Peerships and divers of new Creation a great number of Principalities Dukedoms Marquisates Earldomes Baronies and other Lordships Eleven Parliaments eight Chambers of Accounts 22 Generalities or Publick places of Receipt of the Kings Revenue There are four Principal Rivers the Seine whose Water is accounted the strongest in the World and more wholesome to drink than Fountain-water The Loire King of the French Rivers the Garonne most Navigable and the Rhone or Rosne most rapid By others thus Characterized the Loire the sweetest the Rhone the swiftest the Garonne the greatest and the Seine the richest The Seine riseth in Burgundy watering Paris and Roan disburdening it self into the English Channel The Sequana of Caesar The Loyre riseth about the Mountains of Avergne being the highest in France watering Nantes and Orleance and augmented with 72 lesser Rivers mingleth its sweet Waters in the Biscain or Gascogne Sea. The Ligeris of Caesar The Rhone or Rhosne springeth up about three miles from the Head of the Rhine watering Lions Avignon c. and taking in 13 lesser Rivers falleth into the Mediterranean Sea near Arles The Rhodanus of Caesar The Garone running from the Pyrenean Hills glideth by the Walls of Bourdeaux and Tholouse and with the addition of 16 other Rivers dilates it self into the Aquitain now Biscain Ocean The Garumna of Caesar The Mountains by Ancient Authors were the Gebâ—nna by Caesar Cammani Ptol. Ital. running along by Languedâ—c Chevennes and Avergne now les Sevennes The Jura Caes Jurassus Ptol. which divideth the French County from Savoy and the Swisses now called by several Names The Vogesus almost Encircling Lorrain and dividing it from Alsatia and Bourgondie now Dauge Mons c. There are several Divisions of France which respect the Church the Nobility the Courts of Justice and the Finances But it suffices here to say that the general state of the Kingdom was held Anno 1614 after the Majesty of Lovis the XIII and that then all the Provinces met under 12 great Governments Four of these Governments lie toward the North upon the Seine and those other Rivers that fall into it viz. Picardy Normandy the Isle of France and Champagne Towards the middle adjoyning to the Loire Bretagne Orlenoise Bourgogne Liâ—nnoise The other four toward the South near the Garonne viz. Guienne Languedoc Dauphine and Provence Under the Orlenoise is comprehended Maine Perche and Beauce On this side of the Loire Nivernois Tâ—uraine and Anjâ—u above the said River beyond it Poiciou Angoumois and Bâ—rry Burgundy hath Brest Under Lionnois are comprehended Lionnois Auvergne Bourbonnois and Marche Under Guienne is Bearne Gascogne and Guienne it self Saintonge Perigort Limâ—sin Querci and Rovergue Under Languedâ—c is Cevennes In each of these Governments are several great Cities the chief of which I shall speak of in Order viz. In Picardy the Storehouse of Paris for Corn is 1. Calais called by Caesar Portus Tecius Portus Britannicus Morinerum Plin. Prom. Icium Ptol. held by the English near 200 Years being taken by Edward the III. after eleven Months Siege in Anno 1347. and unfortunately lost by Queen Mary 1557. seated opposite to Dover in England from which it is distant about ten Leagues A strong Town of great Importance and accounted the Key of France Not far from Calais at a place called Agincourt was the Flower of the French Nobility taken and slain by King Henry the Fifth of England viz. 5 Dukes 8 Earls 25 Lords 8000 Knights and Gentlemen and 15000 common Soldiers 2. Bulloign Cesoriacum Navale Ptol. Portus Morinorum Plin. Civit. Bononensium Ant. Portus Gessoriacus of Caesar a strong Frontier-Town taken by Henry the VIII of England 1544. at which time the Emperor Maximilian bore Arms under the English Cross 3. Amiens Samarobrina Caes Samarobriga Ptol. Civit. Ambianensis Ant. a Walled Town seated upon the Seine well Fortified with an Impregnable Cittadel built by Henry the IV. But most Famous for its Cathedral so beautified within and adorned without that 't is the fairest and most lovely Structure in the West of Europe 4. St. Quintin Augusta Romanduorum Ptol. Civit. Veromannorum Ant. Quinctinopolis Fanum St. Quinctine in Scriptis Gall. two Leagues from Augusta Veromanduorum now Vermand Baud. Crecie the French Cannae famous for their great Overthrow and the Victory of the English in the Reign of Philip the Sixth A strong Frontier-Town Memorable for the Battel there Anno 1557. where King Philip the II. of Spain with the English under the Command of the Earl of Pembroke overthrew the whole Forces of the French. Laon a Bishops Sea whose Bishop is one of the Twelve Peers of France Laudunum Ant. Soissons Augustata Vessonum Ptol. a Bishops See the last place the Romans held in Gaul driven out by Clovis the Fifth 5. Guise of most Note for the Dukes of Guise a Family that in a little time produced two Cardinals and six Dukes besides many Daughters married into the best Houses of France In Normandy formerly Neustria are 1. Rouen or Roan Rothamagus Ptol. Rotomagentium Ant. seated on the Banks of the River Seine over which there is a Famous Bridge of Boats. Taken by Henry the Fifth after six Months Siege where were famished 50000 and 12000 Starvelings turned out of the Town An Arch-Bishops See and Parliament In the Chief Church called Nostre-Dame is the Sepulchre of John Duke of Bedford It is a place of as great a Trade as any in France and one of the Principal Cities where Exchanges are used 2. Dieppe a City of some Trade being a common Landing-place for the English in their Passage into France And is famous for its fidelity and allegiance to Henry the Fourth when the Guisian Faction in derision called him King of Dieppe 3. Falaise once a strong Town Memorable for the Story of Arlet the Skinners Daughters of whom Duke Robert begat William the Conqueror in spight to whom and disgrace to his Mother the English call Whores Harlots Here also was the Roy d' Juidot and Verneil when besieged by Philip the Second of France King Richard the First of England to keep his promise broke through the Palace of Westminster and raised the Siege Haure de Grace Newhaven by the English in Latin Franciscopolis a Cautionary Town to Queen Elizabeth Portus Gratiae of old Auranches Ingena Ptol. Civit. Abrincantum Ant. Constances Constantia Ant. Cherbourg Caesaris Burgum a strong Sea-coast Town Bayeux Cit. Bajocassium Ant. Caen Cadomum graced with a University founded by King Henry the Fifth King of England and the Abbey with the Tombs of William the Conqueror and Maud his Wife Lyseux Cit. Lexoviorum Ant. Eureux Mediolanum Ptol. c. The third Government is the Isle of France whose City is Paris formerly Lutetia because seated in a Clayie Soil A City that for its Riches Power and Number of Inhabitants may contend with any in Europe Seated on the Seine and on a Soil so fertile that no City knows such Plenty 't
of its Excellency in her Traffick and Commerce the goodness of her Air and general Fertility It is the least Part of all yet has produced the great Alexanders and Caesars of the Universe contains within its Bounds the principal Part of the Roman and Grecian Monarchies and which to this day furnisheth the other parts of the World with Colonies It s Scituation is all in the Northern Temperate Zone which free the Inhatants from the insupportable Heats of Africk and from those which also parch the more Southern Climes of Asia The Air is generally sweet and temperate unless in the remotest Countries of the North The Soil affords all sorts of Grain and Fruit of which the other Parts of the World are often in Want But her highest Glory and Prerogative is that she is not only Europe but Christendom and hath embraced the true Religion But alas the strange Schisms the shameful vices the lamentable dissentions the unchristian divisions about Ceremonies and Opinions are fatal Eclipses of her brightness and splendor who otherwise might justly have been stiled The Temple of Religion The Court of Policy and Government The Academy of Learning The Mistris of Arts and Sciences The Magazine of Trade The Nurse of Victorious and famous people And the Paradice of humane felicity The length of Europe is variously set down by Geographers Cluverius saith from the Cape of St. Vincent unto the mouth of the River Oby is 900 German or 3600 Italian miles I find that the true distance cannot be more than 50 degrees which multiplied by 73 for so many miles are found to be in a degree makes 3650 Geometrical or Italian miles Sansons Map of Europe makes the distance to be 55 degrees which multiplied by 73 makes 4015 which is 365 miles more than the greatest distance can be But the Great New Atlas tells us 't is 71 degrees of the Equator which multiplied by 73 makes 5183 which is but 1533 miles too large in the length of Europe Maginus tells us that the distance from Lisbon to Constantinople is 600 German or 2400 Italian miles The true distance I find cannot be more than 32½ which multiplied by 73 makes 2352 miles But Sansons Map makes the Distance to be 36 which makes 276 miles too much Heylin tells us that Europe is in length 2800 miles in breadth 1200 miles but from whence he begins or what miles he means the Reader cannot tell so that I think he had as good have said nothing The Breadth by Cluverius from Cape Matrapan of the Morea to the North Cape is reckoned to be 550 German or 2200 Italian miles Maginus makes it to be almost 600 German or 2400 Italian miles The true distance or difference of Latitude is 35 degr of the Equator which multiplied by 73 makes 2555 miles Sanson's Map makes it 38 degrees which makes 2774 miles which is 209 miles too much But the great Atlas tells us it contains about 44 degrees which makes 3212 miles 657 miles too large Toward the North Europe is bounded by the Northern Ocean otherwise called the Frozen Sea by reason of the continual Ice which incommodes those Parts Towards the West it is limited by the Western or Atlantick Ocean by the Mediterranean Sea toward the South and beyond that Sea by part of Africa As for the Eastern Bounds from the Mediterranean Sea to the North they are these The Archipelago or White Sea anciently called the Aegean Sea. 2. The Streight of Gallipoli or the Dardanells otherwise called the Arm of St. George and formerly the Hellespont 3. By Mar di Marmora formerly Mare Propontis 4. By the Streight of Constantinople or the Canal of Mar Maggiore formerly the Thracian Bosphorus 5. By the Black or Mar Maggiore formerly Pontus Euxinus 6. By the Streight of Caffa or Vespero otherwise the Mouth of St. John formerly the Cimmerian Bosphorus 7. By Mare Limen otherwise the Sea of Zabaique and Tanais formerly Palus Moeotis 8. By the River Donn or Tana formerly Tanais 9. By a Line drawn from the most Eastern Winding of Donn to the Northern Ocean near Obi Some there are that draw this Line more to the West from the Sources of Donn to the White Sea which is in Muscovy making Europe much less than it is Others inclose within the Limits of Europe all the Conquest of the Great Duke of Muscovie which are in the Asiatick Tartary Europe is divided into Continent and Islands which contain these Kingdoms or Estates viz. Towards the North the Isles of Great Britain containing the Kingdoms of England Scotland and Ireland the Principality of Wales with many Islands dependant upon them 2ly Scandinavia containing the Kingdoms of 1. Denmark with Norway and Sweden 3ly The several Kingdoms Dutchies c. of the Grand Czar of Russia and Muscovia 4. The Kingdom Estates c. of Poland and Lithuania Towards the Middle 1. The Northern Estates of Turkie in Europe viz. 1. Tartaria Europa Walachia Moldavia Transilvania and Hungaria 2. The Empire of Germania with its eight Electorates 3ly The Estates of the Republick of Switzerland The Seven Vnited Provinces The Ten Spanish Provinces 4. The Kingdoms of France with its Twelve Governments and late Acquisitions Towards the South 1. The Kingdoms and Principalities of Spain 2. The Kingdom of Portugal The Kingdoms and Estates in Italy The Estates and Dukedom of Savoy Piemont c. The Kingdoms and Isles of Sicily Sardinia and Majorca c. The Southern Estates of Turkie in Europe viz. Sclavonia Croatia Dalmatia Ragusa Bosnia Servia Bulgaria The Country of Greece containing the Kingdoms and parts of Romania or Thracia Macedonia Thessalia Albania Epirus and Graecia or Achaia and Peloponnesus or the Morea with the Isle of Negropont c. The Islands of Europe are seated either in the Ocean the Mediterranean or Baltick Seas The Islands lying in the Ocean are the British Isles aforesaid Sicily Sardinia Corsica and Candy are the biggest Islands in the Mediterranean The Islands of the Baltick Sea we shall speak of in the Description of Denmark We may consider the Estates of Europe according to their Titles without Regard to their Dignity and say that there is 1. The Estate of the Church or Pope in Italy 2. Two Empires Germany and Turkie The first half Monarchy half Commonwealth The latter only Monarchical 3. Seven Kingdoms every one Govern'd by their own Kings that acknowledg no Superior viz. England France Spain Portugal Swedeland Denmark and Poland That of France is most perfect and descends only to the Heirs Male ever since the Salique-Law The five other admit the Female All are Hereditary only Poland which is Elective There are moreover in Europe other lesser Kingdoms comprehended under these as those of Bohemia and Hungary under the Emperor of Germany That of Navarr under the King of France That of Naples in Italy Sicily Sardinia and Majorca under the Crown of Spain And those of Scotland and Ireland under the King of England 4. Eight
the adjacent Countries 3. Galloway the principal City of the Province of Connaught a Bishops ee and the third City of Ireland for Beauty Bigness and Strength Situate near the Fall of the great Lake or River Corbles in the Western Ocean a noted Emporie well Inhabited and of a good Trade by reason of its commodious Haven or Road for Ships 4. Limrick the second Principal of the Province of Munster and the fourth in Estimation of all Ir land Situate in an Island compassed about with the River Shannon well Fortified with a strong Castle a Bishops See and well frequented distant from the Main Ocean about 60 miles yet the River so large and Navigable that Ships of Burthen come up close to the very Wall. Beautified with a Cathedral Church and a fair Stone-Bridg 5. Kingsale upon the Mouth of the River Bany a Commodious Port being the only s fe and ready Port in all Ireland for our English Ships and others to Victual at and Refresh themselves when Bound for and returning from the West-Indies and other parts of the VVorld 6. Cork a Bishops See well Walled and fitted with a commodious Haven Inhabited by a W althy and Industrious People generally English the Shire-Town and the only Through-fare of all English Goods and Commodities s nt this way most commonly out of England for the two Remarkable Towns of â—imrick and Galloway Armagh Dublin Cassil and Tuam are the four Arch-Bishopricks VVicklow seated on the Sea whose Castle is a strong Rock Newcastle is guarded by its Sands Trim on the River Boyne Longford is the title of an Earldom Kildare a Bishops See much celebrated in the Infancy of the Irish Church for the Holy Virgin St. Brigid VVexford the Menapa of Ptol. seated at the mouth of the River Slane is a fair Town and a good Haven Inish Corthy is a Borough and Town Corporate Kilk nny on the Nure is a fair and wealthy Town and honoured with the See of the Bishop of Ossery London-Derry is a fair and well built Town Dunagan gives its name to the County St. Patricks Purgatory is a Vault or narrow Cave in the ground of which strange stories are reported by the Irish Cloghar dignified with the See of a Bishop Dungannon the ancient residence of the O-neals Antrim gives name to the County Knock-fergus or Carikfergus seated on a large Bay the Vinderius of Ptolomy not far from which once stood the famous Monastry of Magio so much commended by Bede Down and Conner are dignified with an Episcopal See. Tredath or Droghdagh with its good Haven is a well frequented Town Carlingfort is a well frequented Port-Town Owen Maugh the ancient Seat of the Kings of Vlster is near to Armagh the Arch-Bishoprick and Primate of all Ireland Craven is seated on the Lake Cane Kilmore on the Lake Navity Belturbet and Inish Killing on the Lake Earne Clare giveth Title to an Earldom Kylaloe is dignified with an Episcopal See near the Lake Derg on the Shannon Roscommon not far from Loegh Ree Elphen is honoured with the See of a Bishop Athlone on the Lake Ree under the Curlew Hills is defended by a Castle and beautified with a Stone-Bridge Letrim seated in a fertile soil near the L. Alyne Cassile is an Arch-Bishoprick by Eugenius the third Bishoâ— of Rome Holy Cross on the River Shoure once a place much frequented by Pilgrims The North part of Tipperary beareth the Name of Ormond and is Honoured in giving Title to James Butler Duke Marquess and Earl of Ormond Earl of Brecknock and Ossery c. Dingle hath a commodious Port. Ardfart or Ardart is a Bishops See. Yoghil on the River Broadwater is well fortified and hath a good Haven as also is Dungannon Of Denmark DENMARK by Robt. Morden at the Atlas in Cornhil LONDON DENMARK is a Monarchy which in former times was very formidable both to France and England and tho the English for many years have minded no other Interest in this Country but that of the Baltick and North Trade yet since these two Crowns are now come to a closer Union it may be worth our while to look back and consider the State of that Monarchy wherein the English hath so great an Interest by the late Marriage of George Prince of Denmark with the Princess Ann. Concerning the Original of the Dane we read not in any of the more ancient Greek and Latin Authors excepting Jornandes and Venantius Fortunatus who yet but slightly mention them In the French and English Histories they are often remembred first in the reign of Theodorick King of Austrasia about the year 516 under their King Cochliarius foraging upon the Sea-coast of Gaul-Belgick slain in their return by Theodebert Son to Theoderick After this in the reign of Charles the Great under their Prince Gotricus or Godfrey then warring upon the Obertriti the Inhabitants about Rostock teste Krantzio and Invading Freisland with a Fleet of 200 Sail threatning the Neighbouring Saxons with Subjection and much endangering the Empire of the French if the death of Godfrey and the Quarrels about Succession had not prevented Afterwards their mention is very frequent and famous during the race of the French Kings of the Caroline Line and of the Monarchy of the English Saxons with sundry Fleets and Armies unresistible invading France and England conquering and subduing the English Saxon Nation and giving the Name of Normandy to part of France for by that common Name of Normans the Danes as well as the Norweeis and Swethes were then called The word Dane Saxo Gramaticus Krantzius and others fabulously derived from one Dan a King hereof about the year of the World 2898. Becanus from Henen or Denen signifying a Cock in the Danish Language the Arms of the Alani their Progenitors But how they got thither is very uncertain Andreas Velleius in Cambden from the Dahi a people of Asia and Marck signifying a border Ethelwardus from Donia a Town sometimes since seated herein Montanus from Aha signifying water in regard of the Situation of the Country The more Judicious fetch their Name from the Bay or Strait of the Sea called by Mela Sinus Codanus about which Strait and in the Islands adjacent these people since their first being known have to this day inhabited From this Name hath the Country been called Denmark A Nation famous a long time for Arms and their many and great Victories atchieved abroad Themselves never conquered by foreign power Lords sometimes of England and Swethland Yet such is the Vicissitude of Kingdoms that Denmark was in the compass of four years viz. 1657 58 59 and 1660 almost conquered by the Swedes the History of which Wars are well written by Sir Roger Manley there you will find the King of Sweden fighting with a wonderful resolution and continued Successes the King of Denmark with an undaunted and indefatigable courage endeavours to check his Career till by the Mediation of the Dutch and English the Treaty of Roschilt in
is Dignified with the Ordinary Residence of the King its Chief Ornaments are the Palace of the Louvre so much fam'd abroad The Palaces of the Nobility viz. That of Luxemburg its Palace Royal its Church of Nostredame its University containing five Colleges the Halls of Justice the Courts of Parliament The English held it for 16 years and there Crowned King Henry the Fifth King of France In this Province about three miles from Paris is seated St. Dennis famous for the Sepulchres of the French Kings The Beautiful House of Fountain-Belle-eau esteemed one of the fairest Palaces in Europe As also the Royal Mansion of St. German seated on the Ascent of a Hill seven miles from Paris down the Water And Bois de Vincennes in which Henry the Fifth ended his days Senlis is the chief City of the Dukedom of Valois which gave name to the French Kings of the Second Branch of the Capets which begun in Philip Valois Ann. 1328. in his Reign was fought the Battel of Crecie Anno 1343. where was slain John King of Bohemia 11 Princes 80 Barons 120 Knights and 30000 common Soldiers In Champaigne the chief City is Rheimes Famous for being the place where the French Kings are commonly Crowned and Anointed Therein also is Langres Andomatanum of Ptol. the Seat of the Twelve Peers of France Trois the meeting-place of Charles the Sixth and Henry the 5th Kings of France and England where the Victorious King was espoused to Katherine Daughter to King Charles aforesaid Bretaigne or Britany of old Armorica so called from the Britains who flew thither in the time of the Saxons Tyranny over them in England Formerly the Titles of the Earls of Richmond It s Sea-Port Towns are Brest Vendana Portus seated upon a spacious Bay the Key the Bulwark and best Harbour in France St. Maloes Aletha Maclovium built on a Rock a strong fair and populous City yet often spoiled and damaged by the English Inland Towns are Nants Condivincum Ptol. Cit. Namnetum Ant. seated on the Banks of the Loyre and Rennes Condate of Ptol. Cit. Rodanum Ant. the Parliament-City for this County Vannes Dariorigum Ptol. Cit. Venetum Ant. Situate on a capacious Bay the chief Town of the Old Veneti Quimper Corentin Corisopitum Ant. Orleance as it comprehends Maine Perch Beauce Nivernois Touraine Anjou the Title of Henry the Second King of England and Earl of Anjou now the Title of the third Son of France Poictou Angonnois and Berry hath these chief Cities 1. Orleance of Old Gennabum of Caes Strab. Cenabum Ptol. Aurelia It s pleasant Situation on the Loire makes it very beautiful and delightful Once the Seat Royal of its own Kings now the Title of the Second Son of France It long felt the force of an English Siege where died Great Montacute Earl of Salisbury On the chief Bridg of this City is the Statue of Joan the Pucelle de dieu or Maid so assistant to the French in Repelling the English and raising the Siege of Orleance May the 12th 1429. Burnt alive by the English Anno 1431. after which time the Affairs of the English grew worse and worse for in Anno 1435. Charles the Burgundian fell off and in 1453. Talbot a man of great Valour and Conduct was slain and nothing was left to the English but Calice of all that the English had got in two and forty years 2. Mans Cit. Cenomannorum by Antonius by Ptol. Vidinum Vendosme which gave Name to Antonio Father to Henry the Fourth 3. Chartes Carnutum Ant. Ptol. Autricum seated on the Loire a fair and pleasant City Dignified with a University for the Study of the Civil Law. 4. Nevers Noviodunum Caesar Nivernum al. Nivernium Ant. upon the Loire Dignified with an Ancient Dukedom 5. Tours Caesarodunum Ptol. Turonum Ant. where the Protestants are said first to have begun in France and were called Hugonots Nigh to this place it was that Charles Martel Father of King Pepin in Anno 732. discomfited an Army of about 400000 Saracens of which were slain near 370000. Blois pleasantly seated and in a good Air where the Duke of Guise the first mover of the Civil Wars and contriver of the Massacre at Paris was slain by the command of Henry the Third 6. Angiers by Ptolomy called Juliusmagus Andeglaevum Ant. of a large Circuit well built seated in a good Air and made a University Beaufort belonging to the Duke of Lancaster nigh which Town was the Duke of Clarence Brother to Henry the Fifth slain 7. Poictiers by Ptolomy Augustoritum Pictavium Ant. a University Famous for the Study of the Civil Law and for greatness said to be next to Paris In the Vine-fields two Leagues from the City was fought that memorable Battel between John of France and Edward the Son of King Edward the III. Sirnamed the Black Prince who with 8000 men overcame the French Army of 40000 whereof 10000 were slain besides Nobles Prisoners taken were King John and his Son Philip 70 Earls 50 Barons and about 12000 Gentlemen 8. Rochel seated on the Acquitane Ocean a place of great Trade and of greater strength before it was dismantled 1627. witness its many Sieges Anno 1570. by Jarvil Anno 1573. by Byron with an Army of 50000. men and 60 Pieces of Artillery 1575. and 76. it was attempted by Landâ—riau in 1577. by Lansac In the troubles of 1585. and 88. it was the Retreat of the King of Navarre and Prince of Conde Her Commodities Rochel-Wine Salt and Brandy Rupella Ant. Mortus Santorum Ptol. 9. Angoulesme Enculisma al. Cit. Etolinensium Ant. 10. Bourges a Town of great strength by Nature and well Fortified by Art Situate in a low Flat amongst deep impassible Bogs and Marshes 'T is an Arch-Bishoprick and one of the best Universities in France called Avaricum in Caesar's time of old Bituricum Ant. Varicum Ptol. Sancerre a strong Town memorable for a desperate and long Siege in the Reign of Charles the Ninth In the Province of Bourgondy once a Kingdom is first Dijon Divionum built by the Emperor Aurelian proud in her Parliament and for giving Birth to St. Bernard seated upon the Soasne Next are Auxerre Antissiodorum Ant. Chalon Cabullinum Strab. Caballinum Ptol. Cavillonium Caesar Castrum Gaballionense Ant. Mascon Castrum Matisconense Ant. seated upon the Soasne the best Hold of King Charles the Seventh in his hard Wars against the English Alize now a small Village formerly Alexia the chief Fortress of Vercingeterix who had 70000 Men in the Town when Besieged by Caesar and an Army of 300000 Gauls at the back of Caesar to relieve their fellows notwithstanding all which the Town was yielded to Caesar and Vercingeterix sate at his feet and became his Prisoner Philip the third Grandchild to Philip the Hardy united to this Dutchy almost all the Belgick Provinces but Charles his Son in the War against Lewis the Eleventh lost his Men Money and Life at the Battels of Granson Morat and Nancy 1476. afterwards this
Dutchy was seized on by the French. Adjacent to and in the Government of Bourgondy is Brest the chief Town thereof is Bourg or Briss a place well built and so strongly Fortified that it is esteemed impregnable This Country was by the Duke of Savoy delivered to Henry the IV. of France in lieu of the Marquisate of Saluces 1600. In the Province of Guien wherein are the Provinces of Gascoign Guien and Bern are many Cities the chief whereof are Bourdeaux Burdegala Strab. Ptol. Cit. Burdegalensium Ant. seated upon the Banks of the River Geronne famous for being the Birth-place of King Richard the II. of England At present Honoured with an University and Parliament and is a place of good Trade Near to this City is the small Village called Greve which yields those Excellent Wines called Graves Wine About the year 1259. Lewis of France gave unto Henry the Third of England the Dutchy of Guien conditionally that he should renounce all Title to his other Inheritances It continued English till 1452. In the particular Guien is the Province Saintonge whose chief place is Saintes Mediolanum of old Strab. Mediolanium Ptol. Cit. Santorum Ant. 2. The Province of Perigort whose chief place is Perigueux Vessuna of Ptol. Cit. Petrogoriorum Ant. Environed with Viney-Downs divided into two Towns. 3. The Province of Limosin whose chief place is Limoges Ratiastum Ptol. Lemovicum al. Lemavicum Am the Prison of Beggers 4. The Province of Querci whose chief place is Cahors Dueona Ptol. Cit. Cadorcorum Ant. a Rich and Fair City 5. The Province of Rovergue whose chief place is Rodez Segodunun Ptol. Cit. Rotenorum Ant. In the Province of Gascoign are several Countries whose chief Cities or Towns are Bazas Cossium of Ptol. Cit. Vasatum Ant. Dax or D'Acqs Aquae Augustae of Ptol. Cit. Aqueâ—sium Ant. Auch Augusta of Ptol. Cit. Ausciorum Ant. an Archbishops See. Agen Aginium Ptol. Agennensium Ant. Condom Condomum a Bishoprick Bajonne Baiona Merc. near Spain In the middle of the small River Vidosa between France and Spain is the Island Faisans not mention'd by any Geographer I know of where Cardinal Mazarine and Don Lewis of Harro began the Pyrenean Treaty the 13 Aug. 1659. and whence in the year 1660. hapned the Interview between the two Kings and the Reception of the Iafanta when the Island was divided in the middle and a House built so that at the Table where the two Kings sate to eat the King of France sate in France and the King of Spain in Spain In the Government of Lionoise are the several Provinces of Lionoise Avergne Bourbon and March. In Lionoise the chief City is Lyons by the Ancients Lugdunum seated upon the conjunction of the Rosne with the Soane esteemed the second City of France a Famous Mart-Town Ancient and the See of an Arch-Bishop who is Primate of all France In Avergne is Cleremont Claro Montium upon its high Mountain In Bâ—urbon Moulins the Centre of France Molinum of old much resorted unto from all parts of France for its Hot Medicinal Baths Gergobia al. Gergobina Caesar teste Parad. Belfor In March Gueret and Bellac are the most considerable In the Government of Languedoc are 1. Tholouse Talosa Caes Strab. Ptolomy Seated on the Garonne the Seat of an Arch-Bishop and an University near whose large Fields called by old Writers Campi Catalaunici which I rather think to be the Fields near Chalons memorable for the overthrow of Attila King of the Huns whose Army consisted of 500000 of which 180000 that day lost their lives by Aetius the Roman Lieutenant who was rewarded by Valentinian Emperor of the West with the loss of his Head. 2. Narbon Narbo of Caes Plin. Narbona Suet. A. Mar. in the Roman Infancy the most Populous and greatest Town in France and the first Roman Colony Carthage Excepted To which Archelaus Son to Herod King of the Jews was banished by Augustus 3. Montpillier Montpessulanus seated on a high Mountain twelve miles from the Sea an University for the Study of Physick the Country about affording variety of Medicinal Herbs memorable for the Resistance it made against Lewis the XIII in the last Civil War about Religion Nismes Nemausus Strab. Mel. Nemausium Plin. Ptol. Nemausensium Ant. In the year 1270. Languedoc returned to the Crown in the days of Philip the Third In the Government of Dolphin which is the Title of the first Son of France is Vienna Situate on the Rosne an A. B.'s See and the chief of this Province 2. Valence a Bishops See and University for the Civil Law a Rich Strong and well Traded Town the Title of Caesar Borgia when he cast off his Cardinals Hat. 3. Grenoble Cit. Gratianopolita Ant. Accusionorum Col. Ptol. Grationopolis Sido P. Diac. a Parliament-Seat Briancon Bigantio Ant. Gap Cit. Apencensium Ant. c. Of the Seven Wonders of Dauphine see Allard Sylva in Latin Verse which are 1. The Burning Fountain 2. The Tower Sane Venin 3. The inaccessible Mountain 4. The Wine-Fats of Sassinage 5. The Vinous Fountain 6. The Manna of Briancon 7. And the Fountain of Barberon Provence took its name from the Romans who being called in by the Marsillians possessed themselves of this Country until Stilico called in the Burgundians of which Kingdom it was a member until the time of the Ostrogoths Anno 504. In the year 1480. Rhene Grandchild to Lewis Duke of Anjou Brother to Charles the First gave it to the Lewis the Eleventh King of France Chief Towns are 1. Marseilles Massillia commodiously seated on the Mediterranean Sea enjoying an Excellent Haven and Road for Ships a place of great Trade and well frequented with Merchants and a Colony of the Phocians 2. Aix Aqua Sextiae a Parliament Seat near this Town the Cimbri consisting of 300000 fighting men as they passed by Marius asked his Soldiers what Service they would command them to Rome but in their march through the Alpes having divided themselves Marius put them all to the Sword who had slain Q. Servilius Caepio and his whole Army after his surprisal and pillaging of the Aurum Tolosanum 3. Arles Arelate Plin. Arelatum Col. Ptol. 4. Toulon Tauroentium Ptol. Taurentium Strab. the best Sea-port Town in all France On the North-West of Provence lies the Principality of Orange whose chief place is Orange Arausia Plin. Arusio Strab. Col. Arausiorum Ptol. C. Arausinorum Ant. Famous for many Rare and Wonderful Antiquities belonging of Ancient Right to his Illustrious Highness the Prince of Orange but of late years seized upon by the French King. South of which lies the County of Venasin so called from Avenio now Avignon the chief City of it Famous for being the Ancient Seat of the Popes for about 70 years said to have 7 Parish-Churches 7 Monasteries 7 Nunneries 7 Palaces 7 Inns and 7 Gates to its Walls To these Governments might be added Lorrain the French Comte Alsace most part of the Spanish Provinces
such miles are exactly equal to a Degree I shall here note that no Country doth in all parts of its Territories make use of the same extent in measuring The Germans have their great little and ordinary miles the Leagues of France and Spain are of different lengths and so are the miles in our own Country The Earth as was said before is encompassed about with the Water which washing and surrounding the dry Land cuts out and shapes so many winding Bays Creeks and meandring Inlets and seems no where so much confined and penned as in the Straits of Magellan from whence again expatiating it spreads its self into two immense and almost boundless Oceans which give Terminaries to the four Regions of the Earth and extending it self round them all is but one continued Ocean The Water is either Ocean Seas Straits Creeks Lakes or Rivers The Ocean is a general Collection or Rendezvouz of all Waters The Sea is a part of the Ocean and is either exterior lying open to the shore as the British or Arabian Seas or interior lying within the Land to which you must pass through some Strait as the Mediterranean or Baltick Seas A Strait is a narrow part or Arm of the Ocean lying betwixt two Shores and opening a way into the Sea as the Straits of Gibralter the Hellespont c. A Creek is a small narrow part of the Sea that goeth up but a little way into the Land otherwise called a Bay a Station or Road for Ships A Lake is that which continually retains and keeps Water in it as the Lakes Nicurgua in America and Zaire in Africa A River is a small Branch of the Sea flowing into the Land courting the Banks whilst they their Arms display to embrace her silver waves Of the Names of the Ocean According to the four Quarters it had four Names From the East it was called the Eastern or Oriental Ocean from the West the Western or Occidental Ocean from the North the Northern or Septentrional and from the South the Southern or Meridional Ocean But besides these more general Names it hath other particular Appellations according to the Countries it boundeth upon and the Nature of the Sea As it lies extended towards the East it is called the Chinean Sea from the adjacent Country of China Towards the South 't is called Oceanus Indicus or the Indian Sea because upon it lies the Indians Where it touches the Coast of Persia it is called Mare Persicum So also Mare Arabicum from Arabia So towards the West is the Ethiopian Sea. Then the Atlantick Ocean from Atlas a Mountain or Promontory in Africa but more Westward near to America it is called by the Spaniards Mar del Nort and on the other side of America it is called Mar del Zur or Mare Pacificum Where it toucheth upon Spain it is called Oceanus Hispanicus by the English the Bay of Biscay The Sea between England and France is called the Channel between England and Ireland the Irish Sea Between England and Holland it is called by some the German or rather the British Ocean Beyond Scotland it is called Mare Caledonium higher towards the North it is called the Hyperborean or Frozen Sea more Eastward upon the Coast of Tartary the Tartarian Sea or Scythian Ocean c. The Names of the Inland Seas are 1. The Baltick Sea by the Dutch called the Oast Zee by the Inhabitants Die Belth lying between Denmark and Sweden the chief Entrance whereof is called the Sound 2. Pontus Euxinus or the Black Sea to which joyns Meâ—tis Palus now Mar de Zabacke The third is the Caspian or Hircanian Sea. The fourth is the Arabian Gulf Mare Erythaeum Mare Rubeum or the Red Sea. The fifth is the Persian Gulf or the Gulf de Elcatif The sixth is Mare Mediterraneum by the English the Straits by the Spaniards Mar de Levant the beginning or entrance of it is called the Straits of Gibralter rather Gibal-Tarif Now that all Places Cities Towns Seas Rivers Lakes c. may be readily found out upon the Globe or Map all Geographers do or should place them according to their Longitude and Latitude the use of which in the absolute sense is to make out the position of any Place in respect of the whole Globe or to shew the Scituation and distance of one place from and in respect of any other Longitude is the distance of a place from the first Meridian reckoned in the degrees of the Equator beginning by some at the Canaries by others at the Azores by reason of which Confusion I have made the Longitudes in this English Geography to begin from London and are reckoned Eastward and Westward according as they are situated from London on the top of the Map. And have also added the Longitude from the Tenerif round about the Globe of the Earth at the bottom of the Map as usually in the Dutch Maps that so you may by inspection only see the Truth or Error if you compare them with the Tables or Maps formerly Extant The Latitude of a place is the distance of the Equator from that place reckoned in the degrees of the great Meridian and is either North or South according as it lies between the North and South-Poles of the Equator EVROPE is divided into these Kingdoms or Estates  Cities Modern Cities Old. Northwards The Isles of Great Britain or England Scotland Wales and Ireland c. London Londinium Edinburgh Alata Castra Welshpool Trillinum Dublin Eblana Scandinavia contains the Kingdoms of Denmark Norway Sweden Copenhagen Haphnia Berghen Bergae Stockholm Holmia The several Kingdoms of Russia or Moscovia L'Arcangel Archangelopolis Moskow Moscha The Estates of the Kingdom of Poland Cracow and Cracovia Dantzick Gedanum In the Middle The Northern Estates of Turkie in Europe Tartaria Europa Walachia Moldavia Transilvania Hungaria Caffa Theodosia Tarvis Targoviscum Jassy Jassium Weissemburg Alba Julia Buda Sicambia The Empire of Germany Vienna Ala Flaviana The Estates or Republicks of Switzerland 7Vnited Provinces 10 Spanish Provinc Zurick Tigurium Amsterdam Amsterodamum Antwerpen Andoverpum Kingdom or 12 Gover. of France Paris Lutetia Southwards Kingdoms Principal of Spain Madrid Madritum The Kingdom of Portugal Lisbon Olysippo Estates of the Duke of Savoy c. Chambery Cameriacum Kingdoms and Estates in Italy Rome Roma The Kingdom and Isle of Sicily Messina Messana The Southern Estates of Turkie in Europe Sclavonia Croatia Dalmatia Ragusa Bosnia Servia Bulgaria Romania Zagrab Sisopa Vihitz Vihitza Zara Jadera Ragusa Epidaurus Bosna Serai Jayeza Belgrade Alba Graeca Sophia Sardica Constantinople Byzantium The Estates of Greece Athini Athaenae The Islands of Negropont Candia Sardinia c. Negropont Eubaea Candia Matium Cagliari Calaris Of Europe EVROPE by Robt. Morden EVROPE one of the four great Parts of the World is also the most considerable in Respect of the Beauty of her Kingdoms and Commonwealths the Politeness of her Inhabitants the Excellent Government of her Cities as also in Regard
Electorates Mayence Treves Cologn Bohemia Bavaria Saxony Brandenburgh and the Palatinate of the Rhine 5. One Arch-Duke the Duke of Austria 6. Two Great Dukes of Moscovy and Toscany The Prince of the first assumes the Title of Emperor and indeed it is a Dukedom on which depends thirty other Dutchies and three Kingdoms This Duke is absolute over his Subjects and is called by the general Name of Gran Czar 7. Six Sovereign Dukedoms besides those that are under the Empire Savoy Lorrain Mantua Modena Parma and Curland 8. Four Principalities that depend upon the Turks Transilvania Walachia Moldavia and the lesser Tartary 9. Seven Commonwealths the Seven Vnited Provinces Switzerland Venice Genoa Geneva Luca and Ragusa To which some add the Commonwealth of Marine in Italy Lastly A great number of Principalities and Imperial Free Towns enjoying a Soveraignty in their Territories but yet they acknowledg a Superior Power The Ecclesiastical Government of Europe in general is either Papal owning the Pope as Supream or Episcopal owning the King as Supream in all Cases and Archbishops and Bishops under him Or Superintendant which is a kind of Episcopal among the Lutherans but yet owning no Head of the Church on Earth neither Pope nor King nor Civil Magistrate There is also the Presbyterian or Synodical owning a Presbytery a Synod or Lay-Elders c. as Supream but no Bishops or Superintendants There are four Principal Languages reckon'd to be spoken in this Part of the World Tutonick Latin Greek and Sclavonian The Tutonick is of three sorts High Dutch in Germany Saxon in England and Scotland Danish in Denmark Sweden Norway and Ireland The Latin is corrupted into Italian French and Spanish The Greek had formerly four Dialects the Attick Ionick Dorick and Aeolick The Sclavonian Language runs through all Sclavonia Bohemia Poland and Moscovy and all the Turkish Empire in Europe There are also seven other Languages of less Note which are used in Europe The Albanian or Epirotick in Epirus and Macedonia The Cosack or Tartarian in part of Poland and Tartary The Hungarian or Bulgarian in Servia Bosnia Bulgaria and Hungary c. the Finick in Finmark and Lapland Irish in Ireland and Scotland The British is spoken in Wales Cornwal and in Britany in France Biscayn is spoken only in Biscany neer to the Cantabrian Ocean or Bay of Biscay ENGLAND SCOTLAND IRELAND by Robt. Morden Of the British Isles UNDER this Title are Comprehended several distinct and famous Islands the whole Dominion whereof now United is under the Command of the King of Great Britain c. Bounded on the North and West with the Hyperborean and Ducalidonean Ocean on the South divided from France with the English Channel on the East separated from Denmark and Belgia with the British by some call'd the German Ocean But on all sides environed with Turbulent Seas guarded with Dangerous Rocks and Sands defended with strong Forts and walled with a Potent and Royal Navy Of these Islands one is very large formerly called Albion now Great Britain comprehending two Kingdoms England and Scotland The other of lesser extent makes one Kingdom called Ireland The other smaller adjacent Isles are comprehended under one or other of these three Kingdoms according to the Situation and Congruity with them Many are the Changes and Alterations that these Islands have received in their Governments since their Original discovery they were first possessed by divers People independent one upon the other supposed to be the Britains descended from the Gauls for at the Entrance of the Romans the Island of Great Britain was divided into several Nations each Governed by its own King and particular Princes different in their Ends and Counsels and so the more easily subdued by the United Roman Force After the Romans the English Saxons were called in by the Britains to aid them against the Picts The Inhabitants of Scotland who after the common manner of forreign Auxiliaries soon seized the better Part for themselves and established Seven Kingdoms commonly called the Saxon Heptarchy Forcing the Britains the Ancient Proprietors to retire some into Britain in France from whence some think they first came but most of them into the Western and Mountainous Part called by the Saxons Walish Land now Wales where their Posterity still remains The State of England in the time of Ptolomy living in the Reign of the Emperor Antoninus Pius about the year of Rome 892 and about 95 years since the Conquest thereof by the Emperour Claudius Caesar Also a Table of the Saxon Heptarchy Ancient Inhabitants Counties Names Ancient Names of the Towns. The present Names Saxon Heptarchy The Cantii of Kent Durovernum Rutupiae or Ritupis Canterbury Richborough vulgo Rochester Kingdom of Kent The Rhegni or Rhegini of Surry Sussex Naeomagus or Noviomagus Vindonis Woodcot-Hill near Wimbleton Wilchelsey Kingdom of the South Saxons The Iceni or Simeni of Norfolk Suffolk Cambridgshire and Huntingtonshire Venta Icenorum Villa Faustini Caster St. Edmondsbury Kingdom of the East Angles The Trinobantes or Trinoantes Middlesex Essex Hartfordshire Part Londinium Camudolanum or Camulodunum or Camalodunum London Maldon in Essex Kingdom of the East Saxons The Brigantes The Otalini or Otadenii York shire Cumberland Lancashire Durham Westmerland Northumberland Isurium Eboracum Olicana Camulodunum Epiacum Rhigodunum Vinovium Caturactonium Calatum Curia Bremenium Aldburrow York Inkley Almondbury Papcastle Riblechester Binchester Catarick in Richm. Wheallep Castle Corbridg Rochester The Kingdom of the Northumbers which was divided into two Kingdoms viz. Deira and Bernicia Catvellani or Catyeuchlani Coritani or Coritavi Dobuni or Dodunni Cornavii Part of the Silures Bedfordshire Buckinghamshire Part of Hartfordshire Lincolnshire Leicestershire Rutlandshire Northamptonshire Nottinghamshire Darbyshire Glocestershire Oxfordshire Cheshire Shropshire Staffordshire Worcestershire Warwickshire Herefordshire Salenae Lactodurum Verolamium Lindum Ragae or Ratis Bennaventa Corinium Deva or Devana Viroconium Brannogenium Manduessedum Ariconium Sanday Stonystratford Verulam Lincoln Leicester Wedon Cirenchester Westchester Wroxcester Worcester Manchester Kenchester The Kingdom of Mercia Dummonii Belgae Durotriges Atrebati Cornwall Devonshire Somersetshire Wiltshire Hantshire Dorsetshire Barkshire Uxela or Uzela Voliba Isca Augusta Aquae Calidae Venta Belgarum Dunium or Durnovaria Nalcaea or Caleva Lystwithiel Falmouth Exceter Bath Winchester Dorchester Wallingford The kingdom of the West Saxons After this the Danes broke in like a Violent flood upon the Northumbers and though often vanquished yet being as often victorious they at last seized on the Monarchy of England which was sometimes held by the Danes sometimes by the Saxons till William Duke of Normandy took it from Harold and established the Monarchy which hath ever since continued in a Succession of Seven and twenty Princes down to our Present Gracious Soveraign King James the Second Of ENGLAND ENGLAND by Roâ—â— Morden A Table containing the Counties or Shires their Titles Cities and Towns their Latitude computed distance and Measured distance from London The number of Market-Towns of Parliament-men of Parishes in each County and their ancient Name
Midlefare Swinberg with several other good Towns four Royal Castles and 264 Villages besides Gentlemens Houses Alsen is a small Island belonging to the Dukedom of Sleswick whose chief place is the Castle of Sunderberg giving Name to a Branch of the Royal Family the Duke of Holstein Sunderberg Arroe or Aria is a small Island belonging also to the Duke of Sleswick Langland and Laland the first is the largest the other the most plentiful in Corn and Chesnuts whose chief place is Naskow a Town well Fortified Falster is a small Island fertile in Corn its chief place is Nicopin of a pleasant situation called the Naples of Denmark Mone Isle is about twelve Miles long and six broad the chief place is Stekoo where the Swedish Forces found a greater resistance than in any of the other Islands Huen or Ween is remarkable for the observations of that famous Astronomer Tycho Brahe The Island of Bornholm was granted to the Crown of Sweden by the late Treaty of Peace but since the Danes have exchanged it for an equivolent propriety of certain Lands in Schonen Cross we now over the Sound and take notice of the other part of this Kingdom which lies on the East Continent called Scandia under which general Name it contains the whole Kingdom of Norway the greater part of the Kingdom of Sweden and some part of Denmark That which belongs to Denmark is divided into three Provinces Haland Schonen and Bleking now under the King of Sweden by the Roschilt Treaty yet here mentioned because the places in the Map are more plainly seen than in the Map of Sweden Haland is a Province for fertility of Soil sweetness of Air store of Fish plenty of Lead and Brass Mines scarce inferior to any its chief places are Wansbourg Laholm Helmstat Falkenburg and Torkow Schonen is the pleasantest Country in all Denmark most abundant in fruits and shoals of Herrings its chief places are Lunden the Metropolitan Archbishoprick of Denmark with its famous Dial where the Year Month Week Day and Hour throughout the Year as also the Motions of the Sun and Moon through each Degree of the Zodiack the movable and fixed Feasts c. are distinctly seen being finely adorned and set forth in variety of delightful Colours Other places are Goburgam or Elsinberg Fortified with an impregnable Castle and one of the Forts defending the Sound over against Cronenburg Lanscroon Corona-Scaniae Malmogia or Elbogen Tillburg Vdsted Walleburg Simmers-haven and Christiernstadt or Christiern-dorp Bleking is Mountainous and barren its chiefest places are Christianâ—ple Ahuys Selborg Ellholm Rotenby and Carels-haven often mentioned in the late Wars It hath been an Hereditary Kingdom ever since the year 1660 for before it was Elective so the Nobility do not enjoy those Priviledges which they did before The King stiles himself Earl of Oldenburg and Delmenherst as being the Eighth King of that House to which the Crown of Denmark fell in the year 1448 by the Election of Christiern the first and is to this day in their possession The opinion of Luther hath been entertained in Denmark ever since the Reign of Frederick the First who was Elected Anno 1523 so that there are two Archbishops and thirteen Bishops for Denmark The Forces of this Kingdom may be known by their former and now late Undertakings against the Swedes by which it appears that they can raise a strong power at Sea and make good Levies at Land for defence of their own Dominions The Revenue of this King consists chiefly in the great Impost laid upon all Ships which pass through the Sound which is the Key of the Baltick also in some Crown-Lands a great yearly Toll made of the Cattel as also of the Fish transported into other Countries The Danes are generally of good Stature clear of Complexion and healthful crafty and provident in their affairs peremptory in their assertions and opinionated of their Actions Religious Just in their Words and Contracts good Soldiers both at Sea and Land. The Women are fair discreet and courteous fruitful of Children The Danish Ladies love hunting and more freely entertain at their Tables than in their Beds those that come to visit them For great Captains and men of War it is famous for Godfrey or Gotricus who endangered the Empire of France for Sweno and Canutus the Conquerours of England For men of Learning Tycho Brahe the Prince of Astronomers Hemingius a Learned Divine Bertholinus a Physician and Philosopher John Cleverius the Historian and Geographer Of the KINGDOM of NORWAY NOrvegia Lat. Nerigos Plin. Norway Angl. contains the Western part of the Peninsula of Scandinavia the Eastern part being part of Swedeland A long ridg of Mountains making the separation leaving Norway toward the Ocean and Swedeland toward the Baltick Sea. From hence are transported Train-Oyl Pitch Stock-fish Masts for Ships Deal-boards The Coast of Norway though of a large extent has few good Ports by reason of the small Islands and Rocks that inviron it and the Gulf of Maelstroom which swallows and endangers all the Ships that come nigh it Herbinius tells us that this Northern Charybdis or Vorago by the Inhabitants Moskestroom is forty miles in extent Kircher saith 't is thirteen miles in Circumference that it hath a motion ascending and descending six Hours by sucking in waters and as many throwing them forth again That part which lyes toward the Pole is full of Forests and Mountains wherein there are some few Mines of Copper and Iron In the year 1646 was discovered near Opslow or Anslo a Mine of very good Gold which gave the Inhabitants occasion to say that they had got the Northern Indies But that Boast endured no longer than the Mine which presently vanished for fear of being riâ—ed Opslo Ansloye Galis the Ansloga of old it was burnt down in the time of Christiern the Fourth King of Denmark and since called Christiana 't is a Bishops See. Aggerhad is a Castle near to it full North from Seagen the most Northern point of Jutland Stafanger is a Sea-Town with a good Port near which is the Fort Doeswick There is the Herb Ossifraga of Norway which sna s the bones of Cattel that tread upon it East of Drontheim lies the Country of Jemperland formerly part of Norway but was by the Treaty of Bromsbroo Anno 1645 yielded to the Swedes to whom it is still subject This Kingdom has five Governments with as many Castles Bahus Aggerhus Berghen-hus Dronthem-hus and Ward-hus That of Bahus with a Castle of the same name upon a Rock was delivered to the Swedes by the Treaty of Roschilt Berghen is the better City the Seat of the Vice-Roy with a new Fort called Fredericksburg and a Port into which Vessels have an easier entrance and where they are safe from the Winds by reason of the high Mountains which inviron it the Merchants of the Hans-Towns have there a House and a Magazine Dronthem in Latin Nidrosia the Court of the ancient Kings of
of a Channel which Drusus formerly made stands Deventer Daventria Davontria a Capital City being a famous Passage over the Yssel first taken by the Earl of Leicester for the States And in Drent stands Coeverden Coverdia one of the most Regular Pentagons in Europe And Zwol the Suvolla of old Friesland Frissia affords good and strong Horses and Cattel of an excessive bigness It has been Governed by Princes and Dukes and as they say by Kings too who kept their Courts at Staveren Stauria Franiker Franicheria is an University Leuwarden Levardia Leovardum has a Parliament and Dockum Docum the Admiralty of the Province Schelling Schellingia is a small Island upon the Coast wherein are several Towers that give Signals to Vessels Groeningen that has the last Voice in the Assembly of the States-General has but two Cities Groeningen Groninga and Dam Damum Groningen is of that consequence by reason of its Situation on the Frontiers that the Duke of Alva had designed a Cittadel there In the year 1672. the Bishop of Munster not able to take that City yet took several other Towns from the Dutch. The Province is full of Pasturage which affords good stuff for firing The chief Commodities of the Natural growth of these Provinces are Butrer and Cheese the rest being Manufacturies which they make out of such Materials as they fetch out of other Countries But the Commodity that hath been of greatest Advantage to them is Fish and that not caught upon their own Coast neither Their Herring-Trade by computation is worth 450000 l. per Annum And that of Cod-fish 150000 l. Sterling Yearly Generally the people are inclined to Navigation and a Sea-faring Life and many being Born on Shipboard and bred up at Sea know no other Country so that their Natural inclination and necessity of employing themselves that way hath exceedingly increased their Shipping so that 't is thought they are Masters of more Ships and Vessels of all forts than almost all Europe besides But that which is the just Admiration of all Men these Seven Provinces are become greater and more potent than Seventeen in riches and power Nay they have out-done some of the greatest Princes in Europe Their Cities are many and splendid and yet there are more Sects among them than Cities and almost as many Creeds as Heads yet so Wise in their Meetings as never to Discourse of Religion Their Country in general for its Dimensions is fullâ—r of People Cities Towns Castles Forts Bulwarks c. for Military Defence than any one Country in Europe Their Naval Forces prodigious befitting Wonders rather than Words even a terrour to the great Princes of the World. For their Trade it far exceeds that of the Neighbouring Princes and in the Oeconomy of it much more prudently managed To every Town they Assign some Staple Commodity as to Dort the German Wines and Corn to Middleburgh the French and Spanish Wines to Rotterdam formerly now to Dort the English Cloth To Harlem Knitting and Weaving c. which maketh their Towns so equally rich and populous One Miraculous Accident I must not forget because mentioned by all Writers viz. That Margaret Sister to Earl Floris the 4th being about 42 years of Age brought forth at one Birth 365 Children half Males half Females the odd one a Hermaphrodite they were all Christened by Guido Suffragan to the Bishop of Vtrecht in two Basons which are yet to be seen at the Church of Lasdunen the Males John the Females Elizabeths immediately after they all died and their Mother also Of the SPANISH Netherlands The Spanish PROVINCES vulgo FLANDERS by Robert Mordon at the Atlas in Cornhil THESE Provinces are so called because Subject to the Monarchy of Spain It carries also the Name of Flanders from that Province which is the fairest the richest and the best Peopled part Of these Spanish Provinces four are Frontiers of France the Counties of Flanders Artois Hainault and the Dutchy of Luxemburgh Five in the middle viz. The Dukedom of Brabant the Marquisate of the Holy Empire the Signory of Malines the County of Namur and the Dutchy of Limburgh There are also two Feifs of the Empire the Bishoprick of Leige and the Arch-Bishoprick of Cambray The Kings of Spain were once Masters of these Provinces and for the preservation thereof have expended a good part of their Gold and Silver brought from the Indies in the Wars they maintained against the Dutch and French. The County of Flanders Flandria Latinis Vlaenderen by the Inhabitants Flandre French Flandes Spaniards Flandra Italians is so full of People that it seems to be but one great City and the loveliest County in Christendom All along the Coast lie banks of Sand that cover very Rich places In the Neighbouring Sea are several Sands and Shelves nevertheless Ships Ride there safe enough It formerly was divided into Dutch Flanders Gallican Flanders and Imperial Flanders This belonged sometimes unto the Kingdom of West France and held by the Princes thereof under the Fief of this Crown quitted unto Philip the Second King of Spain and to the Heirs of the House of Burgundy by Henry the Second King of France and the League of Cambray In Flanders the principal places are Gaunt Bruges Ipres and Lille Gaunt Gandaurum Ghendt Gand by the French is one of the biggest Cities of Europe But though it have several Rivers that still bring a Trade to it yet has it not the five and thirty thousand Families that Anciently it had when it was able to Arm four and twenty thousand Men. 'T is famous for the birth of Charles the Fifth and of John Duke of Lancaster commonly called John of Gaunt Bruges Brugae is the best Built in the Province and the Citizens are the handsomest and most Gentile in all the Low-Countries The Spaniards who had the Channel of this City stopped up by the taking of Sluce have some few years since made another able to receive Vessels of four hundred Tun. Ostend Ostenda is a Town whose Haven they can never block up and which was once the Theater of War when it held out a Siege for above three years being Garisoned by the English and under Sir Horatio Vere who was then Governour thereof at which Siege the Spaniards are said to have lost one hundred thousand men Ypres has so many Channels and conveyances of Water under ground that it is said the Foundations are of Lead Lille Insula Gal. L'Isle Incol Ryssel or Ter Issel upon Dole the Capital of Walloon-Flanders is one of the best in the Low-Countries by Reason of its Wealth and Commerce All the other places of Flanders are generally considerable either for their Beauty or for their Fortification for eminent Sieges or Remarkable Battels Tournay Tornacum Dornick Baganum of Ptol. Civit. Turnacensium of Ant. an Ancient City is fair great strong rich and well Peopled This was the first Town that submitted to the King of France after a formal Siege
who has set up a Parliament and built a very strong Cittadel to secure it It is observed of Tournay that it was taken four several times upon St. Andrews day 1. By Henry the VIII King of England 2. By the Emperor Maximilian the First 3. By the Emperor Charles the Fifth 4. By the Duke of Parma Douay Dracum upon the Confines of Artois and Haynault is indifferent strong the Church of Nostredam is about 1200 Years old It is a Staple of Corn and Honoured with an University Courtray Cortracum upon the Lis an Ancient Town and of great Importance by reason of its Situation 't is the best in the County next the Capital places and the Inhabitants are excellent Artists in Diapring Linnen-Cloaths Dunkirk Dunquerea Duinkerk a Town of great Importance by reason of the conveniency of the Port and is one of the most considerable Purchases of the French King taken by the Duke of Orleance 1644. Graveline Gravelinga Grevelinghen not far from it a very considerable and strong Town Furna Furnes the Residence of Lovis the XI during his Retirement with the Duke of Burgundy The Soil is so fertile that the Low-Countries as the Natives say would have produced as much Riches as the Indies had all their Territories been as fruitful as that of Furnes Near Niue or Neoportus was fought that memorable Battel betwixt the Arch-Duke Albert and the States where by the valour of the English and the excellent conduct of those Noble and gallant persons Sir Francis and Sir Horatio Vere the Victory next under God was gained for the States Artois Artesia United to the Crown of France by the Pyraenean Treaty from which it was dismember'd is a Province extraordinary fertile in Corn. Arras Gallis Artrebatum the Origiacum Ptol. Atrecht Belgis the Capital City thereof consists of a High and Low Town both very strong since the last Conquests of the French King the River which belongs to it has been made Navigable for Vessels to go beyond Doway Hesdin Hesdinum is a Regular Hexagon by which the River was Navigable as far as Montrevil Bapaume Bapalma is a place that cannot well be Besieged because there is no Water in all the Neighbourhood Lins is famous for the Victory of the French in the year 1648. where the Prince of Ligne and the Marquis of Grana were taken with 20 Captains 6000 and 200 common Soldiers 40 Great Guns and 90 Insigns Bethune makes excellent good Cheese And Terroane Tervanna Terwin is known by its Ruins St. Omers Audomaropolis Fannum S. Aadomari is a strong City surrounded with Marshes wherein there are Floating Islands Haynault Hannona by the Dutch Henegow according to the Report of the Inhabitants and the Records of the Province acknowledgeth only God and the Sun for their Supreme Lords however it has now two other Lords the French King and the King of Spain Mons Montes by the Dutch Bergben the Capital City Fortified with three Moats is Governed by a Soveraign Council Independent from the Parliament of Malines It has also Canonesses that prove their Nobility for 300 Races and are permitted to Marry Near Mons the valiant Earl of Ossory did wonders and so desperately engaged the French that the Duke of Luxemburg was never so roughly handled This County of Hainault contains four Principalities Barbancon Chimai Conde and Ligne 3 Marquisates Aisaux Terlon Vergnies and 15 Counts The Estate is ancient being sometimes a part of the great Earldom of Ardenne from which it was divided and made a distinct Earldom by Alberick Sirnamed the Orpheline one of the youngest Sons of Brunulph Count of Ardenne slain by Dagobert a French King who had this part with title of Earl given him by Sigebert King of Austrasia to be held under the Soveraignty of the French Kings After long continuance and often changes it was by Jaqueline the last Princess wanting Heirs surrendered together with Holland Zealand and West-Friesland united in Families unto Philip the Good Duke of Burgundy her next Kinsman In whose House the right but the possession in the French King now remaineth at least the greatest part Valentiennes Valentiana is a great fair and well fortified place taken by the French 1677. lying upon the Scheld Quercetum Quesnoy Landdecium Landrecy Avenna Avesnes Philippevilla Philipville and Marienburgh Mariaburgum are strong places all in the French Kings Power as also Aeth Athum a considerable Town together with Binch Binchium Marimont not far from it was one of the fairest Houses in all the Country Mary Queen of Hungary having omitted nothing that might adorn the Structure The Battel of Senef 1674. was one of the most remarkable Exploits of that exquisite General the Prince of Conde Luxemburgensis Ducatus The Dutchy of Luxemburg Luceburgum so called from the Image of the Sun there worshipped It is a strong place of Defence but surrendred to the French 1684. It was sometimes a part of the Principality of Aâ—â—enne By â—â—e Emperor Charles the Fourth made a Dukedom in the person of his brother Wenceslaus By Elizabeth the last Princess wanting Heirs it was sold to Philip the Good Duke of Burgoign Has a City that bears the same Name Thionville Theodonis Villa Lewis the 14th of France was not much advanced in the fifth year of his Age ere he began to triumph over his Enemies at the memorable Battel of Rocroy 1643. and the gaining of Thionville by the Conduct of the Duke D'Anguien Montmedi Mons Medius Danvilliers Damuillâ—rium belong to the French King And Yuoix Yuodium by the French Carigan There are some Lands in the Forest of Arden that belong to the Bishop of Liege that is to say Bovilion Bullionium with the Title of a Dutchy and a strong Castle upon the Rock or high Hill whereof was named that famous Godfry of Builâ—on Duke of Lorrain and the first of the Latins King of Jerusalem St. Hubert to whom the Huntsmen make particular Devotions And Rochefort that beheld the French Victors over the Spaniards at the Battel of Avin in the year 1635. Brabant Brabantia in the middle of the Low-Countries has four Capital Cities of as many Countries Brussels Lovaine Breda and Boisleduc Brussels Bruxella is a City very well Peopled the Seat of the Governour in whose Palace is room enough to lodg several Kings The Channel that runs to Antwerp is one of the greatest Undertakings in the Low-Countries wherein there are prodigious Sluices for the Making whereof Sums of Money no less prodigious were expended The Church of St. Gudula is one of the fairest in all the Country The Neighbourhood of the Forest of Sognies lies very convenient for Hunting Lovaine Lovanium which some affirm to be the Capital City of Brabant is one of the biggest Cities of Europe with a famous University which gives the Natives occasion to call it a City of Scholars Brussels a City of Curtesans Antwerp a City of Merchants and Malines a City of Advocates by reason of its Parliament Tillemont was taken
water'd with Rivers and Lakes full of Fish Pity it is that so noble an Island and so populous should continue so long uncivilized and corrupted with Mahumetism and Heathenism and estranged from God and Virtue and seated so advantageously for Traffick with all the World. They transport from thence Rice Hides Wax Gums Christal Steel Copper Ebony and Woods of several sorts Among the Natives there are both Blacks and Whites generally Strong Active and Couragious delighted with Sports and Novelties Hunting Hawking Fishing and Dancing are their Recreations Nature abhorring cruelty instructs them to punishâ—â—â—ther with Death Adultery with publick Shame These with Banishment Ignorant they are in Agriculture and Learning for to them Nil scire nihil Jucundius There are in Madagascar a great number of particular Lords who bear the Title of Rohandrians who are continually at War among themselves for their Cattle The English Portugals and Hollanders have sometimes set footing there The English in the Bay of St. Augustin and at Port del Gada The Portugals in the Bay of Gallions The Hollanders in the Bay of Antongil But since the erecting Fort Dauphine the French have assum'd to themselves all the Eastern and Southern part of the Isle Madagascar sits as Empress amongst many smaller Islands which do as it were inviron and defend her The Chief whereof are the Isle Burbon otherwise called Mascarenhas twenty five Leagues long and fourteen broad it belongs at this day wholly to the French. In this Island there is a Mountain that vomits Fire but the rest of the Land is the best and most pleasant in the World for the Waters are very wholesome and there are most of the Commodities which are in the Island of Madagascar This is also call'd by our Sea-men Englands Forest The other Islands are Mauritius or Cerne where the Variation was twenty four Degrees and nineteen Minutes teste Herbert An Island abounding with and capable of all things requisite for the necessary use of Man in circuit about one hundred English Miles The Air good the Soil luxuriant in Grass Herbs and Flowers replenished with Trees of several sorts especially with Ebony Cocos and the Palm Tree Saint Apolonia and others the Names and Situations whereof you may see in the Map. Nine Leagues from Madagascar lie the Sholes or Baixos d' India memorably dangerous for Shipwracks as are also John de Nova and Primero or St. Christopher upon the Baixos d' Pracel The Isles of Chumro are four viz. Chumro Motilla where the Variation was sixteen Degrees and twenty Minutes Joanna and Mayotta MALTHA by Rob. Morden MAltha seated almost in the middle of the Mediterranean was formerly call'd Melita from its plenty of Hony. It is said to belong to Africa as being nearer to that Coast than the Coast of Europe and for that the Maltesi partake more of the Customs and Manners of the Africans than of the Europeans The Island had formerly the same Lords as Sicily Now it is the Residence of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem under one Prince whom they call the Grand Master the Patron of the Order The Emperor Charles the Fifth gave it to the Knights who had no certain Residence after the loss of Rhodes having formerly resided at Jerusalem Margat Acra and Limisso in the Island of Cyprus The Order is compos'd of eight Languagues Provinc Auvergne France Italy Aragon England Germany and Castile The three Languages of France have three hundred Commanderies but the rest of the five altogether have no more The name of Knights was not in use at the beginning of the Institution being then call'd the Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem The Soyl of the Island which is not above two Foot deep produces Cuminseed Anniseseed and Cotton Wool here is but little Corn and Wine so that Sicily supplies that defect The Island is not above twenty three Miles in length and twelve broad It is the best fortifi'd place in the World as being the Bulwark of Christendom there being above three hundred Canons mounted upon all her Fortresses The Roses of Maltha contend for sweetness with those of Paestam and the Hony with that of Hybla or Hymettus The Air is clear and healthful and the Inhabitants live long The New City Valetta is fortified with impregnable Walls and Bulworks There are also three other considerable Towns viz. the Isola or the Town Senglea with the Fort of St. Michael which for its stout resistance it made in 1565 against the Turks obtained the Name of Citta Invitta The other the Borgo del Castello a Mare guarded with the Castle St. Angelo for its Valor and Fidelity against the Ottoman Army 1569 was honoured with the Title of Citta Vittoriosa Lastly the Old City called Milita now Citta Notabile about the middle of the Island To which we may add about thirty or forty great Casales or Villages and twenty six Parish Churches the number of Inhabitants according to a Survey taken 1632 were 50112 of which about ¼ may be now accounted fighting Men. The number of Knights are said to be between two or three thousand And the number of Slaves about two thousand belonging to the Order besides three hundred to private Persons besides those in the Gallies The Great Master of the Order is now Prince and Chief Governor of the whole Island and the Island now is in a very flourishing condition so that few Subjects live more happily Gozo of old Gaulos a little Island near to Maltha affords Wheat and other Grain and the Grand Master is call'd Prince thereof It maintains about three thousand Persons and about five hundred Houses in the year 1565 the Turkish Armata most inhumanly wasted it and carried away six thousand Prisoners Between Maltha and Gozo lies a little Island called Comino Hâ—phaestia of old guarded with a Fort opposite to that in Gozo And to the young Knights whose valor deserves reward he gives the Title of Prince of Forfolo which is a Rock not far from the Coast AMERICA AMERICA By R. Morden THIS fourth and last part of the World is call'd the New World new for its last discovery World for its greatness 't is likewise commonly but improperly termed America and often the West Indies what kind of Country it is and what it produceth we now do know in part but shall know better in future Ages This great part of the Earth was unknown to the Europeans until the year 1492 when it pleased Divine Providence God having promised that his Gospel should be preached to all Nations to stir up one Christopher Colon alias Columbus a Genoese who whether by considering the motion of the Sun he did persuade himself that there was another World to which that glorious Planet did Communicate both its Light and Heat when it went from us or whether he was informed of it from Alonso Zanches we know not certain it is this World he purposed to seek after and opening his design to the State of Genoa