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because_o he_o be_v crown_v with_o three_o crown_n one_o of_o iron_n at_o aquisgrane_fw-la one_o of_o silver_n at_o milan_n and_o one_o of_o gold_n at_o st._n peter_n church_n gloss._n ad_fw-la clement_n 1._o and_o since_o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o be_v but_o emperor_n in_o hope_n debate_v with_o other_o king_n as_o in_o anno_fw-la 1533._o he_o who_o be_v actual_a emperor_n aught_o to_o be_v prefer_v to_o they_o for_o the_o emperor_n it_o be_v also_o pretend_a that_o in_o the_o ottomon_a court_n and_o in_o all_o other_o court_n the_o emperor_n ambassador_n be_v still_o prefer_v and_o that_o he_o only_o be_v still_o style_v your_o majesty_n in_o all_o address_n make_v to_o he_o by_o all_o other_o king_n as_o by_o france_n anno_fw-la 1628._o by_o pole_n anno_fw-la 1621._o etc._n etc._n and_o that_o the_o king_n of_o pole_n sweden_n denmark_n and_o other_o have_v take_v confirmation_n from_o he_o &_o ab_fw-la eo_fw-la petierunt_fw-la veniam_fw-la aetatis_fw-la hear_a de_fw-fr 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he_o have_v right_o to_o all_o the_o precedency_n which_o france_n can_v acclaim_v and_o to_o spain_n the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v prefer_v in_o the_o general_a council_n of_o pisa_n constans_n and_o basil._n i_o find_v likewise_o in_o golstad_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 30._o that_o pope_n julius_n the_o ii_o decide_v after_o debate_n in_o favour_n of_o henry_n the_o ii_o king_n of_o england_n against_o ferdinand_n the_o v._o caspar_n eup._n thesaur_n polit_fw-la part_n 3._o apot_n 63._o and_o therefore_o in_o the_o book_n of_o roman_a ceremony_n 1504_o england_n be_v place_v before_o castil_v nor_o can_v it_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o charles_n the_o v._o in_o rank_v the_o knight_n of_o the_o golden_a fleece_n do_v give_v the_o right_a hand_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o the_o leave_v to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n and_o though_o of_o late_a the_o court_n of_o rome_n have_v decide_v in_o favour_n of_o spain_n yet_o that_o proceed_v from_o the_o dislike_n that_o rome_n have_v to_o england_n for_o its_o separation_n and_o the_o great_a esteem_n which_o daily_o grow_v there_o for_o spain_n because_o spain_n have_v never_o indulge_v any_o who_o have_v leave_v the_o romish_a church_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o precedency_n due_a to_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n i_o must_v here_o crave_v leave_n to_o say_v that_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n may_v just_o claim_v the_o precedency_n from_o all_o those_o king_n as_o he_o be_v proper_o king_n of_o scotland_n for_o it_o be_v a_o uncontroverted_a ground_n in_o law_n that_o among_o those_o of_o equal_a dignity_n he_o who_o first_o attain_v to_o that_o dignity_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v l._n 1._o c._n the_o consul_n quis_fw-la enim_fw-la prio_fw-la esse_fw-la debet_fw-la in_o eodem_fw-la genere_fw-la dignitatis_fw-la nisi_fw-la qui_fw-la prio_fw-la eum_fw-la adeptus_fw-la est_fw-la l._n 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr albo_fw-la scribendo_fw-la with_o which_o agree_v the_o canon_n law_n cap._n 1._o de_fw-fr major_a &_o ob_fw-la and_o this_o be_v declare_v the_o uncontraverted_a test_n of_o precedency_n by_o crus_n de_fw-fr jur_fw-fr prece_v pag._n 66._o menoch_n council_n 51._o &_o cuj_o ad_fw-la l._n 2._o c._n the_o consul_n and_o we_o see_v that_o this_o rule_n hold_v in_o all_o other_o dignity_n without_o respect_n to_o riches_n or_o multitude_n of_o possession_n and_o thus_o among_o duke_n or_o earl_n in_o all_o nation_n the_o first_o who_o attain_v to_o the_o dignity_n be_v still_o prefer_v though_o other_o be_v much_o rich_a and_o have_v succeed_v to_o more_o earldom_n this_o be_v then_o the_o true_a and_o solid_a ground_n of_o preference_n i_o may_v true_o subsume_v that_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n be_v equal_a in_o dignity_n with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n france_n and_o spain_n attain_v to_o that_o dignity_n before_o either_o of_o these_o for_o our_o king_n fergus_n come_v into_o scotland_n 330._o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n whereas_o polydore_n a_o english_a historian_n confess_v that_o egbert_n the_o first_o king_n of_o england_n do_v begin_v his_o reign_n eight_o hundred_o year_n after_o our_o saviour_n birth_n and_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o ambrose_n aurelius_n who_o be_v the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o britan_n and_o who_o reign_n precede_v the_o origin_n of_o the_o english_a kingdom_n as_o to_o the_o monarchy_n of_o spain_n and_o their_o race_n of_o king_n they_o be_v no_o old_a than_o rudolphus_n king_n of_o the_o roman_n elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1273._o by_o who_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n do_v rise_v to_o this_o dignity_n as_o to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o now_o reign_n they_o be_v only_o descend_v from_o hugh_n capet_n who_o usurp_v that_o throne_n in_o anno_fw-la 987._o and_o not_o be_v descend_v of_o either_o the_o carolovingian_n or_o merovingian_n race_n they_o can_v compet_n with_o our_o king_n achaius_n king_n of_o scotland_n
prefer_v because_o he_o dwell_v in_o a_o house_n where_o christianity_n be_v first_o profess_v which_o be_v in_o itself_o very_o ridiculous_a and_o if_o the_o first_o christian_a race_n be_v allow_v the_o preference_n the_o king_n of_o scotland_n ought_v to_o be_v prefer_v for_o donald_n king_n of_o scot_n embrace_v the_o christian_a faith_n in_o anno_fw-la 199._o before_o either_o william_n the_o conqueror_n succeed_v to_o england_n or_o hugh_n capet_n to_o france_n and_o long_o before_o spain_n obey_v this_o race_n of_o monarch_n for_o which_o we_o can_v cite_v not_o only_o our_o own_o historian_n but_o baronius_n ad_fw-la annum_fw-la 449._o duchesne_n and_o many_o other_o and_o particular_o beda_n and_o polidor_n the_o worthy_a of_o english_a historian_n beda_n relate_v that_o imbuebantur_fw-la a_o scotis_n parvuli_fw-la anglorum_fw-la quin_fw-la &_o ipse_fw-la alsridus_fw-la anglorum_fw-la rex_fw-la in_fw-la insulis_fw-la scotorum_fw-la operam_fw-la dedit_fw-la &_o sacras_fw-la literas_fw-la didicit_fw-la lib._n 3._o hist._n c._n 27._o reges_fw-la angliae_fw-la cupidi_fw-la salutis_fw-la aeternae_fw-la legatos_fw-la ad_fw-la eugenium_fw-la quartum_fw-la scotorum_fw-la regem_fw-la miserunt_fw-la ut_fw-la ille_fw-la digneretur_fw-la viros_fw-la idoneos_fw-la mittere_fw-la per_fw-la quos_fw-la illi_fw-la christianae_n fidei_fw-la rudimenta_fw-la docerentur_fw-la &_o sacro_fw-la baptismatis_fw-la fonte_fw-la abluerentur_fw-la quod_fw-la ille_fw-la haud_fw-la gravate_v indulsit_fw-la which_o clear_v full_o that_o our_o king_n be_v christian_a before_o those_o of_o england_n and_o so_o ought_v to_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o their_o own_o argument_n and_o their_o own_o author_n king_n donald_n conversion_n be_v attest_v by_o bellar._n in_o his_o answer_n to_o king_n james_n by_o barronius_n ad_fw-la annum_fw-la 429._o sanderus_n lib._n 4._o de_fw-mi clav_fw-mi david_n arnoldus_fw-la de_fw-fr conversione_n gentium_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o since_o king_n donald_n be_v before_o fergus_n the_o second_o it_o appear_v clear_o even_o from_o foreign_a history_n that_o we_o have_v king_n before_o fergus_n the_o ii_o i_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o in_o the_o council_n of_o constans_n england_n and_o france_n be_v prefer_v to_o scotland_n but_o that_o proceed_v as_o gothofred_n observe_v from_o the_o partiality_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n which_o always_o prefer_v those_o who_o be_v able_a to_o do_v they_o most_o service_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o principle_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n according_a to_o these_o that_o race_n ought_v to_o be_v prefer_v who_o title_n be_v just_a and_o i_o be_o sure_a that_o according_a to_o this_o rule_n scotland_n ought_v to_o be_v prefer_v for_o its_o king_n have_v not_o usurp_v over_o the_o people_n which_o they_o govern_v and_o not_o only_o do_v religion_n consider_v this_o ground_n of_o preference_n as_o suitable_a to_o devotion_n but_o the_o law_n consider_v it_o as_o suitable_a to_o justice_n and_o lawyer_n have_v therefore_o think_v a_o succession_n of_o king_n enjoy_v a_o just_a title_n free_a from_o violence_n and_o tyranny_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a ground_n of_o preference_n and_o precedency_n and_o thus_o vasquez_n in_o praefat_fw-la ad_fw-la illustres_fw-la questiones_fw-la say_v that_o multum_fw-la ad_fw-la nobilitatem_fw-la &_o praelationem_fw-la confert_fw-la ex_fw-la veris_fw-la &_o legittimis_fw-la regibus_fw-la &_o non_fw-la a_o tyrannis_fw-la descendisse_fw-la nor_o do_v the_o custom_n either_o of_o court_n or_o council_n invert_v the_o precedency_n which_o be_v found_v upon_o antiquity_n and_o the_o right_n of_o blood_n from_o which_o consuetude_n can_v derogat_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o precedency_n since_o that_o consuetude_n be_v only_o respect_v in_o law_n quae_fw-la in_o se_fw-la rationabilis_fw-la juri_fw-la nec_fw-la naturae_fw-la nec_fw-la gentium_fw-la contrariatur_fw-la and_o likeways_o since_o this_o matter_n of_o precedency_n be_v settle_v by_o lawyer_n upon_o these_o solid_a foundation_n for_o secure_v the_o public_a peace_n and_o interest_n of_o mankind_n it_o be_v unjust_a that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v so_o easy_o overthrow_v by_o the_o partiality_n of_o interest_v churchman_n or_o the_o pride_n and_o power_n of_o other_o competing_n and_o rival_n prince_n and_o therefore_o to_o secure_v the_o right_n of_o justice_n and_o blood_n against_o all_o such_o invasion_n lawyer_n have_v unanimous_o conclude_v that_o consuetudine_fw-la induci_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la ut_fw-la prio_fw-la in_o dignitate_fw-la praeferatur_fw-la posteriori_fw-la crus_n de_fw-fr praeemi_fw-fr cap._n 12._o which_o principle_n they_o so_o far_o assert_v as_o to_o conclude_v that_o this_o can_v not_o be_v concede_v even_o by_o express_a paction_n rumellin_n dissert_v 1._o thes_n 18._o even_o though_o that_o paction_n be_v confirm_v by_o a_o oath_n rippa_n ad_fw-la l._n 3._o ff_n de_fw-fr donat_fw-la and_o albeit_o it_o may_v seem_v that_o every_o man_n may_v renounce_v that_o which_o be_v introduce_v in_o his_o own_o favour_n yet_o to_o this_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o man_n can_v renounce_v what_o be_v introduce_v in_o their_o own_o favour_n when_o that_o which_o they_o renounce_v be_v not_o principal_o introduce_v in_o their_o favour_n but_o arise_v to_o they_o necessary_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n or_o be_v introduce_v principal_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o common_a interest_n of_o mankind_n rather_o than_o of_o they_o and_o in_o which_o three_o party_n will_v likewise_o be_v concern_v all_o which_o be_v clear_v not_o only_o by_o the_o principle_n of_o reason_n but_o by_o l._n 3._o ff_n de_fw-fr pactis_fw-la and_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o precedency_n from_o the_o antiquity_n of_o blood_n be_v no_o such_o private_a right_n as_o may_v be_v renounce_v it_o be_v a_o privilege_n not_o give_v by_o law_n but_o arise_v from_o nature_n lex_fw-la non_fw-la data_fw-la sed_fw-la nata_fw-la and_o introduce_v for_o regulate_v the_o common_a interest_n of_o mankind_n and_o prevent_v their_o difference_n or_o oppression_n whereas_o how_o unfortunate_a or_o irregular_a shall_v man_n be_v if_o subject_n may_v force_v their_o magistrate_n or_o young_a brother_n the_o elder_a or_o strong_a prince_n the_o weak_a to_o renounce_v by_o paction_n or_o may_v serve_v from_o they_o by_o custom_n and_o inadvertance_n the_o seniority_n and_o precedency_n due_a to_o they_o whereas_o now_o the_o impossibility_n of_o prevail_v in_o such_o design_n take_v happy_o away_o all_o lust_a after_o they_o and_o whatever_o may_v be_v ascribe_v to_o consuetude_n or_o decision_n in_o that_o precedency_n which_o because_o it_o spring_v mere_o from_o custom_n may_v be_v regulate_v by_o it_o or_o in_o dubious_a case_n where_o a_o grain_n weight_n may_v cast_v a_o balance_n yet_o i_o see_v no_o law_n nor_o reason_n that_o can_v be_v adduce_v for_o take_v away_o by_o decision_n 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against_o our_o king_n nor_o have_v they_o ever_o consent_v to_o any_o such_o preference_n and_o therefore_o whatever_o may_v be_v say_v for_o other_o against_o they_o in_o a_o possessory_a judgement_n the_o matter_n of_o right_o be_v still_o entire_a vasquez_n the_o illustrious_a spanish_a lawyer_n do_v at_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n adduce_v several_a argument_n for_o the_o precedency_n of_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n which_o if_o they_o be_v well_o found_v will_v i_o confess_v infer_v a_o precedency_n to_o england_n and_o france_n and_o which_o i_o shall_v the_o willingly_a adduce_n and_o answer_v that_o i_o have_v hear_v they_o urge_v for_o france_n and_o spain_n against_o the_o king_n of_o britain_n and_o because_o they_o be_v the_o general_a topic_n and_o common_a place_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v know_v and_o understand_v for_o clear_v not_o only_o the_o precedency_n of_o prince_n but_o even_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n the_o first_o be_v that_o these_o who_o be_v most_o powerful_a and_o great_a ought_v still_o to_o be_v prefer_v c._n statuimus_fw-la de_fw-fr major_a &_o ob_v and_o he_o must_v be_v account_v most_o powerful_a who_o be_v most_o powerful_a the_o time_n of_o the_o debate_n nam_fw-la qualitas_fw-la adjecta_fw-la verbo_fw-la debet_fw-la intelligi_fw-la secundum_fw-la tempus_fw-la verbi_fw-la l._n
in_o dilectis_fw-la §_o si_fw-mi extraneas_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr noxalibus_fw-la the_o second_o be_v that_o those_o who_o command_v the_o noble_a and_o best_a subject_n be_v account_v the_o noble_a and_o best_a authent_v de_fw-fr defensoribus_fw-la civitatum_fw-la §_o nos_fw-it igitur_fw-la 3._o riches_n be_v the_o rise_n and_o occasion_n of_o dignity_n and_o therefore_o be_v the_o chief_a ground_n of_o precedency_n among_o equal_n 4._o he_o be_v to_o be_v prefer_v in_o dignity_n who_o general_o man_n esteem_v the_o great_a 5._o since_o honour_n be_v the_o reward_n of_o pain_n and_o danger_n those_o who_o take_v most_o pain_n and_o be_v liable_a to_o most_o danger_n for_o christendom_n and_o the_o christian_a faith_n aught_o to_o have_v the_o precedency_n in_o christendom_n and_o among_o christian_a prince_n and_o that_o pain_n and_o danger_n be_v ground_n of_o predency_n be_v urge_v from_o l._n semper_fw-la §_o negotiatores_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr jur_fw-fr immunitat_fw-la 6._o as_o all_o goodness_n be_v the_o noble_a the_o more_o communicative_a it_o be_v so_o these_o must_v be_v conclude_v the_o noble_a by_o who_o most_o people_n have_v advantage_n and_o therefore_o these_o king_n under_o who_o trade_n flourish_v most_o and_o who_o bestow_v salary_n upon_o and_o give_v a_o livelihood_n to_o most_o man_n aught_o by_o mankind_n to_o be_v prefer_v to_o all_o which_o argument_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o if_o preference_n be_v to_o be_v give_v by_o choice_n and_o do_v not_o descend_v from_o the_o right_n of_o blood_n and_o antiquity_n than_o the_o former_a argument_n be_v indeed_o considerable_a and_o aught_o to_o direct_v the_o elector_n but_o where_o the_o antiquity_n of_o blood_n can_v be_v instruct_v it_o still_o give_v precedency_n as_o be_v clear_a from_o the_o author_n above_o cite_v and_o thus_o though_o we_o do_v confess_v that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n and_o spain_n and_o particular_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n be_v rich_a great_a and_o more_o considerable_a upon_o these_o account_n than_o scotland_n be_v yet_o since_o the_o race_n of_o our_o king_n be_v more_o ancient_a than_o either_o of_o they_o i_o conclude_v that_o therefore_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v prefer_v chap._n iii_o that_o the_o crown_n of_o scotland_n be_v not_o subject_a to_o england_n some_o english_a historian_n lawyer_n and_o herald_n do_v too_o frequent_o abuse_v the_o world_n with_o a_o most_o groundless_a tradition_n by_o which_o they_o contend_v that_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n be_v vassal_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o do_v they_o homage_n for_o the_o crown_n of_o scotland_n which_o if_o it_o be_v true_a will_v have_v take_v from_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n not_o only_o the_o precedency_n for_o which_o i_o have_v be_v debate_v but_o will_v have_v place_v they_o after_o the_o king_n of_o castille_n and_o many_o other_o to_o who_o they_o be_v prefer_v and_o therefore_o not_o only_o to_o remove_v this_o objection_n but_o to_o free_v my_o country_n from_o this_o most_o unjust_a imputation_n i_o be_o resolve_v with_o very_a much_o respect_n to_o the_o english_a nation_n who_o wit_n courage_n and_o learning_n i_o very_o much_o esteem_n to_o inform_v the_o curious_a how_o unjust_a this_o pretence_n be_v and_o to_o which_o i_o have_v be_v not_o only_o incline_v but_o force_v upon_o the_o read_n of_o a_o rapsodie_n print_v late_o by_o mr._n prin_fw-mi in_o vindication_n as_o he_o speak_v pag._n 487._o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a king_n against_o the_o ungrate_a perfidious_a and_o rebellious_a king_n of_o scotland_n in_o which_o none_o of_o the_o learned_a or_o discreet_a english_a be_v concern_v since_o i_o find_v none_o who_o deserve_v that_o praise_n engage_v in_o this_o debate_n which_o have_v be_v agitate_a only_a by_o such_o of_o that_o excellent_a nation_n as_o have_v have_v more_o humour_n than_o discretion_n i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n do_v hold_v the_o land_n of_o northumberland_n cumberland_n and_o westmoreland_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o that_o they_o do_v they_o homage_n for_o it_o which_o be_v not_o dishonourable_a to_o scotland_n that_o be_v most_o ordinary_a among_o sovereign_a prince_n for_o thus_o henry_n king_n of_o england_n and_o several_a other_o of_o their_o king_n do_v homage_n to_o philip_n and_o other_o king_n of_o france_n for_o the_o province_n possess_v by_o they_o in_o france_n and_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n do_v at_o this_o day_n homage_n yearly_a to_o the_o pope_n for_o naples_n and_o sicily_n and_o yet_o the_o homage_n do_v for_o these_o country_n have_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o a_o ignorant_a mistake_n in_o some_o and_o a_o malicious_a pretext_n for_o other_o to_o misrepresent_v the_o homage_n do_v for_o these_o county_n as_o do_v for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n and_o the_o occasion_n of_o get_v these_o province_n from_o england_n be_v too_o honourable_a to_o be_v deny_v by_o we_o it_o be_v most_o undeniable_a that_o the_o scot_n be_v call_v in_o to_o assist_v first_o the_o britan_n against_o the_o roman_n and_o thereafter_o the_o saxon_n against_o the_o dane_n they_o have_v these_o province_n bestow_v upon_o they_o as_o a_o reward_n of_o what_o they_o have_v do_v and_o a_o encouragement_n to_o they_o to_o continue_v their_o friendship_n for_o the_o future_a and_o by_o a_o statute_n make_v by_o st._n edward_n and_o ratify_v by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n as_o holinsh_v observe_n the_o scot_n be_v for_o that_o service_n likewise_o naturalize_v english_a for_o which_o naturalisation_n that_o statute_n give_v two_o reason_n one_o quia_fw-la omnes_fw-la ferme_fw-fr scoti_n proceres_fw-la ex_fw-la anglis_fw-la conjuges_fw-la coeperunt_fw-la &_o ipsi_fw-la rursus_fw-la ex_fw-la scotis_n and_o the_o other_o be_v quia_fw-la simul_fw-la &_o in_fw-la unum_fw-la contra_fw-la danos_n &_o norvegos_n atrocissime_fw-la pugnaverunt_fw-la but_o that_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n do_v hold_v the_o crown_n of_o scotland_n as_o vassal_n of_o england_n or_o do_v homage_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n therefore_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v most_o false_a from_o the_o follow_a argument_n which_o must_v not_o be_v try_v by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n but_o by_o the_o civil_a and_o feudal_n law_n which_o be_v now_o become_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o be_v reverence_v as_o the_o sole_a judge_n in_o all_o difference_n betwixt_o nation_n and_o nation_n and_o which_o must_v be_v presume_v equal_a to_o both_o nation_n since_o make_v by_o neither_o 1._o all_o land_n be_v presume_v to_o be_v free_a from_o servitude_n except_o the_o servitude_n be_v clear_o instruct_v but_o much_o more_o be_v all_o kingdom_n presume_v to_o be_v free_a since_o ex_fw-la natura_fw-la rei_fw-la king_n and_o kingdom_n be_v independent_a &_o qualitas_fw-la quae_fw-la inesse_fw-la debet_fw-la inesse_fw-la presumitur_fw-la and_o by_o how_o much_o the_o presumption_n be_v strong_a by_o so_o much_o aught_o the_o probation_n which_o elid_n they_o be_v the_o strong_a and_o albeit_o all_o domestic_a proof_n ought_v to_o be_v reject_v in_o all_o case_n as_o suspect_v and_o partial_a yet_o the_o english_a can_v adduce_v nothing_o for_o obtrude_a this_o servitude_n upon_o we_o save_o the_o testimony_n of_o their_o own_o historian_n lawyer_n and_o herald_n 2._o the_o natural_a and_o legal_a way_n of_o prove_v any_o man_n to_o be_v a_o vassal_n be_v by_o production_n of_o the_o feudal_n contract_n betwixt_o the_o superior_a and_o vassal_n all_o feus_n require_v necessary_o write_v in_o their_o constitution_n nor_o can_v vassalage_n be_v legal_o prove_v otherwise_o whereas_o here_o the_o english_a can_v produce_v no_o formal_a nor_o original_a constitution_n of_o this_o few_o such_o as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v betwixt_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n the_o emperor_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n etc._n etc._n for_o all_o they_o can_v adduce_v be_v only_o posteriour_a acknowledgement_n of_o this_o vassalage_n via_fw-la facti_fw-la which_o be_v but_o a_o beg_n of_o the_o question_n and_o these_o be_v but_o accessory_n and_o consequential_a inference_n can_v subsist_v except_o the_o original_a constitution_n be_v first_o prove_v no_o more_o than_o the_o payment_n of_o feu_n duty_n to_o a_o superior_a either_o by_o force_n ignorance_n or_o mistake_v can_v prove_v the_o payer_n to_o be_v vassal_n for_o the_o future_a except_o the_o original_a feu_n be_v produce_v and_o as_o this_o be_v necessary_a in_o law_n so_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v in_o reason_n but_o that_o some_o obligation_n in_o writ_n or_o feudal_n contract_n will_v have_v be_v take_v by_o the_o english_a who_o be_v a_o very_a wise_a people_n and_o consult_v very_o prudent_o their_o own_o security_n in_o every_o thing_n else_o and_o if_o this_o contract_n have_v be_v once_o enter_v into_o it_o have_v be_v yet_o extant_a since_o the_o english_a can_v allege_v that_o ever_o they_o lose_v any_o of_o
their_o monument_n or_o record_n and_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o we_o have_v charter_n for_o these_o land_n we_o hold_v in_o england_n and_o that_o england_n have_v charter_n at_o the_o same_o time_n for_o the_o land_n they_o hold_v in_o france_n and_o it_o be_v very_o observable_a that_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o 1._o that_o king_n style_v himself_o rex_fw-la &_o superior_a dominus_fw-la regni_fw-la scotiae_fw-la during_o his_o violent_a usurpation_n over_o scotland_n whereas_o never_o any_o king_n of_o england_n do_v so_o former_o and_o yet_o if_o they_o have_v have_v any_o such_o pretension_n they_o have_v assume_v the_o same_o title_n but_o this_o imaginary_a title_n begin_v and_o end_v with_o the_o force_n which_o only_o maintain_v it_o 3._o the_o english_a can_v condescend_v upon_o any_o reason_n which_o may_v have_v prevail_v with_o the_o scot_n to_o have_v become_v vassal_n to_o england_n nor_o any_o particular_a time_n when_o they_o first_o become_v vassal_n and_o all_o they_o can_v allege_v be_v that_o upon_o some_o impression_n of_o force_n some_o of_o our_o own_o king_n be_v prisoner_n or_o some_o of_o our_o people_n be_v oppress_v they_o do_v elicit_v from_o they_o acknowledgement_n of_o a_o vassalage_n former_o state_v whereas_o force_n render_v all_o acknowledgement_n null_n and_o that_o these_o acknowledgement_n be_v null_a upon_o many_o other_o account_n and_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v be_v force_v to_o grant_v the_o like_a to_o other_o prince_n shall_v be_v prove_v clear_o in_o answer_n to_o the_o instance_n which_o the_o english_a adduce_v 4._o scotland_n have_v be_v habit_n and_o repute_n and_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v a_o free_a monarchy_n and_o their_o king_n independent_a and_o supreme_a and_o that_o not_o only_o by_o all_o foreign_a prince_n the_o best_a judge_n in_o this_o case_n who_o have_v receive_v and_o prefer_v their_o ambassador_n as_o the_o ambassador_n of_o free_a prince_n but_o even_o in_o general_a council_n the_o king_n of_o scotland_n have_v be_v prefer_v to_o the_o king_n of_o castille_n hungary_n pole_n navarr_n cyprus_n bohemia_n denmark_n and_o thus_o they_o be_v rank_v by_o pope_n julius_n the_o ii_o anno_fw-la 1504_o vid._n besold_n sinop._n doct_n politicae_fw-la lib._n 20._o cap._n 10._o which_o can_v not_o have_v be_v do_v if_o he_o have_v be_v only_o a_o feudatory_a prince_n since_o all_o free_a prince_n be_v prefer_v to_o all_o feudatory_a prince_n yea_o and_o if_o scotland_n have_v be_v vassal_n to_o england_n for_o the_o crown_n of_o scotland_n the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v certain_o crave_v and_o obtain_v the_o precedency_n from_o other_o king_n upon_o that_o account_n since_o he_o have_v be_v rex_fw-la regum_fw-la and_o since_o france_n crave_v to_o be_v prefer_v to_o spain_n because_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v his_o vassal_n as_o chassanaeus_n observe_v part_v 5._o consider_v 19_o so_o much_o rather_o ought_v the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o have_v be_v prefer_v because_o they_o may_v have_v allege_v that_o there_o be_v a_o crown_n hold_v of_o they_o whereas_o they_o hold_v only_o some_o feu-land_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n 5._o not_o only_o christian_a prince_n and_o council_n but_o even_o pope_n have_v declare_v scotland_n to_o be_v a_o free_a kingdom_n and_o independent_a from_o england_n and_o thus_o pope_n honorius_n allow_v to_o scotland_n that_o be_v subject_n shall_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o answer_v by_o way_n of_o appeal_n to_o any_o court_n without_o their_o own_o kingdom_n salva_fw-la solummodo_fw-la authoritate_fw-la sedis_fw-la apostolicae_fw-la 2._o edward_n king_n of_o england_n have_v petition_v pope_n innocent_a the_o iv._o that_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n may_v not_o be_v anoint_v or_o crown_v without_o his_o knowledge_n quod_fw-la non_fw-la posset_n se_fw-la facere_fw-la ipso_fw-la inscio_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la coronari_fw-la vel_fw-la inungi_fw-la the_o say_a pope_n do_v refuse_v the_o same_o presentibus_fw-la procuratoribus_fw-la parium_fw-la in_o consilio_fw-la lugdunensi_fw-la satis_fw-la per_fw-la hoc_fw-la determinans_fw-la regnum_fw-la scotiae_fw-la regno_fw-la angliae_fw-la non_fw-la subesse_fw-la 3._o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v likewise_o petition_v the_o same_o pope_n innocent_a that_o he_o may_v have_v liberty_n to_o collect_v the_o tithe_n of_o scotland_n since_o he_o have_v right_o terrarum_fw-la omnium_fw-la suae_fw-la jurisdictioni_fw-la subjectarum_fw-la the_o same_o be_v also_o refuse_v 4._o pope_n boniface_n the_o eight_o do_v in_o a_o letter_n to_o edward_n king_n of_o england_n declare_v that_o ad_fw-la celsitudinem_fw-la regiam_fw-la potuit_fw-la pervenisse_fw-la qualiter_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n quodque_fw-la regnum_fw-la scotiae_fw-la sicut_fw-la accepimus_fw-la a_fw-la progenitoribus_fw-la tuis_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la regibus_fw-la feudale_n non_fw-la extitit_fw-la nec_fw-la existit_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o copy_n of_o which_o letter_n i_o have_v at_o present_a and_o duchesne_n write_v the_o history_n of_o great_a britain_n do_v pag._n 661._o relate_v that_o le_fw-fr mesine_fw-la pape_n renvoya_n d'_fw-fr autres_fw-fr lettres_n au_fw-fr roy_fw-fr d'_fw-fr anglterre_n pour_fw-fr soustenir_fw-fr que_fw-fr le_fw-fr royaume_fw-fr de_fw-fr escosse_n ne_fw-fr dependoit_fw-fr point_fw-fr d'_fw-fr anglterre_n &_o que_fw-fr contre_fw-fr le_fw-fr droit_fw-fr divin_n &_o la_fw-fr justice_n il_fw-fr s'_fw-fr en_fw-fr vindicoit_fw-fr la_fw-fr subjection_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o same_o pope_n send_v letter_n at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o which_o he_o maintain_v that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n be_v no_o way_n subject_n to_o that_o kingdom_n and_o that_o his_o seek_v to_o subject_v it_o to_o he_o as_o superior_a be_v contrare_fw-la to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o men._n 6._o by_o the_o feudal_n law_n and_o law_n of_o nation_n a_o vassal_n can_v mortify_v any_o part_n of_o his_o feu_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o superior_a because_o the_o superior_a by_o the_o mortification_n lose_v the_o service_n due_a to_o he_o out_o of_o his_o feu_n churchman_n be_v oblige_v to_o no_o reddendo_fw-la but_o praeces_fw-la &_o vota_fw-la and_o therefore_o in_o all_o mortification_n make_v by_o vassal_n the_o superior_n confirmation_n be_v still_o require_v and_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v but_o that_o if_o scotland_n have_v be_v a_o feu_fw-fr hold_v of_o england_n the_o pope_n their_o conclave_n and_o the_o monastry_n themselves_o will_v have_v seek_v confirmation_n from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n of_o the_o mortification_n make_v by_o the_o king_n and_o subject_n of_o scotland_n there_o be_v more_o erection_n of_o that_o kind_n in_o scotland_n than_o in_o any_o nation_n of_o equal_a revenue_n and_o yet_o never_o any_o such_o confirmation_n be_v seek_v or_o pretend_v to_o but_o on_o the_o contrare_fw-la the_o pope_n still_o confirm_v these_o erection_n as_o make_v per_fw-la reges_fw-la scotiae_fw-la as_o he_o do_v in_o all_o other_o nation_n or_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n confirm_v these_o erection_n if_o they_o be_v make_v by_o any_o of_o his_o vassal_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o pope_n do_v in_o these_o confirmation_n design_v our_o king_n regem_fw-la scotiae_fw-la and_o not_o scotorum_fw-la 7._o the_o historian_n also_o of_o other_o nation_n do_v concur_v with_o those_o of_o our_o nation_n in_o assert_v this_o freedom_n and_o thus_o arnisaeus_n the_o best_a lawyer_n who_o have_v write_v upon_o these_o politic_a question_n do_v look_v upon_o this_o pretence_n as_o a_o mere_a fiction_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 5._o anglus_fw-la scotorum_fw-la regem_fw-la habebat_fw-la sibi_fw-la fiduciarium_fw-la sive_fw-la ratione_fw-la aliquot_fw-la regionum_fw-la sive_fw-la ratione_fw-la ipsius_fw-la regni_fw-la ut_fw-la nimis_fw-la audacter_fw-la asserit_fw-la math._n steph._n nam_fw-la haec_fw-la vetustate_fw-la temporis_fw-la &_o obscuritate_fw-la authorum_fw-la sunt_fw-la incerta_fw-la and_o duchesne_n pag._n 21._o speak_v of_o scotland_n assert_n positive_o that_o its_o king_n do_v recognosce_fw-la no_o superior_a but_o god_n and_o be_v every_o way_n a_o sovereign_a prince_n notwithstanding_o of_o the_o old_a pretension_n of_o england_n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr le_fw-fr possede_n en_fw-fr toute_fw-fr souverainté_fw-fr sans_fw-fr recognoistre_fw-fr au_fw-fr cun_fw-fr superieur_fw-fr que_fw-fr dieu_fw-fr bien_fw-fr que_fw-fr c_o '_o estoit_fw-fr ancienne_fw-fr praetension_n des_fw-fr anglois_fw-fr que_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr d'escosse_n est_fw-fr vassal_n de_fw-fr leur_fw-fr couronne_fw-fr 8._o not_o only_o have_v foreign_a prince_n general_a council_n and_o the_o lawyer_n and_o historian_n of_o other_o nation_n declare_v scotland_n to_o be_v a_o free_a kingdom_n but_o even_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v acknowledge_v this_o freedom_n and_o independency_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o these_o instance_n 1._o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n of_o england_n have_v treat_v with_o the_o ambassador_n of_o scotland_n whereas_o no_o superior_a can_v treat_v with_o his_o own_o vassal_n as_o a_o foreigner_n nor_o can_v a_o vassal_n send_v ambassador_n to_o his_o superior_a for_o a_o ambassador_n must_v be_v
hold_v england_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o murmelius_a a_o sarazen_a king_n edgar_n be_v row_v over_o the_o dee_n by_o kenneth_n king_n of_o scotland_n be_v take_v off_o by_o the_o former_a answer_n though_o it_o be_v true_a as_o it_o be_v not_o nor_o can_v it_o be_v make_v appear_v by_o a_o chronological_a computation_n if_o the_o enquiry_n be_v worth_a our_o pain_n the_o great_a instance_n found_v upon_o the_o homage_n make_v by_o the_o balliol_n be_v as_o weak_a since_o it_o be_v know_v that_o king_n robert_n the_o bruce_n refuse_v to_o do_v homage_n to_o king_n edward_n choose_v rather_o to_o want_v a_o crown_n then_o to_o be_v a_o vassal_n for_o it_o but_o john_n balliol_n the_o other_o competitor_n prefer_v his_o ambition_n to_o his_o native_a country_n be_v therefore_o just_o disow_v by_o the_o nobility_n who_o as_o duchesne_n a_o stranger_n to_o we_o observe_v send_v ambassador_n to_o king_n edward_n to_o show_v he_o that_o they_o do_v revoke_v and_o disow_v the_o homage_n make_v by_o the_o balliol_n and_o assert_v their_o primitive_a liberty_n and_o so_o hateful_a a_o act_n be_v this_o esteem_v in_o he_o that_o he_o lose_v the_o crown_n by_o it_o whereas_o have_v this_o pretence_n of_o england_n be_v found_v upon_o any_o justice_n it_o can_v never_o have_v be_v so_o severe_o either_o oppose_v or_o punish_v but_o though_o balliol_n have_v be_v a_o lawful_a king_n as_o he_o be_v not_o king_n robert_n the_o bruce_n title_n be_v preferable_a in_o law_n yet_o can_v not_o the_o balliol_n have_v subject_v the_o kingdom_n in_o vassalage_n to_o england_n since_o by_o the_o feudal_n law_n a_o superior_a can_v superinduce_v or_o interpose_v another_o superior_a nec_fw-la sine_fw-la vassalli_n consensu_fw-la alienare_fw-la jus_o suum_fw-la directum_fw-la c._n 1._o §_o ex_fw-la eodem_fw-la descendit_fw-la de_fw-la leg._n lotharii_fw-la and_o though_o some_o debate_n that_o by_o such_o alienation_n of_o the_o superiority_n the_o superior_a forfeit_v his_o right_n yet_o all_o agree_v that_o the_o alienation_n be_v null_a nulla_fw-la &_o irrita_fw-la d._n d._n in_o cap._n imperialem_fw-la §_o praeterea_fw-la de_fw-fr prohibit_v alien_n per_fw-la fredric_n curt._n p._n 16._o num_fw-la 3._o &_o latissime_fw-la rosenth_n cap._n 9_o conclus_fw-la 62._o whereas_o it_o be_v pretend_v that_o the_o parliament_n of_o scotland_n consent_v it_o be_v answer_v that_o any_o parliamentary_a consent_n be_v altogether_o deny_v for_o though_o we_o have_v exact_a record_n of_o all_o our_o parliament_n yet_o there_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o mention_v make_v among_o all_o our_o statute_n or_o book_n of_o any_o parliament_n hold_v by_o john_n baliol._n and_o albeit_o prin_fw-mi have_v publish_v all_o the_o record_n which_o the_o english_a have_v upon_o this_o subject_a yet_o he_o dare_v not_o so_o much_o as_o assert_v much_o less_o produce_v the_o copy_n of_o any_o such_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o certain_o if_o there_o have_v be_v such_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n not_o only_o the_o record_n of_o that_o parliament_n but_o that_o particular_a act_n have_v be_v careful_o preserve_v and_o publish_v and_o that_o this_o parliament_n and_o statute_n be_v a_o mere_a fiction_n appear_v not_o only_o by_o our_o own_o but_o foreign_a historian_n and_o it_o be_v not_o imaginable_a that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o kingdom_n have_v immediate_o disow_v the_o balliol_n for_o acknowledge_v this_o subjection_n that_o they_o will_v themselves_o have_v ratify_v it_o in_o a_o free_a parliament_n but_o though_o this_o be_v true_a as_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o there_o be_v not_o any_o kingdom_n so_o loyal_a happy_a or_o invincible_a but_o some_o few_o coward_n or_o rogue_n may_v be_v find_v in_o it_o who_o may_v assume_v the_o name_n of_o a_o parliament_n and_o disow_v the_o true_a interest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n without_o any_o warrant_n from_o the_o people_n for_o that_o effect_n and_o i_o will_v very_o willing_o know_v if_o england_n remain_v still_o vassal_n to_o the_o pope_n because_o a_o monk_n prevail_v with_o king_n john_n to_o hold_v his_o crown_n of_o he_o or_o if_o portugal_n shall_v not_o be_v acknowledge_v a_o free_a crown_n because_o spain_n do_v once_o elicit_v from_o they_o a_o national_a consent_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n or_o if_o these_o three_o or_o four_o pretend_a english_a parliament_n who_o acknowledge_v oliver_n cromwell_n the_o usurper_n do_v settle_v a_o legal_a right_n upon_o he_o by_o their_o concourse_n nor_o do_v prescription_n supply_v here_o the_o original_a illegality_n of_o that_o consent_n for_o the_o scot_n do_v immediate_o reclaim_v and_o do_v within_o much_o few_o year_n than_o prescription_n require_v restore_v themselves_o to_o their_o liberty_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o that_o glorious_a prince_n king_n robert_z the_o bruce_n for_o who_o god_n do_v so_o miraculous_a thing_n as_o do_v convince_v the_o world_n how_o much_o the_o lord_n of_o host_n deta_v the_o bribry_n and_o cruelty_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o et_fw-fr ita_fw-la res_fw-la facile_fw-la redeunt_fw-la ad_fw-la svam_fw-la naturam_fw-la &_o quae_fw-la mox_fw-la rediit_fw-la divertisse_fw-la non_fw-la videtur_fw-la but_o to_o show_v how_o great_a aversion_n even_o that_o generation_n have_v for_o any_o such_o submission_n to_o the_o english_a monarchy_n i_o have_v set_v down_o the_o copy_n of_o a_o letter_n yet_o extant_a under_o all_o the_o seal_n of_o our_o nobility_n direct_v to_o pope_n john_n in_o anno_fw-la 1320._o wherein_o they_o declare_v that_o if_o their_o king_n shall_v offer_v to_o submit_v to_o england_n they_o will_v disow_v he_o and_o choose_v another_o not_o that_o the_o power_n of_o elect_v king_n be_v ever_o think_v to_o reside_v in_o our_o nobility_n but_o because_o it_o be_v represent_v to_o they_o as_o the_o opinion_n of_o all_o lawyer_n that_o a_o king_n can_v not_o alienat_fw-la his_o kingdom_n or_o submit_v himself_o by_o his_o sole_a consent_n to_o a_o foreign_a prince_n since_o by_o that_o alienation_n and_o submission_n he_o do_v forfeit_v his_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n as_o to_o which_o letter_n likewise_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o observe_v to_o prevent_v any_o mistake_n as_o to_o the_o calculation_n of_o the_o number_n of_o our_o king_n that_o the_o writer_n thereof_o have_v as_o be_v usual_a with_o we_o number_v among_o our_o king_n such_o of_o the_o royal_a family_n as_o be_v for_o the_o time_n regent_n or_o viceroy_n the_o letter_n follow_v sanctissimo_fw-la patri_fw-la in_o christo_fw-la ac_fw-la domino_fw-la domino_fw-la joanni_n divina_fw-la providentia_fw-la sacrosanctae_fw-la romanae_fw-la &_o vniversalis_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la summo_fw-la pontifici_fw-la filii_fw-la svi_fw-la humiles_fw-la &_o devoti_fw-la duncanus_fw-la comes_fw-la de_fw-fr fyfe_n thomas_n ranulphi_n come_v moraviae_n dominus_fw-la manniae_fw-la &_o vallis_n anandiae_fw-la patricius_n de_fw-fr dumbar_n come_v marchiae_n malisius_n come_v the_o strathern_a malcolmus_n come_v de_fw-fr levenox_n willielmus_fw-la comes_fw-la de_fw-fr ross_n magnus_n come_v cathaniae_fw-la &_o orcadiae_fw-la &_o willielmus_fw-la comes_fw-la sutherlandiae_fw-la walterus_n senescallus_fw-la scotiae_fw-la willielmus_fw-la de_fw-fr soul_n buttelarius_n scotiae_fw-la jacobus_n dominus_fw-la de_fw-fr dowglas_n rogerus_fw-la de_fw-fr mowbray_n david_n dominus_fw-la de_fw-fr brechine_n david_n de_fw-fr grahame_n ingelramus_n de_fw-fr vmsravile_n joannes_n de_fw-fr meneteith_n custos_fw-la comitatus_fw-la de_fw-la meneteith_n alexander_n frazer_n gilbertus_n de_fw-fr haia_n constabularius_fw-la scotiae_fw-la robertus_fw-la de_fw-fr keith_n mariscallus_fw-la scotiae_fw-la henricus_fw-la de_fw-fr sanctoclaro_n joannes_n de_fw-fr grahame_n david_n de_fw-fr lindesey_n willielmus_fw-la olifant_n patricius_n de_fw-fr grahame_n joannes_n de_fw-fr fenton_n willielmus_fw-la de_fw-fr abernethie_o david_n de_fw-fr weyms_n willielmus_fw-la de_fw-fr monte_fw-fr fixo_fw-la fergusius_n de_fw-fr ardrosan_n eustachius_n de_fw-fr maxwell_n willielmus_fw-la de_fw-fr ramsay_n willielmus_fw-la de_fw-fr monte_fw-fr alto_fw-mi alanus_fw-la de_fw-fr moravia_n dovenaldus_n campbell_n joannes_n camburn_n reginaldus_n le_fw-fr chen_n alexander_n de_fw-fr seton_n andreas_n de_fw-fr lescelyne_n &_o alexander_n de_fw-fr straton_n caeterique_fw-la barones_n &_o libere-tenentes_a ac_fw-la tota_fw-la communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la scotiae_fw-la omnimodam_fw-la reverentiam_fw-la filiolem_fw-la cum_fw-la devotis_fw-la pedum_fw-la osculis_fw-la beatorum_fw-la scimus_fw-la sanctissime_fw-la pater_fw-la &_o domine_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la antiquorum_fw-la gestis_fw-la &_o libris_fw-la colligimus_fw-la quod_fw-la inter_fw-la caeteras_fw-la nationes_fw-la egregias_fw-la nostra_fw-la sciz_fw-fr scotorum_fw-la natio_fw-la multis_fw-la praeconiis_fw-la fuerit_fw-la insignita_fw-la quae_fw-la de_fw-la majori_fw-la scythia_n per_fw-la mare_fw-la tirenum_fw-la &_o columnas_fw-la herculis_fw-la transiens_fw-la &_o in_o hispania_n inter_fw-la ferocissimos_fw-la per_fw-la multa_fw-la temporum_fw-la curricula_fw-la residens_fw-la a_o nullis_fw-la quantumcunque_fw-la barbaricis_fw-la poterat_fw-la alicubi_fw-la subjugari_fw-la indeque_fw-la veniens_fw-la post_fw-la mille_fw-la &_o ducentos_fw-la annos_fw-la a_o transitu_fw-la populi_fw-la israelitici_fw-la sibi_fw-la sedes_fw-la in_o occidente_fw-la quas_fw-la nunc_fw-la obtinent_fw-la expulsis_fw-la britonibus_fw-la &_o pictis_fw-la omnino_fw-la deletis_fw-la
v._o the_o precedency_n among_o commonwealth_n it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o king_n and_o crowned-head_n have_v the_o precedency_n from_o commonwealth_n though_o they_o contend_v that_o they_o be_v the_o free_a of_o all_o man_n be_v the_o noble_a and_o be_v in_o effect_n a_o country_n of_o king_n aught_o to_o be_v prefer_v to_o any_o one_o king_n especial_o since_o their_o government_n be_v elder_a than_o that_o of_o king_n man_n have_v draw_v themselves_o into_o society_n before_o they_o either_o submit_v to_o king_n who_o assume_v that_o government_n by_o force_n or_o elect_v king_n because_o they_o can_v not_o agree_v among_o themselves_o there_o be_v some_o commonwealth_n who_o claim_v precedency_n as_o have_v right_o to_o kingdom_n and_o thus_o venice_n claim_v the_o same_o precedency_n with_o crown'd-head_n in_o the_o popedom_n of_o vrban_n the_o eight_o and_o innocent_a the_o five_o because_o they_o have_v right_a to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o corsica_n but_o this_o be_v deny_v genoa_n contend_v with_o venice_n for_o precedency_n at_o the_o coronation_n of_o the_o king_n of_o cyprus_n 1373._o but_o that_o king_n prefer_v venice_n and_o to_o extinguish_v these_o difference_n among_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o italy_n venice_n be_v by_o opinion_n of_o all_o lawyer_n prefer_v to_o all_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o italy_n calefat_n de_fw-fr equestr_n dignit_fw-la n._n 124._o crus_n de_fw-mi prece_v pag._n 536._o genoa_n and_o sienna_n do_v also_o contend_v anno_fw-la 1530._o at_o the_o coronation_n of_o charles_n the_o five_o but_o the_o debate_n be_v then_o decide_v and_o yet_o crus_n pag._n 545._o prefer_v genoa_n the_o state_n general_n contend_v with_o venice_n and_o all_o other_o commonwealth_n as_o be_v the_o more_o powerful_a and_o be_v a_o society_n of_o commonwealth_n they_o pretend_v also_o to_o precedency_n from_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o be_v more_o independent_a than_o they_o and_o be_v equal_a to_o king_n whereas_o these_o prince_n be_v but_o subject_n which_o be_v delicate_o debate_v by_o besold_a de_fw-mi praece_v cap._n 2._o but_o yet_o the_o present_a emperor_n have_v prefer_v the_o elector_n to_o all_o ambassador_n of_o commonwealth_n by_o a_o express_a ordinance_n relate_v in_o crus_n p._n 545._o and_o now_o holland_n as_o have_v a_o kindness_n for_o the_o empire_n treat_v the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o elector_n as_o those_o send_v by_o crowned-head_n and_o in_o return_n of_o that_o kindness_n the_o elector_n treat_v such_o as_o be_v send_v from_o holland_n with_o the_o same_o respect_n memor_n ambassad_n pag._n 523._o of_o old_a the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n do_v precede_v the_o commonwealth_n of_o venice_n but_o emanuel_n philbert_n duke_n of_o savoy_n during_o the_o oppression_n he_o lie_v under_o from_o charles_n the_o five_o put_v himself_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o venice_n and_o become_v a_o son_n of_o st._n mark_n and_o thereafter_o as_o the_o father_n behove_v to_o precede_v the_o son_n the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n yield_v to_o venice_n and_o as_o that_o duke_n pretend_v right_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o cyprus_n by_o the_o marriage_n of_o anne_n of_o cyprus_n and_o the_o donation_n of_o charlot_n of_o cyprus_n so_o venice_n pretend_v right_o to_o the_o same_o crown_n by_o the_o donation_n of_o catharine_n cornara_n widow_n to_o james_n king_n of_o cyprus_n the_o difference_n be_v now_o thus_o settle_v that_o venice_n shall_v treat_v the_o ambassador_n of_o savoy_n as_o they_o do_v these_o of_o king_n with_o the_o title_n of_o excellency_n and_o savoy_n shall_v allow_v venice_n the_o precedency_n memor_n ambassad_n pag._n 347._o mazarin_fw-mi treat_v the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o england_n as_o those_o send_v from_o king_n mem._n ambassad_n pag._n 334._o the_o canton_n of_o swiss_n be_v even_o of_o late_a a_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o by_o the_o treaty_n betwixt_o the_o empire_n and_o the_o king_n of_o swed_n 1648._o they_o be_v declare_v free_a state_n et_fw-la in_o possessione_n seu_fw-la quasi_fw-la possessione_n libertatis_fw-la &_o exemptionis_fw-la ab_fw-la imperio_fw-la and_o now_o their_o ambassador_n or_o envoy_n take_v place_n after_o the_o venetian_a and_o state_n general_n and_o albeit_o nolden_n de_fw-fr stat._n nobil_n think_v that_o if_o they_o be_v call_v to_o fit_v with_o the_o state_n of_o the_o empire_n upon_o any_o extraordinar_a occasion_n they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o much_o less_o to_o the_o elector_n for_o licet_fw-la jura_fw-la principum_fw-la habent_fw-la passive_a &_o materialiter_fw-la principes_fw-la tamen_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la formaliter_fw-la &_o active_a yet_o other_o lawyer_n prefer_v they_o to_o all_o the_o other_o state_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n except_o the_o elector_n crus_n pag._n 556._o the_o french_a king_n treat_v they_o with_o the_o title_n of_o magnifique_n signior_n and_o though_o their_o deputy_n can_v not_o prevail_v with_o the_o french_a king_n in_o anno_fw-la 1602._o and_o 1603._o to_o be_v cover_v when_o he_o receive_v they_o yet_o i_o conceive_v that_o now_o they_o will_v be_v receive_v as_o the_o ambassador_n of_o holland_n or_o venice_n who_o be_v cover_v at_o their_o reception_n since_o in_o anno_fw-la 1646._o they_o be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v a_o free_a state_n the_o grison_n ambassador_n be_v receive_v in_o anno_fw-la 1627._o as_o the_o minister_n send_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o with_o the_o same_o honour_n chap_n vi_o of_o the_o precedency_n of_o the_o elector_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n among_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o elector_n be_v still_o prefer_v which_o electoral_a college_n though_o say_v to_o be_v found_v by_o the_o emperor_n otho_n the_o three_o and_o pope_n gregory_n the_o five_o anno_fw-la 997_o yet_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o the_o say_a constitution_n arise_v from_o the_o great_a difficulty_n under_o which_o the_o empire_n be_v sink_v after_o the_o death_n of_o frederick_n the_o second_o among_o the_o elector_n the_o ecclesiastic_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o laic_n the_o ecclesiastic_a elector_n be_v the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n cullen_n and_o treves_n who_o precedency_n among_o themselves_o be_v first_o determine_v by_o charles_n the_o four_o so_o as_o that_o the_o bishop_n of_o treves_n be_v to_o sit_v just_o over_o against_o the_o emperor_n the_o bishop_n of_o mentz_n be_v to_o take_v place_n in_o all_o his_o own_o dyocie_n and_o in_o all_o germany_n whereas_o the_o archbishop_n of_o cullen_n be_v to_o take_v place_n in_o all_o his_o own_o dyocie_n and_o in_o italy_n and_o france_n and_o of_o old_a in_o the_o election_n of_o the_o emperor_n the_o bishop_n of_o mentz_n be_v prefer_v as_o arch-chancellor_n of_o germany_n the_o archbishop_n of_o treves_n as_o arch-chancellour_n of_o france_n and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o cullen_n as_o arch-chancellour_a of_o italy_n which_o order_n be_v confirm_v by_o frederick_n the_o 1._o anno_fw-la 1158._o the_o secular_a elector_n be_v rank_v thus_o by_o the_o golden-bull_n of_o charles_n the_o four_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n carry_v the_o sword_n immediate_o in_o all_o procession_n before_o the_o emperor_n the_o count-palatin_a the_o imperial_a apple_n walk_v on_o the_o emperor_n right_a hand_n the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o sceptre_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n and_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n be_v to_o follow_v he_o immediate_o but_o when_o they_o sit_v at_o any_o solemnity_n by_o the_o same_o bull_n the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n be_v a_o crowned-head_n be_v to_o sit_v first_o upon_o the_o emperor_n right_a hand_n after_o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n and_o cullen_n and_o upon_o the_o left_a after_o the_o ecclesiastic_a elector_n the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n have_v the_o first_o place_n and_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o second_o but_o yet_o i_o find_v beutherus_fw-la and_o other_o german_a lawyer_n contend_v from_o old_a manuscript_n that_o at_o first_o brandenburg_n have_v the_o precedency_n from_o the_o elector_n palatin_n and_o saxony_n the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n do_v of_o old_a contend_v with_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n in_o anno_fw-la 1521._o and_o their_o debate_n continue_v by_o protestation_n for_o many_o year_n and_o with_o the_o elector_n palatin_n till_o the_o emperor_n lewis_n the_o four_o ordain_v the_o palatin_n and_o bavaria_n to_o precede_v one_o another_o alternate_o though_o since_o the_o late_a wary_n of_o germany_n the_o elector_n palatin_n have_v usurp_v the_o crown_n of_o bohemia_n the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n be_v make_v the_o first_o elector_n in_o his_o place_n the_o elector_n palatin_n be_v now_o the_o last_o of_o the_o elector_n it_o be_v also_o observable_a that_o if_o any_o of_o the_o elector_n themselves_o be_v present_a they_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o ambassador_n and_o representative_n of_o all_o the_o absent_a elector_n as_o be_v decide_v in_o anno_fw-la
1654._o except_v only_o the_o ambassador_n of_o austria_n and_o the_o ambassador_n of_o foreign_a king_n be_v still_o allow_v to_o take_v place_n from_o all_o the_o elector_n except_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n in_o all_o the_o solemnity_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o the_o ambassador_n of_o commonwealth_n have_v claim_v the_o same_o precedency_n the_o emperor_n leopold_n have_v decern_v against_o they_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o elector_n crus_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 4._o the_o elder_a son_n of_o the_o elector_n precede_v all_o the_o other_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o archduke_n of_o austria_n have_v the_o first_o seat_n next_o to_o the_o elector_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o precedency_n of_o churchman_n i_o need_v not_o debate_v the_o difference_n that_o have_v fall_v in_o among_o the_o patriarch_n of_o rome_n constantinople_n antioch_n alexandria_n and_o jerusalem_n those_o of_o rome_n and_o constantinople_n have_v claim_v precedency_n because_o their_o see_n be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o roman_a and_o grecian_a empire_n those_o of_o jerusalem_n claim_v preference_n because_o the_o chief_a priesthood_n be_v once_o settle_v there_o those_o of_o antioch_n claim_v precedency_n because_o antioch_n be_v the_o first_o seat_n of_o christianity_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o 11._o chapter_n of_o the_o act_n and_o those_o of_o alexandria_n pretend_v that_o they_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o roman_a patriarch_n at_o least_o because_o alexandria_n be_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o east_n before_o the_o build_n of_o constantinople_n and_o the_o church_n thereof_o be_v by_o euseb._n lib._n 11._o say_v to_o be_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d vide_fw-la salmas_n de_fw-fr primate_n pap_n cap._n 12._o thus_o far_o do_v precedency_n invade_v even_o religion_n and_o raise_v emulation_n among_o those_o who_o pretend_v to_o be_v the_o great_a pattern_n of_o humility_n the_o roman_a patriarch_n be_v by_o phocas_n the_o emperor_n raise_v above_o all_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o year_n 606._o since_o which_o time_n they_o have_v raise_v themselves_o by_o several_a degree_n to_o the_o papacy_n though_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o even_o before_o that_o time_n the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n have_v the_o first_o seat_n in_o all_o council_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o justinian_o novella_n 131._o cap._n 2._o and_o in_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a adrian_n bishop_n of_o rome_n have_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d but_o the_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d or_o the_o power_n of_o precede_v do_v still_o belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n as_o have_v be_v full_o clear_v by_o crusius_n and_o other_o and_o though_o it_o be_v pretend_v that_o constantine_n the_o great_a do_v from_o christian_a humility_n prefer_v the_o successor_n of_o st._n peter_n as_o vicar_n of_o jesus_n christ_n to_o himself_o and_o that_o in_o the_o canon_n law_n cap._n constantinus_n 14._o dist._n 96._o the_o emperor_n constantin_n be_v bring_v in_o acknowledge_v himself_o to_o have_v lead_v the_o pope_n bridle_n and_o in_o the_o famous_a ceremonial_a of_o rome_n fol._n 21._o the_o emperor_n be_v allow_v no_o high_a place_n than_o the_o pope_n footstool_n yet_o frederick_n the_o 1._o emperor_n do_v contentious_o debate_v this_o precedency_n with_o adrian_n the_o four_o since_o which_o time_n it_o have_v be_v various_o acquiesce_v in_o by_o pope_n and_o emperor_n and_o though_o the_o legate_n be_v representative_n of_o the_o pope_n yet_o thuan_n tell_v we_o lib._n 98._o that_o the_o learned_a brissonius_n precedent_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n will_v not_o suffer_v the_o pope_n legate_n to_o precede_v he_o and_o at_o the_o coronation_n of_o charles_n the_o five_o the_o pop_z legate_n be_v deny_v the_o precedency_n from_o the_o elector_n the_o cardinal_n have_v debate_v for_o precedency_n with_o the_o patriarch_n though_o by_o the_o novella_n 132._o c._n 2._o justinian_n place_n patriarch_n next_o to_o the_o pope_n and_o panormit_fw-la in_o cap._n antiqua_fw-la x_o the_o privileg_n &_o excess_n praelat_fw-la prefer_v the_o patriarch_n to_o the_o cardinal_n and_o now_o by_o the_o concession_n of_o sextus_n quintus_n that_o pope_n have_v raise_v the_o cardinal_n to_o a_o equal_a degree_n with_o king_n and_o if_o king_n be_v present_a at_o table_n or_o other_o solemnity_n with_o cardinal_n if_o there_o be_v but_o one_o king_n he_o be_v to_o sit_v after_o the_o first_o cardinal_n bishop_n and_o if_o there_o be_v more_o king_n they_o sit_v mixt_o with_o the_o cardinal_n first_o a_o cardinal_n and_o then_o a_o king_n but_o though_o this_o hold_v among_o popish_a prince_n yet_o the_o author_n of_o les_fw-fr memoirs_fw-fr des_fw-fr ambassadeurs_fw-fr do_v observe_v that_o leicester_n grotius_n and_o the_o other_o ambassador_n of_o protestant_a prince_n never_o yield_v precedency_n to_o cardinal_n till_o lockhart_n ambassador_n for_o cromwell_n yield_v it_o to_o cardinal_n mazarine_n where_o he_o likewise_o observe_v that_o though_o the_o prince_n of_o condie_n yield_v the_o precedency_n to_o cardinal_n rechlieu_n yet_o the_o count_n of_o soisson_n refuse_v it_o the_o bishop_n of_o scotland_n precede_v in_o this_o manner_n archbishop_n of_o st._n andrews_n archbishop_n of_o glasgow_n bishop_n of_o edinburgh_n bishop_n of_o galloway_n bishop_n of_o dunkel_n bishop_n of_o aberdeen_n bishop_n of_o murray_n bishop_n of_o rosse_n bishop_n of_o brechin_n bishop_n of_o dumblane_n bishop_n of_o caithness_z bishop_n of_o the_o isle_n bishop_n of_o argyl_n bishop_n of_o orknay_n i_o find_v by_o letter_n in_o anno_fw-la 1625._o that_o before_o king_n james_n go_v into_o england_n the_o marquess_n of_o scotland_n do_v take_v place_n from_o the_o archbishop_n but_o now_o the_o archbishop_n take_v place_n from_o all_o duke_n and_o marquess_n in_o imitation_n of_o england_n and_o by_o a_o letter_n in_o anno_fw-la 1626._o renew_v in_o anno_fw-la 1664._o the_o archbishop_n of_o st._n andrews_n be_v to_o take_v place_n from_o all_o subject_n which_o be_v to_o be_v limit_v as_o not_o to_o exclude_v the_o king_n child_n and_o brother_n as_o i_o conceive_v and_o de_fw-la facto_fw-la the_o archbishop_n of_o st._n andrews_n ce_v to_o the_o chancellor_n since_o the_o letter_n the_o bishop_n of_o england_n preceed_n thus_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n archbishop_n of_o york_n bishop_n of_o london_n bishop_n of_o durham_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n bishop_n of_o st._n david_n bishop_n of_o ely_n bishop_n of_o norwich_n bishop_n of_o hereford_n bishop_n of_o salisbury_z bishop_n of_o peterborough_n bishop_n of_o carlisle_n bishop_n of_o worcester_z bishop_n of_o rochester_n bishop_n of_o landaff_n bishop_n of_o lincoln_n bishop_n of_o bangor_n bishop_n of_o exeter_n bishop_n of_o chichester_n bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n bishop_n of_o oxford_z bishop_n of_o lichfield_n and_o coventrie_n bishop_n of_o bristol_n bishop_n of_o gloucester_n bishop_n of_o chester_n bishop_n of_o bath_n and_o wells_n chap._n viii_o general_a observation_n concern_v the_o precedency_n of_o subject_n nobility_n be_v divide_v with_o we_o as_o in_o england_n in_o nobiles_fw-la majores_fw-la &_o minores_fw-la the_o great_a and_o the_o lesser_a nobility_n under_o the_o great_a be_v comprehend_v all_o such_o as_o be_v lord_n of_o parliament_n under_o the_o lesser_a be_v comprehend_v knight_n and_o gentleman_n and_o though_o all_o these_o be_v not_o peer_n of_o parliament_n yet_o they_o be_v all_o peer_n to_o one_o another_o and_o thus_o a_o gentleman_n may_v be_v offer_v to_o a_o duke_n daughter_n who_o ward_n and_o marriage_n fall_v to_o the_o king_n as_o have_v be_v often_o decide_v nor_o can_v that_o match_n be_v refuse_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o inequality_n and_o it_o have_v be_v find_v that_o though_o nobleman_n must_v be_v judge_v by_o their_o peer_n yet_o land_a gentleman_n may_v pass_v upon_o their_o assize_n and_o a_o nobleman_n be_v oblige_v to_o accept_v of_o a_o challenge_n from_o a_o gentleman_n as_o his_o peer_n where_o duel_n be_v lawful_a under_o the_o word_n barron_n all_o our_o nobility_n be_v comprehend_v as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o 81._o act._n parl._n 14._o ja._n 2d_o and_o the_o inscription_n of_o the_o first_o parliament_n of_o k._n ja._n 5_o where_o the_o parliament_n be_v say_v to_o be_v hold_v per_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la tutorem_fw-la una_fw-la cum_fw-la praelatis_fw-la barronibus_fw-la &_o burgorum_n commissariis_fw-la albeit_o the_o parliament_n of_o rob._n 1._o be_v cum_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la barronibus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la which_o show_v that_o there_o be_v other_o magnates_fw-la infra_fw-la barrone_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o young_a son_n of_o duke_n marquess_n etc._n etc._n be_v to_o be_v rank_v inter_fw-la nobiles_fw-la majores_fw-la since_o they_o sit_v not_o in_o parliament_n or_o inter_fw-la nobiles_fw-la minores_fw-la since_o they_o be_v design_v lord_n and_o take_v place_n from_o many_o of_o the_o nobiles_fw-la majores_fw-la the_o son_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v all_o king_n and_o sovereign_n in_o
in_o their_o respective_a robe_n and_o crown_n on_o their_o head_n come_v before_o the_o king_n they_o make_v their_o reverence_n then_o they_o be_v lead_v up_o by_o the_o master_n of_o ceremony_n some_o step_n and_o sit_v down_o on_o their_o knee_n on_o velvet_n cushion_n the_o lion_n make_v a_o harangue_n both_o to_o his_o majesty_n and_o to_o they_o declare_v to_o the_o nobleman_n that_o it_o please_v his_o majesty_n to_o promote_v they_o to_o that_o dignity_n and_o that_o he_o desire_v they_o to_o fear_n god_n and_o obey_v his_o power_n then_o he_o take_v their_o oath_n that_o they_o shall_v obey_v god_n his_o majesty_n and_o mantain_n the_o religion_n then_o profess_v thereafter_o the_o lion_n deliver_v to_o his_o majesty_n the_o patent_n and_o his_o majesty_n redeliver_v they_o to_o the_o lion_n who_o give_v they_o to_o the_o nobleman_n in_o token_n that_o they_o shall_v obey_v god_n and_o his_o majesty_n law_n afterward_o the_o lion_n deliver_v his_o majesty_n the_o marquis_n coronet_n his_o majesty_n redeliver_v they_o to_o the_o lion_n the_o lion_n put_v the_o crown_n on_o their_o head_n say_v john_n marquis_n of_o hamilton_n earl_n of_o arran_n lord_n even_o etc._n etc._n george_n marquis_n of_o huntly_n earl_n of_o enzie_n lord_n gordon_n and_o badzenoch_n etc._n etc._n the_o same_o be_v proclaim_v forth_o of_o the_o window_n by_o the_o herald_n and_o pursivant_n with_o sound_n of_o trumpet_n then_o be_v they_o convey_v to_o their_o seat_n and_o place_v above_o the_o earl_n upon_o the_o king_n left_a hand_n trumpet_n sound_v the_o lion_n desire_v his_o majesty_n to_o honour_v the_o gentleman_n who_o bear_v the_o honour_n with_o the_o honour_n of_o knighthood_n his_o majesty_n consent_v the_o lion_n cause_v they_o sit_v down_o on_o their_o knee_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o all_o the_o stage_n and_o after_o he_o have_v make_v a_o exhortation_n to_o they_o and_o receive_v all_o their_o oath_n they_o hold_v up_o their_o hand_n and_o promise_v to_o obey_v all_o the_o injunction_n the_o lion_n present_v the_o sword_n to_o his_o majesty_n who_o strike_v each_o of_o they_o therewith_o on_o the_o right_a shoulder_n and_o sir_n offer_v the_o spur_n the_o lion_n first_o proclaim_v their_o styl_n and_o after_o the_o herald_n and_o pursivant_n at_o the_o window_n with_o sound_n of_o trumpet_n i_o find_v this_o difference_n in_o the_o creation_n of_o many_o earl_n from_o what_o be_v here_o set_v down_o that_o the_o four_o gentleman_n bear_v the_o honour_n thus_o the_o first_o the_o penon_n the_o second_o the_o standart_n the_o three_o sword_n and_o belt_n the_o four_o the_o crown_n and_o last_o the_o lion_n bear_v the_o patent_n in_o a_o velvet_n bag_n and_o that_o the_o lion_n offer_v first_o to_o his_o majesty_n the_o sword_n and_o belt_n and_o receive_v it_o back_o put_v it_o on_o the_o person_n nobilitat_fw-la as_o also_o when_o the_o king_n be_v not_o present_a and_o after_o his_o go_v to_o england_n the_o ceremony_n be_v perform_v be_v his_o majesty_n high_a commissioner_n if_o there_o be_v one_o at_o the_o time_n or_o otherwise_o a_o writ_n be_v direct_v to_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n appoint_v he_o commissioner_n for_o that_o creation_n and_o then_o the_o first_o thing_n that_o be_v do_v after_o the_o person_n to_o be_v create_v be_v bring_v in_o the_o lion_n give_v the_o patent_n to_o the_o commissioner_n who_o give_v it_o to_o the_o register_n or_o clerk_n of_o council_n to_o be_v read_v and_o i_o observe_v this_o in_o all_o our_o old_a creation_n that_o if_o the_o person_n to_o be_v dignify_v be_v a_o lord_n former_o he_o be_v convey_v in_o be_v two_o lord_n and_o the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o new_a creation_n be_v over_o be_v convey_v to_o his_o place_n by_o two_o of_o that_o degree_n to_o which_o he_o be_v advance_v the_o english_a nobility_n be_v sometime_o create_v by_o be_v call_v in_o a_o write_v to_o parliament_n under_o the_o designation_n of_o earl_n viscount_n etc._n etc._n which_o way_n be_v unknown_a to_o we_o in_o scotland_n though_o the_o king_n may_v introduce_v it_o at_o his_o pleasure_n the_o precedency_n among_o subject_n be_v thus_o establish_v in_o both_o kingdom_n duke_n of_o the_o blood_n royal_a other_o duke_n according_a to_o their_o creation_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o duke_n of_o the_o blood_n royal_a marquess_n according_a to_o their_o creation_n duke_n elder_a son_n earl_n according_a to_o their_o creation_n marquis_n elder_a son_n duke_n young_a son_n viscount_n according_a to_o their_o creation_n earl_n elder_a son_n marquess_n young_a son_n baron_n who_o we_o call_v lord_n viscount_v elder_a son_n earl_n young_a son_n baron_n elder_a son_n barronet_n viscount_v young_a son_n but_o the_o officer_n in_o england_n be_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n henry_n the_o 8._o thus_o rank_v lord_n chancellor_n lord_n thesaurer_n the_o lord_n precedent_n of_o the_o privy_a council_n the_o lord_n privy_a seal_n these_o four_o be_v of_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o baron_n or_o above_o shall_v sit_v in_o parliament_n and_o all_o assembly_n of_o council_n above_o duke_n not_o be_v of_o the_o blood_n royal._n the_o lord_n great_a chamberlain_n the_o lord_n high_a constable_n of_o england_n the_o earl_n marishal_n of_o england_n the_o lord_n admiral_n of_o england_n the_o lord_n great_a master_n or_o steward_n of_o the_o house_n the_o lord_n chamberlain_z of_o the_o household_n these_o last_o six_o and_o the_o king_n principle_n secretary_n take_v place_n according_a to_o their_o present_a state_n so_o that_o if_o they_o be_v baron_n they_o take_v place_n above_o all_o baron_n if_o earl_n above_o all_o earl_n if_o duke_n above_o all_o duke_n by_o a_o decree_n and_o establishment_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n 1_o o._n jacobi_fw-la the_o follow_a person_n be_v thus_o rank_v knight_n of_o the_o garter_n knight_n of_o the_o privy_a council_n the_o master_n of_o the_o ward_n and_o livery_n the_o lord_n chancellor_n and_o under-thesaur_a of_o the_o exchequer_n the_o chancellor_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o chief_a justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n the_o master_n of_o the_o roll_n the_o chief_a justice_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n the_o chief_a baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n the_o other_o judge_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o coif_n the_o young_a son_n of_o viscount_n the_o young_a son_n of_o baron_n the_o barronet_n the_o precedency_n among_o our_o nobility_n differ_v nothing_o from_o what_o be_v here_o set_v down_o england_n and_o we_o agree_v in_o all_o point_n since_o the_o union_n of_o the_o two_o kingdom_n and_o especial_o since_o the_o coronation_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o at_o which_o time_n he_o declare_v he_o will_v have_v it_o so_o but_o to_o prevent_v difference_n betwixt_o the_o nobility_n of_o both_o kingdom_n it_o be_v order_v that_o all_o those_o of_o the_o same_o degree_n in_o england_n shall_v in_o england_n take_v place_n from_o all_o those_o of_o the_o same_o degree_n in_o scotland_n and_o all_o those_o of_o the_o same_o degree_n in_o scotland_n shall_v in_o scotland_n take_v place_n of_o the_o english_a that_o be_v to_o say_v all_z the_o english_a duke_n shall_v take_v place_n in_o england_n of_o all_o the_o scot_n duke_n and_o all_o the_o scottish_a duke_n in_o scotland_n shall_v take_v place_n of_o all_o the_o english_a duke_n which_o be_v very_o just_a and_o suitable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o as_o to_o the_o rank_v of_o our_o officer_n we_o differ_v much_o from_o england_n for_o clear_v whereof_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o know_v that_o with_o we_o there_o be_v officer_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o officer_n of_o state_n the_o officer_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v all_o design_v of_o scotland_n as_o constabularius_fw-la scotiae_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o king_n malcom_n the_o ii_o his_o parliament_n the_o office_n then_o extant_a be_v the_o chancellor_n the_o justice_n general_n the_o chamberlain_z the_o steward_n the_o constable_n and_o marishal_n and_o they_o be_v thus_o rank_v and_o have_v their_o respective_a fe_n but_o by_o the_o act_n 31._o parl._n 11._o ja._n 6._o the_o office_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v the_o thesaurer_n secretary_n the_o collector_n which_o office_n be_v now_o join_v with_o the_o thesaurer_n the_o justice_n general_n justice_z clerk_z advocate_n master_n of_o request_n clerk_n of_o register_n and_o though_o these_o be_v call_v officer_n of_o the_o crown_n there_o i_o conceive_v they_o differ_v not_o from_o the_o officer_n of_o state_n and_o these_o word_n officer_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o officer_n of_o state_n be_v now_o equipollent_a term_n so_o far_o that_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o state_n be_v officer_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o this_o act_n but_o the_o high_a chamberlain_n constable_n admiral_z and_o marishal_n be_v officer_n of_o the_o crown_n but_o be_v not_o officer_n of_o state_n
the_o nature_n of_o those_o certification_n they_o ought_v to_o take_v place_n every_o where_o except_o where_o express_a law_n or_o decision_n have_v restrict_v they_o and_o therefore_o since_o there_o be_v no_o law_n nor_o decision_n declare_v that_o certificationss_n shall_v not_o be_v grant_v against_o paten_n or_o infeftment_n which_o transmit_v honour_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v grant_v against_o these_o aswell_o as_o against_o other_o right_n nor_o be_v it_o crave_v that_o these_o certification_n shall_v run_v against_o honour_n transmit_v via_fw-la facti_fw-la such_o as_o robe_n and_o belt_a and_o though_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v not_o design_v by_o his_o infeftment_n the_o first_o earl_n yet_o that_o can_v hinder_v he_o from_o remove_v by_o this_o certification_n all_o write_v or_o evident_n which_o may_v hinder_v he_o to_o be_v the_o first_o upon_o which_o debate_n the_o lord_n refuse_v to_o grant_v certification_n against_o such_o patent_n or_o infeftment_n course_n take_v by_o prince_n and_o judge_n when_o they_o intend_v to_o shun_v the_o decyde_n of_o contraversy_n concern_v precedency_n and_o to_o preserve_v the_o right_n of_o all_o the_o competitor_n first_o they_o ordain_v the_o competitor_n to_o precede_v one_o another_o by_o turn_n and_o alternative_o and_o thus_o the_o emperor_n lewis_n the_o four_o do_v in_o anno_fw-la 1328._o decide_v betwixt_o the_o prince_n palatine_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n and_o so_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n decide_v in_o anno_fw-la 1616_o but_o lest_o the_o first_o turn_n shall_v give_v the_o precedency_n that_o use_v to_o be_v decide_v by_o lot_n and_o i_o find_v this_o alternation_n very_o old_a for_o the_o theban_n do_v so_o decide_v betwixt_o the_o brother-king_n etheocles_n and_o polinix_n and_o plutarch_n observe_v the_o same_o betwixt_o thyestes_n and_o attreus_n second_o they_o use_v to_o assign_v one_o of_o the_o competitor_n a_o place_n out_o of_o all_o rank_n as_o be_v do_v to_o the_o spanish_a ambassador_n in_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n and_o be_v frequent_o do_v in_o our_o parliament_n but_o though_o this_o preserve_v the_o right_a it_o insinuate_v a_o cede_a and_o therefore_o the_o just_a way_n be_v to_o place_n both_o so_o without_o the_o bench_n as_o that_o neither_o of_o their_o seat_n can_v show_v any_o preference_n as_o be_v do_v at_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n betwixt_o the_o emperor_n ambassador_n and_o the_o cardinal_n of_o trent_n three_o they_o use_v to_o cause_v they_o enter_v by_o several_a door_n as_o be_v observe_v betwixt_o the_o queen_n of_o france_n and_o margaret_z sister_n to_o charles_n the_o five_o as_o guicciardin_n observe_v four_o they_o use_v round_a table_n or_o to_o write_v the_o name_n of_o the_o pretender_n in_o a_o circle_n a_o example_n whereof_o we_o have_v in_o gaius_n lib._n 1._o institut_n and_o pope_n vrbane_n have_v desire_v the_o franciscan_n to_o give_v he_o three_o of_o their_o number_n out_o of_o which_o he_o may_v choose_v one_o to_o be_v cardinal_n they_o write_v down_o their_o three_o name_n circular-way_n but_o in_o this_o case_n the_o name_n shall_v be_v write_v down_o exact_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o table_n or_o paper_n for_o else_o as_o crantzius_n observe_v he_o who_o name_n be_v next_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o paper_n have_v thereby_o some_o precedency_n five_o the_o elder_a of_o the_o competitor_n be_v still_o ordain_v to_o precede_v of_o which_o livius_n give_v a_o instance_n lib._n 42._o and_o king_n james_n the_o six_o decide_v so_o between_o several_a family_n in_o scotland_n and_o particular_o between_o the_o laird_n of_o blair_n and_o balthaok_n six_o sometime_o he_o who_o be_v first_o promote_v to_o a_o benefice_n or_o office_n be_v prefer_v where_o the_o difference_n be_v betwixt_o the_o office_n or_o benefice_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v decide_v betwixt_o the_o see_v of_o rheims_n and_o treves_n sevent_o sometime_o also_o the_o competitor_n be_v prefer_v according_a as_o they_o produce_v their_o commission_n as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n betwixt_o the_o ambassador_n of_o portugal_n and_o hungary_n and_o the_o polonian_n do_v frequent_o in_o competition_n between_o ambassador_n prefer_v he_o who_o first_o enter_v their_o territory_n bodin_n de_fw-fr repub._n lib._n 1._o cap._n 9_o eight_o sometime_o also_o the_o competitor_n be_v ordain_v to_o give_v their_o suffrage_n and_o precede_v according_a to_o the_o respect_n due_a to_o the_o nation_n and_o not_o to_o the_o person_n as_o be_v decide_v in_o the_o council_n of_o constans_n and_o basil._n nine_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o octavius_n farnesius_n prince_n of_o parma_n and_o placentia_n to_o shun_v the_o difference_n of_o precedency_n betwixt_o his_o two_o town_n of_o parma_n and_o placentia_n do_v write_v himself_o duke_n of_o p._n p._n and_o king_n james_n the_o six_o to_o shun_v any_o debate_n that_o can_v have_v be_v between_o scotland_n and_o england_n assume_v the_o title_n of_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n ten_o some_o use_n to_o secure_v themselves_o against_o such_o contest_v by_o protestation_n which_o certain_o do_v interrupt_v prescription_n and_o preserve_v the_o protester_n right_a l._n 14._o §_o 8._o ff_n de_fw-fr relig._n but_o in_o that_o case_n the_o protestation_n must_v be_v present_o interpose_v for_o protestation_n after_o the_o deed_n controvert_v be_v end_v and_o pass_v be_v conclude_v to_o be_v of_o no_o value_n carpzol_n def_n 22._o for_o protestation_n can_v be_v draw_v back_o but_o it_o have_v be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o person_n against_o who_o the_o protestation_n be_v take_v do_v prejudge_v himself_o when_o he_o do_v not_o protest_v in_o the_o contrar_n for_o this_o seem_v to_o infer_v a_o acquiescence_n that_o the_o protestation_n be_v just_a since_o qui_fw-la tacet_fw-la consentire_fw-la videtur_fw-la and_o this_o be_v the_o occasion_n why_o in_o our_o judicature_n when_o one_o protest_v the_o other_o ordinary_o protest_v in_o the_o contrare_fw-la but_o yet_o it_o be_v general_o conclude_v that_o silence_n in_o that_o case_n do_v not_o prejudge_v he_o against_o who_o the_o protestation_n be_v take_v since_o he_o know_v that_o in_o law_n the_o protestation_n secure_v his_o right_n tusc._n tom_n 6._o conclus_fw-la 941._o finis_fw-la
the_o first_o two_o race_n because_o according_a to_o the_o old_a german_a custom_n the_o few_o and_o honour_n be_v divide_v equal_o among_o the_o son_n as_o now_o all_o the_o son_n of_o a_o duke_n be_v duke_n there_o etc._n etc._n but_o thereafter_o all_o the_o other_o child_n except_o the_o elder_a get_v only_a place_n and_o precedency_n according_a to_o their_o office_n or_o dignity_n until_o philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n succeed_v as_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n in_o a_o remote_a degree_n after_o which_o the_o french_a thought_n fit_a to_o give_v precedency_n to_o those_o who_o may_v one_o day_n be_v their_o king_n and_o so_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n get_v precedency_n from_o all_o subject_n with_o we_o the_o king_n child_n uncle_n and_o nephew_n only_o have_v precedency_n from_o all_o subject_n and_o in_o scotland_n no_o remote_a degree_n precede_v as_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n for_o the_o family_n of_o hamiltoun_n kinghorne_n fintrie_a and_o other_o be_v descend_v from_o our_o king_n by_o lawful_a marriage_n but_o have_v no_o precedency_n upon_o that_o account_n the_o first_o place_n next_o to_o the_o king_n be_v due_a to_o the_o prince_n of_o scotland_n among_o we_o who_o be_v likewise_o duke_n of_o rothesay_n as_o the_o second_o son_n be_v earl_n of_o ross_n that_o be_v a_o appanage_n inseparable_a from_o he_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n but_o at_o present_a his_o royal_a highness_n be_v with_o we_o duke_n of_o albany_n as_o he_o be_v duke_n of_o york_n in_o england_n it_o have_v be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o king_n son_n uncle_n nephew_n etc._n etc._n have_v the_o precedency_n from_o the_o king_n officer_n in_o the_o actual_a exercise_n of_o their_o office_n as_o at_o coronation_n ride_v of_o parliament_n in_o which_o it_o be_v the_o constable_n privilege_n to_o ride_v upon_o the_o king_n right_a hand_n and_o the_o marishal_n on_o his_o left_a in_o his_o return_n from_o the_o parliament_n house_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o difficulty_n be_v because_o these_o be_v act_n which_o follow_v the_o office_n and_o not_o blood_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o action_n require_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v post_v where_o they_o may_v be_v most_o serviceable_a i_o find_v likewise_o that_o this_o have_v be_v debate_v in_o france_n whereupon_o in_o anno_fw-la 1576._o henry_n the_o three_o emit_v a_o ordinance_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o with_o we_o his_o royal_a highness_n the_o duke_n of_o york_n at_o his_o majesty_n coronation_n precede_v all_o the_o officer_n among_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n the_o last_o descend_v from_o the_o royal_a family_n have_v still_o precedency_n according_o but_o though_o this_o hold_n in_o the_o branch_n yet_o the_o elder_a of_o the_o same_o branch_n will_v precede_v all_o of_o that_o branch_n and_o thus_o the_o prince_n palatine_n grandchild_n will_v succeed_v to_o the_o crown_n before_o prince_n rupert_n his_o brother_n though_o prince_n rupert_n be_v several_a degree_n near_o i_o find_v that_o of_o old_a all_o churchman_n be_v rank_v together_o and_o be_v first_o rank_v before_o all_o laic_n and_o thus_o the_o parliament_n of_o king_n robert_n the_o first_o be_v habito_fw-la solemni_fw-la tractatu_fw-la cum_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la and_o even_o before_o the_o king_n son_n brother_n or_o nephew_n thus_o king_n robert_n the_o first_o grant_v a_o charter_n to_o the_o abbacy_n of_o aberbrothick_n confirm_v a_o ratification_n make_v to_o they_o be_v lundie_n wherein_o the_o witness_n be_v reverendis_fw-la waltero_fw-la &_o gilberto_n episcopis_fw-la etc._n etc._n davide_n deuce_n de_fw-fr rothesay_n comite_fw-la de_fw-fr carrick_n carissimo_fw-la nostro_fw-la filio_fw-la primigenito_o roberto_n deuce_n de_fw-fr albania_n comite_fw-la fyffe_n &_o fratre_fw-la nostro_fw-la and_o even_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n be_v rank_v before_o they_o and_o when_o any_o of_o they_o be_v officer_n of_o state_n they_o be_v name_v according_a to_o their_o ecclesiastic_a preferment_n thus_o jacobo_fw-la sancti_fw-la andreae_n episcopo_fw-la galvino_n archiepiscopo_fw-la glasevensi_fw-la cancellario_fw-la nostro_fw-la and_o in_o the_o session_n when_o it_o consist_v of_o half_a churchman_n half_a laic_n the_o churchman_n sit_v on_o the_o chancellor_n right_a hand_n and_o vote_v first_o but_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v from_o these_o instance_n that_o therefore_o of_o old_a any_o churchman_n do_v take_v place_n from_o the_o king_n son_n no_o more_o than_o that_o a_o bishop_n take_v then_o place_n of_o a_o earl_n because_o he_o be_v name_v before_o they_o the_o archbishop_n of_o st._n andrews_n be_v by_o a_o special_a letter_n in_o anno_fw-la 1626._o and_o renew_v in_o january_n 1664._o declare_v to_o have_v the_o precedency_n from_o the_o chancellor_n and_o all_o his_o majesty_n subject_n in_o time_n of_o popery_n he_o be_v legatus_fw-la natus_fw-la and_o both_o then_o and_o now_o he_o be_v totius_fw-la scotiae_fw-la primus_fw-la but_o though_o by_o this_o letter_n he_o be_v ordain_v to_o take_v the_o place_n of_o all_o subject_n yet_o i_o think_v it_o will_v not_o give_v he_o place_n from_o the_o king_n son_n uncle_n and_o nephew_n though_o they_o be_v likewise_o subject_n since_o the_o word_n subject_n must_v be_v here_o interpret_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o nation_n by_o which_o these_o near_a relation_n of_o prince_n be_v prefer_v to_o all_o other_o subject_n the_o nobility_n of_o scotland_n be_v either_o declare_v such_o by_o feudal_n erection_n their_o land_n be_v erect_v by_o the_o king_n in_o a_o duchy_n earldom_n etc._n etc._n which_o do_v of_o itself_o make_v he_o a_o duke_n or_o earl_n in_o who_o favour_n the_o land_n be_v so_o erect_v or_o else_o they_o get_v patent_n of_o honour_n declare_v they_o duke_n earl_n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o be_v a_o much_o late_a way_n none_o be_v nobilitated_a by_o patent_n among_o we_o before_o king_n james_n the_o first_o the_o three_o way_n of_o nobilitate_v with_o we_o be_v by_o creation_n and_o solemn_a investiture_n the_o whole_a form_n whereof_o will_v in_o all_o its_o ceremony_n be_v best_a know_v by_o the_o follow_a narration_n the_o form_n of_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o marquis_n of_o hamilton_n and_o marquis_n of_o huntly_n tuesday_n the_o 17_o of_o april_n 1599_o in_o his_o majesty_n great_a chamber_n in_o the_o abbey_n of_o holy-rood-house_n where_o the_o like_a ceremony_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v do_v be_v rich_o hang_v with_o tapestry_n five_o stage_n or_o degree_n of_o timber_n be_v erect_v one_o for_o his_o majesty_n on_o the_o westside_n whereon_o his_o majesty_n chair_n of_o state_n be_v set_v under_o the_o pale_a of_o honour_n one_o for_o the_o duke_n one_o for_o the_o earl_n one_o for_o the_o lord_n and_o one_o for_o the_o knight_n there_o be_v also_o before_o the_o throne_n a_o table_n cover_v with_o cloth_n of_o gold_n whereon_o be_v lay_v the_o sword_n sceptre_n and_o crown_n the_o nobleman_n attend_v the_o ceremony_n in_o their_o respective_a seat_n in_o their_o robe_n and_o his_o majesty_n in_o his_o rob-royal_a be_v place_v in_o his_o chair_n the_o queen_n sit_v by_o the_o lion_n king_n of_o arm_n and_o master_n of_o ceremony_n with_o the_o herald_n and_o pursivant_n in_o their_o coat_n and_o trumpet_n sound_v bring_v in_o before_o his_o majesty_n these_o two_o nobleman_n viz._n the_o earl_n of_o arran_n and_o huntly_n the_o first_o convey_v be_v the_o duke_n of_o lennox_n and_o earl_n of_o mar_n the_o second_o be_v the_o chancellor_n and_o earl_n of_o caithnes_n thereafter_o the_o lion_n ask_v his_o majesty_n if_o his_o majesty_n will_v be_v please_v to_o promote_v these_o nobleman_n to_o further_a honour_n his_o majesty_n answer_v yes_o then_o the_o lion_n master_n of_o ceremony_n with_o herald_n pursivant_n and_o trumpet_n convey_v they_o into_o the_o green_a council-chamber_n where_o they_o be_v devest_v of_o their_o comital_a robe_n and_o vest_v in_o the_o habit_n of_o a_o marquis_n and_o so_o be_v again_o convey_v to_o his_o majesty_n presence_n thus_o the_o ordinary_a macer_n that_o attend_v the_o chancellor_n and_o session_n make_v place_n master_n of_o ceremony_n trumpet_n sound_v with_o the_o nobleman_n colour_n at_o their_o trumpet_n pursivant_n in_o their_o coat_n herald_n in_o their_o coat_n four_o gentleman_n for_o each_o of_o the_o person_n to_o be_v create_v bear_v their_o honour_n viz._n for_o my_o lord_n arran_n robert_n hamilton_n of_o goslington_n the_o penon_n alexander_n hamilton_n of_o fenton_n the_o banner_n claud_n hamilton_n of_o shawfield_n the_o marquis_n crown_n john_n campbel_n of_o ardkinlas_n the_o patent_n for_o my_o lord_n huntly_n john_n ogilvy_n of_o the_o craig_n the_o penon_n john_n crichton_n of_o frendraught_n the_o banner_n mark_v ker_n of_o ormistoun_n the_o crown_n alexander_n gordon_n of_o strathdon_n the_o patent_n lion_n king_n of_o arms._n the_o two_o earl_n convey_v be_v the_o forename_a nobleman_n
senescallus_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la be_v next_o in_o these_o law_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o high_a steward_n of_o scotland_n and_o allanus_fw-la senescallus_fw-la scotiae_fw-la be_v very_o famous_a in_o all_o the_o old_a charter_n and_o he_o be_v still_o place_v before_o the_o constable_n and_o marischal_n and_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o high_a steward_n and_o the_o steward_n of_o the_o king_n house_n be_v the_o same_o for_o those_o law_n mention_v only_o the_o steward_n of_o the_o king_n house_n but_o now_o the_o prince_n be_v senescallus_fw-la natus_fw-la scotiae_fw-la under_o he_o be_v there_o place_v the_o panetarius_n who_o command_v over_o all_o the_o baker_n and_o buttelarius_n who_o command_v over_o all_o the_o keeper_n of_o tavern_n etc._n etc._n i_o find_v the_o lord_n soul_n be_v buttelarius_n scotiae_fw-la in_o the_o letter_n before_o set_v down_o direct_v from_o the_o nobility_n of_o scotland_n to_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n robert_n the_o bruce_n and_o i_o have_v see_v a_o charter_n wherein_o john_n and_o thomas_n murraye_v son_n to_o the_o governor_n of_o scotland_n sir_n andrew_n murray_n be_v design_v panetarii_fw-la scotiae_fw-la upon_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o john_n cunning_a earl_n of_o monteith_n in_o anno_fw-la 1348._o which_o earl_n of_o monteith_n be_v former_o panetarius_n next_o to_o these_o be_v name_v in_o the_o foresay_a law_n the_o constable_n and_o marischal_n but_o now_o the_o constable_n and_o marischal_n take_v not_o place_n as_o officer_n of_o the_o crown_n but_o according_a to_o their_o creation_n as_o earl_n the_o reason_n whereof_o i_o conceive_v to_o be_v because_o of_o old_a office_n do_v not_o prefer_v those_o who_o possess_v they_o but_o they_o take_v place_n according_a to_o their_o creation_n whereas_o now_o the_o privy-seal_n precede_v all_o duke_n and_o the_o secretary_n take_v place_n before_o all_o of_o his_o own_o rank_n but_o the_o constable_n and_o marischal_n be_v now_o the_o only_a 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little_a use_n for_o the_o constable_n and_o marischal_n the_o constable_n with_o we_o in_o these_o northern-nation_n be_v the_o same_o office_n that_o the_o come_v stabuli_fw-la be_v under_o the_o roman_a empire_n which_o may_v be_v confirm_v by_o two_o clear_a testimony_n of_o great_a antiquity_n one_o be_v of_o aimon_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 7._o land_n gesilis_fw-la regalium_fw-la praepositus_fw-la equorum_fw-la quem_fw-la vulgo_fw-la comes_fw-la stabuli_fw-la vocant_fw-la the_o other_o be_v from_o rhegino_n lib._n 2._o annalium_fw-la burchardum_fw-la comitem_fw-la stabuli_fw-la svi_fw-la quem_fw-la corrupt_a constabulum_fw-la appellabis_fw-la cum_fw-la class_n misit_fw-la in_o corsicam_fw-la though_o the_o learned_a cujac_n do_v believe_v that_o this_o title_n come_v from_o the_o word_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d which_o signify_v a_o company_n of_o man_n of_o war_n ad_fw-la l._n unic_fw-la de_fw-fr comit._n &_o tribun_n scolar_n and_o there_o be_v some_o who_o derive_v it_o from_o the_o word_n koning_n which_o signify_v a_o king_n and_o staple_n which_o signify_v a_o hold_n because_o some_o constable_n be_v commander_n of_o the_o king_n house_n but_o i_o find_v that_o the_o high_a constable_n do_v command_v the_o king_n army_n but_o be_v express_o debar_v from_o command_v either_o his_o house_n or_o garrison_n as_o l'oiseau_n well_o observe_v lib._n 4._o cap._n 2._o because_o say_v he_o it_o be_v a_o great_a power_n that_o one_o man_n shall_v command_v both_o the_o army_n and_o the_o garrison_n the_o badge_n of_o his_o office_n be_v and_o be_v a_o naked_a sword_n which_o in_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v the_o badge_n of_o the_o office_n praefecti_fw-la praetorio_fw-la and_o trajan_n give_v the_o naked_a sword_n to_o suro_n licinius_n who_o be_v his_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la give_v it_o with_o these_o word_n pro_fw-la i_o si_fw-la mereor_fw-la in_o i_o which_o word_n be_v thereafter_o put_v by_o buchanan_n with_o a_o naked_a sword_n upon_o the_o money_n coin_v during_o the_o minority_n of_o king_n james_n the_o six_o the_o constable_n with_o we_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o king_n malcolm_n cap._n 6._o judge_n to_o all_o crime_n commit_v within_o twelve_o mile_n to_o the_o king_n house_n or_o habitation_n though_o skeen_n observe_v that_o the_o best_a manuscript_n bear_v only_o two_o league_n but_o now_o his_o jurisdiction_n be_v only_o exercise_v either_o as_o to_o crime_n or_o otherwise_o during_o the_o time_n of_o parliament_n which_o some_o extend_v likewise_o to_o all_o general_a convention_n the_o marischal_n be_v a_o german_a word_n and_o office_n original_o as_o the_o learned_a tillet_n prove_v full_o a_o marker_n of_o camp_n and_o the_o axe_n which_o he_o bear_v as_o the_o badge_n of_o his_o office_n be_v that_o instrument_n wherewith_o he_o do_v break_v the_o ground_n though_o now_o this_o part_n of_o his_o office_n be_v delegated_a to_o the_o marischal_n du_fw-fr camp_n the_o marischal_n command_v the_o horse_n as_o tillet_n prove_v whereas_o the_o constable_n command_v both_o but_o yet_o our_o learned_a craig_n call_v the_o constable_n only_a praefectus_fw-la equitum_fw-la and_o yet_o as_o tillet_n observe_v the_o marischal_n be_v not_o under_o the_o constable_n else_o he_o can_v not_o be_v a_o officer_n of_o the_o crown_n for_o it_o be_v essential_a to_o all_o officer_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o officer_n of_o state_n to_o depend_v upon_o none_o but_o the_o king_n of_o old_a i_o find_v the_o order_n in_o military_a case_n run_v to_o our_o constable_n and_o marischal_n the_o office_n of_o marischal_n have_v never_o be_v out_o of_o the_o family_n of_o keith_n but_o the_o earl_n of_o athol_n and_o several_a other_o have_v be_v constable_n of_o scotland_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o the_o earl_n marischal_n have_v no_o other_o title_n but_o the_o high_a constable_n design_n himself_o earl_n of_o errol_n we_o have_v no_o knight_n marischal_n in_o scotland_n till_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o coronation_n in_o anno_fw-la 1633._o at_o which_o time_n it_o be_v erect_v by_o a_o letter_n to_o the_o privy_a council_n by_o his_o office_n he_o be_v to_o take_v place_n immediate_o after_o the_o young_a son_n of_o lord_n the_o thesaurer_n be_v not_o mention_v among_o these_o officer_n of_o the_o crown_n under_o king_n malcolm_n keanmore_n and_o of_o old_a it_o have_v be_v think_v but_o a_o office_n of_o the_o king_n house_n for_o in_o a_o confirmation_n grant_v to_o the_o abbacy_n of_o aberbrothick_n in_o anno_fw-la 1529._o by_o king_n james_n the_o five_o after_o reverendissimis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la and_o dilectis_fw-la consanguineis_fw-la be_v enumerate_v as_o witness_n dilectis_fw-la familiaribus_fw-la nostris_fw-la roberto_n barton_n nostro_fw-la thesaurario_fw-la &_o computorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la rotulatore_fw-la nor_o do_v i_o find_v a_o thesaurer_n design_v as_o witness_n in_o any_o of_o the_o king_n charter_n till_o then_o though_o some_o foolish_o think_v that_o panetarius_n be_v thesaurer_n and_o though_o the_o word_n familiar_a counsellor_n be_v now_o give_v to_o all_o officer_n of_o state_n who_o be_v not_o earl_n because_o they_o can_v be_v call_v cousin_n yet_o of_o old_a it_o be_v only_o give_v to_o those_o of_o the_o king_n own_o family_n and_o be_v derive_v à _fw-la familia_fw-la though_o now_o familiar_a be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o intimate_v till_o of_o late_a thesaurer_n comptroller_n and_o collector_n of_o the_o augmentation_n be_v three_o different_a office_n but_o now_o they_o be_v all_o join_v in_o one_o comptroller_n be_v in_o the_o old_a register_n call_v rotulator_n the_o thesaurer_n take_v now_o place_n as_o second_o officer_n of_o state_n next_o to_o the_o chancellor_n next_o to_o the_o thesaurer_n be_v the_o precedent_n of_o the_o privy-council_n after_o he_o the_o privy-seal_n but_o the_o secetary_n be_v only_o first_o of_o his_o own_o rank_n that_o be_v if_o a_o duke_n the_o first_o duke_n etc._n etc._n of_o old_a the_o secretary_n be_v a_o very_a honourable_a employment_n for_o as_o
upon_o the_o 20._o of_o may_n 1619._o declare_v that_o the_o lady_n of_o the_o privy_a chamber_n shall_v in_o time_n of_o mourning_n take_v their_o place_n as_o if_o the_o queen_n be_v live_v till_o the_o funeral_n be_v end_v and_o that_o the_o queen_n chamberer_n shall_v for_o the_o present_a funeral_n go_v before_o countess_n woman_n without_o prejudice_n to_o countess_n woman_n at_o any_o time_n thereafter_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o observe_v that_o the_o wife_n and_o daughter_n of_o all_o duke_n marquess_n earl_n etc._n etc._n do_v take_v the_o same_o place_n that_o the_o husband_n and_o son_n do_v conform_v to_o the_o precedency_n former_o express_v pag._n 35._o and_o i_o find_v in_o the_o herald_n office_n of_o england_n a_o establishment_n settle_v thus_o among_o woman_n by_o jasper_n duke_n of_o bedford_n and_o other_o nobleman_n by_o warrant_n from_o henry_n the_o four_o the_o wife_n of_o duke_n of_o the_o blood_n royal_a the_o wife_n of_o other_o duke_n the_o wife_n of_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o duke_n of_o the_o blood_n royal._n the_o daughter_n of_o duke_n of_o the_o blood_n royal._n the_o wife_n of_o marquess_n the_o wife_n of_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o duke_n the_o daughter_n of_o duke_n countess_n the_o wife_n of_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o marquess_n the_o daughter_n of_o marquess_n the_o wife_n of_o the_o young_a son_n of_o duke_n the_o wife_n of_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o earl_n the_o daughter_n of_o earl_n the_o wife_n of_o viscount_n the_o wife_n of_o the_o young_a son_n of_o marquess_n the_o wife_n of_o baron_n that_o be_v to_o say_v our_o lord_n the_o wife_n of_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o viscount_n the_o daughter_n of_o viscount_n the_o wife_n of_o the_o young_a son_n of_o earl_n the_o wife_n of_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o baron_n or_o lord_n the_o daughter_n of_o baron_n the_o wife_n of_o knight-banneret_n the_o wife_n of_o the_o young_a son_n of_o lord_n the_o wife_n of_o knight-batchelours_a the_o wife_n of_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o knights-banneret_n the_o daughter_n of_o banneret_n the_o wife_n of_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o knight-batchelours_a the_o daughter_n of_o knight-batchelours_a the_o queen_n maid_n of_o honour_n the_o wife_n of_o the_o young_a son_n of_o baneret_n the_o wife_n of_o the_o young_a son_n of_o knight-batchelours_a the_o wife_n of_o esqueir_n the_o wife_n of_o gentleman_n the_o daughter_n of_o esquier_n the_o daughter_n of_o gentleman_n the_o wife_n of_o citizen_n the_o wife_n of_o burgess_n from_o all_o which_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o wife_n of_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o any_o degree_n take_v place_n before_o the_o daughter_n of_o that_o same_o degree_n and_o both_o of_o they_o take_v place_n of_o the_o young_a son_n wife_n of_o the_o precede_a degree_n thus_o the_o lady_n of_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o a_o marquis_n precede_v the_o daughter_n of_o a_o marquis_n and_o both_o precede_v the_o lady_n of_o duke_n young_a son_n item_n the_o wife_n of_o the_o next_o degree_n as_o a_o countess_n precede_v the_o lady_n of_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o the_o precede_a degree_n as_o of_o a_o marquis_n and_o the_o daughter_n of_o a_o marquis_n 3_o o._n this_o hold_v not_o only_o in_o compare_v degree_n among_o themselves_o but_o also_o in_o compare_v family_n of_o the_o same_o degree_n among_o themselves_o as_o for_o instance_n though_o the_o marquis_n of_o dowglas_n lady_n will_v give_v place_n to_o the_o marquis_n of_o huntlys_n lady_n yet_o the_o wife_n of_o the_o marquis_n of_o dowglas_n elder_a son_n will_v take_v place_n from_o the_o marquis_n of_o huntlys_n daughter_n 4_o o._n though_o of_o old_a with_o we_o in_o scotland_n the_o wife_n of_o lord_n do_v contend_v that_o they_o have_v the_o precedency_n from_o the_o daughter_n of_o earl_n yet_o since_o that_o letter_n write_v by_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o at_o his_o coronation_n we_o follow_v the_o custom_n of_o england_n in_o prefer_v the_o earl_n daughter_n who_o take_v place_n immediate_o after_o her_o elder_a brother_n wife_n 5_o o._n though_o the_o daughter_n of_o a_o marquis_n give_v place_n to_o the_o wife_n of_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o all_o marquess_n yet_o if_o that_o daughter_n be_v a_o heiress_n and_o the_o daughter_n of_o a_o elder_a marquis_n than_o she_o take_v place_n from_o the_o wife_n of_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o all_o young_a marquess_n as_o segar_n observe_v pag._n 240._o it_o be_v likewise_o observable_a that_o since_o this_o rank_v under_o henry_n the_o four_o there_o be_v several_a new_a addition_n for_o after_o the_o wife_n of_o lord_n elder_a son_n and_o lord_n daughter_n be_v rank_v the_o wife_n of_o privy_a counselor_n and_o judge_n wife_n of_o the_o young_a son_n of_o viscount_n and_o of_o lord_n or_o baron_n the_o wife_n of_o baronet_n the_o wife_n of_o banneret_n the_o wife_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o bath_n and_o the_o wife_n of_o knights-batchelours_a etc._n etc._n as_o in_o the_o former_a list._n some_o considerable_a question_n concern_v precedency_n resolve_v question_n i._n whither_o in_o competition_n betwixt_o kingdom_n state_n and_o town_n be_v their_o present_a condition_n to_o be_v consider_v or_o what_o they_o be_v former_o to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v with_o this_o distinction_n viz._n either_o the_o kingdom_n or_o other_o place_n betwixt_o which_o competition_n be_v state_v remain_v the_o same_o that_o they_o be_v in_o their_o substantial_o and_o then_o the_o former_a precedency_n be_v still_o continue_v as_o for_o instance_n though_o rome_n whilst_o it_o be_v a_o commonwealth_n do_v sometime_o admit_v of_o a_o dictator_n who_o have_v indeed_o the_o power_n of_o a_o king_n yet_o they_o remain_v still_o the_o same_o commonwealth_n and_o therefore_o be_v the_o same_o in_o substantial_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v the_o same_o degree_n of_o precedency_n continue_v or_o when_o two_o or_o three_o kingdom_n be_v without_o any_o alteration_n unite_v in_o one_o as_o the_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n and_o england_n be_v unite_v into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o great_a britain_n under_o king_n in_o the_o same_o race_n who_o succeed_v to_o both_o as_o be_v full_o demonstrate_v by_o alb._n gentil_n pag._n 82._o and_o this_o be_v likewise_o clear_a from_o l._n proponebatur_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr judiciis_fw-la &_o l._n 24._o ff_n de_fw-fr legat._n 1._o but_o where_o there_o be_v a_o substantial_a alteration_n call_v by_o aristotle_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d well_fw-mi ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d there_o the_o former_a condition_n be_v not_o consider_v but_o the_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d or_o present_a condition_n of_o the_o place_n in_o competition_n be_v that_o which_o ought_v to_o be_v consider_v and_o thus_o when_o a_o kingdom_n come_v to_o be_v conquer_a by_o a_o stranger_n and_o by_o a_o strange_a and_o foreign_a nation_n there_o the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v absolute_o innovate_v especial_o if_o the_o law_n of_o the_o state_n be_v alter_v and_o therefore_o the_o french_a lawyer_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o precedency_n of_o england_n ought_v only_o to_o be_v compute_v from_o william_n the_o conqueror_n because_o at_o that_o time_n a_o stranger_n and_o a_o strange_a nation_n do_v conquer_v the_o say_a kingdom_n and_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o it_o be_v much_o innovat_fw-la and_o if_o this_o be_v not_o a_o alteration_n none_o can_v be_v for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o land_n can_v give_v precedency_n for_o all_o land_n be_v create_v together_o and_o there_o be_v few_o nation_n so_o conquest_n as_o that_o the_o former_a people_n do_v not_o remain_v so_o that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o precedency_n upon_o that_o account_n though_o some_o who_o be_v extravagant_a in_o their_o zeal_n for_o their_o country_n do_v argue_v its_o precedency_n from_o the_o first_o age_n of_o the_o world_n as_o vasquius_fw-la do_v that_o of_o the_o spanish_a empire_n in_o deryve_v it_o from_o tubal_n cain_n praefatio_fw-la in_o contravers_n illust._n question_n ii_o whether_o a_o kingdom_n become_v a_o commonwealth_n or_o a_o commonwealth_n a_o kingdom_n do_v their_o former_a precedency_n remain_v this_o question_n have_v two_o branch_n wherein_o the_o difficulty_n differ_v the_o first_o be_v whether_o that_o town_n or_o place_n which_o be_v a_o republic_n have_v become_v a_o monarchy_n or_o principality_n ought_v it_o to_o retain_v the_o precedency_n due_a to_o the_o former_a commonwealth_n and_o that_o it_o ought_v to_o retain_v the_o same_o precedency_n may_v be_v argue_v because_o when_o one_o thing_n be_v surrogate_n in_o the_o place_n of_o another_o that_o which_o be_v surrogate_n ought_v to_o have_v the_o same_o privilege_n with_o that_o in_o who_o place_n it_o be_v surrogate_n surrogatum_fw-la subit_fw-la naturam_fw-la surrogati_fw-la but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o the_o subsequent_a principality_n be_v surrogate_n in_o place_n of_o the_o former_a commonwealth_n and_o
do_v the_o son_n possess_v this_o title_n by_o his_o father_n but_o by_o his_o family_n and_o lawyer_n have_v resolve_v that_o filius_fw-la retinet_fw-la nobilitatem_fw-la etiam_fw-la repudiata_fw-la haereditate_fw-la bart._n in_o l._n jurisjur_n §_o 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr oper._n lib._n jac._n &_o in_o l._n si_fw-la non_fw-la sortem_fw-la ff_n de_fw-mi condict_v in_o debit_fw-la but_o yet_o this_o decision_n may_v seem_v unsuitable_a to_o the_o analogy_n and_o principle_n of_o law_n for_o 1_o o._n since_o honour_n be_v by_o the_o first_o patent_n and_o erection_n grant_v to_o a_o man_n and_o his_o heir_n it_o seem_v just_a and_o legal_a that_o none_o can_v enjoy_v the_o same_o but_o such_o as_o be_v heir_n so_o that_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o qualify_v right_o grant_v by_o the_o king_n and_o consequent_o can_v be_v enjoy_v by_o none_o but_o such_o as_o purge_v and_o purify_v the_o quality_n and_o be_v heir_n 2_o o._n we_o see_v that_o in_o other_o right_n grant_v to_o a_o man_n and_o his_o heir_n no_o successor_n can_v have_v right_o without_o be_v heir_n and_o since_o this_o hold_v in_o accession_n of_o the_o mean_a nature_n why_o shall_v it_o not_o much_o rather_o hold_v in_o title_n and_o dignity_n which_o be_v thing_n of_o great_a importance_n 3_o o._n we_o have_v no_o way_n nor_o method_n to_o know_v who_o be_v heir_n but_o by_o a_o inquest_n after_o which_o he_o who_o be_v serve_v heir_n be_v liable_a to_o all_o debt_n and_o if_o he_o who_o be_v to_o use_v the_o title_n need_v not_o be_v find_v heir_n by_o a_o inquest_n any_o man_n may_v use_v the_o title_n of_o a_o deceist_n peer_n and_o if_o two_o contend_v for_o it_o this_o can_v not_o be_v try_v without_o a_o inquest_n and_o service_n 4_o o._n the_o make_v man_n liable_a to_o their_o predecessor_n debt_n for_o use_v his_o title_n will_v be_v very_o advantageous_a for_o the_o defunct_n creditor_n and_o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o creditor_n shall_v be_v pay_v nor_o can_v the_o apparent_a heir_n complain_v since_o he_o may_v choose_v to_o use_v the_o title_n or_o not_o as_o he_o please_v 5_o o._n it_o be_v advantageous_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o none_o have_v a_o title_n but_o he_o who_o have_v the_o estate_n which_o be_v give_v out_o with_o it_o and_o out_o of_o which_o it_o be_v to_o be_v mantain_v a_o poor_a nobility_n be_v a_o great_a burden_n upon_o a_o commonwealth_n and_o a_o ruin_n to_o it_o and_o i_o find_v that_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n do_v degrade_v george_n nevil_n from_o be_v duke_n of_o bedford_n for_o want_v of_o a_o estate_n suitable_a to_o his_o dignity_n which_o statut._n 17._o ed._n 4._o express_v the_o inconvenience_n here_o mention_v which_o be_v great_a in_o scotland_n than_o in_o england_n because_o our_o peer_n have_v more_o interest_n in_o lay_v on_o tax_n than_o lord_n in_o england_n have_v 6_o o._n the_o law_n consider_v not_o in_o other_o case_n whether_o the_o thing_n use_v by_o the_o apparent_a heir_n may_v be_v advantageous_a to_o he_o or_o whether_o he_o may_v pay_v debt_n with_o it_o for_o the_o use_n of_o mere_a ornament_n which_o can_v yield_v no_o money_n or_o thing_n of_o the_o mean_a advantage_n do_v make_v he_o liable_a yea_o and_o he_o will_v be_v liable_a though_o he_o be_v a_o loose_a by_o the_o thing_n he_o use_v whereas_o not_o only_o be_v honour_n and_o precedency_n thing_n of_o great_a advantage_n and_o which_o man_n will_v buy_v at_o any_o rate_n but_o if_o a_o man_n have_v liberty_n once_o to_o use_v the_o title_n of_o his_o predecessor_n it_o give_v he_o a_o great_a opportunity_n to_o enhance_v his_o predecessor_n estate_n by_o indirect_a mean_n and_o the_o former_a argument_n prove_v only_o that_o the_o blood_n interest_n as_o to_o honour_n be_v transmit_v without_o a_o service_n but_o not_o that_o the_o feudal_n title_n of_o earl_n can_v be_v so_o transmit_v question_v xii_o whether_o do_v the_o appearancy_n of_o blood_n give_v precedency_n where_o the_o predecessor_n be_v not_o dead_a this_o be_v call_v by_o the_o doctor_n spes_n &_o expectantia_fw-la successionis_fw-la ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d and_o upon_o this_o account_n it_o be_v debate_v whether_o the_o son_n of_o a_o king_n ought_v to_o be_v prefer_v to_o his_o brother_n and_o all_o the_o peer_n and_o general_o whether_o the_o nephew_n ought_v to_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o uncle_n who_o be_v his_o father_n second_o brother_n and_o i_o find_v it_o record_v that_o lycurgus_n do_v decide_v for_o himself_o against_o his_o nephew_n be_v the_o son_n of_o his_o elder_a brother_n but_o i_o will_v distinguish_v here_o thus_o first_o in_o the_o family_n of_o king_n and_o prince_n all_o the_o king_n child_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o king_n brother_n and_o all_o the_o king_n brother_n to_o the_o king_n uncle_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v decide_v in_o france_n by_o henry_n the_o three_o rupanus_fw-la pag._n 508._o but_o former_o the_o uncle_n be_v prefer_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o philip_n the_o long_a anno_fw-la 1316._o and_o though_o in_o the_o roman_a empire_n before_o alexius_n comnenius_n the_o emperor_n son_n be_v still_o prefer_v to_o his_o uncle_n yet_o that_o emperor_n desire_v to_o put_v a_o mark_n of_o respect_n upon_o his_o own_o elder_a brother_n prefer_v he_o to_o his_o son_n and_o now_o the_o son_n of_o prince_n be_v so_o far_o prefer_v that_o not_o only_o they_o but_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v prefer_v to_o all_o other_o peer_n though_o they_o be_v last_o create_v as_o be_v find_v by_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n anno_fw-la 1541._o betwixt_o the_o duke_n of_o neveres_fw-la and_o monpensier_n 2_o o._n if_o in_o other_o family_n the_o brother_n be_v of_o a_o dignity_n equal_a to_o his_o elder_a brother_n than_o the_o brother_n will_v be_v prefer_v to_o the_o nephew_n as_o if_o the_o brother_n be_v a_o earl_n and_o the_o nephew_n a_o lord_n as_o be_v a_o earl_n son_n in_o this_o case_n expectation_n will_v not_o prefer_v the_o nephew_n because_o there_o be_v other_o actual_a degree_n of_o preferrence_n 3_o o._n if_o the_o uncle_n be_v a_o lord_n by_o creation_n and_o the_o nephew_n a_o lord_n by_o birth_n in_o which_o case_n if_o the_o uncle_n be_v a_o lord_n before_o the_o nephew_n be_v bear_v the_o uncle_n ought_v to_o be_v prefer_v as_o first_o in_o time_n but_o not_o if_o the_o nephew_n be_v first_o bear_v and_o thus_o baldus_n distinguish_v ad_fw-la l._n ut_fw-la intestato_fw-la c._n de_fw-fr sum_o &_o leg._n here_v 4_o o._n if_o neither_o the_o nephew_n nor_o uncle_n have_v any_o special_a dignity_n than_o the_o son_n of_o the_o elder_a brother_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o uncle_n and_o this_o last_o case_n show_v that_o the_o immediate_a hope_n of_o succession_n or_o jus_o expectantiae_fw-la be_v in_o itself_o a_o ground_n of_o precedency_n and_o since_o a_o man_n and_o his_o apparent_a heir_n be_v una_fw-la &_o eadem_fw-la persona_fw-la in_o the_o construction_n of_o law_n and_o that_o in_o many_o thing_n that_o be_v disadvantageous_a to_o the_o son_n he_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o heir_n apparent_a in_o the_o same_o way_n as_o if_o his_o father_n be_v dead_a it_o be_v therefore_o just_a that_o as_o he_o have_v the_o disadvantage_n of_o a_o apparent_a heir_n so_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v the_o advantage_n of_o a_o apparent_a heir_n and_o thus_o we_o see_v that_o our_o statute_n have_v declare_v comprising_n buy_v in_o by_o the_o apparent_a heir_n to_o be_v redeemable_a by_o the_o defunct_n creditor_n it_o be_v find_v that_o a_o comprise_v buy_v in_o by_o the_o elder_a son_n even_o whilst_o his_o father_n live_v be_v redeemable_a from_o he_o and_o that_o he_o be_v a_o apparent_a heir_n in_o the_o construction_n of_o law_n and_o therefore_o since_o the_o law_n put_v he_o in_o the_o same_o case_n as_o if_o the_o father_n be_v dead_a he_o ought_v to_o have_v the_o same_o precedency_n and_o consequent_o aught_o to_o be_v prefer_v to_o his_o uncle_n to_o who_o he_o will_v certain_o be_v prefer_v if_o his_o father_n be_v dead_a it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o in_o scotland_n the_o uncle_n be_v of_o old_a acknowledge_v to_o be_v king_n during_o not_o only_o the_o pupillarity_n of_o his_o pupil_n but_o during_o the_o uncle_n own_o natural_a life_n which_o be_v a_o invasion_n upon_o the_o natural_a right_n of_o our_o king_n be_v abrogate_a under_o kenith_n the_o three_o question_n xiii_o whether_o shall_v a_o elder_a brother_n who_o be_v bear_v before_o the_o father_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o king_n marquess_z earl_n etc._n etc._n be_v prefer_v to_o a_o young_a brother_n who_o be_v bear_v after_o his_o father_n have_v attain_v to_o either_o of_o these_o dignity_n lawyer_n have_v vary_v very_o much_o