lord_n poland_n poland_n when_o first_o found_v by_o lechus_n in_o the_o year_n 550_o like_o all_o other_o nation_n in_o their_o minority_n be_v but_o a_o small_a tract_n of_o land_n in_o respect_n of_o what_o it_o afterward_o grow_v to_o be_v for_o at_o first_o it_o contain_v only_o high_a and_o low_a poland_n with_o silesia_n but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n either_o through_o marriage_n or_o conquest_n it_o become_v the_o large_a and_o most_o powerful_a kingdom_n in_o europe_n and_o raise_v as_o well_o the_o envy_n as_o jealousy_n of_o its_o neighbour_n conquest_n the_o first_o acquisition_n to_o this_o crown_n be_v the_o province_n of_o pomerania_n conquer_v by_o lechus_n by_o his_o have_v kill_v regulus_n its_o prince_n boleslaus_n chrobry_n likewise_o make_v bohemia_n russia_n moravia_n and_o prussia_n tributary_n but_o casimir_n ii_o entire_o conquer_v all_o prussia_n in_o the_o year_n 1183_o and_o casimir_n the_o great_a subdue_v all_o russia_n in_o the_o year_n 1338_o when_o maslaus_n the_o duke_n of_o masovia_n also_o submit_v to_o the_o polish_v crown_n some_o time_n after_o valachia_n and_o moldavia_n be_v unite_v to_o poland_n by_o conquest_n and_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n add_v by_o jagello_n marriage_n with_o hedwigis_fw-la queen_n of_o poland_n the_o large_a and_o fertile_a province_n of_o livonia_n be_v conquer_v about_o the_o year_n 1500_o and_o afterward_o the_o pole_n extend_v their_o conquest_n towards_o moscovy_n when_o they_o take_v the_o great_a dutchy_n of_o smolensko_n severia_n and_o czernicovia_n and_o in_o vladislaus_n the_o viith_n time_n conquer_v all_o that_o country_n they_o in_o like_a manner_n enlarge_v their_o dominion_n towards_o the_o black_a sea_n for_o they_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o all_o vkraina_n policy_n over_o and_o above_o these_o vast_a conquest_n the_o pole_n likewise_o grow_v very_o considerable_a by_o elect_v several_a potent_a neighbour_n for_o their_o king_n whereby_o they_o add_v to_o their_o own_o strength_n that_o of_o bohemia_n hungary_n sweden_n and_o transylvania_n as_o they_o have_v likewise_o at_o this_o juncture_n that_o of_o the_o electorate_v of_o saxony_n in_o short_a the_o pole_n in_o process_n of_o time_n grow_v so_o exorbitant_o powerful_a from_o the_o xiiith_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o xviith_o century_n have_v in_o their_o possession_n all_o the_o land_n between_o austria_n moscovy_n and_o the_o baltic_a and_o euxine_a sea_n that_o they_o give_v their_o neighbour_n the_o turk_n tartar_n muscovite_n swede_n and_o german_n just_a reason_n to_o grow_v jealous_a of_o they_o whereupon_o these_o several_a potentate_n at_o different_a time_n make_v most_o bloody_a war_n upon_o they_o till_o by_o degree_n they_o have_v bring_v their_o territory_n to_o a_o narrow_a compass_n and_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o for_o the_o emperor_n get_v from_o they_o the_o several_a country_n of_o hungary_n bohemia_n transylvania_n silesia_n and_o moravia_n valachia_n and_o moldavia_n now_o choose_v hospodar_n or_o governor_n of_o their_o own_o though_o they_o be_v nevertheless_o tributary_n to_o the_o turk_n the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n be_v master_n of_o podolia_n and_o the_o best_a part_n of_o vkraina_n which_o they_o overrun_v in_o king_n michael_n korybuth_n time_n and_o the_o muscovite_n conquer_v the_o other_o part_n of_o it_o kiovia_n as_o likewise_o all_o the_o vast_a dutchy_n of_o severia_n smolensko_n and_o czernicovia_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n also_o be_v now_o in_o possession_n of_o
considerable_a a_o army_n and_o that_o chief_o of_o horse_n as_o any_o christian_a prince_n he_o have_v ever_o have_v a_o great_a reputation_n with_o the_o eastern_a prince_n and_o consider_v their_o history_n i_o find_v as_o remarkable_a transaction_n and_o exploit_n in_o the_o live_v of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n as_o in_o any_o other_o history_n whatever_o i_o must_v confess_v the_o pole_n have_v not_o be_v such_o refine_a politician_n nor_o so_o prudent_o manage_v their_o own_o interest_n as_o some_o of_o their_o neighbour_n have_v do_v for_o by_o their_o ill_a conduct_n and_o supine_n negligence_n they_o have_v lose_v the_o best_a part_n of_o their_o ancient_a dominion_n which_o yet_o have_v happen_v to_o they_o neither_o on_o account_n of_o their_o deficiency_n in_o courage_n or_o bravery_n but_o at_o present_a the_o pole_n beginning_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o state_n of_o foreign_a country_n and_o into_o their_o maxim_n of_o government_n they_o be_v become_v more_o vigilant_a and_o political_a and_o be_v likely_a under_o the_o command_n of_o their_o present_a king_n as_o well_o to_o retrieve_v their_o honour_n as_o recover_v their_o lose_a dominion_n i_o will_v my_o lord_n have_v present_v you_o with_o a_o great_a many_o other_o entertain_v matter_n relate_v to_o the_o geography_n and_o natural_a history_n of_o this_o country_n have_v i_o either_o see_v they_o myself_o or_o be_v secure_a of_o the_o relation_n of_o other_o but_o i_o will_v rather_o choose_v to_o be_v deficient_a in_o this_o account_n than_o to_o give_v your_o lordship_n just_a reason_n to_o believe_v that_o i_o be_v too_o credulous_a i_o be_o my_o lord_n your_o lordship_n be_v most_o obedient_a humble_a servant_n b._n c._n letter_n vi._n to_o george_n stepney_n esq_n late_a envoy_n extraordinary_a from_o his_o majesty_n to_o the_o elector_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o origin_n and_o extent_n of_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n with_o the_o succession_n of_o its_o great_a duke_n and_o description_n of_o its_o chief_a town_n and_o province_n sir_n the_o zeal_n you_o have_v show_v for_o his_o majesty_n service_n in_o your_o ministry_n at_o the_o court_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o the_o reputation_n i_o find_v you_o leave_v behind_o you_o in_o those_o place_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o so_o great_a a_o master_n deserve_v not_o only_o the_o repeat_v proof_n of_o his_o usual_a bounty_n and_o the_o choice_n he_o wise_o make_v of_o you_o a_o second_o time_n to_o represent_v his_o royal_a person_n but_o likewise_o the_o esteem_n of_o all_o those_o that_o be_v acquaint_v with_o your_o merit_n to_o pretend_v to_o inform_v you_o of_o the_o constitution_n of_o any_o state_n in_o europe_n will_v not_o be_v only_o the_o call_n in_o question_n your_o experience_n in_o foreign_a affair_n and_o your_o undoubted_a knowledge_n in_o politic_n but_o likewise_o expose_v my_o own_o judgement_n to_o the_o just_a censure_n of_o the_o world_n wherefore_o sir_n think_v by_o our_o late_a discourse_n about_o poland_n that_o nothing_o can_v be_v new_a to_o you_o but_o what_o be_v either_o very_a remote_a or_o very_a ancient_a i_o will_v endeavour_v only_o to_o give_v what_o i_o know_v of_o the_o origin_n and_o extent_n of_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n which_o be_v that_o vast_a tract_n of_o land_n that_o lie_v between_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o frontier_n of_o moscovy_n inhabitant_n the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n litwa_fw-mi though_o subject_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n as_o scotland_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n yet_o be_v a_o distinct_a nation_n from_o this_o kingdom_n have_v different_a custom_n a_o different_a dialect_n and_o particular_a privilege_n though_o one_o diet_n serve_v they_o both_o it_o lie_v between_o bound_n moscovy_n on_o the_o east_n livonia_n the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o part_n of_o moscovy_n to_o the_o north_n samogitia_n prussia_n and_o podlachia_n to_o the_o west_n and_o russia_n volhynia_n and_o podolia_n towards_o the_o south_n it_o extend_v near_o ninety_o german_a mile_n in_o length_n that_o be_v from_o the_o border_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o lublin_n to_o the_o confine_n of_o livonia_n and_o about_o eighty_o in_o breadth_n from_o the_o river_n niemen_n to_o the_o nieper_n in_o the_o time_n of_o extent_n its_o great_a duke_n vitoldus_n it_o be_v of_o much_o large_a extent_n for_o than_o it_o reach_v from_o the_o euxine_a sea_n to_o almost_o all_o along_o the_o baltic_a product_n this_o province_n be_v a_o flat_a and_o champain_n country_n formerly_z all_o overrun_v with_o wood_n and_o of_o which_o a_o great_a number_n still_o remain_v yet_o what_o with_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o the_o peace_n they_o have_v enjoy_v ever_o since_o sigismond_n the_o first_o be_v time_n it_o be_v now_o very_o fruitful_a and_o produce_v all_o sort_n of_o grain_n as_o likewise_o afford_v great_a quantity_n of_o honey_n pitch_n tar_n and_o timber_n with_o good_a store_n of_o fish_n and_o flesh_n nevertheless_o the_o air_n be_v general_o unhealthy_a which_o occasion_n many_o place_n to_o be_v little_o inhabit_v and_o some_o quite_o desert_n privilege_n this_o great_a duchy_n be_v only_o begin_v to_o be_v unite_v to_o poland_n by_o jagello_n in_o the_o year_n 1386_o for_o though_o that_o union_n be_v afterward_o renew_v at_o grodno_n in_o the_o year_n 1413_o yet_o lithuania_n still_o retain_v its_o own_o proper_a duke_n till_o the_o year_n 1501_o when_o the_o great_a duke_n albert_n be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n by_o who_o mean_n this_o country_n become_v absolute_o under_o the_o dominion_n of_o that_o crown_n and_o which_o be_v afterward_o confirm_v by_o a_o diet_n hold_v at_o lublin_n in_o 1569_o under_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismundus_n augustus_n where_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o lithuania_n shall_v enjoy_v its_o own_o peculiar_a law_n and_o privilege_n and_o be_v constitute_v a_o part_n of_o the_o polish_v commonwealth_n insomuch_o that_o nothing_o of_o importance_n be_v for_o the_o future_a to_o be_v transact_v therein_o without_o the_o voluntary_a concurrence_n of_o these_o state_n division_n this_o country_n consist_v of_o two_o part_n viz._n 1._o lithuania_n proper_o so_o call_v and_o 2._o lithuanic_n or_o white_a russia_n both_o which_o be_v divide_v into_o several_a palatinate_n and_o those_o again_o into_o district_n and_o all_o of_o they_o may_v be_v proper_o term_v dutchy_n each_o have_v former_o have_v its_o peculiar_a duke_n arms._n the_o arm_n or_o standard_n of_o lithuania_n be_v party_n per_fw-la pale_a gules_a and_o azure_a in_o the_o former_a a_o horse_n in_o full_a career_fw-fr argent_fw-fr with_o a_o warrior_n inside_v proper_a brandish_v a_o sword_n over_o his_o head_n and_o in_o the_o second_o the_o virgin_n mary_n with_o our_o saviour_n in_o her_o arm_n surround_v by_o a_o glory_n before_o i_o proceed_v to_o a_o topographical_n description_n of_o this_o state_n i_o hope_v a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o origin_n of_o lithuania_n with_o the_o life_n and_o most_o remarkable_a action_n of_o the_o several_a duke_n and_o great_a duke_n of_o that_o duchy_n samogitia_n etc._n etc._n may_v not_o be_v unacceptable_a which_o be_v as_o follow_v call_v lithuania_n as_o guagnini_n think_v take_v its_o name_n from_o this_o occasion_n when_o the_o first_o prince_n thereof_o palaemon_n leave_v italy_n on_o account_n of_o nero_n tyranny_n he_o together_o with_o several_a of_o his_o countryman_n flee_v by_o a_o long_a voyage_n into_o these_o part_n where_o after_o some_o time_n have_v be_v salute_v prince_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o he_o call_v their_o country_n after_o the_o name_n of_o his_o own_o la_fw-fr italia_n which_o in_o process_n of_o time_n by_o mix_v with_o the_o idiom_n of_o those_o barbarian_n may_v as_o he_o say_v have_v degenerate_v into_o lithuania_n other_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v so_o name_v from_o the_o latin_a word_n littus_n a_o shoar_n because_o say_v they_o this_o prince_n settle_v along_o the_o shoar_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n before_o opinion_n he_o descend_v into_o lithuania_n to_o confirm_v this_o prince_n expedition_n into_o this_o country_n there_o be_v several_a italian_a and_o latin_a word_n intermix_v with_o its_o present_a language_n as_o likewise_o most_o of_o the_o noble_a family_n have_v great_a similitude_n with_o the_o roman_a name_n though_o the_o vulgar_a sort_n be_v altogether_o sclavonian_n notwithstanding_o this_o assertion_n hartknoch_n with_o several_a other_o positive_o affirm_v that_o this_o country_n have_v its_o name_n from_o littuo_fw-la one_o of_o the_o alani_n a_o certain_a duke_n therefore_o long_o before_o palaemon_n voyage_n so_o that_o from_o littuo_fw-la alanus_fw-la they_o call_v his_o country_n littualania_n which_o afterward_o be_v contract_v to_o lithuania_n palamon_n palaemon_n first_o duke_n of_o lithuania_n be_v descend_v from_o the_o roman_a patricii_fw-la after_o have_v undergon_v great_a danger_n and_o
the_o opposition_n of_o the_o lithuanian_n who_o do_v but_o dishonour_v their_o country_n by_o exclude_v a_o piasto_n yet_o they_o ought_v to_o choose_v one_o to_o show_v the_o world_n that_o if_o their_o ancestor_n have_v not_o do_v the_o like_a often_o it_o be_v because_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o avoid_v the_o jealousy_n which_o will_v have_v arisen_a between_o so_o many_o subject_n that_o deserve_v the_o crown_n and_o that_o since_o now_o there_o be_v one_o present_n who_o merit_n be_v not_o to_o be_v question_v they_o ought_v forthwith_o to_o elect_v he_o then_o he_o proceed_v to_o name_n john_n sobieski_n with_o this_o character_n that_o his_o life_n have_v be_v entire_o devote_v to_o the_o service_n of_o the_o state_n which_o even_o while_o he_o be_v speak_v peaceable_o enjoy_v the_o fruit_n of_o his_o late_a victory_n at_o chocim_fw-la and_o further_o that_o this_o present_a happiness_n be_v but_o a_o specimen_fw-la of_o what_o he_o be_v able_a to_o do_v for_o his_o country_n and_o last_o that_o the_o crown_n be_v due_a to_o sobieski_n out_o of_o mere_a gratitude_n and_o acknowledgement_n since_o it_o be_v through_o his_o mean_n that_o they_o sit_v there_o and_o have_v a_o power_n to_o dispose_v of_o it_o speech_n the_o gentry_n of_o russia_n be_v influence_v by_o what_o their_o palatin_n have_v say_v immediate_o declare_v for_o sobieski_n who_o be_v a_o native_a of_o their_o province_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o poland_n soon_o follow_v their_o example_n together_o with_o some_o palatinate_v of_o lithuania_n bring_v over_o by_o the_o management_n of_o prince_n radzivil_n vicechancellor_n of_o that_o duchy_n every_o one_o be_v forward_o to_o deserve_v favour_n from_o one_o who_o they_o have_v acknowledge_v for_o their_o prince_n dissent_v the_o great_a general_n of_o lithuania_n be_v high_o displease_v at_o all_o these_o proceed_n leave_v the_o diet_n in_o a_o heat_n and_o together_o with_o his_o friend_n march_v out_o of_o the_o field_n about_o nine_o at_o night_n no_o body_n be_v able_a to_o bring_v he_o back_o hereupon_o he_o immediate_o enter_v protest_v against_o this_o election_n allege_v that_o it_o be_v against_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o any_o king_n to_o be_v choose_v without_o the_o common_a consent_n the_o next_o day_n be_v the_o 20_o the_o of_o may_n the_o lithuanian_n return_v into_o the_o field_n but_o retire_v after_o have_v make_v their_o protestation_n against_o this_o election_n whereupon_o several_a senator_n and_o nuncio_n be_v send_v to_o recall_a they_o but_o their_o answer_n be_v that_o they_o be_v go_v to_o deliberate_v upon_o the_o matter_n and_o will_v inform_v they_o of_o their_o resolution_n by_o their_o deputy_n the_o pole_n and_o lithuanian_n who_o have_v espouse_v sobieski_n interest_n forthwith_o command_v the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n to_o proclaim_v he_o which_o notwithstanding_o this_o prelate_n decline_v wise_o foresee_v the_o disorder_n so_o rash_a a_o election_n may_v occasion_v and_o which_o may_v probable_o end_v in_o a_o civil_a war._n lithuania_n the_o deputy_n of_o lithuania_n arrive_v a_o little_a while_n after_o whereof_o the_o chief_a be_v the_o bishop_n of_o vilna_n brother_n to_o the_o grand_a general_n deliver_v the_o message_n give_v sobieski_n the_o title_n only_o of_o grand_a marshal_n yet_o in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o his_o discourse_n he_o tell_v they_o that_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o give_v his_o vote_n for_o he_o but_o desire_v the_o proclaim_v he_o may_v be_v defer_v till_o next_o day_n to_o the_o end_n the_o lithuanian_n may_v assist_v at_o it_o and_o thereby_o the_o election_n become_v unanimous_a which_o request_v of_o his_o be_v ready_o grant_v whereupon_o the_o 21_o st_z of_o may_n andrew_n trzebicki_n bishop_n of_o cracow_n who_o preside_v at_o the_o diet_n in_o the_o room_n of_o the_o primate_n czartoriski_n just_a then_o decease_v which_o happen_v very_o well_o for_o sobieski_n the_o primate_n have_v be_v no_o friend_n of_o his_o go_v with_o the_o senator_n before_o the_o new_a prince_n to_o the_o place_n of_o election_n where_o they_o be_v meet_v by_o the_o lithuanian_n with_o their_o general_n patz_n at_o their_o head_n who_o be_v too_o politic_a not_o to_o assist_v there_o with_o his_o whole_a family_n john_n sobieski_n be_v soon_o after_o proclaim_v 1674._o and_o the_o gentry_n proceed_v to_o sing_v te_fw-la deum_fw-la in_o the_o cathedral_n of_o warsaw_n end_v the_o day_n with_o usual_a acclamation_n and_o rejoice_n this_o prince_n be_v descend_v of_o a_o noble_a and_o ancient_a family_n though_o none_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a nor_o rich_a in_o the_o kingdom_n his_o father_n father_n james_n sobieski_n be_v castellan_n of_o cracovia_n a_o person_n no_o less_o eminent_a for_o his_o ability_n in_o affair_n of_o state_n than_o renown_v for_o his_o courage_n and_o conduct_n in_o the_o field_n he_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o year_n 1621._o as_o ambassador_n and_o plenipotentiary_n upon_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n which_o by_o his_o prudence_n and_o address_n be_v honourable_o conclude_v with_o sultan_n osman_n he_o distinguish_v himself_o likewise_o on_o many_o other_o important_a occasion_n and_o after_o several_a other_o great_a service_n faithful_o perform_v for_o his_o country_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1646._o mother_n his_o mother_n be_v one_o of_o the_o daughter_n of_o stanislaus_n zolkiewski_n grand_a chancellor_n and_o grand_a general_n of_o the_o crown_n who_o brave_o fight_v that_o memorable_a battle_n at_o cicora_n on_o the_o 10_o of_o september_n 1620_o and_o though_o he_o be_v again_o five_o time_n attack_v by_o the_o turk_n on_o the_o 2d_o of_o october_n in_o the_o same_o year_n yet_o he_o gallant_o repulse_v they_o till_o at_o last_o be_v overpower_v with_o number_n and_o forsake_v by_o his_o follower_n he_o be_v slay_v courageous_o fight_v among_o the_o thick_a troop_n of_o his_o enemy_n travel_n this_o prince_n be_v careful_o educate_v by_o his_o parent_n in_o his_o youth_n and_o send_v to_o travel_v into_o france_n where_o his_o father_n buy_v he_o a_o captain_n of_o horse_n commission_n which_o gain_v he_o great_a experience_n he_o also_o travel_v into_o england_n germany_n and_o italy_n where_o have_v observe_v all_o the_o different_a manner_n interest_n law_n military_a discipline_n strength_n and_o policy_n of_o those_o people_n and_o in_o a_o word_n all_o else_o that_o be_v necessary_a for_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n to_o learn_v in_o his_o travel_n he_o at_o last_o return_v home_o when_o casimir_n after_o several_a trial_n both_o of_o his_o valour_n and_o discretion_n and_o admire_v at_o his_o great_a merit_n and_o quick_a part_n which_o he_o have_v improve_v so_o well_o both_o in_o language_n science_n and_o military_a accomplishment_n make_v he_o first_o a_o colonel_n of_o foot_n and_o afterward_o captain_n of_o his_o guard_n and_o from_o thence_o advance_v he_o gradual_o through_o all_o the_o post_n of_o his_o army_n till_o he_o arrive_v at_o be_v grand_a marshal_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o the_o room_n of_o lubomirski_n and_o grand_a general_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o room_n of_o potoski_n he_o behave_v himself_o in_o all_o these_o employment_n with_o that_o courage_n and_o prudence_n as_o become_v a_o soldier_n and_o be_v repute_v the_o hero_n of_o his_o age_n and_o the_o terror_n of_o the_o ottoman_a empire_n marriage_n he_o marry_v mary_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr grange_n daughter_n to_o the_o marquis_n of_o arquien_v not_o long_o since_o make_v cardinal_n of_o the_o family_n of_o la_fw-fr grange_n in_o nivernois_n in_o france_n she_o by_o the_o contrivance_n of_o king_n casimir_n queen_n to_o who_o she_o be_v maid_n of_o honour_n be_v first_o marry_v to_o prince_n zamoiski_n one_o of_o the_o great_a palatine_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o after_o his_o death_n to_o the_o grand_a general_n sobieski_n by_o who_o she_o have_v several_a child_n and_o among_o the_o â—â—est_n three_o hopeful_a prince_n the_o elder_a of_o which_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o be_v brother-in-law_n to_o the_o emperor_n king_n of_o spain_n king_n of_o portugal_n and_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o modena_n by_o marry_v one_o of_o the_o princess_n of_o neuburgh_n this_o prince_n be_v not_o crown_v till_o above_o fifteen_o month_n after_o his_o election_n during_o which_o time_n he_o gain_v great_a advantage_n over_o the_o turk_n and_o force_v they_o to_o a_o peace_n at_o zorowna_n whereby_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o remit_v the_o yearly_a tribute_n stipulate_v for_o by_o king_n michael_n but_o be_v still_o to_o be_v leave_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o fortress_n of_o caminiec_n at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o election_n he_o be_v please_v generosity_n to_o promise_v of_o his_o own_o free_a will_n and_o motion_n that_o the_o queen-dowager_n shall_v be_v provide_v for_o suitable_o to_o her_o high_a quality_n and_o extraordinary_a merit_n as_o also_o that_o the_o arrear_n of_o the_o army_n shall_v be_v
crown_v and_o that_o the_o king_n his_o uncle_n send_v he_o the_o character_n of_o envoy_n to_o compliment_v he_o upon_o his_o accession_n to_o the_o throne_n he_o use_v to_o admire_v the_o government_n of_o england_n and_o to_o say_v that_o it_o be_v the_o best_a in_o europe_n except_o that_o of_o his_o own_o country_n and_o the_o chief_a reason_n he_o give_v i_o why_o he_o prefer_v the_o constitution_n of_o poland_n be_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v a_o power_n of_o turn_v people_n out_o of_o employment_n and_o the_o common_a people_n have_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o law_n and_o can_v buy_v estate_n as_o well_o as_o the_o great_a nobleman_n this_o prince_n show_v i_o a_o old_a roman_a scimitar_n which_o his_o father_n bring_v from_o jerusalem_n and_o tell_v i_o it_o be_v that_o with_o which_o st._n peter_n cut_v off_o malcus_n ear_n which_o a_o great_a many_o have_v either_o faith_n or_o superstition_n enough_o to_o believe_v and_o pay_v it_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o respect_n the_o year_n after_o i_o come_v into_o england_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n symptom_n increase_n more_o and_o more_o the_o ambassador_n mounseur_fw-fr zalowski_n bishop_n of_o ploskow_n send_v i_o from_o warsaw_n to_o london_n the_o follow_a letter_n desire_v advice_n concern_v his_o majesty_n distemper_n which_o be_v very_o uncommon_a and_o extraordinary_a at_fw-fr mounseur_fw-fr le_fw-fr docteur_fw-fr connor_n à _fw-fr londres_n varsovie_n 2_o juin_n 1696._o mounseur_fw-fr en_fw-fr attendant_z que_fw-fr je_fw-fr vous_fw-fr envoye_fw-fr les_fw-fr memoires_n que_fw-fr vous_fw-fr souhaitez_fw-fr pour_fw-fr l'_fw-fr histoire_n de_fw-fr pologne_n &_o de_fw-fr nôtre_fw-fr roy_fw-fr qui_fw-fr requierent_a quêque_fw-fr loisir_fw-fr que_fw-fr je_fw-fr n'ay_fw-fr pas_fw-fr encore_fw-fr pû_fw-fr prendre_fw-fr comme_fw-fr je_fw-fr tacheray_fw-fr de_fw-fr fair_a le_fw-fr plutôt_fw-fr qu'il_fw-fr me_fw-it serà _fw-la possible_a vous_fw-fr obligeriez_fw-fr beaucoup_fw-fr sa_fw-fr majesté_fw-fr si_fw-fr sur_fw-fr l'_fw-fr information_n que_fw-fr vous_fw-fr verrez_fw-fr au_fw-fr bas_fw-fr de_fw-fr cette_fw-fr lettre_n touchant_a l'_fw-fr etat_fw-la de_fw-fr sa_fw-fr santé_fw-fr vous_fw-fr vouliez_fw-fr bien_fw-fr prendre_fw-fr la_fw-fr peine_fw-fr d'en_fw-fr donner_fw-fr vos_fw-fr avis_n &_o counsel_n &_o d'en_o prendre_fw-fr aussi_fw-fr des_fw-fr plus_fw-fr habiles_fw-la gens_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr profession_n dont_fw-fr votre_fw-fr royaume_n est_fw-fr si_fw-fr fertile_a vous_fw-fr asseurant_fw-mi que_fw-fr vous_fw-fr en_fw-fr aurez_fw-fr du_fw-fr merit_n auprez_fw-fr de_fw-fr leur_fw-fr majestez_fw-fr &_o que_fw-fr vous_fw-fr travaillerez_fw-fr à _fw-fr votre_fw-fr propre_fw-fr gloire_fw-fr que_fw-fr je_fw-fr soûhaiteray_fw-fr de_fw-fr voir_fw-fr par_fw-fr la_fw-fr augmentée_n étant_fw-fr mounseur_fw-fr votre_fw-fr tres-humble_fw-fr serviteur_fw-fr e._n the_o ploskow_n information_n de_fw-fr l'etat_fw-la de_fw-fr la_fw-fr santé_fw-fr du_fw-fr roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr pologne_n sa_o majesté_fw-fr à _fw-fr les_fw-fr pie_n les_fw-fr jambe_n &_o les_fw-fr cuisse_n même_fw-fr la_fw-fr region_n inferieure_fw-fr du_fw-fr bas_fw-fr ventre_fw-fr tumifiées_fw-fr considerablement_n depuis_fw-fr quêque_fw-fr tems_fw-fr que_fw-fr ces_fw-fr tumeurs_fw-fr sont_fw-fr augmenteezde_a jour_fw-fr en_fw-fr jour_fw-fr depuis_fw-fr cette_fw-fr eté_fw-fr quelles_fw-fr avoient_fw-fr commencé_fw-la à _fw-fr paroitre_fw-fr quoique_fw-fr l'on_n appliquât_fw-fr les_fw-fr plus_fw-la efficaces_fw-la remede_n interieurs_fw-fr &_o exterieurs_fw-fr pour_fw-fr en_fw-fr empecber_fw-fr le_fw-fr progrez_n &_o pour_fw-fr les_fw-fr dissiper_n lord_fw-mi qu'on_v press_v du_fw-fr doit_fw-fr ces_fw-fr tumeurs_fw-fr il_fw-fr ne_fw-fr rest_n aucun_fw-fr vestige_fw-fr du_fw-fr doit_fw-fr carces_n tumeurs_fw-fr ont_fw-fr la_fw-fr dureté_fw-fr du_fw-fr fer_fw-fr &_o la_fw-fr pesanteur_fw-fr du_fw-fr plomb_n quand_fw-fr sa_fw-fr majesté_fw-fr march_v elle_fw-fr croit_fw-fr avoir_fw-fr un_fw-fr poid_fw-fr peasant_n attaché_fw-fr à _fw-fr ses_fw-fr jambe_n la_fw-fr dureté_fw-fr de_fw-fr ces_fw-fr tumeurs_fw-fr ne_fw-fr peut_fw-fr étre_fw-fr amollie_n cependant_fw-fr lors_fw-fr qu'on_n frotte_n avec_fw-fr un_fw-fr linge_fw-la chaûd_fw-fr les_fw-fr party_n embarrassées_fw-fr &_o affligées_fw-fr elles_fw-fr semblent_fw-fr d'abord_fw-fr être_fw-fr degagées_fw-fr &_o soûlagée_n mais_n peu_fw-fr apres_fw-fr elles_fw-fr retournent_fw-fr à _fw-fr leur_fw-fr premier_fw-fr etat_fw-la la_fw-fr couleur_fw-fr de_fw-fr ces_fw-fr party_n tumiflées_fw-fr n'est_fw-fr point_fw-fr pale_a mais_fw-fr pourprée_a tyrant_n vers_fw-la le_fw-fr rouge_fw-fr english_v thus_o warsaw_n the_o second_o of_o june_n 1696._o sir_n i_o will_v send_v you_o as_o soon_o as_o possible_a the_o memoirs_fw-fr you_o desire_v for_o the_o history_n of_o poland_n and_o of_o our_o king_n which_o require_v more_o leisure_n than_o i_o can_v have_v hitherto_o have_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n you_o will_v mighty_o oblige_v his_o majesty_n if_o upon_o the_o information_n you_o will_v find_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o this_o letter_n concern_v the_o state_n of_o his_o health_n you_o will_v please_v to_o give_v your_o opinion_n and_o advice_n thereupon_o and_o likewise_o consult_v with_o the_o able_a of_o your_o profession_n who_o be_v so_o very_o numerous_a in_o your_o kingdom_n about_o it_o i_o assure_v you_o you_o will_v great_o gain_v their_o majesty_n esteem_v thereby_o and_o advance_v your_o own_o reputation_n which_o i_o wish_v increase_v by_o these_o mean_n be_v sir_n your_o most_o humble_a servant_n e._n ploskow_n a_o account_n of_o the_o state_n of_o health_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n his_o majesty_n foot_n leg_n and_o thigh_n as_o likewise_o the_o low_a part_n of_o his_o belly_n have_v be_v considerable_o swell_v for_o a_o good_a while_n these_o swell_n have_v daily_o increase_v since_o they_o begin_v this_o summer_n notwithstanding_o the_o most_o effectual_a remedy_n both_o inward_a and_o outward_a which_o have_v be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o prevent_v their_o progress_n and_o to_o discuss_v they_o when_o these_o tumour_n be_v press_v with_o one_o finger_n they_o do_v not_o pit_n for_o they_o be_v almost_o as_o hard_o as_o iron_n and_o as_o heavy_a as_o lead_v when_o his_o majesty_n walk_v he_o imagine_v he_o have_v a_o great_a weight_n tie_v to_o his_o leg_n the_o hardness_n of_o these_o tumor_n can_v be_v soften_v nevertheless_o when_o the_o swell_a part_n be_v rub_v a_o little_a with_o a_o hot_a cloth_n they_o seem_v immediate_o to_o be_v abate_v and_o ease_v but_o soon_o after_o they_o return_v to_o their_o former_a condition_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o swell_n be_v not_o pale_a but_o red_a something_o incline_v to_o purple_a death_n a_o week_n after_o i_o receive_v this_o letter_n news_n come_v that_o this_o prince_n be_v dead_a as_o i_o can_v not_o but_o reasonable_o expect_v he_o will_v be_v labour_v under_o so_o rare_a and_o dangerous_a a_o disease_n be_v a_o dropsy_n turn_v into_o a_o schirrus_n or_o into_o a_o hard_a and_o insensible_a tumour_n case_n of_o this_o nature_n my_o lord_n be_v very_o seldom_o see_v i_o have_v speak_v late_o with_o some_o old_a practitioner_n in_o physic_n that_o have_v never_o meet_v with_o any_o for_o my_o part_n i_o have_v never_o observe_v any_o disease_n like_o it_o and_o i_o be_v at_o first_o surprise_v that_o the_o king_n leg_n that_o use_v to_o pit_n a_o inch_n deep_a when_o i_o be_v at_o his_o court_n shall_v become_v so_o very_o hard_a and_o so_o heavy_a afterward_o but_o consider_v that_o in_o our_o mass_n of_o blood_n there_o be_v even_o natural_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o earthy_a part_n or_o dregs_o and_o that_o these_o lees_n may_v by_o way_n of_o sediment_n fall_v into_o the_o leg_n and_o that_o their_o weight_n and_o quantity_n can_v hinder_v they_o from_o ascend_v to_o the_o heart_n with_o the_o circulate_v fluid_n i_o rather_o admire_v why_o case_n of_o this_o nature_n do_v not_o more_o frequent_o happen_v particular_o in_o old_a and_o plethoric_n people_n as_o the_o king_n be_v these_o hard_a swell_n of_o his_o leg_n hinder_v the_o blood_n to_o circulate_v downward_o and_o so_o drive_v up_o all_o the_o humour_n to_o the_o head_n which_o oppress_v and_o overflow_a the_o brain_n cause_v a_o apoplexy_n of_o which_o he_o die_v the_o 17_o of_o june_n fifteen_o day_n after_o the_o date_n of_o my_o letter_n in_o the_o year_n 1696_o in_o the_o sixty_o six_o year_n of_o his_o age_n and_o the_o 22d_o of_o his_o reign_n he_o be_v the_o old_a king_n then_o in_o christendom_n he_o keep_v his_o subject_n in_o great_a awe_n and_o the_o great_a nobleman_n pay_v he_o all_o the_o respect_n imaginable_a they_o never_o use_v at_o court_n to_o eat_v with_o he_o at_o his_o table_n he_o dine_v always_o in_o public_a and_o the_o great_a man_n wait_v upon_o he_o serve_v he_o with_o drink_n and_o none_o of_o his_o subject_n ever_o cover_v themselves_o in_o his_o presence_n and_o i_o admire_v to_o see_v the_o person_n that_o abuse_v he_o in_o the_o parliamenthouse_n and_o speak_v to_o he_o with_o all_o freedom_n when_o he_o sit_v on_o the_o throne_n pay_v he_o so_o great_a a_o submission_n and_o respect_n everywhere_o else_o but_o the_o liberty_n of_o a_o member_n of_o that_o parliament_n be_v such_o that_o he_o can_v speak_v what_o he_o