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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A05269	The copie of a letter sent out of England to Don Bernardin Mendoza ambassadour in France for the King of Spaine declaring the state of England, contrary to the opinion of Don Bernardin, and of all his partizans Spaniardes and others. This letter, although it was sent to Don Bernardin Mendoza, yet, by good hap, the copies therof aswell in English as in French, were found in the chamber of one Richard Leigh a seminarie priest, who was lately executed for high treason committed in the time that the Spanish Armada was on the seas. Whereunto are adioyned certaine late aduertisements, concerning the losses and distresses happened to the Spanish nauie, aswell in fight with the English nauie in the narrow seas of England, as also by tempests, and contrarie winds, vpon the west, and north coasts of Ireland, in their returne from the northerne isles beyond Scotland.	Burghley, William Cecil, Baron, 1520-1598.; Leigh, Richard, 1561?-1588, attributed name.; Mendoza, Bernardino de, 1540 or 41-1604.	1588 (1588)	STC 15413; ESTC S108408	47,041	60

of the Iesuites that more care and choice be had of such English men as are hereafter to be sent into England and not to send euery yong man that hath more boldnesse then learning and temperance for such a function In the former part of this my declaration to you of the vniuersall concurrence of all men of value wealth and strength in the body of the Realme to serue and defend the Quéene the Realme I forgot to report vnto you the great numbers of Ships of the subiectes of the Realme as of London and other port townes and cities that voluntarily this yeare were armed able to make a full Nauie of themselues for an armie all at the proper costes of the Burgesses for certain moneths with men victuall and munition which did ioyne with the Quéenes owne Nauie all this Sommer a thing neuer in any former age heard of otherwise then that such ships were alwayes hired waged victualled by the Kings of the Realme which argued to the griefe of me and some others a most vehement and vnaccustomed affection deuotion in the Cities and port townes such as they shewed them selues therein ready to fight as it had bene pro aris focis Of the number and strength of the Quéenes owne ships of warre I thinke you haue bene sufficiently enfourmed many times heretofore But yet I will make you a true report of the state of them this present Sommer what I haue credibly heard thereof because I haue bene very sory to heare how you others haue bene therein abused and that not onely in this matter of the Quéenes ships but in some other things also of late whereof some part hath bene here by very many maliciously and in common spéeches imputed to your owne inuention and publication whereof in a few wordes I will make some digression before I shall shewe the estate of the Quéenes Nauie In this Sommer past there was Printed in Paris by your direction as it was reported a notable vntruth which I did sée reade that the King of Scots had besieged Barwicke and had won it by assault and possessed it quietly whereof no part was true nor any cause to imagine the same though I wish it had so bene but not for any good will that I now beare to that King but for the trouble to this Quéene For in truth there is no good for vs to be hoped for from the King of Scots howsoeuer the Scottish Bishops in France haue sought to make you beléeue otherwise who is so rooted in the Caluinists Religion as there is neuer hope that he can be recouered to the church of Rome and so I thinke you are of late duely enfourmed and by his violent actions against diuers Catholiques against all that fauour the Spaniards may certainly appeare And likewise another great vntruth was lately Printed as your enemies say by your direction also in Paris that now in Iuly last when the Spanish Fléete and English had met and fought betwixt France and England the Spaniards had then a great victorie wherein they had sonke the Lord Admirall of England with sixtéene of the Quéenes great ships into the bottome of the Seas and that all the rest were driuen to flie with the Uice admirall Frances Drake Upon these two so notable vntruthes which the Aduersaries spitefully called Don Bernardin Mendozas mendacia many who honour you were right sory that you should giue so hastie credite to publish the same as your enemies say you did though I haue to my power for cléering of you honour giuen it out that these and such like haue procéeded of the lightnes of the Frēch who cōmonly Print more lies then truths in such doubtfull times and not of you whose honour and wisedome I thought would not be iustly touched with so great vntruthes and lies considering alwayes a small time will discouer things that are in facts reported vntruly and bringeth the Authours to discredit and infamy There hath béene a spéech also reported here to haue procéeded from you in France that hath caused a great misliking of you in Scotland which is that you should in open assembly and in a brauery say that the young King of Scots whom you called in your language a boy had deceiued the King your master but if the Kings Nauy might prosper against England the King of Scots should loose his Crowne and of this the King of Scots hath bene aduertised out of France and vseth very euill language of you which I will not report But now to leaue this digression and to returne to let you know the truth of the state of the Quéens Nauy this Sommer The same was in the beginning of the yeare when the brute was brought of the readines of the Kings Armada in Lisbone and of the Army by land vpon the Sea coasts in Flanders with their shipping deuided into thrée companies the greatest vnder the charge of Charles L. Haward high Admirall of England whose father grandfather vncles great vncles and others of his house being of the noble house of the Dukes of Norfolke had also bene high Admirals afore him wherof both France and Scotland haue had proofe An other company were appointed to remaine with the L. Henry Seymour second son to the Duke of Somerset that was Protector in King Edwards time brother to the now Earle of Hartfort and these companies for a time continued in the Narrow seas betwixt England and Flanders vnder the charge of the said high Admirall to attend on the Duke of Parmas Actions A third company were armed in the West part of England towards Spaine vnder the conduct of Sir Francis Drake a man by name and fame knowne too too well to all Spaine and to the Kings Indias and of great reputation in England and this was compounded partly of some of the Quéenes owne ships and partly of the ships of the West parts But after that it was certainely vnderstood that the great Nauy of Spaine was ready to come out from Lisbone and that the fame therof was blowne abroad in Christendome to be inuincible and so published by bookes in print the Quéene and all her Counsel I am sure whatsoeuer good countenance they made were not a little perplexed as looking certainely for a daungerous fight vpon the Seas and after that for a landing and Inuasion Whereupon the Lord Admirall was commaunded to saile with the greatest ships to the West of England towardes Spaine to ioyne with Drake whom he made Viceadmiral to continue in the seas betwixt France and England to stop the landing of the Nauy of Spaine And with the Lord Admirall went in certaine of the Quéens ships the Lord Thomas Haward second sonne to the last Duke of Norfolke and the Lord Sheffeld sonne to the Admirals sister who is wife to the Quéenes Ambassadour in France with a great number of Knights of great liuelode And at that time

THE COPIE OF A LETTER SENT OVT OF ENGLAND TO DON BERNARDIN MENDOZA AMBASSADOVR IN FRANCE FOR the King of Spaine declaring the state of England contrary to the opinion of Don Bernardin and of all his partizans Spaniardes and others This Letter although it was sent to Don Bernardin Mendoza yet by good hap the Copies therof aswell in English as in French were found in the chamber of one Richard Leigh a Seminarie Priest who was lately executed for high treason committed in the time that the Spanish Armada was on the seas Whereunto are adioyned certaine late Aduertisements concerning the losses and distresses happened to the Spanish Nauie aswell in fight with the English Nauie in the narrow seas of England as also by tempests and contrarie winds vpon the West and North coasts of Ireland in their returne from the Northerne Isles beyond Scotland Imprinted at London by I. Vautrollier for Richard Field 1588. THE COPIE OF A LETTER SENT OVT OF ENGLAND TO DON BERNARDINE MENDOZA AMBASSADOVR IN FRANCE FOR THE KING OF SPAINE MY Lord Ambassadour though at the time of my last large writing to you of the state of this countrey of our long desired expectation of succours promised I did not thinke to haue had such a sorrowfull occasion of any second writing as nowe I haue of a lamentable change of matters of estate here yet I can not forbeare though it be with as many sighs as liues to aduertise you of the truth of our miserable condition as now to me others of our partie the same appeareth to be that by comparing of all things past in hope with the present nowe in despaire your L. who haue had the principall managing hitherto of all our causes of long time both here there in France betwixt the King Catholique assisted with the Potentates of the holy League all our countrimen which haue professed obedience to the Church of Rome may now fall into some new better consideration how our state both for our selues at home and our brethren abroade now at this present fallen as it were into vtter despaire may be reuiued restored to some new hope with better assurance of successe then hath happened hitherto For which purpose I haue thought it necessary to aduertise you in what termes this countrey now standeth farre otherwise then of late both we at home and others abroad did make accompt of You know how we haue depended in firme hope of a change of the state of this countrey by the meanes of the deuout and earnest incitations of the Popes holines and the King Catholique and of other Potentates of the holy League to take vpon them the Inuasion and conquest of this Realme and by your assurances and firme promises we were now of a long season past perswaded that the King Catholique had taken vpon him the same glorious Act and thereof from yeare to yeare we looked for the execution being continually fed and nourished from you to continue our hope and sundrie times solicited by your earnest requests and perswasions to encourage our partie at home not to wauer as many were disposed by sight of continuall delaies but to be ready to ioyne with the outward forces that should come for this Inuasion Neuerthelesse the delayes and prolongations of times appointed for the comming of the Kings forces specially by Sea haue bene so manie as vntill this last Spring we were in despaire at what time you aduertised vs with great assurance that al the Kings preparations which had bene in making readie these thrée or foure yeares together were now in full perfection and without faile would this Sommer come into our Seas with such mightie strength as no Nauie of England or of Christendome could resist or abide their force and for more suretie and for auoiding of all doubts to make the intended conquest sure the same should also haue ioyned to it the mightie Army which the Duke of Parma had made readie and kept in readinesse in the low countries all this yeare past wherewith he should land and so both by Sea and land this Realme should be inuaded and a spéedie conquest made thereof to the which were alwaies added sundry reasons whereupon was gathered that neither by sea nor by land there would be any great resistance found here but a strong party in this Realme to ioyne with the forreine force For otherwise then with such helps to be assuredly had from hence I know it was alwaies doubted that no forreine force could preuaile against this realme being as it is enuironed by sea and notably replenished with more mightie and stronger people then any country in Christendome But with the hope of the landing of these great Armies and our assistance in taking part we here continued all this yeare past in assured hope of a full victorie vntill this last moneth But alas and with a deadly sorrow we must all at home and abroad lament our sudden fall from an immeasurable high ioy to an vnmeasurable déepe despaire and that so hastilie fallen out as I may say we haue séene in the space of eight or nine dayes in this last moneth of Iuly which was from the apparance of the Catholique great Nauie vpon the coast of England vntill it was forced to flie from the coast of Flanders neare Callice towardes the vnknowen parts of the cold North all our hopes all our buildings as it now appeareth but vpon an imagined conquest vtterly ouerthrowen and as it were with an earthquake all our castles of comfort brought to the ground which now it séemeth were builded but in the aire or vpon waues of the sea for they are all perished all vanished away from our thoughtes And here with I am astonished what I may best thinke of such a worke so long time in framing to be so suddenly ouerthrown as by no reason could procéed of man or of any earthly power but only of God And if so it be as no body can otherwise impute this late change fall from our expected fortune but to God almighty then surely our case is either dangerous or doubtfull how to iudge thereof whether we haue bene these many yeares in the right or not For I do find and know that many good and wise men which of long time haue secretly continued in most earnest deuotion to the Popes authoritie begin now to stagger in their mindes and to conceiue that this way of reformation intended by the Popes holines is not allowable in the sight of God by leauing the auncient course of the Church by Excommunication which was the exercise of the spirituall sword and in place thereof to take the temporall sword and put it into a Monarches hand to inuade this realme with force and Armes yea to destroy the Quéene thereof and all her people addicted to her which are in very truth now féene by great proofe this yeare to be in a sort infinite and

mine owne knowledge but I haue heard it reported when I was gréeued to thinke the same to be so true that there was through England no quarter East West North and South but all concurred in one mynde to be in readines to serue for the Realme and that some one countrie was able to make a sufficient Armie of twentie thousand men fit to fight and fiftéene thousand of them well armed weaponed and in some countries the number of fortie thousand able men The maritime Countries from Cornewall all along the Southside of England to Kent and from Kent Eastward by Essex Suffolk and Norfolk to Lincolnshire which Countries with their Hauens were well described vnto you in perfect Plots when Francis Throgmorton first did treat with your Lordship about the same were so furnished of men of warre both of themselues with resort of aide from their next shires as there was no place to be doubted for landing of any forrein forces but there were within eight and fortie houres to come to the place aboue twentie thousand fighting mē on horsebacke and on foote with field ordinance victuals pioners and cariages and all those gouerned by the principal Noble men of the Countries and reduced vnder Captaines of knowledge And one thing I heard of that was very politikely ordered and executed at this time as of many late yeares was not vsed that as the Leaders officers of the particuler Bāds were men of experience in the warres so to make the Bands strong and constant choise was made of the principall Knights of all Countries to bring their renantes to the field being men of strength landed of wealth whereby all the forces of compounded were of a resolute disposition to sticke to their Lords and Chieftaines the Chieftaines to trust to their owne tenants And to remember one strāge spéech that I heard spoken may be marueiled at but it was auowed to me for a truth that one Gentlemā in Kent had a Band of one hundred fiftie footmen which were worth in goods aboue one hundred fiftie thousand pounds sterling besides their lands such men would fight stoutely before they would haue lost their goods and by likelihood at this time many other Bands were made of such principall men both of wealth and strength Of these thinges I am sory to haue cause to write in this sort because you may see how heretofore you haue bene deceiued with aduertisemēts of many which had no proofe to know the truth thereof and so I confesse my selfe in some thinges to haue erred namely in imagining that whēsoeuer any forreine power should be séene ready to land in any part of this Realme there would haue bene found but a small number resolute to withstand the same or to defend the Quéene but that the same would haue bene very vnable for the warres vntrained raw and ignorant in all warlike actions without sufficient armour and weapons and that also the Noble men and Gentlemē that were in this Realme of our Religion whereof you know we made accōpt when you were here in England of very many although many of thē be dead since that time but at this time there are not so many tens as we accompted hundreds whom we thought would haue shewed them selues like men of courage for our common cause and would haue sodenly surprised the houses families and strength of the heretiques and aduersaries But now such is our calamitie that it hath pleased God as I thinke for our sinnes or els for confounding of our bold opinions and presumptions of our owne strength to put in the hearts of all persons here one like mynde courage to withstand the intended Inuasion as well in such as we accompted Catholiques as also in the Heretiques so as it hath appeared manifestly that for all earnest procéeding for arming and for contributions of money and for all other warlike actions there was no difference to be séene betwixt the Catholique and the heretique But in this case to withstand the threatned conquest yea to defend the person of the Quéene there appeared such a sympathie concourse and consent of all sortes of persons without respect of Religion as they all appeared to be ready to fight against all strangers as it were with one heart and one body And though some few principall Gentlemen of whom heretofore you haue had the names in such Catalogues of Catholiques as you haue bene acquainted withall werelately vpon the report of the comming out of the Armie to the seas sent to the Isle of Ely there to remaine restrained of their former libertie during the expectation of this intended Inuasion yet it hath appeared that they were not so restrained for any doubt that they would with their powers haue assisted our Army but onely thereby to make it knowen to all our friends and countrimen in Spaine and Flaunders yea euen to your selfe for so I heard it spoken as accompting you to haue bene the most principall Author and perswader of this action that there should be no hope to haue any of them or of their fréends to assist these great Armies And in very truth I see now whosoeuer of our fréends in Spaine or in Flaunders or els where made any such accompt of any aide against the Quéene or against her partie here they should haue bene deceaued if the Army had offered to haue landed For I my selfe haue heard that the best of those that were sent to Elie did make offers yea by their letters to the Counsell here signed with their hands that they would aduenture their liues in defence of the Quéene whom they named their vndoubted Soueraigne Lady and Queene against all forrein forces though the same were sent from the Pope or by his commandement Yea diuers of them did offer that in this quarell of inuading of the Realme with strangers they would present their owne bodies in the formost rankes with their countrie men against all strangers Whereupon I heard also by a secrete friende of mine in the Court that it was once in some towardnes of resolution amongst the Counsellers that they should haue bene returned and put to their former libertie But the heate of the warre being kindled with the knowledge of the Kings Armada being at that time come to the Groigne and the Duke of Parmas readines with so great an Armie and shipping in Flaunders daily looked for to land in England yea to come to London and a generall murmur of the people against all such Recusants of reputation was the cause of the staying of these Gentlemen at Elie notwithstanding their offers of their seruice to the Quéene and so they doe remaine in the Bishops pallace there with fruition of large walkes about the same altogether without any imprisonment other then that they are not suffred to depart into the towne or countrey and yet for their religion I thinke surely they doe and will remaine

the Lord Henry Seymour was left with a good number of ships in the narrow Seas vpon the coast of Flaunders to attend on the Duke of Parma Whilest these two Nauies were thus diuided I confesse to you that I and others of our part secretely made full accompt that none of all these English ships durst abide the sight of the Armada of Spaine or if they would abide any fight yet they should all be sonke at the first encounter For such constant opinion we had conceiued by the reports of the world that the greatnes number of the ships and the Army of Spaine being the chosen vessels of all the Kings Dominions was so eccessiue monstrous beyond all the Nauies that euer had bene seene in Christendome not excepting the Armada at Lepanto that no power could abide in their way But how farre deceiued we were therein a very short time euen the first day did manifestly to the great dishonour of Spaine discouer For when the Catholique Armie came to the coast of England which in déede the English confesse did séeme farre greater then they looked for and that they were astonied with the sight of them yet the Lord Admiral Drake hauing but onely fifty of the English ships out of the Hauen of Plimmouth where the rest remained for a new reuictualling without tarying for the rest of the Nauie that was in Plimmouth they did offer present fight furiously pursued the whole Nauie of Spaine being aboue 160. ships so as the same with the furious and continuall shot of the English one whole day fled without any returning And after the English Nauy being encreased to an hundred great and smal renued their fight with terrible great shot all the whole day gaining alwayes the wind of the Spanish Nauy And as I am sory to remember the particularities which the English haue largely written to their owne prayse so to speake all in one word for nine dayes together they still forced them to flie and destroyed sonke and tooke in thrée dayes fight diuers of the greatest shippes out of which specially out of the principall great ship of Andaluzia and out of the Admiranta of Guipusque and thirdly out of the principall great Galliasse of Naples great numbers were brought beside many moe killed and drowned to London and to sundry other portes of the Realme to the great dishonour of Spaine amongst which prisoners were a great number of Captaines both for land and sea And besides that which déepely blemisheth the honour of Spaine and vexeth me at my heart to consider the inequalitie of fortune it is vaunted by our Aduersaries that in all the time of these fightes so many dayes the Spaniards did neuer take or sink any English ship or boate or breake any mast or tooke any one man prisoner A matter that in déede these Spaniards which are taken do marueile at greatly and chafe thereat so as some of them in their anguish of minde let not to say that in all these fightes Christ shewed himselfe a Lutheran And though such spéeches be vnaduised and not to be regarded yet surely it is most manifest that in all this voiage from the comming of the Nauie out of Lisbon euen to this houre God did shew no fauour to ours any one day as he did continually to these Lutherans which percase may be done for our good to correct vs as putting our trust wholy in our worldly strength to the confusion hereafter of the Lutherans by puffing them vp being his enemies with prosperitie for a time to be afterwardes the cause of their ruine And amongest other things reported to the dishonour of the Duke of Medina who it is said was lodged in the bottome of his ship for his safetie and to a great touch to the Commanders of the Spanish Nauie that they neuer would turne their ships nor stay them to defend any of their owne shippes that were forced to tary behind but suffred diuers to perish as are good witnesses thereof the thrée great vessels One wherein Don Pedro de Valdez was taken an other Galleon of Guipusque that was spoiled with fire and the noble Galliasse wherein Hugo de Moncada was slaine of which lacke of care by the Duke of Medina these Spaniards that are taken giue very euill report The like is said in Zeland by the Spaniards there that were saued with Diego de Pimentelli though the Galleon wherin he was being beaten with the English shot and not succoured by the Nauie of Spaine did there perish in their cōming to Flushing and so also did another likewise perish for lacke of succour before Ostend And now I must néedes thinke that you are stricken with some griefe of mind or rather with some anger towards me to heare from me so much of those aduerse things although they are too true and therfore I also imagine you may be disirous for your better contentation to vnderstand what opinions we that are here haue being thus frustrate of our expected deliuerie by the defeat of this enterprise whether we do comfort our selues with a conceit that this Action may be by any probabilitie once againe renued this next yeare for the recouerie of our lost hope this yeare famously spoken of by y e number of 88. and so verified to the losse of al Catholiuqes Wherin surely for our owne parts as by secret conference I find with manie with whom I haue secretely of late upon this vnfortunate accident conferred we can not iudge of any likelihood of good successe for any long time and if there should any be hoped for surely the Sea-forces of the King Catholique must of necessitie be more increased and better also gouerned then they were this yeare For this we here doe consider that this enterprise of Inuasion and Conquest was alwaies principallie grounded vpon many probable opinions of the euill state of the Realme First of the weaknes of the English Nauie for so you know you were diuers waies this last yeare aduertised from hence and so also many of vs here did conceiue the same wherein we see by all this yeares seruice with these ships we did all notably erre Next of a supposed euill contentment of a number of people in this land to serue the Queene and her Gouernment against her enemies Lastly and most principally of a great strong partie that would be found here in the fauour of vs for the Catholique religion that should take armes against the Queene vpon the first sight of the Catholique Nauie on the coasts of England Of all which opinions setled in good mens minds in maner of iudgements we know that none in the world did more constantly assure the King thereof then you which as the matters haue euil succeeded may I feare bring you in danger of his indignatiō although I know you meant very wel therin And as these three opinions haue all failed this yeare so I assure you though some