And description ibid. Etapusick a place in the Indies with singular mynes of gold 1222 Etechemins Savages of New-France that are theeues and treacherous 1626 Etoica a River in Brasile its dangerous Navigation 1240 Euill-peace a towne so named by the Spaniards in Florida and the reason thereof 1533 Europa a River that commeth into Orenoco 1248 Example prevaileth more then precept 1743 F. FAls of water very violent and strange 1610 False-heartednesse how auoided in the treacherous Indians by Spanish policie 1552 False-heartednesse of the Savages called Massacheusets 1859 Of the Indians towards Master Westons men 1865 Famine very vrgent in the Indies 1214. Miserable in the same countrey 1258 Famine among the French-men 1325. Among the Dutch and Spaniards at the River of Plate the vnnaturall effects thereof 1348. Famine among Spaniards 1401 1477 1508. Among the Indians and some few hungry Spaniards 1517 1518. Incredible famine 1526. Famine and mortalitie of the English in Virginia 1690. Famine in great extremitie enforcing man-slaughter and man-eating 1732 Famishing strangely escaped by Andrew Hillyard all his fellowes perishing 1802 1803 Faraon a towne burnt vp by the English in their returne from Cadiz 1934 Fast publikely instituted and observed by the English in New England being in distresse for want of raine 1867 Fasts instituted in England and Zeland for Gods gracious deliverance in 88. 1911 Father Martin Perez of the societie of Iesus his relation of his travels and description of Ginoloa 1562 1563 seq His baptizing many Indians and instructing them in a knowne tongue c. 1564. What kinde of Christianitie hee taught them 1564 1565 Fayael one of the Ilands of the Azores the description and taking thereof by the Earle of Cumberland 1672. Their feare of the English Nauy 1676 The Feags a strange sicknesse in the Bermudas much annoying the English 1797 Feare the cause of Tyrannie 1437 Feare causing death in the Indians 1522 Feasts of Savages 1607 Feathers vsed for cloathes 1212 Feuers how eased by plants 1311 How gotten in hot Countries and auoided 1370 1371 Febacco Iland 1266 Ferdinando Gorge his employment in the plantation of New-Scotland 1842 Captaine Fenton his expedition and ouerthrow 1141 1142 Fernambue aport in America 1190 1202 1438 Fernandes Gires his discouery of a Land in the south Sea with the rare commodities thereof 1422 Fetherstons Bay in Virginia why so called 1716 Figs of Brasile 1332 Fight betweene the English and and Spaniards in Saint Iohn Port-Ricco 1161. Betweene English and Indians with Portingals 1197. Fighting against a natiue countrie rewarded 1404 Fighting betweene two Indian nations in Peru very extreame and bloody 1458. Betweene the English and Spaniards in the narrow Seas 1906. A fight betweene the English and Spaniards before Greeueling 1908. A fight by sea betweene the English and Spanish before Cadiz 1930 Fire burning in the woods for the space of three dayes 1890. Great danger by fire 1145 1918 A Fish endangering a boat and men 1142. Fishes flying 1157 1314 Their danger of deuouring in Sea or Ayre 1376 Fishing of New England very commodious to the plantation of Virginia 1842 Fishing how commodious and especially to the Hollanders 1821 Fishing with swords 1714 Fishing with golden hookes 1216 Fishing with wood 1251 Fish great store in Guiana 1275. A fish with foure eyes two aboue water and two vnder a fish also with warme blood like flesh ibid. Fish made drunke with wood 1276 Fish like beefe in taste and proportion 1283. It is called the Ox-fish the description thereof at large 1313 1314. It hath eyes which it may close and shut at will armes and hands in his head it hath 2 stones of approued soueraignnesse for the stone in the body ibid. A Fish that snorteth and thereby is apprehended ibid. A fish that hath two broad stones in his mouth ibid. fish good against the poison of a Snake and very wholesome 1313. Fish that maketh the holders hands benummed or shaking as one that hath the palsie Fish that maketh all that touch it to sticke fast vnto it Fishes like men and women their fearfulness to the Indians their manner of killing men Fish that dyes the water and euadeth the Fisher Fish that proues a remedy for the Spleene a Fish that easts his mouth shell and feet 1314 1315 seq A Fish with fingers and vttering a squeaking sound 1331 Fish so plentifull that it may bee kild in the water with clubs 1549 Fishes that haue voices like Owles 1639. Good fishing 1640 Fits-Morrice slaine in Ireland 1893 Flatterers base kind of people 1957 A Flemmish Ship burnt at the fight before Cadiz 1930 Flores a place in the Azores 1144 The description thereof 1175 1672 Florida possessed by the Spaniards 1501. The inhabitants many of them tall of stature and expert archers 1503. The townes and inhabitants thereof variously described 1503 1504. seq Florida hath gold and pretious stones on the sea coast 1554. The distance of sundry places one from the other necessary for trauellers 1556. Losse of inhabitants in Florida by Spanish cruelty 1589. The great age of some men there 1604. They liue in the woods 3 months in the yeare vpon hunting 1604. English men the first discouerers of Florida 1813 Flutes made of Reedes 1687 Fluxes stayed by fruits as Guianas Papaias and wild Grapes 1172. by a berry 1276 1308. by a plant 1311 Fooles-coat a liuery of the Spanish Inquisition 1179 Forests trauelled by compasse 1636 Fort Mora summond befieged and taken by the Lord of Cumberland 1163 1164. The strength and danger of passage for ships by it 1164 Fort St. Iohn of the Spaniards in Florida 1182 Fortileza a towne in Port-Ricco 1164 Fountaines of pitchy substance very hot that serue to calke ships withall 1481 A Fountaine that turneth wood into stone 1670 Fox-Iland on the north of Virginia 1654 Francis Bouadilla chiefe Marshall of the Fleet in 88 sent for England 1901 Francisco de Zeres his relation of the conquest of Peru and Cusco called New Castile 1491. sequ Francisco Pizarro a Spaniard his discouery of Peru and successe 1444 1451 1452 1489 1490 1491 1492 1493 1494. St. Francis a riuer in America â—â—23 A towne there with Châ—â—â—ery Bishop Deane and Uniuersity of Spaniards 1421 Franciscan Fryers of great esteeme in the West Indies 1242 French-Bay in New France 1621 French-Pox cured with Sassafras 1655 French nauigations to the north America 1603. Their discouery of Cape Francois the Riuer Moy taking possession there and discouering eight riuers more their dissention and ouerthrow ibid. French famine on the Seat their miserable distressed scarcity in Florida mutiny and ease by Sir Iohn Hawkins 1604. Fâ—â—nchmen remoue their plantation from St. Croix to Port Royall 1626. Frenchmen settle themselues within the limits of the English in the Newfound-Land though to their small aduantage 1828. FrenchmeÌ„s courtesie to the English nation 1834. Frenchmens couetousnesse and their infamy in that regard 1638. Frenchmens mutiny against their Captaine discouered and reuenged
Mussaneekes young beasts or such like Commodities as to exchange them with the Saylers for Butter Cheese Beefe Porke Aquauitae Beere Bisket and Oate-meale and then faine that all was sent them from their friends And though Uirginia affoord no Furres for the store yet one Mariner in one Voyage hath got so many as he hath confessed to haue sold in England for thirtie pound And for all this riot and Newports boasting to leaue vs for twelue monethes though we had eightie nine by his Discouerie sicke and lame which by one man for a pound of Copper might much better haue beene done and hauing but a pint of Corne a day for a man we were constrained to giue him three Hogsheads of that Corne to victuall his ship homeward Those are the Saint-seeming Worthies of Uirginia that haue notwithstanding all this meat drinke and pay but now they beginne to grow wearie their Trade beeing both perceiued and preuented none hath beene in Uirginia that hath obserued any thing which knowes not this to be true and yet the scorne and shame was the poore Souldiers Gentlemen and carelesse Gouernours who were all thus bought and sold the Aduenturers coozened and the action ouerthrowne by their false excuses informations and directions by this let all the World Iudge how this businesse could prosper being thus abused by such pilfering occasions The proceedings and accidents with the second supply Master Scriuener was sent with the Barges and Pinnace to Werawocomoco where he found the Sauages more readie to fight then trade but his vigilancie was such as preuented their proiects and by the meanes of Namontack got three or foure Hogsheads of Corne and as much red paint which then was esteemed an excellent die Captaine Newport being dispatched with the tryals of Pitch Tarre Glasse Frankincense and Sope-ashes with that Clapboord and Wainscot which could bee prouided met with Master Scriuener at Point Comfort and so returned for England leauing vs in all two hundred with those he brought vs Those poore conclusions so affrighted vs all with famine that the President prouided for Nansamund tooke with him Captaine Winne and Master Scriuener then returning from Captaine Newport these people also long denied him Trade excusing themselues to be so commanded by Powhatan till we were constrained to begin with them perforce and then they would rather sell vs some then we should take all so loading our Boats with one hundred bushels wee parted friends and came to Iames Towne at which time there was a Marriage betweene Iohn Laydon and Anna Burrowes being the first Marriage we had in Virginia Long he stayed not but fitting himselfe and Captaine VValdo with two Barges from Chawopo VVeanocke and all parts there was found neither Corne nor Sauage but all fled being iealous of our intents till we discouered the Riuer and people of Appametuck where we found little that which they had wee equally deuided betwixt the Sauages and vs but gaue them Coppâ—r in consideration Master Percie and Master Scriuener went also abroad but could finde nothing The President seeing this procrastinating of time was no course to liue resolued with Captaine VValdo whom he knew to be sure in time of need to surprize Powhatan and all his prouision but Captaine VVinne and Master Scriuener for some priuate respects did their best to hinder their proiect But the President whom no perswasions could perswade to starue being inuited by Powhatan to come vnto him and if he would send him but men to build him a house bring him a Grindstone fiftie Swords some Peeces a Cocke and a Henne with Copper and Beads he would load his ship with Corne the President not ignorant of his deuices yet vnwilling to neglect any opportunitie presently sent three Dutchmen and two English hauing no victuals to imploy them all for want thereof being idle knowing there needed no better Castell then that house to surprize Powhatan to effect this proiect hee tooke order with Captaine Waldo to second him if need required Scriuener he left his Substitute and set forth with the Pinnace two Barges and sixe and fortie men which only were such as voluntarily offered themselues for his iournie the which by reason of Master Scriueners ill successe was censured very desperate they all knowing Smith would not returne emptie howsoeuer caused many of those that he had appointed to find excuses to stay behind THe nine and twentieth of December hee set forward for Werawocomoco In the Pinnace Master George Percie brother to the Earle of Northumberland Master Francis West brother to the Lord De-la-Ware William Phetiplace Captaine of the Pinnace Ionaâ— Profit Master Robert Ford Clerke of the Councell Michaell Phetiplace Geoffâ—ry Abbot Sergeant William Tankard George Yarington Iames Bourne George Burton Thomas Coe Gentlemen Iohn Dods Edward Brinton Nathaniell Peacocke Henry Powell Dauid Ellis Thomas Gipson Iohn Prat. George Acrigge Iames Reade Nicholas Hancocke Iames Watkins Anthony Baggly Sergeant Thomas Lambert Edward Pising Sergeant Souldiers Foure Dutchmen and Richard Sauage were sent by Land to build the house for Powhatan against our arriuall This company being victualled but for three or foure dayes lodged the first night at Weraâ—koyack where the President tooke sufficient prouision This kinde Sauage did his best to diuert him from seeing Powhatan but perceiuing hee could not preuaile hee aduised in this manner Captaine Smith you shall find Powhatan to vse you kindly but trust him not and be sure he haue no opportunitie to seize on your armes for he hath sent for you only to cut your throts the Captaine thanked him for his good counsell yet the better to try his loue desired Guides to Chowaâ—oke for hee would send a present to that King to bind him his friend To performe this Iourney was sent Michael Sicklemore a very honest valiant and painfull Souldier with him two Guides and directions how to search for the lost company of Sir Walter Rawleigh and Silke Grasse then wee departed thence the President assuring the King his perpetuall loue and left with him Samuell Collier his Page to learne the Language The next night being lodged at Kecoughtan sixe or seuen dayes the extreme wind raine frost and snow caused vs to keepe Christmasse amongst the Sauages where we were neuer more merrie nor fed on more plentie of good Oysters Fish Flesh Wild-foule and good Bread nor neuer had better fires in England then in the dry warme smokie houses of Kecoughtan But departing thence when we found no houses we were not curious in any weather to lie three or foure nights together vpon any shore vnder the Trees by a good fire The President Anthony Bagly and Edward Pising did kill one hundred fortie and eight Fowles at three shootes At Kiskiack the Frost forced vs three or foure dayes also to suppresse the insolencie of those proud Sauages to quarter in their houses and guard our Barge and cause them giue vs what we wanted yet were wee but
very little at all because the said ships being cast away on the ebbe The goods were driuen off into the Sea the dead bodies of many that were drowned I my selfe saw â—ast on the shore with the sundry wrackes of the parts of the Ships Masts and Yards with other wracke of Caske Chists and such like in great abundance The fourteenth day of Nouember the winde being faire wee tooke passage from Lisbone in a small Barke belonging to Bidâ—ford called the Marget and on the foure and twentieth of the same we were landed at Saint Iues in Cornwall and from thence I hasted to Plimmouth where I shewed vnto Sir Ferdinando Gorges and diuers others the Aduenturers the whole Discourse of our vnhappie Voyage together with the miseries that wee had and did indure vnder the Spaniards hands And then hasted with all the speed I could toward the Court of England where I was assured to my great comfort that they either were alreadie or very shortly should bee deliuered Before my departure from Siuill I should haue remembred that about Whitsontide last there were brought into the Prison of the Contractation there two young men brought out of the West Indies in one of the Kings Gallions which were of Captaine Iohn Legats company of Plimmouth which departed out of England about the latter end of Iuly 1606. bound for the Riuer of Amazons as hee told me before his going forth where hee had beene two yeeres before And comming on the Coast of Brasill as those young men the name of one of them is William Adams borne in Plimpton neere Plimmouth reported vnto mee whether falling to the leeward of the Riuer of Amazons or deceiued by his Master they knew not And not being able to recouer the said Riuer were constrayned to refresh in the West Indies in which time there fell a great disorder betweene the said Captaine Legat and his company so as one of his company in a broyle within themselues aboard there ship slue the said Captaine Legat whether in his owne priuate quarrell or with the consent of the rest of the Company they could not tell mee But this is the more to bee suspected for that he alwayes in former Voyages dealt very straitly with his company After his death his company comming to the I le of Pinos on the Southside of Cuba to refresh themselues being eighteene persons were circumuented by the trecherie of the Spaniards and were there betrayed and taken Prisoners and within foure dayes after of eighteene persons fourteene were hanged the other foure being youths were saued to serue the Spaniards whereof two of them refusing to serue longer in there ships were put into the Prison at Siuill the other two remayne still as slaues to the Spaniards This I had the rather noted to the end that it may be the better considered what numbers of ships and men haue gone out of England since the conclusion of peace betweene England and Spaine in the way of honest Trade and Traffique and how many of them haue miserably miscarried Hauing beene slaine drowned hanged or pittifully captiued and thrust out of their ships and all their goods REader I had by me the Voyage of Captaine Thomas Hanham written by himselfe vnto Sagadahoc also the written Iournals of Master Raleigh Gilbert which stayed and fortified there in that vnseasonable Winter fit to freeze the heart of a Plantation of Iames Dauies Iohn Eliot c. but our voluminousnesse makes me afraid of offending nicer and queasier stomackes for which cause I haue omitted them euen after I had with great labour fâ—â—ted them to the Presse as I haue also done a written large Tractate of Mawaushen and the Uoyage of Master Edward Harlie one of the first Planters with Cap. Popham and Nicholas Hobson to those parts 1611. with diuers Letters from Cap. Popham and others You must obserue that it was in those times called by the name of Virginia and the Northerne Plantation or Colonie But Captaine Smith a man which hath so many Irons in our fire presented a Booke of the Countrie to Prince Charles his Highnesse with a Map of the Countrey who stiled it as our hopes are he will one day make it New England and altered the Sauage names of places to English Hee made one Voyage thither Anno 1614. and the next yeere beganne another which taken by Frenchmen he was not able to make vp but in testimonie of his loue to his Countrey here and of his hopes there hath written diuers Bookes One called A Description of New England in which his said Uoyages are described with the description of the Countrey and many Arguments to incite men to that vndertaking which I had also prepared for the Presse but for the former feares haue omitted the other called New Englands Trials twice or thrice printed out of which I haue added thus much that the World may see the benefit to bee made by fishing and may also be better acquainted with the successe and succession of New Englands Affaires CHAP. III. Extracts of a Booke of Captaine IOHN SMITH printed 1622. called New Englands tryalls and continuing the Storie thereof with Motiues to the businesse of fishing there The benefit of fishing as Master Dee reporteth in his Brittish Monarchie HE saith that it is more then foure and fortie yeeres agoe and it is more then fortie yeeres since he writ it that the Herring Busses out of the Low-countries vnder the King of Spaine were siue hundred besides one hundred Frenchmen and three or foure hundred Sayle of Flemmings The Coasts of Wales and Lancashire was vsed by three hundred Sayle of strangers Ireland and Baltemore fraugted yeerly three hundred Sayle of Spaniards where King Edward the Sixt intended to haue made a strong Castle because of the Strait to haue Tribute for fishing Blacke Rocke was yeerely fished by three or foure hundred Sayle of Spaniards Portugals and Biskiners Master Gentleman and many Fisher-men and Fish-mongers with whom I haue conferred report The Hollanders raise yeerely by Herring Cod and Ling 3000000. pounds English and French by Salt-fish Poore Iohn Salmons and Pilchards 300000. pounds Hamborough and the Sound for Sturgion Lobsters and Eeles 100000. pounds Cape Blacke for Tunny and Mullit by the Biskiners and Spaniards 30000. pounds But diuers other learned experienced Obseruers say though it may seeme incredible That the Duke of Medina receiueth yeerely tribute of the Fishers for Tunny Mullit and Purgos more then 10000. pounds Lubeck hath seuen hundred Ships Hamborough six hundred Embden lately a Fisher Towne one thousand foure hundred whose Customes by the profit of fishing hath made them so powerfull as they bee Holland and Zealand not much greater then Yorkeshire hath thirtie walled Townes foure hundred Villages 20000. saile of Ships and Hoyes thirtie sixe thousand are Fisher-men whereof one hundred are Doggers seuen hundred Pinkes and Wel-boates seuen hundred Frand Boates Britters and Tode-boats with one thousand three hundred Busses besides three hundred
between Sagadahoc and it From the Iland vpward the water is fresh abounding in Salmons and other fresh-water fish Some thirteene or fourteen daies iourney from the entrance in the North-east branch there is a little arme of a Riuer that runneth East some daies iourney which hath at the entrance foure fathoms water Vpon this arme there is one ouer fail which standeth halfe a daies iourney aboue this braneh vpon this arme there are foure Townes The first is called Kenebeke which hath eightie houses and one hundred men The Lord whereof is Apombamen The second is Ketangheanycke and the Sagamos name is Octoworthe who hath in his Towne ninetie housholds and three hundred and thirtie men This Towne is foure dayes iourney from Kenebeke and eight dayes iourney from To the Northward is the third Towne which they call Naragooc where there are fiftie housholds and one hundred and fiftie men The chiefe Sagamo of that place is Cocockohamas And on the small branch that runneth East standeth the fourth Towne named by Mâ—ssakiga where there are but eight housholds and fortie men Vpon the Northwest branch of this Sound stand two Townes more The first is called Amereangan and is distant from Kenebeke sixe dayes iourney In this place are ninetie housholdes and two hundred and sixtie men with two Sagamoes the one called Sasuâ—a the other Scawas Seuen daies iourney hence there is another Sagamo whose name is Octoworâ—kin and his Townes name Namercante wherein are fortie housholds and one hundred and twentie men A dayes iourney aboue Namercante there is a downefall where they cannot passe with their Cannoes but are inforced to carrie them by Land for the space of a quarter of a mile and then they put them into the Riuer againe And twelue dayes iourney aboue this Downfall there is another where they carrie their Boates as at the first and sixe dayes iourney more to the North is the head of this Riuer where is the Lake that is of eight dayes iourney long and foure dayes broad before mentioned In this Lake there is one Iland and three dayes iourney from this Lake there is a Towne which is called Buccawganecants wherein are threescore housholds and foure hundred men And the Sagamo thereof is called Baccatusshe This man and his people are subiects to the Bashabez of Mawooshen and in his Countrey is the farthest limit of his Dominion where he hath any that doe him homage To the Westward of Sagadahoc foure dayes iourney there is another Riuer called Ashamabaga which hath at the entrance sixe fathoms water and is halfe a quarter of a mile broad it runneth into the Land two dayes iourney and on the East side there is one Towne called Agnagebcoc wherein are seuentie houses and two hundred and fortie men with two Sagames the one called Maurmet the other Casherokenit Seuen dayes iourney to the South-west of Ashamabaga there is another Riuer that is sixe fathoms to the entrance This Riuer is named Shawakotoc and is halfe a myle broad it runneth into the Land fiftie dayes iourney but foure dayes from the entrance it is so narrow that the Trees growing on each side doe so crosse with their boughes and bodies on the other as it permitteth not any meanes to passe with Boates that way for which cause the Inhabitants that on any occasion are to trauell to the head are forced to goe by Land taking their way vpon the West side At the end of this Riuer there is a Lake of foure dayes iourney long and two dayes broad wherein are two Ilands To the North-West foure daies iourney from this Lake at the head of this Riuer Shawakatoc there is a small Prouince which they call Crokemago wherein is one Towne This is the Westermost Riuer of the Dominions of Bashabez and Quibiquisson the Westermost To the Reader I Haue thought good to adde to the English Plantations in New England those in the neighbour Countrey of New-found-land This was first discouered Ann. 1497. by S. Sebastian Cabot set forth by King Henry the seuenth the Voyages followed of M. Rut Albert de Prato M. Hore and others Ann. 1583. actuall and formall possession was taken in the right of Queene Elizabeth of glorious memory and her Successours by that memorable Knight Sir Humfrey Gilbert see sup lib. 4. ca. 13. And in the yeere 1609. M. Iohn Guy of Bristoll did write a Treatise to animate the English to plant there a written Copy whereof I haue A. 1610. It pleased his most excellent Maiestie to grant a Patent for a Plantation part whereof the whole might seeme too long for our purpose we haue inserted CHAP. VII The beginning of the Patent for New-found-land and the Plantation there made by the English 1610. deliuered in a Letter dated thence from M. GVY to M. SLANY Also of the weather the three first Winters and of Captaine WESTON with other remarkable Occurrents IAMES by the Grace of GOD of Great Brittaine France and Ireland King Defendour of the Faith c. To all people to whom these Presents shall come greeting Know yee whereas diuers Our louing and well disposed Subiects are desirous to make Plantation to inhabite and to establish a Colony or Colonies in the Southerne and Easterne parts of the Countrey and I le or Ilands commonly called New-found-land vnto the Coast and Harbour whereof the Subiects of this our Realme of England haue for the space of fiftie yeeres and vpwards yeerely vsed to resort in no small numbers to fish intending by such Plantation and inhabiting both to secure and make safe the said Trade of Fishing to Our Subiects for euer And also to make some commendable benefit for the vse of mankind by the lands and profits thereof which hitherto from the beginning as it seemeth manifest hath remained vnprofitable And for better performance of such their purpose and intentions haue humbly besought Our Regall Authoritie and assistance Wee being well assured that the same Land or Countrey adioyning to the foresaid Coasts where Our Subiects vse to fish remaineth so destitute and desolate of inhabitance that scarce any one Sauage person hath in many yeeres beene seene in the most parts thereof And well knowing that the same lying and being so vacant is as well for the reasons aforesaid as for many other reasons very commodious for Vt and Our Dominions And that by the Law of Nature and Nations We may of Our Royall Authoritie possesse our selues and make graunt thereof without doing wrong to any other Prince or State considering they cannot iustly pretend any Soueraigntie or Right thereunto in respect that the same remaineth so vacant and not actually possessed and inhabited by any Christian or other whomsoeuer And therefore thinking it a matter and action well beseeming a Christian King to make true vse of that which God from the beginning created for mankind And therefore intending not onely to worke and procure the benefit and good of many of Our Subiects
or fiue Friars one an Irishman Their Bookes Beades and Pictures cost aboue 1000. Duckets The Bishop of Tuccaman had sent for them to take possession of a Monasterie They learned of Master Iohn Drake who went in consort with Captaine Fenton cast away neere the Riuer of Plate his companie taken or slaine by the Saluages of which Iohn Drake and Richard Fairweather escaped with two or three others in a Canoa to the Spaniards and liued in those parts Here also they tooke Miles Philips left in the Countrey by Sir Iohn Hawkins After counsell taken they fell Aprill 3. with the Land of Brasil in 16. degrees and a Terse and watered in the Road of Camana They proceeded and anchored before the Towne of Baya and found in the Harbour eight Ships and one Caruell The next day they forced the Portugals to abandon foure of the best of those ships and towed them forth in despight of infinite store of great and small shot from the shoare and ships one Hulke hauing in her foure and twentie pieces of Ordnance The least of these prizes was 130. Tunnes After this they haled the Hulke and commanded the Master to follow them which he did together with a Caruell with fiftie Butts of wine They fetched reliefe from the shoare also in despite of innumerable Indians and all the enemies forces May 24. they tooke a ship of 120. Tunnes laden with Meale and Sugar But the voyage to the South Sea was defeated by some mens desire to returne in which Captaine Delamour tooke a small Pinnace The Fleâ—â—â—sish Hulke taken into the Fleet in stead of the George cast off furnished with her men suddenly tooke fire and perished Ship Men and Goods Septemb. 29. the residue reached the Coast of England after an vnprofitable and vnfortunate voyage IN the yeare 1587. when the Towne of Slewse was beseeged by the Duke of Parma Sir Roger Williams being Gouernour there the Earle put himselfe in person to make proofe of his valour in that seruice but at his arriuall found the Towne surrendred vnto the Duke the said Sir Roger being not able to hold out longer Anno 1588. amongst many of the Nobility which distributed themselues into diuers of her Maiesties Shippes vpon the approach of the Spanish Armada the Earle put himselfe aboord the Bonaduenture commanded by Captaine George Raymond when they wanne that honour that no Sea can drowne no age can weare out The Queene so accepted this Noble Earles resolution that she gaue him leaue the same yeare to goe as Generall and for his greater honour and ability was pleased to lend him the Golden Lion one of the Shippes Royall to be the Admirall which he victualled and furnished at his owne charge and aduenture hauing Commission to pursue his intended voyage towards the Spanish coasts vnder the broad Seale of England bearing date the fourth of October 1588. Attended with many braue Gentlemen he set forth about the end of October and in the Narrow Seas met with a Shippe of Dunkerke called the Hare laden with Merchandise for Spaine which after some fight he tooke and sent home But contrary windes first suspended and after that a storme which forced them to cut the maine Maste ouerboord depriued him of further hopes and ability to prosecute his true designes HIs spirit remaining neuerthelesse higher then the windes and more resolutely by stormes compact vnited in it selfe he procured a new of her Maiestie the Victory one of the Royal Nauie accompanied with the Meg and Margaret two small Ships and one Caruell which were set forth at his charges and manned with 400. Mariners and Souldiers the Admirall commanded by his Lordship and vnder him Captaine Christopher Lyster the Meg by Captaine William Mounson Viceadmirall the Margaret by Captaine Edward Careles alias Write Rereadmirall the Caruell by Captaine Pigeon The eighteenth of Iune they set forth from Plimmouth and within three dayes met with three French Ships Leaguers of New Hauen and Saint Maloes laden with New-found land fish two of them with the Margaret not able to endure the Sea were sent for England The thirteenth of Iuly his Lordship met with eleuen Dutch Ships which at first made shew to abide a fight and after a few shot yeelded and sent their Masters aboord shewing their Pasports from Hamborough Lubecke Bream Pomerland and Callice who confessed that they had goods aboord to the value of foure thousand fiue hundred pounds of a Iew of Lisbone which being deliuered and distributed his Lordship set saile for the Asores The first of August he had sight of Saint Michael and to disguise himselfe put forth a Spanish Flagge Espying foure Shippes in the Roade he resolued that night to cut their Cables and to bring them away which he accordingly performed before he was descried The Spaniards in three of them leaping into the Sea with much noise and outcry gaue the alarme to the Town which made many vaine shots at his Boate in the darke The fourth was the Falcon of London vnder the name of a Scottish Ship hauing a Scottish Pilot. The three Spaniards were laden from Siuill with Wine and Sallet Oyle The Pinnace tooke a small Shippe wherein was thirty tunnes of Madera wines same Wollen Cloath Silke and Taffata The Carracks were departed from Tercera eight dayes before He manned his Boates and obtained refreshing at Flores professing himselfe a friend to their King Don Antonio From thence rowing a shipboord the Boate was pursued two miles together by a monstrous Fish whose Finnes many times appeared about the gils aboue water foure or fiue yards a sunder and his iawes gaping a yard and a halfe wide not without great danger of ouerturning the Pinnace and deuouring some of the company but at the last they all escaped Here his Lordshippe met and accepted into consort Captaine Dauies with his Shippe and Pinnace a Shippe of Sir Walter Raleighs commanded by Captaine Markesbury and the Barke Lime Hauing intelligence that the Carracks were at Tercera he came vp to the road of Fyall the seuen and twentieth of August and descrying certaine Shippes at anchor close aboord the shoare he sent his Boates which boorded a Ship of 250. tunne armed with foureteene cast Peeces and continued fight till a supply of Boates came from the Fleete to second them and then recouered the prize The Spaniards except Iohn de Palma leapt all ouer-boord to swimme to the shoare which was so neere that the Ship was moored to the Castle from whence the great Ordinance plaied all the time of the fight onely it was not a play to the Master of the Caruell whose calfe of his legge was shot away This Shippe came laden from Port-Racco with Sugar Ginger and Hides The Ship-boates fetched also out of the Roade some other small Ships laden from Guinâ—ee with Elephants teeth Graines Coca nuts and Goate Skinnes most of which prizes he sent for England The
Blacke Pinnasse and the into the aforesaid Riuer of Plate but it was not the will of God that we should execute our pretence For the same day wee thought to haue descried Land the winde beganne to blow South-west and the Seas were very darke swelling in waues so high that we could not perceiue any of our accompanied ships although we were very neere one to another the Seas brake ouer the Poope of our shippe and washed our men astonisht with feare into the Skippers the Roe-bucke in this storme ranne her against our Poope and brake downe all our Gallerie all things were cast into the Sea that stood aboue Hatches heere miserable Fortune began to frowne on vs all especially on mee for all that I had both in clothes and money were cast into the Sea all our ship with the Seas that brake ouer her sides Here our Generall shewed himselfe to bee of a noble courage for hee did nothing but runne vp and downe encouraging his men which were all amazed thinking that to bee their last houre this storme continued three dayes in which time wee lost most of our sayles blowne away from the yards It was the will of God that after we had been three dayes in the storme the wind ceased but the Seas continued so great that wee were not able to beare any sayle We lying thus tost with Seas without sight of any of our fleet the company murmured and wished themselues againe at Santos and indeed we al thought that the rest of our company were driuen back with the storme to the Coast thinking it best for vs to returne againe The Generall hearing what speeches passed in the shippe came forth vpon the halfe decke and commanded all the company to come before him and after he had heard them speake he answered that he had giuen directions to all the Masters and Captaines of the fleete that what weather soeuer should part them that they should vse their indeuour to take Port Desire and that they should tarry a fortnight so if none of the company came they should leaue some marke on the shoare and goe on their Voyage with that euery man was satisfied the Generall promising twentie pounds to whomsoeuer could first spie a sayle we made our course to Port Desire and in ten dayes we safely arriued at our desired Port where we found all our fleet but the Daintie which was no little comfort to vs all because the time of our yeere was almost past we stayed here but two dayes taking a few Penguins from an Iland right before Port Desire When we came to the mouth of the Straits wee found the winde contrary and were forced to lye beating before the Harbour of Port Famine three dayes ere wee could double that Cape for many times we did cast anchor without the Cape in twentie fathomes water but on a sudden the current would carrie away the ships with Cables and Anchors afloat in the night in this current the Roe-bucke driuen with the current fell crosse ouer the haze there wee had no other remedy but were forced to cut our cables and so lose our Anchors In the end with much adoe we doubled the Cape and got into Port Famine where wee lay a seuennight for want of winde and weather to goe forward It the time that wee were at Port Famine euery day our men went on shoáre to get Muscles and Fruits of the Countrey to eate and the barke of a tree that was like Sinamon One day the Boate being ashoare there came to vs aboue a thousand Canibals naked with feathers in their hands but they would not come so neere vs as we could touch them If we offered them any thing they would reach to vs with a long Pole and whatsoeuer we gaue them they would returne vs feathers for it wee made our signes to them for victuals and they would shew vs by signes that they had none but what they could kill with their Darts I haue told you how my chist and all my clothes were cast ouer-boord now comming to this cold Climates and wanting clothes my hope of life was little for here men were well at morning and by night frozen to death It was my fortune to goe ashoare to get some food for the allowance of our ship was little and comming aboord againe with my feete wette and wanting shift of clothes the next morning I was nummed that I could not stirre my legs and pulling off my stockings my toes came with them and all my feete were as blacke as soote and I had no feeling of them Then was I not able to stirre Thus I continued for the space of a fortnight till wee came into a faire Bay where there were many faire Ilands and on the rockes of some of these Ilands wee found Scouts made of the barkes of trees and afterwards wee found many Indians but none of them would come to vs. On the South-west side of the Mayne we found a Riuer which wee thought had gone to the South Sea Our long Boate was sent vp this Riuer and found it to be very straite and deepe On the sides thereof they found great Muscles and in them good store of Pearles and we named it the Riuer of Pearles the Bay had the name of the Master of our Pinnasse because he first found it and did discouer it called it Tobias Bay From this place wee went further into the Straites hauing the winde against vs and with the cold there died euery day out of our ship eight or nine men Here one Harris a Gold-smith lost his Nose for going to blow it with his fingers cast it into the fire This Iohn Chambers Caesar Ricasen and many that are now in England can testifie The Generall hauing experience that the wind would tarry at the least two moneths his men died so fast that hee thought best to returne for the Coast of Brasill and there to separate our fleete to the Hauens of Santos that lye on the Coast Riuer of Iennary Spirito Santo determining by this meanes to furnish himselfe with Ropes Sayles and Victuals of such prices as hee did not doubt but to take and likewise determining to take Santos againe The Generall came backe with this pretence for Brasill came to Port Famine where wee anchored two dayes and there tooke a note of all his men that were liuing and finding some of them very sicke commanded them to be set on shoare I was so ill in the Straites that no man thought I would haue liued and twice I was brought vpon the Hatches to bee cast into the Sea but it was the will of God that when they had said Prayers as they accustomed when any man died and that they laid hands on me to cast me ouer-boord I spake desiring them not to cast me ouer-boord till I was dead At this Port Famine comming backe the Generall would haue set me on shoare but Captaine
considering that all the Ilands as also the Maine where wee were is all Rockie Grounds and broken Lands Now the next day wee determined to fortifie our selues in a little plot of ground in the middest of the Lake aboue mentioned where wee built an house and couered it with sedge which grew about this Lake in great abundance in building whereof wee spent three weekes and more but the second day after our comming from the Maine wee espied eleuen Canoas or Boats with fifty Indians in them comming toward vs from this part of the Maine where wee two dayes before landed and being loath they should discouer our fortification wee went out into the Sea side to meete them and comming somewhat neere them they all sate downe vpon the stones calling aloud to vs as wee rightly ghessed to doe the like a little distance from them hauing sate a while in this order Captaine Gosnold willed mee to goe vnto them to see what countenance they would make but as soone as I came vp vnto them one of them to whom I had giuen a Knife two dayes before in the Maine knew mee whom I also very well remembred and smiling vpon me spake somewhat vnto their Lord or Captaine which sate in the midst of them who presently rose vp and tooke a large Beuer skinne from one that stood about him and gaue it vnto me which I requited for that time the best I could but I pointing towards captaine Gosnold made signes vnto him that hee was our Captaine and desirous to bee his friend and enter league with him which as I perceiued he vnderstood and made signes of ioy whereupon Captaine Gosnold with the rest of his companie being twenty in all came vp vnto them and after many signes of gratulations Captaine Gosnold presenting their Lord with certaine trifles which they wondred at and highly esteemed wee became very great friends and sent for meat aboord our Shalop and gaue them such meates as wee had then ready dressed whereof they misliked nothing but our Mustard whereat they made many a sowre face While wee were thus merrie one of them had conueighed a Target of ours into one of their Canoas which wee suffered onely to trie whether they were in subiection to this Lord to whom we made signes by shewing him another of the same likenesse and pointing to the Canoa what one of his companie had done who suddenly expressed some feare and speaking angerly to one about him as wee perceiued by his countenance caused it presently to be brought backe againe So the rest of the day wee spent in trading with them for Furres which are Beauers Luzernes Marterns Otters Wilde-cat skinnes very large and deepe Furre blacke Foxes Conie skinnes of the colour of our Hares but somewhat lesse Deere skinnes very large Seale skinnes and other beasts skinnes to vs vnknowne They haue also great store of Copper some very red and some of a paler colour none of them but haue Chaines Eare-rings or Collars of this metall they head some of their Arrowes herewith much like our broad Arrow heads very workmanly made Their Chaines are many hollow pieces semented together each piece of the bignesse of one of our reeds a finger in length ten or twelue of them together on a string which they weare about their neckes their Collars they weare about their bodies like Bandelieres a handfull broad all hollow pieces like the other but somewhat shorter foure hundred pieces in a Collar very fine and euenly set together Besides these they haue large drinking Cups made like Sculls and other thinne plates of Copper made much like our Boare-speare blades all which they so little esteeme as they offered their fairest Collars and Chaines for a Knife or such like triste but wee seemed little to regard it yet I was desirous to vnderstand where they had such store of this mettall and made signes to one of them with whom I was very familiar who taking a piece of copper in his hand made a hole with his finger in the ground and withall pointed to the Maine from whence they came They strike fire in this manner euery one carrieth about him in a Purse oftewd Leather a Minerall stone which I take to be their Copper and with a flat Emerie stone wherewith Glasiers cut glasse and Cutlers glase blades tied fast to the end of alittle sticke gently hee striketh vpon the Minerall stone and within a stroke or two a sparke falleth vpon a piece of Touch-wood much like our Spunge in England and with the least sparke he maketh a fire presently Wee had also of their Flaxe wherewith they make many strings and cords but it is not so bright of colour as ours in England I am perswaded they haue store growing vpon the Maine as also Mines and many other rich commodities which we wanting both time and meanes could not possibly discouer Thus they continued with vs three dayes euery night retiring themselues to the furthermost part of our Iland two or three miles from our Fort but the fourth day they returned to the Maine pointing fiue or sixe times to the Sunne and once to the Maine which we vnderstood that within fiue or sixe dayes they would come from the Maine to vs againe but being in their Canoas a little from the shoare they made huge cries and shouts of ioy vnto vs and wee with our Trumpet and Cornet and casting vp our caps into the aire made them the best farewell wee could yet sixe or seuen of them remayned with vs behinde bearing vs companie euery day in the Woods and helped vs to cut and carrie our Sassafras and some of them lay aboord our ship These people as they are exceeding curteous gentle of disposition and well conditioned excelling all others that we haue seene so for shape of body and louely fauour I thinke they excell all the people of America of stature much higher than wee of complexion or colour much like a darke Oliue their eye-browes and haire blacke which they weare long tyed vp behinde in knots whereon they pricke feathers of fowles in fashion of a Crownet some of them are blacke thinne bearded they make beards of the haire of beasts and one of them offered a beard of their making to one of our Saylers for his that grew on his face which because it was of a red colour they iudged to be none of his owne They are quicke eyed and stedfast in their lookes fearelesse of others harmes as intending none themselues some of the meaner sort giuen to filching which the very name of Sauages not weighing their ignorance in good or euill may easily excuse their garments are of Deere skinnes and some of them weare Furres round and close about their neckes They pronounce our Language with great facilitie for one of them one day sitting by mee vpon occasion I spake smiling to him these words How now sirrha are you
and fiftie leagues distant from the West Indies in crossing the Gulfe of Bahoma there hapned a most terrible and vehement storme which was a taile of the West Indian Horacano this tempest seperated all our Fleet one from another and it was so violent that men could scarce stand vpon the Deckes neither could any man heare another speake being thus diuided euery man steered his owne course and as it fell out about fiue or sixe dayes after the storme ceased which endure fortie foure houres in extremitie The Lion first and after the Falcon and the Vnitie got sight of our Shippe and so we lay a way directly for Virginia finding neither current nor winde opposite as some haue reported to the great charge of our Counsell and Aduenturers The Vnity was sore distressed when she came vp with vs for of seuenty land men she had not ten sound and all her Sea men were downe but onely the Master and his Boy with one poore sailer but we relieued them and we foure consorting fell into the Kings Riuer haply the eleuenth of August In the Vnity were borne two children at Sea but both died being both Boyes When wee came to Iames Towne we found a Ship which had bin there in the Riuer a moneth before we came this was sent out of England by our Counsels leaue and authority to fish for Sturgeon and to goe the ready way without tracing through the Torrid Zoan and shee performed it her Commander was Captaine Argoll a good Marriner and a very ciuill Gentleman and her Master one Robert Tindall The people of our Colonie were found all in health for the most part howbeit when Captaine Argoll came in they were in such distresse for many were dispersed in the Sauages townes liuing vpon their almes for an ounce of Copper a day and fourescore liued twenty miles from the Fort and fed vpon nothing but Oysters eight weekes space hauing no other allowance at all neither were the people of the Country able to relieue them if they would Whereupon Captaine Newport and others haue beene much to blame to informe the Counsell of such plenty of victuall in this Country by which meanes they haue beene slacke in this supply to giue conuenient content Vpon this you that be aduenturers must pardon vs if you finde not returne of Commodity so ample as you may expect because the law of nature bids vs seeke sustenance first and then to labour to content you afterwards But vpon this point I shall be more large in my next Letter After our foure Ships had bin in harbour a few dayes came in the Viceadmirall hauing cut her maine Most ouer boord and had many of her men very sicke and weake but she could tell no newes of our Gouernour and some three or foure dayes after her came in the Swallow with her maine Mast ouerboord also and had a shrewd leake neither did she see our Admirall Now did we all lament much the absence of our Gouernour for contentions began to grow and factions and partakings c. Insomuch as the President to strengthen his authority accorded with the Mariners and gaue not any due respect to many worthy Gentlemen that came in our Ships whereupon they generally hauing also my consent chose Master West my Lord de la Wars brother to be their Gouernour or president de bene esse in the absence of Sir Thomas Gates or if he miscarried by Sea then to continue till we heard newes from our Counsell in England This choice of him they made not to disturbe the old President during his time but as his authority expired then to take vpon him the sole gouenment with such assistants of the Captaines as discreetest persons as the Colonie afforded Perhaps you shall haue it blazoned a mutenie by such as retaine old malice but Master West Master Percie and all the respected Gentlemen of worth in Virginia can and will testifie otherwise vpon their oathes For the Kings Patent we ratified but refused to be gouerned by the President that now is after his time was expired and onely subiected our selues to Master West whom we labour to haue next President I cannot certifie you of much more as yet vntill we grow to some certaine stay in this our state but by the other Ships you shall know more So with my harty commendations I cease From Iames Towne this last of Angust 1609. CHAP. VI. A true reportory of the wracke and redemption of Sir THOMAS GATES Knight vpon and from the Ilands of the Bermudas his comming to Virginia and the estate of that Colonie then and after vnder the gouernment of the Lord LA WARRE Iuly 15. 1610. written by WILLIAM STRACHY Esquire §. I. A most dreadfull Tempest the manifold deaths whereof are here to the life described their wracke on Bermuda and the description of those Ilands EXcellent Lady know that vpon Friday late in the euening we brake ground out of the Sound of Plymouth our whole Fleete then consisting of seuen good Ships and two Pinnaces all which from the said second of Iune vnto the twenty three of Iuly kept in friendly consort together not a whole watch at any time loosing the sight each of other Our course when we came about the height of betweene 26. and 27. degrees we declined to the Northward and according to our Gouernours instructions altered the trade and ordinary way vsed heretofore by Dominico and Meuis in the West Indies and found the winde to this course indeede as friendly as in the iudgement of all Sea-men it is vpon a more direct line and by Sir George Summers our Admirall had bin likewise in former time sailed being a Gentleman of approued assurednesse and ready knowledge in Sea-faring actions hauing often carried command and chiefe charge in many Ships Royall of her Maiesties and in sundry Voyages made many defeats and attempts in the time of the Spaniards quarrelling with vs vpon the Ilands and Indies c. We had followed this course so long as now we were within seuen or eight dayes at the most by Cap Newports reckoning of making Cape Henry vpon the coast of Virginia When on S. Iames his day Iuly 24. being Monday preparing for no lesse all the blacke night before the cloudes gathering thicke vpon vs and the windes singing and whistling most vnusually which made vs to cast off our Pinnace towing the same vntill then asterne a dreadfull storme and hideous began to blow from out the North-east which swelling and roaring as it were by â—â—ts some houres with more violence then others at length did beate all light from heauen which like an hell of darkenesse turned blacke vpon vs so much the more fuller of horror as in such cases horror and feare vse to ouerrunne the troubled and ouermastered sences of all which taken vp with amazement the eares lay so sensible to the terrible cries and murmurs of the
long Boat was the care which hee tooke for the estate of the Colony in this his inforced absence for by a long practised experience foreseeing and fearing what innouation and tumult might happily arise amongst the younger and ambitious spirits of the new companies to arriue in Virginia now comming with him along in this same Fleet hee framed his letters to the Colony and by a particular Commission confirmed Captaine Peter Win his Lieutenant Gouernour with an Assistance of sixe Counsellours writing withall to diuers and such Gentlemen of qualitie and knowledge of vertue and to such louers of goodnesse in this cause whom hee knew intreating them by giuing examples in themselues of duty and obedience to assist likewise the said Lieutenant Gouernour against such as should attempt the innouating of the person now named by him or forme of gouernment which in some Articles hee did likewise prescribe vnto them and had faire hopes all should goe well if these his letters might arriue there vntill such time as either some Ship there which hee fairely beleeued might bee moued presently to aduenture for him or that it should please the right honourable the Lordes and the rest of his Maiesties Councell in England to addresse thither the right honourable the Lord Lawar one of more eminencie and worthinesse as the proiect was before his comming forth whilest by their honourable fauours a charitable consideration in like manner might bee taken of our estates to redeeme vs from hence For which purpose likewise our Gouernour directed a particular letter to the Councell in England and sent it to the foresaid Captaine Peter Winne his now to bee chosen Lieutenant Gouernour by him to bee dispatched which is the first from thence into England In his absence Sir George Summers coasted the Ilands and drew the former plat of them and daily fished and hunted for our whole company vntill the seuen and twentieth of Nouember when then well perceiuing that we were not likely to heare from Virginia and conceiuing how the Pinnace which Richard Frubbusher was a building would not be of burthen sufficient to transport all our men from thence into Uirginia especially considering the season of the yeare wherein we were likely to put off he consulted with our Gouernour that if hee might haue two Carpenters for we had foure such as they were and twenty men ouer with him into the maine Iland he would quickly frame vp another little Barke to second ours for the better fitting and conueiance of our people Our Gouernour with many thankes as the cause required cherishing this so carefull and religious consideration in him and whose experience likewise was somewhat in these affaires granted him all things sutable to his desire and to the furthering of the worke who therefore had made ready for him all such tooles and instruments as our owne vse required not and for him were drawne forth twenty of the ablest and stoutest of the company and the best of our men to hew and square timber when himselfe then with daily paines and labour wrought vpon a small Vessell which was soone ready as ours at which wee leaue him a while busied and returne to our selues In the meane space did one Frubbusher borne at Graues end and at his comming forth now dwelling at Lime House a painefull and well experienced Shipwright and skilfull workman labour the building of a little Pinnace for the furtherance of which the Gouernour dispensed with no â—rauaile of his body nor forbare any care or study of minde perswading as much and more an ill qualified parcell of people by his owne performance then by authority thereby to hold them at their worke namely to fell carry and sawe Cedar â—t for the Carpenters purpose for what was so meane whereto he would not himselfe set his hand being therefore vp earely and downe late yet neuerthelesse were they hardly drawne to it as the Tortoise to the inchantment as the Prouerbe is but his owne presence and hand being set to euery meane labour and imployed so readily to euery office made our people at length more diligent and willing to be called thereunto where they should see him before they came In which we may obserue how much example preuailes aboue precepts and how readier men are to be led by eyes then eares And sure it was happy for vs who had now runne this fortune and were fallen into the bottome of this misery that we both had our Gouernour with vs and one so solicitous and carefull whose both example as I said and authority could lay shame and command vpon our people else I am perswaded we had most of vs finished our dayes there so willing were the maâ—or part of the common sort especially when they found such a plenty of victuals to settle a foundation of euer inhabiting there as well appeared by many practises of theirs and perhaps of some of the better sort Loe what are our affections and passions if not rightly squared how irreligious and irregular they expresse vs not perhaps so ill as we would be but yet as wee are some dangerous and secret discontents nourished amongst vs had like to haue bin the parents of bloudy issues and mischiefes they began first in the Sea-men who in time had fastened vnto them by false baits many of our land-men likewise and some of whom for opinion of their Religion was carried an extraordinary and good respect The Angles wherewith chiefely they thus hooked in these disquieted Pooles were how that in Uirginia nothing but wretchednesse and labour must be expected with many wants and a churlish intreaty there being neither that Fish Flesh nor Fowle which here without wasting on the one part or watching on theirs or any threatning and are of authority at ease and pleasure might be inioyed and since both in the one and the other place they were for the time to loose the fruition both of their friends and Countrey as good and better were it for them to repose and seate them where they should haue the least outward wants the while This thus preached and published each to other though by such who neuer had bin more onward towards Virginia then before this Voyage a Sculler could happily rowe him and what hath a more adamantiue power to draw vnto it the consent and attraction of the idle vntoward and wretched number of the many then liberty and fulnesse of sensuality begat such a murmur and such a discontent and disunion of hearts and hands from this labour and forwarding the meanes of redeeming vs from hence as each one wrought with his Mate how to diuorse him from the same And first and it was the first of September a conspiracy was discouered of which six were found principals who had promised each vnto the other not to set their hands to any trauaile or endeauour which might expedite or forward this Pinnace and each of these had seuerally according to appointment sought
on the Woods so as the fire might run halfe a mile or more before it were extinct Euery man in the Countrey was enioyned to set twelue Traps and some of their owne accord set neere a hundred which they visited twice or thrice in a night Wee trayned vp our Dogs to hunt them wherein they grew so expert that a good Dog in two or three houres space would kill fortie of fiftie Rats and other meanes we vsed to destroy them but could not preuaile finding them still to increase against vs. And this was the principall cause of that great distresse whereunto wee were driuen in the first planting of the Countrey for these deuouring the fruits of the earth kept vs destitute of bread a yeere or two so that when wee had it afterwardes againe wee were so weaned from it that wee should easily neglect and forget to eate it with our meat We were also destitute at that time of Boats and other prouision for fishing And moreouer Master Moore had receiued warning from England that hee should expect the Spaniard that yeere yet they came not but with two ships attempting to come in and hauing their Boat before them to sound the way were shot at by the said Master Moore from Kings Castle and as we supposed one of them stricken through wherevpon they presently departed But as I say this expectation of them caused vs though in great necessitie to hasten the fortifications of the Countrey All these ioyntly but principally the Rats were the causes of our distresse for being destitute of food many dyed and wee all became very feeble and weake whereof some being so would not others could not stir abroad to seeke reliefe but dyed in their houses such as went abroad were subiect through weaknesse to bee suddenly surprized with a disease we called the Feages which was neither paine nor sicknesse but as it were the highest degree of weaknesse depriuing vs of power and abilitie for the execution of any bodily exercise whether it were working walking or what else Being thus taken if there were any in company that could minister any reliefe they would straightwayes recouer otherwise they dyed there Yet many after a little rest would be able to walke again and then if they found any succour were saued About this time or immediately before came thither a company of Rauens which continued with vs all the time of this mortalitie and then departed There were not before that time nor since so far as I heare any more of them seene there And this with some other reasons of more moment moued many to thinke that there was some other Ilands neere the Sommer Ilands betweene Uirginia and it and M. Moore in his time with some other of vs went forth in a Boat so far as then wee could conuemently of purpose to discouer it Since then it hath beene endeauoured by other and is yet as I heare to be further attempted And howsoeuer I am perswaded for certaine causes which I cannot here relate there is no such thing Yet would I not disanimate any from this enterprise for if they find any their labours will be well recompenced and though they find none yet might they discouer those parts so well that the passage to and from Virginia would be more safe and easie But to returne from whence wee haue digressed The extremitie of our distresse began to abate a little before M. Moores time of gouernment was expired partly by supplies out of England of victualland prouision for fishing and partly by that rest and libertie we then obtained the Countrey being fortified Yet the Rats encreased and continued almost to the end of Captaine Tuckers time although hee was prouident and industrious to destroy them but toward the end of his time it pleased God by what meanes it is not wel known to take them away insomuch that the wilde Cats and many Dogs which liued on them were famished and many of them leauing the Woods came downe to the houses and to such places where they vse to garbish their Fish and became tame Some haue attributed this destruction of them to the encrease of wild Cats but that 's not likely they should be so suddenly encreased rather at that time then in the foure yeeres before And the chiefe occasion of this supposition was because they saw such companies of them leaue the Woods and shew themselues for want of food Others haue supposed it to come to passe by the coolnesse of the weather which notwithstanding is neuer so great there as with vs in March nor scarce as it is in April except it be in the wind besides the Rats wanted not feathers of young Birds and Chickens which they daily killed and of Palmeto Mosse as wee call it to build themselues warme nests out of the wind as vsually they did Neither doth it appeare that the cold was so mortall to them seeing they would ordinarily swim from place to place and be very fat euen in the midst of Winter It remaineth then that as we know God doth sometimes effect his will without subordinate and secondary causes and sometimes against them So wee need not doubt but that in the speedy encrease and spreading of these Vermine as also in the preseruation of so many of vs by such weake meanes as we then enioyed and especially in the sudden remouall of this great annoyance there was ioyned with and besides the ordinary and manifest meanes a more immediate and secret worke of God Now to proceed M. Moores time of gouernment being expired Capt. Tucker succeeded arriuing there about mid-May 1616. who likewise gouerned according to the custome three yeeres which time hee spent for the most part in husbandring the Countrey planting and nourishing all such things as were found fit either for trade or for the sustentation and vse of the Inhabitants wherein hee trauelled with much diligence and good successe sending to some parts of the Indies for Plants and Fruâ—ts hee also adâ—ed to the Fortifications and made some Inclosures In his time viz. in the yeere 1617. was sent a Ship and prouision with men of skill for the killing of Whales but they arriued there too late to wit about the midst of April so that before they could make ready their Shallops and fit themselues the principall season for Whale-fishing was past For the Whale come thither in Ianuary and depart againe toward the latter end of May Yet they strook some but found them so liuely swift fierce after they were stricken that they could take none They yeeld great store of Oyle as appeared by one that draue to shoare on Sommerset Iland in Sandys Tribe and by another that we found not far from thence dead vpon a Rocke I also receiued by Captaine Tucker directions from the Aduenturers to diuide the Countrey and to assigne to each Aduenturer his shares or portion of Land and withall a description with notes touching the manner how they
conscience vse our owne all things to the pure are pure which others cannot whose conscience being pitchy all things it toucheth are defiled and not as some haue turned libertie into licentiousnesse with a bad conscience take away that which is anothers Christ came not to destroy the Law of which one Commandement is Thou shalt not steale My Kingdome saith hee is not of this world and therefore properly medleth not with proprietie and ciuill interests The weapons of our warfare saith Saint Paul are not carnall but spirituall and the Keyes so much boasted on by Peters pretended Successors are called Keyes of the Kingdome of Heauen lawfull keyes not thieuish picklocks of Heauen not of Earth And it is remarkable that neither Pope nor Anabaptist the troubles of Israel with worse then Heathenish conceits in this kind euer inuerted or interuerted Scepters till they had denied the very Christian name which they receiued in Baptisme nor dispised gouernment till they were twice dead nor promised this libertie to others till themselues were the seruants of corruption Euen a Malefactor a Traytor a very Faux or Rauiliac is permitted to breath yea is in prison the Kings house whereof no priuate hand may dispossesse him maintained at the Kings charge till iudgement haue passed on him which to the world is not till the end of the world when Christ shall come to iudge the quick and dead who once so respected the iurisdiction of Ethnickes that himselfe was thereby adiudged to the worst of sufferings yea acknowledged that power giuen to Pilat from aboue His Birth acknowledged Augustus his Edict his Infancy fled Herods tyranny his Man-hood payd Tiberius tribute and his Death was Roman both in kind and sentence Let euery soule be subiect to the higher powers yeelded those noble armies of Martyrs in the Primitiue Church the contrary whereof hath yeelded Mastiues and Monsters in these last and worst dayes Therefore was Babels building in the East and shall not Babel bable building in the West be confounded that men might bee dispersed thorow the world to take possession of their inheritance and God which said Replenish the earth hath made of one bloud all Nations of men to dwell on all the face of the earth and hath determined the times and bounds of their habitation Hee gaue Ar to the children of Lot and the Land of the Horims to Esaus posteritie though not with like circumstances as Canaan to Israel and it was by speciall indulgence that Israel both spoiled the Egyptians and disherited the Canaanites Let it bee enough that Christ hath giuen vs our selues in the Lords seruice to bee a perfect freeman the Vniuerse in an vniuersall tenure and Heauen in reuersion that hath giuen his Sonne doth giue his Spirit will giue himselfe that all things are ours and wee Christs and Christ Gods without thoughts of inuasion and vsurpation knowing that Christian Charity seeketh not her owne things much lesse obtrudes on others and Christian libertie maketh liberall Saints of naturall men not vnnaturall deuills of professed Saints Our Light should so shine before others that they may see our good workes that they which know not the world may bee won without the Word in admiring our Christian conuersation This should be and in the most Aduenturers I hope is the scope of the Virginian Plantation not to make Sauages and wild degenerate men of Christians but Christians of those Sauage wild degenerate men to whom preaching must needs bee vaine if it begins with publike Latrocinie And this is sufficient to preuent scruple of the Popes Bul which if Basan Buls roaring were euidence maketh as wel against England this being no lesse questionable then Virginia Paul Pius Gregory Sixtus breathing as much fire against this as Alexander for that But what right can England then challenge to Virginia I answere that we would be loth to begin our right at wrong either to Ethnick or Christian nor need we hauing so manifold and iust interests First as men we haue a naturall right to replenish the whole earth so that if any Countrey be not possessed by other men which is the case of Summer Ilands and hath beene of all Countries in their first habitations euery man by Law of Nature and Humanitie hath right of Plantation and may not by other after commers be dispossessed without wrong to human nature And if a country be inhabited in some parts therof other parts remaining vnpeopled the same reason giueth liberty to other men which want conuenient habit 〈…〉 〈◊〉 seat themselues where without wrong to others they may prouide for themselues For these haue the same right vnto these latter parts which the former had to the former especially where the people is wild and holdeth no settled possession in any parts Thus the holy Patriarks remoued their habitations and pasturages when those parts of the world were not yet replenished and thus the whole world hath been planted and peopled with former and later Colonies and thus Virginia hath roome enough for her own were their numbers an hundred times as many and for others also which wanting at home seeke habitations there in vacant places with perhaps better right then the first which being like Cain both Murtherers and Vagabonâ—s in their whatsoeuer and howsoeuer owne I can scarsly call Inhabitants To question this right were to accusâ— almost all Nations which were rocked for the most part in no other cradle and to disappoint also that Diuine Ordinance of replenishing the Earth whose habitations otherwise would be like scattered Ilands in the Seas or as the present Spanish Plantations in the Indies so dispersed and disioyned that one cannot in any distresse succour another and therefore are made an easier prey to euery Inuader Another right is that of Merchandise Non omnia possumus omnes Nec vero terrae ferre omnes omnia possunt God in manifold wisedome hath diuesified euery Countries commodities so that all are rich and all poore not that one should be hungry and another drunken but that the whole world might be as one body of mankind each member communicating with other for puâ—like good He hath made this immutable decree in the mutabilitie of the Winds commodities commodiousnesse of Seas and Harbors varietie of Baies and Riuers multiplicity of all Mens both Necessities and Superfluities and their vniuersall desires of Nouelties Thus Salomon and Hiram had right to sayle ouer the Ocean and to negotiate with the Ophirians for Gâ—mmes Gold Ivory and other commodities seruiceable for his peoples necessities for pompous Magnificence and for the Temples Holies And if hee did not plant Colonies there you must remember that the Iewish Pale was then standing which prohibited voluntarie remote dwellings where each man was thrice a yeere to appeare before the Lord in Ierusalem Besides it is a question whether the Countrey peopled so long before had roome for such Neighbours It is therefore
Witnesses of Antiquitie I haue already in due place produced Thomas Cowles Iuan de Fuca Thomas Dermer Sir Thomas Button Master Brigges besides the constant and generall report of all the Sauages from Florida to the great Riuer of Canada Now for the hopes of Uirginia by a South-Sea Discouery how neere is England that way to the Trade of both Indies that is of all the remoter World It stands midway betwixt vs and the most frequented Ports of the West which perhaps may shortly come to full age and sue out her Liuerie how euer hitherto kept in close Wardship and debarred the rights of common humanite that is the commerce with other Nations without discerning Friend and Foe Strange iealousie and worthy of iealous Suspicion to admit Trade in all European Ports not Siuill and Madrid excepted and to prohibit the same in all the East and West where it can lesse be prohibited there to repute all in nature of Pyrats and accordingly to make prize of ships goods and men which shall attempt to sayle that vast Ocean or offer Trade in any of those Habitations But leauing that to consideration of my Betters in the East both English and Dutch haue maintayned their iust Trade by force which by vniust force was denied and haue paid themselues largely for all losses sustayned by the Insultings or Assaultings of those Monopolians with gaine with honour that trade being almost denied to those iniurious deniers their owne reputation and traffique now bleeding which would haue cut the throates of all others aduentures of all other aduenturers I neither prophesie nor exhort vnto the like in the West Our prudent and potent Mother Elizabeth wan renowne and wealth in their owne harbours and Cities at home and no lesse in the remotest of their Lands and Seas Yea the South Sea by furthest compasse was neere to her long and iust armes and their Cacaplata and Saint Anne with other their richest Ships and Ports were ransacked by English Cacafuegos and the charges of those warres borne by those enemies which caused them Nulla salus bello pacem te poscimus omnes He whose words and workes hath euer beene Beati pacifici knowes best when and how to exact his and the Worlds right in the World of which God hath granted a Monopoly to no man and if others can embrace the whole Globe with dispersed habitations not to suffer his long arme to be shortned and the strong armes of his to be pinioned and forced to accept of a bounded and limited commerce in a little corner at others pleasure Once in iust and euen peace Virginia stands fit to become Englands Factor in America if war should happen both it and Bermuda are fit Senâ—â—nels and Scouts yea fit Searchers and Customers fit Watch-towers and Arsenals to maintaine right against all wrong-doers And for the South Sea if a passage be found neere vnto Uirginia as Master Dermer was confident vpon relations as he writ to me of a thousand witnesses wee then see Uirginias lap open yeelding her Ports and Harbours for the Easterne treasures to be the neerest way conueied by the West Yea if it be more remote as Chacke and Fuca relate yet hath Virginia an vsefull neighbourhood both for sicke men weatherbeaten Ships and prouisions exhaust in long Voyages to make them fitter for returne And if such passage were not at all yet the Mountaines of Virginia cannot but send Riuers to that Sea so that as the wealth of Peru is brought to Panama and thence by Land conuaied to the Ports of this Sea so may the wealth of the South Sea and the Regions of the West of America be that way passed to English hands The like may be said of the Ilands of Salomon the South vnknowne Continent which after-times may discouer probably as rich as the rest that I mention not the knowne Regions of the East already traded And although the passage be not yet perfectly knowne yet may the seasons and fittest opportunities and prouisions for that discouery be most easie from Uirginia and there if crossed with stormes or other diasters they may finde securest refuge and refreshing And if which God auert we may not haue the wares of peace yet the peace of warres that is a fit rendeuous and retiring place where to cheere and hearten to repaire and supply vpon all occasions is there offered by the aduantages of both Seas For in both that vast body must needes be of slow motion where the limmes are so disioynted and one member vnfit to helpe another by remotenesse And if it should but force the aduersary to maintaine Garrisons in his Ports on both sides to secure them from inuasion and a double Nauie of War in both Seas the one to secure the Coasts the other to secure his Shippes in the South Sea passing from the Philippinas or from one Port to another and in the North Sea to wafte his Treasures and Merchandise into Europe the wings of that Eagle would be so pulled with such costs that hee could not easily make inuasiue flight vpon his neighbours in these parts vea both those and these Dominions would be exposed to the easier inuasions of others Tam Marte quam Mercurio in Peace and Warre so vsefull may Uirginia and Bermuda be to this Kingdome Now if any say Medice cura teipsum and alleadge that they themselues are not able to stand against an enemy I answere first for Bermuda or Summer Ilands that little body is all heart and hath the strentgh of Nature and Art conspiring her impregnablenesse For the Rockes euery way haue so fortified the scituation that she would laugh at an Armada at a World of Ships where the straight passage admits not two Ships abreast to enter and hath ten Forts with Ordnance to entertaine them She feares no rauishment and as little needes she famishment so that vnlesse God for our sinnes or the Diuell by the worst of sinnes treason and the worst of his Sonnes some Iudas expose her to the Enemy she can know no other loue or Lord but English And for Virginia against the Sauages greatest fright Captaine Smith maintained himselfe without losse with gaine with thirty eight men against others she hath so fit places for fortification so fit meanes and materials to secure her as eye-witnesses report that the worst of enemies to be feared is English backwardnesse or frowardnesse like Sampsons Foxes either drawing backe or hauing fire at their tongues ends Now if Queene Elizabeth of glorious memory were able from England onely to annoy her enemies so great and potent so much and farre what may we in Gods name hope of a New England New found Land Bermuda and Uirginia already planted with English When vpon newes of the fall of that great Northen Starre the Duke of Braganzas brother spake of her as the Iesuites had slandered hold your peace brother said the Duke himselfe one then present related this to me had it not beene for her
Capawuck where Epenew should haue fraughted them with Gold Ore that his fault could be no cause of their bad successe howeuer it is alledged for an excuse I speake not this out of vain glory as it may be some gleaners or some was neuer there may censure mee but to let all men be assured by those examples what those Sauages are that thus strangely doe murder and betray our Coâ—ntrie men But to the purpose What is already writ of the healthfulnesse of the ayre the richnesse of the soyle the goodnesse of the Woods the abundance of Fruits Fish and Fowle in their season they still affirme that haue beene there now neer two yeeres and at one draught they haue taken one thousand Basses and in one night twelue hogsheads of Herring They are building a strong Fort they hope shortly to finish in the interim they are well prouided their number is about a hundred persons all in health and well neere sixtie Acres of ground well planted with Corne besides their Gardens well replenished with vsefull fruits and if their Aduenturers would but furnish them with necessaries for fishing their wants would quickly bee supplied To supply them this sixteenth of October is going the Paragon with sixtie seuen persons and all this is done by priuate mens purses And to conclude in their owne words should they write of all plenties they haue found they thinke they should not be beleeued For the twentie sixe sayle of Ships the most I can yet vnderstand is M. Ambrose Iennens of London and Master Abraham Iennens of Plimmoth sent their Abraham a Ship of two hundred and twentie Tuns and the Nightingale of Porchmouth of a hundred whose Fish at the first penie came to 3150 pounds in all they were fiue and thirty saile and wherein New found Land they shared sixe or seuen pounds for a common man in New England they shared foureteene pounds besides six Dutch and French Ships made wonderfull returnes in Furres Thus you may see plainely the yearely successe from New England by Virginia which hath bin so costly to this Kingdome and so deare to me which either to see perish or but bleede pardon me though it passionate me beyond the bounds of modesty to haue bin sufficiently able to foresee it and had neither power nor meanes how to preuent it By that acquaintance I haue with them I may call them my children for they haue bin my Wife my Hawkes my Hounds my Cards my Dice and in totall my best content as indifferent to my heart as my left hand to my right and notwithstanding all those miracles of disasters haue crossed both them and me yet were there not one Englishman remaining as God be thanked there is some thousands I would yet begin againe with as small meanes as I did at the first not for that I haue any secret encouragement from any I protest more then lamentable experiences for all their Discoueries I can yet heare of are but Pigs of my owne Sowe nor more strange to me then to heare one tell mee he hath gone from Billings gate and discouered Greenwich Grauesend Tilberry Quinborow Lee and Margit which to those did neuer heare of them though they dwell in England might be made seeme some rare secrets and great Countries vnknowne except the Relation of Master Dirmer But to returne It is certaine from Cannada and New England within these sixe yeares hath come neere 20000. Beuer Skins Now had each of those Ships transported but some small quantitie of the most increasing Beasts Fowles Fruites Plants and Seedes as I proiected by this time their increase might haue bin sufficient for a thousand men But the desire of present gaine in many is so violent and the endeuours of many vndertakers so negligent euery one so regarding their priuate gaine that it is hard to effect any publicke good and impossible to bring them into a body rule or order vnlesse both authority and money assist experiences It is not a worke for euery one to plant a Colony but when a House is built it is no hard matter to dwell in it This requireth all the best parts of art iudgement courage honesty constancy diligence and experience to doe but neere well your home-bred ingrossing proiectors shall finde there a great difference betwixt saying and doing But to conclude the Fishing will goe forward if you plant it or no whereby a Colonie may be transported with no great charge that in a short time might prouide such fraughts to buy of vs there dwelling as I would hope no Ship should goe or come empty from New England The charge of this is onely Salt Nets Hookes Lines Kniues Irish Rugs course Cloath Beades Glasse and such like trash onely for fishing and trade with the Sauages beside our owne necessary prouisions whose endeuours will quickly defray all this charge and the Sauages haue intreated me to inhabite where I will Now all these Ships till this last yeare haue bin fished within a square of two or three leagues and not one of them all would aduenture any further where questionlesse fiue hundred saile may haue their fraught better then in Island New found Land or elsewhere and be in their markets before the other can haue their fish in their Ships because New Englands fishing begins with February the other not till mid May the progression hereof tends much to the aduancement of Virginia and the Bermudas whose emptie Ships may take in their fraught there and would be a good friend in time of neede to the Inhabitants of New found Land c. CHAP. IIII. A Relation or Iournall of a Plantation setled at Plimoth in New England and proceedings thereof Printed 1622. and here abbreuiated WEdnesday the sixt of September the Winde comming East North-east a fine small gale we loosed from Plimoth hauing bin kindely entertained and curteously vsed by diuers friends there dwelling and after many difficulties in boisterous stormes at length by Gods prouidence vpon the ninth of Nouember following by breake of the day we espied Land which we deemed to be Cape Cod and so afterward it proued Vpon the eleuenth of Nouember we came to an anchor in the Bay which is a good harbour and pleasant Bay circled round except in the entrance which is about foure miles ouer from land to land compassed about to the verie Sea with Oakes Pines Iuniper Saffafras and other sweete Wood it is a harbour wherein 1000. saile of Ships may safely ride there wee relieued our selues with Wood and Water and refreshed our people while our Shallop was fitted to coast the Bay to search for an habitation there was the greatest store of Fowle that euer we saw And euerie day we saw Whales playing hard by vs of which in that place if wee had instruments and meanes to take them we might haue made a verie rich returne which to our great griefe we wanted Our Master and his Mate and others experienced in fishing professed wee might haue
we haue found to be almost needelesse Our great Ram-Goate was missing fifteene dayes in October and came home well againe and is yet well with vs. If the industry of men and presence of domesticall Cattle were applied to the good of this Countrey of New-found-land there would shortly arise iust cause of contentment to the inhabitants thereof Many of our Masters and Sea-faring men seeing our safetie and hearing what a milde winter we had and that no Ice had bin seene fleeting in any of the Bayes of this Countrey all this yeare notwithstanding that then met one hundred and fifty leagues off in the Sea great store of Ilands of Ice doe begin to be in loue with the Countrey and doe talke of comming to take land here to inhabit falling in the reckoning aswell of the commoditie that they may make by the banke fishing as by the husbandry of the Land besides the ordinary fishing At the Greene Bay where some of our Company were a fishing in Nouember they report there is great store of good grounds without woods and there is a thousand acres together which they say may be moâ—ed this yere There is great store of Deere whereof they saw some diuers times and twice they came within shot of them and the Greyhound who is lustie had a course but could not get vpon them But neerer vnto Cape Razo Reuonse and Trepasse there is great quantitie of open ground and Stagges It is most likely that all the Sackes will be departed out of England before the returne of this our Barke which shall not make any matter because I am now of opinion that nothing should be sent hither before the returne of the Ships from fishing For as concerning sending of Cattle it will be best that it be deferred vntill the next Spring And concerning Victuals in regard of the quantity we haue of it remaining of old together with that that is come now as with the dry fish that here we may be stored with I am in good hope there will not want any to last till this time twelue moneths And according to the victuals which shall be found at the end of the fishing the number of persons that shall remaine here all the next winter shall be fitted that there shall not want notwithstanding about Alhollantide or the beginning of December a Ship may be sent such a one as our Fleming was with Salt from Rochel for at any time of the winter Ships may as well goe and come hither as when they doe especially before Ianuary This Summer I purpose to see most places betweene Cape Rase Placentia and Bona vista and at the returne of the fishing Ships to entertaine a fit number of men to maintaine here the winter and to set ouer them and to take the care of all things here with your patience one Master William Colton a discreete yong man and my brother Philip Guy who haue wintered with me and haue promised me to vndertake this charge vntill my returne the next Spring or till it shall be otherwise disposed of by you and then together with such of the company as are willing to goe home and such others as are not fit longer to be entertained here I intend to take passage in the fishing Ships and so returne home And then betweene that and the Spring to be present to giue you more ample satisfaction in all things and to take such further resolution as the importance of the enterprise shall require wherein you shall finde me alwayes as ready as euer I haue bin to proceeds and goe forward God willing And because at my comming home it will be time enough for mee to lay before you mine opinion touching what is to be vndertaken the next yeare I will forbeare now to write of it because you should be the sooner aduertised of our welfare and because such of the Company as are sent home both for their owne good and that the vnprofitable expence of victuals and wages might coase I haue laden little or nothing backe that the said Company might the better be at ease in the hold Onely there is sent three hogsheads of Charcoles where Numero 1o. is they are of Burch no. 2o. is of Pine and Spruce no. 3o. is of Firre being the lightest wood yet it maketh good Coles and is vsed by our Smith I send them because you shall see the goodnesse of each kinde of Cole Also I send you an Hogshead of the Skinnes and Furres of such Beasts as haue bin taken here the particulers whereof appeare in the Bill of lading While I was writing I had newes of the Vineyard the Ship which you send to fishing to haue bin in company with another Ship that is arriued on this side of the Banke and that the Master intended to goe to Farillon or Fer-land God send her in safety So praying God for the prosperity of your Worships and the whole Company with hope that his diuine Maiestie which hath giuen vs so good a beginning will alwayes blesse our proceedings my dutie most humbly remembred I take my leaue Dated in Cupers Coue the sixteenth of May 1611. I haue also a Iournall of the winde and weather from the latter end of August 1611. till Iune 1612. written by Master William Colston and deliuered to Master Iohn Guy Gouernour of the English Colony in Newfoundland at his returne from England thither Iune the seuenth 1612. By which it appeareth that the weather was somewhat more intemperate then it had beene the yeare before but not intolerable nor perhaps so bad as we haue it sometims in England Their Dogges killed a Wolfe Otters Sables c. Captaine Easton a Pirat was troublesome to the English and terrible to the French there of whom I haue added this Letter for the Diarie of the weather and occurrents each day would be very tedious To Master IOHN SLANY Treasurer and others of the Councell and Company of the New-found-land Plantation the twenty nine of Iuly 1612. RIght Worshipfull by my last of the seuenteenth of Iune I wrote you of the estate then of all matters here by the Holland Ship which I hope is long since safely arriued together with Master Colston who hath I doubt not made by word of mouth full relation of all matters Because the proceedings of one Captaine Peter Easton a Pirate and his company since are most fit to be knowne before I touch our Plantation businesse you shall vnderstand what they haue bin vnto this time vntill the seuenteenth of this present the said Captaine Easton remained in Harbor de Grace there trimming and repairing his Shipping and commanding not onely the Carpenters of each Ship to doe his businesse but hath taken victuals munition and necessaries from euery Ship together with about one hundred men out of the Bay to man his Ships being now in number six He purposed to haue before he goeth as is said cut of the land fiue hundred men while he remained there
the coast of France The Generall of this mightie Nauie was Don Alonso Perez de Guzman Duke of Medina Sidonia Lord of S. Lucar and Knight of the golden Fleece by reason that the Marquesse of Santa Cruz appointed for the same dignity deceased before the time Iohn Martines de Ricalde was Admirall of the Fleete Francis Bouadilla was chiefe Marshall who all of them had their officers fit and requisite for the guiding and managing of such a multitude Likewise Martin Alorcon was appointed Vicar generall of the Inquisition being accompanied with more â—hen a hundreth Monkes to wit Iesuites Capuchines and Friers Mendicant Besides whom also there were Phisitians Chirurgians Apothecaries and whatsoeuer else pertained vnto the Hospitall Ouer and besides the forenamed Gouernours and Officers being men of chiefe note there were 124 very noble and worthy Gentlemen which went voluntarily of their owne costs and charges to the end they might see fashions learne experience and attaine vnto glory Amongst whom was the Prince of Ascoli Alonzo de Leiua the Marquesse de Pennafiel the Marquesse de Ganes the Marquesse de Barlango Count de Paredes Count de Yeluas and diuers other Marqueses and Earles of the honorable families of Mendoza of Toledo of Pachicco of Cordono of Guzman of Manriques and a great number of others I haue by me the Dukes Orders for the whole Nauie during this Voyage made aboord the Gallion Saint Martin May 28. the beginning whereof I haue added the whole would be too long Don ALONSO PERES DE GVSMAN the good Duke of Medina Sidonia Countie of Nebla Marquesse of Casheshe in Africa Lord of the Citie Saint Lucar Captaine Generall of the Occian Sea of the Coast of Andaluzia and of this Armie of his Maiestie and Knight of the honorable Order of the golden Fleece I Doe ordaine and command that the generall Masters of the field all Captaines of the Sea Pilats Masters Souldiers Mariners and Officers and whatsoeuer other people for the Land or Sea seruice commeth in this Armie all the time that it indureth shall be thus gouerned as hereafter followeth viz. First and before all things it is to be vnderstood by all the aboue named from the highest to the lowest that the principall foundation and cause that hath moued the King his Maiestie to make and continue this iournie hath beene and is to serue God and to returne vnto his Church a great many of contrite soules that are oppressed by the Heretikes enemies of our holy Catholike faith which haue them subiects to their sects and vnhappinesse and for that euery one may put his eyes vpon this marke as we are bound I doe command and much desire euery one to giue charge vnto the inferiors and those vnder their charge to imbarke themselues being shriuen and hauing receiued the Sacrament with competent and contrition for their sinnes by the which contrition and zeale to doe God such great seruice he will carry and guide vs to his great glory which is that which particularly and principally is pretended In like manner I doe charge and command you to haue particular care that no Soldier Marriner or other that serueth in this Armie doe blaspheme or rage against God or our Lady or any of the Saints vpon paine that he shall therefore sharply be corrected and very well chastened as it shall seeme best vnto vs and for other oathes of lesse qualitie the Gouernours in the same Ships they goe in shall procure to remedy all they shall punish them in taking away their allowance of Wine or otherwise as they shall thinke good And for that the most occasions come by play you shall publikly prohibit it especially the games that are forbidden and that none doe play in the night by no meanes Articles follow to suppresse quarrels to auoid disgracing any man and all occasions of scandall forbidding carriage of common women with other orders for watchwords attendance on the Admirall for fire and wilde-fire and lights armours shâ—â— powder match and other necessary instructions too long to be here particularised that in the height of humaine policie and religious hypocrisie the hand of God in Englands preseruation may be made euident While the Spaniards were furnishing this their Nauie the Duke of Parma at the direction of King Philip made great preparation in the low Countries to giue aide and assistance vnto the Spaniards building Ships for the same purpose and sending for Pilots and Ship wrights out of Italy In Flanders he caused certaine deepe channels to be made and among the rest the channell of Yper commonly called Yper-lee employing some thousands of workemen about that seruice to the end that by the said Cannell he might transport Ships from Antwerp and Ghendt to Bruges where he had assembled aboue a hundreth small Ships called Hoyes being well stored with victuals which Hoyes he was determined to haue brought into the Sea by the way of Sluys or else to haue conueied them by the said Yper-lee being now of greater depth into any port of Flanders whatsoeuer In the Riuer of Waten he caused 70. Ships with flat bottomes to be built euery one of which should serue to carry 30. horses hauing each of them Bridges likewise for the Horses to come on boord or to goe forth on land Of the same fashion he had prouided 200. other vessels at Neiuport but not so great And at Dunkerk he procured 28. Ships of warre such as were there to be had and caused a sufficient number of Mariners to be leuied at Hamburg Breme Emdâ—n and at other places He put in the ballast of the said Ships great store of beames of thicke plankes being hollow and beset with Iron pikes beneath but on each side full of claspes and hookes to ioyne them together He had likewise at Graueling prouided 20. thousand of caske which in a short space might be compact and ioyned together with nailes and cords and reduced into the forme of a Bridge To be short whatsoeuer things were requisite for the making of Bridges and for the barring stopping vp of Hauens mouthes with stakes posts and other meanes he commanded to be made ready Moreouer not far from Neinport hauen he had caused a great pile of wooden fagots to be laid and other furniture to be brought for the rearing vp of a Mount The most part of his Ships contained two Ouens a peece to bake Bread in with a great number of saddles bridles and such other like apparell for Horses They had Horses likewise which after their landing should serue to conuey and draw engines field-pieces and other warlike prouisions Neeere vnto Neiuport he had assembled an armie ouer the which hee had ordained Camillo de Monte to be Camp-master This army consisted of 30. bands or ensignes of Italians of ten bands of Wallons eight of Scots and eight of Burgundians all which together amount vnto 56. bands euery band containing a hundreth persons Neere vnto Dixmud there
moued with the renoune and celebritie of his name with one consent yeelded themselues and found him very fauourable vnto them Then Ualdez with forty or fiftie Noblemen and Gentlemen pertaining vnto him came on boord Sir Francis Drakes ship The residue of his company were carried vnto Plimmouth where they were detained a yeere and an halfe for their ransome Valdez comming vnto Drake and humbly kissing his hand protesting vnto him that he and his had resolued to die in battell had they not by good fortune fallen into his power whom they knew to be right curteous and gentle and whom they had heard by generall report to be most fauourable vnto his vanquished foe insomuch that he said it was to be doubted whether his enemy had more cause to admire and loue him for his great valiant and prosperous exploits or to dread him for his singular felicity and wisdome which euer attended vpon him in the wars and by the which he had attained vnto so great honor With that Drake embraced him and gaue him very honorable entertainment feeding him at his owne table and lodging him in his Cabbin Here Valdez began to recount vnto Drake the forces of all the Spanish Fleete and how foure mighty Gallies were separated by tempest from them and also how they were determined first to haue put into Plimmouth hauen not expecting to be repelled thence by the English ships which they thought could by no meanes withstand their impregnable forces perswading themselues that by meanes of their huge Fleete they were become Lords and commanders of the maine Ocean For which cause they marueiled much how the Englishmen in their small Ships durst approach within musket shot of the Spaniards mighty wodden Castles gathering the wind of them with many other such like attempts Immediately after Valdez and his Company being a man of principall authority in the Spanish Fleet and being descended of one and the same family with that Valdez which in the yeere 1574. besieged Leiden in Holland were sent captiues into England There were in the said ship 55. thousand Duckets in ready monie of the Spanish Kings gold which the souldiers merrily shared among themselues The same day was set on sire one of their greatest ships being Admirall of the squadron of Guipusco and being the ship of Michael de Oquendo Vice-admirall of the whole Fleete which contained great store of Gunpowder and other warlike prouision The vpper part onely of this ship was burnt and all the persons therein contained except a very few were consumed with fire And thereupon it was taken by the English and brought into England with a number of miserable burnt and scorched Spaniards Howbeit the Gunpowder to the great admiration of all men remained whole and vnconsumed In the meane season the Lord Admirall of England in his ship called the Arke-royall all that night pursued the Spaniards so neere that in the morning hee was almost left alone in the enemies Fleete and it was foure of the clocke at afternoone before the residue of the English Fleete could ouertake him At the same time Hugo de Moncada Gouernour of the foure Galliasses made humble suite vnto the Duke of Medina that hee might be licenced to encounter the Admirall of England which liberty the Duke thought not good to permit vnto him because he was loath to exceede the limits of his Commission and charge Vpon tuesday which was the 23. of Iuly the Nauy being come ouer against Portland the wind began to turne Northerly insomuch that the Spaniards had a fortunate and fit gale to inuade the English But the Englishmen hauing lesser and nimbler ships recouered againe the vantage of the winde from the Spaniards whereat the Spaniards seemed to be more incensed to fight then before But when the English fleet had continually and without intermission from morning to night beaten and battered them with all their shot both great and small the Spaniards vniting themselues gathered their whole Fleete close together into a roundell so that it was apparant that they ment not as yet to inuade others but onely to defend themselues to make haste vnto the place prescribed vnto them which was neere vnto Dunkerk that they might ioyne forces with the Duke of Parma who was determined to haue proceeded secretly with his small ships vnder the shadow and protection of the great ones and so had intended circumspectly to performe the whole expedition This was the most furious and bloudy skirmish of all in which the Lord Admirall of England continued fighting amidst his enemies Fleete and seeing one of his Captaines a farre off he spake vnto him in these words Oh George what doest thou Wilt thou now furstrate my hope and opinion conceiued of thee Wilt thou forsake mee now With which words hee being enflamed approached forthwith encountered the enemy and did the part of a most valiant Captaine His name was George Fenner a man that had beene conuersant in many Sea-fights In this conflict there was a certaine great Uenetian ship with other small ships surprized and taken by the English The English Nauy in the meane while increased whereunto out of all Hauens of the Realme resorted ships and men for they all with one accord came flocking thither as vnto a set field where immortall fame and glory was to be attained and faithfull seruice to be performed vnto their Prince and Countrey In which number there were many great and honorable personages as namely the Earle of Oxford of Northumberland of Cumberland c. with many Knights and Gentlemen to wit Sir Thomas Cecill Sir Robert Cecill Sir Walter Raleigh Sir William Hatton Sir Horatio Palauicini Sir Henry Brooke Sir Robert Carew Sir Charles Blunt Master Ambrose Willoughbie Master Henry Nowell Master Thomas Gerard Master Henry Dudley Master Edward Darcie Master Arthur Gorge Master Thomas Woodhouse M. William Haruie c. And so it came to passe that the number of the English ships amounted vnto an hundreth which when they were come before Douer were increased to an hundred and thirty being not withstanding of no proportionable bignesse to encounter with the Spaniards except two or three and twnety of the Queenes greater ships which onely by reason of their presence bred an opinion in the Spaniards minds concerning the power of the English Fleet the Marriners and Souldiers whereof were esteemed to be twelue thousand The foure and twentie of Iuly when as the Sea was calme and no winde stirring the fight was onely betweene the foure great Galleasses and the English ships which being rowed with Oares had great vantage of the English ships which not withstanding for all that would not be forced to yeelde but discharged their chaine-shot to cut a sunder their Cables and Cordage of the Galleasses with many other such Stratagems They were now constrained to send their men on land for a new supply of Gunpowder whereof they were in great scarcitie
Barbary The eight and twenty day being Monday the Lord Admirall came aboord the Arke againe minding there to remaine for a space as indeede he did and vpon the aduice of his Phisician to deale something in phisicke for that his Lordship found his body something out of frame At that time it pleased his Lordship to write certaine letters to the Duke of Medina Sidonia for the deliuerance of English Captiues who were remaining in the Gallies For by this time it was reported that the said Duke was come downe in person with some power and that he was either at Port Saint Mary or else at Rotta or thereabout His Lordship did indiâ—e the Letters himselfe but his pleasure was they should be turned into Latine by another and so to be sent as indeede they were in the Latine tongue vnto the Duke The next day after being the fourth of Iuly the Lords generall caused the towne of Cadiz to be set on fire and rased and defaced so much as they could the faire Cathedrall Church and the Religious houses onely being spared and left vnblemished And with the Towne all such prouision for shipping and other things as were seruiceable for the Realmes vse and yet were not eitherso conuenient for vs to be carried away as else such as we stood no whit at all in neede of were likewise at the same instant consumed with fire And presently thereupon their Lordships with as conuenient speede as they could and the whole army in such order and leisure as they thought best came aboord The next day being the fist of Iuly the Lords generall with all the army being vnder saile and now making for England and but as yet passing the very mouth of the Bay of Cadiz a Galley ful of English prisoners with a flag of truce met vs from Rotta sent by the Duke of Medina Sidonia and sent as it should seeme one day later then his promise but yet their flag being either not big enough or not well placed in the Galley or not well discerned of our men or by what other mischance I know not but thus it was by one of our smallest ships that sailed formost as soone as the said Galley came within Gunshot there was a great Peece discharged vpon her and at that instant there was one man slaine outright and two other grieuously hurt The errour being espied and perceiued our ship gaue ouer immediately from any further shooting As soone as the Galley came neere vs my Lord Admirall caused a gracious salutation to be sounded with his trumpets and willed the Captaines forthwith to come aboord his ship which they did and then he feasted them with a Banket as the time and place might serue And then by them vnderstanding of that vnfortunate mischance that had hapned by the shot of the said ship he was very sorry for the same and yet such was the mercifull prouidence of almighty God that euen in this mischance also he did hold his holy hand ouer the English and all the harme that was done did light only vpon the poore Turke and the Spaniard himselfe When this Lord had well banqueted them he presently called for his Barge and did accompany the said Galley to the Lord Generall the Earle of Essex who then did ride with his ship a good distance off and there they being in like manner most honorably receiued and intertained the Spanish Gentlemen deliuered vp their prisoners the English captiues of whom some had bin there six yeeres some eight or ten yea and some two and twenty yeeres and vpward and some of them but lately taken in Sir Francis Drakes last voyage to the Indies The number of the prisoners deliuered were but nine and thirty and no moe and were brought in and deliuered by Don Antonio de Corolla and his brother and by Don Pedro de Cordâ—â— and certaine others If any man presume here so farre as to inquire how it chanced that the Lord Generall rested so long at Cadiz and went no further and why Port Saint Mary being so faire a Towne and so neere to them was for borne and why Shâ—râ—s alias Xeres And why Rotta and the like And why this or that was done And why that â—or this left vndone I will not answere him with our common English prouerbe as I might which is That one foole may aske moe questions in one houre then ten discreete men can well answere in fiue dayes But that graue ancient writer Cornelius Tacitus hath a wise briefe pithy saying and it is this Nemo tentauit inquirere in columnas Herculis sanctiâ—sque ac reuerentius habitum est de fact is Deorum â—redere quà m scire Also vpon my knowledge the chiefest cause why Port Saint Mary and the rest were left vntouched was this For that it was most certainely known that they were Townes not worth the saluting of such a royall company in which there was no manner of wealth in the world left more then bare houses of stone and standing wals and might well haue serued rather as a stale perchance to haue entrapped then as a meanes to haue enriched And thus much for our iourney to Cadiz for the accidents that hapned by the way for the winning spoiling and burning of the said Towne for the ouerthrow of the Spanish Fleete there and for all other by-matters that hapned as appendances to the same both in the time of our abode there as also at the very last houre of our comming from thence As for our returne home and our entrance into a part of Portugall by the way with the taking spoiling and burning of the Towne of Faraon there and marching into the Spanish confines thereabouts c. I minde to leaue it to some other whose chance was to be present at the action as my selfe was not and shall be of more sufficient ability to performe it Meteranus writeth that the taking of Cadiz had so terrified the neighbour townes that the Inhabitants fled out of them and Saint Lucar had beene also very easily taken if a few ships had assaulted it and that eighteene Spanish ships comming from the Indies ignorant of what had hapned were English at vnawares being very wealthy CHAP. XIIII The Voyage to the Iles of Azores vnder the conduct of the Right Honorable ROBERT Earle of Essex 1597. §. I. The Relation thereof by the said Earle and other Commissioners I The Generall hauing by her Maiesties gracious fauour the charge of her Fleete and Armie set out of Plimmouth in Iune 1597. did both promise my selfe and giue hope to her Maiestie that I should be able to defeate the King of Spaines Fleete commanded by the Adelantado if I met them at Sea or destroy it in the harbour of Feroll if I found them there as also to master and take all Fleetes of treasure or of the East or West Indian Fleete that I should finde vpon the Sea in their way to Spaine and lastly that I should
sands 1500 Curenda a populous Indian nation in the River Parana described their apparell ornament and commodities 1350 Cutes wrought by prayers 1515 Curewapori Ilands 1279 Curiadan a place in Trinidad the inhabitants called Saluages 1247 Curiapan a place neere Orenoque 1247 A Current in the Sea vnder thirty two degrees 1174 Currents that set East or West may breed mistake in Navigators ibid. Other vncertaine currents 1400 1373 A Current setting to the Northward in forty degrees 1759 Curucucu Snakes in Brasile of 15 spans long very venemous 1304 Curupija Indians of Brasile 1299 Cusco a place in the South Sea 1416. A Citie as bigge as Rome it hath in it a thousand Spaniards 1420 Customes of fishing of wonderfull gaine to the townes of Lubecke Hamborough and Embden 1837 Customes paiá yearely to the Prince of the Indians 1869 Cutifa-chiqui a Province in Florida 1537 Caynaccaro a Province 1558 D. DAinty a Ship of Sir Richard Hawkins fortunate in voyage for her Maiestie vnfortunate for the owners 1367 Dale viz Sir Tho Dales ariuali at Virginia 1733. His relation of the passages there and how the affaires stood An. 1614. p. 1768 seq His commendation 1770 Damarius Coue a place neere Munhiggen forty leagues from Plimouth in new-New-England North-east-ward 1856 Dancing distinguishing nations in the Indies 1480 Dancing of the Virginians 1687 1573 1574 Dariene a Sound in the Indies 1180 Sir Ber. Drake his ariue at the New-found-land 1883 Captaine Darmers fishing voyage his coasting the shore till hee came to Virginia his men fall sicke his returne to the New-found-land his discouerie of many fruitfull Coasts and pleasant Rivers from Hudsons River to Cape Iames. 1830 The prosperous successe hee had in pâ—â—curing a truce betweene vs and the Savages is treacherously betrayed wounded and flyeth to Virginia for succour and there dyeth 1831 Capt. Davies voyage to the South Sea 1191. seq His losse of Cap. Candish successe ibid. seq Accused for treacherie 1193 Candishes opinion of him 1194 Daycao a riuer in Florida 1554 Dayes of publike Thanks giving instituted in New-England 1867 Dayes length in New-England 1871 Dead not lamented by some Indians 1523 Deaws very vnhealthy to Englishmen and Indians 1250 Deere worshipped by some Indians 1479. Deere of severall sorts bringing forth two three or foure at once 1831. Decre good store in New-England and the manner of taking them 1845. Deeres-flesh dried in the winde food of the Indians 1881 Dermers resolution by letter of some passages in Virginia 1778 1779 Description of the King of Spaines invincible Armada 1897 De Todos los Santos a towne in the West Indies neere the line 1189 Dâ—vill consulted withall by â—he Indians of Wyâ—poco they call him Peyar 1263. As also Watupâ— who beatâ— them sometimes blacke and blew 1274. The Brasilians cal him Curupira Taguain Pigtanguâ— Machchera Anhanga they feare him much and think their soules after death are tured into Devils 1290 The Devils illuding wounding and tormenting the Savages of Florida 1516 1517. The Devill worshipped by New-Spaniards that is in Noua Hispania their delusion by him 1558. Temples built for him and an oratory made and meat given him by them of new Mexico 1561 The Divell forbids Baptisme to the Indians 1564 The deuils policy in keeping the Indians poore 1868. His try all of those which are dedicated to him ibid. His being worshipped by the Virginians his images feare and name of Oke 1701 Dyals how admired by the Virginian Savages 1708 Dâ—amonds in Brasile 1230 In Canada 1612. in New France 1611 Difference betweene Campe and garison Souldiers 1944 Diego Flores de Valdes a Spaniard sent with a Fleet to Brasile and the successe 1440 1441 Diego de Almagro the first Spanish discouerer of Chili 1475. The next Pedro de Maldiuia 1476 Discoveries of divers Ilands and Lakes in Canada 1614. seq A Discoverie of the English full of danger Discoveries proue best when least discouered 1955 First discoveries of America the new World by English and Spanish 1812 Diseases very strange 1191 1214 1258 Disorder the fore-runner of ill successe in Candâ—shes Fleet 1202 Disorder more weakencth the English then the enemy 1966 Dispâ—â—ations touching Spanish crueltie in the Indies 1601 1602 1603 Dissequebe an Indian River 1269 Dogs worshipped 1471. Ravenous dogs 1172. Terrible to the Indians 1327 1328 Great dogs that fight with Buls and carie fifty pound on their backe in hunting 1561 Dogs that devoure men first taught by Spaniards 1582 Dogs that cannot barke 1696 Dolphin described his loue to mankinde 1375 Saint Domingo 1146. The description riches and fortification thereof 1418 Dominica 1152. The inhabitants described with their brutishnesse 1685. The inhabitants hate the Spaniards loue the English their presents tradings and commodities ibid. Want of cloathes ornaments Canons Merchandise and red painting 1158. More copious description of the soyle woods mountaines towne wo 〈…〉 modestie King familiaritie of their maids chastitie desire of cloathes 1158 1159. Their common fare state meat haire desire to learne English 1159. Distinction of maids and wiues 1159 Dominica assaulted and taken by Sir Francis Drake 1182. Inhabited by Spaniards the sand of the Rivers mixed with gold great plenty of Roots and Sugar Canes 1833 Don Alfonso Perez de Guzman Commander of the Spanish Fleet in 88. 1901 Don Antonio de Mendoza his strife with Cortez for most discoveries and sending forth divers by sea and land for that purpose 1560 Don Diego de Pâ—mentell taken prisoner in Zeland 1911 Don Iohn of Austria defeated of his intended treachery to get to himselfe Mary Queene of Scots his wife 1893 Dos Patos a River in America 1218 Don Pedro and his company taken prisoners by Sir Francis Dâ—ake 1905 Douer-cliff-sound on the North of Virginia 1648 A Doue lighted on the Mastes of English Ships 1967 Dragnanes a certaine kind of Indians in Florida 1510 Drake viz. Sir Francis Drakes first discovery of the Southermost land 1391. His treacherous vsage by the Indians 1392. His expedition with a great Fleet 1434. His riches gotten by his voyages 1439 Sir Fraâ— Drakes original parentage education progresse first voyage surprising of the towne of Nombre de Dios 1179. His burning 200000 Duckets in Merchandize and protestation for the South sea 1180. His circumnauigation the opinion of his riches ibid. Which were sequestred to the Queen his voyage to Domingo company and ships ariues at Saint Iago and takes it 1181. His comming to Dominica and Saint Christopher 1181. Takes Saint Domingo 1182. And Cartagena ib. Fireth two Spanish fortresses ibid. His returne benefit losse of men ibid. His voyage at Calz his Fleet and Prizes ibid. Takes a Carrack 1183. His going for the Azores ibid. His last voyage His fellow Commissioner his taking Rio de la Hacha Rancheria Tapia S. Martha and Nombre de Dios his death successor and Fleets arivall at Plimouth 1183. His disagreeing with Sir Iohn Hawkins 1184. His comparison with him 1185. 1186. His buriall 1245. His clemency to
Port Royall where his Boate was split presently in peeces and he made shift to climbe so steepe a Rocke by night as would haue troubled the strongest man in 〈…〉 le to haue done by day He discerned in the morning where he was and without other refreshing then water which he tooke temperately or might else haue drunk his last he got in halfe a day to a friends house He was liuing Anno 1622. Some treasure in Dollers to the value of twentie pounds was found the remainder of some Wrack The Company sent M. Daniel Tucker to be Gouernour hee set saile in the George accompanied with the Edwin some preparation was made to resist but he at last was receiued and acknowledged in May 1616. Somewhat hee had to doe to bring them to their workes which yet he effected their day worke till nine in the morning and then staying till three in the afternoone they began againe continuing till sun-set Besides meat drinke and clothes they had for a time a certaine kind of brasse Money with a Hog on the one side in memory of the Hogs there found at first landing Hee by Master Richard Norwoods helpe laid out the eight Tribes in the Mayne which were to consist of fiftie shares to a Tribe each share twentie fiue Acres He began to plant some of the Colony on speciall shares and appointed Bailiffes to each Tribe Hee held a generall Assise in his second moneth at Saint Georges where for sedition Iohn Wood a Frenchman was hanged He sent the Edwin to Trade with the Natiues of the West Indies for Cattel Corne Plants which had it been continued might happily haue bin more beneficiall to the Plantation then the Magazines from hence She returned with Figs Pines Sugar-canes Plantans Papawes and diuers other plants which were presently replanted and since haue increased by the Gouernours commendable husbandry Seuerity by the conceit thereof produced an admirable fact Fiue men which could by no meanes get passage for England resolued to aduenture an escape viz. Richard Sander Mariner chiefe plotter William Goodwin a Ship Carpenter Tho. Harison a Ioyner Iames Baker Gentleman and Henry Puet These insinuated to the Gouernour that they would build him a Boat of two or three Tuns with a close Deck fit to fish in all weathers Hee glad to see them so obsequious furnished them with necessaries whatsoeuer they could desire Shee was fitted and gone the euening before hee sent for her to see as was reported how shee could saile This was most true and Botelias his aduenture from Goa in the East Indies to Lisbon was not so admirable a triall Barker had borrowed a Compasse Diall of M. Hughes leauing a Letter to him to haue patience for that losse whereby their aduenture was intimated The Gouernours threats were not in that remotenesse so terrible as the two present swelling Elements whom yet they found more gentle then a French Pickaroone who in stead of succour which they desired tooke from them what they liked leaning them not so much as a Crosse-staffe to obserue with and so cast them off They continued their course till their victuall began to faile and the knees of their Boat were halfe hewed away for fire wood They at last arriued in Ireland where the Earle of Tomund entertained them and caused the Boat to be hanged vp for a Monument hauing sayled 3300. miles thorow the Ocean by a right line without sight of any Land This fortunate Sanders in the rifling of a Ship taken in the East Indies bought a Chest for three or foure shillings but would for want of a Key haue sold it againe for lesse But one day hauing little to doe hee broke it open and found therein 1000. pounds sterling or so much gold as bought him in England a good estate which leauing with his wife he returned againe to the East Indies The Company sent Captaine Powell in the Hopewell after he had landed his passengers in Summer Iles to trade in the Indies who by the way fell foule on a Brasillman and afterwards a Frenchman on him but hee got safe to the Ilands and told what he had done The Gouernour kept his second Assize and made a proclamation against the killing of coheires Powell is againe sent to the West Indies from thence with thirteene or fourteene men Hee made triall but in vaine for the Whale-fishing for which and to which purpose the Company soone after sent the Neptune In the beginning of his second yeere he called the third azise in which one was hanged two others condemned but reprieued The Rat Tragedy was now terrible some Fishes haue been taken with Rats in their bellies catched as they swam from I le to I le One Henry Long with sixe others being on fishing a sudden storm arose with terrible thunder and the Boat was tossed ouer the Rocks the fiâ—h tossed ouer-boord and Long with two others escaped the rest drowned one of the three being demanded what he thought in the present perill answered hee said nothing but Gallowes claime thy right which within halfe a yeere fell out accordingly Powell returned with three Frigats laden with Meale Hides and Munition The Master and Gouernour contending both were dispossessed by a stronger power Waters with twelue men were sent to Virginia and would no more returne to Summers Iles. A. 1618. arriued there the Diana with men and prouision and the first Magazine a course I heare not much applauded by the Planters here or in Virginia the companies honest care seeming by some others dishonestie frustrate This Ship fraught with 30000. weight of Tobacco gaue by the good sayle thereof encouragement to the Aduenturers The Gouernour building a house of Cedar in the best Land appropriated it to himselfe to the griefe of others there of whom Master Hughes could not by threats nor imprisonment be so pacified but that here to the Company hee approued his cause Two men and a Gentlewomen thinking to make their escape in a Boat to Virginia were neuer heard of after Sixe others attempted the like but were apprehended araigned condemned and one of them hanged The Gouernours hard dealings so much complained of caused him in the Blessing to returne to excuse himselfe and to get that house assured him leauing Captaine Kendall to supply his place The Gilli-flower and the Treasurer were sent By the Sea-flower which went to Virginia a Preacher was sent to the Ilands and newes of a new Gouernour Captaine Kerby came in with a small Barke from the West Indies A Dutch Frigot was cost away on the Westerne shoare the people saued by the English Captaine Butler the new Gouernour arriued in the Warwicke the twentieth of October 1619. The Redoubt a platforme of the Kings Castle at the same time whiles the New Gouernour and old Planters were feasting aboord accidentally was consumed with fire The next month came in the Garland which had come
from England sixe or seuen weekes before him and spent seuenteen weekes on the voyage which proued so tedious that many both Saylers and Passengers died In the end of Nouember arose such a storme that many great Trees were blown vp by the roots the Warwicke cast away the Garland forced to cut her Masts ouerboord Not long after happened another as fierce in which the Mount built by M. Moore for a Watch-tower was blowne vp by the roots and their winter crop of Corne blasted He began the new yeere with refortifying the Kings Castle and finding the Treasurer rotten tooke nine Peeces of Ordnance out of her Hee sent the Garland for England Hee finished the Church begun by Captain Kendall with great toile got three Peeces out of the wracked Warwick imployed a Dutch Carpenter of the former Dutch wrack to build Boates. A luckie fellow in February found a piece of Ambergreece of eight Ounces as hee had done twice afore and according to order of Court to preuent concealements had therfore thirtie pound an Ounce Two Dutch Frigots arriued conducted by Captaine Powell and much refreshed the Colony with Oyle and Bacon at cheape rates The Gouernour made a new platforme in place of the burned Redoubt and mounted seuen great Peeces on Cariages of Cedar The Ministers not being conformable to the Church of England nor vniforme with themselues in administration of the Sacrament and Matrimony Hee translated the Liturgie Booke of Garnsie and Iarsie void of the pretended scruples which was generally embraced and in his time practised and the Sabbaths obseruation proclaimed They rebuilded the Mount and diuers Boats was indangered with a Hericano one lost Finding a little Crosse erected where Sir George Summers his heart and entrailes were buried he caused a Marble stone brought out of England to bee handsomely wrought and an Epitaph engrauen in memory of that worthy Souldier and laid thereon inuironed with a square wall of hewed stone On the second of Iune began their Assizes in which their Lawes and Gouernment were reduced to the English forme The first of August was a generall Assembly in manner of a Parliament at Saint Georges diuers Articles concluded and being sent hither by the Company confirmed which for breuitie I omit The Magazine Ship soone after came in weake case thither hauing cast ouerboord twentie or thirtie of her people and had they staied at Sea a weeke longer were likely to haue all perished That aire soon mends or ends men in that case and those which died not soone after the landing recouered not without infection of others there 70000. weight of Tobacco was prefixed for her freight Commandement came now to entertaine no Ships but such as were sent from the Company to the Colonies great griefe which now were forced to a Magizane-Monopoly and debarred of occasionall reliefe Cap. Powell soone after came thither imployed by the States desiring admittance for wood and water which was denied with exceeding murmuring and exclaiming of the Colony The Magazine Ship arriued her Master dead and many passengers the rest sicke Then happened also in September a Spanish Wrack which comming from Carthagena with the Spanish Fleet lost their Ship on those Rockes and seuentie persons were saued some of which had beene rifled but their money to the value of one hundred and fortie pound restored them by the Gouernours meanes into whose hands they committed it for disbursment of their charges Some were sent away others forced to stay till their labours had procured meanes for their passage Hee made meanes to get out of the Wrack two Sakers and three Murtherers which were the same which Cap. Kendall had sold to Cap. Kerby who was taken by two men of War of Carthagena most of his men slaine or hanged hee wounded died in the Woods as these Spaniards related Three Bulwarkes were raised at Southampton Fort with two Curtens and two Iauelens Armes were distributed to all such as were able to vse them The Weauells which had at this time much hurt their Corne found a strange remedy For a proclamation being made that all Corne should be gathered by a day because many had lost some for want of gathering stâ—ll haunting the Ships for Aqua-vitae and Beere some bad husbands hastily gathered it and threw it on heapes in their houses vnhusked so letting it lye foure or fiue moneths Now the good husbands husked theirs and hanged it vp with much labour where the Flies did blow it which the others idlenesse as the euent shewed preuented that being thus found to be the best way to saue the corne and labour to let it lye in the huske Diuers places of fresh-water were now also luckily found out Another triall of whale-fishing was vainely attempted by a Ship which came from Uirginia who returned thither fraught with Lime-stone 20000. pound weight of Potatos c. Aprill and May were spent in building a Prison and perfecting some Fortifications and foure Sakers were gotten from the Spanish Wrack and mounted at the Forts One was hanged for buggering a Sow whose Cock in the time of his imprisonment vsed also to tread a Pig as if it had beene a Hen till the Pig languished and died and then the Cock haunted the same Sow About the same time two Chickens were hatched one of which had two heads the other is said to haue crowed loud and Iustily within twelue houres after it was out of the shell Other Peeces were got out of the Spanish Wrack and a Saker also out of that of Sir George Summers By a Barke going to Uirginia Captaine Butler his time expiring conueied himselfe thither leauing the gouernment to C. Felgate C. Stokes c. In the Kings Castle were mounted or sufficient platformes sixteen Peeces of Ordnance In Charles Fort two in Southampton Fort fiue betwixt which the Castle passeth the channel into the Harbor secured by twenty three Peeces of good Ordnance In Coups Ile is Pembrookes Fort with two Peeces Saint Georges channell is guarded by Smiths Fort and Payets Fort in which are eleuen Peeces Saint Georges Towne is commanded by Warwicks Fort with three great Peeces on the Wharfe before the Gouernours house are eight more besides the warning Peece by the Mount and three in Saint Katherines in all tenne Fortresses and fiftie two Peeces of Ordnance sufficient and seruiceable Hee left one thousand fiue hundred persons and neere one hundred Boates the I le replenished with prouisions fruites poultry c. Master Iohn Bernard was sent by the Honourable Company to supply his place who arriued within eight dayes of Captaine Butlers departure with two Ships and one hundred and fortie Passengers with Armes and all sorts of Munition and other prouisions During his life which continued but sixe weekes hee gaue good proofe of his sufficiency in reforming things defectiue He and his wife were both buried in one day and one graue and Master Iohn Harrison