merchiarum_fw-la calisiae_fw-la normanniae_fw-la gasconiae_fw-la &_o aquitaniae_fw-la sen_fw-la ejus_fw-la deputato_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la nostra_fw-la admirallitatis_fw-la salutem_fw-la monstravit_fw-la nobis_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la nostra_fw-la coram_fw-la nobis_fw-la richar._n bell_n com._n sussex_n quod_fw-la cum_fw-la idem_fw-la richardus_fw-la nuper_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la admirallitatis_fw-la coram_fw-la vobis_fw-la implîtasset_fw-la johannem_fw-la crane_n de_fw-fr eo_fw-la quod_fw-la idem_fw-la johannes_n ad_fw-la certum_fw-la tempus_fw-la jam_fw-la retroactum_fw-la infra_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la maritimam_fw-la promisisset_fw-la &_o se_fw-la extrinxisset_fw-la ad_fw-la exonerand_n &_o indemnem_fw-la conservand_n ipsum_fw-la richardum_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la obligatione_fw-la &_o juris_fw-la vinculo_fw-la pro_fw-la captione_n seu_fw-la restitutione_n cujusdam_fw-la navis_fw-la vocat_fw-la the_o mary_n fortune_n &_o apparatus_n ejusdem_fw-la ac_fw-la bonorum_fw-la &_o mercimoniorum_fw-la in_o illa_fw-la tempore_fw-la capturae_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la eo_fw-la quod_fw-la idem_fw-la richardus_fw-la tempore_fw-la capturae_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la navis_fw-la una_fw-la cum_fw-la quodam_fw-la johanne_n bell_n &_o aliis_fw-la interfuisset_fw-la erga_fw-la quosdam_fw-la johannem_fw-la desticon_fw-la &_o alios_fw-la hispanos_fw-la asserent_fw-la se_fw-la dominos_fw-la &_o proprietarios_fw-la praemissorum_fw-la fuisse_fw-la idemque_fw-la johannes_n crane_n nobis_fw-la suggerendo_fw-la dixerit_fw-la quod_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la contractus_fw-la factus_fw-la fuit_fw-la apud_fw-la dartmouth_n infra_fw-la corpus_fw-la comitatus_fw-la nostri_fw-la devon_n inter_fw-la part_n praedictas_fw-la &_o non_fw-la infra_fw-la jurisdictonem_fw-la maritimam_fw-la vobisque_fw-la superinde_n ad_fw-la suggestionem_fw-la ipsius_fw-la johannis_n crane_n quoddam_fw-la breve_fw-la nostrum_fw-la de_fw-la prohibition_n in_o causa_fw-la praedicta_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la procederetis_fw-la porrexerimus_fw-la cujus_fw-la praetextu_fw-la vos_fw-la in_o causa_fw-la illa_fw-la huc_fw-la usque_fw-la procedere_fw-la distulistis_fw-la &_o adhuc_fw-la differtis_fw-la in_fw-la ipsius_fw-la richardi_fw-la bell_n grave_n damnum_fw-la &_o legis_fw-la libertatisque_fw-la admiralli_n nostri_fw-la laesionem_fw-la manifest_a et_fw-la quia_fw-la cognitionem_fw-la jurisdictionemque_fw-la admirallitatis_fw-la in_o causis_fw-la maritimis_fw-la per_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la callidas_fw-la assertiones_fw-la impediri_fw-la nolumus_fw-la vobis_fw-la jam_fw-la significamus_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o causa_fw-la praedicta_fw-la jam_fw-la coram_fw-la vobis_fw-la inter_fw-la part_n illas_fw-la pendenti_fw-la dummodo_fw-la de_fw-la causa_fw-la maritima_fw-la &_o infra_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la admiralli_n nostri_fw-la juxta_fw-la jura_fw-la legis_fw-la nostrae_fw-la angliae_fw-la terminan_n agate_n licite_fw-la procedatis_fw-la ac_fw-la procedere_fw-la poteritis_fw-la in_o causa_fw-la illa_fw-la quantum_fw-la ad_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la admirallitatis_fw-la nostrae_fw-la pertinet_fw-la brevi_fw-la nostro_fw-la de_fw-la prohibition_n vobis_fw-la prius_fw-la inde_fw-la in_o contrarium_fw-la directo_fw-la in_o aliquo_fw-la non_fw-la obstant_fw-la t._n r._n lyster_n apud_fw-la westm_n 8._o decimo_fw-la quarto_fw-la die_v julii_n anno_fw-la nostri_fw-la regni_fw-la tricesimo_fw-la octavo_fw-la per_fw-la dominum_fw-la capitalem_fw-la justice_n rooper_n in_o the_o time_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n christopher_n turner_n sue_v thomas_n simpson_n of_o beverly_n in_o the_o county_n of_o york_n before_o matthew_n bodsworth_n bachelor_n of_o law_n &_o commissary_n of_o the_o court_n of_o the_o admiralty_n in_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o england_n and_o judge_n of_o the_o vice-admiralty_a of_o york_n upon_o a_o contract_n before_o that_o time_n make_v between_o they_o the_o say_v christopher_n and_o thomas_n and_o thereupon_o lay_v and_o article_v in_o the_o say_a court_n that_o in_o the_o month_n of_o april_n and_o may_n 1586._o they_o the_o say_v christopher_n and_o thomas_n have_v speech_n or_o talk_n between_o they_o concern_v certain_a quarter_n of_o wheat_n and_o rye_n to_o the_o number_n of_o 69_o or_o thereabouts_o namely_o forty_o and_o one_o quarter_n of_o wheat_n and_o twenty_o and_o eight_o quarter_n of_o rye_n whereof_o part_n be_v to_o be_v take_v into_o a_o certain_a ship_n call_v the_o george_n of_o beverley_n at_o a_o certain_a place_n call_v emotland_n upon_o the_o river_n of_o hull_n alias_o hull_v water_n and_o the_o other_o part_n thereof_o to_o be_v take_v into_o the_o say_a ship_n at_o a_o certain_a place_n call_v the_o good_a alehouse_n adjoin_v to_o the_o say_a river_n to_o be_v from_o thence_o carry_v and_o convey_v in_o the_o say_a ship_n by_o water_n unto_o the_o city_n of_o york_n and_o there_o to_o be_v deliver_v on_o shipboard_n at_o a_o certain_a place_n call_v the_o queen_n be_v stathe_n at_o the_o say_a city_n and_o further_o have_v talk_v of_o the_o freight_n or_o price_n to_o be_v pay_v for_o the_o carriage_n of_o the_o say_a quarter_n of_o grain_n and_o that_o they_o the_o say_v christopher_n and_o thomas_n bargain_v and_o agree_v concern_v the_o say_a carriage_n and_o transportation_n of_o the_o say_a grain_n in_o the_o say_a ship_n the_o george_n in_o form_n follow_v viz._n that_o the_o say_v thomas_n sympson_n shall_v take_v and_o receive_v into_o the_o say_a ship_n the_o say_v forty_o one_o quarter_n of_o wheat_n and_o twenty_o one_o quarter_n of_o rye_n at_o the_o say_a place_n call_v emots-land_n and_o the_o say_v other_o place_n call_v the_o good_a alehouse_n and_o shall_v from_o thence_o transport_v and_o carry_v the_o same_o with_o all_o convenient_a speed_n to_o the_o queen_n stath_n aforesaid_a be_v beneath_o the_o first_o bridge_n of_o the_o river_n of_o hour_n towards_o the_o sea_n and_o there_o deliver_v the_o same_o on_o shipboard_n and_o that_o in_o consideration_n thereof_o the_o say_v christopher_n turner_n do_v agree_v to_o and_o with_o the_o say_v thomas_n sympson_n for_o the_o transportation_n of_o every_o quarter_n of_o the_o say_a grain_n to_o pay_v the_o sum_n of_o ten_o penny_n of_o lawful_a money_n of_o england_n and_o further_o that_o the_o say_v christopher_n turner_n in_o consideration_n that_o the_o say_a grain_n may_v be_v more_o safe_o and_o secure_o transport_v and_o carry_v than_o other_o his_o grain_n before_o that_o time_n have_v be_v and_o that_o the_o same_o may_v not_o be_v heat_v wet_v or_o otherwise_o impair_v as_o before_o that_o time_n other_o his_o the_o say_v christopher_n grain_n have_v be_v in_o other_o lesser_a vessel_n of_o he_o the_o say_a thomas_n sympson_n promise_v and_o agree_v to_o and_o with_o the_o say_v christopher_n that_o if_o the_o say_v christopher_n shall_v not_o deliver_v into_o the_o say_a ship_n call_v the_o george_n sixty_o quarter_n of_o grain_n nevertheless_o in_o regard_n that_o ship_n be_v of_o a_o great_a burden_n than_o other_o ship_n of_o the_o say_v thomas_n sympson_n be_v he_o the_o say_v christopher_n will_v pay_v to_o the_o say_v thomas_n sympson_n or_o his_o assign_n the_o whole_a freight_n for_o sixty_o quarter_n of_o grain_n according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o ten_o penny_n for_o every_o quarter_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a grain_n and_o if_o there_o shall_v be_v more_o than_o sixty_o quarter_n of_o the_o say_a grain_n that_o then_o the_o say_v christopher_n turner_n shall_v pay_v for_o every_o quarter_n above_o the_o number_n of_o sixty_o quarter_n according_a to_o the_o say_a rate_n of_o ten_o penny_n for_o every_o quarter_n thereof_o and_o that_o the_o say_v thomas_n in_o consideration_n thereof_o promise_v and_o convenant_v to_o and_o with_o the_o say_v christopher_n turner_n that_o no_o grain_n or_o good_n of_o other_o man_n shall_v be_v receive_v into_o the_o say_a ship_n in_o the_o say_a voyage_n and_o that_o the_o say_a ship_n shall_v be_v sufficient_o man_v and_o victual_v so_o that_o by_o reason_n thereof_o the_o say_v christopher_z turner_n grain_n may_v be_v safe_o transport_v and_o carry_v without_o any_o heat_n wet_n or_o other_o impair_n etc._n etc._n which_o cause_n be_v afterward_o remove_v from_o the_o say_a court_n of_o the_o admiralty_n in_o the_o northern_a part_n by_o way_n of_o appeal_n make_v by_o the_o say_v thomas_n sympson_n on_o his_o part_n unto_o the_o supreme_a court_n of_o the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n and_o there_o in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o 31_o year_n of_o the_o say_v queen_n reign_n depend_v undecided_a and_o the_o say_v thomas_n sympson_n in_o hillary_n term_n follow_v suggest_v in_o the_o king_n bench_n that_o the_o say_v christopher_n have_v libel_v in_o the_o high_a court_n of_o the_o admiralty_n eliz._n that_o the_o say_a contract_n be_v make_v at_o beverley_n within_o the_o body_n of_o the_o county_n of_o york_n and_o that_o the_o say_a contract_n be_v that_o one_o part_n of_o the_o say_a grain_n be_v to_o be_v receive_v into_o the_o say_a ship_n at_o a_o certain_a place_n call_v emotland_n upon_o the_o river_n of_o hull-water_n whereas_o indeed_o the_o say_a christopher_n have_v libel_v in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n before_o the_o say_v matthew_n dodsworth_n in_o the_o northern_a part_n that_o that_o contract_n be_v that_o the_o say_a grain_n shall_v be_v receive_v into_o the_o say_a ship_n at_o the_o say_a place_n call_v emotland_n and_o good_a alehouse_n upon_o the_o river_n of_o hull-water_n and_o not_o upon_o the_o river_n of_o hull-water_n and_o whereas_o
whitehall_n aug._n 13._o 1664._o let_v this_o book_n be_v print_v henry_n bennet_n the_o maritime_a dicaeologie_n or_o sea-jurisdiction_n of_o england_n set_a forth_o in_o three_o several_a book_n the_o first_o set_v forth_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o admiralty_n in_o england_n the_o second_o set_v forth_o the_o port_n havens_n and_o creek_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o be_v within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n the_o three_o show_v that_o all_o contract_n concern_v all_o maritime_a affair_n be_v within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n and_o there_o cogniscible_a by_o john_n exton_z doctor_n of_o law_n and_o judge_n of_o his_o majesty_n high_a court_n of_o admiralty_n london_n print_v by_o richard_n hodgkinson_n printer_n to_o the_o king_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n 1664._o to_o his_o royal_a highness_n james_n duke_n of_o york_n and_o albany_n earl_n of_o ulster_n lord_n high_a admiral_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n etc._n etc._n constable_n of_o dover_n castle_n lord_n warden_n of_o the_o cinque-port_n &_o governor_n of_o portsmouth_n etc._n etc._n your_o royal_a highness_n have_v be_v gracious_o please_v to_o constitute_v i_o judge_n or_o precedent_n of_o the_o high_a court_n of_o admiralty_n i_o hold_v it_o my_o duty_n according_a to_o my_o poor_a ability_n to_o assert_v the_o just_a jurisdiction_n thereof_o against_o those_o undue_a encroachment_n and_o usurpation_n whereby_o the_o power_n of_o the_o lord_n high_a admiral_n have_v be_v heretofore_o and_o be_v at_o this_o present_a straighten_v in_o decision_n of_o matter_n relate_v to_o maritime_a affair_n wherefore_o have_v some_o time_n since_o in_o those_o sad_a and_o distract_a time_n bestow_v some_o labour_n in_o search_v and_o peruse_v such_o of_o the_o record_n of_o our_o own_o as_o well_o as_o foreign_a nation_n as_o i_o can_v meet_v with_o wherein_o the_o just_a extent_n of_o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n be_v sufficient_o and_o undeniable_o evidence_v together_o with_o the_o necessity_n of_o decide_v all_o controversy_n about_o maritime_a affair_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a sea_n custom_n and_o the_o reason_n and_o direction_n of_o the_o civil_a and_o maritime_a law_n i_o hold_v it_o no_o less_o my_o duty_n to_o recollect_v the_o say_v paper_n and_o reduce_v they_o into_o some_o method_n for_o the_o clear_n those_o objection_n which_o hitherto_o have_v be_v and_o still_o be_v make_v use_n of_o either_o against_o the_o antiquity_n or_o extent_n of_o the_o lord_n high_a admiral_n his_o jurisdiction_n in_o maritime_a cause_n or_o against_o the_o decision_n of_o they_o by_o the_o ancient_a sea_n custom_n and_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o as_o i_o have_v observe_v this_o nation_n have_v happy_o flourish_v a_o long_a time_n under_o that_o happy_a government_n of_o all_o land_n affair_n by_o its_o municipal_a law_n practise_v in_o the_o common_a law_n court_v so_o have_v it_o no_o less_o prosper_v and_o be_v enrich_v in_o its_o navy_n trade_n and_o commerce_n under_o that_o exact_a government_n which_o have_v order_v and_o guide_v all_o maritime_a business_n and_o sea_n affair_n by_o the_o civil_a and_o maritime_a law_n and_o custom_n correspond_v agree_v and_o according_a with_o the_o law_n of_o foreign_a nation_n be_v suitable_a to_o the_o nature_n and_o negotiation_n of_o the_o people_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o they_o exercise_v and_o practise_v in_o the_o high_a court_n of_o admiralty_n the_o design_n therefore_o that_o i_o propound_v to_o myself_o in_o the_o publish_n this_o treatise_n be_v to_o show_v how_o necessary_a and_o fit_v it_o be_v that_o the_o power_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o this_o court_n shall_v be_v no_o long_o subject_n to_o such_o interruption_n and_o how_o expedient_a it_o now_o be_v that_o the_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v observe_v and_o keep_v and_o the_o law_n and_o ancient_a custom_n thereof_o whereby_o all_o commerce_n and_o navigation_n be_v uphold_v shall_v be_v precise_o and_o strict_o preserve_v and_o maintain_v that_o all_o which_o may_v appear_v i_o have_v set_v forth_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o lord_n admiral_n jurisdiction_n here_o in_o england_n by_o ancient_a record_n of_o the_o tower_n next_o the_o jurisdiction_n itself_o and_o the_o extent_n thereof_o as_o also_o the_o necessity_n and_o necessary_a use_n of_o it_o in_o divers_a respect_n in_o all_o which_o i_o have_v endeavonr_v neither_o to_o eclipse_v the_o honour_n power_n or_o least_o right_a of_o the_o muncipall_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n nor_o in_o any_o sort_n to_o detract_v from_o the_o renown_n of_o the_o reverend_n and_o learned_a professor_n thereof_o but_o hope_v i_o have_v manifest_v that_o the_o uphold_v of_o both_o jurisdiction_n and_o restrain_v each_o of_o they_o to_o its_o proper_a limit_n and_o confine_n will_v be_v more_o advantageous_a to_o this_o kingdom_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o than_o the_o suffer_a eitber_n of_o they_o to_o swallow_v up_o or_o devour_v the_o other_o be_v please_v therefore_o to_o receive_v this_o unpolished_a work_n from_o the_o hand_n of_o your_o servant_n as_o the_o same_o be_v dedicate_v unto_o the_o protection_n of_o your_o royal_a self_n the_o content_n the_o chapter_n contain_v in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o the_o maritime_a dicaeologie_n or_o sea_n jurisdiction_n chap._n 1._o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o admiralty_n in_o england_n set_v forth_o so_o far_o as_o to_o prove_v the_o same_o to_o have_v be_v settle_v and_o continue_v in_o and_o before_o edward_n the_o three_o time_n to_o who_o time_n the_o statute_n of_o the_o 13_o of_o ric._n 2._o refer_v argue_v from_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o high-officer_n that_o exercise_v that_o jurisdiction_n in_o those_o time_n and_o from_o their_o grant_n and_o patent_n page_n 1._o chap._n 2._o that_o these_o high-officer_n or_o admiral_n or_o keeper_n of_o the_o sea_n seacoast_n and_o port_n have_v like_o power_n and_o authority_n in_o they_o and_o over_o they_o as_o the_o keeper_n and_o governor_n of_o land-province_n have_v over_o they_o and_o have_v their_o maritime_a law_n for_o guidance_n of_o their_o jurisdiction_n both_o civil_a and_o criminal_a as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o have_v their_o land_n law_n for_o the_o guidance_n of_o they_o page_n 10._o chapt._n 3_o the_o beginning_n of_o sea_n law_n and_o the_o further_a antiquity_n of_o admiral_n and_o their_o jurisdiction_n from_o thence_o argue_v p._n 13._o chap._n 4._o of_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n and_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o admiralty_n argue_v and_o infer_v from_o the_o introduction_n of_o they_o into_o england_n p._n 16._o chap._n 5._o the_o ancient_a introduction_n of_o the_o sea_n law_n argue_v and_o infer_v from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n dominion_n over_o the_o british_a sea_n p._n 21._o chap._n 6._o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o admiralty_n argue_v and_o infer_v from_o the_o defect_n and_o want_n of_o ability_n in_o other_o â—_z in_o decide_n of_o maritime_a cause_n in_o those_o ancient_a time_n p._n 25._o chap._n 7._o of_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o sea_n law_n by_o the_o grecian_n athenian_n roman_n italian_n venetian_n spaniard_n and_o by_o the_o admiral_n of_o naples_n and_o castille_n p._n 29._o chap._n 8._o of_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n and_o denmark_n p._n 30._o chap._n 9_o of_o the_o admiral_n of_o scotland_n p._n 32._o chap._n 10._o from_o the_o common_a acceptance_n of_o the_o sea_n law_n in_o other_o nation_n be_v infer_v the_o acceptance_n of_o they_o in_o england_n p._n 34._o the_o chapter_n contain_v in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o the_o maritime_a dicaeologie_n or_o sea_n jurisdiction_n chap._n 1._o that_o the_o sea-jurisdiction_n and_o the_o land_n jurisdiction_n be_v and_o so_o necessary_o must_v be_v two_o different_z and_o distinct_a jurisdiction_n have_v no_o dependency_n each_o upon_o the_o other_o chap._n 2._o that_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n do_v extend_v to_o all_o manner_n of_o ship_n ship_n seafaring_a and_o sea-tradingmen_a p._n 41._o chap._n 3._o that_o the_o port_n and_o havens_n and_o creek_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n p._n 52._o chap._n 4._o the_o argument_n deduce_v out_o of_o the_o statute_n law_n to_o prove_v the_o port_n havens_n and_o creek_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o be_v within_o the_o body_n of_o county_n and_o not_o within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n redargue_v p._n 57_o chap._n 5._o the_o argument_n deduce_v from_o the_o first_o judgement_n at_o the_o common_a law_n that_o the_o port_n and_o havens_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v within_o body_n of_o county_n redargue_v p._n 62._o chap._n 6._o that_o from_o the_o two_o other_o action_n instance_a in_o to_o be_v bring_v against_o the_o party_n sue_v in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n for_o a_o business_n do_v upon_o the_o port_n no_o concludent_fw-la argument_n be_v deduce_v p._n 72._o chap._n 7._o the_o argument_n deduce_v from_o two_o
absquo_fw-la compoto_fw-la lege_fw-la absque_fw-la computo_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la alique_fw-la lege_fw-la alique_fw-la p._n 104._o l._n 21._o pro_n reside_v lege_fw-la reside_v p._n 114._o l._n 25._o pone_fw-la verbum_fw-la not_o p._n 126._o l._n 37._o pro_fw-la hoc_fw-la lege_fw-la hoc_fw-la p._n 159._o l._n 18._o pro_fw-la thamase_n lege_fw-la thamasis_n p._n ead_n l._n 36._o pro_fw-la court_n lege_fw-la court_n p._n 168._o l._n 12._o pro_fw-la implitaverit_fw-la lege_fw-la implacitaverit_fw-la p._n 194._o l._n 34._o pro_fw-la marinarum_fw-la lege_fw-la marinariorum_fw-la p._n 231._o l._n 30._o pro_fw-la fething_n lege_fw-la fetch_v p._n 232._o l._n 22._o pro_fw-la contractus_fw-la lege_fw-la contractis_fw-la p._n 238._o l._n 6._o pro_fw-la bodsworth_n lege_fw-la dodsworth_n p._n 240._o l._n 38._o pro_fw-la implitasset_fw-la lege_fw-la implacitasset_fw-la p._n 241._o l._n 4._o pro_fw-la accipiendum_fw-la lege_fw-la accipienda_fw-la p._n 250._o l._n 9_o pro_fw-la secla_fw-la lege_fw-la secta_fw-la p._n ead_n l._n 11._o pro_fw-la coram_fw-la vobis_fw-la lege_fw-la coram_fw-la nobis_fw-la p._n ead_a l._n 17._o pro_fw-la panuclaneo_fw-la lege_fw-la pannulaneo_fw-la p._n 259_o l._n 19_o pro_fw-la elegantur_fw-la lege_fw-la eleganter_fw-la p._n ead_n l._n ead_n pro_fw-la conditionibus_fw-la lege_fw-la condictionibus_fw-la p._n ead_n l._n 32._o pro_fw-la sect_n pone_fw-la §_o the_o introduction_n although_o the_o soil_n of_o this_o kingdom_n of_o england_n wherein_o we_o be_v so_o happy_o and_o in_o so_o plentiful_a a_o manner_n plant_v and_o settle_v be_v so_o bless_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o fruit_n that_o it_o have_v be_v account_v and_o esteem_v as_o the_o very_a seat_n of_o the_o goddess_n of_o fruit_n quod_fw-la solum_fw-la ejus_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la frugum_fw-la genere_fw-la ita_fw-la beatum_fw-la ut_fw-la cereris_fw-la sedem_fw-la fuisse_fw-la dixerit_fw-la orpheus_n and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o barn_n and_o storehouse_n of_o victual_n and_o provision_n for_o the_o western_a empire_n occidentalis_fw-la imperii_fw-la quasi_fw-la horreum_fw-la &_o cella_fw-la penuaria_fw-la fuerit_fw-la and_o do_v abound_v with_o a_o innumerable_a multitude_n of_o tame_a and_o profitable_a cattle_n flow_v with_o milk_n and_o full_o freight_v and_o lade_v with_o wool_n that_o it_o seem_v not_o to_o need_v the_o help_n of_o any_o other_o country_n or_o colony_n nor_o any_o of_o their_o commodity_n yet_o let_v we_o withal_o consider_v how_o requisite_a and_o necessary_a the_o mutual_a correspondency_n commerce_n and_o trade_n have_v be_v and_o be_v for_o the_o exchange_n of_o such_o good_n and_o commodity_n as_o this_o abound_v withal_o in_o so_o plentiful_a a_o manner_n and_o may_v well_o spare_v and_o other_o want_v for_o those_o which_o those_o other_o abound_v withal_o in_o as_o plentiful_a a_o manner_n and_o may_v spare_v and_o this_o want_v and_o what_o plenty_n store_n and_o increase_n have_v arisen_a and_o do_v arise_v and_o arise_v and_o accrue_v to_o all_o and_o how_o much_o they_o have_v be_v and_o be_v enrich_v thereby_o and_o it_o be_v not_o unknown_a what_o succour_n and_o relief_n this_o nation_n though_o so_o plentiful_a have_v oftentimes_o have_v and_o receive_v from_o foreign_a nation_n by_o the_o import_v even_o of_o such_o commodity_n as_o this_o nation_n have_v at_o other_o time_n abound_v withal_o and_o do_v general_o in_o a_o most_o plentiful_a manner_n abound_v and_o the_o like_a succour_n no_o doubt_n other_o nation_n have_v receive_v from_o hence_o and_o one_o from_o another_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o pliny_n say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d mercium_fw-la commutatio_fw-la victus_fw-la causa_fw-la inuenta_fw-la fuit_fw-la this_o commerce_n and_o trade_n of_o exchange_a commodity_n for_o commodity_n be_v invent_v for_o man_n livelihood_n diversas_fw-la igitur_fw-la gentes_fw-la commercio_fw-la ita_fw-la miscuit_fw-la ut_fw-la quod_fw-la genitum_fw-la esset_fw-la usquam_fw-la id_fw-la apud_fw-la omnes_fw-la gentes_fw-la natum_fw-la esse_fw-la videretur_fw-la commerce_v therefore_o have_v so_o mingle_v divers_a nation_n one_o with_o another_o that_o whatsoever_o be_v beget_v anywhere_o shall_v seem_v to_o be_v bring_v forth_o everywhere_o and_o it_o be_v most_o of_o all_o to_o be_v consider_v if_o this_o correspondency_n commerce_n and_o trade_n shall_v not_o be_v uphold_v maintain_v and_o continue_v how_o the_o ship_n navage_a and_o navigation_n of_o this_o kingdom_n the_o wooden_a wall_n thereof_o shall_v be_v sustain_v since_o the_o benefit_n and_o profit_v raise_v and_o gain_v by_o such_o commerce_n and_o trade_n be_v the_o only_a incitement_n and_o encouragement_n to_o merchant_n and_o owner_n of_o ship_n to_o build_v they_o and_o unto_o all_o master_n of_o ship_n pilot_n and_o other_o mariner_n to_o sail_n serve_v and_o be_v employ_v in_o they_o and_o to_o other_o to_o addict_v themselves_o to_o that_o course_n of_o life_n to_o be_v train_v and_o bring_v up_o therein_o for_o the_o obtain_n of_o skill_n knowledge_n and_o perfection_n in_o navigation_n and_o we_o may_v well_o be_v assure_v that_o if_o this_o benefit_n shall_v cease_v few_o or_o no_o ship_n at_o all_o will_v be_v build_v by_o private_a man_n in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o but_o few_o by_o the_o public_a for_o the_o service_n of_o war_n in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n and_o those_o build_v in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n will_v lie_v by_o the_o wall_n and_o rot_v their_o tackle_n and_o furniture_n be_v decay_v and_o waste_v their_o captain_n commander_n and_o mariner_n unaccustomed_a to_o the_o sea_n and_o navigation_n or_o else_o unskilful_a and_o unexperienced_a in_o sea_n affair_n by_o which_o mean_v this_o nation_n will_v lie_v open_a to_o the_o violence_n of_o other_o nation_n who_o envy_v its_o prosperity_n if_o then_o the_o loss_n or_o discontinuance_n of_o the_o trade_n traffic_n and_o commerce_n of_o this_o kingdom_n with_o other_o kingdom_n nation_n and_o commonwealth_n may_v prove_v so_o dangerous_a how_o necessary_a will_v it_o be_v to_o keep_v and_o preserve_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n civil_a and_o maritime_a the_o very_a law_n of_o traffic_n commerce_n and_o trade_n whereby_o the_o same_o withal_o requisite_n thereunto_o appertain_a be_v uphold_v and_o maintain_v complete_a and_o perfect_a which_o be_v a_o point_n i_o must_v leave_v to_o be_v consider_v by_o my_o love_a friend_n the_o merchant_n of_o england_n owner_n of_o ship_n and_o vessel_n and_o seatrading_a man_n that_o will_v spare_v but_o so_o much_o time_n as_o to_o read_v over_o this_o small_a treatise_n the_o maritime_a dicaeologie_n or_o sea-jurisdiction_n chap._n i._n the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o admiralty_n in_o england_n set_v forth_o so_o far_o as_o to_o prove_v the_o same_o to_o have_v be_v settle_v and_o continue_v in_o and_o before_o edward_n the_o three_o time_n to_o who_o time_n the_o statute_n the_o 13_o of_o ric._n 2._o refer_v argue_v from_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o high-officer_n that_o exercise_v that_o jurisdiction_n in_o those_o time_n and_o from_o their_o grant_n and_o patent_n for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o admiralty_n some_o have_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o have_v its_o rise_n and_o receive_v its_o first_o beginning_n but_o in_o edward_n the_o three_o time_n but_o from_o whence_o this_o opinion_n shall_v arise_v or_o what_o shall_v beget_v the_o same_o i_o know_v not_o unless_o its_o exceed_v flourish_a at_o that_o time_n set_v a_o great_a mark_n upon_o it_o than_o all_o its_o proceed_n and_o employment_n for_o a_o long_a time_n before_o have_v do_v some_o have_v derive_v its_o original_n from_o edward_n the_o three_o upon_o this_o ground_n that_o he_o in_o the_o 49th_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n cause_v a_o inquisition_n to_o be_v take_v at_o quinborough_n by_o person_n which_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v call_v from_o several_a maritime_a part_n of_o this_o land_n thither_o to_o consider_v of_o and_o agree_v upon_o such_o article_n as_o shall_v be_v necessary_a and_o fit_a for_o the_o enquiry_n and_o make_v presentment_n of_o all_o such_o crime_n and_o offence_n as_o shall_v be_v commit_v upon_o the_o sea_n or_o upon_o any_o port_n harbour_n haven_n or_o creek_n of_o the_o sea_n conceive_v that_o thereupon_o the_o admiralty_n court_n be_v then_o set_v up_o and_o not_o before_o to_o take_v away_o this_o last_o conceit_n in_o the_o first_o place_n and_o remove_v this_o opinion_n i_o shall_v from_o that_o 49th_o year_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o look_v backward_o unto_o what_o be_v do_v in_o all_o his_o time_n and_o then_o by_o degree_n derive_v its_o original_n far_o further_o upward_o by_o so_o many_o admiral_n patent_n and_o record_n of_o the_o tower_n which_o i_o have_v see_v and_o peruse_v as_o shall_v only_o serve_v to_o set_v forth_o and_o prove_v the_o continue_a settlement_n of_o that_o jurisdiction_n all_o his_o time_n and_o from_o many_o year_n before_o without_o endeavour_v a_o perfect_a catalogue_n of_o all_o such_o admiral_n upward_o as_o i_o find_v among_o those_o record_n mention_v and_o set_v forth_o it_o make_v little_a to_o my_o intent_n or_o purpose_n
will_v hereafter_o be_v dispute_v in_o which_o dispute_n the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o admiralty_n will_v be_v further_o discover_v chap._n ii_o that_o these_o high_a officer_n and_o admiral_n or_o keeper_n of_o the_o sea_n seacoast_n and_o port_n have_v like_o power_n and_o authority_n in_o they_o and_o over_o they_o as_o the_o keeper_n and_o governor_n of_o land-province_n have_v over_o they_o and_o have_v their_o maritime_a law_n for_o guidance_n of_o their_o jurisdiction_n both_o civil_a and_o criminal_a as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o have_v their_o land_n law_n for_o the_o guidance_n of_o they_o the_o next_o thing_n i_o observe_v be_v that_o the_o precede_a officer_n which_o this_o prout_fw-la hactenus_fw-la lead_v i_o unto_o be_v most_o of_o they_o render_v unto_o we_o under_o the_o title_n of_o custodes_fw-la as_o custos_fw-la maritimarum_fw-la partium_fw-la 9_o custos_fw-la maris_fw-la &_o maritimarum_fw-la partium_fw-la custos_fw-la portuum_fw-la cum_fw-la costrâ_fw-la maris_fw-la custos_fw-la marinae_fw-la custos_fw-la portuum_fw-la &_o marinae_fw-la most_o of_o which_o officer_n so_o style_v which_o i_o have_v former_o meet_v with_o among_o the_o record_n of_o the_o tower_n i_o meet_v with_o again_o in_o mr._n selden'_v book_n de_fw-fr dominio_fw-la maris_fw-la quote_v out_o of_o the_o same_o record_n who_o from_o thence_o and_o some_o other_o good_a and_o sound_a reason_n there_o express_v infer_v quod_fw-la apertè_fw-la constat_fw-la reges_fw-la angliae_fw-la praefectos_fw-la constituere_fw-la solitos_fw-la qui_fw-la mare_fw-la anglicanam_fw-la custodirent_fw-la seu_fw-la ejus_fw-la custodes_fw-la essent_fw-la sive_fw-la praefecti_fw-la non_fw-la aliter_fw-la ac_fw-la provinciae_fw-la cujuscunque_fw-la terrestris_fw-la they_o be_v to_o be_v keeper_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o such_o wise_a as_o other_o be_v of_o every_o land_n province_n primò_fw-la autem_fw-la say_v he_o mari_fw-fr maritimae_fw-la &_o marinae_fw-la idque_fw-la ubi_fw-la his_fw-la vocibus_fw-la non_fw-la regio_fw-la solùm_fw-la maritima_fw-la sed_fw-la ipse_fw-la etiam_fw-la oceanus_n britannicus_n planè_fw-la continetur_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la semper_fw-la fieri_fw-la fatemur_fw-la praeficiebantur_fw-la qui_fw-la tuerentur_fw-la &_o custodirent_fw-la nomine_fw-la custodum_fw-la ut_fw-la interdum_fw-la navium_fw-la frequentius_fw-la verò_fw-la maritimae_fw-la sensu_fw-la jam_fw-la dicto_fw-la 2._o to_o which_o he_o add_v another_o further_a reason_n and_o say_v that_o primaria_fw-la commitiorum_n parliaementariorum_n ratio_fw-la anno_fw-la regis_fw-la edvardi_fw-la tertii_fw-la decimo_fw-la quarto_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-fr treter_fw-la sur_fw-fr la_fw-fr guard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr pee_z de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr march_v d'_fw-fr escoce_fw-mi &_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mierâ—_n ut_fw-la tractaretur_fw-la de_fw-la custodiâ_fw-la pacis_fw-la terrae_fw-la &_o limitis_fw-la scotici_fw-la &_o maris_fw-la from_o whence_o he_o observe_v quod_fw-la non_fw-la alia_fw-la tutelae_fw-la maris_fw-la quam_fw-la telluris_fw-la seu_fw-la terrestris_fw-la provinciae_fw-la habebatur_fw-la ratio_fw-la and_o he_o gather_v further_o ex_fw-la tabulis_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la regis_fw-la parliamentariis_fw-la seu_fw-la consultationibus_fw-la ordinum_fw-la regni_fw-la as_o he_o say_v hold_v upon_o the_o same_o matter_n 21._o ut_fw-la dum_fw-la de_fw-fr la_fw-fr saufegard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr seu_fw-la custodia_fw-la seu_fw-la tutela_fw-la telluris_fw-la sive_fw-la insulae_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr saufegard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mere_a seu_fw-la de_fw-la custodiâ_fw-la maris_fw-la consilium_fw-la pariter_fw-la ineunt_fw-la tam_fw-la huius_fw-la dominium_fw-la quam_fw-la illius_fw-la ad_fw-la regem_fw-la suum_fw-la pertinere_fw-la à _fw-la majoribus_fw-la edocti_fw-la manifestò_fw-la testari_fw-la videantur_fw-la for_o say_v he_o non_fw-la de_fw-fr class_n solùm_fw-la agaunt_n quâ_fw-la hostibus_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la resisteretur_fw-la sed_fw-la de_fw-la ipso_fw-la mari_fw-fr tuendo_fw-la aequè_fw-la ac_fw-la de_fw-la tutelâ_fw-la insulae_fw-la adeoque_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la in_o utroque_fw-la regis_fw-la avito_fw-la defendendo_fw-la where_o he_o make_v two_o distinct_a dominion_n of_o the_o land_n and_o sea_n and_o the_o ancient_a right_n of_o either_o of_o they_o to_o be_v defend_v and_o keep_v and_o there_o set_v forth_o divers_a who_o have_v the_o defend_n and_o keep_v thereof_o in_o the_o second_o of_o richard_n the_o second_o and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o three_o henry_n succeed_v he_o with_o many_o other_o thing_n there_o worth_a note_n and_o observe_v he_o observe_v further_a in_o the_o same_o chapter_n the_o common_a and_o receive_a acceptance_n of_o this_o term_n custos_fw-la among_o the_o english_a in_o other_o government_n jo._n both_o of_o this_o land_n and_o other_o island_n and_o even_o at_o that_o time_n when_o the_o name_n or_o term_v of_o custos_fw-la maris_fw-la be_v most_o frequent_o use_v and_o he_o instance_v in_o the_o governor_n of_o ireland_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n john_n and_o edward_n the_o three_o who_o be_v then_o several_o style_v custos_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la he_o instance_v likewise_o in_o john_n duke_n of_o bedford_n 5._o and_o humphrey_n duke_n of_o gloucester_n who_o have_v one_o at_o one_o time_n and_o another_o at_o another_o the_o government_n of_o england_n when_o king_n henry_n the_o five_o be_v absent_a in_o france_n who_o be_v call_v custodes_fw-la angliae_fw-la quod_fw-la say_v he_o tum_fw-la in_fw-la historiis_fw-la tum_fw-la in_o tabulis_fw-la publicis_fw-la saepissimè_fw-la occurrit_fw-la and_o likewise_o in_o 8._o arthur_n prince_n of_o wales_n who_o be_v make_v custos_fw-la angliae_fw-la when_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o be_v go_v out_o of_o england_n and_o in_o peter_n gaveston_n who_o be_v custos_fw-la angliae_fw-la edward_n the_o second_o be_v busy_v in_o france_n and_o also_o the_o in_o governor_n of_o 3._o the_o isle_n of_o jersey_n and_o gernsey_n who_o of_o ancient_a time_n be_v custodes_fw-la of_o those_o island_n as_o they_o be_v now_o call_v gubernatores_fw-la custodes_fw-la and_o capitanei_fw-la and_o see_v it_o be_v so_o how_o can_v it_o be_v say_v he_o that_o we_o shall_v not_o think_v that_o our_o ancestor_n use_v under_o the_o same_o notion_n or_o term_n of_o custos_fw-la &_o custodia_fw-la the_o custodes_fw-la maris_fw-la and_o the_o custodes_fw-la insulae_fw-la etc._n etc._n quod_fw-la cum_fw-la ita_fw-la sit_fw-la quomodo_fw-la fieri_fw-la potest_fw-la ut_fw-la non_fw-la eadem_fw-la notione_fw-la vocabuli_fw-la custodis_fw-la &_o custodiae_fw-la majores_fw-la nostros_fw-la usos_fw-la esse_fw-la existimemus_fw-la in_o custodis_fw-la &_o custodiae_fw-la maris_fw-la nomine_fw-la quâ_fw-la in_o custodia_fw-la insulae_fw-la &_o caeteris_fw-la jam_fw-la dictis_fw-la dignitatibus_fw-la uti_fw-la solebant_fw-la sc_fw-la in_o hisce_fw-la omnibus_fw-la dominium_fw-la imperiumque_fw-la singular_a praeficientis_fw-la apertissimè_fw-la ita_fw-la signatur_fw-la includiturque_fw-la adeo_fw-la ut_fw-la non_fw-la magis_fw-la authoritas_fw-la in_o personam_fw-la quae_fw-la praeficitur_fw-la quam_fw-la rei_fw-la custodiendae_fw-la dominium_fw-la nomine_fw-la hoc_fw-la planè_fw-la innuatur_fw-la if_o then_o there_o be_v custodes_fw-la maris_fw-la marinae_fw-la portuum_fw-la &_o maritimarum_fw-la partium_fw-la and_o that_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o of_o a_o land_n prince_n non_fw-la aliter_fw-la ac_fw-la provinciae_fw-la cujuscunque_fw-la terrestris_fw-la then_o will_v it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o if_o a_o prince_n that_o ever_o be_v civilise_a by_o the_o dominion_n and_o rule_n of_o a_o civil_a governor_n or_o governor_n for_o by_o such_o mean_n and_o no_o other_o be_v all_o nation_n prince_n island_n and_o the_o like_v become_v civilise_a and_o order_v can_v not_o so_o continue_v civilise_a and_o order_v without_o rule_n and_o law_n for_o every_o man_n demeanour_n to_o be_v guide_v by_o that_o the_o sea_n have_v ancient_o be_v use_v for_o maritime_a affair_n for_o free_a and_o peaceable_a traffic_n and_o commerce_n one_o nation_n with_o another_o which_o be_v friend_n at_o unity_n and_o in_o concord_n and_o for_o martial_a fleet_n and_o navy_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o every_o kingdom_n against_o a_o enemy_n and_o so_o ancient_o under_o the_o dominion_n of_o civil_a prince_n as_o under_o their_o dominion_n and_o government_n of_o a_o civil_a land_n province_n must_v necessary_o have_v have_v settle_v and_o know_v law_n suit_v and_o fit_v for_o such_o their_o dominion_n and_o government_n which_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o maritime_a law_n so_o agreeable_a unto_o sea-affair_n and_o so_o common_o and_o ancient_o accept_v and_o agree_v unto_o by_o most_o nation_n and_o kingdom_n which_o have_v have_v such_o free_a traffic_n and_o peaceable_a commerce_n upon_o and_o by_o they_o one_o with_o another_o to_o guide_v and_o direct_v these_o custodes_fw-la in_o the_o minister_a of_o justice_n in_o sea-business_n as_o well_o as_o the_o governor_n of_o land_n province_n have_v have_v their_o land_n law_n for_o the_o minister_a justice_n in_o land-affair_n hence_o spelman_n in_o his_o glossarie_n have_v reckon_v up_o all_o the_o admiral_n from_o the_o eight_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o unto_o the_o 16_o year_n of_o king_n james_n sai_z nos_fw-la de_fw-la munere_fw-la caduco_fw-la aut_fw-la extraordinario_fw-la non_fw-la agimus_fw-la at_o de_fw-fr summo_fw-la stationarioque_fw-la magistratu_fw-la qui_fw-la universae_fw-la marinae_fw-la reipublicae_fw-la praeest_fw-la suoqueâ—oro_fw-la &_o amplissima_fw-la jurisdictione_n tam_fw-la in_o causis_fw-la civilibus_fw-la
and_o infer_v from_o the_o introduction_n of_o they_o into_o england_n as_o these_o sea-law_n before_o mention_v have_v their_o beginning_n and_o the_o government_n by_o they_o spring_v from_o the_o island_n rhodes_n upon_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n so_o the_o other_o sea-law_n there_o be_v extant_a which_o have_v their_o beginning_n from_o a_o island_n upon_o the_o great_a ocean_n and_o it_o be_v call_v oleron_n situate_a on_o the_o sea-coast_n of_o france_n against_o the_o mouth_n of_o charant_a and_o the_o maraes_n nigh_v st._n martin_n and_o not_o far_o from_o the_o entry_n of_o pâ—ohem_n garunana_n this_o island_n likewise_o consist_v altogether_o of_o skilful_a and_o experience_a man_n as_o do_v the_o other_o can_v no_o more_o subsist_v or_o proceed_v happy_o and_o prosperous_o in_o their_o maritime_a affair_n than_o can_v the_o other_o without_o such_o government_n as_o the_o other_o have_v and_o they_o be_v not_o altogether_o ignorant_a of_o the_o rhodian_a law_n nor_o yet_o very_o perfect_a in_o they_o and_o other_o new_a difference_n and_o controversy_n arise_v and_o superven_a which_o they_o can_v not_o judge_v or_o determine_v by_o the_o rhodian_a law_n they_o observe_v certain_a other_o rule_n and_o custom_n together_o with_o those_o law_n whereby_o they_o decide_v such_o difference_n and_o determine_v such_o debate_n as_o fall_v out_o and_o happen_v among_o they_o which_o rule_v and_o custom_n king_n richard_n the_o first_o in_o his_o return_n from_o the_o holy-land_n have_v then_o the_o power_n and_o government_n over_o that_o island_n of_o oleron_n cause_v to_o be_v interpret_v settle_v and_o publish_v for_o law_n there_o and_o have_v so_o settle_v they_o there_o and_o afterward_o come_v into_o england_n if_o we_o shall_v still_o doubt_v of_o the_o acceptance_n and_o settlement_n of_o the_o rhodian_a law_n here_o at_z or_o before_o that_o time_n yet_o let_v we_o not_o make_v any_o question_n but_o that_o he_o bring_v those_o law_n of_o oleron_n hither_o with_o he_o and_o here_o settle_a and_o declare_v they_o for_o law_n for_o the_o rule_n and_o government_n of_o his_o maritime_a subject_n and_o do_v justice_n among_o all_o people_n of_o what_o nation_n soever_o according_a to_o those_o law_n as_o will_v plain_o appear_v out_o of_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o article_n upon_o which_o the_o king_n justice_n in_o edward_n the_o three_o time_n be_v to_o advise_v where_o it_o be_v say_v thus_o item_n ad_fw-la finem_fw-la quòd_fw-la resumatur_fw-la &_o continuatur_fw-la ad_fw-la subditorum_fw-la prosecutionem_fw-la sorma_fw-la procedendi_fw-la quondam_a ordinata_fw-la &_o inchoata_fw-la per_fw-la avum_fw-la domini_fw-la nostri_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o ejus_fw-la consilium_fw-la ad_fw-la retinendum_fw-la &_o conservandum_fw-la antiquam_fw-la superioritatem_fw-la maris_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o nos_fw-la offic_n admiralitatis_fw-la in_o eodem_fw-la quoad_fw-la corrigendum_fw-la interpretandum_fw-la declarandum_fw-la &_o conservandum_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o statuta_fw-la per_fw-la ejus_fw-la antecessores_fw-la angliae_fw-la reges_fw-la dudum_fw-la ordinata_fw-la ad_fw-la conservandum_fw-la pacem_fw-la &_o justitiam_fw-la inter_fw-la omnes_fw-la gentes_fw-la nationis_fw-la cujuscunque_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la angliae_fw-la transeuntes_fw-la &_o cognoscendum_fw-la super_fw-la omnibus_fw-la in_o contrarium_fw-la attemptatis_fw-la in_o eodem_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la puniendum_fw-la delinquentes_fw-la &_o damna_fw-la passis_fw-la satisfaciendum_fw-la quae_fw-la quidem_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o statuta_fw-la per_fw-la dominum_fw-la richardum_fw-la quondam_a regem_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_fw-la reditu_fw-la svo_fw-la à _fw-la terra_fw-la sancta_fw-la correcta_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la interpretata_fw-la &_o in_o insula_n oleron_n publicata_fw-la &_o nominata_fw-la in_o gallica_n lingua_fw-la 3._o la_fw-fr ley_fw-fr oleron_n hence_o as_o it_o appear_v that_o king_n richard_n interpret_v declare_v and_o publish_v these_o law_n call_v the_o law_n of_o oleon_n in_o that_o island_n so_o do_v it_o plain_o appear_v that_o he_o ordain_v and_o establish_v they_o here_o by_o these_o word_n ad_fw-la conservandum_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o statuta_fw-la per_fw-la ejus_fw-la antecessores_fw-la angliae_fw-la reges_fw-la dudum_fw-la ordinata_fw-la per_fw-la ejus_fw-la i.e._n avi_fw-la svi_fw-la prius_fw-la nominati_fw-la by_o his_o predecessor_n and_o it_o do_v plain_o appear_v by_o that_o in_o the_o close_a that_o richard_n the_o first_o must_v necessary_o be_v one_o of_o they_o and_o hence_o likewise_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o with_o the_o settlement_n of_o these_o law_n there_o be_v likewise_o a_o settlement_n of_o a_o form_n of_o proceed_v according_a to_o those_o law_n for_o say_v this_o record_n in_o prin_fw-mi ad_fw-la finem_fw-la quòd_fw-la resumatur_fw-la &_o continuetur_fw-la ad_fw-la subditorum_fw-la prosecutionem_fw-la forma_fw-la procedendi_fw-la quondam_a ordinata_fw-la &_o inchoata_fw-la per_fw-la avum_fw-la etc._n etc._n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la &_o inchoata_fw-la resumi_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o must_v be_v the_o construction_n as_o the_o word_n follow_v make_v it_o plain_a which_o be_v ad_fw-la retinendum_fw-la &_o conservandum_fw-la for_o retain_v and_o conserve_n denote_v something_o to_o be_v retain_v and_o preserve_v that_o be_v before_o now_o for_o the_o publish_n and_o settle_v these_o law_n and_o ordain_v a_o form_n of_o proceed_n in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o they_o in_o richard_n the_o first_o be_v time_n i_o conceive_v i_o may_v safe_o conclude_v a_o admiral_n and_o admiralty_n court_n to_o have_v be_v settle_v before_o and_o continue_v at_o the_o same_o time_n unto_o which_o he_o add_v some_o more_o exact_a proceed_n together_o with_o these_o law_n of_o oleron_n as_o several_a statute_n be_v daily_o add_v either_o in_o affirmance_n or_o correction_n of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o my_o reason_n be_v because_o these_o law_n without_o the_o rhodian_a law_n and_o those_o other_o law_n make_v in_o supplement_n of_o they_o be_v in_o no_o wise_a a_o complete_a law_n for_o the_o guidance_n and_o direction_n of_o a_o admiralty_n court_n and_o it_o may_v further_o appear_v that_o unto_o the_o settlement_n of_o these_o law_n this_o king_n himself_o add_v ordinance_n of_o the_o admiralty_n one_o of_o which_o i_o shall_v here_o set_v down_o which_o he_o make_v at_o grimsby_n the_o word_n follow_v item_n 28._o soit_fw-fr en_fw-fr quis_fw-la de_fw-fr nef_n qui_fw-fr sont_fw-fr arrestee_n pour_fw-fr le_fw-fr service_fw-fr du_fw-fr roy_fw-fr ou_fw-fr pour_fw-fr autrè_n raisonabile_fw-la cause_n per_fw-la les_fw-fr officer_n du_fw-fr roy_fw-fr ou_fw-fr de_fw-fr l'_fw-fr admiral_n &_o debrisent_fw-fr l'_fw-fr arrest_n &_o per_fw-la les_fw-fr quelles_fw-fr avantdicte_v nefs_n sont_fw-fr amenez_fw-fr &_o retainer_n les_fw-fr mariner_n qui_fw-fr sont_fw-fr ordinez_fw-fr pour_fw-fr la_fw-fr service_fw-fr du_fw-fr roy_fw-fr &_o si_fw-fr retraient_fw-fr &_o encas_fw-la que_fw-fr homme_fw-fr soit_fw-fr indite_v qui_fw-fr la_fw-fr debruse_n l'_fw-fr arrest_n en_fw-fr sa_fw-fr nef_fw-fr arrestee_n pour_fw-fr le_fw-fr service_fw-fr du_fw-fr roy_fw-fr &_o de_fw-fr ce_fw-fr soit_fw-fr convicte_n per_fw-la twelve_o il_fw-fr perdra_fw-fr sa_fw-fr nef_n si'l_v negrace_fw-mi du_fw-fr roy_fw-fr ou_fw-fr du_fw-fr halt_a admiral_n &_o pour_fw-fr ce_fw-fr quila_fw-la este_fw-la plusseurs_fw-fr forz_fw-ge debatu_fw-la en_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr pour_fw-fr les_fw-fr arrestee_n des_fw-fr nef_n quamt_v le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr amande_fw-fr sergeant_n do_v arm_n ou_fw-fr autre_fw-fr ministris_fw-la pour_fw-fr arrester_n nef_n all_o ceps_fw-la du_fw-fr roy_fw-fr &_o les_fw-fr seignieurs_fw-fr des_fw-fr nef_n sont_fw-fr venuz_fw-fr devant_fw-fr l'_fw-fr admiral_n &_o allegment_n que_fw-fr leur_fw-fr nef_n nestorent_fw-fr mye_a arrestee_n ordonne_v estoit_fw-fr ou_fw-fr temps_fw-fr du_fw-fr roy_fw-fr richard_n le_fw-fr primer_n à _fw-fr grimsby_n per_fw-la advys_fw-fr de_fw-fr pluseurs_fw-fr signior_n du_fw-fr royalme_n que_fw-fr quamt_a nefs_fw-mi seront_fw-fr arrestee_n pour_fw-fr service_fw-fr du_fw-fr roy_fw-fr que_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr escripra_fw-la par_fw-fr ses_fw-fr lettre_n patentes_fw-la à _fw-fr l'_fw-fr admiral_n d'_fw-fr arrester_n les_fw-fr nef_n plus_fw-fr ou_fw-fr moins_fw-fr a_fw-fr la_fw-fr voulente_fw-la du_fw-fr roy_fw-fr &_o solen_v ce_fw-fr quill_n a_o besomg_n &_o l'_fw-fr admiral_n escrivera_fw-fr a_fw-fr ses_fw-fr lieutenant_n de_fw-fr fair_a de_fw-fr re_fw-mi l'_fw-fr execution_n &_o la_fw-fr cause_n estoit_fw-fr pour_fw-fr ce_fw-fr que_fw-fr l'_fw-fr admiral_n &_o say_v lieutenant_n sont_fw-fr de_fw-fr record_n &_o pais_fw-fr l'_fw-fr admiral_n escripra_fw-la au_fw-fr roy_fw-fr ou_fw-fr au_fw-fr chancely_o d'_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr les_fw-fr nom_n des_fw-fr nefs_fw-mi amsi_fw-fr arrestee_n assemblement_n avec_fw-fr les_fw-fr nom_n de_fw-fr seigneurs_fw-fr &_o master_n dicelle_v &_o en_fw-fr tel_fw-fr case_z le_fw-fr seigneur_fw-fr de_fw-fr lâ_fw-la nef_fw-fr ne_fw-fr le_fw-fr mastre_n ne_fw-fr viendront_fw-fr pas_fw-fr adire_fw-la que_fw-fr la_fw-fr nef_fw-fr nestoit_fw-fr mye_n arrestee_n ne_o a_o ce_fw-fr ne_fw-fr seront_fw-fr oyz_fw-fr the_o same_o ordinance_n be_v set_v forth_o in_o another_o ancient_a french_a copy_n of_o article_n wherein_o divers_a other_o ordinance_n be_v likewise_o set_v forth_o be_v by_o one_o roughton_n translate_v into_o latin_a in_o these_o word_n viz._n item_n 157._o inquirendum_fw-la de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la navibus_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la serviendum_fw-la domino_fw-la regi_fw-la super_fw-la mari_fw-fr arrestatae_fw-la fuerint_fw-la &_o postea_fw-la domini_fw-la possessores_fw-la
reparation_n of_o their_o old_a law_n than_o a_o structure_n or_o edifice_n of_o new_a for_o the_o rest_n some_o say_v they_o be_v additional_a some_o say_v explanatory_a to_o remove_v false_a construction_n and_o interpretation_n and_o some_o say_v both_o but_o certain_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o be_v but_o explanatory_n for_o the_o other_o law_n before_o mention_v be_v account_v most_o authentic_a and_o of_o chief_a authority_n throughout_o all_o or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o europe_n but_o be_v these_o additional_a yet_o the_o addition_n of_o sea-law_n to_o sea-law_n be_v no_o diminution_n of_o sea-jurisdiction_n but_o rather_o a_o complete_n and_o perfect_v thereof_o but_o the_o composure_n of_o new_a land-law_n or_o if_o it_o be_v but_o the_o reformation_n of_o old_a if_o those_o law_n look_v but_o towards_o the_o sea_n they_o oftentimes_o cause_v the_o discomposure_n of_o sea-law_n and_o unless_o well_o look_v unto_o the_o very_a destruction_n of_o that_o jurisdiction_n but_o of_o that_o more_o will_v appear_v by_o what_o shall_v be_v say_v hereafter_o and_o now_o before_o i_o proceed_v to_o any_o other_o argument_n for_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o jurisdiction_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o one_o reason_n only_o which_o induce_v i_o to_o believe_v that_o the_o same_o be_v settle_v long_o before_o the_o time_n before_o mention_v and_o that_o the_o rhodian_a sea-law_n be_v here_o settle_v long_o before_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n by_o richard_n the_o first_o and_o that_o be_v a_o ordinance_n make_v by_o henry_n the_o first_o at_o ipswich_n concern_v the_o banish_v a_o man_n for_o felony_n or_o trespass_n which_o i_o find_v mention_v in_o a_o article_n of_o the_o ancient_a inquiry_n of_o maritime_a offence_n annex_v unto_o the_o ancient_a statute_n of_o the_o admiralty_n in_o the_o ancient_a parchment-leaved_n book_n call_v the_o black_a book_n of_o the_o admiralty_n where_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o such_o banishment_n be_v set_v forth_o it_o be_v say_v et_fw-la 27._o cêste_fw-la ordonnance_n fat_a faitte_n primerement_n a_o gyspswiz_n ou_fw-fr temps_fw-fr du_fw-fr primer_n roy_fw-fr henry_n per_fw-la les_fw-fr admiralx_n de_fw-fr north_n &_o west_n &_o autres_fw-fr signior_n adheirdantz_n chap._n v._n the_o ancient_a introduction_n of_o the_o sea-law_n argue_v and_o infer_v from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n dominion_n over_o the_o british_a sea_n that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n have_v no_o dominion_n at_o all_o over_o the_o british_a sea_n or_o any_o right_a or_o claim_v thereunto_o whatsoever_o be_v make_v plain_a by_o what_o be_v 28._o set_v forth_o in_o the_o 14_o chapter_n of_o the_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr dominio_fw-la maris_fw-la write_v by_o mr._n selden_n who_o in_o his_o 27_o and_o 28_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o book_n proceed_v to_o make_v further_a proof_n thereof_o and_o therein_o set_v forth_o that_o there_o be_v war_n between_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o of_o england_n and_o king_n philip_n the_o fair_a of_o france_n but_o agree_v by_o covenant_n that_o all_o commerce_n on_o both_o side_n shall_v be_v free_a so_o that_o to_o all_o merchant_n whatsoever_o there_o shall_v be_v induciae_fw-la which_o be_v call_v sufferantia_fw-la guerrae_fw-la and_o by_o both_o of_o they_o judge_n be_v appoint_v that_o shall_v take_v cognizance_n of_o all_o thing_n do_v against_o these_o truce_n and_o shall_v exercise_v judicia_fw-la secundum_fw-la legem_fw-la mercatoriam_fw-la &_o formam_fw-la sufferantiae_fw-la now_o it_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o first_o head_n of_o this_o league_n that_o they_o shall_v defend_v each_o other_o right_n against_o all_o other_o this_o afterward_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o a_o action_n which_o be_v institute_v in_o the_o same_o king_n time_n etc._n etc._n before_o these_o cognitor_n choose_v by_o both_o the_o say_a prince_n by_o the_o proctor_n of_o the_o prelate_n nobility_n and_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n and_o of_o all_o the_o city_n town_n and_o subject_n of_o england_n etc._n etc._n unto_o which_o be_v join_v the_o proctor_n of_o the_o most_o maritime_a nation_n throughout_o europe_n as_o of_o genua_n catalonia_n spain_n alemania_n zealand_n holland_n frise_n denmark_n and_o norway_n and_o divers_a other_o subject_a to_o the_o roman_a empire_n against_o reginer_n grimbald_n the_o then_o admiral_n of_o france_n for_o that_o there_o be_v war_n between_o philip_n king_n of_o france_n and_o guy_n earl_n of_o flanders_n he_o have_v take_v merchant_n upon_o those_o sea_n in_o their_o voyage_n to_o flanders_n and_o despoil_v they_o of_o their_o good_n whereas_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o his_o predecessor_n as_o they_o all_o joint_o by_o libel_n do_v declare_v and_o affirm_v without_o all_o controversy_n beyond_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n have_v have_v the_o supreme_a government_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n and_o the_o island_n thereof_o praescribendo_fw-la medium_n scilicet_fw-la leges_fw-la statuta_fw-la atque_fw-la interdicta_fw-la armorum_fw-la naviùmque_fw-la alio_fw-la ac_fw-la mercatoriis_fw-la armamentis_fw-la instructarum_fw-la cautiones_fw-la exigendo_fw-la tutelam_fw-la praebendo_fw-la ubicunque_fw-la opus_fw-la esset_fw-la atque_fw-la alia_fw-la constituendo_fw-la quaecunque_fw-la fuerint_fw-la necessaria_fw-la ad_fw-la pacem_fw-la jus_o &_o aequitatem_fw-la conseruandam_fw-la inter_fw-la omnimodas_fw-la gentes_fw-la tam_fw-la exteras_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o imperio_fw-la anglicano_n comprebensas_fw-la quae_fw-la per_fw-la illud_fw-la transierint_fw-la supremam_fw-la â—sdem_fw-la item_n fuisse_fw-la atque_fw-la esse_fw-la tutelam_fw-la merum_fw-la &_o mixtum_fw-la imperium_fw-la in_o juredicendo_fw-la secundum_fw-la dictas_fw-la leges_fw-la statuta_fw-la praescripta_fw-la &_o interdicta_fw-la aliisque_fw-la in_o rebus_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la sumumm_n imperium_fw-la possint_fw-la attmere_fw-la in_o locis_fw-la judicatis_fw-la ad_fw-la praefecturam_fw-la admirallorum_fw-la à _fw-la regibus_fw-la angliae_fw-la constitui_fw-la solitorum_fw-la spectare_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la ex_fw-la imperio_fw-la ejusmodi_fw-la exercendam_fw-la and_o he_o set_v forth_o further_o in_o the_o same_o libel_n that_o they_o do_v all_o of_o they_o together_o desire_v ut_fw-la à _fw-la custodiâ_fw-la postea_fw-la liberati_fw-la qui_fw-la carceri_fw-la ita_fw-la traditi_fw-la essent_fw-la reddita_fw-la item_n bona_fw-la nullo_n jure_fw-la capta_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la admiralli_n regis_fw-la angliae_fw-la ad_fw-la quem_fw-la solum_fw-la tam_fw-la ex_fw-la jure_fw-la rerum_fw-la ac_fw-la loci_fw-la quà n_fw-la personarum_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la jurisdictio_fw-la attinebat_fw-la subirent_fw-la these_o thing_n i_o have_v cite_v out_o of_o mr._n selden_n not_o only_o to_o show_v here_o for_o my_o purpose_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v have_v from_o ancient_a time_n the_o power_n and_o dominion_n over_o the_o british_a sea_n for_o then_o may_v i_o have_v refer_v the_o whole_a matter_n to_o his_o whole_a book_n which_o do_v so_o learned_o so_o many_o way_n and_o by_o so_o many_o several_a argument_n convince_v in_o that_o point_n but_o as_o well_o to_o show_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n admiral_n have_v likewise_o as_o ancient_o have_v jurisdiction_n under_o they_o over_o those_o maritime_a affair_n which_o fall_v sub_fw-la isto_fw-la regimine_fw-la &_o dominio_fw-la and_o also_o to_o show_v that_o so_o many_o nation_n do_v concur_v and_o agree_v therein_o and_o that_o they_o have_v istud_fw-la regimen_fw-la &_o dominium_fw-la exclusiuè_fw-la of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n border_v upon_o the_o same_o sea_n and_o of_o all_o other_o king_n and_o prince_n whatsoever_o for_o they_o all_o likewise_o joint_o agree_v a_o usurpation_n and_o interruption_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n right_n of_o dominion_n over_o these_o sea_n by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n in_o grant_v a_o patent_n of_o the_o admiralty_n of_o the_o sea_n unto_o his_o admiral_n reginer_n grimbald_n and_o therefore_o all_o joint_o proceed_v in_o their_o petition_n further_o ut_fw-la loco_fw-la cognitorum_fw-la sententia_fw-la reginerus_n grimbaldus_n ipsa_fw-la damna_fw-la actoribus_fw-la resarciret_fw-la si_fw-la nimirum_fw-la solvendo_fw-la esset_fw-la sin_v minùs_fw-la tunc_fw-la ut_fw-la ad_fw-la idem_fw-la faciendum_fw-la damnaretur_fw-la rex_fw-la francia_fw-la qui_fw-la ejusmodi_fw-la praefecturae_fw-la codicillis_fw-la eum_fw-la donasset_fw-la damnis_fw-la autem_fw-la resarcitis_fw-la tum_fw-la etiam_fw-la reginerus_n ob_fw-la foederis_fw-la violationem_fw-la poenas_fw-la daret_fw-la quales_fw-la alios_fw-la à _fw-la simili_fw-la facinore_fw-la in_o posterum_fw-la deterrere_fw-la possent_fw-la and_o in_o the_o libri_fw-la 28_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o book_n the_o libel_n be_v set_v out_o at_o large_a in_o its_o own_o language_n worthy_a the_o read_n now_o all_o these_o thing_n consider_v shall_v any_o man_n that_o understand_v that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o have_v no_o jurisdiction_n at_o all_o over_o these_o sea_n have_v so_o ancient_o have_v and_o continue_v their_o admiral_n in_o such_o power_n as_o the_o edict_n by_o parliament_n at_o paris_n declare_v they_o to_o have_v do_v so_o much_o as_o imagine_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n who_o have_v have_v from_o edward_n the_o first_o be_v time_n and_o so_o long_o before_o as_o that_o all_o the_o aforenamed_a nation_n do_v joint_o acknowledge_v it_o to_o be_v then_o beyond_o
the_o memory_n of_o man_n the_o sole_a rule_n and_o dominion_n of_o these_o sea_n shall_v not_o furnish_v this_o his_o maritimum_fw-la regimen_fw-la &_o dominium_fw-la with_o those_o ancient_a maritime_a law_n before_o speak_v of_o certain_o whosoever_o imagine_v this_o concipit_fw-la istud_fw-la mare_fw-la sine_fw-la navibus_fw-la vel_fw-la nave_n sine_fw-la naucleris_fw-la &_o navarchis_fw-la fluctuantes_fw-la concipit_fw-la istas_fw-la if_o furnish_v with_o law_n then_o consequent_o with_o a_o commander_n admiral_n or_o governor_n for_o the_o dispense_n and_o minister_a of_o justice_n among_o sea-trader_n and_o seafaring-man_n according_a to_o those_o law_n else_o be_v these_o constitute_v and_o appoint_v to_o that_o use_n in_o vain_a but_o i_o may_v here_o rather_o from_o the_o forementioned_a libel_n deduce_v a_o proof_n of_o the_o ancient_a settlement_n of_o maritime_a law_n in_o england_n from_o the_o ancient_a acknowledgement_n of_o a_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n than_o the_o settlement_n of_o a_o admiral_n and_o his_o jurisdiction_n from_o a_o former_a introduction_n of_o the_o maritime_a law_n into_o this_o kingdom_n for_o a_o admiral_n of_o england_n and_o a_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n be_v both_o acknowledge_v by_o all_o the_o therein_o mention_a nation_n to_o have_v be_v from_o that_o time_n which_o be_v anno_o 30_o ed._n primi_fw-la beyond_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n if_o then_o the_o admiral_n have_v so_o ancient_o a_o jurisdiction_n i_o must_v necessary_o infer_v from_o thence_o that_o so_o ancient_o if_o not_o somewhat_o before_o the_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n must_v be_v settle_v for_o his_o rule_n and_o guidance_n for_o they_o do_v not_o say_v there_o be_v a_o admiral_n for_o so_o there_o may_v have_v be_v and_o he_o have_v rule_v by_o arbitrary_a power_n but_o they_o say_v as_o before_o be_v say_v ad_fw-la praefecturam_fw-la admirallorum_fw-la à _fw-la regibus_fw-la angliae_fw-la constitui_fw-la solitorum_fw-la spectaret_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la ex_fw-la imperio_fw-la ejusmodi_fw-la excercendam_fw-la and_o in_o their_o petition_n as_o be_v before_o express_v they_o desire_v ut_fw-la à _fw-la custodiâ_fw-la liberati_fw-la qui_fw-la carceri_fw-la traditi_fw-la essent_fw-la reddita_fw-la item_n bona_fw-la nullo_n jure_fw-la capta_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la admiralli_n regis_fw-la angliae_fw-la subirent_fw-la now_o as_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d jus_o so_o jurisdictio_fw-la be_v juris_fw-la dicendi_fw-la potestas_fw-la and_o as_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d likewise_o from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d lex_fw-la so_o juris_n consultus_fw-la est_fw-la be_v qui_fw-la jus_o consuluit_fw-la sive_fw-la studuit_fw-la and_o so_o juridicus_fw-la quod_fw-la secundùm_fw-la jus_o est_fw-la as_o juridicus_fw-la dies_fw-la quô_o ritè_fw-la jus_o dici_fw-la potest_fw-la and_o juridica_fw-la actio_fw-la quae_fw-la secundùm_fw-la jus_o est_fw-la dicitur_fw-la etiam_fw-la juridicus_fw-la qui_fw-la jus_o dicit_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n at_o cui_fw-la jus_o ignotum_fw-la est_fw-la &_o ignota_fw-la jurisdicendi_fw-la potestas_fw-la &_o cui_fw-la jus_o non_fw-la est_fw-la jus_o non_fw-la consuluit_fw-la &_o ubi_fw-la jus_o non_fw-la est_fw-la ibi_fw-la jus_o dici_fw-la nequit_fw-la no_o man_n can_v have_v a_o jurisdiction_n or_o power_n of_o declare_v the_o law_n or_o judge_v by_o the_o law_n to_o who_o the_o law_n be_v not_o know_v more_o especial_o where_o there_o be_v no_o know_a law_n to_o declare_v or_o judge_v by_o therefore_o see_v the_o admiral_n by_o common_a consent_n and_o by_o so_o common_a a_o judicial_a acknowledgement_n so_o ancient_o have_v a_o jurisdiction_n necessary_o he_o must_v so_o ancient_o have_v have_v certain_a know_v and_o settle_a law_n to_o declare_v and_o judge_v by_o i_o do_v observe_v likewise_o that_o all_o the_o patent_n grant_v unto_o admiral_n from_o the_o 35th_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o upward_o unto_o the_o 34th_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o do_v conclude_v in_o bind_v they_o to_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o office_n prout_fw-la justum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la &_o fieri_fw-la consuevit_fw-la and_o as_o this_o prout_fw-la fieri_fw-la consuevit_fw-la lead_v i_o to_o the_o more_o ancient_a patent_n wherein_o the_o officer_n bear_v not_o the_o title_n of_o admiral_n and_o teach_v i_o to_o understand_v that_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o title_n do_v not_o differ_v or_o alter_v the_o property_n in_o the_o office_n or_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o officer_n so_o this_o prout_fw-la justum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la show_v i_o as_o well_o as_o the_o jurisdiction_n in_o the_o libel_n before_o speak_v of_o do_v that_o the_o admiral_n have_v then_o and_o prout_fw-la hactenus_fw-la show_v i_o they_o have_v so_o before_o a_o law_n to_o rule_v and_o judge_v by_o for_o though_o a_o private_a man_n which_o be_v vir_fw-la bone_fw-la a_o good_a man_n which_o deal_v upright_o and_o punctual_o with_o all_o man_n be_v usual_o say_v to_o be_v vir_fw-la iustùs_fw-la and_o not_o improper_o when_o we_o speak_v of_o a_o private_a man_n in_o his_o private_a deal_n and_o vir_fw-la probus_fw-la &_o sanctus_fw-la which_o observe_v the_o divine_a law_n be_v very_o proper_o call_v vir_fw-la iustùs_fw-la when_o we_o speak_v or_o discourse_v of_o matter_n of_o religion_n etc._n etc._n but_o if_o we_o speak_v of_o a_o man_n set_v and_o put_v in_o place_n and_o authority_n over_o other_o in_o sea-affair_n we_o say_v he_o be_v vir_fw-la iustùs_fw-la qui_fw-la jus_o observat_fw-la &_o à _fw-la jure_fw-la non_fw-la discedit_fw-la for_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v iustùs_fw-la do_v as_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d do_v come_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d jus_o and_o so_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o the_o same_o word_n signify_v legitimè_fw-la jure_fw-la &_o justè_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d signify_v jus_o the_o law_n itself_o chap._n vi_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o admiralty_n argue_v and_o infer_v from_o the_o defect_n and_o want_n of_o ability_n in_o other_o court_n in_o decide_v of_o maritime_a cause_n in_o those_o ancient_a time_n that_o in_o those_o ancient_a time_n the_o custodes_fw-la marinae_fw-la &_o maritimarum_fw-la partium_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o who_o care_n and_o trust_v these_o marinae_fw-la and_o maritimae_fw-la part_n the_o sea_n the_o coast_n and_o port_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v commit_v have_v a_o great_a power_n and_o grand_a authority_n over_o all_o those_o maritime_a part_n whereunto_o they_o be_v limit_v and_o over_o all_o ship_n and_o ship_n and_o over_o all_o thing_n thereunto_o belong_v and_o over_o all_o person_n whatsoever_o who_o be_v therein_o concern_v within_o the_o say_a limit_n and_o have_v powet_a and_o authority_n of_o hear_v and_o determine_v of_o all_o difference_n and_o controversy_n which_o do_v or_o may_v arise_v concern_v the_o same_o may_v be_v very_o well_o conclude_v upon_o this_o further_a ground_n that_o no_o other_o court_n in_o those_o day_n presume_v ever_o to_o take_v cognizance_n of_o any_o such_o matter_n or_o affair_n which_o i_o be_o confident_a of_o for_o the_o reason_n ensue_v i_o hope_v no_o man_n will_v say_v that_o maritime_a cause_n be_v try_v in_o the_o healgemote_a now_o call_v the_o court_n baron_fw-fr nor_o in_o the_o hundresmote_a now_o call_v the_o hundred-court_n and_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o the_o county-court_n nor_o yet_o in_o the_o scyedgemote_a now_o call_v the_o arch._n sheriff_n turn_v which_o be_v the_o court_n then_o in_o use_n and_o have_v be_v long_o before_o the_o conquest_n and_o do_v yet_o continue_v and_o never_o do_v nor_o do_v assume_v nay_o not_o so_o much_o as_o challenge_v any_o right_n at_o all_o to_o any_o such_o power_n nor_o do_v the_o king_n court_n of_o exchequer_n which_o be_v the_o first_o court_n be_v settle_v after_o the_o conquest_n ever_o arch._n undertake_v to_o deal_v in_o cause_n of_o that_o nature_n but_o as_o mr._n lambard_n determine_v this_o point_n very_o well_o be_v only_o settle_v and_o appoint_v for_o cause_n concern_v the_o king_n demesne_n and_o receipt_n and_o he_o say_v that_o after_o the_o conqueror_n have_v suppress_v the_o force_n of_o those_o that_o make_v head_n against_o he_o here_o he_o settle_v this_o court_n for_o his_o revenue_n and_o call_v it_o his_o exchequer_n after_o the_o name_n of_o his_o exchequer_n in_o normandy_n but_o say_v he_o it_o differ_v not_o a_o little_a from_o that_o for_o the_o exchequer_n of_o normandy_n have_v not_o only_o the_o government_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o duke_n there_o but_o be_v also_o the_o sovereign_a court_n for_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n among_o his_o subject_n until_o lewis_n the_o twelve_o king_n of_o france_n anno_fw-la 1499._o convert_v it_o into_o a_o parliament_n consist_v of_o a_o precedent_n and_o councillor_n and_o establish_v it_o at_o rouen_n in_o normandy_n where_o it_o still_o continue_v but_o say_v he_o this_o exchequer_n in_o england_n have_v only_o the_o
pirate_n thief_n robber_n murderer_n and_o confederate_n upon_o the_o sea_n many_o time_n escape_v unpunished_a because_o the_o trial_n of_o their_o offence_n heretofore_o have_v be_v order_v judge_v and_o determine_v before_o the_o admiral_n or_o his_o lieutenant_n or_o commissary_n after_o the_o course_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o nature_n whereof_o be_v that_o before_o any_o judgement_n of_o death_n can_v be_v give_v against_o the_o offender_n either_o they_o must_v plain_o confess_v their_o offence_n which_o they_o will_v never_o do_v without_o torture_n or_o pain_n or_o else_o their_o offence_n to_o be_v so_o plain_o and_o direct_o prove_v by_o witness_n indifferent_a such_o as_o see_v their_o offence_n commit_v which_o can_v be_v get_v but_o by_o chance_n at_o few_o time_n because_o such_o offender_n commit_v their_o offence_n upon_o the_o sea_n and_o many_o time_n murder_v and_o kill_v such_o person_n be_v in_o the_o ship_n or_o boat_n where_o they_o commit_v their_o offenc_n which_o shall_v witness_v against_o they_o in_o that_o behalf_n and_o also_o such_o as_o shall_v bear_v witness_n be_v common_o mariner_n and_o shipman_n which_o because_o of_o their_o often_o voyage_n and_o passage_n on_o the_o sea_n depart_v without_o long_a tarry_n and_o protraction_n of_o time_n to_o the_o great_a cost_n and_o charge_n as_o well_o of_o the_o king_n highness_n as_o such_o as_o will_v pursue_v such_o offender_n for_o reformation_n whereof_o be_v it_o enact_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o this_o present_a parliament_n that_o all_o treason_n felony_n robbery_n murder_n and_o confederacy_n hereafter_o to_o be_v commit_v in_o or_o upon_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o any_o other_o haven_n river_n creek_n or_o place_v where_o the_o admiral_n or_o admiral_n have_v or_o pretend_v to_o have_v power_n authority_n or_o jurisdiction_n shall_v be_v inquire_v try_v hear_v determine_v and_o adjudge_v in_o such_o shire_n and_o place_n in_o the_o realm_n as_o shall_v be_v limit_v by_o the_o king_n commission_n or_o commission_n to_o be_v direct_v for_o the_o same_o in_o the_o like_a form_n and_o condition_n as_o if_o any_o such_o offence_n or_o offence_n have_v be_v commit_v or_o do_v in_o or_o upon_o the_o land_n and_o such_o commission_n shall_v be_v have_v under_o the_o king_n great_a seal_n direct_v to_o the_o admiral_n or_o admiral_n or_o to_o he_o or_o their_o lieutenant_n deputy_n or_o deputy_n and_o to_o three_o or_o four_o such_o other_o substantial_a person_n as_o shall_v be_v name_v and_o appoint_v by_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n of_o england_n for_o the_o time_n be_v from_o time_n to_o time_n and_o as_o oft_o as_o need_v shall_v require_v to_o hear_v and_o determine_v such_o offence_n after_o the_o common_a course_n of_o the_o law_n of_o this_o land_n use_v for_o treason_n felony_n robbery_n murder_n and_o confederacy_n of_o the_o same_o do_v and_o commit_v upon_o the_o land_n within_o this_o realm_n this_o statute_n plain_o show_v that_o before_o the_o make_v thereof_o the_o offence_n of_o all_o traitor_n pirate_n thief_n robber_n and_o their_o confederate_n do_v or_o commit_v upon_o the_o sea_n without_o distinguish_v the_o main_a sea_n from_o the_o port_n creek_n and_o havens_n thereof_o or_o exclude_v they_o therefrom_o as_o well_o as_o the_o offence_n of_o murderer_n and_o meighmer_n of_o man_n be_v order_v judge_v and_o determine_v before_o the_o admiral_n his_o lieutenant_n or_o commissary_n nay_o by_o the_o reason_n give_v in_o this_o statute_n for_o the_o alteration_n this_o of_o this_o trial_n the_o port_n and_o havens_n do_v appear_v to_o be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o word_n sea_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o many_o time_n the_o offender_n do_v murder_n and_o kill_v such_o person_n and_o the_o witness_n be_v in_o the_o ship_n or_o boat_n where_o they_o commit_v their_o offence_n which_o shall_v witness_v against_o they_o in_o that_o behalf_n now_o sure_o all_o the_o say_a offence_n which_o be_v do_v or_o commit_v in_o ship_n or_o boat_n and_o be_v cognizable_a before_o the_o admiral_n or_o his_o lieutenant_n or_o commissary_n may_v be_v and_o be_v commit_v as_o well_o in_o ship_n and_o boat_n which_o do_v ride_v or_o lie_v at_o anchor_n within_o the_o havens_n creek_n and_o port_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o upon_o the_o high_a sea_n yet_o if_o this_o be_v doubt_v what_o follow_v in_o the_o act_n will_v make_v it_o more_o plain_a viz._n that_o all_o treason_n felony_n robbery_n murder_n and_o confederacy_n hereafter_o to_o be_v commit_v in_o or_o upon_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o any_o other_o haven_n river_n creek_n or_o place_n where_o the_o admiral_n have_v or_o pretend_v to_o have_v power_n authority_n or_o jurisdiction_n shall_v be_v inquire_v try_v etc._n etc._n so_o that_o we_o see_v here_o the_o same_o criminal_a offence_n acknowedge_v to_o have_v heretofore_o be_v tryable_a by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o that_o it_o be_v now_o enact_v that_o hereafter_o the_o same_o offence_n commit_v upon_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v otherwise_o inquire_v try_v etc._n etc._n and_o lest_o any_o doubt_n shall_v arise_v how_o far_o the_o sea_n heretofore_o extend_v therefore_o it_o be_v add_v or_o any_o other_o haven_n river_n or_o place_n where_o the_o admiral_n or_o admiral_n have_v or_o pretend_v to_o have_v power_n authority_n or_o jurisdiction_n again_o have_v these_o havens_n rivers_n and_o creek_n ever_o be_v within_o the_o body_n of_o county_n so_o that_o a_o jury_n may_v have_v be_v have_v out_o of_o a_o proper_a county_n for_o the_o trial_n of_o these_o offence_n thereon_o commit_v then_o need_v not_o this_o statute_n have_v appoint_v any_o such_o trial_n thereof_o by_o jury_n to_o be_v choose_v out_o of_o any_o county_n limit_v by_o the_o king_n commission_n proper_a or_o not_o proper_a nor_o assure_o will_v this_o stature_n have_v give_v the_o cognizance_n of_o these_o offence_n commit_v within_o the_o body_n of_o county_n to_o the_o lord_n admiral_n and_o his_o deputy_n now_o if_o these_o havens_n rivers_n and_o creek_n be_v so_o far_o out_o of_o the_o body_n of_o county_n that_o a_o jury_n can_v not_o nor_o yet_o can_v be_v have_v out_o of_o a_o proper_a county_n but_o must_v be_v have_v out_o of_o any_o county_n by_o the_o king_n in_o chancery_n appoint_v for_o the_o trial_n of_o these_o criminal_a cause_n arise_v from_o these_o offence_n thereon_o commit_v i_o conceive_v it_o will_v seem_v strange_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v affirm_v that_o the_o same_o havens_n rivers_n and_o creek_n shall_v be_v so_o far_o within_o the_o body_n of_o county_n that_o a_o jury_n may_v or_o may_v be_v have_v out_o of_o a_o proper_a county_n for_o the_o trial_n of_o such_o civil_a cause_n as_o might_n or_o may_v arise_v from_o civil_a matter_n thereon_o have_v or_o do_v so_o that_o i_o can_v by_o the_o uttermost_a of_o my_o endeavour_n find_v out_o the_o foundation_n either_o of_o law_n or_o reason_n whereon_o this_o judgement_n be_v build_v sir_n edward_n coke_n not_o seldom_o term_v it_o a_o maxim_n in_o the_o common_a law_n quòd_fw-la nemo_fw-la debet_fw-la videri_fw-la prudentior_fw-la lege_fw-la that_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o seem_v wise_a than_o the_o law_n and_o true_o from_o this_o maxim_n as_o he_o term_v it_o i_o conceive_v as_o strong_a a_o conclusion_n may_v be_v draw_v viz._n quod_fw-la hisce_fw-la statutis_fw-la nulli_fw-la prudentiores_fw-la videri_fw-la deberent_fw-la none_o ought_v to_o have_v seem_v wise_a than_o these_o statute_n themselves_o but_o indeed_o as_o this_o judgement_n have_v be_v by_o some_o accept_v as_o ground_v upon_o law_n so_o have_v it_o be_v by_o more_o and_o those_o learned_a in_o the_o law_n refuse_v and_o reject_v as_o not_o ground_v thereon_o as_o i_o shall_v hereafter_o show_v by_o writ_n de_fw-la procedendo_fw-la award_v out_o of_o the_o chancery_n upon_o injunction_n thence_o grant_v and_o consultation_n both_o out_o of_o the_o king_n bench_n and_o common-plea_n upon_o prohibition_n thence_o grant_v upon_o cause_n of_o the_o self_n same_o nature_n now_o i_o hope_v by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v &_o shall_v hereafter_o be_v show_v it_o plain_o will_v appear_v that_o this_o first_o and_o lead_v judgement_n be_v not_o so_o ground_v either_o upon_o law_n or_o reason_n or_o upon_o so_o sound_a a_o foundation_n as_o that_o man_n in_o succeed_a age_n shall_v build_v their_o judgement_n thereupon_o nor_o so_o complete_a or_o fit_v a_o guide_n or_o rule_v as_o that_o lawgiver_n shall_v be_v direct_v thereby_o although_o it_o have_v be_v contemporanea_fw-la statutorum_fw-la expositio_fw-la make_v within_o 20_o year_n of_o the_o make_n of_o one_o of_o the_o say_a statute_n and_o that_o upon_o two_o year_n advisement_n and_o deliberation_n as_o sir_n edward_n coke_n affirm_v which_o induction_n or_o minor_a proposition_n be_v as_o infirm_a as_o the_o major_a and_o both_o will_v leave_v the_o conclusion_n to_o stand_v alone_o
a_o prout_fw-la ponderant_fw-la a_o prout_fw-la valent_fw-la it_o be_v consider_v by_o the_o same_o law_n likewise_o if_o a_o ship_n be_v take_v by_o a_o pirate_n whether_o upon_o the_o sea_n or_o upon_o a_o port_n or_o haven_n and_o be_v redeem_v whether_o all_o must_v contribute_v or_o not_o and_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v take_v away_o by_o thief_n or_o robber_n whether_o he_o must_v lose_v it_o that_o do_v own_v it_o and_o if_o any_o one_o redeem_v what_o be_v so_o take_v away_o whether_o navis_fw-la contribution_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v for_o the_o redemption_n and_o it_o be_v consider_v how_o and_o in_o what_o manner_n this_o avaridge_n be_v to_o be_v make_v whether_o the_o good_n lose_v be_v to_o be_v value_v by_o themselves_o and_o the_o good_n save_v by_o themselves_o or_o whether_o altogether_o and_o whether_o good_n lose_v be_v to_o be_v value_v according_a to_o the_o price_n they_o be_v buy_v for_o or_o according_a to_o the_o price_n they_o may_v have_v be_v sell_v at_o and_o at_o whether_o of_o those_o two_o portio_fw-la price_n the_o good_n save_v be_v to_o be_v value_v it_o be_v likewise_o consider_v whether_o if_o a_o servant_n or_o slave_n in_o the_o cast_n over_o board_n of_o the_o good_n do_v happen_v to_o be_v drown_v whether_o any_o estimation_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o he_o and_o if_o any_o of_o the_o passenger_n be_v not_o solvendo_fw-la whether_o the_o payment_n of_o his_o share_n belong_v to_o the_o master_n or_o not_o whether_o if_o the_o good_n cast_v over_o board_n be_v again_o recover_v contribution_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v if_o contribution_n have_v be_v make_v whether_o it_o be_v to_o be_v restore_v and_o in_o what_o way_n the_o master_n ought_v to_o proceed_v against_o he_o that_o have_v so_o receive_v it_o and_o in_o what_o way_n the_o contributer_n ought_v to_o proceed_v against_o the_o master_n and_o whether_o good_n so_o cast_v over_o board_n be_v to_o be_v account_v pro_fw-la derelicto_fw-la and_o so_o become_v they_o who_o shall_v afterward_o possess_v they_o or_o not_o be_v so_o account_v but_o remain_v still_o the_o owner_n utrum_fw-la levandae_fw-la res_fw-la domini_fw-la manent_fw-la a_o fuerint_fw-la occupantis_fw-la it_o be_v likewise_o consider_v by_o these_o law_n whether_o if_o the_o master_n to_o avoid_v danger_n shall_v cut_v off_o or_o throw_v over_o board_v any_o of_o his_o mast_n or_o other_o instrument_n belong_v to_o his_o ship_n for_o preservation_n of_o his_o ship_n and_o her_o lade_n contribution_n in_o this_o case_n be_v due_a whether_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o passenger_n and_o merchant_n in_o the_o ship_n be_v requisite_a or_o not_o and_o whether_o it_o must_v be_v do_v arbore_fw-la justi_fw-la metus_fw-la causâ_fw-la and_o who_o be_v to_o judge_v thereof_o in_o like_a manner_n it_o be_v consider_v if_o the_o good_n cast_v over_o board_n be_v afterward_o regain_v and_o save_v by_o such_o as_o for_o pay_v or_o reward_n shall_v adventure_v and_o take_v pain_n to_o effect_v the_o same_o si_fw-la per_fw-la urinatores_fw-la recuperatae_fw-la sint_fw-la &_o extractae_fw-la and_o the_o ship_n with_o the_o remainder_n of_o her_o lade_n shall_v afterward_o be_v cast_v away_o whether_o the_o good_n so_o regain_v shall_v contribute_v to_o the_o other_o afterward_o cast_v away_o and_o if_o some_o of_o those_o good_n cast_v away_o with_o the_o ship_n shall_v in_o like_a manner_n be_v recover_v whether_o they_o shall_v contribute_v unto_o he_o that_o make_v the_o first_o 〈◊〉_d jacture_n after_o a_o jacture_n or_o cast_v over_o board_n if_o some_o of_o the_o good_n that_o be_v save_v be_v deteriorate_v damnify_v or_o make_v worse_o by_o these_o law_n it_o be_v consider_v whether_o they_o be_v so_o hurt_v by_o the_o ill_a stowage_n or_o by_o the_o dash_a of_o the_o water_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o jacture_n or_o by_o the_o uncover_v of_o they_o it_o be_v consider_v likewise_o whether_o the_o damage_n be_v more_o than_o the_o contribution_n will_v come_v to_o or_o the_o contribution_n will_v come_v to_o more_o than_o the_o damage_n be_v and_o then_o it_o be_v determine_v whether_o the_o damnify_v good_n shall_v contribute_v or_o not_o and_o if_o they_o shall_v gloss_n in_o what_o manner_n if_o a_o ship_n be_v split_v or_o any_o otherways_o cast_v away_o whether_o upon_o the_o sea_n or_o upon_o a_o port_n and_o the_o good_n some_o or_o all_o be_v preserve_v and_o save_v it_o be_v determine_v whether_o the_o good_n shall_v contribute_v to_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o amissa_fw-la ship_n or_o not_o if_o the_o mast_n of_o the_o ship_n whether_o upon_o the_o sea_n or_o upon_o the_o port_n be_v shiver_v into_o piece_n and_o the_o sail_n and_o other_o tacle_n be_v consume_v with_o lightning_n and_o the_o good_n by_o what_o mean_v soever_o preserve_v though_o by_o obtain_v new_a mast_n new_a sail_n and_o new_a tacle_n etc._n etc._n these_o law_n determine_v whither_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o good_n be_v to_o make_v depressa_fw-la contribution_n or_o not_o hereby_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o special_a case_n which_o be_v comprehend_v under_o one_o general_a law_n or_o head_n be_v very_o many_o and_o various_a and_o require_v various_a decision_n or_o judgement_n which_o be_v upon_o express_a reason_n by_o the_o civil_a and_o maritime_a law_n and_o commentator_n upon_o they_o most_o exquisite_o set_v forth_o as_o he_o that_o shall_v look_v thereinto_o shall_v find_v if_o one_o ship_n shall_v fall_v foul_a upon_o another_o either_o upon_o the_o high_a sea_n or_o upon_o any_o port_n or_o haven_n so_o that_o either_o or_o both_o of_o they_o have_v sustain_v hurt_v or_o damage_n the_o same_o law_n do_v most_o exquisite_o determine_v between_o they_o and_o under_o this_o head_n do_v likewise_o fall_v very_o many_o various_a case_n various_o by_o those_o law_n determine_v according_a and_o agreeable_a to_o most_o excellent_a reason_n 5._o if_o the_o mariner_n shall_v do_v damage_n to_o the_o merchant_n good_n â—s_n by_o draw_v out_o and_o drink_v up_o their_o wine_n etc._n etc._n whether_o they_o do_v it_o upon_o the_o sea_n or_o when_o the_o ship_n lie_v at_o anchor_n upon_o any_o port_n or_o haven_n the_o case_n be_v the_o same_o and_o the_o civil_a and_o maritime_a law_n determine_v what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v herein_o many_o general_a head_n more_o contain_v under_o they_o several_a various_a particular_n may_v be_v instance_a in_o but_o these_o be_v sufficient_a to_o show_v that_o the_o rhodian_a and_o maritime_a law_n be_v ordain_v as_o well_o for_o the_o determination_n of_o difference_n happen_v upon_o the_o port_n and_o havens_n as_o upon_o the_o high_a sea_n and_o have_v express_a law_n for_o the_o guide_n of_o the_o judgement_n therein_o which_o all_o nation_n do_v acknowledge_v and_o allow_v wherein_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n under_o correction_n be_v deficient_a chap._n x._o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n and_o other_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v constitute_v and_o ordain_v as_o well_o for_o the_o decision_n of_o controversy_n happen_v and_o arise_v from_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o port_n and_o havens_n as_o from_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o high_a sea_n by_o a_o record_n which_o i_o have_v before_o set_v down_o at_o large_a 4._o it_o appear_v that_o the_o law_n now_o call_v the_o law_n of_o oleron_n be_v ancient_a law_n and_o ancient_o practise_v for_o the_o regulate_v of_o maritime_a and_o sea_n affair_n in_o that_o maritime_a island_n and_o that_o those_o law_n be_v by_o richard_n the_o first_o king_n of_o england_n in_o his_o return_n from_o the_o holy_a land_n correct_v and_o interpret_v and_o in_o that_o island_n publish_v in_o the_o french_a tongue_n for_o that_o purpose_n and_o call_v la_fw-fr ley_fw-fr oleron_n in_o that_o this_o record_n say_v they_o be_v by_o he_o correcta_fw-la &_o interpretata_fw-la it_o plain_o appear_v that_o they_o be_v make_v before_o but_o whether_o then_o use_v in_o england_n or_o in_o that_o island_n only_o may_v seem_v doubtful_a however_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o record_n itself_o that_o after_o such_o correction_n and_o interpretation_n they_o be_v likewise_o publish_v in_o england_n and_o be_v ordinata_fw-la in_o edward_n the_o first_o be_v time_n and_o consummate_v in_o the_o 12_o year_n of_o edward_n 3_o now_o these_o law_n be_v thus_o establish_v do_v plain_o show_v that_o the_o admiral_n have_v and_o aught_o to_o have_v jurisdiction_n upon_o the_o port_n and_o havens_n as_o well_o as_o upon_o the_o high_a sea_n for_o that_o they_o do_v set_v forth_o what_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v in_o controversy_n arise_v as_o well_o from_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o one_o as_o the_o other_o i_o shall_v instance_n in_o some_o of_o they_o if_o a_o ship_n perish_v in_o any_o place_n whatsoever_o whether_o upon_o port_n or_o the_o main_a sea_n the_o law_n of_o oleron_n give_v direction_n what_o the_o
and_o other_o place_n that_o in_o express_a word_n it_o confirm_v same_o and_o further_o extend_v his_o power_n unto_o a_o twofold_a manner_n of_o trial_n of_o such_o offence_n commit_v within_o the_o same_o limit_n that_o to_o his_o jurisdiction_n former_o belong_v to_o make_v use_n of_o each_o as_o he_o shall_v see_v cause_n and_o the_o cognizance_n and_o trial_n of_o all_o offence_n of_o this_o nature_n whether_o commit_v upon_o the_o high_a sea_n or_o upon_o the_o port_n havens_n or_o creek_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o whether_o proceed_v against_o by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n or_o the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n have_v belong_v unto_o the_o admiral_n or_o admiral_n and_o his_o or_o their_o lieutenant_n or_o lieutenant_n judge_n or_o judge_n of_o the_o high_a court_n of_o the_o admiralty_n or_o judge_n of_o vice-admiralties_a and_o have_v be_v by_o they_o constant_o and_o continual_o practise_v and_o use_v i_o may_v here_o lead_v you_o into_o a_o labyrinth_n and_o so_o involve_v both_o myself_o and_o you_o in_o such_o a_o vast_a thicket_n of_o heap_n of_o ancient_a record_n which_o remain_v in_o the_o registries_n of_o our_o admiralty_n which_o plain_o set_v forth_o this_o constand_a and_o continue_a power_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n upon_o the_o port_n and_o havens_n that_o we_o shall_v in_o no_o short_a time_n nor_o with_o little_a labour_n get_v out_o again_o if_o i_o shall_v here_o go_v on_o where_o i_o leave_v in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o this_o treatise_n and_o endeavour_v to_o give_v you_o a_o view_n but_o of_o the_o patent_n only_o which_o several_a admiral_n of_o england_n have_v since_o edward_n the_o three_o time_n have_v they_o have_v from_o time_n to_o time_n have_v more_o plain_a and_o clear_a expression_n of_o the_o admiral_n right_a power_n authority_n and_o jurisdiction_n they_o have_v by_o that_o mean_v grow_v very_o large_a i_o shall_v too_o much_o swell_v this_o small_a treatise_n in_o prove_v that_o which_o will_v be_v by_o far_o short_a record_n more_o brief_o and_o yet_o plain_o enough_o make_v to_o appear_v therefore_o to_o spare_v my_o own_o labour_n in_o writing_n and_o transcribe_v these_o patent_n and_o you_o in_o read_v they_o i_o shall_v pitch_v upon_o some_o few_o other_o of_o the_o short_a record_n only_o of_o one_o year_n among_o above_o a_o hundred_o since_o the_o make_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n and_o that_o shall_v be_v the_o eight_o and_o twenty_o year_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n reign_n at_o which_o time_n all_o the_o judicatories_n of_o this_o nation_n be_v in_o as_o good_a perfection_n and_o absolute_a lustre_n and_o splendour_n for_o due_a observation_n of_o their_o just_a right_n and_o privilege_n as_o at_o any_o other_o time_n whatsoever_o in_o the_o 28_o year_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n against_o the_o session_n to_o be_v hold_v for_o the_o admiralty_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o commission_n ground_v upon_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o several_a precept_n or_o mandate_n issue_v out_o of_o the_o admiralty_n court_n unto_o several_a person_n for_o the_o summon_n and_o return_v of_o jury_n for_o the_o enquiry_n and_o trial_n of_o all_o such_o offence_n as_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o say_a statute_n whether_o commit_v upon_o the_o sea_n or_o upon_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n below_o london_n bridge_n towards_o the_o sea_n or_o upon_o the_o seashore_n wheresoever_o within_o the_o maritime_a jurisdiction_n and_o limit_n of_o the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n or_o elsewhere_o in_o or_o upon_o public_a river_n port_n creek_n or_o place_n overflow_v by_o the_o sea_n i_o shall_v here_o set_v down_o a_o copy_n of_o one_o of_o they_o only_o which_o bear_v date_n in_o the_o month_n of_o feb._n in_o the_o same_o year_n carolus_n 10._o dominus_fw-la howard_n baro_n de_fw-fr effingham_n praeclari_fw-la ordinis_fw-la garterii_fw-la mile_n magnus_fw-la admirallus_fw-la angliae_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la walliae_fw-la ac_fw-la dominiorum_fw-la &_o insularum_fw-la earundem_fw-la tenore_fw-la villae_fw-la calisiae_fw-la &_o merchiarum_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la gasconiae_fw-la aquitaniae_fw-la classium_fw-la &_o marium_fw-la dictorum_fw-la regnorum_fw-la angliae_fw-la praefectus_fw-la generalis_fw-la ac_fw-la socii_fw-la svi_fw-la justiciarii_fw-la serenissimae_fw-la dom_fw-la nostrae_fw-la reginae_fw-la suae_fw-la admirallitatis_fw-la angliae_fw-la ad_fw-la omne_fw-la &_o singula_fw-la proditiones_fw-la felonias_fw-la roberias_fw-la furta_fw-la murdera_fw-la homicidia_fw-la confederationes_fw-la delicta_fw-la piratica_fw-la spoliationes_fw-la depraedationes_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o delicta_fw-la quaecunquae_fw-la tam_fw-la in_fw-la aut_fw-la super_fw-la mare_fw-la vel_fw-la publico_fw-la flumine_fw-la thamise_n citra_fw-la pontem_fw-la civitatis_fw-la londini_fw-la versus_fw-la mare_fw-la quam_fw-la super_fw-la littus_fw-la maris_fw-la ubicunque_fw-la locornm_fw-la infra_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la maritimam_fw-la &_o limit_n jurisdictionis_fw-la admirallitatis_fw-la angliae_fw-la praedictae_fw-la vel_fw-la alibi_fw-la in_o aut_fw-la super_fw-la fluminibus_fw-la publicis_fw-la portibus_fw-la crecis_fw-la &_o locis_fw-la super_fw-la inundatis_fw-la quibuscunque_fw-la contra_fw-la pacem_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la domine_fw-la nostrae_fw-la reginae_fw-la atque_fw-la statuta_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o ordinationes_fw-la dicti_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la angliae_fw-la ac_fw-la commune_v leges_fw-la statuta_fw-la ac_fw-la ordinationes_fw-la maritimas_fw-la curiae_fw-la suae_fw-la admiralitatis_fw-la angliae_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la qualitercunque_fw-la habita_fw-la facta_fw-la attemptata_fw-la sive_fw-la commissa_fw-la &_o perpetrata_fw-la &_o vicecomiti_fw-la surr._n etc._n etc._n tihi_o praecipimus_fw-la etc._n etc._n quod_fw-la venire_fw-la facias_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o the_o like_a warrant_n or_o precept_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n direct_v unto_o the_o bailiff_n of_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n 32._o in_o the_o burrogh_n of_o southwark_n and_o likewise_o unto_o the_o bailiff_n of_o southwark_n another_o warrant_n be_v likewise_o direct_v unto_o jasper_n swift_a eod_a the_o then_o martial_a of_o the_o admiralty_n that_o he_o shall_v have_v richard_n jones_n osmund_n spark_n john_n barnard_n humphrey_n hood_n and_o thomas_n seal_v commit_v for_o piracy_n and_o felony_n by_o they_o do_v upon_o the_o sea_n and_o upon_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n below_o bridge_n towards_o the_o sea_n before_o the_o say_a court_n in_o these_o word_n carolus_n domminus_n howard_n 29._o etc._n etc._n ut_fw-la in_o superdicto_fw-la praecepto_fw-la jaspero_n swift_n curiae_fw-la admirallitatis_fw-la angliae_fw-la mariscallo_fw-la tibi_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la quod_fw-la richardium_fw-la jones_n osmund_n spark_n johannem_fw-la barnard_n humfridum_n hood_n &_o thomam_fw-la seal_n in_fw-la custodia_fw-la militis_fw-la macresc_n &_o modo_fw-la detent_a &_o existent_a nuper_fw-la de_fw-la pyratiis_fw-la &_o feloniis_fw-la per_fw-la ipsos_fw-la super_fw-la mare_fw-la &_o rivum_fw-la thamiseos_fw-la infra_fw-la pontem_fw-la etc._n etc._n coram_fw-la etc._n etc._n habeas_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o there_o be_v then_o divers_a other_o pirate_n and_o other_o offender_n in_o the_o marshalsey_n another_o warrant_n be_v direct_v unto_o the_o knight_n marshal_n keeper_n of_o that_o prison_n to_o have_v all_o and_o singular_a the_o pirate_n and_o other_o offender_n before_o the_o say_a court_n which_o warrant_v likewise_o run_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o former_a 33._o viz._n carolus_n howard_n etc._n etc._n tibi_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la quod_fw-la tertio_fw-la die_v octob._n etc._n etc._n coram_fw-la etc._n etc._n omnes_fw-la &_o singulos_fw-la pyratas_fw-la etc._n etc._n habeas_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o upon_o return_n of_o the_o say_a warrant_n several_a indictment_n be_v prefer_v against_o several_a person_n for_o several_a piracy_n and_o other_o offence_n commit_v upon_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n below_o the_o bridge_n beside_o such_o indictment_n as_o be_v prefer_v against_o pirate_n and_o robber_n upon_o other_o navigable_a river_n and_o at_o high_a sea_n one_o against_o conray_a bow_n for_o that_o upon_o the_o 20_o of_o february_n he_o with_o a_o certain_a wherry_n upon_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n do_v enter_v upon_o and_o into_o a_o certain_a light_a lie_v over_o against_o debtford_n etc._n etc._n upon_o the_o same_o etc._n etc._n do_v etc._n etc._n inquiratur_fw-la pro_fw-la dom._n reginâ_fw-la si_fw-la conraye_v bowes_n nuper_fw-la grenwici_fw-la in_o comitatu_fw-la kantiae_fw-la watermanus_fw-la 14._o vicesimo_fw-la die_fw-la mens_fw-la februarii_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la dom._n nostrae_fw-la elizabeth_n dei_fw-la gratia_fw-la angliae_fw-la francia_fw-la &_o hiberniae_fw-la nunc_fw-la reginae_fw-la fidei_fw-la defensoris_fw-la etc._n etc._n vicesimo_fw-la octavo_fw-la in_fw-la cymbâ_fw-la quadam_fw-la vectoria_fw-la vocata_fw-la a_o wherry_n super_fw-la publicum_fw-la flumen_fw-la thamiseos_fw-la infra_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la maritimam_fw-la praefatae_fw-la dom._n nostrae_fw-la reginae_fw-la suae_fw-la admiralitatis_fw-la angliae_fw-la intention_n malevola_fw-la existent_n ac_fw-la deum_fw-la prae_fw-la oculis_fw-la suis_fw-la non_fw-la habens_fw-la sed_fw-la instigatione_fw-la diabolica_fw-la seductus_fw-la circa_fw-la mediam_fw-la noctem_fw-la cymbam_fw-la quandam_fw-la vectoriam_fw-la dictam_fw-la a_o lyght_a tunc_fw-la super_fw-la publico_fw-la flumine_fw-la rivi_fw-la thamiseos_fw-la ex_fw-la opposito_fw-la depforde_n creek_n infra_fw-la
several_a county_n and_o touch_v upon_o by_o the_o bank_n thereof_o can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v within_o the_o body_n of_o either_o of_o those_o county_n or_o so_o much_o as_o the_o least_o member_n part_n or_o parcel_n thereof_o or_o so_o much_o as_o proper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v within_o the_o skirt_n thereof_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o many_o particular_a statute_n and_o new_a law_n have_v be_v make_v direct_v such_o and_o such_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v or_o not_o do_v either_o by_o sea_n or_o upon_o any_o port_n or_o haven_n which_o by_o the_o civil_a and_o maritime_a law_n have_v not_o be_v former_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n or_o perhaps_o not_o so_o full_o direct_v and_o the_o cognizance_n of_o such_o matter_n by_o the_o same_o statute_n and_o law_n may_v seem_v to_o belong_v unto_o other_o court_n as_o well_o as_o unto_o the_o admiralty_n by_o reason_n whereof_o some_o have_v often_o reach_v at_o all_o and_o have_v strive_v to_o hold_v more_o in_o one_o hand_n then_o they_o can_v grasp_v in_o both_o their_o arm_n but_o such_o thing_n both_o upon_o the_o sea_n and_o upon_o the_o port_n and_o havens_n as_o have_v be_v ancient_o determine_v by_o the_o admiralty_n according_a to_o the_o law_n civil_a and_o maritime_a have_v not_o be_v by_o such_o statute_n or_o new_a law_n real_o take_v therefrom_o nor_o be_v ever_o intend_v to_o be_v but_o the_o same_o have_v be_v constitute_v and_o make_v in_o affirmance_n of_o the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o that_o court_n as_o well_o upon_o the_o port_n and_o havens_n as_o upon_o the_o high_a sea_n and_o have_v be_v by_o express_a word_n continue_v thereunto_o and_o the_o cognizance_n of_o many_o such_o matter_n by_o such_o new_a law_n appoint_v have_v be_v direct_v unto_o that_o court_n i_o shall_v instance_n only_o in_o one_o statute_n that_o show_v the_o same_o and_o then_o leave_v this_o subject_n and_o break_v myself_o unto_o another_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 32_o hen._n 8._o cap._n 14._o a_o rate_n be_v set_v what_o shall_v be_v pay_v for_o the_o freight_n or_o portage_n of_o several_a particular_a sort_n of_o merchandize_n from_o the_o port_n of_o london_n to_o other_o place_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o london_n and_o this_o be_v a_o thing_n mutable_a which_o can_v not_o be_v former_o settle_v for_o a_o perpetual_a law_n according_a to_o any_o rule_n or_o law_n civil_a or_o maritime_a though_o the_o like_a have_v be_v former_o do_v by_o the_o admiralty_n pro_fw-la tempore_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o the_o inquisition_n take_v at_o quinborow_n and_o the_o other_o statute_n and_o article_n of_o the_o admiralty_n before_o several_a time_n mention_v the_o cognizance_n of_o the_o excessive_a freight_n take_v for_o transportation_n of_o these_o particular_a sort_n of_o merchandize_n be_v by_o the_o same_o statute_n to_o be_v take_v in_o the_o court_n at_o westminster_n as_o for_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o double_a value_n of_o the_o freight_n so_o take_v the_o one_o half_a to_o the_o king_n the_o other_o half_o to_o the_o informer_n yet_o the_o excessive_a rate_n for_o freight_n in_o general_n take_v for_o transportation_n of_o any_o good_n whatsoever_o and_o from_o and_o to_o any_o port_n or_o place_n whatsoever_o have_v be_v punishable_a by_o the_o admiralty_n that_o power_n be_v no_o more_o take_v from_o that_o court_n by_o this_o clause_n than_o the_o trial_n of_o piracy_n etc._n etc._n by_o the_o civil_a and_o maritime_a law_n be_v from_o thence_o take_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o h._n 8._o 27._o cap._n 4._o &_o a_o 28._o cap._n 15._o which_o give_v a_o power_n to_o that_o court_n to_o try_v the_o same_o offence_n after_o another_o manner_n which_o be_v a_o thing_n by_o all_o of_o both_o profession_n acknowledge_v another_o clause_n there_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o say_a statute_n that_o if_o any_o stranger_n denizen_n or_o not_o denizen_n shall_v lade_v on_o board_n any_o english_a bottom_n any_o of_o their_o good_n ware_n and_o merchandize_v to_o be_v transport_v to_o any_o foreign_a port_n that_o they_o shall_v pay_v no_o other_o custom_n or_o subsidy_n therefore_o than_o such_o as_o the_o english_a pay_v but_o in_o case_n that_o they_o do_v lay_v their_o say_a good_n ware_n and_o merchandize_v aboard_o the_o ship_n or_o vessel_n of_o foreigner_n than_o they_o shall_v pay_v such_o custom_n or_o subsidy_n as_o have_v be_v usual_o pay_v by_o foreigner_n this_o be_v a_o thing_n new_o by_o that_o statute_n appoint_v and_o not_o determine_v former_o by_o the_o civil_a and_o maritime_a law_n whereby_o the_o admiralty_n proceed_v yet_o be_v it_o by_o the_o same_o statute_n provide_v that_o if_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o such_o ship_n or_o vessel_n of_o england_n or_o dominion_n of_o the_o same_o at_z or_o in_o the_o port_n haven_n or_o place_v where_o the_o say_v stranger_n alien_n or_o denizen_n their_o servant_n or_o factor_n will_v fraught_v or_o lade_v their_o ware_n and_o merchandize_n towards_o the_o outward_a region_n that_o then_o if_o the_o say_a stranger_n or_o denizen_n their_o factor_n attorney_n or_o servant_n before_o he_o or_o they_o do_v lade_v freight_n or_o convey_v the_o say_v good_n ware_n commodity_n or_o merchandise_n into_o any_o strange_a ship_n or_o vessel_n do_v notify_v and_o declare_v the_o same_o lack_n or_o want_v of_o such_o english_a ship_n or_o vessel_n unto_o the_o lord_n high_a admiral_n of_o england_n for_o the_o time_n be_v or_o his_o lieutenant_n deputy_n or_o deputy_n if_o etc._n etc._n and_o do_v obtain_v his_o or_o their_o certificate_n to_o be_v make_v under_o his_o or_o their_o seal_n to_o who_o such_o notice_n or_o declaration_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o lack_n and_o want_v of_o such_o english_a ship_n and_o vessel_n that_o then_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o they_o to_o freight_n and_o lade_v their_o say_a ware_n and_o merchandise_n in_o any_o strange_a ship_n or_o vessel_n at_o that_o time_n be_v in_o the_o same_o port_n or_o haven_n and_o to_o pay_v none_o other_o susidy_n or_o custom_n therefore_o but_o as_o the_o english_a merchant_n do_v use_v and_o aught_o to_o do_v by_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o england_n and_o it_o be_v enact_v by_o the_o say_a statute_n that_o the_o owner_n and_o owner_n master_n and_o master_n and_o other_o governor_n or_o governor_n of_o ship_n and_o every_o of_o they_o to_o his_o or_o their_o power_n and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o or_o they_o shall_v be_v shall_v provide_v that_o all_o ware_n and_o merchandise_n which_o shall_v be_v by_o merchant_n their_o factor_n or_o servant_n or_o any_o of_o they_o bring_v into_o any_o ship_n or_o vessel_n shall_v be_v honest_o and_o in_o good_a order_n save_v and_o keep_v and_o under_o that_o clause_n it_o be_v provide_v that_o if_o any_o merchant_n stranger_n or_o other_o find_v himself_o aggrieve_v or_o damnify_v by_o negligent_a keep_n of_o the_o say_a merchandise_n or_o ware_n or_o by_o long_a delay_n or_o protract_v of_o the_o time_n in_o take_v the_o voyage_n by_o the_o say_a owner_n his_o factor_n master_n or_o any_o the_o mariner_n of_o the_o say_a ship_n otherwise_o then_o shall_v be_v agree_v betwixt_o the_o say_a merchant_n his_o factor_n it_o attorney_n or_o servant_n and_o master_n or_o owner_n in_o or_o by_o the_o say_a charter-party_n not_o be_v let_v by_o wind_n or_o weather_n shall_v and_o may_v have_v his_o remedy_n by_o way_n of_o complaint_n before_o the_o lord_n admiral_n of_o england_n for_o the_o time_n be_v his_o lieutenant_n or_o deputy_n against_o the_o say_a owner_n or_o owner_n master_n or_o master_n governor_n or_o governor_n or_o he_o or_o their_o factor_n or_o factor_n which_o lord_n admiral_n for_o the_o time_n be_v his_o lieutenant_n or_o deputy_n shall_v and_o may_v summary_o and_o without_o delay_n take_v such_o order_n and_o give_v such_o direction_n therein_o as_o shall_v be_v think_v to_o he_o or_o their_o discretion_n most_o convenient_a and_o according_a to_o right_n and_o justice_n in_o that_o behalf_n 2._o which_o be_v in_o affirmance_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n before_o mention_v but_o mr._n poulton_n render_v this_o statute_n obsolete_a and_o for_o the_o first_o part_n of_o it_o which_o set_v a_o rate_n what_o shall_v be_v pay_v for_o the_o freight_n or_o portage_n of_o good_n and_o merchandise_n from_o the_o port_n of_o london_n to_o other_o place_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o london_n i_o must_v needs_o agree_v with_o he_o that_o the_o same_o may_v or_o necessary_o must_v be_v obsolete_a and_o out_o of_o use_n for_o that_o since_o the_o time_n of_o make_v of_o the_o say_a statute_n the_o rate_n and_o prize_n for_o cable_n anchor_n and_o other_o tackle_n furniture_n victual_n and_o other_o provision_n have_v be_v much_o alter_v and_o increase_v nor_o indeed_o be_v or_o can_v the_o ship_n themselves_o
of_o those_o municipal_a law_n the_o old_a shall_v be_v decide_v no_o more_o be_v those_o controversy_n which_o do_v arise_v concern_v maritime_a and_o sea_n affair_n to_o be_v determine_v by_o those_o municipal_a law_n but_o by_o their_o maritime_a law_n by_o which_o they_o trade_v one_o nation_n with_o another_o and_o which_o be_v general_o the_o same_o and_o not_o municipal_a as_o be_v before_o more_o full_o set_v forth_o 14._o for_o further_a satisfaction_n vide_fw-la caput_fw-la 10._o huius_fw-la libri_fw-la tertii_fw-la chap._n ii_o the_o argument_n deduce_v out_o of_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 13_o r._n 2._o c._n 5._o to_o prove_v that_o maritime_a contract_n make_v at_o land_n concern_v maritime_a affair_n be_v not_o tryable_a in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n answer_v for_o the_o take_n away_o the_o cognizance_n of_o contract_n make_v at_o land_n concern_v maritime_a affair_n from_o the_o admiralty_n court_n the_o statute_n of_o the_o 13_o of_o r._n 2._o c._n 5._o the_o 15_o of_o r._n 2._o c._n 3._o and_o the_o 2_o of_o h._n 4._o c._n 11._o 22._o be_v urge_v by_o sir_n edward_n coke_n in_o his_o before_o mention_v 22th_o chapter_n of_o his_o jurisdiction_n of_o court_n i_o shall_v take_v they_o in_o order_n the_o first_o of_o they_o he_o render_v thus_o 22._o that_o the_o admiral_n and_o their_o deputy_n shall_v not_o meddle_v from_o henceforth_o with_o any_o thing_n do_v within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n but_o only_o with_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o that_o which_o have_v be_v due_o use_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o noble_a king_n edward_n grandfather_n to_o richard_n the_o second_o by_o which_o say_v he_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n be_v only_o confine_v to_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o sea_n and_o true_o take_v only_o these_o word_n it_o may_v very_o well_o seem_v so_o to_o be_v sed_fw-la tota_fw-la lex_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la suis_fw-la partibus_fw-la diligenter_fw-la prospicienda_fw-la est_fw-la 〈…〉_z &_o incivile_a est_fw-la inquit_fw-la celsus_n nisi_fw-la tota_fw-la lege_fw-la prolecta_fw-la de_fw-la una_fw-la aliqua_fw-la particula_fw-la ejus_fw-la proposita_fw-la judicare_fw-la vel_fw-la respondere_fw-la take_v we_o then_o the_o statute_n whole_o as_o it_o be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o parliament_n roll_v in_o the_o tower_n 〈…〉_z and_o then_o to_o the_o best_a of_o my_o understanding_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o mistranslation_n have_v breed_v a_o misconstruction_n and_o wrong_a interpretation_n thereof_o these_o ancient_a statute_n be_v make_v by_o way_n of_o petition_n and_o answer_n and_o so_o remain_v still_o upon_o the_o roll_n here_o be_v set_v down_o only_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o petition_n but_o not_o one_o word_n of_o the_o petition_n to_o which_o the_o answer_n have_v relation_n et_fw-la cum_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la satis_fw-la ad_fw-la investigationem_fw-la juris_fw-la si_fw-la verborum_fw-la superficiem_fw-la teneamus_fw-la sed_fw-la interius_fw-la respicienda_fw-la est_fw-la mens_fw-la legislatoris_fw-la quâ_fw-la ratione_fw-la motus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la ad_fw-la statuendum_fw-la aliquid_fw-la ut_fw-la affirmat_fw-la 〈…〉_z oldendorpius_fw-la loco_fw-la praecitato_n certè_fw-la nullo_n modo_fw-la sunt_fw-la vestiganda_fw-la jura_fw-la si_fw-la verborum_fw-la omnium_fw-la ne_fw-la quidem_fw-la superficiem_fw-la istam_fw-la aut_fw-la teneamus_fw-la aut_fw-la habeamus_fw-la nec_fw-la quovismodo_fw-la est_fw-la intelligenda_fw-la mens_fw-la legislatoris_fw-la quâ_fw-la ratione_fw-la motus_fw-la fuit_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la statuendum_fw-la dum_fw-la abscondita_fw-la sit_fw-la petitio_fw-la super_fw-la quâ_fw-la fundatur_fw-la statutum_fw-la scire_fw-la leges_fw-la inquit_fw-la celsus_n non_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la verba_fw-la eorum_fw-la tenere_fw-la sed_fw-la vim_o &_o potestatem_fw-la habere_fw-la l._n scire_fw-la leges_fw-la f._n de_fw-fr legibus_fw-la quedcunque_fw-la igitur_fw-la negligere_fw-la est_fw-la legum_fw-la vim_o potestatemque_fw-la destruere_fw-la leges_fw-la i_o shall_v therefore_o first_o set_v down_o both_o the_o petition_n and_o answer_v as_o i_o find_v they_o in_o the_o tower_n roll_n and_o then_o under_o correction_n examine_v the_o true_a construction_n and_o interpretation_n of_o they_o according_a to_o the_o best_a of_o my_o ability_n the_o word_n be_v these_o item_n prient_a les_fw-fr comes_fw-la que_fw-fr come_v les_fw-fr admiral_n &_o lour_v deputy_n tiegnent_fw-la lour_v session_n en_fw-fr diverse_n place_v dein_n le_v royalme_a si_fw-fr bien_fw-fr dein_n franchise_n come_v the_o horse_n accrochant_fw-fr au_fw-fr eux_fw-fr plus_fw-fr grant_n poaire_fw-fr que_fw-fr a_fw-fr lour_v office_n nappertinent_a en_fw-fr pray_fw-mi judice_fw-la nostre_fw-fr sieunr_fw-fr '_o le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr &_o le_fw-fr come_fw-mi ley_fw-fr du_fw-fr royalme_n &_o grant_v enblemishment_n de_fw-fr plusour_n diverse_v franchise_n en_fw-fr destruction_n &_o empourissiment_n del_o '_o come_fw-mi people_n que_fw-fr please_v ordain_v &_o estable_a lour_v poaire_fw-fr en_fw-fr cest_fw-fr persent_a parliament_n quill_n ne_fw-la sic_fw-la mellent_fw-la nempriegnent_fw-la sureux_fw-fr connisance_n the_o null_v contract_n covenance_n regrater_n etc._n etc._n que_fw-fr con_fw-mi ques_fw-fr les_fw-fr quex_fw-la divent_fw-fr &_o purrant_n estre_fw-fr termine_n devant_fw-fr auter_n jugges_n nostre_fw-fr sur_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr dein_n les_fw-fr quatre_fw-fr miers_fw-fr dengleterre_fw-fr dein_n franchise_n &_o the_o horse_n etc._n etc._n r._n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr voit_fw-fr que_fw-fr les_fw-fr admiral_n &_o lour_v deputy_n ne_fw-la soi_fw-fr mellent_fw-fr de_fw-fr sore_n ena_fw-la vaunt_v the_o thursday_n choose_v fait_fw-fr dein_n le_fw-fr roylme_n mes_fw-fr solemet_fw-la de_fw-la choose_v fait_fw-fr sur_fw-fr le_fw-fr mere_a solonc_fw-fr ce_fw-fr que_fw-fr ad_fw-la estre_fw-fr duement_fw-fr use_n en_fw-fr temps_fw-fr du_fw-fr noble_a roy_fw-fr edward_n aiel_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr sunr_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr quor_a 41._o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o petition_n have_v set_v forth_o that_o the_o admiral_n keep_v their_o session_n in_o divers_a place_n in_o the_o realm_n as_o well_o within_o the_o liberty_n as_o without_o have_v encroach_v to_o themselves_o great_a power_n than_o belong_v unto_o their_o office_n etc._n etc._n then_o so_o much_o of_o the_o prayer_n of_o the_o petition_n as_o be_v grant_v consist_v in_o these_o word_n quill_n ne_fw-la sic_fw-la mellent_fw-la nem_fw-la pregnent_fw-la sur_fw-fr eux_fw-fr conisance_n de_fw-fr null_v contract_n covenance_n regrate_v etc._n etc._n que_fw-fr con_fw-mi ques_fw-fr les_fw-fr ceux_fw-fr divent_fw-fr &_o purrant_n estre_fw-fr termine_n devant_fw-fr autres_fw-fr jugge_n nostre_fw-fr sur_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr dein_n les_fw-fr quatre_fw-fr miers_fw-fr dengleterre_fw-fr dein_n franchise_n &_o the_o horse_n 41._o they_o pray_v that_o the_o admiral_n may_v not_o so_o meddle_v or_o encroach_v upon_o the_o cognizance_n of_o contract_n covenant_n regrater_n etc._n etc._n determinable_a before_o other_o the_o king_n judge_n within_o the_o four_o sea_n of_o england_n within_o franchise_n and_o without_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o petition_n be_v not_o grant_v but_o tacit_o deny_v and_o this_o part_n be_v thus_o answer_v by_o the_o king_n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr vort_fw-la que_fw-fr les_fw-fr admiral_n &_o lour_v deputy_n ne_fw-la soi_fw-fr mellent_fw-fr etc._n etc._n this_o sir_n edward_n coke_n positive_o without_o any_o relation_n to_o the_o petition_n render_v in_o the_o word_n before_o set_v down_o viz._n the_o admiral_n and_o their_o deputy_n shall_v not_o meddle_v from_o henceforth_o with_o any_o thing_n do_v within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n but_o only_o with_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o sea_n which_o poulton_n more_o true_o render_v thus_o but_o still_o without_o relation_n to_o the_o petition_n that_o the_o admiral_n and_o their_o deputy_n shall_v not_o meddle_v from_o henceforth_o of_o any_o thing_n do_v within_o the_o realm_n but_o only_o of_o a_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o sea_n render_v of_o for_o with_o which_o be_v the_o more_o proper_a signification_n of_o the_o and_o will_v as_o i_o conceive_v bring_v home_o the_o true_a construction_n of_o the_o answer_n with_o relation_n to_o the_o petition_n to_o which_o it_o have_v and_o necessary_o must_v have_v reference_n it_o have_v be_v affirm_v unto_o i_o by_o some_o professor_n of_o the_o common_a law_n that_o the_o king_n upon_o a_o petition_n never_o grant_v more_o than_o be_v desire_v by_o the_o petition_n and_o that_o that_o which_o be_v grant_v more_o than_o be_v desire_v be_v void_a in_o law_n but_o that_o i_o leave_v to_o the_o determination_n of_o such_o as_o be_v of_o their_o own_o profession_n but_o the_o same_o thing_n have_v be_v note_v unto_o i_o as_o a_o rule_n from_o many_o expert_a recordman_n more_o especial_o from_o my_o old_a decease_a friend_n master_n w._n c._n not_o long_o before_o his_o death_n then_o above_o 80_o year_n of_o age_n viz._n that_o the_o king_n in_o parliament_n never_o grant_v more_o than_o be_v ask_v many_o time_n less_o who_o affirm_v that_o this_o in_o his_o young_a time_n he_o have_v take_v for_o a_o rule_n from_o those_o that_o be_v then_o ancient_a but_o this_o answer_n here_o be_v set_v down_o positive_o alone_a without_o the_o petition_n or_o any_o relation_n thereunto_o have_v as_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o
recite_v the_o say_v three_o before_o mention_a statute_n praedictus_fw-la tamen_fw-la thomas_n praemissorum_fw-la non_fw-la ignarus_fw-la sed_fw-la machinans_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la ipsum_fw-la philippum_fw-la contra_fw-la debitam_fw-la legis_fw-la huius_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la formam_fw-la et_fw-la contra_fw-la formam_fw-la et_fw-la effectum_fw-la statutorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n traxit_fw-la in_o placitum_fw-la falsè_fw-la caute_fw-la et_fw-la subdolè_fw-la libellando_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la admirallitatis_fw-la etc._n etc._n cujus_fw-la quidem_fw-la suggestionis_fw-la praetextu_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o upon_o the_o 3._o of_o april_n 7_o jacobi_n within_o the_o body_n of_o the_o county_n of_o london_n viz._n in_o the_o parish_n of_o st._n marry_o de_fw-fr bow_o in_o the_o ward_n le_fw-fr cheap_a and_o not_o upon_o the_o high_a sea_n nor_o within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n court_n of_o england_n he_o by_o his_o certain_a bill_n obligatory_a seal_v with_o his_o seal_n as_o his_o deed_n then_o and_o there_o deliver_v unto_o one_o thomas_n alport_n bear_v date_n the_o same_o day_n and_o year_n do_v bind_v himself_o his_o heir_n etc._n etc._n to_o pay_v unto_o the_o say_v thomas_n his_o heir_n etc._n etc._n at_o any_o time_n upon_o demand_n the_o sum_n of_o 275_o l._n and_o 6_o s._n of_o lawful_a money_n of_o england_n and_o allege_v the_o three_o before_o mention_a statute_n and_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o say_a thomas_n not_o be_v ignorant_a thereof_o etc._n etc._n have_v bring_v his_o suit_n in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o the_o say_a debt_n upon_o the_o say_a bill_n obligatory_a contrary_n to_o the_o form_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o form_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n and_o thereupon_o obtain_v a_o prohibition_n but_o upon_o the_o 20_o day_n of_o june_n in_o the_o ten_o year_n of_o king_n james_n it_o be_v make_v appear_v by_o the_o libel_n and_o bill_n obligatory_a that_o the_o same_o be_v make_v beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o respect_n of_o a_o maritime_a business_n have_v and_o do_v at_o sea_n the_o say_a prohibition_n be_v release_v by_o consultation_n which_o conclude_v that_o the_o prohibition_n be_v to_o the_o grievous_a damage_n of_o the_o say_v thomas_n alport_n and_o manifest_a wrong_n of_o the_o court_n of_o the_o admiralty_n and_o say_v the_o proceed_n in_o that_o cause_n in_o the_o say_a admiralty_n court_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v delay_v et_fw-la quia_fw-la videtur_fw-la praefatis_fw-la judiciariis_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la certis_fw-la caeusis_fw-la ipsos_fw-la specialiter_fw-la moventibus_fw-la quod_fw-la processus_fw-la in_o praedicta_fw-la curia_fw-la admirallitatis_fw-la in_o praedicta_fw-la causa_fw-la ad_fw-la prosecutionem_fw-la praedicti_fw-la thomae_fw-la ulterius_fw-la retardari_fw-la non_fw-la debet_fw-la ideo_fw-la vobis_fw-la etc._n etc._n t._n e._n coke_n apud_fw-la westm_n xx_o die_v junii_fw-la anno_fw-la domini_fw-la nostri_fw-la angliae_fw-la francia_fw-la &_o hiberniae_fw-la decimo_fw-la &_o scotiae_fw-la quadragesimo_fw-la quinto_fw-la crompton_n but_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o many_o more_o prohibition_n have_v be_v grant_v out_o of_o both_o the_o say_a court_n at_o westminster_n as_o well_o in_o cause_n of_o this_o nature_n as_o in_o cause_n for_o thing_n do_v upon_o port_n and_o havens_n upon_o which_o consultation_n have_v not_o be_v have_v and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o in_o latter_a time_n there_o have_v but_o it_o have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v when_o the_o party_n have_v agree_v and_o the_o cause_n compound_v and_o so_o no_o consultation_n pray_v or_o seek_v for_o if_o otherwise_o let_v no_o man_n brag_v of_o that_o which_o have_v be_v do_v which_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v do_v but_o another_o cause_n may_v be_v give_v and_o that_o be_v this_o that_o the_o civilian_n not_o be_v suffer_v there_o to_o plead_v the_o right_n of_o jurisdiction_n belong_v to_o the_o admiralty_n the_o same_o have_v not_o be_v undertake_v by_o any_o practiser_n in_o those_o court_n and_o if_o undertake_v yet_o plead_v but_o cold_o against_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o their_o own_o court_n howsoever_o i_o do_v conceive_v that_o the_o procedendoe_v out_o of_o the_o chancery_n and_o the_o consultation_n out_o of_o the_o king_n bench_n and_o common_a plea_n which_o i_o have_v in_o this_o and_o the_o second_o book_n of_o this_o treatise_n set_v forth_o though_o i_o may_v have_v instance_a in_o very_a many_o more_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o determine_v the_o right_n of_o jurisdiction_n as_o well_o in_o cause_n of_o the_o one_o nature_n as_o of_o the_o other_o against_o the_o say_a several_a court_n from_o whence_o such_o supersedease_n and_o prohibition_n be_v grant_v i_o will_v not_o say_v but_o that_o the_o admiralty_n court_n may_v sometime_o have_v intermedle_v with_o contract_n make_v at_o land_n arise_v from_o business_n do_v or_o to_o be_v do_v or_o perform_v at_o land_n which_o be_v here_o in_o england_n as_o it_o be_v to_o take_v cattle_n from_o a_o pasture_n and_o put_v into_o the_o sea_n to_o feed_v and_o in_o such_o case_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o a_o prohibition_n may_v lie_v which_o shall_v not_o be_v dissolve_v by_o consultation_n but_o by_o prohibition_n to_o take_v business_n of_o the_o port_n and_o havens_n or_o contract_v make_v at_o land_n concern_v maritime_a affair_n from_o the_o admiralty_n to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o common-law_n of_o the_o land_n be_v to_o take_v fish_n out_o of_o the_o sea_n to_o be_v keep_v alive_a and_o feed_v upon_o pasture_n or_o in_o some_o forest_n or_o park_n at_o land_n for_o i_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n out_o of_o many_o show_v you_o some_o few_o of_o those_o exact_a rule_n the_o civil_a law_n have_v to_o proceed_v by_o in_o cause_n of_o this_o nature_n beside_o the_o law_n i_o have_v before_o mention_v which_o the_o common-law_n have_v not_o chap._n x._o that_o divers_a and_o several_a of_o the_o law_n under_o 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direction_n of_o his_o demesne_n and_o receipt_n and_o the_o administration_n of_o common_a justice_n continue_v still_o in_o that_o high_a court_n of_o justice_n and_o equity_n which_o do_v then_o and_o a_o long_a time_n after_o as_o well_o as_o before_o the_o conquest_n follow_v the_o king_n himself_o and_o for_o proof_n thereof_o he_o quote_v gervasius_n tilburiensis_n who_o write_v many_o observation_n upon_o the_o exchequer_n which_o he_o dedicate_v to_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o and_o be_v yet_o remain_v in_o the_o receipt_n under_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o chamberlain_n of_o the_o exchequer_n in_o the_o black_a book_n there_o but_o because_o as_o mr._n lambard_n say_v some_o contend_v to_o maintain_v that_o the_o exchequer_n be_v in_o those_o day_n a_o court_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o plea_n for_o all_o subject_n whatsoever_o and_o that_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o their_o assertion_n they_o do_v allege_v the_o title_n of_o mr._n glanvil_n book_n in_o part_n thus_o 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and_o again_o they_o have_v not_o take_v in_o all_o the_o word_n of_o that_o title_n which_o do_v follow_v but_o have_v leave_v out_o these_o viz._n do_fw-mi et_fw-la coram_fw-la judiciariis_fw-la ubicunque_fw-la fuerint_fw-la which_o be_v so_o the_o king_n bench_n or_o court_n which_o then_o follow_v the_o king_n must_v needs_o be_v herein_o comprehend_v and_o include_v and_o the_o whole_a title_n be_v collect_v thus_o tractatus_fw-la de_fw-la legibus_fw-la de_fw-fr tempore_fw-la henrici_fw-la secundi_fw-la compositus_fw-la ab_fw-la illustri_fw-la viro_fw-la ranulpho_n de_fw-fr glanvile_n juris_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o antiquarum_fw-la consuetudinum_fw-la eo_fw-la tempore_fw-la peritissimo_fw-la &_o eas_fw-la solùm_fw-la leges_fw-la continet_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la secundum_fw-la quas_fw-la placitatur_fw-la in_o curiâ_fw-la regis_fw-la ad_fw-la scaccarium_n &_o coram_fw-la justiciariis_fw-la ubicunque_fw-la fuerint_fw-la then_o do_v this_o title_n make_v no_o argument_n for_o the_o 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