Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	france_n	king_n	sister_n	4,447	5	8.9577	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A57253	The political will and testament of that great minister of state, Cardinal Duke de Richelieu from whence Lewis the XIV, the present French king, has taken his measures and maxims of government : in two parts / done out of French.	Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis, duc de, 1585-1642.; Du Chastelet, Paul Hay, marquis, b. ca. 1630.	1695 (1695)	Wing R1423; ESTC R38036	208,968	393

not to disturb the repose of his Father's old age Orders follow'd immediately to Confine him first to his House of Plassac next to Loches where he ended his days some years after His constancy was such in that great Age that after having perform'd in his last sickness what ever could be desir'd of him for his Conscience without Pride or Weakness for he ever had Religion and Faith he let fall never a Word in relation to the Cardinal but what was at once Christian like and Noble He ordered the Duke de la Vallette's two Children to be recommended to the King they having the honor to be related to him they were the Children of his first Marriage for he had none by the second And some suggesting to him that he would do well to do them the same office with the Minister whose power was so well known he only answer'd mildly I am his Servant without being able to resolve to request any thing of him He dyed on the 13 of January 1642 being 88 years of Age repeating often even in the middle of his Prayers and in the very Arms of Death the Name of his Son de la Valette whom he look'd upon as his Martyr The Cardinal de Richelieu did not out-live him long He dyed on the 4th of December of the same Year being only 58 years of Age leaving to Courtiers one of those fine but too subtile Examples of what Fortune Grandeur and Favour is never certain never contented and which is worse little present and long pass'd The King who griev'd in secret for having allow'd him so much Power and who had reason to dread all things from him if he had liv'd much longer did not think himself so much depriv'd of a faithful Minister as deliver'd of a proud insupportable Master It then prov'd a kind of Merit at Court not to have been too much his Friend But all things were soon alter'd there a second time by the King 's own Death on the 14th of May 1643. The Duke de la Valette call'd Duke d' Espernon since his Father's Death came back from England and surrender'd himself in the Prison of the Palace of Paris and was absolv'd by the unanimous Voice of the Parliament with a general Applause of the Grandees and of the People No Man of any Note that I know of ever laid the ill Success at Fontarabie to his charge but the Cardinal and as to the pretended Intelligence or Conspiracy with the two Princes far from upbraiding himself with it he plac'd it among his best Actions since that tho ill us'd and oppress'd by the Cardinal to the highest degree he had been able to resist the Temptation to right himself and the Duke his Father by a Civil War the greatest and most dangerous of all those of that time if both had hearkn'd to it As the Cardinal de Berulle dyed with the repute of sanctity and that all those who have known him have testify'd the same except Cardinal Richelieu it is a very material point to inform the Public with the Motives that could induce the said Cardinal de Richelieu to insert these Words in the Tenth Page of his Political Testament Your Majesty would thereby have freed the Nation of the Grisons for ever from the Tyranny of the House of Austria had not Fargis your Ambassador in Spain at the Sollicitation of Cardinal de Berulle made as he has confess'd it since without the knowledge and contrary to your Majesty's express Orders a very disadvantageous Treaty to which you adher'd at last to please the Pope who pretended to be somewhat concern'd in that Affair and in the 14 Page the Cardinal de Berulle and the Lord Keeper Marrillac advised your Majesty to abandon that poor Prince he speaks of the Duke of Mantua to the injustice and Insatiable avidity of that Nation which is an Enemy to the Repose of Christendom he means the Spaniards to hinder them from disturbing it the rest of your Council proved of a different opinion both because Spain durst not have formed such a Resolution immediately after the making of a Treaty of Vnion among the English and because if they should have followed so ill an advcie they could not have been able to stop the progress of your Arms. A Little insight into the principal Affairs transacted in the reign of Lewis the XIII is sufficient to know that the Cardinals de Berulle and de Richelieu were both ingag'd in the Interest of the Queen Mother Mary de Medicis and that they liv'd in perfect Intelligence until the year 1622 when the War of the Pon de Cee broke out All the Queen Mother's Creatures did expect that Cardinal de Richelieu to whom that Princess had given Order Power to conclude an accommodation with the King her Son's Ministers would mind their advantages as much as his own and would not expose them to the Vengance of their Enemys whom they had only irritated to remain Faithful to the Queen Mother Nevertheless Cardinal de Richelieu only thought of obtaining a Place for himself in the Sacred College and neglected all the rest For which reason Cardinal de Berulle the Marshal and Lord Keeper Marillac Monsieur and Madam du Fargis and several others fell out with him In the Second Place the first considerable affair which occur'd in the Council of France in 1624 immediately after the Cardinal's being introduc'd there upon the Marriage of Madam Henrietta of France youngest Sister to the King with the Prince of Wales The Cardinal de Richelieu pretended to attribute all the honor of it to himself and negotiated with so much address that he obtained from the Earls of Holland and Carlile Ambassadors from England more advantageous Conditions for the Catholic Religion than those which the King of Great Britain had granted to the Spaniards when he desir'd their Infanta for the said Prince of Wales But the main difficulty was to prevail with the Court of Rome to approve the Conditions Cardinal de Richelieu had made with the English Ambassadors The Court pitched upon Cardinal de Berulle in order thereunto He went to Rome and there began continued and concluded the famous Negotiation which is found among the Manuscripts of Lomenie in the King's Library He obtain'd what ever he desir'd of the Pope and that was sufficient to excite Cardinal de Richelieu's jealousy As to the Treaty which du Fargis made at Moncon in 1626 with the Spaniard's in relation to Valtelina we must consider that the said du Fargis had been six years before Ambassador in Spain and that he was sent thither by the Court of France before Cardinal de Richelieu entred into the Ministry which was in 1624. The instructions which du Fargis had receiv'd in taking leave of the Court from M. de Puisieux Secretary of State Son to the Chancellor de Sillery oblig'd him to treat with the Spaniards on the same Conditions as he did since at Moncon because the Council

that occurence what your Majesty must now put in Execution Reason obliges to take an Expedient which without ingaging any of the Crowns may contribute towards the preservation of the good understanding which is desirable among the Princes of Christendom Among many that might be propos'd the following are in my opinion the most practicable It might be agreed upon that French Ships meeting English Ships upon the Coast of England should Salute first and strike the Flag and that when English Ships should meet French Ships upon the French Coast they should pay them the same Honors on condition that when the English and French Fleets should meet beyond the Coasts of both Kingdoms they should both steer their Course without any Ceremony only sending out their respective Long-Boats to hail each other coming no neerer than within Cannon shot It might also be agreed upon that without having any respect to the Coasts of France or England the greater number of Men of War should be Saluted by the smaller either in striking the Flag or otherwise Whatever Expedient is found out on that subject provided it be equal on all parts it will be juste if your Majesty is strong at Sea that which is real sonable will be thought so by the English who are so much blinded on that subject that they know no Equity but Force The advantages the Spaniards who are proud of being our Enemies at present derive from the Indies oblige them to be strong on the Ocean The reason of a sound Policy does not allow us to be weak there but it obliges us to be in a condition to oppose the designs they might have against us and to cross their enterprizes If your Majesty be potent at Sea the just apprehension Spain will lay under of your attacking their Forces the only Source of their Subsistance of your making a Descent on their Coasts which have upwards of six hundred Leagues Circumference your surprising some of their places which are all weak and in great number that just apprehension I say will oblige them to be so powerful at Sea and to keep such strong Garisons that the major part of the Revenue of the Indies will be consumed in Charges to preserve the whole and if the remainder suffices to preserve their States at last it will produce this advantage that they will no longer he able to trouble their Neighbours as they have done hitherto * Compat of Gattary Had your Majesty been as weak as your Predecessors you could not have reduc'd to Ashes in the midst of the Waters all the Forces Spain could assemble in 1638. on the Ocean That proud haughty Nation could not have been constrain'd to suffer the checking of their Pride not only within sight of Italy but also before the Eyes of all Christendom which seeing the Isles of St. Marguerits and of St. Honorat snatch'd out of their hands by open force whereas they had only got them by surprize has beheld at once and with the same Eye the shame of that insolent Nation and the Glory and Reputation of yours You could not finaly have fought that famous Combat of the Gallies on the Seas of Genoa which striking your Enemies with Terror increas'd the Love and Esteem of your Allies and imprinted so much Reverence in the indifferent that the weight of respect ingag'd them absolutely on your side Your Majesty having Allies so distant from this Kingdom that it is impossible to have any Communication with them but by Sea if they found France destitute of necessary means to succor them on certain occasions it would be easie for those who are Enemies of the happiness of both sides to sow the same Division in the minds which is between the States whereas your Naval Forces being considerable tho' divided as to place they will remain strictly united in Heart and Affection to this State Nature seems to have offer'd the Empire of the Sea to France by the advantagious Situation of her two Coasts equally provided with excellent Havens on the Ocean and on the Mediterranean Britanny alone contains the finest in the Ocean and Provence which has but 160 Miles extent has many larger and safer than Spain and Italy together The separation of the States which form the Body of the Spanish Monarchy renders the preservation of them so difficult that Spain has no other way to keep them in some Union than by keeping a great number of Ships on the Ocean and of Gallies in the Mediterranean which by their continual going backwards and forwards may in some measure preserve the Union between the Members and the Head transporting to and fro whatever is necessary for their subsistance as Orders for whatever is to be undertaken Officers to Command Souldiers to Execute Money which is not only the Sinew of War but also the Fat of Peace from whence it follows that obstructing the Liberty of such passages those States which cannot subsist of themselves can never be able to avoid confusion weakness and all the desolations wherewith God threatens a divided Kingdom And whereas the Western Coast of this Kingdom separates Spain from all the Territories possess'd by their King in Italy so the Providence of God which will keep an even Balonce seems to have been pleas'd to separate the Territories of Spain by the Situation of France to weaken them by their Division If your Majesty constantly keeps forty good Men of War well Rigg'd and Equip'd ready to put out to Sea on all occasions that number will be sufficient to secure you against all Injuries and to make you fear'd on all the Seas by those who have hitherto despis'd your Forces there As Men of War are necessary to that end in the Ocean Gallies which are light Ships and can make great Courses with their Oars in Calms which are more usual in the Mediterranian than elsewhere are as useful in the Levant With thirty Gallies your Majesty will not only balance the Power of Spain which by the assistance of their Allies can put fifty in a Body but you will overcome them by the reason of Union which reodubles the Power of the Forces it unites As your Gallies may remain in a Body either at Marseilles or Toulon they will always be in a condition to oppose the conjunction of those of Spain which are so much separated by the Situation of this Kingdom that they cannot assemble without passing in sight of the Ports and Roads of Provence and even sometimes without Anchoring there by reason of the Storms which surprize them half way the Chanel which those light Ships are not able to bear without great hazard in a troublesome passage in which they are very frequent The Gulph of Leon is the most dangerous passage in all the Seas of the Levant the inconstancy and contrariety of the Winds which commonly reign there render the passage of it very difficult whatever way it is undertaken All stormy weather is very dangerous there and

Power whereas they have despis'd it hitherto with an incredible infidelity In that case the Barbarians will either live willingly in Peace with your Majest's Subjects or if they are not so wise as to do it they will be compell'd to do that by Force which they have refused to do by Reason Whereas at present tho' we think we have no War with them we receive all the Evils of it and we neither enjoy Peace nor the advantage we ought to reap by it We will find Calm and Safety in War which is very advantageous with Men whose natural Infidility is so great that there is no way to avoid it but by Force It now remains to examine the Expence which will be necessary for the maintenance of the number of Ships above projected which tho never so great will be inconsiderable in comparison of the advantages we will receive by it And yet it may be done with two Millions and five hundered thousand Livers according as it will appear by the Settlement which will be inserted at the end of this Work SECTION VI. Which Treats of Trade as a dependency of the Power of the Sea and specifies those which aremost Convenient IT is a Common but a very true saying that as States often are Inlarg'd by War so they are commonly inriched in time of Peace by Trade The Wealth of the Hollanders which properly speaking are only a handful of Men reduc'd into a Corner of the Earth in which there is nothing but Waters and Meadows is an Example and Proof of the usefulness of Trade which admits of no contestation Tho that Country produces nothing but Butter and Cheese yet they furnish all the Nations of Europe with the greatest part of what is necessary to them Navigation has made them so famous and so powerful throughout the whole World That after having made themselves Masters of the Trade of the East Indies to the prejudice of the Portugueze who had been long settled there they have cut out a great deal of Work for the Spaniards in the West Indies where they injoy the Major part of Brasil As in England the greatest part of those whose Circumstances are the least easy maintain themselves by common Fisherys the most Considerable drive a greater Trade in all the Parts of the World by the Manufactures of their Cloth and by the Sale of Lead Tynn and Sea Cole which are productions of their Country The Kingdom of China the Entrance into which is allow'd to no body is the only Country in which that Nation has no Place settled for their Trade The City of Genoa which only abounds in Rocks makes so good a Use of its Trade that I may safely affirm that it is the Richest City in Italy if the succors of Spain * The Manuscript is defective in this place France only abounding too much within it self has hitherto neglected Trade tho they are as conveniently seated for it as their Neighbours and might free themselves of the assistance they receive from them on that account at their own Cost The Fisheries of the Ocean are the easiest and most useful Commerce which can be made in this Kingdom It is the more necessary in that there is no State in the World so well Peopled as France That the Number of those who are out of the Road to Heaven is very inconsiderable compar'd to the Catholics who living under the Laws of the Roman Church abstain the third part of the year from the use of Meat And that none of the dispensations practised in Spain are used there to eat Meat at all times under a specious pretence Trade will be the easyer for us in that we have a great number of Sea Men who heitherto have been oblig'd to seek out imployment among our Enemyes having none at home and we have made no other use of them hitherto but to get salt Fish and Herrings But having wherewith to imploy our Mariners instead of being Constrained to strengthen our Enemies by weakning our selves we will be able to carry into Spain and other Countrys that which they have hitherto brought to us by the assistance of our Men who serve them France is so fertile in Corn so abounding in Wine Flax and Hemp to make Cloth and Riggings so necessary for Navigation that Spain England and all other Neighbouring States must have recourse thither And provided we know how to improve the advantages which Nature has given us we will get money of those who have occasion for our Goods without troubling our selves much with their Commoditys which are of little use to us Spanish English and Dutch Cloths are only superfluous we may make them as good as theirs getting Wool from Spain as they doe Moreover we may have them more conveniently upon the account of our Corn and Linen Cloths if we will exchange them to make a double gain * The Draps de Sceau are made at Roan and the Draps de Meunier at Remorantin and Elbaeuf Our Kings having made a shift with Draps de Berry we may very well make a shift now with Draps de Sceau and de Meunier or Millers Cloth which are now made in France without having recourse to those that are made abroad the use of which will be abolish'd by this means as well as the Serges of Chalons and of Chartres have abolish'd those of Milan And indeed the Draps de Sceau are insomuch request in the Levant that next to those of Venice made with Spanish Wool the Turks preferr them to all others and the Citys of Marselles and of Lyons have heitherto driven a very great Trade in them France is Industrious enough Not to stand in need of the best Manufactures of our Neighbours such fine Plushes are made at Tours that they are sent into Spain Italy and other foreign Countrys the Plain Tafetas which are made there also are so much in Vogue throughout France that there is no need to look for any elsewhere Red Purple and Spotted Velvers are made finer there now than at Genoa It is also the only place in which Silk Serges are made Mohair is made as good there as in England the sinest Cloths of Gold are made finer there and Cheaper than in Italy So that we may easily forbear that Trade which only serves to foment our Laziness and to feed our Pride to stick solidly to that which may increase our Wealth and imploy our Mariners insomuch that our Neighbours may not improve our labours at their cost Over and above those above specify'd which are the best in the Ocean many others may be made The Skinners Trade of Canada is the more necessary because there is no need of carrying Money there and that they take such Commodities in Exchange as scizzer Cases Knives small Pen-knives Needles Pins Bills Hatchets Watches Hat-bands Points and other sorts of Mercery Wares That of the Coast of Guiny in Africa in which the Portgueze have long possess'd a place call'd

Castel de Mine which the Hollanders of the West-India-Company have taken from them within these 2 or 3 years is of the same nature in that the only Goods exported there are Pedlars Wares Canvass and course Linen Cloths in exchange of which the Negroes give Golden Powder The Merchants of Roans have formerly driven a Trade of Linen and Woolen Cloths in the Kingdom of Fez and of Morrocco by means of which they got a great deal of Gold Were the King's Subjects strong in Shipping they might ingross all the Trade of the North which the Dutch have got by reason that the North standing absolutely in need of Wine Vinegar and Brandy-Wine of Chesnuts of Pruens and of Nuts all Commodities in which the Kingdom abounds and which cannot be consum'd in it it is easie to make a considerable Trade of them and the better in that returns may be made of Wood of Copper of Pitch and Tar things not only useful for our selves but necessary for our Neighbours who can not get them from them without our Goods unless they will lose the fraight of their Ships in going thither I do not enter into the particulars of the Trade which may be driven in the East-Indies and in Persia by reason that the humour of the French being so hasty that they will see the effects of their desires as soon as they have conceiv'd them Long Voyages are not suitable with their temper However as abundance of Silks and Carpets are brought from Persia many Curiosities from China and all manner of Spices from divers places in those parts of the World which are of great use to us that Trade is not to be neglected To make a good Settlement it would be necessary to send two or three Ships into the East Commanded by Persons of Quality Prudence and Wisdom with Patents and necessay Powers to Treat with those Princes and to Make Allyances with the People on all sides as the Portugueze English and Dutch have done This design would succeed the better by reason that those who have taken a footing in those Nations are very much hated by them at present either because they have deceiv'd them or because they have subdued them by Force As to the West there is no great Trade to be expected there Drake Thomas Cavendish Sperberg L'Hermite le Maire and the late Count Maurice who sent twelve Ships thither of 500 Tuns on purpose to Trade there either by way of Friendship or by Force not having been able to make any settlements there there is but little to be hop'd for on that side unless a Military Force be sent thither to take possession of the places Spain possesses there at present The little Isles of St. Christopher and others seated at the Head of the Indies may yield some Tobacco some Skins and other things of small consequence THERE NOW REMAINS TO KNOW WHAT MAY BE DONE IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Trade of the Mediteranean Memorial of the different Trades driven in the Levant Napoli de Romania The French carry some Goods there and Money and bring back Silks Goats Leather Wool Wax and Cheefe part of which is destributed and sold in Italy Satalia The French only carry Money there and bring back Cotton Wax and all manner of Goat Skins Smyrna The French carry more Goods there than Money abundance of Merchandise going off there for Chio the Archipelago and Constantinople The Goods carry'd there are Paper Caps Draps de Paris and of Languedoc Brasil Wood Cutchaneal Spices Satins made at Lyons and sometimes they bring back Persian Silks and Rubarbs which the Persians bring thither Cottons spun into Thred Wax Mastick and course Carpets Scala Nova Sometimes our Ships take in Wheat and Legumes there Constantinople The French carry abundance of Goods there which are the same that are carry'd to Smyrna excepting Gold Silver and Silk Stuff and very seldom Money they bring back Leather and Wool there being nothing else and often not finding Commodities for the Goods that have been sold there they are oblig'd to send the said Money to Smyrna to be imploy'd there or else it is remitted by Bills of Exchange to Aleppo there are always abundance of Goods to be bought there to carry into Christendom Isle of Cyprus In which there are divers Ports Money is carry'd thither some Cloths and Caps and in return we take Cotton spun into Thred Silks made in the said Isles and some Drugs Alexandria and the Port of Aleppo Abundance of Merchandice and Money are carry'd thither from France Those Goods are the same which are carry'd to Smyrna And vast quantities of Silks and Drugs are taken in there all sorts of Cottons Oak Apples Goat Skins which they stile of the Levant Red Yellow and Blue Callicos and sometimes Indian Goods which are brought there from Persia Before the English and Dutch went into the Indies all Persian Silks Drugs and other Goods were brought to Aleppo from whence they were brought to Marseilles and from thence they were afterwards sold throughout France England Holland and Germany And now the said English and Hollanders have taken away the said Trade from us and do not only furnish all France with Persian Goods but also with those they buy on the Grand Seignior's Territories which they carry through Persia to Goa where they lade The Goods that are brought from the Levant are dispos'd of in Sicily Naples Genoa Leghorn Majorca and throughout Spain Flanders and Germany Seyda the Port of Tripoly Barut and St. John d'Acre The French carry some Commodities thither and for the most part Money they bring back from thence Silks spun Cottons Ashes to make Soap Drugs which come from Damascus sometimes they take in Rice and when they have a good Crop of Wheat they suffer our Ships to take lading of it Alexandria the Port of Aegypt and Grand Cairo The French carry several French Commodities thither as Cloth Paper Brasil Cochaneal but more Money than Goods they take in their Natron Drugs of divers sorts and most of the Goods which sell in Italy or in Spain Formerly all sorts of Spices were brought to Alexandria through the Red Sea which were carry'd to Marseilles but now the English and Hollanders go into the Indies we must buy them of them Tunis Wine is transported thither from Marseilles Hony Tartar Cloth Paper and other Goods and seldom any Money and Leather and Wax is taken in there Algiers and the adjacent Ports The same Commodities are often carry'd thither from Marseiles which are carry'd to Tunis and Leather and Wax are also brought from thence I own I have been long deceiv'd in the Trade the Proveneals drive in the Levant I was of opinion with many others that the said Trade was prejudicial to the State thinking according to the common notion of the World that it exhausted the Money of the Kingdom in exchange of Goods no wise useful and only fit to indulge the Luxuriousness of our Nation But having made