before_o be_v make_v commander_n of_o the_o fleet_n and_o he_o be_v the_o first_o for_o aught_o we_o know_v that_o be_v create_v in_o this_o manner_n but_o in_o the_o next_o form_n of_o commission_n the_o name_n of_o picardy_n be_v leave_v out_o so_o indeed_o in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o six_o or_o anno_fw-la dom._n mcdxxvi_o john_n duke_n of_o bedford_n be_v by_o commission_n julii_n make_v admiral_n of_o england_n ireland_n and_o aquitain_n that_o form_n continue_v about_o 88_o year_n or_o throughout_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n vi_o edward_n iv_o richard_n iii_o henry_n vii_o and_o the_o three_o first_o year_n of_o henry_n viii_o and_o about_o that_o time_n ten_o other_o be_v in_o like_a manner_n make_v admiral_n for_o the_o most_o part_n perpetual_a of_o england_n ireland_n and_o aquitain_n the_o last_o of_o which_o be_v john_n earl_n of_o oxon_n who_o be_v commissionated_a in_o that_o 1._o form_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o but_o there_o follow_v another_o alteration_n or_o addition_n of_o title_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o that_o king_n anno_fw-la dom._n mdxiii_o at_o that_o time_n sir_n edward_n howard_n knight_n son_n of_o thomas_n earl_n of_o suâ—â—ie_n afterward_o duke_n of_o norfolk_n be_v make_v 15._o admiral_n of_o england_n wales_n ireland_n normandy_n gascoign_n and_o aquaitain_n to_o which_o word_n 16._o calais_n and_o the_o march_n thereof_o be_v add_v in_o the_o commission_n of_o william_n fitzwilliams_n who_o also_o be_v earl_n of_o southampton_n be_v appoint_v admiral_n in_o the_o twenty_o eight_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o this_o form_n of_o commission_n hold_v in_o use_n afterward_o through_o the_o whole_a reign_n of_o that_o henry_n add_v according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n the_o clause_n touch_v jurisdiction_n but_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o edward_n the_o sixth_o thomas_n baron_fw-fr seymour_n of_o sudeley_n brother_n to_o edward_n duke_n of_o somerset_n be_v make_v admiral_n 9_o almost_o in_o the_o same_o word_n as_o that_o william_n earl_n of_o southampton_n insert_v after_o the_o name_n of_o calais_n boloign_n and_o the_o march_n of_o the_o same_o after_z him_z followed_z john_n earl_n of_o warwick_n who_o be_v create_v by_o edward_n the_o sixth_o in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n 28._o our_o admiral_n of_o england_n ireland_n wales_n calais_n and_o boloign_v and_o our_o march_n of_o the_o same_o of_o normandy_n gascoign_n and_o aquitain_n as_o also_o governor_n general_a over_o all_o our_o fleet_n and_o sea_n and_o in_o the_o same_o commission_n he_o be_v style_v afterward_o great_a admiral_n of_o england_n and_o governor_n of_o our_o fleet_n and_o sea_n but_o after_o a_o while_n the_o name_n of_o boloign_n be_v omit_v the_o next_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n be_v create_v in_o the_o very_a same_o form_n of_o word_n as_o be_v mention_v before_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o chapter_n for_o in_o the_o same_o 3._o form_n be_v william_n baron_n howard_n of_o effingham_n son_n of_o thomas_n duke_n of_o norfolk_n make_v admiral_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o queen_n marie_n or_o anno_fw-la dom._n mdliii_o and_o the_o command_n or_o government_n of_o those_o sea_n as_o the_o principal_a charge_n of_o that_o office_n or_o dignity_n be_v more_o notable_o express_v there_o as_o you_o may_v see_v than_o in_o the_o commission_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o warwick_n from_o that_o time_n forward_o the_o very_a same_o form_n be_v keep_v always_o as_o in_o the_o commission_n of_o the_o high_a admiralship_n grant_v to_o edward_n baron_fw-fr clinton_n afterward_o earl_n of_o lincoln_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o 10._o philip_n and_o marie_n also_o in_o the_o commission_n of_o charles_n baron_n of_o effingham_n afterward_o earl_n of_o nottingham_n in_o the_o time_n of_o q._n julii_n elizabeth_n and_o of_o charles_n duke_n of_o york_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n 27._o james_n beside_o george_n duke_n of_o buckingham_n who_o enjoy_v the_o same_o office_n or_o command_n in_o the_o same_o word_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o 17._o james_n and_o charles_n so_o that_o for_o above_o eighty_o year_n or_o thereabouts_o that_o be_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o q._n marie_n the_o whole_a form_n as_o it_o be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o chapter_n be_v ever_o express_o retain_v in_o the_o commission_n of_o the_o high_a admiralship_n of_o england_n so_o far_o as_o they_o denote_v either_o the_o country_n or_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o same_o but_o therein_o the_o admiral_n be_v style_v governor_n general_n over_o all_o our_o fleet_n and_o sea_n just_a as_o john_n earl_n of_o warwick_n be_v likewise_o express_o appoint_v in_o general_a term_n under_o edward_n the_o sixth_o or_o over_o our_o sea_n aforesaid_a but_o what_o be_v those_o sea_n or_o the_o sea_n aforesaid_a they_o be_v in_o the_o foregoing_a word_n express_o call_v the_o sea_n of_o our_o say_a kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n our_o dominion_n and_o island_n of_o the_o same_o that_o be_v in_o plain_a term_n mer_n d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr d'_fw-fr ireland_n &_o gale_n or_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n ireland_n and_o wales_n after_o which_o manner_n the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n be_v sometime_o also_o describe_v in_o 11._o our_o law_n which_o be_v call_v likewise_o now_o and_o then_o by_o 6._o our_o lawyer_n les_fw-fr quatre_fw-fr miers_n d'engleterre_fw-fr or_o the_o four_o sea_n of_o england_n divide_v according_a to_o the_o four_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n so_o that_o in_o the_o most_o receive_a form_n of_o this_o commission_n after_o the_o begin_n of_o queen_n mary_n reign_n out_o of_o which_o also_o the_o sens_fw-fr and_o mean_v of_o former_a commission_n be_v to_o be_v collect_v we_o have_v a_o continual_a possession_n or_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n point_v out_o in_o express_a word_n for_o very_a many_o year_n and_o what_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v by_o way_n of_o collection_n out_o of_o these_o that_o follow_v the_o beginning_n of_o marry_o touch_v the_o since_o or_o mean_v of_o former_a commission_n wherein_o a_o positive_a command_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o express_v be_v true_o to_o omit_v the_o thing_n itself_o which_o sufficient_o intimate_n as_o much_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n not_o a_o little_a confirm_v upon_o this_o ground_n that_o he_o also_o who_o before_o any_o express_a mention_n of_o our_o sea_n take_v place_n in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o commission_n of_o the_o high_a admiralship_n be_v next_o prefer_v to_o the_o same_o dignity_n be_v immediate_o after_o his_o creâtion_n according_a to_o the_o whole_a title_n of_o his_o office_n as_o be_v the_o same_o title_n which_o indeed_o always_o belong_v to_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n style_v great_a admiral_n of_o 30._o england_n and_z governor_z general_n of_o the_o navy_n and_o our_o sea_n so_o very_o thomas_n baron_n seymour_n who_o i_o mention_v before_o be_v style_v admiral_n of_o england_n in_o the_o patent_n roll_v grant_v to_o he_o by_o edward_n the_o sixth_o it_o be_v prove_v by_o word_n plain_a enough_o in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o commission_n for_o the_o government_n or_o command_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n from_o ancient_a to_o the_o present_a time_n that_o the_o sea_n for_o who_o guard_n or_o defence_n he_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o lord_n and_o sovereign_n be_v ever_o bound_v towards_o the_o south_n by_o the_o shore_n of_o aquitain_n normandy_n and_o picardy_n chap._n xvii_o but_o in_o the_o form_n already_o show_v which_o have_v continue_v in_o use_n for_o so_o many_o year_n you_o see_v mention_n be_v make_v only_o of_o the_o sea_n of_o our_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n our_o dominion_n and_o island_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o as_o the_o province_n for_o who_o guard_n or_o defence_n the_o admiral_n be_v appoint_v that_o be_v as_o we_o have_v tell_v you_o the_o english_a irish_a and_o welsh_a sea_n all_o which_o be_v contain_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o british_a as_o it_o have_v be_v obseruéd_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o book_n yet_o the_o name_n of_o normandy_n gascoign_n and_o aquitain_n beside_o calais_n be_v add_v which_o be_v province_n seat_v upon_o the_o shore_n over_o against_o we_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v they_o in_o this_o place_n they_o be_v either_o to_o be_v consider_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v always_o hold_v in_o subjection_n by_o the_o english_a from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o mention_n of_o they_o in_o the_o commission_n or_o as_o they_o have_v already_o for_o some_o age_n pass_v be_v out_o of_o their_o jurisdiction_n but_o suppose_v in_o the_o first_o place_n that_o they_o have_v always_o remain_v in_o the_o jurisdiction_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o english_a questionless_a
our_o isle_n of_o gernesey_n jersey_n serk_n and_o aureney_n in_o the_o sea_n between_o easter_n and_o michaelmas_n be_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o those_o place_n acknowledge_v to_o belong_v unto_o we_o at_o a_o reasonable_a rate_n to_o be_v pay_v therefore_o and_o that_o the_o say_v fisherman_n be_v bind_v to_o carry_v all_o the_o fish_n by_o they_o take_v between_o the_o time_n aforesaid_a unto_o certain_a place_n in_o those_o isle_n appoint_v that_o the_o officer_n under_o our_o governor_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a isle_n may_v take_v thence_o for_o our_o use_n at_o what_o price_n they_o shall_v think_v fit_a and_o reasonable_a nor_o be_v that_o to_o be_v slight_v which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o chronicle_n of_o the_o abbey_n or_o monastery_n of_o teuxburie_n concern_v henry_n beauchamp_n duke_n of_o warwick_n who_o be_v invest_v by_o henry_n the_o sixth_o with_o the_o title_n and_o dignity_n of_o king_n not_o only_o of_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n but_o also_o of_o gernesey_n and_o jersey_n whereunto_o the_o other_o isle_n in_o this_o tract_n do_v in_o a_o civil_a sens_fw-fr belong_v the_o same_o thing_n be_v record_v of_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n by_o that_o learned_a man_n 430._o william_n camden_n and_o that_o out_o of_o the_o same_o book_n the_o cottonianâ_fw-la book_n itself_o speak_v after_o this_o manner_n but_o the_o noble_a lord_n henry_n duke_n of_o warwick_n and_o first_o earl_n of_o england_n lord_z le_z dispenser_n and_o de_fw-fr abergeveney_n king_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n and_o gardsey_n and_o jardsey_n lord_n also_o of_o the_o castle_n of_o bristol_n with_o the_o appurtenance_n thereunto_o belong_v die_v 3_o idus_fw-la junii_fw-la anno_fw-la dom._n 1446._o in_o the_o twenty_o second_o year_n of_o his_o age_n at_o the_o castle_n of_o hanley_n and_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o choir_n at_o teuxburie_n and_o a_o little_a before_o it_o be_v say_v of_o the_o same_o man_n that_o he_o be_v crown_v king_n of_o wight_n by_o the_o king_n be_v own_o hand_n no_o express_a mention_n be_v make_v in_o that_o place_n of_o the_o other_o island_n but_o they_o reckon_v in_o the_o same_o condition_n with_o this_o as_o they_o be_v part_n of_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v believe_v that_o those_o isle_n which_o lie_v before_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n have_v be_v so_o turn_v into_o a_o kingdom_n though_o subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n unless_o even_o they_o also_o who_o make_v they_o a_o kingdom_n have_v conceive_v that_o they_o possess_v they_o before_o by_o a_o title_n superior_a to_o that_o of_o the_o duchy_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o a_o kingly_a title_n as_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o when_o he_o have_v determine_v that_o robert_n earl_n of_o oxford_n who_o also_o be_v marquis_n of_o dublin_n and_o duke_n of_o ireland_n shall_v be_v creât_v londin_n king_n of_o ireland_n questionless_a do_v not_o doubt_v but_o that_o he_o himself_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n possess_v that_o island_n by_o no_o less_o a_o title_n and_o dignity_n than_o of_o king_n although_o the_o name_n of_o lord_n be_v whole_o use_v there_o at_o that_o time_n 1._o in_o stead_n of_o king_n as_o also_o until_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o so_o it_o be_v conceive_v upon_o good_a ground_n that_o those_o isle_n and_o the_o sea_n lie_v about_o they_o do_v though_o they_o use_v different_a custom_n constitute_v one_o entire_a body_n of_o empire_n with_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n whereunto_o also_o that_o special_a privilege_n of_o they_o do_v relate_v whereby_o through_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n they_o enjoie_v the_o benefit_n of_o freedom_n from_o hostility_n by_o sea_n though_o there_o be_v a_o war_n on_o foot_n between_o the_o neighbor-nation_n round_o about_o but_o of_o this_o more_o 22._o hereafter_o and_o in_o their_o court-record_n which_o contain_v the_o act_n or_o decree_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a justice_n itinerant_a we_o very_o often_o find_v plea_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o phrase_n be_v a_o evidence_n of_o the_o english_a government_n also_o in_o londin_n their_o trial_n those_o form_n in_o contempt_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n his_o crown_n and_o dignity_n and_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n be_v seize_v of_o the_o aforescid_a advousen_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n as_o of_o his_o fee_n and_o in_o right_a of_o his_o crown_n and_o other_o not_o a_o few_o of_o that_o kind_n we_o meet_v with_o which_o savour_v not_o of_o any_o right_n of_o the_o duchy_n add_v moreover_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n so_o hold_v the_o right_n heretofore_o not_o only_o of_o the_o isle_n over_o against_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n but_o of_o those_o also_o which_o be_v opposite_a to_o aquitain_n as_o a_o pledge_n or_o concomitant_a of_o his_o possession_n of_o that_o sea_n so_o far_o as_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n that_o though_o our_o henry_n the_o three_o renounce_v his_o claim_n to_o no_o small_a part_n of_o aquitain_n yet_o that_o isle_n lie_v before_o it_o call_v oleron_n no_o less_o famous_a in_o the_o west_n for_o chapter_n naval_a law_n than_o rhodes_n be_v of_o old_a he_o grant_v to_o his_o elder_a son_n edward_n to_o be_v hold_v in_o time_n to_o come_v as_o a_o perpetual_a appendant_a of_o the_o english_a crown_n for_o this_o claus_n be_v add_v to_o the_o grant_v so_o scaccarii_fw-la that_o the_o say_a isle_n may_v always_o remain_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o never_o be_v alienate_v from_o the_o same_o also_o in_o his_o letter_n grant_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o oleron_n he_o say_v 3_o we_o will_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a sever_v you_o from_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n some_o year_n before_o also_o he_o in_o like_a manner_n make_v a_o grant_n of_o 66._o gascoign_n or_o those_o part_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o shore_n of_o aquitain_n near_o the_o sea_n to_o prince_n edward_n upon_o condition_n it_o shall_v remain_v entire_o and_o for_o ever_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n so_o without_o doubt_v his_o intent_n be_v that_o both_o the_o seacoast_n and_o this_o isle_n shall_v in_o a_o special_a manner_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o say_a prince_n but_o by_o no_o mean_n be_v disjoin_v from_o the_o english_a empire_n any_o more_o than_o the_o sea_n its_o self_n which_o wash_v their_o shore_n and_o although_o after_o a_o while_n both_o this_o and_o some_o other_o neighbour_a isle_n do_v many_o age_n since_o for_o divers_a reason_n follow_v the_o fate_n of_o those_o french_a shore_n which_o lie_v next_o to_o they_o yet_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n remain_v entire_a as_o it_o do_v before_o to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o it_o sufficient_o appear_v by_o those_o other_o passage_n which_o we_o have_v show_v the_o dominion_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n assert_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n from_o that_o leave_v of_o praeter-navigation_n or_o passage_n which_o have_v be_v usual_o either_o grant_v by_o they_o to_o foreiner_n or_o desire_v from_o they_o chap._n xx._n those_o thing_n which_o we_o have_v hitherto_o allege_v concern_v this_o possession_n and_o dominion_n be_v confirm_v by_o several_a passport_n that_o have_v be_v obtain_v from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o leave_v to_o pass_v through_o this_o sea_n whereof_o we_o have_v clear_a testimony_n in_o record_n that_o be_v to_o say_v grant_v at_o the_o entreaty_n of_o foreiner_n our_o henry_n the_o 5._o four_o grant_v leave_v to_o ferrando_n urtis_n de_fw-fr sarachione_n a_o spaniard_n to_o fail_v free_o from_o the_o port_n of_o london_n through_o our_o kingdom_n dominion_n and_o jurisdiction_n to_o the_o town_n of_o rochel_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o this_o place_n our_o dominion_n and_o jurisdiction_n do_v relate_v to_o the_o sea_n flow_v between_o and_o when_o charles_n the_o sixth_o king_n of_o france_n send_v ambassador_n to_o robert_n the_o three_o king_n of_o scot_n to_o treat_v about_o the_o make_n of_o a_o league_n they_o upon_o request_n make_v to_o the_o same_o henry_n obtain_v passport_n for_o their_o safe_a passage_n par_fw-fr touz_v 14._o noz_fw-fr povoirs_fw-fr destrois_fw-fr &_o signory_n par_fw-fr mer_n &_o par_fw-fr terre_fw-fr that_o be_v through_o all_o place_n under_o our_o power_n territory_n and_o dominion_n as_o well_o by_o sea_n as_o by_o land_n there_o be_v innumerable_a other_o letter_n of_o passport_n call_v safe_a conduct_n in_o the_o record_n especial_o of_o henry_n the_o five_o and_o sixth_o whereby_o safe_a port_n and_o passage_n be_v usual_o grant_v as_o well_o by_o sea_n as_o by_o land_n and_o rivers_n that_o be_v to_o say_v throughout_o the_o whole_a dominion_n of_o he_o that_o make_v the_o grant_n and_o it_o be_v
that_o in_o it_o which_o may_v seem_v to_o import_v that_o he_o call_v himself_o king_n of_o the_o ocean_n especial_o if_o you_o consider_v those_o word_n which_o we_o find_v sometime_o among_o german_a writer_n in_o the_o title_n of_o charles_n the_o five_o emperor_n and_o king_n of_o spain_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o the_o constitution_n concern_v public_a judicatories_n in_o the_o empire_n he_o be_v call_v king_n of_o the_o canary_n land_n also_o of_o the_o island_n of_o the_o indies_n and_o of_o the_o continent_n and_o of_o the_o ocean_n archduke_n of_o austria_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o the_o imperial_a sanction_n publish_v in_o high_a dutch_a konig-und_a jnsulen_n canariae_fw-la auch_fw-ge der_fw-ge jnsulen_n indiarum_fw-la und_fw-ge terrae_fw-la firmae_fw-la des_fw-fr maer_n oceant_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o you_o may_v meet_v with_o it_o at_o least_o six_o hundred_o time_n the_o word_n ocean_n be_v add_v as_o if_o he_o entitle_v himself_o king_n of_o the_o ocean_n but_o this_o be_v a_o mistake_n for_o the_o same_o in_o spanish_a be_v rey_n etc._n etc._n de_fw-la las_fw-fr islas_n y_fw-fr terra_fw-la firma_fw-la deal_v mar_v oceano_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o be_v king_n of_o the_o island_n and_o of_o the_o terra_fw-la firma_fw-la of_o the_o ocean_n namely_o the_o island_n or_o continent_n of_o or_o lie_v in_o the_o ocean_n which_o pope_n 22._o alexander_n the_o six_o give_v to_o ferdinand_n the_o five_o king_n of_o spain_n all_o of_o they_o lie_v westward_o from_o the_o very_a first_o meridian_n of_o those_o he_o entitle_n himself_o king_n not_o of_o the_o ocean_n itself_o how_o far_o private_a dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v admit_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n or_o opinion_n of_o the_o french_a chap._n xviii_o as_o concern_v dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o french_a some_o perhaps_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v meet_v with_o very_o ancient_a evidence_n thereof_o in_o those_o officer_n depute_v for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o seacoast_n who_o we_o read_v of_o in_o the_o 5._o statute-book_n and_o in_o that_o rotlandus_n governor_n of_o the_o british_a that_o be_v the_o aremorican_a shore_n mention_v in_o the_o life_n of_o charlemaign_a by_o eginhartus_n a_o writer_n of_o that_o time_n but_o those_o dignity_n have_v relation_n not_o so_o much_o to_o the_o sea_n itself_o as_o to_o the_o shore_n and_o sea-coast_n or_o the_o border_n of_o the_o land_n confine_v with_o the_o sea_n notwithstanding_o that_o rotlandus_n be_v by_o the_o frenchman_n of_o this_o and_o the_o former_a age_n promiscuous_o style_v alii_fw-la governor_n both_o of_o the_o sea_n and_o shore_n as_o if_o there_o be_v no_o difference_n but_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v that_o prince_n heretofore_o upon_o the_o shore_n of_o aremorica_n or_o bretaign_n as_o the_o veneti_n bretaigne_n of_o who_o we_o speak_v before_o do_v upon_o the_o same_o shore_n impose_v custom_n upon_o ship_n as_o for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o road_n upon_o their_o coast_n and_o challenge_v to_o themselves_o other_o right_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n call_v nobilitates_fw-la super_fw-la navibus_fw-la so_o it_o be_v to_o be_v read_v in_o a_o ancient_a record_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o duke_n alanus_n in_o the_o year_n mlxxxvii_o concern_v precedence_n of_o place_n among_o the_o noble_n of_o bretaigne_n in_o that_o record_n the_o second_o place_n be_v assign_v to_o the_o viscount_n of_o s_o t_o pol_n de_fw-fr leon_n who_o as_o the_o very_a 13._o word_n of_o it_o be_v have_v very_o many_o of_o those_o custom_n call_v nobilitates_fw-la super_fw-la navibus_fw-la impose_v on_o such_o as_o pass_v the_o ocean_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o osismer_n or_o leon_n which_o as_o it_o be_v say_v budicius_n a_o ancient_a king_n of_o france_n bretaign_n do_v give_v and_o grant_v to_o one_o of_o his_o predecessor_n upon_o marriage_n in_o reward_n of_o the_o virtue_n fidelity_n and_o valour_n of_o that_o viscount_n but_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o prelate_n count_n baron_n and_o noble_n of_o bretaign_a what_o these_o nobilitates_fw-la be_v and_o whence_o they_o have_v their_o original_n be_v partly_o declare_v by_o bertrandus_fw-la argentraeus_fw-la sometime_o precedent_n of_o the_o province_n of_o renes_fw-la where_o he_o discourse_v also_o of_o the_o right_n of_o give_v pass_v port_n which_o they_o call_v bref_n the_o conduct_n at_o this_o time_n in_o use_n on_o that_o shore_n 44._o that_o say_v he_o whereas_o till_o then_o it_o have_v be_v a_o right_n peculiar_a to_o the_o prince_n be_v give_v by_o way_n of_o dowry_n to_o the_o baron_n of_o leon_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v out_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a record_n remain_v a_o hereditary_a and_o proper_a right_n to_o that_o family_n until_o joannes_n ruffus_n the_o duke_n redeem_v it_o for_o a_o vast_a sum_n of_o money_n of_o guynomarius_n baron_n of_o leon_n after_o that_o peter_n mauclerc_n of_o dreux_n duke_n of_o bretaign_n have_v in_o vain_a attempt_v to_o re_fw-mi assume_v it_o by_o force_n of_o arm_n it_o have_v its_o original_n they_o say_v upon_o this_o occasion_n when_o our_o prince_n and_o ancient_a king_n consider_v the_o daily_a shipwreck_n make_v upon_o that_o shore_n where_o there_o be_v many_o rock_n and_o but_o few_o havens_n they_o make_v a_o law_n that_o none_o shall_v set_v to_o sea_n without_o their_o leave_v such_o as_o do_v set_v out_o pay_v a_o certain_a rate_n have_v pass_n and_o guide_v appoint_v they_o that_o be_v well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o sea_n and_o shores_n they_o that_o refuse_v forfeit_v their_o ship_n with_o all_o their_o tackle_n and_o furniture_n thereof_o and_o if_o the_o ship_n be_v cast_v away_o their_o good_n also_o be_v confiscate_v they_o that_o have_v leave_v be_v in_o no_o danger_n of_o confiscation_n and_o if_o they_o suffer_v shipwreck_n have_v liberty_n to_o recover_v as_o many_o of_o their_o good_n as_o they_o can_v and_o these_o guide_n be_v pay_v their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o conduct-money_n which_o we_o have_v mention_v elsewhere_o call_v by_o they_o droit_fw-fr de_fw-fr savage_n these_o ticket_n or_o pass_n be_v give_v out_o now_o as_o heretosore_n at_o a_o certain_a price_n and_o among_o other_o revenue_n of_o the_o exchequer_n they_o also_o be_v rent_v out_o to_o the_o farmer_n of_o the_o custom_n so_o far_a bertrandus_fw-la from_o who_o renatus_n 106._o choppinus_n borrow_v almost_o the_o very_a word_n but_o 51._o petrus_n berlordaeus_n advocate_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o rein_n tell_v we_o we_o that_o the_o custom_n of_o take_v forfeiture_n in_o that_o manner_n of_o all_o shipwreck_v good_n be_v abolish_v there_o by_o a_o edict_n in_o the_o year_n mdlxxxiii_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n for_o so_o much_o as_o concern_v any_o part_n of_o that_o western_a sea_n lie_v next_o the_o shore_n these_o be_v manifest_a evidence_n either_o of_o dominion_n or_o of_o subjection_n in_o the_o sea_n which_o indeed_o sufficient_o prove_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o that_o people_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v capable_a of_o dominion_n moreover_o upon_o occasion_n of_o these_o pass_n there_o have_v be_v controversy_n raise_v sometime_o between_o the_o duke_n of_o bretaign_a and_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o certain_a cottoniana_n memorial_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o bretaign_a which_o have_v relation_n to_o the_o time_n of_o our_o richard_n the_o second_o and_z john_n the_o four_o duke_n of_o bretaign_n but_o this_o we_o know_v for_o certain_a that_o in_o the_o agreement_n make_v between_o our_o edward_n the_o four_o and_o francis_n the_o second_o duke_n of_o bretaign_n in_o the_o year_n mcccclxviii_n concern_v mutual_a traffic_n and_o free_a passage_n to_o and_o fro_o for_o the_o subject_n of_o each_o nation_n during_o a_o seqq_fw-la truce_n of_o thirty_o year_n there_o be_v a_o express_a proviso_n concern_v wreck_n but_o such_o a_o one_o as_o leave_v a_o equal_a right_n to_o both_o of_o they_o not_o altogether_o unlike_a that_o which_o for_o many_o age_n have_v be_v in_o use_n upon_o the_o english_a shore_n no_o mention_n at_o all_o be_v make_v in_o the_o article_n of_o the_o truce_n either_o of_o the_o right_n or_o use_v of_o these_o aforesaid_a pass_n as_o be_v a_o thing_n in_o no_o wise_a admit_v by_o the_o english_a but_o some_o modern_a lawyer_n among_o the_o french_a do_v vain_o affirm_v that_o their_o king_n be_v lord_n not_o only_o of_o a_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n neighbour_a upon_o the_o territory_n of_o bretaign_n but_o of_o the_o whole_a sea_n that_o be_v adjoin_v to_o any_o part_n of_o france_n and_o so_o of_o the_o british_a or_o english_a sea_n also_o by_o which_o very_a assertion_n of_o they_o they_o sufficient_o declare_v their_o judgement_n that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o sovereign_a over_o the_o sea_n the_o king_n say_v 1._o charondas_n caronaeus_n be_v supreme_a lord_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o flow_v about_o his_o
least_o allow_v such_o a_o dominion_n viii_o some_o ancient_a testimony_n of_o inferior_a note_n all_o the_o testimony_n almost_o that_o be_v comprehend_v in_o this_o division_n be_v indeed_o domestic_a but_o so_o public_a and_o of_o so_o approve_a credit_n that_o hardly_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v imagine_v which_o may_v give_v a_o clear_a proof_n of_o possession_n whether_o civil_a as_o they_o call_v it_o consist_v in_o the_o act_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o mind_n or_o natural_a which_o require_n the_o presence_n of_o the_o body_n as_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o any_o man_n that_o plea_n to_o make_v enquiry_n especial_o if_o he_o add_v hereunto_o the_o judgement_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o such_o foreign_a nation_n who_o it_o chief_o concern_v whereof_o we_o shall_v treat_v also_o by_o and_o by_o but_o of_o these_o thing_n several_o and_o in_o order_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n have_v perpetual_o enjoy_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o they_o be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n prove_v from_o the_o guard_n or_o government_n thereof_o as_o of_o a_o province_n or_o territorie_n that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o the_o very_a law_n of_o the_o english_a admiralty_n chap._n fourteen_o as_o concern_v the_o guard_n or_o government_n of_o this_o sea_n there_o be_v three_o thing_n therein_o that_o deserv_v special_a consideration_n 1._o the_o bare_a mention_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o the_o guardian_n or_o admiral_n thereof_o in_o public_a record_n and_o history_n 2._o the_o tribute_n and_o custom_n impose_v demand_v or_o accustom_v to_o be_v pay_v for_o and_o in_o consideration_n of_o the_o say_a custody_n and_o last_o the_o tenor_n and_o variety_n of_o commission_n belong_v to_o this_o guard_n and_o english_a admiralty_n or_o government_n by_o sea_n since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n there_o be_v frequent_a mention_n of_o a_o guard_n or_o government_n institute_v for_o the_o defence_n and_o guard_v of_o the_o sea_n here_o call_v to_o mind_v those_o observation_n touch_v this_o kind_n of_o guard_n which_o have_v be_v already_o gather_v out_o of_o that_o record_n or_o breviarie_n of_o england_n call_v doomsday_n and_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o say_v florentius_n of_o worcester_n give_v order_n to_o his_o butsecarli_n to_o guard_v the_o sea_n and_o take_v care_n that_o no_o person_n from_o the_o part_n of_o normandy_n approach_v the_o english_a coast_n the_o same_o say_v roger_n hoveden_n in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n almost_o save_v only_o that_o the_o print_a copy_n err_v in_o put_v buzsecarlis_n for_o butsecarlis_n these_o butsecarli_n or_o butescarles_n in_o the_o old_a english_a language_n be_v officer_n belong_v to_o the_o navy_n or_o sea-soldier_n as_o hutesecarli_n be_v domestic_a servant_n or_o officer_n in_o court_n and_o that_o to_o guard_v the_o sea_n here_o signify_v to_o secure_v the_o sea_n itself_o not_o to_o defend_v the_o seacoast_n as_o sometime_o though_o seldom_o it_o do_v with_o land-force_n plain_o appear_v out_o of_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n in_o who_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o person_n who_o thus_o guard_v the_o sea_n be_v employ_v by_o the_o king_n to_o make_v war_n by_o sea_n against_o robert_n duke_n of_o normandy_n who_o be_v then_o prepare_v a_o expedition_n against_o england_n now_o those_o public_a record_n be_v lose_v wherein_o the_o royal_a commission_n for_o the_o delegation_n of_o this_o command_n or_o government_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v register_v all_o that_o space_n of_o time_n betwixt_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n and_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n john_n but_o from_o thence_o through_o all_o the_o succeed_a age_n unto_o this_o present_a time_n it_o be_v as_o clear_a as_o day_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v be_v wont_a to_o constitute_v governor_n or_o commander_n who_o have_v the_o charge_n of_o guard_v the_o english_a sea_n and_o be_v the_o guardian_n or_o governor_n thereof_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v some_o province_n upon_o land_n first_o of_o all_o there_o be_v 9_o entrust_v with_o the_o government_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o maritimae_n and_o marinae_fw-la the_o maritime_a and_o marine_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n understand_v by_o those_o word_n not_o only_o some_o country_n lie_v upon_o the_o seacoast_n but_o comprehend_v the_o british_a sea_n itself_o though_o i_o confess_v it_o be_v not_o always_o so_o such_o as_o be_v to_o guard_v and_o keep_v it_o under_o the_o title_n sometime_o of_o custodes_fw-la navium_fw-la guardian_n of_o the_o ship_n but_o more_o frequent_o custodes_fw-la maritimae_n or_o marinae_fw-la in_o the_o sens_fw-fr aforesaid_a and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o thomas_n de_fw-fr moleton_n be_v style_v 3._o captain_n and_o guardian_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o have_v authority_n give_v he_o to_o guard_v the_o sea_n and_o the_o maritime_a part_n of_o the_o eastern_a shore_n in_o the_o same_o king_n reign_n also_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o cinque-port_n be_v say_v to_o guard_v the_o dorso_fw-la coast_n of_o england_n and_o the_o sea_n so_o hugh_n de_fw-fr crequeur_n be_v warden_n of_o the_o 14._o cinque-port_n and_o of_o the_o sea_n in_o those_o part_n afterward_o the_o title_n of_o guardian_n or_o warden_n very_o often_o change_v into_o that_o of_o admiral_n edward_n the_o first_o say_v thomas_n of_o 1295._o walsingham_n for_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o sea_n divide_v his_o ship_n into_o three_o fleet_n set_v over_o they_o three_o admiral_n namely_o over_o the_o ship_n at_o yarmouth_n and_o the_o road_n thereabouts_o john_n the_o botetort_n over_o those_o at_o portsmouth_n william_n de_fw-fr leyburn_n and_o over_o the_o western_a and_o irish_a ship_n a_o certain_a irish_a knight_n moreover_o also_o that_o john_n de_fw-fr butetort_n be_v in_o the_o 5._o record_n of_o that_o time_n style_v custos_fw-la maritimae_n as_o be_v other_o also_o after_o this_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o three_o admiral_n of_o the_o three_o several_a coast_n of_o england_n say_v 22._o walsingham_n have_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n namely_o sir_n john_n oturvin_n sir_n nicolas_n kyriel_n sir_n john_n felton_n we_o find_v moreover_o in_o our_o 2._o public_a record_n that_o the_o principal_a end_n of_o call_v a_o parliament_n in_o the_o fourteen_o year_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o be_v de_n treter_n sur_fw-fr la_fw-fr guard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr pee_z de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr &_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr march_n d'escoce_fw-mi &_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mere_a i._n e._n that_o consultation_n may_v be_v have_v concern_v keep_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o land_n also_o of_o the_o border_n of_o scotland_n and_o of_o the_o sea_n the_o same_o regard_n they_o have_v to_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o of_o the_o island_n or_o land-province_n give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o the_o land_n and_o sea_n together_o make_v one_o entire_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n other_o evidence_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n we_o find_v in_o the_o 21._o record_n of_o parliament_n of_o the_o same_o king_n time_n or_o in_o the_o consultation_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n have_v about_o this_o matter_n that_o whilst_o they_o treat_v indifferent_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr saufegard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr concern_v the_o safeguard_n or_o defence_n of_o the_o land_n or_o island_n and_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr saufeguard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mere_n the_o safeguard_n of_o the_o sea_n they_o seem_v sufficient_o to_o declare_v be_v well_o inform_v by_o their_o ancestor_n that_o the_o dominion_n of_o this_o as_o well_o as_o of_o that_o do_v belong_v unto_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n for_o the_o business_n debate_v by_o they_o be_v not_o only_a how_o to_o provide_v a_o navy_n to_o make_v resistance_n against_o their_o enemy_n by_o sea_n but_o for_o the_o guard_v the_o sea_n itself_o as_o well_o as_o the_o secure_n of_o the_o isle_n and_o so_o for_o the_o maintain_v the_o ancient_a right_n of_o their_o king_n in_o both_o in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o hugh_n calverlee_n be_v make_v admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n say_v parâ—_n walsingham_n and_o m_o r_o thomas_n percy_n join_v in_o commission_n with_o he_o to_o scour_v the_o road_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o one_o year_n and_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o same_o king_n and_o likewise_o of_o the_o two_o succeed_a henries_n the_o four_o and_o the_o five_o debate_n be_v have_v in_o 6._o parliament_n about_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o six_o the_o guard_n 27._o of_o the_o sea_n be_v with_o a_o numerous_a navy_n commit_v to_o richard_n earl_n of_o salisbury_n john_n earl_n of_o shrewsburie_n john_n earl_n of_o worcester_n and_z james_z earl_n of_o wilts_n to_o who_o be_v add_v baron_n sturton_n and_o afterward_o to_o john_n duke_n
of_o etc._n excester_n and_o in_o those_o day_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o procure_v king_n letter_n common_o call_v in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o law_n protection_n whereby_o privilege_n and_o exemption_n from_o all_o suit_n be_v grant_v to_o those_o that_o be_v employ_v in_o this_o kind_n of_o guard_n or_o defence_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o that_o spend_v their_o time_n super_fw-la saluâ_fw-la custodiâ_fw-la &_o defension_n maris_n 1._o for_o the_o safeguard_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o form_n of_o the_o word_n have_v it_o which_o we_o frequent_o find_v in_o the_o archive_v moreover_o in_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o the_o same_o king_n reign_n mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o safeguard_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr saufegard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n as_o of_o a_o thing_n common_o know_v and_o for_o which_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o english_a to_o make_v as_o diligent_a provision_n as_o for_o the_o government_n of_o any_o province_n or_o country_n and_o in_o the_o 29._o twenty_o year_n of_o the_o same_o king_n the_o commons_o prefer_v a_o bill_n that_o a_o strong_a and_o well_o accomplish_a navy_n may_v be_v provide_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o sea_n because_o it_o be_v think_v fit_n be_v all_o the_o commons_n of_o this_o land_n that_o it_o be_v necessary_a the_o see_v be_v keep_v very_o many_o other_o passage_n there_o be_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n geoffrie_n chaucer_n who_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o and_o be_v a_o man_n very_o know_v in_o the_o affair_n of_o his_o country_n among_o other_o most_o elegant_a and_o lively_a character_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o man_n write_v in_o the_o english_a tongue_n describe_n the_o humour_n of_o a_o english_a merchant_n of_o that_o time_n how_o that_o his_o desire_n above_o all_o thing_n be_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v well_o guard_v never_o leave_v destitute_a of_o such_o protection_n as_o may_v keep_v it_o safe_a and_o quiet_a which_o he_o speak_v to_o set_v out_o the_o whole_a generation_n of_o merchant_n in_o that_o age_n who_o custom_n it_o be_v to_o be_v solicitous_a for_o traffic_v above_o all_o thing_n and_o consequent_o about_o the_o sea_n itself_o which_o will_v not_o afford_v they_o safe_a voyage_n do_v not_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o sovereign_n thereof_o according_a to_o their_o right_n and_o custom_n provide_v for_o the_o security_n of_o this_o as_o a_o province_n under_o their_o protection_n the_o word_n of_o chaucer_n be_v these_o his_o reason_n speak_v he_o full_a solemn_o show_v always_o the_o encrea_n of_o his_o win_n he_o will_v the_o see_v be_v keep_v for_o any_o thing_n betwixe_v middleborough_n and_o orewel_n orewel_o be_v a_o haven_n upon_o the_o coast_n in_o suffolk_n middleborough_n be_v in_o zealand_n the_o whole_a sea_n that_o flow_v between_o britain_n and_o zealand_n the_o english_a merchant_n will_v have_v secure_v this_o they_o be_v wont_v solemn_o and_o unanimous_o to_o pray_v for_o know_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o protection_n of_o they_o part_n of_o the_o duty_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o as_o concern_v any_o protection_n herein_o by_o any_o foreign_a prince_n any_o far_a than_o in_o their_o own_o harbour_n or_o at_o the_o most_o within_o the_o wind_a creek_n between_o those_o island_n which_o they_o possess_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o germany_n or_o gallia_n belgica_n there_o be_v nothing_o as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v find_v to_o be_v gather_v from_o any_o testimony_n of_o former_a age_n in_o the_o succeed_a age_n likewise_o there_o be_v frequent_a mention_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o guard_n defence_n and_o government_n of_o the_o same_o sea_n as_o will_v hereafter_o more_o full_o appear_v when_o we_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o tribute_n and_o of_o the_o tenor_n and_o variety_n of_o the_o commission_n give_v to_o our_o admiral_n but_o now_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o both_o the_o name_n and_o nature_n of_o this_o guard_n be_v very_o well_o know_v not_o only_o by_o the_o use_n of_o the_o word_n both_o in_o the_o 8._o imperial_a and_o canon_n feclesiae_fw-la law_n wherein_o it_o denote_v that_o the_o guardian_n ought_v to_o take_v a_o diligent_a care_n of_o that_o thing_n whereof_o he_o be_v owner_n who_o do_v either_o lend_v it_o or_o commit_v it_o to_o his_o oversight_n but_o also_o by_o the_o common_a and_o obvious_a use_n which_o the_o english_a make_v of_o the_o same_o word_n in_o other_o office_n or_o government_n for_o in_o those_o day_n of_o old_a when_o the_o title_n of_o guardian_n or_o warden_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v more_o usual_a there_o be_v appoint_v warden_n of_o the_o port_n even_o as_o at_o this_o day_n there_o be_v warden_n of_o the_o county_n who_o be_v those_o commander_n of_o county_n call_v sheriff_n and_o in_o the_o usual_a form_n and_o tenor_n of_o their_o writ_n have_v custodiam_fw-la comitatû_v the_o guard_n or_o defence_n of_o the_o county_n commit_v to_o their_o charge_n warden_n or_o keeper_n of_o the_o march_n or_o border_n keeper_n of_o tower_n or_o castle_n park_n house_n and_o the_o like_a yea_o and_o the_o lord_n lieutenant_n of_o ireland_n be_v especial_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n joannis_n john_n and_o etc._n henry_n the_o three_o style_v usual_o warden_n or_o keeper_n of_o ireland_n and_o his_o office_n or_o dignity_n common_o call_v the_o keepership_n of_o ireland_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o john_n duke_n of_o bedford_n and_z humphrey_z duke_n of_o gloucester_n who_o henry_n the_o five_o during_o the_o time_n of_o his_o absence_n in_o france_n depute_v to_o govern_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n by_o turn_n be_v call_v custodes_fw-la angliae_fw-la keeper_n of_o england_n as_o we_o very_o often_o find_v both_o in_o etc._n history_n and_o etc._n record_n so_o arthur_n prince_n of_o wales_n be_v make_v 1._o keeper_n of_o england_n while_o henry_n the_o seven_o be_v beyond_o the_o sea_n so_o piers_n gaveston_n be_v keeper_n of_o england_n while_o edward_n the_o second_o remain_v in_o france_n so_o be_v other_o also_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o governor_n also_o of_o the_o island_n of_o jarsey_n and_o garnesey_n and_o the_o rest_n that_o be_v situate_v in_o this_o sea_n who_o now_o be_v style_v governor_n keeper_n or_o captain_n be_v in_o etc._n ancient_a time_n call_v only_o by_o the_o name_n of_o guardian_n or_o keeper_n this_o then_o be_v so_o what_o reason_n have_v we_o to_o think_v that_o our_o ancestor_n do_v not_o use_v the_o same_o notion_n of_o guardian_n or_o keeper_n and_o of_o guard_v or_o keep_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o guardian_n and_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o use_v in_o the_o guard_n and_o keep_n of_o the_o island_n and_o in_o the_o other_o dignity_n or_o office_n before_o mention_v doubtless_o in_o all_o these_o the_o peculiar_a dominion_n and_o sovereignty_n of_o he_o that_o confer_v the_o dignity_n be_v so_o clear_o signify_v and_o include_v that_o his_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v keep_v and_o guard_v as_o well_o as_o authority_n over_o the_o person_n dignify_v be_v plain_o imply_v in_o this_o title_n nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v omit_v that_o in_o ancient_a time_n before_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n be_v sufficient_o establish_v by_o our_o king_n and_o settle_v so_o distinct_a that_o the_o command_n and_o government_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v belong_v only_o to_o they_o the_o governor_n or_o keeper_n of_o the_o province_n who_o we_o call_v sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o office_n have_v also_o some_o custody_n or_o command_n of_o part_n of_o that_o sea_n which_o adjoin_v to_o their_o respective_a province_n as_o of_o a_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n which_o true_o to_o let_v pass_v other_o proof_n be_v sufficient_o evident_a by_o this_o that_o many_o time_n in_o those_o day_n they_o who_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n be_v wont_a as_o at_o this_o day_n to_o put_v in_o execution_n the_o command_v of_o the_o king_n in_o those_o place_n only_o that_o be_v commit_v several_o to_o their_o charge_n and_o custody_n do_v do_v the_o same_o also_o in_o the_o sea_n itself_o as_o well_o as_o in_o any_o land-province_n belong_v to_o he_o from_o who_o they_o receive_v their_o authority_n for_o by_o virtue_n of_o their_o ordinary_a power_n derive_v from_o the_o king_n and_o such_o as_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o very_a same_o right_n by_o which_o they_o hold_v the_o government_n of_o the_o county_n or_o province_n they_o do_v oftentimes_o remove_v the_o king_n ship_n and_o fleet_n from_o one_o port_n to_o another_o by_o sea_n as_o through_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o province_n that_o be_v commit_v to_o their_o
sometime_o slight_a mention_n be_v make_v not_o only_o in_o the_o proêm_n of_o some_o charter_n of_o late_a time_n but_o also_o in_o several_a ancient_a petition_n of_o the_o islander_n that_o those_o island_n belong_v heretofore_o to_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n be_v hold_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o yet_o we_o know_v as_o well_o that_o those_o province_n which_o in_o ancient_a time_n be_v derive_v by_o inheritance_n to_o our_o king_n in_o france_n of_o which_o kind_n true_o these_o island_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v if_o they_o be_v hold_v as_o part_n of_o normandy_n be_v always_o permit_v so_o to_o use_v their_o own_o custom_n and_o ancient_a form_n of_o jurisdiction_n that_o they_o be_v not_o at_o all_o subject_n to_o the_o 19_o ordinary_a jurisdiction_n of_o the_o court_n of_o england_n the_o same_o privilege_n be_v ever_o allow_v likewise_o to_o the_o people_n of_o aquitain_n anjou_n normandy_n and_o other_o yea_o and_o some_o age_n since_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v please_v to_o order_n that_o such_o controversy_n as_o happen_v there_o shall_v not_o be_v decide_v in_o any_o other_o place_n out_o of_o the_o island_n but_o in_o their_o own_o court_n of_o judicature_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o in_o the_o reign_v of_o edward_n the_o 2d_o second_o and_o a._n three_o time_n which_o without_o doubt_n make_v good_a search_n into_o that_o right_n whereby_o those_o island_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n there_o be_v justice_n itinerant_a that_o be_v officer_n create_v of_o old_a who_o be_v often_o by_o ordinary_a right_n to_o take_v cognisance_n especial_o of_o the_o more_o heinous_a crime_n through_o all_o the_o county_n of_o england_n also_o of_o such_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o be_v usurp_v and_o arrogate_a by_o any_o and_o of_o other_o matter_n for_o the_o most_o part_n that_o be_v usual_o bring_v into_o court_n of_o justice_n who_o be_v 16._o sometime_o also_o call_v justitiae_fw-la errantes_fw-la justice_n errant_a be_v wont_a to_o be_v send_v forth_o into_o those_o island_n as_o well_o as_o into_o the_o county_n of_o england_n though_o the_o inhabitant_n do_v indeed_o exclaim_v and_o sometime_o prefer_v their_o petition_n against_o this_o kind_n of_o jurisdiction_n but_o yet_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o very_a officer_n who_o be_v themselves_o learned_a in_o the_o law_n then_o be_v that_o those_o commission_n whereby_o they_o be_v so_o enable_v to_o administer_v justice_n in_o those_o island_n be_v not_o only_o ground_v upon_o law_n which_o be_v the_o opinion_n also_o of_o those_o who_o rule_v at_o that_o time_n in_o this_o nation_n but_o also_o that_o the_o very_a province_n of_o the_o island_n be_v so_o incorporate_v one_o with_o another_o as_o they_o be_v all_o with_o england_n throughout_o the_o extent_n of_o that_o sea_n which_o lie_v between_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o english_a custom_n in_o the_o province_n or_o country_n that_o a_o caus_n be_v sometime_o enlarge_v they_o may_v appoint_v day_n of_o appearance_n to_o any_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o island_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n in_o england_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o any_o one_o of_o the_o isle_n in_o the_o other_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o be_v use_v within_o england_n itself_o which_o appear_v by_o the_o commission_n of_o john_n de_fw-fr scardeburgh_n and_o his_o fellow-justice_n in_o the_o time_n of_o scaccarii_fw-la edward_n the_o three_o and_o londinensi_fw-la other_o of_o that_o age._n but_o it_o be_v never_o hear_v i_o suppose_v that_o upon_o such_o a_o enlargement_n a_o time_n of_o appearance_n may_v by_o our_o common_a law_n be_v appoint_v in_o any_o other_o place_n but_o that_o which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o jurisdiction_n as_o contain_v within_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n whereto_o also_o that_o place_n belong_v out_o of_o which_o any_o one_o be_v so_o adjourn_v nor_o do_v i_o remember_v that_o any_o such_o thing_n be_v ever_o so_o much_o as_o attempt_v in_o those_o province_n which_o be_v not_o reckon_v in_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n yet_o possess_v upon_o another_o title_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o the_o dutchy_n of_o anjou_n normandy_n aquitain_n and_o the_o like_a moreover_o also_o in_o the_o more_o ancient_a charter_n of_o some_o of_o our_o king_n in_o confirmation_n of_o the_o etc._n privilege_n of_o islander_n they_o be_v note_v more_o than_o once_o for_o such_o privilege_n as_o they_o or_o their_o ancestor_n or_o predecessor_n have_v enjoy_v under_o the_o obedience_n of_o any_o of_o our_o progenitor_n be_v king_n of_o england_n sure_o if_o it_o have_v be_v then_o believe_v that_o those_o island_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o they_o have_v add_v also_o or_o duke_n of_o normandy_n which_o we_o find_v true_o in_o some_o charter_n of_o 19_o late_a time_n yet_o so_o that_o in_o these_o also_o those_o isle_n be_v say_v in_o express_a term_n and_o that_o upon_o very_o good_a ground_n to_o be_v retain_v in_o sealtie_n and_o obedience_n to_o our_o crown_n of_o england_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o the_o islander_n petition_v the_o king_n in_o parliament_n for_o their_o privilege_n and_o custom_n be_v which_o have_v be_v establish_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n annex_v the_o custom_n of_o some_o of_o the_o island_n among_o which_o be_v these_o item_n that_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v question_v about_o his_o freehold_n after_o he_o have_v quiet_o enjoy_v it_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n unless_o it_o be_v by_o writ_n take_v out_o of_o the_o chancery_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n make_v special_a mention_n both_o of_o the_o tenement_n itself_o and_o of_o the_o tenant_n item_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v put_v to_o answer_n before_o the_o king_n justice_n of_o assize_n until_o they_o first_o give_v they_o copy_n of_o their_o commission_n of_o assize_n under_o their_o seal_n item_n that_o the_o king_n justice_n assign_v by_o commission_n for_o the_o bold_v of_o assize_n ought_v not_o to_o hold_v plea_n here_o long_a than_o the_o space_n of_o three_o week_n true_o these_o ancient_a custom_n seem_v so_o to_o reâ—â—sh_v as_o if_o those_o island_n have_v be_v subject_a to_o our_o king_n &_o their_o ordinary_a jurisdiction_n by_o the_o right_n of_o english_a empire_n not_o by_o the_o norman_a although_o the_o islander_n insinuate_v also_o in_o the_o same_o petition_n that_o they_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o neighbour_a province_n of_o normandy_n add_v hereto_o also_o that_o the_o â—sle_n of_o serk_n be_v grant_v by_o queen_n 3_o elisabeth_n to_o herelie_o the_o carteret_n to_o be_v hold_v in_o capite_fw-la by_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o a_o feud_n belong_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n notwithstanding_o that_o it_o be_v unaware_o or_o else_o careless_o admit_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o this_o grant_n to_o be_v within_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n but_o in_o the_o treaty_n hold_v at_o chartres_n when_o edward_n the_o three_o renounce_v his_o claim_n to_o normandy_n and_o some_o other_o country_n of_o france_n that_o border_v upon_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v add_v that_o no_o controversy_n shall_v remain_v touch_v the_o island_n but_o that_o he_o shall_v hold_v all_o island_n whatsoëver_o which_o he_o possess_v at_o that_o time_n whether_o they_o lie_v before_o those_o country_n that_o â—ee_n hold_v or_o 3._o other_o for_o reason_n require_v this_o to_o maintain_v the_o dominion_n by_o sea_n yea_o both_o jersey_n and_o gernsey_n as_o also_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n and_o man_n be_v say_v in_o divers_a treaty_n hold_v betwixt_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o other_o prince_n to_o belong_v unto_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o to_o lie_v cottonianâ_fw-la near_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n these_o isle_n also_o be_v grant_v heretofore_o by_o king_n 27._o henry_n the_o five_o to_o his_o brother_n john_n duke_n of_o bedford_n without_o any_o recognition_n to_o be_v make_v unto_o we_o or_o our_o heir_n notwithstanding_o any_o prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n for_o any_o other_o tenure_n hold_v of_o we_o out_o of_o the_o say_a island_n which_o may_v in_o any_o wise_a belong_v unto_o the_o say_a island_n castle_n or_o dominion_n which_o word_n seem_v not_o in_o the_o least_o measure_n to_o admit_v any_o right_n of_o the_o duchy_n perhaps_o also_o that_o ancient_a custom_n be_v as_o a_o token_n or_o pledge_n of_o the_o sea_n dominion_n be_v conjoin_v with_o that_o of_o the_o isle_n whereby_o all_o the_o fish_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o record_n of_o 18._o edward_n the_o three_o take_v by_o the_o fisherman_n of_o
his_o council_n the_o like_a commission_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o by_o the_o same_o time_n and_o by_o the_o same_o authority_n give_v to_o john_n de_fw-fr norwich_n admiral_n of_o the_o northern_a part_n in_o the_o prefer_n of_o a_o certain_a bill_n also_o in_o parliament_n which_o be_v the_o voice_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o same_o edward_n we_o find_v that_o he_o be_v usual_o account_v and_o style_v king_n or_o sovereign_a of_o the_o sea_n by_o all_o nation_n the_o word_n be_v 20._o qe_v xx_o ans_fw-fr passez_fw-fr &_o toutdiz_fw-fr adevant_n la_o navy_n de_fw-fr dit_fw-fr roialme_n estoit_fw-fr en_fw-fr touz_v portz_fw-fr &_o bone_n villes_n sur_fw-fr mire_n &_o sur_fw-fr riviers_fw-mi si_fw-mi noble_a &_o si_fw-mi plentinouse_a qe_v touz_v les_fw-fr pais_fw-fr tâ—noâ—ent_fw-fr &_o appelloyenâ—_n nostre_fw-fr avantdit_fw-fr seignieur_n le_z roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mier_n &_o tout_fw-fr son_n pay_v dotoyent_n le_fw-fr pluis_fw-it per_fw-la mire_n &_o per_fw-la terre_fw-fr per_fw-la cause_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr dite_fw-fr navy_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v translate_v out_o of_o the_o old_a norman_a speak_v to_o this_o effect_n that_o the_o english_a be_v ever_o in_o the_o age_n past_o renown_a for_o sea_n affair_n in_o all_o country_n near_o the_o sea_n and_o they_o have_v also_o so_o numerous_a a_o navy_n that_o the_o people_n of_o all_o country_n esteem_v and_o call_v our_o king_n the_o king_n or_o sovereign_a of_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v likewise_o a_o notable_a testimony_n touch_v this_o business_n in_o the_o parlament-record_n of_o henry_n the_o five_o where_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o bill_n run_v as_o be_v usual_a after_o this_o manner_n item_n priont_fw-fr les_fw-fr 6._o commons_n que_fw-fr per_fw-la lou_z nostre_fw-fr tressoverain_a seigneur_fw-fr le_z roy_fw-fr et_fw-fr sesse_n nobles_n progenitor_n de_fw-fr tout_fw-fr temps_fw-fr on_o it_o este_fw-fr signior_n deal_v mere_a &_o over_o par_fw-fr lâ—_n grace_n de_fw-fr dieu_fw-fr est_fw-fr venuz_fw-fr que_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr dit_fw-fr seigneur_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr est_fw-fr seigneur_fw-fr des_fw-fr cost_n d'_fw-fr ambeparty_n deal_v mere_a d'_fw-fr ordeigner_n sur_fw-fr tout_fw-fr estrangers_n passant_n per_fw-mi my_o le_fw-fr dit_fw-fr mere_a tiel_n imposition_n all_o oep_v nostre_fw-fr dit_fw-fr seigneur_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr à _fw-fr prendre_fw-fr que_fw-fr à _fw-fr luy_fw-fr semblera_fw-fr reasonable_a pur_fw-mi la_fw-fr sauvegarde_n del_fw-it dite_fw-fr mere_a that_o be_v to_o sâ—â—_n item_n the_o commons_o do_v pray_v that_o see_v our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o his_o illustrious_a progenitor_n have_v ever_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o now_o that_o through_o god_n gtace_n it_o be_v so_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o shore_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n such_o a_o tribute_n may_v be_v impose_v upon_o all_o stranger_n pass_v through_o the_o say_a sea_n for_o the_o benefit_n and_o advantage_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n as_o may_v seem_v agreeable_a to_o reason_n for_o the_o safeguard_n of_o the_o say_v sea_n the_o answer_v subscribe_v to_o this_o bill_n be_v soit_fw-fr advise_v par_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr that_o be_v let_v the_o king_n himself_o be_v advise_v of_o it_o for_o the_o king_n reside_v in_o france_n at_o that_o time_n be_v lord_n of_o that_o country_n by_o inheritance_n and_o conquest_n and_o humphrey_n duke_n of_o gloucester_n be_v precedent_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v then_o keeper_n or_o lieutenant_n of_o england_n by_o who_o as_o the_o king_n deputy_n this_o kind_n of_o answer_n be_v usual_o give_v to_o bill_n as_o often_o as_o a_o assent_n to_o they_o be_v delay_v but_o when_o the_o king_n be_v present_a in_o person_n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr s'_fw-fr advisera_fw-la the_o k._n will_v advise_v serve_v in_o stead_n of_o a_o answer_n from_o ancient_a down_o to_o the_o present_a time_n in_o such_o bill_n as_o be_v not_o pass_v into_o acts._n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o those_o bill_n to_o which_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o have_v give_v their_o assent_n before_o that_o be_v the_o estate_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n which_o be_v here_o especial_o to_o be_v consider_v for_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o according_a to_o custom_n no_o answer_n be_v give_v either_o by_o the_o king_n or_o in_o the_o king_n name_n to_o any_o parlamentarie_a bill_n before_o that_o the_o bill_n whether_o it_o be_v bring_v in_o first_o by_o the_o lord_n or_o by_o the_o commons_o have_v pass_v both_o house_n as_o it_o be_v know_v to_o all_o that_o be_v verse_v in_o the_o affair_n and_o record_n of_o parliament_n and_o when_o the_o name_n of_o either_o of_o they_o be_v leave_v out_o in_o the_o draught_n of_o the_o bill_n as_o the_o lord_n be_v in_o that_o before_o allege_v it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v supply_v as_o it_o be_v also_o at_o this_o day_n by_o the_o brief_a form_n of_o assent_n which_o be_v add_v by_o that_o house_n to_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v send_v and_o transmit_v for_o that_o house_n which_o first_o prefer_v it_o transmit_n it_n to_o the_o other_o who_o either_o give_v we_o a_o assent_v or_o reject_n it_o and_o when_o both_o house_n have_v so_o give_v their_o assent_n then_o after_o a_o while_n either_o the_o king_n give_v we_o his_o assent_n whereby_o it_o becom'_v a_o act_n or_o law_n or_o else_o he_o laie'_v it_o aside_o and_o as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v take_v time_n to_o advise_v neither_o of_o which_o be_v ever_o do_v by_o the_o king_n according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o parliament_n till_o both_o lord_n and_o commons_o have_v first_o give_v their_o assent_n but_o the_o whole_a form_n of_o the_o aforementioned_a bill_n which_o be_v full_a of_o all_o kind_n of_o story_n concern_v thing_n transact_v in_o parliament_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o very_a schedule_n annex_v to_o the_o bill_n wherein_o the_o form_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o assent_n be_v wont_v express_o to_o be_v add_v and_o register_v according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n among_o the_o record_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n wherein_o it_o be_v at_o first_o exhibit_v no_o express_a mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o assent_n both_o of_o lord_n and_o commons_o which_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o form_n for_o the_o assent_n of_o both_o sufficient_o appear_v in_o that_o according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v so_o present_v to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o king_n assent_n only_o or_o intent_n of_o deliberation_n be_v add_v by_o way_n of_o subscription_n as_o i_o have_v show_v but_o most_o of_o those_o schedule_n annex_v to_o that_o kind_n of_o bill_n which_o relate_v to_o the_o more_o ancient_a time_n be_v lose_v whereas_o notwithstanding_o the_o record_n wherein_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v register_v have_v be_v careful_o preserve_v in_o the_o tower_n for_o above_o ccc_o year_n all_o which_o we_o think_v meet_v to_o mention_v here_o to_o the_o end_n that_o in_o the_o bill_n before_o allege_v out_o of_o the_o parlamentarie_a record_n of_o henry_n the_o five_o these_o three_o thing_n may_v be_v observe_v which_o make_v very_o much_o to_o the_o point_n in_o hand_n first_o that_o the_o estate_n in_o parliament_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o their_o ancestor_n that_o be_v to_o say_v both_o house_n of_o lord_n and_o commons_o be_v well-informed_n of_o the_o matter_n perhaps_o by_o some_o ancient_a testimony_n whereof_o we_o be_v bereave_v by_o the_o injury_n of_o time_n do_v with_o one_o consent_n affirm_v it_o as_o a_o thing_n unquestionable_a that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o appear_v also_o in_o that_o former_a record_n which_o relate_n to_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o for_o both_o the_o bill_n be_v place_v alike_o in_o the_o aforesaid_a record_n second_o that_o the_o sea_n whereof_o they_o speak_v be_v the_o whole_a that_o flow'_v between_o france_n and_o england_n for_o they_o say_v in_o express_a term_n that_o king_n henry_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v at_o that_o time_n lord_n des_fw-fr cost_n d_o ambâ—parties_n deal_v mere_a that_o be_v of_o the_o coast_n or_o shore_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o those_o that_o include_v the_o sea_n on_o both_o side_n which_o can_v be_v understand_v of_o any_o other_o or_o great_a sea_n than_o of_o that_o which_o be_v mention_v there_o immediate_o before_o and_o so_o it_o be_v in_o plain_a term_n to_o be_v take_v of_o that_o whole_a sea_n three_o that_o those_o estate_n do_v not_o question_v but_o that_o tribute_n may_v be_v impose_v by_o authority_n of_o parliament_n upon_o all_o stranger_n whatsoëver_o wheresoëver_o they_o pass_v through_o this_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o custom_n in_o port_n and_o that_o they_o do_v not_o at_o all_o conceiv_n that_o a_o bill_n ought_v
to_o be_v present_v touch_v that_o business_n unto_o the_o king_n as_o he_o be_v at_o that_o time_n king_n of_o france_n but_o only_o as_o king_n of_o england_n that_o be_v as_o lord_n of_o the_o whole_a sea_n flow_v between_o and_o it_o be_v very_o improbable_a and_o not_o in_o reason_n to_o be_v admit_v that_o they_o will_v so_o upon_o deliberation_n for_o both_o lord_n and_o commons_o use_v to_o debate_v such_o matter_n a_o long_a time_n before_o they_o pass_v a_o bill_n that_o they_o will_v i_o say_v so_o upon_o deliberation_n require_v a_o impose_v of_o custom_n by_o the_o act_n of_o a_o english_a parliament_n in_o a_o place_n that_o be_v not_o subject_a as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o king_n of_o england_n from_o hence_o it_o be_v also_o that_o our_o present_a king_n charles_n do_v this_o last_o year_n declare_v that_o himself_o and_o his_o progenitor_n the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v in_o all_o time_n hitherto_o by_o a_o ancient_a and_o most_o just_a title_n be_v lord_n of_o this_o sea_n to_o wit_n in_o his_o 1634._o letter_n patent_n send_v to_o the_o maritime_a county_n of_o england_n whereby_o ship-monie_n be_v impose_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o his_o dominion_n by_o sea_n add_v moreover_o hereunto_o that_o in_o the_o agreement_n make_v betwixt_o our_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o guy_n earl_n of_o flanders_n about_o the_o wear_n of_o colors_z or_o flag_n in_o every_o ship_n and_o punish_v offender_n by_o sea_n william_n de_fw-fr leyburn_n be_v call_v londinensi_fw-la admiral_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n du_fw-fr dict_z roy_fw-fr d_o engleterre_fw-fr or_o admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n other_o testimony_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n there_o be_v in_o record_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o acknowledge_v according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n which_o i_o shall_v discourse_n of_o in_o the_o next_o place_n and_o after_o that_o concern_v the_o testimony_n of_o foreiner_n of_o divers_a testimony_n in_o our_o own_o law-book_n and_o the_o most_o receive_a custom_n whereby_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v either_o assert_v or_o admit_v chap._n xxiv_o the_o seven_o of_o those_o head_n according_a to_o the_o former_a division_n which_o manifest_a the_o aforesaid_a dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n relate_n to_o our_o law-book's_a and_o the_o receive_a custom_n therein_o which_o prove_v it_o from_o the_o most_o ancient_a time_n there_o be_v also_o in_o they_o many_o particular_n that_o may_v relate_v hereunto_o which_o be_v explain_v now_o and_o then_o touch_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o english_a admiralty_n and_o other_o thing_n already_o handle_v but_o in_o this_o chapter_n we_o shall_v use_v either_o the_o determination_n and_o commentary_n of_o our_o own_o lawyer_n or_o chief_o such_o court-record_n as_o explain_v their_o opinion_n i_o confess_v indeed_o in_o some_o of_o the_o author_n of_o our_o law_n who_o write_v above_o cccl_o year_n ago_o or_o thereabouts_o after_o they_o have_v as_o the_o manner_n than_o be_v read_v through_o the_o civil_a law_n also_o they_o be_v so_o strict_a in_o follow_v those_o determination_n word_n for_o word_n which_o they_o find_v concern_v the_o sea_n in_o that_o law_n that_o when_o they_o treat_v the_o acquirendo_fw-la rerum_fw-la dominio_fw-la of_o the_o manner_n of_o acquire_v the_o dominion_n of_o thing_n they_o tranfer_v they_o into_o their_o own_o writing_n from_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o henry_n bracton_n who_o be_v a_o very_a famous_a lawyer_n at_o the_o late_a end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o say_v 6._o naturali_fw-la jure_fw-la communia_fw-la sunt_fw-la omne_fw-la haec_fw-la aqua_fw-la profluens_fw-la aër_fw-la &_o mare_n &_o litora_fw-la maris_fw-la quasi_fw-la maris_fw-la accessoria_fw-la by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n all_o these_o thing_n be_v common_a run_v water_n the_o aër_fw-la and_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o accessory_n or_o dependent_n of_o the_o sea_n also_o aedificia_fw-la si_fw-la in_o mari_fw-fr five_o in_fw-la litore_fw-la posita_fw-la fuerint_fw-la aedificantium_fw-la sunt_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la if_o building_n be_v raise_v in_o the_o sea_n or_o upon_o the_o shore_n they_o become_v they_o that_o build_v they_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o a_o little_a after_o jus_fw-la piscandi_fw-la omnibus_fw-la common_a est_fw-la in_o portu_fw-la &_o in_fw-la fluminibus_fw-la a_o right_a of_o fish_v be_v common_a to_o all_o in_o a_o haven_n and_o in_o rivers_n which_o we_o find_v likewise_o in_o purchas_n some_o other_o of_o our_o law-book_n of_o that_o age_n as_o a_o passage_n that_o fall_v from_o some_o writer_n of_o who_o i_o speak_v at_o large_a in_o the_o former_a book_n that_o be_v more_o affect_v than_o be_v meet_v with_o the_o word_n of_o ulpian_n and_o justinian_n in_o the_o general_a division_n of_o thing_n but_o these_o very_a man_n in_o other_o place_n show_v the_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n do_v sufficient_o admit_v the_o king_n dominion_n by_o sea_n for_o bracton_n himself_o afterward_o speak_v of_o they_o that_o by_o the_o king_n grace_n and_o favour_n 57_o quieti_fw-la sint_fw-la de_fw-la theolonio_n &_o consuetudinibus_fw-la dandis_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o terrâ_fw-la &_o mari_fw-fr &_o per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la quà m_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la be_v exempt_v from_o pay_v toll_n and_o custom_n throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o england_n in_o the_o land_n and_o in_o the_o sea_n and_o throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n both_o by_o land_n and_o by_o sea_n and_o in_o the_o same_o king_n time_n a_o freedom_n from_o some_o payment_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n 〈◊〉_d per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la quà m_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o well_o by_o sea_n as_o by_o land_n and_o so_o bracton_n when_o he_o return_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n acknowledge_v that_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o his_o king_n no_o less_o than_o the_o land_n and_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v also_o that_o inter_fw-la capitula_fw-la coronae_fw-la as_o they_o call_v they_o that_o be_v to_o say_v those_o article_n or_o chief_a head_n whereof_o enquiry_n be_v to_o be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o usual_a custom_n by_o judge_n delegated_a throughout_o england_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n we_o find_v this_o also_o de_fw-fr purpresturis_fw-la factis_fw-la super_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o terrâ_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o mari_n etc._n etc._n of_o tenant_n pourpresture_n make_v upon_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n either_o on_o land_n or_o in_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o sweet_a water_n either_o within_o the_o liberty_n or_o without_o or_o in_o any_o other_o place_n whatsoëver_o and_o it_o be_v place_v among_o the_o article_n of_o this_o kind_n recite_v by_o a._n bracton_n himself_o and_o in_o the_o 20._o author_n of_o the_o book_n call_v fleta_n but_o in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o law_n we_o call_v those_o thing_n pourpresture_n whereby_o detriment_n be_v do_v to_o any_o public_a place_n belong_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o a_o public_a thoroughfare_n a_o river_n and_o the_o like_a so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o ordinary_a article_n touch_v pourpresture_n in_o the_o general_a form_n of_o enquiry_n the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o king_n no_o less_o than_o of_o the_o land_n or_o of_o public_a road_n or_o thoroughfare_n and_o river_n agreeable_a hereto_o be_v that_o article_n about_o any_o kind_n of_o salt-water_n be_v enclose_v by_o any_o subject_n or_o possess_v in_o any_o other_o manner_n which_o in_o the_o ancient_a record_n of_o our_o court_n of_o admiralty_n be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v to_o the_o disherison_n of_o the_o king_n the_o word_n be_v there_o 33._o item_n soit_fw-fr enquis_fw-la de_fw-fr ceulx_fw-fr qui_fw-fr acrochent_fw-fr à _fw-fr eulx_fw-fr eaves_n salee_v en_fw-fr desheretison_fw-fr du_fw-fr roy._n and_o at_o this_o day_n enquiry_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v about_o that_o business_n by_o authority_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n robert_n belknap_n also_o a_o eminent_a judge_n in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o 46._o say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n as_o a_o part_n of_o his_o english_a kingdom_n or_o of_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n his_o word_n in_o the_o norman_a tongue_n run_v thus_o le_fw-fr mere_a est_fw-fr del_fw-it ligeans_n del_o roy_n come_v de_fw-fr son_fw-fr corone_fw-fr d'_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr he_o add_v to_o his_o word_n in_o a_o remarkable_a way_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n or_o as_o belong_v
he_o out_o of_o the_o catalogue_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n yet_o 2._o joannes_n tilius_fw-la place_v he_o among_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n call_v he_o roverius_n grimaldus_n he_o also_o be_v that_o admiral_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o as_o joannes_n de_fw-fr 93._o beka_n say_v have_v command_v of_o three_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o galley_n that_o be_v send_v by_o philip_n the_o fair_a in_o the_o year_n mccciv_o to_o aid_v the_o hollander_n against_o the_o fleming_n there_o be_v also_o several_a particular_n in_o the_o record_n of_o france_n which_o relate_v to_o the_o difference_n then_o on_o foot_n between_o the_o english_a and_o french_a and_o although_o that_o libel_n or_o any_o copy_n of_o it_o be_v not_o find_v therein_o if_o we_o may_v credit_v tilius_fw-la who_o set_v forth_o a_o catalogue_n of_o that_o kind_n of_o record_n yet_o there_o be_v that_o commission_n among_o they_o whereby_o the_o aforesaid_a auditor_n or_o commissioner_n be_v authorize_v to_o determine_v of_o thing_n do_v contrary_a to_o the_o league_n it_o be_v describe_v by_o 40._o tilius_fw-la after_o this_o manner_n pouvoir_fw-fr donè_fw-la par_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr edovard_n à _fw-fr deux_fw-fr nommez_fw-fr &_o accordez_fw-fr de_fw-fr sa_fw-fr part_n pour_fw-fr avec_fw-fr les_fw-fr deux_fw-fr eleuz_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr part_n du_fw-fr dit_fw-fr roy_fw-fr phelippe_n d'_fw-fr enquerir_fw-fr &_o amendir_fw-fr les_fw-fr forfaicte_v durant_fw-mi lour_v trefue_a le_fw-fr dernier_fw-fr juin_n mccciii_o ou_fw-fr tresor_fw-la layette_fw-fr procurationes_fw-la posse_fw-la &_o potestates_fw-la angliae_fw-la k._n power_n be_v give_v by_o king_n edward_n to_o two_o person_n name_v and_o appoint_v on_o his_o part_n to_o meet_v with_o two_o person_n choose_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o say_a king_n philip_n to_o make_v enquiry_n and_o give_v remedy_n touch_v injury_n commit_v during_o the_o truce_n betwixt_o they_o the_o last_o of_o june_n mccciii_o in_o the_o treasury_n in_o the_o box_n entitle_v procurationes_fw-la posse_fw-la &_o potestateâ—s_fw-la angliae_fw-la k._n the_o commission_n bear_v date_n the_o same_o day_n and_o year_n whereby_o these_o auditor_n or_o commissioner_n be_v appoint_v for_o this_o purpose_n as_o we_o observe_v before_o out_o of_o our_o own_o record_n nor_o be_v it_o of_o any_o force_n here_o to_o the_o contrary_a that_o commissioner_n be_v sometime_o etc._n depute_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n by_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o shore_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o also_o by_o the_o aforesaid_a king_n to_o determine_v complaint_n about_o robbery_n and_o other_o injury_n usual_o do_v by_o private_a person_n to_o one_o another_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n for_o if_o any_o one_o will_v collect_v thence_o that_o the_o prince_n which_o depute_v they_o have_v both_o a_o equal_a right_n in_o the_o sea_n it_o may_v as_o well_o be_v conclude_v upon_o the_o same_o ground_n that_o they_o be_v but_o part-owner_n of_o their_o own_o country_n and_o have_v a_o equal_a interest_n in_o each_o other_o be_v land_n beside_o in_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o deputation_n as_o that_o there_o be_v more_o regard_n have_v of_o the_o person_n offend_v that_o be_v to_o be_v try_v than_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o territory_n which_o true_o be_v whole_o to_o be_v discover_v some_o other_o way_n a_o recognition_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n make_v by_o the_o fleming_n in_o a_o embassy_n to_o edward_n the_o second_o chap._n xxix_o to_o these_o let_v we_o add_v now_o the_o assent_n and_o voluntary_a acknowledgement_n of_o the_o fleming_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o when_o as_o the_o ambassador_n of_o robert_n earl_n of_o flanders_n complain_v of_o the_o take_n of_o their_o good_n away_o at_o sea_n implore_v remedy_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n they_o say_v more_o than_o once_o that_o they_o be_v take_v upon_o the_o english_a sea_n towards_o the_o part_n about_o crauden_n within_o the_o power_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o bring_v into_o england_n but_o that_o it_o appertain_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o take_v cognisance_n of_o the_o crime_n for_o that_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n and_o the_o aforesaid_a depredation_n be_v commit_v upon_o the_o aforesaid_a sea_n within_o his_o territory_n and_o jurisdiction_n which_o be_v the_o word_n of_o the_o record_n but_o i_o shall_v set_v down_o the_o dorso_fw-la whole_a so_o far_o as_o it_o relate_n to_o this_o business_n memorandum_n that_o whereas_o for_o the_o reformation_n of_o certain_a injury_n in_o a_o amicable_a way_n do_v by_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n to_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o by_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o say_a kingdom_n to_o those_o of_o flanders_n since_o the_o time_n that_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n undertake_v the_o government_n of_o his_o kingdom_n several_a treaty_n have_v be_v hold_v between_o the_o council_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o say_a earl_n often_o send_v into_o england_n upon_o the_o aforesaid_a occasion_n which_o treaty_n by_o reason_n of_o some_o impediment_n that_o happen_v do_v not_o aâ—tem_v the_o desire_a effect_n at_o length_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n hold_v at_o westminster_n in_o ocâ—abis_fw-la sancti_fw-la michaâ—lis_fw-la in_o the_o fourteen_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n there_o appear_v certain_a ambassador_n of_o the_o say_a earl_n to_o treat_v about_o reform_v the_o aforesaid_a injury_n in_o the_o form_n aforesaid_a and_o when_o as_o the_o say_a ambassador_n have_v be_v admit_v by_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n to_o treat_v anew_o of_o this_o kind_n of_o injury_n these_o ambassador_n as_o other_o ambassador_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a earl_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a treaty_n do_v among_o other_o particular_n that_o they_o require_v before_o all_o thing_n make_v supplication_n that_o the_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n will_v at_o his_o own_o sâ—â—t_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o royal_a authority_n cause_n enquiry_n to_o be_v maâ—â—_n and_o do_v justice_n about_o a_o certain_a depredation_n laâ—ely_o make_v by_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n as_o they_o say_v upon_o the_o english_a sea_n of_o wine_n and_o divers_a other_o merchandise_n belong_v to_o certain_a man_n of_o flanders_n towards_o the_o part_n about_o crauden_n within_o the_o territory_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n allege_v that_o the_o aforesaid_a wine_n and_o merchandises_n take_v from_o the_o say_a fleming_n be_v bring_v within_o the_o râ—â—â—m_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o that_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n himself_o so_o to_o do_v for_o that_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n and_o the_o aforesaid_a depredation_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o say_a sea_n within_o his_o territory_n and_o jurisdiction_n in_o conclusion_n after_o diligent_a consideration_n have_v of_o the_o premise_n in_o the_o same_o parliament_n with_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o peer_n of_o the_o say_a realm_n be_v there_o present_a it_o be_v conclude_v upon_o their_o advice_n by_o the_o say_a lord_n king_n that_o to_o preserv_v the_o benefit_n of_o peace_n between_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n and_o â—landers_n the_o say_a lord_n king_n do_v by_o his_o royal_a authority_n cause_n enquiry_n to_o be_v make_v about_o the_o good_n take_v at_o that_o time_n upon_o the_o aforesaid_a english_a sea_n towards_o the_o say_a place_n of_o crauden_n and_o bring_v within_o the_o say_a realm_n in_o those_o place_n where_o the_o malefactor_n go_v with_o the_o good_n so_o take_v to_o the_o say_a land_n of_o england_n and_o cause_v the_o same_o depredation_n to_o be_v hear_v and_o determine_v according_a to_o law_n and_o reason_n and_o that_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n who_o have_v a_o hand_n in_o the_o say_a depredation_n and_o other_o who_o know_o receive_v the_o say_v offender_n with_o the_o good_n so_o take_v in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n may_v be_v charge_v and_o punish_v thereupon_o as_o partaker_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a depredation_n so_o far_o that_o record_n and_o commissioner_n be_v appoint_v with_o power_n of_o jurisdiction_n by_o the_o king_n commission_n through_o most_o of_o the_o maritime_a county_n to_o make_v reparation_n of_o damage_n but_o because_o there_o be_v upon_o the_o shore_n over_o against_o we_o especial_o those_o of_o zealand_n and_o there_o be_v also_o upon_o other_o neighbour_a shore_n beside_o inlet_n of_o river_n very_o many_o wind_n and_o turn_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v in_o whereby_o the_o land_n be_v so_o interweave_v up_o and_o down_o that_o it_o can_v well_o be_v but_o that_o the_o sea_n also_o which_o flow'_v in_o and_o oftentimes_o remove_n bank_n and_o make_v harbour_n there_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n almost_o
the_o southern_a and_o eastern_a part_n of_o it_o as_o lord_n thereof_o together_o with_o the_o island_n before_o they_o be_v bring_v under_o the_o roman_a power_n p._n 188_o chap._n iii_o that_o the_o britain_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o northern_a sea_n before_o they_o be_v subdue_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o that_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o land_n make_v one_o entire_a body_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n pag._n 201_o chap._n iv_o that_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n follow_v the_o conquest_n of_o great_a britain_n itself_o under_o the_o emperor_n claudius_n and_o domitian_n pag._n 205_o chap._n v._o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o the_o british_a sea_n as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o island_n from_o the_o time_n of_o domitian_n to_o the_o emperor_n constantius_n chlorus_n or_o diocletian_a pag._n 211_o chap._n vi_o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o southern_a and_o eastern_a sea_n as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o british_a empire_n from_o the_o time_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a till_o the_o roman_n quit_v the_o island_n that_o it_o be_v all_o under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o count_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n throughout_o britain_n also_o concern_v the_o british_a navy_n under_o the_o roman_n pag._n 217_o chap._n vii_o a_o examination_n of_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o learned_a man_n who_o will_v have_v the_o saxon_a shore_n from_o whence_o that_o count_n or_o commander_n of_o the_o sea_n throughout_o britain_n have_v his_o title_n to_o be_v the_o british_a shore_n on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v plain_o prove_v to_o be_v false_o pag._n 231_o chap._n viii_o some_o evidence_n concern_v the_o sovereignty_n and_o inseparable_a dominion_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o britain_n and_o the_o sea_n belong_v thereto_o out_o of_o claudian_n and_o certain_a coin_n of_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n pius_n pag._n 242_o chap._n ix_o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n after_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v free_v themselves_o from_o the_o roman_a power_n pag._n 247_o chap._n x._o it_o be_v prove_v both_o from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o saxon_n reign_n as_o also_o from_o their_o force_n and_o victory_n by_o sea_n that_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o dane_n who_o rule_v the_o south_n part_n of_o britain_n have_v dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n pag._n 251_o chap._n xi_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o dane_n during_o their_o reign_n in_o britain_n observe_v in_o like_a manner_n from_o such_o tribute_n and_o duty_n of_o their_o fiduciarie_n client_n or_o vassal_n as_o concern_v the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n also_o concern_v the_o tribute_n or_o paiment_n call_v danegeld_v which_o be_v wont_v to_o beelevied_a for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n pag._n 259_o chap._n xii_o the_o testimony_n of_o edgar_n and_o canutus_n king_n of_o england_n with_o other_o express_o declare_v the_o dominion_n which_o they_o and_o their_o predecessor_n have_v over_o the_o sea_n together_o with_o a_o observation_n touch_v the_o nation_n which_o in_o that_o age_n be_v seat_v upon_o the_o opposite_a shore_n pag._n 273_o chap._n xiii_o several_a testimony_n concern_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o the_o norman_a conquest_n set_v forth_o in_o general_a head_n pag._n 284_o chap._n fourteen_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n have_v perpetual_o enjoy_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o they_o be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n prove_v from_o the_o guard_n or_o government_n thereof_o as_o of_o a_o province_n or_o territorie_n that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o the_o very_a law_n of_o the_o english_a admiralty_n pag._n 287_o chap._n xv._o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n assert_v from_o those_o tribute_n or_o custom_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v impose_v pay_v and_o demand_v for_o the_o guard_n or_o protection_n thereof_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n pag._n 295_o chap._n xvi_o observation_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a and_o irish_a sea_n from_o the_o tenor_n and_o variety_n of_o those_o letter_n patent_n or_o commission_n royal_a whereby_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v put_v in_o authority_n pag._n 305_o chap._n xvii_o it_o be_v prove_v by_o word_n plain_a enough_o in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o commission_n for_o the_o government_n or_o command_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n from_o ancient_a to_o the_o present_a time_n that_o the_o sea_n for_o who_o guard_n or_o defence_n he_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o lord_n and_o sovereign_n be_v ever_o bound_v towards_o the_o south_n by_o the_o shore_n of_o aquitain_n normandy_n and_o picardy_n pag._n 312_o chap._n xviii_o touch_v the_o admiral_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n or_o those_o constitute_v upon_o the_o opposite_a shore_n their_o original_a nature_n and_o variety_n that_o the_o sea_n itself_o flow_v between_o britain_n and_o france_n be_v not_o contain_v in_o that_o command_n of_o he_o as_o of_o one_o that_o be_v governor_n of_o a_o territory_n or_o province_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n in_o it_o that_o may_v oppose_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n pag._n 321._o chap._n xix_o that_o in_o the_o dominion_n of_o those_o island_n lie_v before_o the_o shore_n of_o france_n which_o have_v ever_o be_v enjoy_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n wherein_o they_o be_v situate_a be_v derive_v from_o their_o predecessor_n pag._n 333_o chap._n xx._n the_o dominion_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n assert_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n from_o that_o leave_v of_o preter-navigation_n or_o passage_n which_o have_v be_v usual_o either_o grant_v by_o they_o to_o foreiner_n or_o desire_v from_o they_o pag._n 344_o chap._n xxi_o that_o licence_n have_v be_v usual_o grant_v to_o foreiner_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o fish_n in_o the_o sea_n also_o that_o the_o protection_n give_v to_o fisherman_n by_o they_o as_o in_o their_o own_o territory_n be_v a_o ancient_a and_o manifest_a evidence_n of_o their_o dominion_n by_o sea_n pag._n 355_o chap._n xxii_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n make_v evident_a from_o the_o law_n and_o limit_n usual_o set_v by_o our_o king_n in_o the_o sea_n to_o such_o foreiner_n as_o be_v at_o enmity_n with_o each_o other_o but_o in_o amity_n with_o the_o english_a and_o concern_v the_o king_n closet_n or_o chamber_n in_o the_o sea_n also_o touch_v that_o singular_a privilege_v of_o perpetual_a truce_n or_o exemption_n from_o hostility_n in_o the_o sea_n about_o those_o isle_n which_o lie_v before_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n pag._n 363_o chap._n xxiii_o certain_a public_a record_n wherein_o of_o old_a the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o the_o way_n asscribe_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n both_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o also_o by_o the_o estate_n of_o parliament_n debate_v of_o other_o matter_n and_o that_o in_o express_a word_n and_o with_o very_o great_a deliberation_n as_o a_o know_a and_o most_o undoubted_a right_n pag._n 375_o chap._n xxiv_o of_o divers_a testimony_n in_o our_o own_o law-book_n and_o the_o most_o receive_a custom_n whereby_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v either_o assert_v or_o admit_v pag._n 382_o chap._n xxv_o son_n ancient_a testimony_n of_o less_o account_n touch_v the_o sea-dominion_n whereof_o we_o treat_v pag._n 394_o chap._n xxvi_o that_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o foreiner_n who_o it_o most_o concern_v by_o their_o usual_a strike_n of_o sail_n according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n also_o concern_v two_o edict_n or_o ordinance_n that_o be_v set_v forth_o about_o this_o thing_n by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n pag._n 398_o chap._n xxvii_o a_o recognition_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n make_v by_o very_a many_o of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n round_o about_o in_o a_o ancient_a libel_n public_o exhibit_v or_o in_o a_o bill_n of_o complaint_n institute_v by_o they_o together_o with_o the_o english_a against_o reyner_n grimbald_n governor_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n also_o touch_v a_o recognition_n of_o this_o kind_n imply_v in_o his_o defence_n pag._n 403_o chap._n xxviii_o a_o copy_n or_o transcript_n of_o the_o libel_n or_o bill_n of_o complaint_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n pag._n 415._o chap._n xxix_o a_o recognition_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n make_v by_o the_o fleming_n in_o a_o embassy_n to_o edward_n the_o second_o pag._n 429_o chap._n xxx_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o the_o irish_a and_o western_a sea_n consider_v single_o and_o apart_o by_o itself_o pag._n 433
be_v by_o they_o deliver_v just_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v so_o discourse_n upon_o aristotle_n astronomy_n or_o the_o opinion_n of_o thales_n touch_v the_o earth_n float_v like_o a_o dish_n in_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o of_o the_o stoics_n of_o its_o encompass_v the_o earth_n like_o a_o girdle_n with_o that_o of_o the_o ancient_n concern_v a_o extreme_a heat_n under_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o other_o opinion_n of_o that_o kind_n which_o be_v reject_v and_o condemn_v by_o the_o observation_n and_o experience_n of_o posterity_n that_o he_o may_v seem_v not_o so_o much_o to_o search_v into_o the_o thing_n itself_o as_o to_o represent_v the_o person_n of_o the_o author_n thereby_o to_o trace_v out_o his_o meaning_n only_o for_o the_o discover_n of_o his_o opinion_n but_o as_o the_o root_n be_v cut_v the_o tree_n fall_v so_o the_o authority_n of_o those_o ancient_a lawyer_n be_v remove_v out_o of_o the_o way_n all_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o modern_a which_o be_v support_v by_o it_o must_v be_v extreme_o weaken_v now_o therefore_o as_o to_o what_o have_v be_v former_o allege_v out_o of_o fernandus_n vosquius_fw-la it_o be_v ground_v upon_o such_o argument_n as_o be_v either_o manifest_o fall_v or_o impertinent_a for_o what_o be_v this_o to_o the_o purpose_n that_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n to_o this_o present_a day_n be_v and_o ever_o have_v be_v in_o common_a without_o the_o least_o alteration_n as_o it_o be_v general_o know_v whereas_o the_o quite_o contrary_a be_v most_o certain_o know_v to_o those_o who_o have_v have_v any_o insight_n into_o the_o receive_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o age_n and_o nation_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o by_o most_o approve_a law_n and_o custom_n some_o sea_n have_v pass_v into_o the_o dominion_n and_o partrimonie_n both_o of_o prince_n and_o private_a person_n as_o be_v clear_o make_v manifest_a out_o of_o what_o have_v be_v already_o show_v you_o moreover_o also_o he_o 7._o will_v have_v prescription_n to_o cease_v betwixt_o foreigner_n in_o relation_n to_o each_o other_o and_o not_o to_o take_v place_n in_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o in_o the_o civil_a only_o so_o that_o by_o his_o opinion_n prescription_n shall_v be_v of_o no_o force_n between_o those_o as_o between_o two_o supreme_a state_n or_o prince_n who_o be_v not_o indifferent_o subject_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o admit_n prescription_n than_o which_o not_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v say_v or_o imagine_v more_o absurd_a almost_o all_o the_o principal_a point_n of_o the_o intervenient_a law_n of_o nation_n be_v establish_v by_o long_a consent_n of_o person_n use_v they_o do_v depend_v upon_o prescription_n or_o ancient_a custom_n to_o say_v nothing_o of_o those_o prince_n who_o territory_n be_v subject_a heretofore_o to_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o who_o afterward_o become_v absolute_a within_o themselves_o not_o only_o by_o arm_n but_o also_o by_o prescription_n which_o be_v every_o where_o admit_v among_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n whence_o be_v it_o that_o prisoner_n of_o war_n be_v not_o now_o make_v slave_n among_o christian_n unless_o it_o be_v because_o that_o custom_n begin_v to_o grow_v out_o of_o date_n some_o age_n since_o upon_o a_o ground_n of_o 2d_o christian_a brotherhood_n and_o by_o prescription_n ratify_v betwixt_o nation_n whence_o be_v it_o that_o the_o ransom_n of_o prisoner_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v some_o to_o the_o prince_n and_o some_o to_o the_o person_n that_o take_v they_o as_o for_o instance_n when_o the_o ransom_n be_v not_o above_o ten_o thousand_o crown_n it_o go_v to_o he_o that_o take_v the_o prisoner_n when_o it_o exceed_v it_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o prince_n because_o say_v 4._o nicolaus_n boërius_n if_o it_o exceed_v as_o when_o any_o one_o have_v take_v a_o duke_n a_o count_n a_o baron_n or_o any_o other_o great_a man_n than_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o prince_n and_o so_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n england_n and_o spain_n it_o have_v by_o prescription_n of_o time_n be_v observe_v among_o prince_n and_o so_o it_o become_v law_n and_o true_o to_o deny_v a_o title_n of_o prescription_n whole_o among_o prince_n be_v plain_o to_o abrogate_v the_o very_a intervenient_a law_n of_o nation_n as_o for_o those_o other_o thing_n mention_v by_o vasquius_fw-la concern_v charity_n and_o the_o inexhaustible_a abundance_n of_o the_o sea_n whereby_o he_o make_v a_o difference_n betwixt_o river_n and_o sea_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n they_o have_v no_o relation_n at_o all_o to_o the_o point_n of_o dominion_n as_o you_o have_v be_v sufficient_o tell_v already_o in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o come_v to_o the_o other_o to_o wit_n hugo_n grotius_n a_o man_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o extraordinary_a knowledge_n in_o thing_n both_o divine_a and_o humane_a who_o name_n be_v very_o frequent_a in_o the_o mouth_n of_o man_n every_o where_o to_o maintain_v a_o natural_a and_o perpetual_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n he_o have_v handle_v that_o point_n in_o two_o book_n in_o his_o mare_fw-la liberum_fw-la and_o in_o that_o excellent_a work_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_n &_o pacis_fw-la as_o to_o what_o concern_v mare_fw-la liberum_fw-la a_o book_n that_o be_v write_v against_o the_o portugal_n about_o trade_v into_o the_o indies_n through_o the_o vast_a atlantic_a and_o southern_a ocean_n it_o conte_v indeed_o such_o thing_n as_o have_v be_v deliver_v by_o ancient_a lawyer_n touch_v community_n of_o the_o sea_n yea_o and_o dispute_v for_o the_o profit_n and_o interest_n of_o his_o country_n he_o draw_n they_o into_o his_o own_o party_n and_o so_o endeavor_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n but_o he_o have_v so_o wary_o couch_v this_o subject_n with_o other_o thing_n that_o whether_o in_o this_o he_o do_v hit_v or_o miss_v the_o rest_n howsoëver_o may_v serve_v to_o assert_v the_o point_n which_o he_o be_v to_o handle_v moreover_o he_o discourse_v about_o the_o title_n of_o discovery_n and_o primarie_a occupation_n pretend_v to_o by_o the_o portugal_n and_o that_o also_o which_o be_v by_o donation_n from_o the_o pope_n and_o he_o seem_v in_o a_o manner_n either_o sometime_o to_o quit_v that_o natural_a and_o perpetual_a community_n which_o many_o civil_a lawyer_n be_v eager_a to_o maintain_v and_o he_o himself_o in_o order_n to_o his_o design_n endeavour_v to_o confirm_v or_o else_o to_o confess_v that_o it_o can_v hardly_o be_v defend_v for_o concern_v those_o sea_n that_o be_v enclose_v by_o the_o ancient_a roman_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o sea_n say_v 5._o he_o differ'_v from_o the_o shore_n in_o this_o that_o the_o sea_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o some_o small_a part_n of_o itself_o be_v not_o easy_o capable_a of_o building_n or_o enclosure_n and_o put_v case_n it_o be_v yet_o even_o this_o can_v hardly_o be_v without_o the_o hindrance_n of_o common_a use_n nevertheless_o if_o any_o small_a part_n of_o it_o may_v be_v thus_o possess_v it_o fall_v to_o he_o that_o enter_v upon_o it_o first_o by_o occupation_n now_o the_o difference_n of_o a_o lesser_a and_o a_o greaâ—er_a part_n can_v take_v place_n i_o suppose_v in_o the_o determine_n of_o private_a dominion_n but_o in_o express_a word_n he_o except'_v even_o a_o bay_n or_o creek_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o a_o little_a after_o say_v he_o we_o do_v not_o speak_v here_o of_o a_o iâ—land_n sea_n which_o in_o some_o place_n be_v straighten_v with_o land_n on_o every_o side_n exceed_v not_o the_o breadth_n even_o of_o a_o river_n yet_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o this_o be_v it_o the_o roman_a lawyer_n speak_v of_o when_o they_o set_v forth_o those_o notable_a determination_n against_o private_a avarice_n but_o the_o question_n be_v concern_v the_o ocean_n which_o antiquity_n call_v immense_a infinite_a the_o parent_n or_o original_a of_o thing_n confine_v with_o the_o aër_fw-la and_o afterward_o he_o say_v the_o controversy_n be_v not_o about_o a_o straight_a or_o creek_n in_o this_o ocean_n nor_o of_o so_o much_o as_o be_v within_o view_v when_o one_o stand_v upon_o the_o shore_n a_o little_a far_o also_o speak_v of_o prescription_n he_o say_v 7._o it_o be_v to_o be_v add_v that_o their_o authority_n who_o be_v of_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n can_v be_v apply_v to_o this_o question_n for_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n we_o of_o the_o ocean_n they_o of_o a_o creek_n or_o bay_n we_o of_o the_o broad_a and_o wide_a sea_n which_o differ_v very_o much_o in_o the_o point_n of_o occupation_n and_o certain_o there_o be_v no_o man_n but_o must_v conceiv_v it_o a_o very_a difficult_a thing_n to_o possess_v the_o whole_a ocean_n though_o if_o it_o can_v be_v hold_v by_o occupation_n like_o a_o narrow_a sea_n or_o a_o creek_n or_o as_o
protest_v that_o he_o behold_v the_o devil_n dance_v upon_o the_o heap_n of_o money_n &_o extreme_o rejoice_v whereupon_o he_o immediate_o command_v to_o restore_v it_o to_o the_o former_a owner_n and_o will_v not_o keep_v one_o joâ—_n of_o so_o cruel_a a_o exaction_n but_o remit_v it_o for_o ever_o to_o wit_n in_o the_o thirty_o eight_o year_n after_o swain_n king_n of_o denmark_n command_v it_o to_o be_v pay_v every_o year_n to_o his_o navy_n in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o father_n ethelred_n by_o dis-counting_a 38_o year_n from_o the_o year_n 1051._o that_o year_n 1012._o be_v sufficient_o manifest_a wherein_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o danegeld_n be_v place_v according_a to_o that_o which_o have_v be_v already_o speak_v nor_o be_v it_o any_o prejudice_n at_o all_o that_o there_o seem_v perhaps_o to_o be_v one_o year_n over_o and_o above_o for_o such_o as_o be_v verse_v in_o the_o chronicle_n of_o the_o monk_n know_v well_o enough_o that_o difference_n of_o that_o kind_n be_v very_o frequent_a among_o they_o especial_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o careless_a confound_v of_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n and_o of_o the_o king_n who_o beginning_n do_v various_o differ_v as_o every_o man_n know_v nor_o be_v it_o probable_a that_o they_o be_v sufficient_o agree_v touch_v the_o tribute_n and_o tax_n before_o the_o next_o or_o one_o thousand_o and_o thirteen_o year_n for_o concern_v that_o year_n florentius_n hoveden_n and_o other_o speak_v express_o thus_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o tyrant_n swain_n give_v command_v to_o make_v ready_a provision_n in_o abundance_n for_o his_o navy_n and_o for_o payment_n of_o a_o almost_o intolerable_a tribute_n in_o like_a manner_n turkillus_n send_v out_o his_o command_n every_o where_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v pay_v to_o his_o fleet_n which_o lie_v at_o greenwich_n that_o fleet_n of_o xlv_o ship_n ride_v now_o and_o then_o in_o the_o thames_n near_o greenwich_n and_o then_o first_o receive_v their_o promise_a pay_n that_o be_v in_o that_o very_a year_n which_o be_v discount_v be_v the_o thirty_o eight_o year_n as_o ingulphus_n will_v have_v it_o wherefore_o its_o beginning_n be_v not_o ill_o place_v in_o that_o year_n without_o all_o question_n that_o ingulphus_n be_v a_o courtier_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n william_n the_o first_o or_o a_o man_n of_o no_o mean_a account_n at_o the_o time_n wherein_o that_o be_v do_v which_o he_o relate_n so_o that_o especial_a credit_n be_v to_o be_v give_v he_o in_o this_o particular_a whereas_o also_o he_o say_v that_o king_n edward_n remit_v danegeld_v for_o ever_o the_o same_o thing_n be_v affirm_v also_o by_o roger_n hoveden_n and_o matthew_n the_o monk_n of_o westminster_n who_o say_v in_o the_o year_n of_o grace_n mli_o king_n edward_n absolve_v the_o people_n of_o england_n from_o that_o most_o grievous_a tribute_n of_o 38_o thousand_o pound_n which_o be_v usual_o pay_v to_o the_o danish_a auxiliary_n during_o his_o father_n reign_n whereof_o we_o read_v also_o in_o cottonianâ_fw-la matthew_n paris_n but_o hoveden_n say_v k._n edward_n absolve_v the_o people_n of_o england_n from_o that_o grievous_a tribute_n in_o the_o thirty_o eight_o year_n after_o that_o his_o father_n k._n ethelred_n have_v command_v it_o to_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o danish_a soldier_n other_o there_o be_v also_o that_o write_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n some_o of_o the_o annalibus_fw-la english_a saxon_a chronicle_n place_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o the_o follow_a year_n and_o so_o affirm_v that_o there_o intervene_v 39_o year_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o tribute_n which_o also_o they_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o heregild_n that_o be_v a_o military_a oâ—_n naval_a tribute_n to_o that_o abolishment_n of_o it_o by_o king_n edward_n nevertheless_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v its_o beginning_n they_o agree_v with_o ingulphus_n and_o hoveden_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o year_n mlii_o those_o chronicle_n render_v it_o thus_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v to_o say_v k._n edward_n abolish_v that_o military_a tribute_n or_o heregild_n which_o have_v be_v former_o impose_v by_o k._n ethelred_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o nine_o and_o thirty_o year_n after_o it_o begin_v but_o yet_o in_o the_o author_n of_o that_o regis_fw-la dialogue_n concern_v the_o exchequer_n write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o k._n henry_n the_o second_o common_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v gervasius_n tilburiensis_n we_o read_v it_o be_v pay_v yearly_o even_o till_o the_o time_n of_o k._n william_n the_o first_o or_o the_o norman_a conquest_n that_o be_v to_o say_v for_o fourteen_o year_n complete_a immediate_o after_o that_o abolishment_n for_o so_o long_o k._n edward_n reign_v who_o that_o william_n succeed_v the_o autor_n word_n be_v these_o the_o pirate_n of_o the_o adjacent_a island_n have_v make_v a_o irruption_n and_o spoil_v the_o seacoast_n carry_v away_o gold_n silver_n and_o all_o thing_n of_o any_o value_n but_o assoon_o as_o the_o king_n and_o his_o subject_n set_v forth_o any_o preparation_n of_o war_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o nation_n they_o present_o â—â—ed_v away_o by_o sea_n but_o the_o chief_a among_o they_o and_o ever_o more_o incline_v to_o mischief_n be_v that_o warlike_a and_o populous_a nation_n of_o the_o dane_n who_o beside_o their_o ordinary_a desire_n of_o prey_n press_v on_o the_o more_o furious_o because_o they_o lay_v claim_v to_o somewhat_o of_o ancient_a right_n in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o british_a history_n relate_n more_o at_o large_a therefore_o for_o the_o repel_v of_o they_o it_o be_v ordain_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n that_o two_o shilling_n silver_n upon_o every_o hide_n of_o land_n shall_v by_o a_o kind_n of_o custom_n for_o ever_o be_v pay_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o valiant_a man_n who_o by_o scout_v about_o continual_o and_o guard_v the_o seacoast_n may_v repress_v the_o invasion_n of_o enemy_n and_o in_o regard_n this_o revenue_n be_v appoint_v chief_o because_o of_o the_o dane_n therefore_o it_o be_v call_v danegeld_v and_o thereupon_o it_o be_v pay_v by_o yearly_a custom_n as_o have_v be_v say_v under_o the_o english_a king_n until_o the_o time_n of_o k._n william_n the_o first_o who_o be_v of_o the_o norman_a stock_n and_o nation_n so_o that_o author_n who_o will_v have_v this_o tribute_n to_o derive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o dane_n as_o if_o the_o navy_n have_v be_v maintain_v thereby_o chief_o to_o drive_v they_o from_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n but_o questionless_a the_o first_o reason_n of_o the_o name_n be_v to_o be_v receive_v as_o it_o have_v be_v allege_v out_o of_o the_o passage_n above_o mention_v though_o afterward_o there_o be_v a_o subsidy_n raise_v and_o tribute_n pay_v for_o the_o like_a fleet_n consist_v of_o such_o as_o be_v not_o danes_n or_o of_o english_a for_o the_o repel_v of_o the_o dane_n themselves_o which_o be_v not_o improper_o call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n touch_v the_o payment_n hereof_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n i_o shall_v add_v more_o 15._o by_o and_o by_o but_o as_o concern_v what_o he_o say_v here_o that_o two_o shilling_n silver_n upon_o every_o hide_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v pay_v yearly_o for_o the_o raise_n of_o this_o tribute_n the_o same_o be_v affirm_v also_o by_o other_o ancient_a autor_n as_o 482._o roger_n hoveden_n and_o initiis_fw-la matthew_n paris_n so_o that_o these_o man_n make_v the_o payment_n double_a to_o that_o which_o be_v before_o allege_v out_o of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a the_o yearly_a payment_n of_o this_o tribute_n be_v value_v also_o by_o matthew_n of_o westminster_n &_o matthew_n paris_n at_o thirty_o eight_o thousand_o pound_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o particular_n already_o cite_v which_o true_o be_v write_v by_o they_o with_o very_o little_a discretion_n nor_o have_v they_o deal_v any_o better_a who_o set_v down_o that_o payment_n at_o the_o rate_n of_o thirty_o thousand_o pound_n as_o the_o author_n of_o the_o chronicle_n call_v ibid._n chronicum_fw-la melrosense_n for_o at_o what_o rate_n soëver_o that_o tribute_n be_v pay_v to_o the_o king_n according_a to_o the_o alteration_n of_o time_n it_o appear_v for_o certain_a that_o the_o stipend_n usual_o allow_v to_o the_o danish_a fleet_n be_v so_o uncertain_a that_o they_o be_v set_v sometime_o high_o sometime_o lower_v as_o we_o must_v suppose_v it_o can_v not_o otherwise_o happen_v according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o ship_n and_o force_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o which_o also_o there_o be_v example_n among_o historian_n florentius_n in_o the_o year_n mxiv_o say_v k._n ethelred_n give_v command_v that_o the_o tribute_n amount_v to_o thirty_o thousand_o 〈◊〉_d shall_v be_v levy_v for_o the_o fleet_n which_o lie_v at_o greenwich_n so_o also_o hoveden_n but_o the_o cottonianâ_fw-la english-saxon_a chronicle_n
charge_n which_o indeed_o be_v a_o thing_n we_o hear_v not_o of_o in_o late_a time_n but_o that_o so_o it_o be_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o and_z edward_z the_o first_o the_o record_n etc._n of_o those_o time_n do_v testify_v but_o afterward_o the_o universal_a custody_n of_o the_o sea_n except_v only_o what_o be_v extraordinary_a be_v commit_v by_o our_o king_n to_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n and_o to_o they_o alone_o or_o their_o deputy_n and_o appertain_v unto_o they_o now_o by_o a_o unquestionable_a right_n but_o when_o any_o person_n be_v entrust_v with_o that_o guardianship_n or_o custody_n the_o possession_n and_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n who_o intrust's_n or_o give_v we_o he_o the_o authority_n be_v comprehend_v in_o that_o government_n or_o command_n which_o also_o be_v confirm_v by_o word_n most_o express_a and_o home_n to_o the_o business_n in_o hand_n that_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o a_o libel_n or_o bill_n of_o complaint_n xxviii_o hereafter_o mention_v which_o be_v exhibit_v by_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n to_o the_o commissioner_n of_o our_o edward_n the_o first_o and_z philip_z the_o fair_a king_n of_o france_n the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n assert_v from_o those_o tribute_n or_o custom_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v impose_v pay_v and_o demand_v for_o the_o guard_n or_o protection_n thereof_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n chap._n xv._o concern_v the_o tribute_n or_o custom_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v impose_v pay_v and_o demand_v for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n there_o be_v very_o ample_a ancient_a testimony_n all_o along_o since_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o norman_n and_o those_o thing_n which_o have_v be_v already_o mention_v touch_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v not_o a_o little_a confirm_v it_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o tribute_n impose_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v call_v danegeld_v of_o who_o original_a and_o use_v we_o have_v 11._o already_o speak_v be_v wont_v now_o and_o then_o to_o be_v pay_v heretofore_o under_o the_o norman_a king_n after_o the_o word_n there_o cite_v out_o of_o the_o ancient_a dialogue_n touch_v the_o exchequer_n about_o the_o payment_n thereof_o before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n it_o immediate_o follow_v we_o thus_o in_o the_o same_o dialogue_n in_o his_o reign_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o â—â—igâ—_n of_o william_n the_o first_o the_o dane_n as_o well_o as_o other_o robbert_n of_o land_n and_o sea_n restrain_v the_o invasion_n of_o enemy_n know_v this_o to_o be_v true_a which_o be_v write_v when_o a_o strong_a man_n arm_v keep_v his_o his_o house_n he_o possess_v his_o good_n in_o peace_n for_o they_o be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o resolute_a and_o valiant_a man_n will_v not_o let_v injury_n pass_v unrevenged_a therefore_o whereas_o the_o laâ—d_n have_v pay_v it_o along_o time_n in_o the_o same_o king_n reign_n they_o be_v unwilling_a to_o pay_v that_o every_o year_n which_o have_v be_v exact_v upon_o urgent_a necessity_n in_o time_n of_o war_n but_o yet_o they_o will_v not_o have_v it_o whole_o cashier_v because_o of_o sudden_a occasion_n therefore_o it_o be_v seldom_o pay_v in_o his_o reign_n or_o the_o reign_n of_o his_o successor_n that_o be_v only_o then_o when_o they_o either_o have_v or_o suspect_v a_o war_n with_o foreiner_n and_o among_o the_o 128._o old_a law_n of_o england_n we_o find_v that_o william_n rufus_n require_v aid_n of_o the_o baron_n for_o the_o regain_n of_o normandy_n out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o brother_n robert_n surname_v cortehole_n who_o be_v upon_o a_o voyage_n to_o the_o holy_a land_n danegeld_n be_v grant_v to_o he_o not_o establish_v nor_o confirm_v by_o a_o law_n that_o be_v to_o say_v four_o shilling_n upon_o every_o hide_n of_o land_n which_o be_v pay_v for_o defend_v the_o dominion_n by_o sea_n for_o that_o be_v the_o intent_n and_o end_n of_o danegeld_n according_a to_o its_o nature_n and_o original_n moreover_o francofurt_n roger_n hoveden_n say_v express_o that_o it_o be_v usual_o pay_v until_o the_o time_n of_o king_n stephen_n he_o speak_v of_o the_o promise_n which_o he_o make_v at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o coronation_n say_v three_o he_o promise_v that_o he_o will_v remit_v danegeld_v for_o ever_o that_o be_v two_o shilling_n upon_o a_o hide_n which_o his_o predecessor_n be_v go_v to_o take_v every_o year_n the_o same_o also_o be_v affirm_v by_o matthew_n paris_n and_o cottonianâ_fw-la roger_n of_o wendover_n out_o of_o who_o the_o chronicle_n set_v forth_o by_o matthew_n until_o the_o nineteenth_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o or_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n mccxxxv_o be_v whole_o take_v they_o say_v of_o king_n stephen_n tertiò_fw-la vovit_fw-la quòd_fw-la danegeld_n id_fw-la est_fw-la &_o qualibet_fw-la ydâ_fw-la terrae_fw-la dvos_fw-la solidos_fw-la quos_fw-la antecessores_fw-la ejus_fw-la consueverant_fw-la accipere_fw-la in_o aeternum_fw-la annis_fw-la singulis_fw-la condonaret_fw-la so_o indeed_o we_o read_v it_o in_o the_o cottoniana_n manuscript_n book_n of_o this_o matthew_n whereby_o the_o print_a one_o be_v to_o be_v amend_v who_o render_v it_o only_o thus_o tertiò_fw-la vovit_fw-la quòd_fw-la antecessores_fw-la ejus_fw-la accipere_fw-la consueverant_fw-la in_fw-la aeternum_fw-la annis_fw-la singulis_fw-la condonaret_fw-la but_o this_o also_o be_v add_v by_o hoveden_n these_o especial_o and_o divers_a other_o thing_n he_o promise_v before_o god_n but_o keep_v none_o of_o they_o as_o we_o be_v tell_v likewise_o by_o paris_n and_o wendover_n so_o that_o this_o tribute_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v pay_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o william_n the_o first_o and_o the_o second_o henry_n the_o first_o and_o king_n stephen_n also_o for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o account_n of_o the_o exchequer_n that_o it_o be_v pay_v sometime_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o after_o that_o it_o grow_v out_o of_o date_n another_o course_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v take_v very_o frequent_o and_o use_v as_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o land_n that_o pay_v and_o provision_n may_v not_o be_v whole_o want_v to_o maintain_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n mention_n be_v make_v touch_v this_o particular_a in_o the_o court-roll_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o scaccarii_fw-la terrarum_fw-la ad_fw-la custodiâ—â—_n maris_fw-la agistatarum_fw-la that_o be_v of_o such_o land_n as_o be_v charge_v with_o a_o payment_n or_o tribute_n for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n we_o know_v indeed_o also_o that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n collect_v at_o that_o time_n under_o pretence_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o pay_n and_o maintenance_n of_o land-force_n near_o the_o shore_n but_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v guard_v then_o with_o naval-force_n as_o well_o as_o the_o shore_n by_o land-force_n and_o so_o that_o that_o paiment_n belong_v either_o to_o the_o sea_n itself_o or_o else_o to_o the_o shore_n as_o well_o as_o the_o sea_n moreover_o subsidy_n have_v be_v demand_v of_o the_o people_n in_o parliament_n pour_v 6._o la_fw-fr salvation_n du_fw-fr royalme_n &_o the_o euâ—_n mesines_n &_o auxint_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mere_a de_fw-fr la_fw-fr march_n dâ—_n escoce_n de_fw-fr gascoign_n &_o des_fw-fr isles_n that_o be_v for_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o sea_n belong_v thereunto_o the_o scotish_n border_n gasooign_n and_o the_o isle_n thus_o the_o sea_n and_o its_o defence_n and_o dominion_n be_v reckon_v in_o a_o equal_a right_n and_o condition_n with_o that_o of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o border_n and_o the_o isle_n several_a other_o instance_n there_o be_v of_o that_o kind_n but_o that_o especial_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o this_o place_n which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o parlamentarie_a record_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o concern_v a_o tribute_n or_o custom_n that_o be_v impose_v upon_o every_o ship_n that_o pass_v through_o the_o northern_a admiralty_n that_o be_v in_o the_o sea_n which_o stretch_v itself_o from_o the_o thames_n mouth_n along_o the_o eastern_a shore_n of_o england_n towards_o the_o north-east_n for_o the_o pay_n and_o maintenance_n of_o the_o guard_n or_o protection_n of_o the_o sea_n nor_o be_v it_o impose_v only_o upon_o the_o ship_n of_o such_o merchant_n and_o fisherman_n as_o be_v english_a but_o also_o by_o the_o same_o right_n in_o a_o manner_n upon_o those_o of_o any_o foreiner_n whatsoëver_o no_o otherwise_o than_o if_o a_o man_n that_o be_v owner_n of_o a_o field_n shall_v impose_v a_o yearly_a revenue_n or_o rend_v for_o the_o liberty_n of_o thoroughfare_a or_o drive_v of_o cattle_n or_o cart_n through_o his_o field_n paiment_n be_v make_v at_o the_o rate_n of_o six_o penny_n a_o tun_n upon_o every_o vessel_n that_o pass_v by_o except_o such_o ship_n only_o as_o
the_o coast_n of_o france_n for_o although_o aquitain_n indeed_o be_v first_o add_v to_o the_o name_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n in_o that_o commission_n while_o the_o english_a possess_v the_o duchy_n of_o aquitain_n nevertheless_o it_o not_o only_o so_o remain_v likewise_o in_o that_o form_n of_o commission_n constant_o even_o after_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o english_a until_o our_o time_n but_o normandy_n also_o which_o have_v never_o be_v name_v before_o in_o the_o commission_n of_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n be_v add_v and_o this_o some_o age_n after_o that_o the_o english_a be_v whole_o deprive_v of_o the_o duchy_n itself_o so_o that_o either_o these_o name_n do_v serve_v in_o stead_n of_o a_o limit_v to_o the_o sea_n under_o his_o protection_n or_o else_o we_o must_v perforce_o admit_v contrary_a to_o reason_n that_o they_o signify_v nothing_o in_o the_o commission_n for_o so_o many_o year_n for_o we_o see_v that_o those_o name_n of_o opposite_a shore_n be_v retain_v in_o the_o admiral_n be_v commission_n even_o from_o the_o end_n of_o queen_n mary_n reign_n until_o our_o time_n or_o for_o the_o space_n of_o 77_o year_n though_o the_o english_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_v not_o possess_v of_o the_o least_o part_n of_o france_n as_o also_o that_o normandy_n be_v add_v many_o year_n before_o but_o yet_o long_o after_o the_o english_a be_v out_v of_o its_o possession_n nor_o ought_v any_o man_n fond_o to_o imagine_v that_o these_o name_n be_v insert_v because_o of_o that_o right_a the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n for_o indeed_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v by_o a_o ancient_a right_n usual_o entitle_v themselves_o king_n of_o france_n also_o the_o dutchy_n of_o aquitain_n and_o normandy_n and_o the_o other_o province_n of_o france_n mention_v in_o this_o commission_n be_v comprehend_v in_o that_o name_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o lesser_a in_o the_o great_a but_o if_o that_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n certain_o the_o name_n of_o france_n shall_v have_v be_v ascribe_v to_o our_o admiral_n yea_o and_o other_o officer_n of_o that_o kingdom_n have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n after_o he_o be_v drive_v thence_o of_o which_o thing_n there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o evidence_n indeed_o any_o where_n exstant_fw-la and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v as_o soon_o as_o ever_o a_o alteration_n be_v make_v in_o the_o draught_n of_o the_o commission_n from_o that_o denomination_n of_o the_o command_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o fleet_n and_o coast_n over_o which_o they_o have_v command_v unto_o that_o which_o be_v make_v up_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o province_n that_o then_o a_o addition_n be_v make_v of_o aquitain_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o limit_n or_o bind_v as_o well_o on_o this_o as_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v point_v out_o by_o the_o shore_n the_o name_n of_o normandy_n be_v add_v afterward_o and_o retain_v still_o together_o with_o calais_n and_o the_o march_n thereof_o and_o aquitain_n upon_o the_o same_o account_n but_o while_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v in_o former_a time_n possess_v of_o normandy_n aquitain_n and_o other_o country_n in_o france_n there_o be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o form_n of_o commission_n wherein_o the_o kingdom_n and_o province_n as_o have_v be_v already_o show_v be_v express_o nominate_v any_o other_o admiral_n or_o governor_n of_o the_o maritime_a province_n or_o dominion_n by_o sea_n make_v by_o they_o beside_o those_o to_o who_o care_n the_o fleet_n and_o coast_n be_v commit_v in_o the_o manner_n already_o mention_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o whole_a sea_n flow_v between_o our_o british_a isle_n and_o the_o province_n over_o against_o they_o and_o the_o fleet_n belong_v to_o any_o territory_n whatsoëver_o of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v at_o that_o time_n by_o a_o peculiar_a right_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n in_o the_o sea_n so_o subject_a to_o they_o who_o be_v so_o put_v in_o command_n over_o the_o english_a fleet_n and_o coast_n that_o there_o remain_v neither_o place_n nor_o use_v for_o any_o other_o commander_n of_o that_o kind_n which_o may_v be_v say_v likewise_o of_o those_o time_n wherein_o some_o of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n stand_v possess_v also_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n as_o edward_n the_o three_o and_o the_o two_o henry_n 5_o the_o and_o 6_o the_o nor_o be_v it_o a_o bare_a conjecture_n that_o they_o do_v not_o put_v any_o other_o in_o command_n over_o the_o sea_n and_o fleet_n beside_o those_o to_o who_o by_o right_a only_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n the_o power_n be_v commit_v to_o wit_n according_a to_o that_o right_n which_o comprehend_v the_o whole_a sea_n flow_v between_o but_o it_o be_v sufficient_o prove_v also_o upon_o this_o ground_n that_o we_o have_v the_o ancient_a public_a distincâ—i_fw-la record_n of_o those_o time_n touch_v the_o office_n constitute_v by_o our_o king_n in_o france_n and_o those_o province_n beyond_o sea_n in_o most_o whereof_o i_o find_v not_o the_o least_o sign_n of_o the_o contrary_n and_o if_o it_o be_v demand_v here_o wherefore_o it_o be_v that_o the_o shore_n of_o bretaign_n be_v omit_v which_o in_o like_a manner_n lie_v over_o against_o our_o isle_n of_o britain_n and_o together_o with_o the_o shore_n of_o picardy_n normandy_n and_o aquitain_n sufficient_o take_v up_o that_o whole_a tract_n which_o stretch_v itself_o in_o the_o realm_n of_o france_n before_o the_o english_a and_o irish_a sea_n certain_o if_o the_o aforementioned_a reason_n take_v place_n there_o be_v little_a cause_n to_o doubt_v that_o it_o happen_v thence_o because_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v not_o at_o any_o time_n so_o possess_v of_o bretaign_a that_o be_v out_v of_o it_o he_o need_v to_o be_v very_o solicitous_a touch_v the_o bound_n of_o the_o sea-territorie_n adjoin_v distinct_a lord_n of_o territory_n confine_v on_o each_o other_o as_o be_v the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o duke_n of_o bretaign_n heretofore_o for_o bretaign_v have_v king_n and_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o before_o charles_n the_o eight_o under_o who_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1491._o it_o be_v unite_v to_o the_o realm_n of_o france_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n keep_v their_o bound_n so_o distinct_a that_o they_o may_v be_v the_o more_o evident_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o all_o but_o when_o of_o such_o kind_n of_o territory_n there_o be_v but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o lord_n as_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v while_o he_o possess_v either_o normandy_n or_o aquitain_n or_o any_o other_o maritime_a province_n in_o france_n together_o with_o england_n he_o be_v out_v of_o either_o aught_o above_o all_o thing_n to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o past_a confusion_n of_o possession_n be_v not_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o future_a distinction_n of_o bound_n for_o fear_v then_o lest_o it_o may_v have_v be_v pretend_v that_o even_o the_o sea_n adjoin_v or_o confine_v with_o those_o maritime_a province_n which_o be_v a_o long_a time_n heretofore_o possess_v by_o the_o english_a and_o afterward_o take_v away_o be_v take_v away_o together_o with_o the_o province_n whenas_o perhaps_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o past_a confusion_n of_o possession_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o lord_n all_o man_n may_v not_o be_v sufficient_o instruct_v touch_v the_o bound_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n place_v as_o we_o have_v say_v upon_o the_o shore_n over_o against_o we_o therefore_o for_o the_o set_n forth_o of_o those_o bound_n the_o name_n first_o of_o aquitain_n after_o its_o be_v lose_v be_v retain_v in_o the_o admiral_n be_v commission_n and_o then_o that_o also_o of_o normandy_n be_v add_v and_o afterward_o both_o of_o they_o with_o the_o name_n of_o calais_n and_o the_o march_n in_o stead_n of_o the_o shore_n of_o picardy_n be_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n continue_v down_o to_o our_o time_n which_o reason_n true_o can_v not_o concern_v bretaign_a at_o all_o nor_o flanders_n likewise_o nor_o any_o other_o shore_n lie_v eastward_o over_o against_o we_o all_o which_o nevertheless_o do_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n bind_v the_o sea-territorie_n of_o england_n moreover_o those_o thing_n that_o have_v be_v hitherto_o observe_v shall_v be_v confirm_v by_o what_o we_o shall_v add_v next_o touch_v the_o office_n of_o admiral_n among_o the_o french_a touch_v the_o admiral_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n or_o those_o constitute_v upon_o the_o opposite_a shore_n their_o original_a nature_n and_o variety_n that_o the_o sea_n itself_o flow_v between_o britain_n and_o france_n be_v not_o contain_v in_o that_o command_n of_o he_o as_o of_o one_o that_o be_v governor_n of_o a_o territory_n or_o province_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n in_o it_o that_o may_v
those_o island_n that_o lie_v before_o the_o shore_n of_o france_n for_o it_o be_v general_o know_v that_o after_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n the_o three_o be_v drive_v out_o of_o normandy_n itself_o that_o the_o isle_n caesaria_n and_o sarnia_n which_o we_o call_v jersey_n and_o garnesey_n aureney_n and_o some_o other_o neighbour_a isle_n lie_v near_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n and_o bretaign_n yea_o and_o situate_v within_o that_o creek_n of_o sea_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o shore_n of_o bretaign_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o that_o of_o normandy_n on_o the_o other_o have_v in_o the_o follow_a age_n 5._o both_o now_o and_o heretofore_o remain_v in_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n but_o by_o the_o sentence_n pass_v against_o k._n john_n as_o duke_n of_o normandy_n for_o the_o murder_n of_o his_o nephew_n arthur_n the_o french_a will_v have_v he_o deprive_v of_o all_o the_o right_o he_o have_v to_o normandy_n and_o afterward_o 1_o henry_n the_o three_o resign_v his_o right_n to_o normandy_n but_o suppose_v we_o grant_v what_o be_v common_o receive_v that_o these_o island_n be_v of_o the_o norman_a jurisdiction_n or_o belong_v to_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n yet_o true_o even_o so_o they_o neither_o can_v be_v take_v away_o by_o the_o sentence_n nor_o do_v they_o fall_v to_o the_o french_a by_o resignation_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o of_o the_o island_n place_v therein_o be_v still_o retain_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n almost_o as_o many_o priory_n be_v in_o england_n itself_o who_o though_o they_o be_v belong_v to_o the_o norman_a government_n in_o church-matter_n yet_o even_o as_o they_o be_v of_o the_o government_n of_o normandy_n they_o ever_o remain_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n as_o long_o as_o the_o privilege_n of_o monastery_n be_v in_o force_n among_o the_o english_a as_o be_v situate_a within_o the_o undoubted_a bound_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n nor_o be_v it_o easy_o understand_v wherefore_o the_o island_n can_v have_v be_v so_o retain_v unless_o they_o also_o have_v be_v seat_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n in_o the_o sea_n but_o the_o thing_n chief_o to_o be_v consider_v here_o be_v that_o very_o many_o foreign_a nation_n as_o well_o as_o the_o estate_n of_o england_n do_v in_o a_o libel_n or_o bill_n of_o complaint_n public_o exhibit_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o and_o king_n philip_n the_o fair_a before_o a_o court_n of_o delegate_n special_o in_o that_o behalf_n by_o they_o appoint_v in_o express_a term_n acknowledge_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v ever_o be_v lord_n not_o only_o of_o this_o sea_n but_o also_o of_o the_o island_n place_v therein_o par_fw-fr raison_fw-fr du_fw-fr roialme_n d'_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n or_o as_o they_o be_v king_n of_o england_n which_o true_o be_v all_o one_o as_o in_o most_o express_a term_n to_o ascribe_v this_o whole_a sea_n unto_o they_o as_o far_o as_o the_o shore_n or_o port_n lie_v over_o against_o we_o but_o concern_v that_o libel_n i_o shall_v add_v more_o by_o and_o by_o nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v omit_v that_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o shore_n large_a than_o that_o of_o picardy_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n happen_v first_o at_o that_o time_n wherein_o those_o isle_n be_v so_o retain_v by_o the_o english_a after_o they_o be_v out_v of_o normandy_n for_o before_o the_o shore_n of_o aquitain_n bretaign_n and_o normandy_n be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o other_o prince_n that_o of_o aquitain_n and_o normandy_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o english_a and_o that_o of_o bretaign_n by_o the_o duke_n or_o earl_n of_o that_o country_n so_o that_o the_o french_a king_n have_v neither_o any_o shore_n almost_o nor_o any_o considerable_a use_n of_o sea-affair_n at_o that_o time_n by_o which_o mean_v also_o the_o english_a do_v with_o the_o more_o ease_n retain_v the_o aforesaid_a ancient_a possession_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o isle_n after_o they_o be_v deprive_v of_o the_o norman_a duchy_n and_o this_o sufficient_o appear_v also_o by_o that_o sea-fight_n perform_v between_o the_o french_a fleet_n command_v by_o eustachius_n the_o monk_n in_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n augustus_n king_n of_o france_n and_o the_o english_a fleet_n under_o the_o command_n of_o philip_n de_fw-fr albenie_fw-fr governor_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a island_n and_o john_n marshal_n who_o both_o careful_o guard_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o french_a fleet_n of_o about_o 80_o sail_n be_v design_v to_o transport_v auxiliarie_n force_n out_o of_o france_n for_o lewis_n afterward_o the_o eight_o of_o that_o name_n that_o be_v king_n of_o france_n who_o through_o the_o treason_n of_o some_o conspirator_n make_v war_n upon_o the_o english_a king_n in_o england_n this_o of_o the_o french_a be_v assail_v by_o a_o english_a fleet_n of_o 40_o sail._n but_o cottonianâ_fw-la roger_n of_o wendover_n and_o matthew_n paris_n tell_v we_o that_o part_n of_o the_o french_a who_o have_v not_o be_v use_v to_o sea-fight_n be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n whole_o defeat_v observe_v here_o they_o say_v that_o hitherto_o the_o french_a be_v not_o accustom_v to_o fight_v by_o sea_n but_o of_o the_o english_a they_o say_v the_o english_a be_v warlike_a and_o skilled_a in_o sea-fight_n gall_v they_o with_o dart_n and_o arrow_n run_v they_o through_o with_o their_o lance_n do_v execution_n with_o their_o sword_n sink_v their_o ship_n and_o they_o with_o lime_n which_o they_o do_v by_o throw_v the_o powder_n of_o lime_n into_o the_o aër_fw-la so_o it_o may_v be_v drive_v by_o the_o wind_n into_o the_o french-men_n eye_n they_o be_v deprive_v also_o of_o all_o hope_n of_o relief_n and_o succour_n and_o know_v not_o which_o way_n to_o sly_a the_o english_a at_o that_o time_n time_n be_v expert_a in_o sea-fight_n do_v by_o this_o mean_n make_v good_a the_o possession_n of_o their_o sea_n and_o the_o isle_n also_o that_o be_v situate_a therein_o for_o even_o this_o fight_n relate_n to_o the_o second_o year_n of_o henry_n â—ondin_fw-fr the_o three_o or_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n mccxviii_o that_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n almost_o when_o the_o english_a be_v first_o deprive_v of_o normandy_n but_o as_o to_o that_o which_o be_v common_o say_v that_o these_o island_n first_o belong_v to_o the_o english_a norman_a privilegiis_fw-la right_a or_o by_o the_o right_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n it_o be_v as_o easy_o deny_v as_o affirm_v by_o any_o nor_o be_v there_o any_o weight_n in_o this_o reason_n that_o because_o those_o island_n have_v and_o ever_o have_v certain_a custom_n like_o the_o norman_a therefore_o they_o do_v belong_v to_o normandy_n for_o the_o norman_a custom_n be_v often_o use_v in_o england_n as_o the_o roman_a be_v sometime_o by_o other_o nation_n yet_o every_o man_n know_v this_o can_v be_v no_o ground_n for_o such_o a_o argument_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o more_o to_o the_o purpose_n that_o those_o island_n be_v within_o the_o diocese_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o constances_n in_o normandy_n until_o that_o in_o our_o grand-father_n day_n they_o become_v subject_a to_o the_o bishop_n of_o dorso_fw-la winchester_n their_o ecclesiastic_a government_n be_v a_o long_a time_n derive_v out_o of_o normandy_n with_o more_o convenience_n indeed_o because_o of_o the_o nearness_n of_o the_o place_n which_o begin_v as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v suppose_v in_o those_o day_n when_o the_o english_a possess_v the_o shore_n on_o both_o side_n but_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v thence_o that_o those_o island_n belong_v to_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n any_o more_o than_o that_o the_o many_o priory_n heretofore_o in_o england_n who_o be_v of_o foreign_a jurisdiction_n in_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n do_v therefore_o belong_v to_o the_o dominion_n of_o foreign_a prince_n and_o not_o to_o that_o of_o the_o english_a king_n as_o king_n of_o england_n that_o be_v every_o jot_n as_o weak_a also_o which_o they_o use_v to_o allege_v about_o the_o norman_a language_n be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o island_n the_o people_n of_o cornwâ—l_n in_o england_n have_v always_o use_v the_o welsh_a tongue_n at_o least_o with_o a_o little_a alteration_n in_o the_o dialect_n as_o the_o bretaigns_n do_v also_o in_o france_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n use_v the_o irish_a tongue_n yet_o no_o man_n will_v conclude_v thence_o either_o that_o this_o paie_n obedience_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o lord_n or_o king_n of_o ireland_n or_o that_o the_o other_o be_v subject_a to_o their_o prince_n by_o any_o right_n of_o the_o welsh_a principality_n we_o know_v indeed_o that_o
worthy_a of_o observation_n that_o this_o kind_n of_o letter_n be_v usual_o superscribe_v and_o direct_v by_o our_o king_n to_o their_o governor_n of_o the_o sea_n admiral_n vice-admirals_n sea-captain_n to_o wit_n the_o commander_n appoint_v by_o the_o king_n to_o take_v care_n of_o his_o territory_n by_o sea_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o we_o find_v no_o mention_n at_o all_o of_o any_o such_o commander_n in_o those_o passport_n of_o that_o kind_n which_o be_v grant_v heretofore_o by_o the_o french_a king_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n when_o he_o be_v to_o cross_v over_o into_o france_n letter_n of_o that_o kind_n be_v give_v to_o our_o edward_n the_o second_o by_o king_n philip_n the_o long_a superscribe_v only_o thus_o dorso_fw-la phelip_n par_fw-fr la_fw-fr grace_n de_fw-fr dieu_fw-fr roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr france_n a_o touz_v noz_n justicier_n &_o subgy_n salut_v philip_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o france_n to_o our_o judge_n and_o subject_n greeting_n but_o the_o reason_n be_v evident_a why_o the_o k._n of_o england_n be_v wont_a to_o direct_v his_o letter_n to_o his_o commander_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o french_a king_n at_o that_o time_n only_o to_o his_o judge_n and_o subject_n in_o general_a to_o wit_n because_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v his_o sea-commander_n throughout_o this_o whole_a sea_n as_o lord_n of_o the_o same_o and_o therefore_o when_o he_o cross_v over_o it_o be_v not_o reasonable_a that_o the_o french_a k._n shall_v secure_v he_o by_o sea_n it_o be_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o english_a territory_n and_o yet_o the_o king_n of_o france_n may_v perhaps_o have_v a_o admiral_n at_o that_o time_n but_o only_o upon_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n and_o picardy_n for_o that_o of_o aquitain_n bretaign_n and_o narbonne_n be_v not_o as_o yet_o add_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o that_o crown_n and_o it_o be_v about_o that_o time_n or_o a_o little_a before_o that_o they_o be_v place_v who_o be_v first_o rank_v in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n but_o of_o late_a time_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o in_o those_o passport_n or_o letter_n of_o safe_a conduct_n which_o have_v be_v grant_v even_o by_o the_o sauf-conduit_n french_a king_n and_o other_o prince_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n admiral_n be_v usual_o name_v in_o express_a term_n among_o the_o other_o kind_n of_o royal_a officer_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o to_o who_o the_o passport_n be_v grant_v may_v be_v secure_v in_o every_o place_n and_o part_n of_o their_o dominion_n but_o as_o touch_v the_o english_a command_n over_o such_o as_o pass_v or_o sail_v through_o their_o sea_n there_o be_v many_o other_o argument_n take_v as_o we_o shall_v show_v by_o and_o by_o from_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o king_n be_v prescribe_v limit_n to_o such_o as_o sail_v in_o this_o sea_n as_o also_o from_o those_o passage_n which_o we_o have_v book_n already_o cite_v out_o of_o record_n concern_v the_o tribute_n or_o custom_n impose_v by_o the_o english_a upon_o such_o as_o pass_v through_o the_o sea_n and_o true_o it_o be_v very_o considerable_a also_o that_o the_o king_n both_o of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n together_o with_o the_o hans-town_n very_o often_o and_o earnest_o beg_v of_o queen_n elisabeth_n that_o they_o may_v have_v free_a passage_n through_o the_o english_a sea_n with_o provision_n towards_o spain_n during_o the_o war_n betwixt_o she_o and_o the_o spaniard_n i_o know_v indeed_o that_o such_o a_o licence_n be_v deny_v they_o not_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o chief_o to_o prevent_v the_o convey_n of_o provision_n to_o the_o enemy_n for_o which_o cause_n also_o divers_a ship_n belong_v to_o the_o hans-town_n lade_v with_o corn_n be_v edita_fw-la take_v by_o english_a man_n of_o war_n in_o the_o very_a strait_n of_o lisbon_n without_o the_o sea-territorie_n of_o england_n which_o go_v by_o the_o 95._o scotish_n sea_n and_o the_o west_n towards_o portugal_n which_o be_v do_v doubtless_o that_o they_o may_v not_o presume_v to_o use_v the_o english_a sea_n without_o the_o leave_v of_o the_o queen_n but_o the_o hans-town_n cry_v out_o thereupon_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n commerce_n and_o league_n be_v violate_v because_o their_o ship_n be_v so_o take_v by_o the_o english_a only_o upon_o this_o account_n that_o they_o carry_v provision_n to_o the_o enemy_n that_o be_v in_o a_o territory_n where_o the_o english_a do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o pretend_v to_o any_o dominion_n and_o concern_v this_o particular_a there_o be_v a_o notable_a question_n controvert_v by_o very_o 5._o learned_a man_n how_o far_o they_o that_o be_v not_o enemy_n or_o will_v not_o be_v call_v enemy_n may_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n afford_v supply_n unto_o a_o enemy_n but_o some_o year_n before_o the_o take_n of_o these_o ship_n when_o the_o hamburger_n who_o in_o the_o name_n also_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o hans-town_n desire_v leave_v to_o pass_v through_o this_o sea_n to_o portugal_n and_o spain_n be_v more_o than_o once_o deny_v any_o kind_n of_o liberty_n to_o transport_v either_o corn_n or_o warlike_a necessary_n they_o do_v not_o at_o all_o suggest_v that_o their_o petition_n at_o that_o time_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n or_o commerce_n nor_o that_o the_o queen_n denial_n be_v contrary_a to_o this_o kind_n of_o law_n that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o be_v by_o her_o first_o 1589._o answer_n enjoin_v to_o abstain_v from_o transport_v arm_n with_o other_o warlike_a necessary_n and_o corn_n but_o say_v the_o queen_n in_o transport_v other_o commodity_n we_o shall_v not_o hinder_v you_o at_o all_o but_o shall_v with_o all_o favour_n permit_v the_o ship_n of_o your_o subject_n to_o abide_v and_o pass_v after_o the_o accustom_a manner_n that_o they_o may_v perform_v their_o voyage_n this_o answer_n they_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o take_v amiss_o but_o two_o year_n after_o they_o send_v into_o england_n sebastian_n à _fw-fr berghen_n their_o ambassador_n with_o petitionary_a letter_n desire_v that_o the_o exception_n in_o the_o licence_n former_o grant_v may_v be_v take_v away_o and_o a_o freedom_n to_o transport_v all_o kind_n of_o merchandise_n permit_v their_o petition_n be_v deny_v again_o and_o this_o moreover_o add_v that_o such_o as_o shall_v presume_v to_o do_v the_o contrary_a shall_v for_o their_o bold_a presumption_n suffer_v the_o loss_n of_o all_o their_o good_n and_o merchandise_n so_o carry_v against_o her_o majesty_n be_v will_v and_o pleasure_n if_o they_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o her_o man_n of_o war_n or_o any_o other_o of_o her_o majesty_n be_v subject_n thus_o they_o ever_o address_v themselves_o by_o petition_n and_o the_o queen_n give_v answer_n according_a to_o her_o pleasure_n they_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o pretend_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n or_o of_o commerce_n before_o that_o they_o understand_v their_o ship_n be_v seize_v in_o another_o sea_n to_o wit_n that_o of_o portugal_n which_o they_o conceive_v free_a for_o themselves_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o commerce_n without_o leave_v from_o the_o queen_n of_o england_n then_o it_o be_v they_o begin_v to_o plead_v that_o liberty_n ought_v not_o by_o any_o law_n to_o be_v deny_v even_o these_o man_n who_o but_o some_o year_n before_o have_v humble_o petition_v the_o queen_n of_o england_n more_o than_o once_o for_o free_a passage_n through_o the_o english_a sea_n so_o that_o that_o principal_a point_n as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n that_o relief_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v convey_v to_o enemy_n by_o a_o friend_n be_v not_o only_o the_o ground_n either_o of_o the_o hans-town's_a petition_n or_o the_o queen_n denial_n but_o her_o right_a of_o dominion_n by_o sea_n be_v concern_v also_o which_o the_o hans-town_n well_o know_v they_o shall_v violate_v if_o they_o shall_v pass_v the_o queen_n sea_n without_o she_o leave_v hereunto_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n those_o particular_n relate_v which_o we_o find_v concern_v this_o matter_n in_o those_o point_n that_o be_v to_o be_v insist_v on_o in_o the_o year_n mdxcvii_o by_o witfeldius_n and_o bernicovius_n ambassador_n from_o christiern_n the_o four_o king_n of_o denmark_n to_o the_o queen_n of_o england_n library_n we_o be_v say_v they_o strict_o enjoin_v by_o our_o king_n to_o mediate_v with_o her_o majesty_n that_o our_o country_n man_n may_v be_v permit_v a_o freedom_n to_o transport_v corn_n or_o provision_n towards_o spain_n even_o as_o we_o have_v do_v former_o and_o do_v now_o again_o with_o all_o earnestness_n desire_n especial_o since_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o same_o licence_n of_o transport_v corn_n be_v grant_v sometime_o both_o to_o english_a and_o dutch_a that_o our_o countryman_n may_v not_o be_v use_v in_o a_o worse_a manner_n than_o your_o own_o
what_o a_o extraordinary_a plentiful_a and_o gainful_a herring-fishing_a the_o hollander_n and_o zelander_n use_v to_o have_v in_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n have_v first_o obtain_v leave_v from_o this_o castle_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a custom_n for_o the_o english_a have_v ever_o grant_v they_o leave_v to_o fish_n reserve_v always_o the_o honour_n and_o privilege_n to_o themselves_o but_o through_o a_o kind_n of_o negligence_n resign_v the_o profit_n to_o stranger_n for_o it_o be_v almost_o incredible_a what_o a_o vast_a sum_n of_o mâ—nie_n the_o hollander_n make_v by_o this_o fish_n upon_o our_o coast._n so_o he_o there_o be_v another_o man_n also_o of_o very_o great_a skill_n and_o knowledge_n in_o sea-affair_n who_o in_o the_o time_n of_o q._n elisabeth_n present_v a_o book_n to_o the_o parliament_n write_v in_o the_o english_a tongue_n about_o the_o commodity_n of_o fish_v wherein_o he_o write_v that_o the_o hollander_n and_o zelander_n every_o year_n towards_o the_o late_a end_n of_o summer_n send_v forth_o four_o or_o five_o hundred_o vessel_n call_v buff_n to_o fish_v for_o herring_n in_o this_o eastern_a sea_n 1580._o where_o before_o they_o fish_v they_o ask_v leave_v of_o scarborough_n which_o be_v his_o very_a word_n care_n be_v take_v also_o by_o proclamation_n in_o the_o time_n of_o 6._o k._n james_n that_o no_o foreiner_n shall_v fish_v in_o the_o english_a or_o irish_a sea_n or_o that_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o other_o isle_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n without_o leave_v first_o obtain_v and_o every_o year_n at_o least_o reneâ—ed_a from_o the_o commissioner_n appoint_v for_o this_o purpose_n at_o london_n and_o touch_v the_o liberty_n of_o fish_v grant_v at_o other_o time_n also_o to_o foreiner_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n there_o be_v many_o testimony_n in_o 35._o other_o writer_n but_o the_o cause_n why_o we_o do_v not_o often_o meet_v with_o the_o form_n of_o those_o licence_n grant_v either_o for_o passage_n or_o fish_n in_o the_o english_a sea_n be_v plain_o this_o because_o by_o the_o league_n that_o be_v make_v with_o the_o neighbour_n prince_n a_o licence_n or_o freedom_n of_o that_o kind_n as_o also_o of_o port_n shore_n passage_n and_o other_o thing_n be_v so_o often_o allow_v by_o both_o party_n that_o as_o long_o as_o the_o league_n be_v in_o force_n the_o sea_n serve_v as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o common_a field_n as_o well_o for_o the_o foreiner_n that_o be_v in_o amity_n as_o for_o the_o king_n of_o england_n himself_o who_o be_v lord_n and_o owner_n but_o yet_o in_o this_o kind_n of_o league_n sometime_o the_o fish_n be_v restrain_v to_o certain_a limit_n which_o be_v a_o thing_n chief_o to_o be_v consider_v the_o limit_n relate_v both_o to_o place_n and_o time_n so_o that_o according_a to_o agreement_n the_o foreiner_n in_o amity_n may_v not_o fish_v beyond_o these_o limit_n the_o k._n of_o england_n retain_v a_o dominion_n over_o the_o whole_a adjoin_v sea_n touch_v this_o there_o be_v a_o notable_a example_n in_o the_o time_n of_o our_o henry_n the_o four_o a_o agreement_n be_v make_v betwixt_o the_o king_n of_o septemb_n england_n and_o france_n that_o the_o subject_n of_o both_o may_v free_o use_v fish_v throughout_o that_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v bound_v on_o this_o side_n by_o the_o port_n of_o scarborough_n &_o southampton_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n by_o the_o coast_n of_o flanders_n and_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n seine_n the_o time_n also_o be_v limit_v betwixt_o autumn_n &_o the_o kalend_n of_o januarie_n follow_v and_o that_o the_o french_a may_v secure_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o agreement_n our_o king_n direct_v letter_n to_o that_o end_n unto_o all_o his_o sea-captain_n and_o commander_n here_o you_o see_v plain_o those_o limit_n whole_o exclude_v the_o french_a from_o that_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o lie_v towards_o the_o west_n and_o south-west_n and_o also_o from_o that_o which_o lie_v north_n east_n of_o they_o as_o be_v so_o limit_v by_o our_o henry_n at_o his_o own_o pleasure_n as_o its_o lord_n and_o sovereign_n nor_o be_v there_o so_o much_o as_o the_o least_o shadow_n of_o right_n or_o prerogative_n whereby_o the_o french_a king_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v any_o interest_n as_o a_o lord_n or_o owner_n in_o the_o set_n of_o these_o limit_n see_v that_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v seclude_v do_v not_o touch_v upon_o any_o shore_n of_o he_o in_o the_o north_n nor_o have_v he_o any_o country_n lie_v before_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o south_n except_o normandy_n or_o in_o the_o west_n the_o rest_n be_v hold_v either_o by_o the_o duke_n of_o bretaign_n or_o by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o we_o have_v already_o observe_v from_o hence_o true_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n for_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o give_v protection_n to_o fisherman_n that_o be_v stranger_n sometime_o by_o proclamation_n and_o sometime_o with_o a_o fleet_n of_o man_n of_o war_n when_o they_o go_v to_o fish_n either_o by_o agreement_n make_v upon_o treaty_n or_o by_o leave_v obtain_v qualification_n be_v add_v according_a to_o the_o english_a king_n pleasure_n there_o be_v among_o the_o record_n of_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o a_o inscription_n pro_fw-la hominibus_fw-la hollandiae_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o the_o man_n of_o holland_n and_o zealand_n and_o friesland_n to_o have_v leave_v to_o fish_v near_o jernemuth_n the_o king_n letter_n for_o their_o 5._o protection_n follow_v we_o thus_o the_o king_n to_o his_o belove_a and_o trusty_n john_n de_fw-fr buteturte_fw-fr warden_n of_o his_o port_n de_fw-fr jernemuth_n greeting_n for_o as_o much_o as_o we_o have_v be_v certify_v that_o many_o man_n out_o of_o the_o part_n of_o holland_n zealand_n and_o friesland_n also_o who_o be_v in_o amity_n with_o we_o intend_v now_o to_o come_v and_o fish_v in_o our_o sea_n near_o jernemuth_n we_o command_v you_o that_o you_o cause_v public_a proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v once_o or_o twice_o every_o week_n that_o no_o person_n whatsoëver_o employ_v abroad_o in_o our_o service_n presume_v to_o cause_v any_o injury_n trouble_n damage_n hindrance_n or_o grievance_n to_o be_v do_v unto_o they_o but_o rather_o when_o they_o stand_v in_o need_n that_o you_o give_v they_o advice_n and_o assistance_n in_o such_o manner_n that_o they_o may_v fish_v and_o pursue_v their_o own_o advantage_n without_o any_o let_v or_o impediment_n in_o testimony_n whereof_o we_o have_v cause_v these_o our_o letter_n to_o be_v make_v patent_n to_o continue_v in_o force_n till_o after_o the_o feast_n of_o st_n martin_n next_o ensue_v witness_v the_o king_n at_o wengham_n the_o xxviii_o day_n of_o september_n which_o be_v in_o the_o xxiii_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o of_o our_o lord_n mccxcv_o the_o same_o day_n also_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o â—arl_n of_o holland_n and_o his_o subject_n he_o set_v forth_o three_o man_n of_o war_n towards_o the_o far_a coast_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o safeguard_n as_o he_o say_v in_o another_o letter_n of_o those_o uessel_n belong_v to_o your_o and_o our_o own_o country_n that_o be_v in_o these_o day_n employ_v about_o the_o herring_n fish_v &c._n &c._n and_o to_o guard_v your_o coast_n near_o the_o sea_n here_o he_o grant_n a_o protection_n to_o fish_n and_o in_o both_o the_o letter_n he_o limit_n it_o within_o the_o space_n of_o two_o month_n he_o alone_o also_o protect_v the_o fisherman_n upon_o the_o geâ—man_a coast_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o nearness_n he_o call_v here_o your_o coast_n near_o the_o sea_n in_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o holland_n as_o well_o as_o upon_o the_o english_a nor_o may_v the_o fisherman_n use_v any_o other_o kind_n of_o vessel_n but_o that_o which_o be_v prescribe_v by_o our_o king_n upon_o which_o account_n all_o kind_n of_o fish_v be_v sometime_o prohibit_v and_o sometime_o admit_v this_o restriction_n only_o be_v add_v that_o they_o shall_v fish_v in_o such_o vessel_n only_o as_o be_v under_o thirty_o tun_n burden_n this_o appear_v by_o those_o letter_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o concern_v the_o law_n of_o fish_v which_o be_v direct_v unto_o his_o several_a governor_n of_o yarmouth_n scarborough_n whitby_n and_o donwich_n town_n seat_v upon_o the_o eastern_a shore_n the_o word_n be_v these_o 35._o forasmuch_o as_o we_o have_v give_v licence_n to_o the_o fisherman_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a town_n and_z to_z other_o who_o shall_v be_v willing_a to_o come_v unto_o the_o say_a town_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o fish_v that_o they_o may_v fish_v and_o make_v their_o own_o advantage_n with_o ship_n and_o boat_n under_o thirty_o tun_n burden_n any_o prohibition_n or_o command_v of_o we_o whatsoever_o to_o the_o contrary_a notwithstanding_o we_o command_v you_o to_o permit_v the_o fisherman_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a
town_n and_z other_o who_o shall_v be_v willing_a to_o come_v to_o the_o say_a town_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o fish_v to_o fish_n and_o make_v their_o own_o advantage_n with_o ship_n anâ—_n boat_n under_o thirty_o tun_n without_o any_o let_v or_o impediment_n any_o prohibition_n or_o command_n of_o we_o make_v to_o the_o contrary_a in_o any_o wise_n notwithstanding_o as_o we_o have_v say_v â—itness_v the_o king_n at_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n august_n x._o which_o be_v in_o the_o 11_o the_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o or_o of_o our_o lord_n mcccxxxix_o but_o if_o any_o heretofore_o undertake_v the_o protection_n of_o the_o fisherman_n in_o this_o sea_n without_o leave_v of_o the_o english_a they_o be_v to_o be_v seize_v and_o imprison_v as_o invader_n of_o the_o right_n of_o dominion_n and_o to_o expect_v to_o be_v deal_v with_o according_o for_o the_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n this_o be_v evident_a also_o in_o the_o record_n of_o our_o k._n edward_n the_o four_o for_o he_o erect_v a_o triumvirate_n or_o invest_v three_o person_n with_o naval_a power_n who_o the_o record_n call_v custodes_fw-la conductores_fw-la &_o waftores_fw-la guardian_n conductor_n and_o waftor_n who_o office_n it_o be_v to_o protect_v and_o guard_v the_o fisherman_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o norfolk_n and_o suffolk_n to_o the_o end_n therefore_o that_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o guard_n may_v be_v defray_v by_o the_o fisherman_n and_o all_o other_o whatsoëver_o be_v exclude_v from_o meddle_v with_o this_o kind_n of_o guard_n or_o protection_n he_o appoint_v four_o man_n by_o name_n sir_n john_n hemingham_n knight_n william_n hopton_n edmund_n yve_n and_o john_n â—ansfleet_n esquire_n as_o well_o say_v the_o 2._o record_n themselves_o to_o oversee_v those_o guardian_n conductor_n and_o waftor_n as_o to_o give_v notice_n to_o all_o fisherman_n of_o what_o country_n soêver_o they_o be_v who_o shall_v desire_v to_o fish_v in_o the_o part_n aforesaid_a under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o say_v n._n n._n that_o those_o fisherman_n and_o every_o of_o they_o do_v contribute_v to_o all_o and_o all_o manner_n of_o cost_v charge_n and_o expense_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o guardian_n and_o conductor_n in_o the_o time_n of_o fish_v and_o charge_v all_o such_o cost_v charge_n and_o expense_n according_a to_o a_o proportion_n and_o to_o levy_v and_o collect_v those_o cost_v charge_n and_o expense_n out_o of_o this_o kind_n of_o fishing_n belong_v to_o the_o fisherman_n aforesaid_a wheresoêver_o they_o may_v be_v find_v as_o also_o to_o arrest_v and_o apprehend_v all_o other_o except_z the_o afore_o name_v who_o presume_v or_o attempt_v to_o become_v guardian_n conductor_n or_o wastor_n and_o to_o commit_v they_o to_o our_o next_o gaol_n there_o to_o be_v keep_v safe_o and_o secure_o till_o we_o shall_v take_v order_n for_o their_o delivery_n in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n almost_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n we_o find_v divers_a letter_n patent_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o septembris_fw-la seven_o yea_o and_o of_o richard_n the_o 2._o three_o save_v that_o in_o the_o form_n hereof_o after_o those_o word_n charge_v all_o such_o expense_n according_a to_o a_o proportion_n this_o considerable_a claus_n here_o be_v insert_v although_o the_o same_o fisherman_n whether_o any_o one_o or_o more_o of_o they_o may_v have_v have_v letter_n of_o safe_a conduct_n from_o any_o other_o king_n prince_z or_o governor_n of_o any_o kingdom_n whatsoëver_o so_o that_o by_o the_o receive_a and_o usual_a custom_n the_o charge_n of_o the_o guard_n be_v to_o be_v defraied_a by_o the_o fisherman_n of_o this_o sea_n at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o our_o king_n though_o they_o may_v have_v have_v letter_n of_o public_a security_n and_o protection_n from_o any_o other_o prince_n nor_o be_v any_o other_o person_n to_o be_v admit_v to_o a_o partnership_n in_o this_o kind_n of_o guard_n except_o those_o that_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n lest_o by_o this_o mean_n perhaps_o it_o may_v derogate_v from_o the_o english_a right_o which_o be_v a_o manifest_a sign_n or_o evidence_n of_o the_o dominion_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o place_n the_o dominion_n of_o england_n make_v evident_a from_o the_o law_n and_o limit_n usual_o set_v by_o our_o king_n in_o the_o sea_n to_o such_o foreiner_n as_o be_v at_o enmity_n with_o each_o other_o but_o in_o amity_n with_o the_o english_a and_o concern_v the_o king_n closet_n or_o chamber_n in_o the_o sea_n also_o touch_v that_o singular_a privilege_n of_o perpetual_a truce_n or_o exemption_n from_o hostility_n in_o the_o sea_n about_o those_o isle_n which_o lie_v before_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n chap._n xxii_o promontoriorum_fw-la series_n rumbi_fw-la leucae_n ad_fw-la the_o sowter_n in_o phoenicem_n s._n s._n e._n 17â…“_n ad_fw-la whitby_n in_o notapeliotem_fw-la s._n e._n 12_o ad_fw-la flamborough_n head_n in_o notapeliotem_fw-la s._n e._n ½_n versus_fw-la austrum_fw-la 8_o ad_fw-la the_o sporne_n in_o phoenicem_n s._n s._n e._n versus_fw-la apeliotem_fw-la 13â…“_n ad_fw-la cromar_n in_o meleuâ—um_n s._n e._n and_o by_o e._n 24â…“_n ad_fw-la minterton_n nes_z in_o hypophoenicem_fw-la s._n e._n and_o by_o s._n 4._o ad_fw-la caster-nes_a in_o phoenicem_n s._n s._n e._n 21_o 13_o ad_fw-la layestof_n in_o austrum_fw-la s_o 3¾_n ad_fw-la east-nes_a in_o austrum_fw-la s._n ½_n versus_fw-la occidentem_fw-la 1â…š_n ad_fw-la orforth-nes_a in_o mesolybonotum_n s._n and_o by_o w._n 6â…™_n ad_fw-la north-foreland_a in_o austrum_fw-la s._n â…“_n versus_fw-la oâ—â—identem_fw-la 15â…™_n ad_fw-la south-foreland_a in_o austrum_fw-la s_o 6â…“_n ad_fw-la dunge-nes_a in_o notolybicum_n s._n w._n ¼_n versus_fw-la austrum_fw-la 7_o ad_fw-la beach_n in_o africum_n w._n s._n w._n ¼_n versus_fw-la austrum_fw-la 13_o add_v dune-noze_a in_o africum_n w._n s._n w._n ¾_n versus_fw-la occidentem_fw-la 24_o â—_o â—_o ad_fw-la portland_n in_o hypafricum_n w._n and_o by_o s._n vers_fw-la austrum_fw-la 161_o 12_o ad_fw-la the_o start_n in_o africum_n m._n s._n m._n â…•_n in_o occidentem_fw-la 18â…”_n ad_fw-la the_o ram_n in_o occidentem_fw-la m._n ¼_n versus_fw-la boream_fw-la 6½_n ad_fw-la the_o dudman_n in_o africum_n m._n s._n m._n â…™_n versus_fw-la occidentem_fw-la 8½_n ad_fw-la the_o lizard_n in_o africum_n m._n s._n m._n â—_o â—â—_o versus_fw-la austrum_fw-la 9_o ad_fw-la the_o landsend_n in_o caurum_fw-la m._n n._n m._n versus_fw-la boream_fw-la 7_o ad_fw-la milford_n in_o boream_fw-la n._n â…”_n versus_fw-la orientem_fw-la 31â…”_n ad_fw-la s._n david_n head_n in_o boream_fw-la n._n ½_n versus_fw-la occidentem_fw-la 5½_n ad_fw-la beardsie_n in_o hypaquilonem_fw-la n._n and_o by_o e._n â…›_n vers_fw-la orieâ—tâ—m_fw-la 12â…™_n ad_fw-la holy_a head_n in_o boream_fw-la n._n â…™_n versus_fw-la occidentem_fw-la 9_o ad_fw-la monam_fw-la in_o hypaquilonem_fw-la n._n and_o by_o e._n â…•_n versus_fw-la boream_fw-la 26_o here_o you_o see_v very_o large_a space_n of_o sea_n intercept_v sometime_o for_o above_o ninety_o mile_n for_o three_o english_a mile_n here_o go_v to_o every_o league_n whereby_o those_o chamber_n or_o sea-closet_n be_v make_v but_o we_o find_v the_o management_n of_o that_o business_n concern_v these_o chamber_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a proclamation_n set_v forth_o after_o this_o manner_n in_o the_o subscription_n of_o the_o twelv_v man_n that_o be_v swear_v and_o add_v to_o the_o aforesaid_a distance_n and_o course_n of_o sail_v we_o who_o name_n be_v subscribe_v be_v call_v before_o the_o right_n honourable_a sir_n julius_n caesar_n knight_n judge_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v high_a court_n of_o admiralty_n and_o there_o be_v enrol_v admit_v and_o swear_v for_o the_o describe_v of_o the_o limit_n and_o bound_n of_o the_o king_n chamber_n havens_n or_o port_n in_o their_o full_a extent_n do_v by_o these_o present_n make_v answer_v and_o to_o the_o best_a of_o our_o knowledge_n and_o understanding_n declare_v that_o the_o say_v chamber_n havens_n or_o port_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v the_o whole_a seacoast_n which_o be_v intercept_v or_o cut_v off_o by_o a_o straight_a line_n draw_v from_o one_o point_n to_o another_o about_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n whereof_o we_o have_v make_v a_o table_n concern_v that_o business_n whereto_o we_o have_v annex_v this_o our_o schedule_n show_v therein_o how_o one_o point_n stand_v in_o a_o direct_a line_n towards_o another_o according_a to_o that_o table_n give_v the_o four_o day_n of_o march_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1604._o and_o in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n james_n etc._n etc._n and_o then_o in_o the_o schedule_n there_o follow_v the_o name_n of_o the_o twelv_v man_n who_o be_v all_o person_n of_o very_a great_a knowledge_n in_o naval_a or_o maritime_a affair_n so_o the_o space_n within_o the_o straight_a line_n draw_v from_o one_o point_n to_o another_o be_v the_o chamber_n or_o port_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n
and_o other_o as_o well_o stranger_n as_o native_n enemy_n as_o well_o as_o friend_n may_v free_o lawful_o and_o without_o peril_n go_v unto_o pass_z to_z and_o fro_o and_o frequent_v the_o say_a isle_n and_o the_o place_n upon_o the_o coast_n thereof_o with_o their_o ship_n merchandise_n and_o good_n as_o well_o for_o shelter_v from_o foul_a weather_n as_o upon_o any_o other_o their_o lawful_a occasion_n and_o there_o to_o use_v free_a commerce_n and_o traffic_n and_o to_o abide_v with_o safety_n and_o security_n and_o to_o come_v away_o thence_o and_o return_v at_o pleasure_n without_o any_o damage_n trouble_n or_o hostility_n whatsoëver_o in_o their_o affair_n merchandise_n good_n or_o body_n and_o that_o not_o only_o near_o the_o island_n and_o place_n aforesaid_a upon_o the_o coast_n and_o their_o precinct_n but_o also_o within_o the_o space_n distant_a from_o they_o as_o far_o as_o a_o man_n may_v ken_v that_o be_v so_o far_a as_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o eye_n can_v attain_v and_o this_o be_v call_v a_o privilege_n which_o you_o see_v extend'_v so_o far_o into_o the_o sea_n itself_o as_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o eye_n can_v pierce_v from_o the_o shore_n and_o if_o so_o be_v this_o privilege_n do_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o they_o be_v lord_n both_o of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o isle_n and_o by_o the_o same_o right_n that_o the_o isle_n themselves_o belong_v to_o they_o as_o have_v be_v say_v xix_o before_o it_o can_v in_o reason_n be_v imagine_v from_o whence_o it_o have_v its_o original_n there_o be_v not_o so_o far_o as_o we_o know_v so_o much_o as_o a_o pretence_n of_o a_o grant_v make_v by_o any_o other_o prince_n but_o only_o by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n who_o unless_o themselves_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o whole_a sea_n flow_v about_o by_o what_o title_n and_o authority_n do_v they_o ordain_v such_o a_o truce_n so_o far_o within_o the_o sea_n on_o every_o side_n between_o enemy_n of_o all_o nation_n whatsoëver_o that_o come_v unto_o those_o island_n but_o as_o our_o king_n have_v very_o often_o command_v that_o all_o manner_n of_o person_n shall_v cease_v from_o hostility_n not_o only_o within_o the_o aforesaid_a creek_n but_o also_o throughout_o the_o space_n extend_v thence_o at_o pleasure_n into_o their_o territory_n by_o sea_n so_o in_o like_a manner_n they_o indulge_v the_o like_a kind_n of_o privilege_n for_o ever_o throughout_o these_o coast_n of_o the_o french_a shore_n that_o all_o manner_n of_o person_n though_o enemy_n to_o one_o another_o may_v secure_o sail_v to_o and_o fro_o as_o it_o be_v under_o the_o wing_n of_o a_o arbiter_n or_o moderator_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o also_o free_o use_v the_o sea_n according_a to_o such_o space_n or_o limit_n as_o they_o be_v please_v at_o first_o to_o appoint_v which_o without_o doubt_n be_v a_o clear_a evidence_n of_o dominion_n certain_a public_a record_n wherein_o of_o old_a the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o the_o way_n asscribe_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n both_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o also_o by_o the_o estate_n of_o parliament_n debate_v of_o other_o matter_n and_o that_o in_o express_a word_n and_o with_o very_o great_a deliberation_n as_o a_o know_a and_o most_o undoubted_a right_n chap._n xxiii_o i_o shall_v next_o of_o all_o cite_v several_a public_a record_n which_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n wherein_o the_o dominion_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o the_o way_n express_o assert_v as_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o that_o both_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o as_o also_o by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n as_o they_o be_v debate_v about_o other_o matter_n for_o that_o be_v the_o sixth_o head_n of_o the_o former_a division_n king_n edward_n the_o three_o intitle_n himself_o and_o his_o predecessor_n lord_n of_o the_o whole_a sea_n flow_v round_o about_o in_o the_o several_a commission_n give_v to_o geoffry_n de_fw-fr say_v governor_n or_o commander_n of_o the_o southern_a and_o western_a sea_n and_o john_n de_fw-fr norwich_n of_o the_o northern_a the_o limit_n of_o distinction_n beginning_n as_o it_o be_v usual_a at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o thames_n out_o of_o which_o record_v we_o here_o set_v down_o theform_v which_o be_v especial_o to_o be_v consider_v so_o far_o as_o it_o make_v to_o this_o purpose_n 16._o the_o king_n to_o his_o belove_a and_o trusty_n geoffry_n de_fw-fr say_v admiral_n of_o his_o fleet_n of_o ship_n from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n thames_n towards_o the_o western_a part_n greeting_n whereas_o we_o have_v of_o late_o command_v you_o by_o our_o letter_n that_o you_o together_o with_o certain_a ship_n out_o of_o the_o cinque-port_n which_o we_o have_v order_v to_o be_v furnish_v and_o make_v ready_a for_o war_n according_a to_o our_o command_n shall_v set_v forth_o to_o sea_n to_o oppose_v and_o resist_v certain_a galley_n provide_v and_o enforce_v with_o man_n of_o war_n in_o divers_a foreign_a part_n which_o as_o we_o be_v inform_v be_v set_v out_o towards_o the_o part_n of_o our_o dominion_n to_o aggriev_n we_o and_o our_o people_n or_o else_o to_o turn_v their_o course_n towards_o the_o coast_n of_o scotland_n for_o the_o relief_n and_o succour_n of_o our_o enemy_n there_o and_o in_o regard_n it_o have_v be_v relate_v by_o some_o that_o galley_n of_o that_o kind_n to_o the_o number_n of_o xxvi_o be_v new_o come_v to_o the_o coast_n of_o bretaign_n and_o normandy_n and_o do_v still_o abide_v there_o as_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o do_v what_o mischief_n they_o can_v against_o we_o and_o we_o or_o to_o succour_v our_o say_a enemy_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a we_o call_v to_o mind_n that_o our_o progenitor_n the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v before_o these_o time_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n on_o every_o side_n yea_o and_o defender_n thereof_o against_o the_o invasion_n of_o enemy_n and_o see_v it_o will_v very_o much_o grieve_v we_o if_o our_o kingly_a honour_n in_o this_o kind_n of_o defence_n shall_v which_o god_n forbid_v be_v lose_v in_o our_o time_n or_o in_o any_o sort_n diminish_v and_o desire_v with_o god_n help_n to_o prevent_v danger_n of_o this_o nature_n and_o provide_v for_o the_o safeguard_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o our_o subject_n and_o to_o restrain_v the_o malice_n of_o our_o eenemy_n we_o do_v therefore_o strict_o require_v and_o charge_v you_o by_o the_o duty_n and_o allegiance_n wherein_o you_o stand_v bind_v according_a to_o the_o special_a trust_n repose_v in_o you_o that_o immediate_o upon_o sight_n of_o these_o present_n and_o without_o any_o far_a delay_n you_o do_v set_v forth_o to_o sea_n with_o the_o ship_n of_o the_o port_n aforesaid_a and_o the_o other_o ship_n which_o be_v now_o ready_a and_o that_o you_o arrest_v the_o other_o ship_n in_o obedience_n to_o our_o command_n which_o we_o late_o require_v you_o to_o arrest_v but_o so_o that_o they_o may_v be_v ready_a and_o provide_v to_o set_v forth_o according_a to_o our_o aforesaid_a command_n see_v we_o cause_v the_o master_n and_o mariner_n of_o the_o same_o ship_n to_o be_v prepare_v and_o gather_v together_o whether_o they_o be_v within_o your_o liberty_n or_o without_o and_o to_o cause_v they_o be_v well_o provide_v of_o man_n of_o war_n and_o other_o necessary_n to_o hasten_v out_o to_o sea_n with_o the_o aforesaid_a ship_n and_o that_o with_o all_o diligence_n you_o make_v search_v after_o the_o aforesaid_a galley_n and_o other_o ship_n of_o war_n abroad_o against_o we_o and_o stout_o and_o manful_o set_v upon_o they_o if_o they_o shall_v presume_v to_o bend_v their_o course_n for_o the_o end_n aforesaid_a towards_o the_o part_n of_o our_o dominion_n or_o the_o coast_n of_o scotland_n and_o if_o they_o steal_v away_o from_o you_o so_o that_o you_o can_v meet_v with_o they_o than_o you_o be_v with_o the_o aforesaid_a ship_n of_o our_o fleet_n without_o any_o delay_n to_o follow_v after_o the_o same_o galley_n and_o ship_n of_o war_n set_v out_o against_o we_o if_o they_o shall_v make_v towards_o our_o kingdom_n or_o the_o coast_n â—f_n scotland_n aforesaid_a and_o courageous_o to_o destroy_v they_o for_o the_o conservation_n of_o our_o royal_a honour_n but_o yet_o we_o will_v not_o that_o you_o occasion_n any_o hurt_n or_o hindrance_n to_o merchant_n or_o other_o pass_v by_o sea_n who_o have_v no_o intention_n to_o offend_v we_o and_o our_o subject_n or_o to_o succour_v our_o enemy_n then_o follow_v we_o a_o power_n to_o press_v seaman_n and_o some_o other_o matter_n of_o that_o kind_n the_o day_n also_o and_o authority_n be_v subscribe_v after_o this_o manner_n witness_v the_o king_n at_o the_o town_n of_o s_o t_o john_n the_o sixteenth_o day_n of_o august_n by_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o
to_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n of_o england_n to_o the_o end_n that_o no_o man_n may_v question_v whether_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o his_o king_n by_o the_o right_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n or_o of_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n or_o of_o any_o other_o province_n in_o france_n another_o also_o who_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o say_v it_o have_v be_v receive_v by_o ancient_a custom_n that_o it_o be_v a_o duty_n lie_v upon_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o lord_z of_o the_o british_a sea_n to_o scour_v the_o sea_n of_o pirate_n and_o to_o render_v the_o use_n thereof_o as_o of_o a_o public_a road_n or_o thoroughfare_a who_o soil_n be_v within_o his_o patrimony_n safe_a for_o ship_n for_o he_o express_v himself_o in_o english_a thus_o 51._o the_o king_n of_o the_o old_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o narrow_a sea_n be_v bind_v as_o it_o be_v say_v to_o scour_v the_o sea_n of_o the_o pirate_n and_o petit_fw-la robber_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o much_o also_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v dominion_n be_v without_o controversy_n admit_v by_o our_o 260._o lawyer_n of_o late_a time_n and_o it_o appear_v by_o public_a record_n contain_v divers_a main_a point_n touch_v which_o the_o judge_n be_v to_o be_v consult_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o common-weal_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o that_o the_o king_n sea-dominion_n which_o they_o call_v the_o ancient_a superiority_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o matter_n out_o of_o question_n among_o our_o lawyer_n of_o that_o age._n but_o consultation_n be_v have_v for_o the_o more_o convenient_a guard_n of_o it_o for_o the_o whole_a bench_n of_o judge_n be_v advise_v with_o to_o the_o end_n so_o we_o read_v it_o in_o the_o condinensi_fw-la record_n and_o that_o be_v especial_o to_o be_v observe_v which_o we_o find_v here_o about_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o the_o naval_a law_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o oleron_n seat_v in_o the_o creek_n of_o aquitain_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n charente_n that_o the_o form_n of_o proceed_v heretofore_o ordain_v and_o begin_v by_o edward_n the_o first_o grandfather_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n at_o the_o prosecution_n of_o his_o subject_n may_v be_v resume_v and_o continue_v for_o the_o retain_v and_o conserve_n of_o the_o ancient_a superiority_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o office_n of_o admiralty_n in_o the_o same_o as_o to_o the_o correct_v expound_v declare_v and_o conserve_n the_o law_n and_o statute_n long_o since_o make_v by_o his_o predecessor_n king_n of_o england_n for_o the_o maintain_n of_o peace_n and_o justice_n among_o all_o people_n of_o what_o nation_n soëver_o pass_v through_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o to_o take_v cognisance_n of_o all_o attempt_n to_o the_o contrary_a in_o the_o same_o and_o to_o punish_v offender_n and_o award_n satisfaction_n to_o such_o as_o suffer_v wrong_a and_o damage_n which_o law_n and_o statute_n be_v by_o the_o lord_n richard_n heretofore_o king_n of_o england_n at_o his_o return_n from_o the_o holy_a land_n interpret_v declare_v and_o publish_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o oleron_n and_o name_v in_o french_a le_fw-fr ley_fw-fr olyroun_n here_o you_o have_v it_o declare_v as_o a_o thing_n most_o receive_v and_o certain_a that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v by_o ancient_a right_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o same_o name_n or_o that_o which_o flow'_v about_o it_o but_o that_o whereof_o the_o bench_n of_o judge_n be_v to_o consult_v be_v only_o about_o the_o orderly_a maintenance_n of_o this_o right_n nor_o be_v it_o true_o a_o small_a sign_n of_o this_o dominion_n that_o richard_n the_o first_o king_n of_o england_n be_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o oleron_n which_o he_o possess_v as_o seat_v in_o his_o own_o sea_n not_o so_o much_o for_o that_o he_o be_v duke_n of_o aquitain_n as_o king_n of_o england_n whereof_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v do_v as_o sole_a ruler_n and_o moderator_n of_o sea-affair_n first_o publish_v those_o naval_a or_o sea-law_n in_o that_o his_o island_n which_o hold_v in_o force_n to_o this_o day_n and_o from_o that_o time_n give_v they_o so_o large_a and_o perpetual_a a_o authority_n by_o that_o name_n that_o as_o the_o rhodian_a naval_a law_n as_o the_o case_n stand_v do_v prove_v that_o the_o rhodian_o in_o ancient_a time_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o grecian_a sea_n so_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n have_v 19_o obtain_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o authority_n by_o sea_n from_o their_o first_o institution_n must_v ever_o declare_v the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o the_o author_n to_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n round_o about_o but_o some_o print_a copy_n of_o these_o law_n make_v they_o about_o sixty_o year_n late_a than_o the_o reign_n of_o that_o richard_n by_o what_o authority_n i_o can_v tell_v for_o they_o relate_v they_o to_o have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o year_n mcclxvi_o which_o be_v the_o fifty_o year_n of_o our_o henry_n the_o three_o also_o in_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n it_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o privilege_n of_o such_o as_o be_v absent_a that_o they_o who_o shall_v be_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n at_o the_o levy_n of_o a_o fine_a of_o any_o land_n and_o make_v proclamation_n thereupon_o be_v not_o so_o bind_v either_o by_o a_o yearly_a prescription_n as_o heretofore_o or_o by_o a_o five_o year_n prescription_n as_o be_v usual_a of_o late_a time_n but_o that_o their_o right_a remain_n entire_a to_o they_o upon_o their_o return_n home_o if_o they_o make_v their_o claim_n within_o the_o like_a space_n of_o time_n but_o intra_fw-la regnum_fw-la within_o the_o kingdom_n be_v by_o the_o same_o law_n take_v and_o that_o in_o the_o usual_a phrase_n for_o that_o which_o be_v intra_fw-la or_o as_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v barbarous_o render_v infra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la maria_fw-la within_o the_o etc._n four_o sea_n to_o wit_n the_o southern_a western_a eastern_a and_o that_o northern_a sea_n which_o wash_v both_o the_o side_n of_o that_o neck_n of_o land_n whereby_o scotland_n be_v unite_v to_o england_n that_o be_v to_o say_v within_o the_o outmost_a bound_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n in_o those_o four_o sea_n or_o within_o the_o opposite_a shore_n of_o the_o eastern_a and_o southern_a sea_n or_o port_n belong_v to_o other_o prince_n and_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o northern_a and_o western_a sea_n which_o indeed_o be_v to_o be_v bound_v after_o another_o manner_n but_o yet_o to_o be_v bound_v that_o be_v accordirng_a to_o the_o extent_n of_o possession_n westward_o beyond_o the_o western_a shore_n of_o ireland_n and_o by_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o that_o sea_n which_o be_v of_o the_o scotish_n name_n and_o jurisdiction_n but_o that_o which_o be_v oppose_v to_o this_o particle_n intra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la maria_fw-la within_o the_o four_o sea_n be_v that_o lichford_n extra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la maria_fw-la without_o the_o four_o sea_n or_o to_o be_v in_o the_o part_n so_o beyond_o the_o sea_n that_o they_o be_v beyond_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n from_o whence_o we_o be_v to_o determine_v of_o the_o bound_n or_o exterior_a limit_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o although_o the_o land_n of_o england_n be_v sometime_o use_v for_o that_o which_o be_v the_o whole_a realm_n or_o english_a empire_n as_o signify_v the_o same_o a_o more_o ordinary_a and_o indeed_o more_o brief_a expression_n be_v apply_v as_o be_v usual_a in_o stead_n of_o a_o more_o large_a yet_o it_o certain_o appear_v that_o extra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la maria_fw-la without_o the_o four_o sea_n and_o extra_fw-la regnum_fw-la without_o the_o realm_n do_v in_o our_o law-book_n signify_v the_o very_a same_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o say_v so_o far_o as_o the_o extent_n and_o latitude_n of_o the_o whole_a english_a empire_n be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o name_n of_o realm_n not_o as_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n be_v now_o and_o then_o distinguish_v in_o 23._o our_o law_n from_o ireland_n which_o also_o be_v a_o distinct_a dominion_n of_o the_o same_o empire_n or_o from_o the_o other_o island_n which_o be_v reckon_v in_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o it_o be_v usual_a in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o law_n so_o to_o describe_v he_o who_o in_o that_o since_o shall_v be_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n and_o whereas_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o to_o a_o objection_n make_v against_o one_o that_o will_v avoid_v the_o yearly_a prescription_n as_o not_o bind_v by_o it_o for_o that_o he_o be_v not_o in_o england_n it_o be_v except_v that_o he_o be_v in_o scotland_n and_o so_o within_o the_o four_o sea_n it_o be_v thereupon_o 13._o answer_v and_o rule_v
sea_n from_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n deny_v a_o dominion_n and_o wrest_v other_o thing_n by_o way_n of_o argument_n out_o of_o the_o writer_n of_o the_o imperial_a law_n which_o be_v clear_o contrary_a to_o our_o english_a right_o as_o also_o to_o the_o intervenient_a law_n of_o nation_n which_o have_v continue_v in_o force_n for_o so_o many_o age_n about_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n either_o i_o say_v the_o same_o must_v be_v say_v of_o they_o or_o else_o that_o they_o do_v not_o so_o much_o make_v choice_n of_o argument_n which_o they_o think_v be_v true_a to_o serve_v the_o present_a occasion_n as_o of_o such_o that_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v the_o great_a force_n and_o authority_n among_o those_o civil_a lawyer_n with_o who_o they_o be_v in_o treaty_n nor_o be_v it_o a_o new_a thing_n that_o civilian_n shall_v speak_v of_o a_o natural_a and_o perpetual_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n even_o where_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o a_o dominion_n thereof_o be_v admit_v from_o all_o antiquity_n in_o the_o very_a territory_n wherein_o they_o themselves_o be_v comprehend_v as_o i_o have_v former_o declare_v there_o be_v also_o very_a many_o right_n among_o we_o belong_v either_o to_o the_o exchequer_n or_o to_o such_o as_o enjoy_v the_o right_n of_o the_o exchequer_n by_o grant_n from_o the_o king_n which_o some_o conceiv_n to_o be_v ground_v upon_o that_o sea-dominion_n whereof_o we_o discourse_n as_o the_o confiscation_n of_o good_n derelict_n in_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o some_o of_o the_o great_a sort_n of_o fish_n as_o wale-fish_n sturgeon_n and_o other_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n that_o of_o the_o satirist_n hold_v good_a 4._o quicquid_fw-la conspicuum_fw-la pulchrúmque_fw-la ex_fw-la aequore_fw-la toto_fw-la est_fw-la res_fw-la fisci_fw-la est_fw-la ubicunque_fw-la natat_fw-la good_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o any_o worth_n and_o note_n belong_v to_o th'chequer_n wheresoëre_fw-la they_o float_v beside_o wrecked_a good_n cast_v out_o ashore_o when_o no_o live_a creature_n belong_v to_o the_o ship_n remain_n alive_a but_o these_o thing_n do_v not_o only_o appertain_v to_o he_o that_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o sometime_o also_o to_o other_o in_o other_o nation_n and_o they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n depend_v either_o upon_o the_o law_n or_o custom_n of_o some_o land_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o good_n cast_v ashore_o or_o of_o such_o as_o be_v find_v and_o import_v or_o else_o upon_o a_o right_n over_o such_o person_n as_o shall_v first_o possess_v they_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o any_o good_n whatsoever_o derelict_n or_o find_v in_o the_o sea_n and_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n therefore_o i_o think_v it_o not_o meet_v to_o draw_v those_o thing_n here_o into_o controversy_n some_o ancient_a testimony_n of_o less_o account_n touch_v the_o sea-dominion_n whereof_o we_o treat_v chap._n xxv_o but_o his_o intent_n be_v earnest_o to_o persuade_v the_o english_a that_o it_o be_v their_o main_a interest_n diligent_o to_o guard_v the_o sea_n whereof_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v lord_n and_o to_o defend_v it_o with_o all_o their_o might_n as_o the_o perpetual_a prop_n and_o support_v of_o their_o empire_n he_o say_v also_o that_o the_o same_o advice_n be_v give_v by_o the_o emperor_n sigismond_n at_o his_o interview_n with_o our_o henry_n the_o five_o for_o the_o procure_n of_o on_o peace_n betwixt_o he_o and_o charles_n the_o six_o king_n of_o france_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o set_v down_o his_o word_n the_o true_a process_n of_o english_a policy_n of_o utterward_o to_o keep_v this_o region_n of_o our_o englond_n that_o no_o man_n may_v deny_v nor_o say_v of_o sooth_n but_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a be_v this_o that_o who_o see_v south_n north_n east_n and_o west_n cherish_v merchandise_n keep_v the_o admiralty_n that_o we_o be_v master_n of_o the_o narrow_a see_n for_o sigismond_n the_o great_a emperor_n which_o yet_o reign_v when_o he_o be_v in_o this_o land_n with_o king_n henry_n the_o five_o prince_n of_o honour_n here_o much_o glory_n as_o he_o think_v he_o find_v a_o mighty_a land_n which_o have_v take_v in_o hand_n to_o war_n in_o france_n and_o make_v mortality_n and_o ever_o well_o keep_v round_o about_o the_o see_n and_o to_o the_o king_n thus_o he_o say_v my_o brother_n when_o he_o perceivae_v two_o town_n calys_n and_o dover_n of_o all_o your_o town_n to_o choose_v of_o one_o and_o other_o to_o keep_v the_o sea_n and_o soon_o to_o come_v over_o to_o be_v outward_o and_o your_o reign_n to_o recover_v keep_v these_o two_o town_n sure_a and_o your_o maâ—estie_n as_o your_o tweyne_a eye_n so_o keep_v the_o narrow_a see_n for_o if_o this_o see_v be_v keep_v in_o time_n of_o war_n who_o can_v here_o pass_v without_o danger_n and_o woâ—_n who_o can_v escape_v who_o may_v mischief_n differre_fw-la what_o marchandie_n may_v for_o by_o be_v ago_o for_o needs_o hem_n must_v take_v trewe_v every_o foe_n flanders_n and_o spain_n and_o other_o trust_v to_o i_o or_o else_o hinder_v all_o for_o this_o narrow_a see_n what_o be_v contain_v more_o at_o large_a in_o these_o rhythme_n you_o have_v the_o sens_fw-fr of_o it_o contract_v above_o in_o few_o word_n it_o be_v not_o worth_a while_n to_o render_v the_o word_n themselves_o the_o same_o versifier_n also_o proceed_v thus_o but_o king_n edward_n make_v a_o siege_n royal_a and_o win_v the_o town_n and_o in_o special_a the_o sea_n be_v keep_v and_o thereof_o he_o be_v lord_n thus_o make_v he_o coin_v noble_n come_v of_o record_n we_o have_v also_o divers_a other_o very_a large_a domestic_a testimony_n of_o this_o thing_n which_o be_v add_v in_o the_o next_o place_n be_v mingle_v together_o with_o the_o ancient_a recognition_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o foreign_a nation_n concern_v the_o same_o that_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o foreiner_n who_o it_o most_o concern_v by_o their_o usual_a strike_n of_o sail_n according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n also_o concern_v two_o edict_n or_o ordinance_n that_o be_v set_v forth_o about_o this_o thing_n by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n chap._n xxvi_o we_o be_v come_v now_o to_o foreiner_n and_o it_o be_v clear_o evident_a by_o what_o we_o have_v discourse_v before_o either_o touch_v the_o limit_n set_v for_o navigation_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n or_o the_o licence_n of_o passage_n through_o this_o sea_n often_o desire_v by_o petition_n that_o some_o of_o they_o have_v indeed_o acknowledge_v this_o dominion_n but_o there_o be_v two_o testimony_n more_o notable_a than_o the_o rest_n which_o show_n if_o you_o consider_v chief_o as_o you_o ought_v their_o be_v neighbour_n and_o such_o who_o it_o concern_v that_o they_o general_o do_v the_o same_o the_o one_o be_v the_o usual_a strike_n of_o the_o topsail_n by_o every_o ship_n of_o any_o foreign_a nation_n whatsoêver_o if_o they_o sail_v near_o the_o king_n navy_n or_o any_o ship_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o navy_n in_o the_o sea_n the_o other_o be_v a_o libel_n publish_v of_o old_a or_o a_o bill_n of_o complaint_n institute_v wherein_o very_a many_o foreign_a nation_n heretofore_o in_o the_o time_n our_o edward_n the_o first_o do_v all_o together_o and_o by_o common_a consent_n with_o the_o english_a acknowledge_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n whereto_o i_o shall_v add_v also_o a_o particular_a declaration_n of_o that_o kind_n make_v by_o the_o fleming_n in_o a_o embassy_n to_o our_o edward_n the_o second_o but_o that_o the_o strike_n of_o sail_n be_v do_v not_o only_o in_o honour_n of_o the_o english_a king_n but_o also_o in_o acknowledgement_n of_o his_o sovereignty_n and_o dominion_n in_o this_o sea_n be_v i_o suppose_v a_o thing_n out_o of_o question_n certain_o the_o french_a can_v doubt_v of_o it_o who_o by_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o strike_v will_v have_v have_v themselves_o heretofore_o acknowledge_v lord_n of_o our_o sea_n but_o in_o vain_a that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o be_v as_o much_o over-seen_a in_o the_o former_a age_n in_o set_v forth_o two_o edict_n or_o ordinance_n to_o require_v and_o ratify_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o strike_v sail_n to_o themselves_o by_o all_o foreiner_n as_o they_o be_v in_o so_o rash_o vindicate_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n concern_v those_o edict_n we_o speak_v before_o in_o the_o 18._o former_a book_n neither_o of_o which_o be_v receive_v as_o valid_a in_o any_o court_n of_o justice_n according_a to_o a_o decision_n make_v in_o the_o 1609._o supreme_a court_n of_o parliament_n which_o we_o have_v observe_v also_o in_o that_o place_n yea_o and_o here_o i_o shall_v set_v down_o the_o very_a word_n use_v by_o ludovicus_n servinus_fw-la advocate_n general_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n to_o magnify_v the_o authority_n of_o those_o edict_n or_o ordinance_n at_o
the_o time_n of_o that_o decision_n the_o one_o of_o they_o be_v set_v forth_o by_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o of_o france_n or_o in_o the_o year_n mdlv_o the_o other_o by_o henry_n the_o three_o or_o in_o the_o year_n mdlxxxiv_o they_o be_v both_o object_v by_o those_o who_o require_v a_o strike_n of_o sail_n to_o they_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o french_a king_n even_o without_o the_o bound_n of_o france_n for_o the_o word_n of_o the_o edict_n do_v not_o relate_v only_o to_o the_o sea_n confine_v upon_o france_n upon_o which_o ground_n also_o they_o offer_v violence_n to_o certain_a hamburger_n who_o refuse_v to_o do_v this_o and_o seize_v they_o as_o guilty_a of_o contempt_n against_o the_o dignity_n and_o dominion_n of_o the_o french_a by_o sea_n but_o as_o to_o this_o thing_n say_v servinus_fw-la it_o may_v be_v say_v on_o the_o contrary_a that_o the_o edict_n or_o ordinance_n of_o the_o realm_n make_v injunction_n to_o strike_v and_o come_v aboard_o have_v not_o be_v observe_v and_o be_v not_o to_o this_o day_n and_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o of_o the_o year_n 1555._o have_v be_v verify_v in_o the_o court_n of_o parliament_n but_o the_o defendant_n do_v report_v only_o a_o extract_n out_o of_o the_o register_n of_o broüage_n which_o indeed_o be_v evident_a enough_o when_o that_o edict_n be_v object_v by_o the_o 254._o same_o man_n moreover_o it_o be_v a_o old_a obsolete_a law_n and_o that_o which_o prove'_v it_o be_v the_o new_a ordinance_n of_o the_o year_n 1584._o for_o there_o have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o a_o new_a law_n if_o the_o old_a one_o have_v be_v keep_v and_o notwithstanding_o that_o the_o last_o have_v not_o be_v verify_v simple_o but_o as_o it_o be_v promote_v by_o person_n in_o power_n at_o that_o time_n it_o do_v not_o pass_v without_o resistance_n but_o be_v register_v and_o publish_v with_o the_o qualification_n require_v by_o the_o procurator_n general_n at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o executor_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a form_n and_o such_o as_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o admiralty_n have_v make_v in_o former_a time_n without_o do_v any_o thing_n anew_o the_o former_a edict_n which_o be_v object_v be_v never_o admit_v by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n for_o nothing_o of_o that_o matter_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o record_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v the_o proper_a place_n for_o a_o testimony_n of_o its_o admission_n but_o the_o late_a be_v indeed_o admit_v though_o as_o to_o any_o effect_n of_o a_o law_n either_o at_o that_o time_n to_o be_v enact_v or_o introduce_v or_o as_o receive_v before_o into_o custom_n it_o be_v plain_o reject_v and_o that_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o king_n procurator_n who_o desire_v it_o may_v be_v so_o qualify_v as_o you_o see_v that_o what_o be_v ground_v upon_o ancient_a custom_n it_o only_o may_v be_v ratify_v even_o after_o this_o edict_n be_v so_o admit_v in_o favour_n of_o some_o great_a one_o which_o be_v discreet_o do_v see_v both_o the_o edict_n be_v extreme_o contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o their_o neighbour_n yea_o and_o of_o all_o foreiner_n but_o as_o to_o the_o business_n of_o strike_v sail_n which_o they_o will_v have_v to_o be_v a_o special_a sign_n or_o pledge_v of_o their_o sovereignty_n and_o dominion_n in_o those_o edict_n which_o notwithstanding_o upon_o second_o thought_n be_v reject_v afterward_o in_o law_n as_o have_v be_v show_v true_o it_o have_v be_v usual_o and_o perpetual_o acknowledge_v due_a for_o so_o many_o age_n to_o the_o english_a and_o perform_v according_o both_a by_o stranger_n and_o by_o the_o french_a themselves_o as_o a_o matter_n ground_v upon_o long_a prescription_n can_v be_v no_o slight_a argument_n among_o the_o french_a to_o confirm_v that_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a whereof_o we_o treat_v moreover_o it_o be_v affirm_v by_o all_o that_o be_v use_v to_o the_o sea_n as_o a_o thing_n out_o of_o question_n that_o this_o intervenient_a law_n or_o custom_n of_o strike_v sail_n have_v be_v very_o usual_a to_o the_o english_a and_o other_o nation_n and_o that_o it_o be_v very_o ancient_a and_o receive_v for_o above_o four_o hundred_o year_n appear_v by_o this_o that_o at_o hastings_n a_o town_n situate_a upon_o the_o shore_n of_o sussex_n it_o be_v decree_v by_o king_n john_n in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n or_o of_o our_o lord_n mcc_n with_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o peer_n that_o if_o the_o governor_n or_o commander_n of_o the_o king_n navy_n in_o his_o naval_a expedition_n which_o be_v all_o in_o that_o age_n upon_o the_o southern_a sea_n shall_v encontre_fw-fr sur_fw-fr la_fw-fr mer_fw-fr so_o the_o word_n run_v in_o the_o â—_o norman_a tongue_n aucune_v nef_n ou_fw-fr vesseaulx_fw-fr charge_n ou_fw-fr void_a qui_fw-fr ne_fw-fr vevillent_fw-fr avaler_n &_o abeisser_fw-fr leur_fw-fr trief_n au_fw-fr commandement_fw-fr du_fw-fr lieutenant_n du_fw-fr roy_fw-fr ou_fw-fr de_fw-fr l'_fw-fr admiral_n du_fw-fr roy_fw-fr ou_fw-fr son_fw-fr lieutenant_n mais_fw-fr combatant_n encontre_fw-fr ceulx_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr float_n que_fw-fr silz_n puent_a estre_fw-fr pris_fw-fr quill_n soient_fw-fr reputez_fw-fr come_v enemy_n &_o leur_fw-fr ness_n vesseaulx_fw-fr &_o biens_fw-fr pris_fw-fr &_o forfeit_n come_v biens_fw-fr des_fw-fr enemy_n tout_fw-fr soit_fw-fr que_fw-fr les_fw-fr mistress_n ou_fw-fr possessor_n d'_fw-fr iceulx_fw-fr voudroient_fw-fr venir_fw-fr apres_fw-fr &_o alleguer_v mesme_n les_fw-fr nef_n vesseaulx_fw-fr &_o biens_fw-fr estre_fw-fr des_fw-fr amy_n du_fw-fr roy_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr seigneur_fw-fr &_o que_fw-fr la_fw-fr menye_n estant_fw-fr en_fw-fr iceulx_fw-fr soient_fw-fr chastiez_fw-fr per_fw-la emprisonement_n de_fw-fr leur_fw-fr corpse_n pour_fw-fr leur_fw-fr rebelleté_fw-fr par_fw-fr discretion_n that_o be_v to_o say_v shall_v meet_v any_o ship_n whatsoëver_o by_o sea_n either_o lade_v or_o empty_a that_o shall_v refuse_v to_o strike_v their_o sail_n at_o the_o command_n of_o the_o king_n governor_n or_o admiral_n or_o his_o lieutenant_n but_o make_v resistance_n against_o they_o which_o belong_v to_o his_o fleet_n that_o then_o they_o be_v to_o be_v repute_v enemy_n if_o they_o may_v be_v take_v yea_o and_o their_o ship_n and_o good_n be_v confiscate_v as_o the_o good_n of_o enemy_n and_o that_o though_o the_o master_n or_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n shall_v allege_v afterwards_o that_o the_o same_o ship_n and_o good_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o friend_n and_o ally_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n but_o that_o the_o person_n which_o shall_v be_v find_v in_o this_o kind_n of_o ship_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v with_o imprisonment_n at_o discretion_n for_o their_o rebellion_n it_o be_v account_v treason_n if_o any_o ship_n whatsoëver_o have_v not_o acknowledge_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o his_o own_o sea_n by_o strike_v sail_n and_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v protect_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o amity_n who_o shall_v in_o any_o wise_a presume_v to_o do_v the_o contrary_n penalty_n also_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o if_o mention_n be_v make_v concern_v a_o crime_n commit_v in_o some_o territory_n of_o his_o island_n a_o recognition_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n make_v by_o very_a many_o of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n round_o about_o in_o a_o ancient_a libel_n public_o exhibit_v or_o in_o a_o bill_n of_o complaint_n institute_v by_o they_o together_o with_o the_o english_a against_o reyner_n grimbald_n governor_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n also_o touch_v a_o recognition_n of_o this_o kind_n imply_v in_o his_o defence_n chap._n xxvii_o the_o other_o testimony_n concern_v the_o recognition_n of_o most_o foreign_a nation_n in_o this_o particular_a be_v that_o libel_n or_o bill_n of_o complaint_n heretofore_o institute_v by_o very_a many_o nation_n together_o wherein_o they_o unanimous_o declare_v the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o his_o predecessor_n to_o be_v lord_n of_o teh_a sea_n flow_v about_o and_o bring_v they_o to_o give_v a_o account_n in_o a_o court_n of_o judicature_n who_o presume_v to_o violate_v that_o right_n for_o the_o well_o understand_v whereof_o i_o shall_v relate_v the_o whole_a matter_n more_o at_o large_a a_o war_n be_v on_o foot_n between_o our_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o king_n philip_n the_o fair_a of_o france_n it_o be_v so_o conclude_v sometime_o by_o agreement_n that_o there_o may_v notwithstanding_o be_v a_o freedom_n of_o commerce_n on_o both_o side_n and_o so_o a_o truce_n with_o all_o merchant_n whatsoëver_o on_o either_o side_n but_o as_o to_o other_o thing_n hostility_n proceed_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n as_o it_o be_v wont_a betwixt_o both_o the_o nation_n this_o special_a kind_n of_o truce_n be_v call_v etc._n sufferentia_fw-la guerrae_fw-la sufferance_n of_o war_n and_o during_o war_n there_o be_v certain_a person_n appoint_v by_o both_o prince_n to_o take_v
a_o prohibition_n make_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o proclaim_v according_a to_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a three_o article_n of_o the_o treaty_n throughout_o his_o dominion_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o prohibition_n which_o forbid_v a_o give_v any_o relief_n to_o the_o french_a king_n enemy_n within_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o so_o endeavour_v to_o defend_v himself_o before_o the_o commissioner_n it_o be_v allege_v to_o be_v do_v to_o the_o great_a damage_n and_o prejudice_n both_o of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o of_o the_o prelate_n peer_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n who_o joint_o prefer_v the_o bill_n as_o aforesaid_a therefore_o they_o all_o with_o one_o consent_n pray_v that_o the_o person_n so_o imprison_v be_v set_v at_o liberty_n and_o restitution_n make_v of_o the_o good_n injurious_o take_v they_o may_v be_v refer_v to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n to_o who_o alone_o this_o kind_n of_o jurisdiction_n both_o in_o respect_n of_o thing_n and_o place_n as_o well_o as_o person_n do_v appertein_a and_o that_o by_o order_n of_o the_o commissioner_n reyner_n grimbald_n himself_o may_v be_v enjoin_v to_o repair_v the_o loss_n of_o the_o complainants_n in_o case_n he_o wear_v able_a to_o make_v satisfaction_n or_o otherwise_o that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o give_v he_o commission_n for_o that_o command_n may_v be_v adjudge_v to_o do_v the_o same_o but_o after_o reparation_n make_v that_o then_o also_o the_o say_a reyner_n may_v receiv_v such_o punishment_n for_o violate_v the_o league_n as_o may_v deter_v other_o from_o the_o like_a attempt_n in_o time_n to_o come_v now_o what_o be_v do_v by_o the_o commissioner_n be_v not_o very_o well_o know_v it_o seem_v it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o such_o moment_n that_o it_o be_v think_v more_o convenient_a to_o make_v a_o end_n by_o agreement_n than_o bring_v the_o matter_n to_o a_o trial_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n nothing_o be_v more_o evident_a than_o that_o a_o right_a of_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o ancient_a and_o confirm_v by_o long_a preseription_n be_v in_o express_a term_n here_o acknowledge_v by_o almost_o all_o the_o neighbor-nation_n to_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o so_o that_o he_o may_v at_o his_o own_o pleasure_n give_v protection_n and_o set_v law_n and_o limit_n to_o all_o that_o sail_v through_o this_o sea_n and_o use_v it_o in_o any_o manner_n whatsoever_o nor_o can_v this_o kind_n of_o right_o be_v alter_v or_o diminish_v by_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n between_o each_o other_o or_o by_o any_o right_n of_o war_n belong_v to_o other_o otherwise_o than_o in_o any_o other_o territory_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o fleming_n themselves_o betwixt_o who_o and_o the_o french_a there_o be_v a_o war_n on_o foot_n at_o that_o time_n be_v not_o nor_o can_v they_o right_o have_v be_v party_n in_o that_o charge_n or_o accusation_n for_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a league_n make_v between_o the_o english_a and_o french_a they_o be_v to_o assist_v one_o another_o by_o arm_n to_o defend_v each_o other_n be_v right_n so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o league_n the_o french_a king_n be_v permit_v to_o use_v the_o sea_n to_o infest_v the_o fleming_n be_v his_o enemy_n but_o not_o to_o intercept_v such_o as_o pass_v this_o way_n from_o any_o other_o nation_n or_o that_o be_v bind_v with_o merchandise_n for_o flanders_n and_o paulus_n 8._o aemilius_n speak_v of_o this_o very_a time_n say_v the_o french_a king_n threaten_v ruin_n to_o flanders_n the_o king_n of_o england_n protect_v the_o fleming_n for_o edward_n be_v so_o far_o only_o a_o friend_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n that_o yet_o he_o will_v not_o have_v the_o fleming_n ruin_v thus_o our_o king_n order_n the_o matter_n both_o as_o a_o defender_n of_o his_o own_o right_n and_o supreme_a moderator_n also_o of_o navigation_n in_o respect_n of_o other_o nor_o true_o be_v it_o to_o be_v omit_v that_o grimbald_n himself_o here_o be_v governor_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n do_v not_o only_o arrogate_v this_o power_n in_o this_o sea_n from_o the_o authority_n grant_v he_o by_o his_o king_n commission_n but_o in_o express_a term_n also_o make_v use_n of_o that_o prohibition_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n which_o be_v in_o force_n according_a to_o the_o three_o article_n of_o the_o say_a league_n thereby_o to_o defend_v himself_o as_o if_o he_o have_v also_o acknowledge_v that_o himself_o can_v not_o have_v lawful_o hold_v that_o office_n of_o admiralty_n in_o this_o sea_n without_o such_o a_o permission_n as_o he_o conceive_v himself_o to_o enjoy_v by_o virtue_n of_o that_o prohibition_n for_o by_o that_o prohibition_n it_o be_v require_v that_o no_o relief_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o the_o french_a king_n enemy_n nor_o any_o aid_n afford_v they_o within_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n that_o be_v per_fw-la my_o son_n poere_o which_o be_v the_o very_a word_n of_o grimbald_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o libel_n itself_o set_v down_o hereafter_o and_o so_o grimbald_n express_o object_v the_o authority_n of_o that_o prohibition_n together_o with_o the_o power_n of_o his_o master_n commission_n in_o defence_n of_o himself_o as_o if_o he_o have_v say_v i_o use_v this_o power_n it_o be_v give_v i_o by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o put_v i_o in_o command_n over_o his_o navy_n and_o affair_n belong_v to_o the_o sea_n but_o beside_o this_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v set_v forth_o his_o prohibition_n command_v that_o no_o kind_n of_o relief_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o any_o enemy_n of_o the_o french_a within_o his_o dominion_n according_a to_o the_o league_n make_v between_o both_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o see_v i_o have_v not_o take_v either_o the_o person_n or_o good_n of_o any_o but_o such_o as_o be_v enemy_n or_o at_o least_o such_o as_o according_a to_o the_o intervenient_a law_n of_o nation_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v upon_o a_o hostile_a account_n for_o doubtless_o he_o pretend_v that_o they_o be_v to_o be_v take_v as_o enemy_n of_o what_o nation_n soêver_o they_o be_v who_o relieve_v the_o fleming_n by_o merchandise_n or_o otherwise_o i_o conceiv_v it_o a_o sufficient_a ground_n of_o defence_n in_o my_o behalf_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n according_a to_o the_o league_n make_v do_v by_o public_a proclamation_n require_v that_o no_o succour_n or_o relief_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o the_o enemy_n of_o france_n in_o any_o part_n of_o his_o dominion_n upon_o which_o account_n not_o to_o these_o who_o i_o take_v at_o sea_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o in_o brief_a be_v this_o that_o grimbald_n do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o imagine_v that_o his_o office_n of_o admiralty_n or_o power_n give_v he_o by_o commission_n depend_v upon_o any_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n by_o sea_n but_o altogether_o upon_o the_o authority_n of_o his_o king_n commission_n the_o league_n and_o the_o king_n of_o england_n prohibition_n as_o if_o the_o english_a king_n have_v open_o declare_v by_o that_o league_n and_o prohibition_n that_o he_o will_v not_o take_v it_o for_o any_o injury_n to_o himself_o during_o that_o kind_n of_o league_n and_o prohibition_n although_o the_o french_a shall_v fall_v upon_o any_o of_o their_o enemy_n in_o his_o dominion_n or_o though_o they_o which_o be_v all_o one_o here_o shall_v be_v take_v in_o his_o sea_n by_o the_o french_a king_n officer_n certain_o unless_o you_o so_o understand_v grimbald_n i_o do_v not_o see_v wherefore_o he_o shall_v at_o all_o join_v that_o prohibition_n together_o with_o the_o king_n his_o master_n commission_n in_o defence_n of_o himself_o as_o it_o be_v express_v in_o the_o libel_n or_o why_o mention_n be_v make_v there_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n throughout_o which_o that_o prohibition_n be_v proclaim_v see_v the_o controversy_n arise_v touch_v thing_n do_v only_o by_o sea_n but_o if_o he_o be_v so_o to_o be_v understand_v certain_o than_o he_o do_v not_o only_o forbear_v to_o oppose_v the_o ancient_a right_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n but_o also_o sufficient_o acknowledge_v it_o while_o he_o seem_v to_o affirm_v that_o a_o temporary_a restriction_n only_o be_v add_v thereto_o by_o a_o accession_n of_o the_o league_n and_o the_o prohibition_n so_o that_o we_o have_v a_o tacit_n acknowledgement_n even_o of_o the_o french_a themselves_o at_o that_o time_n in_o this_o their_o admiral_n but_o how_o the_o principal_a point_n of_o the_o league_n ought_v to_o be_v expound_v it_o be_v no_o place_n here_o to_o discourse_n for_o we_o observe_v only_o that_o the_o sea_n dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v acknowledge_v in_o
there_o be_v no_o memorial_n to_o the_o contrary_a have_v be_v in_o peaceable_a possession_n of_o the_o sovereign_a lordship_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o of_o the_o isle_n within_o the_o same_o with_o power_n of_o make_v and_o establish_v law_n statute_n and_o prohibitions_n of_o people_n as_o well_o of_o other_o dominâ—â—ns_n as_o their_o 〈◊〉_d pass_v through_o the_o say_a sea_n and_o the_o saveraign_a guard_n thereof_o and_o also_o 〈…〉_o all_o manner_n of_o cognisance_n in_o cause_n and_o of_o do_v right_o aâ—d_v justice_n to_o high_a and_o low_a according_a to_o the_o say_a law_n statute_n ordinance_n and_o prohibition_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n which_o may_v appertein_a to_o the_o exercise_n of_o sovereign_a jurisdiction_n in_o the_o place_n aforesaid_a and_o whereas_o a._n de_fw-fr b._n depute_a admiral_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o all_o other_o admiral_n appoint_v by_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n and_o his_o ancestor_n heretofore_o kings_z of_o england_n of_o aâ—â—â—al_n and_o complaint_n make_v of_o they_o to_o their_o sovereign_n the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o default_n of_o justice_n or_o for_o evil_a judâ—â—â—nâ—_n aâ—d_n especial_o of_o make_v prohibition_n do_v justice_n and_o take_v surety_n of_o the_o peace_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o people_n use_v arm_n in_o the_o say_a sea_n or_o carry_v sâ—â—ps_n otherwise_o furnish_v and_o â—et_a forth_o thâ—â—_n merchantman_n use_v to_o be_v aâ—d_v in_o all_o other_o point_n where_o a_o man_n may_v have_v reasonable_a cause_n to_o suspect_v they_o of_o robbery_n or_o other_o â—…uors_n and_o whereas_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n of_o the_o say_a kingdom_n of_o england_n in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o say_a admiral_n have_v be_v in_o peaceable_a possession_n of_o take_v cognisance_n and_o judge_v of_o all_o â—_z do_v in_o the_o say_a sea_n between_o all_o manner_n of_o people_n according_a to_o the_o law_n statute_n prohibition_n and_o custom_n and_o whereas_o in_o the_o first_o article_n of_o the_o league_n late_o make_v between_o the_o say_a king_n in_o the_o treaty_n upon_o the_o last_o peace_n at_o paris_n there_o be_v comprise_v the_o word_n here_o follow_v in_o a_o schedule_n annex_v to_o these_o present_n but_o that_o which_o follow_v we_o be_v not_o write_v in_o a_o schedule_n annex_v but_o in_o the_o same_o parchment_n from_o whence_o it_o may_v perhaps_o be_v conjecture_v that_o these_o be_v not_o so_o much_o the_o very_a libel_n themselves_o which_o be_v exhibit_v to_o the_o commissioner_n or_o auditor_n as_o ancient_a copy_n take_v from_o the_o original_a as_o also_o from_o this_o that_o the_o name_n of_o the_o admiral_n be_v set_v down_o a._n de_fw-fr b._n which_o two_o first_o letter_n do_v not_o agree_v with_o the_o name_n of_o any_o one_o that_o we_o can_v find_v in_o record_n to_o have_v be_v admiral_n of_o england_n at_o that_o time_n first_o it_o be_v conclude_v and_o accord_v between_o we_o and_o the_o agent_n and_o procurator_n aforesaid_a in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o say_a king_n that_o the_o say_v king_n shall_v from_o this_o time_n forward_o become_v to_o each_o other_o good_a true_a and_o faithful_a friend_n and_o be_v aid_v to_o one_o another_o against_o all_o man_n save_v the_o church_n of_o rome_n in_o such_o manner_n that_o if_o any_o one_o or_o more_o whosoever_o they_o be_v shall_v intend_v to_o disturb_v hinder_v or_o molest_v the_o say_v king_n in_o the_o franchise_n liberty_n privilege_n right_n and_o custom_n of_o they_o and_o their_o kingdom_n they_o shall_v be_v good_a and_o faithful_a friend_n to_o each_o other_o and_o aid_v against_o all_o man_n live_v and_o ready_a to_o die_v to_o defend_v keep_v and_o maintain_v the_o franchise_n liberty_n privilege_n right_n and_o custom_n aforesaid_a except_o on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n john_n duke_n of_o brabant_n in_o brabant_n and_o his_o heir_n descend_v from_o he_o and_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o except_o on_o the_o behalf_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o say_a king_n of_o france_n the_o excellent_a prince_n mounseur_fw-fr albert_n king_n of_o almaign_n and_o his_o heir_n king_n of_o almaign_a and_o mounseur_fw-fr john_n earl_n of_o henault_n in_o henault_n and_o that_o the_o one_o shall_v not_o be_v of_o counsel_n nor_o aid_v where_o the_o other_o may_v lose_v life_n member_n estate_n or_o honour_n mounseur_fw-fr reyner_n grimbald_n master_n of_o the_o navy_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o france_n who_o call_v himself_o admiral_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n be_v depute_v by_o his_o aforesaid_a lord_n in_o his_o war_n against_o the_o fleming_n do_v after_o the_o say_a league_n make_v and_o confirm_v against_o the_o tenor_n and_o obligation_n of_o the_o say_a league_n and_o the_o intent_n of_o they_o that_o make_v it_o wrongful_o assume_v and_o exercise_v the_o office_n of_o admiralty_n in_o the_o say_a sea_n of_o england_n above_o the_o space_n of_o a_o year_n by_o commission_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o france_n take_v the_o people_n and_o merchant_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o of_o other_o place_n pass_v through_o the_o say_a sea_n with_o their_o good_n and_o commit_v they_o so_o take_v to_o the_o prison_n of_o his_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o deliver_v their_o good_n and_o merchandise_n to_o the_o receiver_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o france_n by_o he_o depute_v in_o the_o port_n of_o his_o say_a kingdom_n as_o forfeit_v and_o due_a unto_o he_o to_o remain_v at_o his_o judgement_n and_o award_n and_o the_o take_n and_o detain_v of_o the_o say_a people_n with_o their_o say_a good_n as_o also_o his_o say_a judgement_n &_o award_n for_o the_o forfeiture_n &_o acquest_n of_o they_o he_o have_v justify_v before_o you_o lord_n auditor_n in_o write_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o authority_n of_o his_o say_a commission_n of_o admiralty_n aforesaid_a by_o he_o usurp_v after_o this_o manner_n and_o during_o a_o prohibition_n or_o restraint_n general_o make_v and_o proclaim_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o right_a of_o his_o dominion_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o three_o article_n of_o the_o league_n aforesaid_a which_o contain_n the_o word_n above-written_a require_v that_o he_o may_v thereupon_o be_v acquit_v and_o discharge_v of_o the_o same_o to_o the_o great_a damage_n and_o prejudice_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n and_o of_o the_o prelate_n &_o noble_n &_o other_o abovementioned_a wherefore_o the_o say_a procurator_n in_o the_o name_n of_o their_o say_a lord_n do_v pray_v your_o lordship_n auditor_n that_o you_o will_v cause_v due_a and_o speedy_a deliverance_n of_o the_o say_a people_n with_o their_o good_n and_o merchandise_n so_o take_v and_o detain_v to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o admiral_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n to_o who_o the_o cognisance_n of_o the_o same_o of_o right_n appertain_v as_o be_v before_o express_v so_o that_o without_o disturbance_n from_o you_o or_o any_o other_o he_o may_v take_v cognisance_n thereof_o and_o do_v what_o belong_v to_o his_o office_n aforesaid_a and_o the_o say_v mounseur_fw-fr reyner_n be_v condemn_v and_o constrain_v to_o make_v satisfaction_n for_o all_o the_o say_a damage_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o he_o shall_v be_v able_a and_o in_o his_o default_n his_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n of_o france_n by_o who_o he_o be_v depute_v to_o the_o say_a office_n and_o that_o after_o satisfaction_n give_v for_o the_o say_a damage_n the_o say_v mounseur_fw-fr reyner_n may_v be_v so_o due_o punish_v for_o the_o violation_n of_o the_o say_a league_n that_o his_o punishment_n may_v be_v a_o example_n to_o other_o in_o time_n to_o come_v so_o far_o the_o libel_n of_o so_o many_o nation_n manifest_o acknowledge_v the_o sovereignty_n and_o dominion_n of_o our_o king_n over_o the_o sea_n and_o thereupon_o demand_v protection_n for_o themselves_o and_o whereas_o no_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o this_o thing_n in_o the_o history_n either_o of_o the_o french_a english_a or_o other_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n since_o the_o proceed_n of_o court_n of_o judicature_n be_v very_o seldom_o set_v down_o in_o historiâ—â—_n but_o we_o understand_v by_o the_o french_a history_n that_o this_o griâ—bald_n be_v gouâ—â—â—or_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n at_o the_o very_a same_o time_n paulus_n aemiliuâ—_n write_v of_o philip_n the_o fair_a say_v 8._o he_o hire_v sixteen_o galley_n from_o genoa_n â—ver_v which_o reyner_n grimbald_n be_v governor_n or_o commander_n he_o sail_v about_o by_o sea_n infest_a the_o sea-coast_n of_o flanders_n regimerus_n reginâ—rus_n or_o reynerus_n grimbaldus_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o man_n and_o among_o the_o genoêse_n there_o be_v a_o eminent_a family_n of_o that_o name_n but_o because_o he_o be_v a_o foreiner_n and_o mercenary_a therefore_o it_o seem_v joannes_n feronius_n leave_v
what_o have_v be_v already_o speak_v and_o from_o hence_o perhaps_o it_o be_v that_o the_o more_o ancient_a arm_n of_o the_o king_n of_o man_n be_v a_o ship_n with_o a_o sail_n fold_v together_o and_o this_o inscription_n add_v rex_fw-la manniae_fw-la &_o insularum_fw-la king_n of_o man_n &_o of_o the_o isle_n as_o m_n r_o 847._o camden_n observ'_v from_o their_o sail_n for_o the_o three_o leg_n of_o humane_a shape_n now_o every_o where_o know_v be_v but_o of_o late_a time_n but_o afterward_o when_o ireland_n be_v subdue_v by_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o king_n john_n and_o reginald_n king_n of_o man_n dorso_fw-la bring_v into_o the_o power_n of_o king_n john_n the_o english_a possess_v this_o sea_n at_o that_o time_n with_o a_o very_a numerous_a navy_n there_o be_v no_o reason_n at_o all_o to_o doubt_v but_o that_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n round_o about_o be_v take_v also_o into_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a for_o in_o that_o age_n the_o king_n of_o man_n be_v no_o absolute_a prince_n but_o be_v subdue_v he_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n &_o yield_v under_o his_o subjection_n but_o in_o a_o short_a time_n after_o alexander_n the_o three_o 13._o king_n of_o scot_n annex_v it_o to_o the_o dominion_n of_o scotland_n and_o put_v in_o a_o governor_n who_o be_v to_o assist_v he_o upon_o occasion_n with_o thirteen_o galley_n &_o five_o hundred_o seaman_n he_o recover_v the_o hebrides_n also_o by_o drive_v out_o the_o norwegian_n &_o transmit_v it_o to_o his_o posterity_n then_o man_n return_v again_o to_o the_o english_a who_o enjoy_v ireland_n a_o long_a time_n together_o with_o it_o &_o that_o sea-territory_n but_o the_o king_n of_o the_o hebrides_n and_o of_o scotland_n enjoy_v the_o northern_a part_n of_o this_o western_a sea_n after_o that_o they_o have_v expel_v the_o norwegian_n who_o be_v lord_n here_o of_o the_o sea_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o as_o scotland_n england_n this_o isle_n of_o man_n the_o hebrides_n and_o ireland_n with_o other_o adjacent_a isle_n so_o even_o the_o vergivian_n and_o deucaledonian_n sea_n itself_o wash_v the_o west_n of_o scotland_n and_o surround_v these_o isle_n with_o wind_n and_o turn_n ought_v now_o also_o to_o be_v account_v the_o ancient_a patrimony_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n but_o there_o be_v moreover_o in_o the_o more_o westerly_a part_n of_o this_o open_a and_o main_a sea_n another_o right_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o that_o of_o a_o very_a large_a extent_n upon_o the_o shore_n of_o america_n whenas_o s_n r_o humfery_n gilbert_n knight_n do_v by_o authority_n of_o queen_n elisabeth_n transport_v a_o colony_n into_o the_o new_a world_n with_o design_n to_o recover_v certain_a land_n in_o the_o east_n part_n of_o the_o northern_a america_n which_o of_o right_o belong_v to_o the_o english_a dominion_n the_o queen_n be_v by_o he_o as_o her_o procurator_n put_v into_o a_o possession_n for_o ever_o to_o be_v hold_v by_o she_o and_o her_o heir_n both_o of_o the_o port_n call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o s_o t_o john_n which_o be_v in_o the_o island_n of_o baccalaos_n and_o also_o of_o the_o whole_a sea_n as_o well_o as_o land_n on_o every_o side_n 151._o for_o the_o space_n of_o six_o hundred_o mile_n then_o he_o receive_v this_o new_a kingdom_n of_o the_o queen_n as_o her_o beneficiarie_n have_v a_o branch_n and_o a_o turf_n deliver_v in_o his_o hand_n according_a to_o the_o usual_a ceremony_n of_o england_n in_o transfer_v the_o ownership_n of_o land_n and_o possession_n nor_o true_o be_v it_o necessary_a that_o he_o shall_v otherwise_o get_v the_o possession_n from_o whence_o this_o dominion_n of_o the_o queen_n and_o her_o posterity_n have_v its_o original_a for_o as_o paulus_n say_v well_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n that_o he_o who_o dom._n intend_v to_o take_v possession_n of_o a_o field_n shall_v walk_v about_o the_o whole_a but_o it_o be_v sufficient_a if_o he_o enter_v any_o part_n of_o that_o field_n so_o long_o as_o he_o do_v it_o with_o a_o mind_n thought_n and_o intent_n to_o possess_v the_o field_n to_o its_o utmost_a extent_n and_o bind_v which_o say_v may_v relate_v to_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o land_n that_o be_v never_o take_v into_o possession_n so_o that_o as_o agrorum_fw-la siculus_n flaccus_n treat_v of_o occupatorie_a land_n say_v man_n do_v not_o possess_v so_o much_o land_n as_o they_o be_v able_a to_o till_o but_o they_o reserve_v as_o much_o as_o they_o be_v in_o hope_n they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o till_o the_o like_a also_o may_v be_v say_v of_o a_o sea_n so_o take_v into_o possession_n look_v how_o much_o be_v reserve_v in_o hope_n of_o use_v and_o enjoy_v so_o much_o also_o be_v bound_v but_o perhaps_o the_o first_o original_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o this_o main_a sea_n of_o america_n do_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o possession_n that_o be_v acquire_v by_o gilbert_n he_o rather_o restore_v and_o enlarge_v the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n here_o for_o that_o island_n call_v baccalaos_n be_v add_v to_o the_o english_a empire_n by_o 7._o sebastian_n chabot_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o seven_o and_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o afterward_o it_o grow_v to_o be_v a_o custom_n for_o the_o officer_n belong_v to_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n in_o who_o charge_n be_v all_o the_o sea_n subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n as_o king_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n to_o demand_v tribute_n of_o such_o as_o fish_v also_o in_o this_o sea_n which_o be_v i_o suppose_v a_o most_o evident_a token_n of_o the_o king_n dominion_n but_o it_o be_v 6._o provide_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o six_o that_o no_o tribute_n of_o that_o kind_n to_o the_o grievance_n of_o fisherman_n shall_v be_v pay_v any_o long_a how_o far_o our_o english_a colony_n late_o transport_v into_o america_n have_v possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o sea_n there_o i_o have_v as_o yet_o make_v but_o little_a enquiry_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o the_o scotish_n sea_n especial_o towards_o the_o east_n and_o north._n chap._n xxxi_o those_o particular_n which_o be_v cite_v before_o out_o of_o the_o 6._o proclamation_n of_o james_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n about_o the_o prohibition_n of_o fish_v relate_v as_o well_o to_o the_o scotish_n sea_n on_o every_o side_n from_o whence_o also_o you_o must_v acknowledge_v their_o possession_n have_v be_v retain_v together_o with_o a_o ancient_a sea-dominion_n that_o be_v to_o say_v all_o foreiner_n be_v prohibit_v to_o fish_n in_o these_o sea_n without_o leave_v first_o obtain_v at_o edinburgh_n and_o in_o those_o scotish_n act_n of_o parliament_n they_o be_v not_o so_o much_o new_a law_n make_v as_o old_a one_o revive_v whereby_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o all_o manner_n of_o 86._o fischere_n that_o occupy_v the_o sea_n and_o uthere_n person_n quhat_o sumever_o that_o happenis_n to_o slay_v hear_a or_o quihte_a fish_n upon_o the_o coast_n or_o within_o the_o isle_n or_o out_o with_o the_o samen_n within_o the_o frithes_n bring_v they_o to_o free_a port_n etc._n etc._n where_o they_o may_v be_v sell_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o same_o kingdom_n quhairby_o his_o majesty_n custom_n be_v not_o defraud_v and_o his_o hienes_n liege_n not_z frustrate_v of_o the_o commodity_n appoint_v to_o they_o be_v god_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o confiscation_n and_o tynsel_n of_o the_o veschelle_n of_o they_o that_o cume_v in_o the_o contrair_a hereof_o and_o escheit_v of_o all_o their_o movable_a gudde_n to_o our_o sovereign_n lord_n use_v so_o that_o use_n and_o benefit_n be_v claim_v hence_o by_o a_o special_a right_n in_o that_o sea_n otherwise_o true_o that_o use_n and_o be_v fit_n will_v of_o right_n no_o more_o appertein_a either_o to_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n or_o his_o subject_n than_o to_o any_o other_o whomsoêver_o but_o the_o law_n be_v make_v concern_v all_o fisherman_n as_o well_o stranger_n as_o scotchman_n as_o be_v ordain_v by_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o that_o kingdom_n who_o so_o well_o understand_v both_o the_o king_n be_v right_a and_o also_o their_o own_o as_o subordinate_a to_o the_o king_n by_o tradition_n from_o their_o ancestor_n or_o by_o long-continued_a possession_n and_o dominion_n that_o there_o remain_v not_o the_o least_o ground_n of_o scruple_n touch_v that_o business_n and_o a_o scotish_n lawyer_n speak_v about_o fish_v in_o the_o eastern_a sea_n of_o scotland_n i_o can_v say_v 3_o he_o omit_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o in_o the_o past_a age_n after_o a_o most_o bloody_a quarrel_n between_o the_o scot_n and_o hollander_n about_o occasion_n belong_v to_o the_o sea_n the_o matter_n be_v compose_v after_o this_o manner_n that_o in_o time_n to_o