that_o law_n whereby_o that_o court_n proceed_v be_v nothing_o inferior_a in_o point_n of_o antiquity_n to_o the_o jurisdiction_n itself_o the_o style_n of_o that_o court_n in_o that_o point_n of_o practice_n be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o court_n itself_o and_o whereas_o the_o right_a of_o take_v such_o stipulation_n for_o appearance_n and_o performance_n of_o the_o act_n order_n judgement_n and_o decree_n of_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n have_v not_o be_v without_o contradiction_n upon_o the_o foresay_a ground_n that_o the_o say_a court_n be_v no_o court_n of_o record_n it_o do_v plain_o appear_v by_o a_o record_n of_o good_a antiquity_n and_o with_o the_o learned_a mr._n selden_n of_o good_a authority_n that_o the_o say_a court_n be_v a_o court_n of_o record_n 24._o and_o if_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n be_v discharacter_v as_o no_o court_n of_o record_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o proceed_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o will_v thence_o seem_v to_o be_v employ_v as_o if_o no_o part_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v any_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n it_o be_v not_o conceal_v from_o the_o world_n by_o a_o person_n of_o no_o less_o honour_n than_o knowledge_n in_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n that_o the_o imperial_a or_o roman_a law_n be_v in_o some_o case_n the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n 6._o this_o worthy_a author_n speak_v of_o the_o right_n of_o prerogative_n in_o absolute_a king_n and_o prince_n as_o to_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n do_v upon_o that_o occasion_n in_o the_o forecited_n place_n declare_v himself_o in_o haec_fw-la verba_fw-la forasmuch_o as_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v law_n in_o all_o kingdom_n and_o the_o law-merchant_n be_v also_o a_o branch_n os_fw-la that_o law_n and_o likewise_o the_o imperial_a and_o roman_a law_n have_v be_v ever_o admit_v have_v receive_v by_o the_o king_n and_o people_n of_o england_n in_o cause_n concern_v merchant_n and_o merchandize_n and_o so_o be_v become_v the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n in_o these_o case_n why_o shall_v not_o this_o question_n of_o imposition_n be_v examine_v and_o decide_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o those_o law_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o same_o do_v concern_v merchant_n and_o merchandize_n as_o well_o as_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o our_o customary_a or_o common_a law_n of_o england_n especial_o because_o the_o rule_n of_o those_o other_o law_n be_v well_o know_v to_o the_o other_o nation_n with_o who_o we_o have_v commerce_n whereas_o the_o rule_n of_o our_o own_o municipal_a law_n be_v only_o know_v within_o our_o island_n what_o this_o worthy_a author_n here_o speak_v of_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o england_n as_o to_o this_o point_n of_o imposition_n by_o the_o king_n on_o merchandize_n be_v applicable_a in_o any_o case_n of_o navigation_n naval_a negotiation_n or_o other_o affair_n proper_o relate_v to_o merchant_n or_o mariner_n within_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n and_o the_o same_o learned_a author_n in_o another_o place_n 4._o when_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n be_v gentium_fw-la domina_fw-la &_o civitas_n illa_fw-la magna_fw-la quae_fw-la regnabat_fw-la super_fw-la reges_fw-la terrae_fw-la the_o roman_a civil_a law_n be_v communicate_v unto_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o that_o empire_n become_v the_o common_a law_n as_o it_o be_v of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o inhabit_a world_n etc._n etc._n and_o again_o in_o the_o same_o place_n all_o marine_a and_o sea-cause_n which_o do_v arise_v for_o the_o most_o part_n concern_v merchant_n and_o merchandize_n cross_v the_o sea_n our_o king_n have_v ever_o use_v the_o roman_a civil_a law_n for_o the_o decide_n and_o determine_v thereof_o thus_o far_o go_v the_o say_v worthy_a author_n in_o this_o point_n it_o be_v most_o true_a the_o civil_a law_n in_o england_n be_v not_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n but_o the_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n great_a britain_n and_o the_o dominion_n thereof_o comprise_v the_o adjacent_a sea_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n the_o law_n by_o which_o the_o high_a admiralty_n of_o england_n proceed_v be_v in_o all_o cause_n cognizable_a in_o that_o jurisdiction_n allow_v own_a and_o receive_v by_o prince_n and_o people_n sovereign_a and_o subject_a seem_v to_o be_v a_o law_n of_o england_n though_o not_o the_o law_n of_o england_n not_o the_o land-law_n but_o the_o sea-law_n of_o england_n for_o as_o in_o matter_n terrene_a and_o in_o land-affair_n it_o be_v proper_a to_o say_v infra_fw-la corpus_fw-la comitatus_fw-la so_o in_o matter_n maritime_a and_o sea-affair_n it_o be_v no_o less_o proper_a to_o say_v sur_fw-fr le_fw-fr hout_n mere_a the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n be_v one_o of_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o england_n which_o ever_o imply_v a_o law_n to_o proceed_v by_o that_o can_v be_v but_o of_o that_o place_n whereof_o the_o jurisdiction_n itself_o be_v it_o neither_o may_v nor_o aught_o to_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o for_o the_o take_a recognizance_n against_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n prohibition_n have_v be_v grant_v yet_o possible_o it_o may_v not_o thence_o by_o a_o necessary_a concludency_n follow_v that_o the_o high_a court_n of_o admiralty_n in_o take_v stipulation_n for_o judicial_a appearance_n or_o performance_n of_o the_o act_n and_o order_n of_o the_o court_n vel_fw-la judicio_fw-la sisti_fw-la vel_fw-la judicatum_fw-la solvi_fw-la and_o this_o according_a to_o that_o law_n whereby_o it_o be_v to_o proceed_v be_v involve_v under_o such_o a_o guilt_n of_o transgression_n against_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o eo_fw-la nomine_fw-la to_o incur_v a_o prohibition_n which_o if_o grantable_a upon_o every_o such_o recognizance_n or_o stipulation_n for_o appearance_n and_o performance_n of_o the_o act_n and_o judgement_n of_o the_o court_n without_o which_o it_o can_v proceed_v according_a to_o law_n there_o can_v then_o be_v no_o suit_n or_o action_n depend_v in_o the_o high_a admiralty_n of_o england_n be_v it_o for_o place_n nature_n or_o quality_n in_o itself_o never_o so_o maritime_a and_o of_o undoubted_a admiral_n cognizance_n but_o must_v be_v subject_a and_o liable_a to_o a_o prohibition_n and_o consequent_o to_o a_o removal_n from_o its_o proper_a jurisdiction_n ad_fw-la aliud_fw-la examen_fw-la to_o the_o great_a grievance_n of_o merchant_n and_o mariner_n and_o other_o the_o good_a people_n of_o these_o his_o majesty_n dominion_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o multiplicity_n of_o suit_n protelation_n of_o justice_n excess_n of_o judicial_a expense_n together_o with_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o jurisdiction_n and_o all_o as_o the_o unavoidable_a consequence_n of_o such_o prohibition_n chap._n xi_o of_o charter_n party_n make_v on_o the_o land_n and_o other_o thing_n do_v beneath_o the_o first_o bridge_n next_o to_o the_o sea_n vel_fw-la infra_fw-la fluxum_fw-la &_o refluxum_fw-la maris_fw-la and_o how_o far_o these_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v cognizable_a in_o the_o admiralty_n touch_v this_o subject_a it_o have_v be_v assert_v that_o if_o a_o charter-party_n be_v make_v within_o any_o city_n port-town_n or_o county_n of_o this_o realm_n although_o it_o be_v to_o be_v perform_v upon_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n yet_o be_v the_o same_o to_o be_v try_v and_o determine_v in_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o not_o in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n objection_n this_o be_v exclusive_a as_o to_o the_o admiralty_n in_o matter_n of_o charter-party_n make_v upon_o the_o land_n but_o yet_o it_o be_v agree_v and_o resolve_v hill_n 8._o car._n upon_o the_o case_n of_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n that_o though_o the_o charter-party_n happen_v to_o be_v make_v within_o the_o realm_n so_o as_o the_o penalty_n be_v not_o demand_v a_o prohibition_n be_v not_o to_o be_v grant_v jurisdiction_n be_v it_o otherwise_o or_o that_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n may_v not_o take_v cognizance_n of_o such_o maritime_a contract_n though_o make_v on_o land_n then_o by_o thereunto_o add_v what_o be_v former_o observe_v out_o of_o the_o same_o place_n objection_n viz._n that_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n have_v not_o any_o jurisdiction_n of_o any_o contract_v make_v beyond_o sea_n for_o do_v of_o any_o act_n within_o this_o realm_n or_o otherwise_o wherein_o the_o common_a law_n can_v administer_v justice_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o if_o according_a to_o the_o one_o of_o these_o assertion_n such_o maritime_a contract_n when_o make_v upon_o the_o land_n though_o to_o be_v perform_v upon_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n may_v not_o be_v try_v or_o determine_v in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n and_o when_o according_a to_o the_o other_o of_o these_o assertion_n make_v beyond_o the_o sea_n for_o do_v of_o any_o act_n within_o this_o realm_n etc._n etc._n the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n have_v not_o any_o juriidiction_n thereof_o in_o such_o caâ—e_n it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v that_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n
then_o that_o only_o whence_o pontus_n become_v a_o word_n use_v for_o the_o sea_n in_o general_a though_o prometheus_n according_a to_o aeschilus_n the_o attic_a poet_n do_v challenge_v all_o the_o glory_n of_o this_o art_n of_o navigation_n to_o himself_o who_o among_o other_o who_o boast_v themselves_o as_o admiralty_n author_n of_o this_o art_n the_o rhodian_n envy_v presume_v to_o give_v law_n and_o to_o prescribe_v the_o rule_n of_o naval_a discipline_n in_o order_n to_o the_o better_a government_n of_o maritime_a affair_n 2._o which_o be_v now_o occasional_o introduce_v into_o the_o world_n by_o this_o art_n of_o navigation_n which_o law_n be_v find_v disperse_v among_o the_o several_a title_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n by_o command_n from_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n this_o island_n of_o rhodes_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a or_o carpathian_n sea_n be_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o their_o ship_n and_o great_a commerce_n rhodiae_fw-la no_o less_o famous_a for_o their_o sea-law_n then_o for_o their_o monstrous_a colossus_n the_o one_o be_v no_o less_o the_o wonder_n of_o reason_n in_o the_o infancy_n of_o trade_n than_o the_o other_o of_o art_n though_o that_o the_o great_a of_o the_o seven_o in_o all_o the_o world_n this_o appear_v by_o that_o memorable_a and_o know_a passage_n of_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n pius_n who_o in_o answer_n unto_o eudemon_n complaint_n concern_v the_o seizure_n of_o his_o ship-broken_a good_n by_o the_o customer_n of_o the_o cyclides_n in_o the_o archipelago_n refer_v he_o for_o justice_n to_o the_o rhodean_a law_n profess_v that_o although_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o world_n yet_o the_o law_n be_v of_o the_o sea_n rhod._n to_o which_o rhodian_a law_n several_a other_o emperor_n as_o tiberias_n hadrian_n vespasian_n trajan_n lucius_n septimius_n severus_n and_o other_o do_v refer_v all_o maritime_a controversy_n rhod._n yea_o for_o many_o hundred_o of_o year_n the_o mediterranean_a and_o most_o part_n of_o the_o christian_a ocean_n where_o any_o trassick_n or_o commerce_n be_v subscribe_v to_o the_o law_n of_o rhodes_n in_o the_o decision_n of_o all_o matter_n of_o admiral_n cognizance_n but_o some_o there_o be_v who_o by_o no_o mean_n will_v admit_v that_o the_o rhodian_n shall_v thus_o monopolise_v the_o glory_n of_o advance_v the_o common_a interest_n of_o mankind_n as_o if_o the_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v bear_v into_o the_o world_n only_o by_o their_o obstetricy_n and_o therefore_o will_v have_v the_o origination_n of_o the_o sea-law_n attribute_v to_o the_o phaenician_o who_o as_o they_o be_v by_o some_o account_v the_o author_n of_o arithmetic_n and_o astronomy_n so_o also_o of_o navigation_n whence_o be_v that_o prima_fw-la ratem_fw-la ventis_fw-la credre_fw-la docta_fw-la tibullus_n tyrus_n they_o be_v the_o first_o that_o take_v the_o observation_n of_o the_o north-star_n in_o supplement_n of_o that_o naval_a mystery_n these_o phaenician_o who_o come_v with_o cadmus_n into_o greece_n as_o they_o civilise_v the_o grecian_n by_o their_o science_n and_o other_o literature_n terpsi_fw-la so_o they_o exceed_o debauch_v they_o by_o their_o luxury_n and_o insatiable_a avarice_n which_o together_o with_o their_o ware_n and_o merchandise_n they_o first_o import_v into_o greece_n 15._o these_o be_v they_o that_o transport_v io_n whence_o the_o jonean_a sea_n be_v so_o call_v out_o of_o greece_n into_o egypt_n and_o be_v the_o first_o that_o descry_v the_o two_o pole_n 1._o this_o phoenicia_n be_v the_o sea-coast_n of_o syria_n 16._o the_o greek_n call_v this_o sea-coast_n phoenicia_n but_o the_o hebrew_n call_v it_o chanaan_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n chananite_n 5._o dionysius_n also_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o phoenician_n be_v the_o first_o mariner_n merchant_n and_o astronomer_n vers_n and_o tyrus_n the_o maritine_n metropolis_n thereof_o who_o trade_n and_o commerce_n be_v so_o great_a and_o remarkable_a in_o that_o aera_fw-la from_o adam_n and_o consequent_o her_o pride_n and_o luxury_n that_o less_o than_o two_o whole_a chapter_n of_o the_o sacred_a record_n will_v not_o suffice_v 27._o to_o describe_v the_o vastness_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o other_o this_o city_n tyrus_n be_v there_o style_v a_o merchant_n all_o who_o 3._o ship_n be_v make_v of_o fir_n their_o mast_n of_o cedar_n their_o oar_n of_o bashan_n oak_n the_o hatch_n of_o ivory_n the_o waste_v clothes_n vane_n flag_n and_o pendant_n of_o purple_a and_o scarlet_a the_o common_a mariner_n be_v the_o zidonean_n 9_o and_o inhabitant_n of_o arvad_n their_o calker_n be_v the_o ancient_n of_o geball_n and_o their_o steers-man_n or_o pilot_n where_o the_o wise_a man_n of_o tyrus_n to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o caria_n in_o asia_n minor_n for_o it_o be_v upon_o good_a record_n of_o history_n that_o these_o also_o be_v ancient_o repute_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o also_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o corinth_n likewise_o the_o people_n of_o aegina_n one_o of_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o cyclades_n and_o of_o egypt_n all_o these_o respective_o have_v challenge_v to_o themselves_o this_o honourable_a invention_n of_o the_o art_n of_o navigation_n 1._o but_o the_o first_o that_o invent_v ship_n on_o the_o red_a sea_n &_o sail_v thereon_o be_v say_v to_o be_v king_n erythrus_n whence_o the_o red_a sea_n take_v its_o name_n of_o erythreum_fw-la mare_fw-la erythrus_n there_o be_v other_o who_o ascribe_v this_o art_n of_o navigation_n to_o the_o carthaginian_n 7._o this_o seem_v to_o have_v more_o than_o fumum_fw-la probationis_fw-la in_o it_o for_o that_o these_o poeni_n or_o carthaginian_n original_o be_v phoeni_n or_o phoenician_n nig._n it_o be_v most_o undeniable_a that_o their_o naval_a discovery_n attempt_v by_o hanno_n ramus_n by_o hamilco_n and_o other_o carthaginian_n be_v no_o less_o famous_a upon_o historical_a record_n nig._n than_o their_o three_o great_a though_o unfortunate_a bella_fw-la punica_fw-la maritima_n when_o hannibal_n himself_o be_v lord_n high_a admiral_n which_o begin_v in_o the_o 158_o olympiad_n and_o conclude_v with_o the_o sad_a catastrophe_n of_o that_o famous_a city_n of_o carthage_n than_o 700_o year_n old_a in_o the_o last_o year_n of_o the_o 158_o olympiad_n alii_fw-la whereby_o rome_n by_o her_o conquest_n lose_v the_o glory_n of_o a_o competitor_n for_o the_o world_n empire_n now_o when_o the_o roman_a empire_n which_o be_v so_o common_o mistake_v for_o the_o beast_n with_o ten_o horn_n mention_v in_o the_o prophet_n daniel_n 20._o with_o tooth_n of_o iron_n and_o nail_n of_o brass_n which_o in_o truth_n be_v mean_v of_o the_o syrian_a monarchy_n under_o the_o seleucidae_n so_o call_v from_o seleucus_n 1651._o nicanor_n be_v shatter_v and_o dilacerate_v whereby_o a_o very_a dark_a and_o dismal_a eclipse_n ensue_v general_o on_o all_o law_n necessity_n then_o which_o have_v no_o law_n occasion_v new_a law_n and_o bad_a manner_n at_o sea_n beget_v good_a law_n on_o land_n yet_o not_o so_o much_o a_o creation_n of_o new_a law_n that_o never_o be_v before_o as_o a_o reviver_n or_o resurrection_n of_o the_o former_a out_o of_o the_o cinder_n of_o that_o fall_v empire_n together_o with_o such_o additional_n as_o time_n experience_n and_o negotiation_n have_v administer_v occasion_n for_o especial_o to_o such_o part_n of_o the_o world_n as_o by_o their_o neighbourhood_n to_o the_o sea_n be_v most_o conversant_a in_o naval_a expedition_n and_o maritime_a affair_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o supplement_n of_o the_o forementioned_a sea-law_n all_o the_o chief_a town_n of_o commerce_n and_o traffic_n on_o the_o mediterranean_a contribute_v special_a sea-constitution_n and_o ordinance_n of_o zamerano_n their_o own_o for_o the_o better_a regulation_n of_o all_o maritime_a occurrency_n such_o be_v the_o sea-law_n publish_v by_o divers_a emperor_n of_o rome_n also_o by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o pisa_n by_o the_o genuise_n by_o those_o of_o messene_n in_o peliponesus_n of_o marselleis_n venice_n constantinople_n arragon_n by_o the_o massilite_n barcelonian_n and_o other_o mare_fw-la as_o also_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n nigh_o 500_o year_n now_o receive_v by_o most_o of_o the_o christian_a world_n special_o the_o mediterranean_a as_o the_o legal_a standard_n of_o all_o naval_a discipline_n and_o for_o decision_n of_o all_o maritime_a controversy_n for_o the_o rhodian_a law_n be_v grow_v somewhat_o superannuated_a and_o obsolete_a these_o law_n of_o oleron_n succeed_v the_o other_o and_o be_v publish_v in_o that_o isle_n then_o belong_v to_o the_o duchy_n of_o aquitane_n by_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o at_o his_o return_n from_o the_o holy_a land_n in_o the_o five_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o say_a isle_n at_o that_o time_n be_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o to_o the_o original_a of_o the_o sovereign_a command_n at_o sea_n in_o the_o infancy_n of_o time_n though_o very_o uncertain_a yet_o divers_a nation_n among_o which_o chief_o the_o assyrian_n macedonian_n persian_n egyptian_n
in_o decide_v all_o maritime_a controversy_n insomuch_o that_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n who_o though_o imperious_a enough_o in_o style_v himself_n totius_fw-la mundi_fw-la dominus_fw-la yet_o in_o all_o nautical_a controversy_n subscribe_v to_o the_o rhodian_a law_n acknowledge_v that_o though_o himself_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o world_n yet_o the_o other_o be_v of_o the_o sea_n jactâ—_n there_o be_v also_o very_o ancient_a law_n make_v and_o publish_v by_o those_o of_o rhodes_n who_o be_v most_o expâ—rt_a at_o sea_n as_o well_o touch_v navigation_n as_o merchant-affair_n where_o the_o use_n thereof_o be_v of_o no_o less_o consequence_n unto_o then_o of_o antiquity_n in_o that_o mediterranean_a isle_n distinct_a the_o assertion_n upon_o historical_a record_n touch_v the_o excellency_n of_o their_o sea-law_n their_o incomparable_a skill_n in_o navigation_n and_o the_o trophy_n of_o their_o naval_a victory_n be_v almost_o incredible_a 186._o but_o this_o so_o famous_a isle_n be_v at_o length_n reduce_v from_o the_o glory_n of_o a_o splendid_a to_o the_o eclipse_n of_o a_o decay_a merchant_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o many_o eruption_n and_o incursion_n make_v thereon_o by_o several_a nation_n special_o by_o the_o turk_n a_o little_a before_o the_o reign_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a when_o about_o the_o same_o time_n the_o turk_n also_o possess_v themselves_o of_o several_a other_o isle_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a the_o gallantry_n of_o the_o rhodian_a navy_n soon_o after_o vanish_v which_o at_o length_n as_o some_o german_a author_n will_v have_v it_o be_v thence_o translate_v to_o the_o oriental_a ocean_n or_o baltic_a sea_n for_o that_o wisby_n in_o gotland_n ancient_o prescribe_v the_o sea-law_n to_o merchant_n and_o mariner_n whereunto_o as_o afterward_o to_o lubeck_n the_o neighbour_a city_n do_v usual_o appeal_v in_o all_o affair_n of_o maritime_a cognizance_n the_o word_n admiralius_n from_o the_o eastern_a empire_n be_v first_o transport_v into_o italy_n and_o sicilia_n thence_o into_o france_n and_o from_o thence_o into_o england_n the_o first_o high_a admiral_n in_o france_n as_o suppose_v be_v one_o rutlandus_n so_o call_v by_o aeginardus_fw-la in_o the_o life_n of_o maris_n charles_n the_o great_a other_o call_v he_o rolandus_n he_o be_v constitute_v high_a admiral_n of_o france_n about_o the_o time_n of_o king_n pipin_n or_o charles_n martel_n prin_fw-mi yet_o other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o office_n of_o ameral_a that_o be_v admiral_z be_v know_v to_o the_o french_a first_o in_o the_o day_n of_o lewis_n the_o seven_o from_o who_o time_n till_o philip_n the_o four_o there_o be_v only_o one_o admiral_n after_o that_o there_o be_v two_o admiral_n in_o france_n at_o the_o same_o time_n prin_fw-mi and_o afterward_o more_o than_o two_o at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n each_o divide_v his_o jurisdiction_n according_a to_o the_o coast_n of_o their_o several_a province_n respective_o praefertur_fw-la this_o high_a officer_n l'_fw-mi ameral_a in_o point_n of_o dignity_n be_v next_o to_o the_o high_a constable_n of_o france_n ancient_o there_o be_v three_o admiral_n in_o france_n one_o in_o aquitane_n another_o in_o britain_n and_o the_o other_o be_v generalis_fw-la in_o francia_n which_o three_o be_v now_o reduce_v to_o one_o who_o do_v exercise_v his_o jurisdiction_n at_o the_o marble_n table_n in_o palatio_fw-la parisiensi_fw-la and_o whereas_o it_o be_v by_o some_o suppose_a that_o rutlandus_n alias_o rolandus_n as_o aforesaid_a in_o king_n pipins_n day_n be_v the_o first_o admiral_n of_o france_n yet_o the_o more_o probable_a opinion_n be_v that_o either_o enguarrantus_n 1280._o dom._n de_fw-la causy_n in_o king_n philip_n the_o three_o time_n or_o americus_n viscount_n of_o narbone_n in_o king_n john_n time_n be_v the_o first_o that_o ever_o have_v the_o honour_n of_o that_o high_a 1356._o office_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n chap._n iii_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o maritime_a authority_n together_o with_o the_o office_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n within_o this_o kingdom_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o name_n of_o admirallius_n first_o come_v out_o of_o the_o eastern_a empire_n into_o italy_n and_o sicily_n thence_o into_o france_n and_o thence_o into_o england_n and_o this_o as_o the_o learned_a sir_n hen_n spelman_n do_v suppose_v after_o the_o time_n of_o the_o holy_a war_n for_o that_o as_o he_o observe_v out_o of_o hovenden_n when_o king_n rich._n the_o first_o prepare_v his_o navy_n for_o that_o design_n he_o appoint_v no_o single_a person_n to_o the_o command_n in_o chief_a of_o that_o navy_n by_o the_o name_n or_o style_n of_o admiral_n but_o depute_v five_o several_a person_n oleron_n to_o that_o command_n by_o the_o name_n or_o style_n of_o ductores_fw-la justiciarii_fw-la &_o constabularii_fw-la totius_fw-la navigii_fw-la 1264._o the_o say_v learned_a author_n come_v something_o nigh_a to_o our_o time_n and_o say_v that_o this_o appellation_n or_o style_n of_o admiral_n seem_v not_o to_o be_v receive_v with_o we_o in_o an._n 8_o h._n 3._o for_o that_o the_o king_n in_o his_o grant_n at_o that_o time_n to_o william_n de_fw-fr lucy_n express_v himself_o only_o by_o the_o word_n of_o concessit_fw-la maritimam_fw-la angliae_fw-la without_o any_o mention_v of_o the_o word_n admiral_n in_o that_o patent_n nor_o yet_o in_o the_o forty_o eight_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n for_o that_o he_o then_o constitute_v tho_o de_fw-fr moleton_n capitaneum_fw-la &_o custodem_fw-la maris_fw-la non_fw-la admirallium_n so_o that_o he_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o this_o high_a officer_n be_v not_o know_v to_o we_o here_o in_o england_n by_o the_o name_n or_o style_n of_o admirallius_n till_o the_o beginning_n of_o ed._n the_o first_o be_v reign_v and_o that_o william_n de_fw-fr leiburn_n be_v the_o first_o with_o we_o that_o have_v the_o dignity_n of_o that_o office_n by_o the_o style_n of_o admiral_n who_o at_o the_o assembly_n at_o bruges_n anno_fw-la 15_o ed._n 1._o be_v 1286._o style_v admirallus_fw-la maris_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o that_o soon_o after_o the_o say_a office_n become_v tripartite_a viz._n anno_fw-la 22_o ed._n 1._o when_o the_o say_v william_n 1295._o de_fw-fr leiburne_n be_v make_v admiral_n of_o portsmouth_n and_o the_o adjacent_a part_n john_n de_fw-fr botecurt_n of_o yarmouth_n and_o the_o neighbour_a coast_n thereof_o and_o a_o certain_a irish_a knight_n of_o the_o west_n and_o irish_a coast_n after_o who_o succeed_v three_o other_o admiral_n for_o the_o same_o division_n in_o the_o 19_o year_n of_o ed._n 2._o 1325._o viz._n john_n otervin_n nicholas_n kiriel_n and_o john_n de_fw-fr felton_n and_o in_o those_o day_n the_o admiral_n be_v often_o style_v not_o admirallus_fw-la maris_fw-la but_o admirallus_fw-la flotae_fw-la navium_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la classis_fw-la or_o the_o admiral_n of_o the_o navy_n and_o this_o admiral_n have_v his_o power_n divide_v into_o two_o station_n the_o one_o be_v the_o north_n station_n which_o begin_v at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n and_o thence_o extend_v itself_o northward_o comprise_v yarmouth_n and_o all_o the_o eastern_a shore_n the_o other_o be_v the_o west_n station_n which_o beginning_n likewise_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n stretch_v itself_o westward_o comprise_v portsmouth_n and_o all_o the_o south_n and_o west_n of_o england_n but_o the_o first_o that_o be_v style_v admirallus_fw-la angliae_fw-la be_v richard_n the_o young_a son_n of_o alan_n earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o surrey_n in_o the_o ten_o year_n of_o r._n 2._o 1142._o notwithstanding_o all_o this_o which_o have_v be_v say_v intimate_v that_o william_n de_fw-fr leiburn_n in_o the_o 15_o of_o ed._n 1._o be_v the_o first_o in_o england_n that_o have_v this_o office_n by_o the_o name_n or_o style_n of_o admirallus_fw-la yet_o it_o be_v evident_a by_o matth._n paris_n in_o h._n 1._o which_o be_v about_o 150_o year_n before_o that_o of_o ed._n 1_o that_o at_o that_o time_n there_o be_v mention_n make_v of_o one_o balac_n ameralius_n here_o in_o england_n who_o in_o fight_n take_v and_o surprise_v jocelyne_n earl_n of_o edessa_n geogra_fw-la with_o his_o cousin_n galeranus_n but_o at_o what_o point_n of_o time_n precise_o that_o office_n by_o the_o style_n or_o appellation_n of_o admiral_n be_v first_o know_v in_o england_n it_o matter_n not_o much_o since_o the_o thing_n itself_o which_o signify_v that_o office_n now_o know_v to_o we_o by_o the_o style_n of_o lord_n high_a admiral_n and_o the_o jurisdiction_n thereof_o have_v ever_o be_v in_o this_o kingdom_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n this_o will_v the_o more_o evident_o appear_v if_o you_o consult_v the_o record_n of_o history_n and_o compare_v they_o with_o other_o national_a touch_v that_o ancient_a dominion_n the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v ever_o have_v over_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n together_o with_o that_o maritime_a jurisdiction_n which_o have_v ever_o assert_v the_o same_o that_o the_o king_n
of_o great_a britain_n have_v a_o undoubted_a right_n to_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o great_a britain_n none_o but_o a_o few_o sea_n mare_n libertine_n and_o that_o for_o their_o own_o interest_n ever_o scruple_v sir_n hen_n spelman_n give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o a_o very_a ancient_n record_v dominus_fw-la extract_v out_o of_o the_o law_n of_o hoelus_fw-la dha_n regis_fw-la seu_fw-la principis_fw-la walliae_fw-la cir_n an._n 928._o which_o for_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_v dominium_fw-la quasi_fw-la uno_fw-la intuitu_fw-la be_v here_o insert_v in_o haec_fw-la verba_fw-la viz._n variato_fw-it aliquantulum_fw-la nominis_fw-la vocabulo_fw-la dici_fw-la hic_fw-la videtur_fw-la huwell_n dam_fw-la qui_fw-la superius_fw-la hoêl_fw-la dha_n latin_a hoêlus_n &_o hoelus_fw-la alius_fw-la huval_n quem_fw-la malmesburiensis_fw-la unum_fw-la fuisse_fw-la refert_fw-la e_fw-la quinque_fw-la wallensium_n regibus_fw-la quos_fw-la cum_fw-la cunadio_fw-la rege_fw-la scotorum_fw-la malcolmo_n rege_fw-la cambrorum_fw-la &_o maccusio_fw-la achipirata_fw-la seu_fw-la principe_fw-la nautarum_fw-la vel_fw-la marium_n praefecto_fw-la ad_fw-la civitatem_fw-la legionum_fw-la sibi_fw-la occurrentes_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la eadgarus_fw-la in_o triumphi_fw-la pompam_fw-la deducebat_fw-la una_fw-la enim_fw-la impositos_fw-la remigrare_fw-la eos_fw-la hanc_fw-la coegit_fw-la dum_fw-la in_o prora_fw-la ipse_fw-la sedens_fw-la navis_fw-la tenuit_fw-la gubernaculum_fw-la ut_fw-la se_fw-la hoc_fw-la spectaculo_fw-la soli_fw-la &_o sali_n orbis_fw-la brittanici_n dominum_fw-la praedicaret_fw-la &_o monarcham_n in_o this_o ancient_n and_o memorable_a record_n king_n edgar_n neptune-like_a ride_v in_o triumph_n over_o the_o british_a sea_n give_v the_o world_n to_o understand_v that_o dominium_fw-la maris_fw-la be_v the_o motto_n of_o his_o trident._n consonant_a whereunto_o be_v that_o which_o the_o law_n itself_o say_v mâ—â—e_n mare_n dicitur_fw-la esse_fw-la de_fw-la districtu_fw-la illius_fw-la civitatis_fw-la vel_fw-la loci_fw-la qui_fw-la confinat_fw-la cum_fw-la mari_fw-fr in_o quantum_fw-la se_fw-la extendit_fw-la territorium_fw-la terrae_fw-la prope_fw-la mare_fw-la in_o a_o word_n to_o this_o purpose_n the_o renown_a learned_a mr._n selden_n who_o have_v leave_v no_o more_o to_o say_v but_o with_o jo_n baptist_n larrea_n in_o one_o of_o his_o decision_n of_o granada_n that_o authorum_fw-la sententias_fw-la non_fw-la ex_fw-la numero_fw-la sed_fw-la ex_fw-la ratione_fw-la metiri_fw-la oportet_fw-la &_o pensitari_fw-la debent_fw-la juris_fw-la fundamenta_fw-la non_fw-la authorum_fw-la elenchum_fw-la velut_fw-la calculatione_fw-la computari_fw-la enucleando_fw-la the_o lord_n high_a admiral_n be_v by_o the_o prince_n concredit_v with_o the_o management_n of_o all_o marine_a affair_n as_o well_o in_o respect_n of_o jurisdiction_n as_o protection_n he_o be_v that_o high_a officer_n or_o magistrate_n to_o who_o be_v commit_v the_o government_n of_o the_o king_n navy_n with_o power_n of_o decision_n in_o all_o cause_n maritime_a as_o well_o civil_a as_o criminal_a so_o that_o befide_v the_o power_n of_o jurisdiction_n in_o criminal_n he_o may_v judge_v of_o contract_n between_o party_n and_o party_n touch_v thing_n do_v upon_o or_o beyond_o the_o the_o sea_n admiral_n wherein_o he_o may_v cause_v his_o arrest_n monition_n and_o other_o decree_n of_o court_n to_o be_v serve_v upon_o the_o land_n as_o also_o may_v take_v the_o party_n body_n or_o good_n in_o execution_n upon_o the_o land_n ibid._n the_o lord_n coke_n in_o honour_n of_o the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n be_v please_v to_o publish_v to_o the_o world_n that_o the_o lord_n admiral_n jurisdiction_n be_v very_a ancient_n and_o long_o before_o the_o reign_n of_o ed._n 3._o and_o that_o there_o have_v ever_o be_v a_o admiral_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n as_o appear_v not_o only_o by_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n but_o also_o by_o many_o other_o ancient_a record_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o hen._n 3._o ed._n 1._o &_o ed._n 2._o 439._o thus_o as_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v nigh_o as_o ancient_a as_o navigation_n itself_o so_o the_o jurisdiction_n thereof_o have_v universal_o be_v own_v and_o receive_v by_o all_o nation_n yea_o and_o this_o kingdom_n be_v by_o way_n of_o eminency_n crown_v by_o antiquity_n for_o the_o promulgation_n of_o the_o one_o and_o establishment_n of_o the_o other_o for_o otherwise_o without_o such_o maritime_a law_n and_o such_o a_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n how_o can_v the_o ancient_a britain_n long_o before_o julius_n caesar_n invade_v this_o isle_n restrain_v all_o stranger_n merchant_n except_v from_o approach_v their_o confine_n 72._o or_o regulate_v such_o navy_n as_o be_v the_o wonder_n of_o that_o age_n 53._o or_o how_o can_v king_n edgar_n in_o the_o title_n of_o his_o charter_n have_v effectual_o style_v himself_o as_o well_o imperator_fw-la dominusque_fw-la rerum_fw-la omnium_fw-la insularum_fw-la oceani_fw-la qui_fw-la brittaniam_fw-la circumjacent_a as_o anglorum_fw-la basileus_n 21._o or_o maintain_v in_o naval_a discipline_n these_o four_o hundred_o sail_n of_o ship_n appoint_v by_o he_o to_o guard_n and_o scour_v the_o british_a sea_n cestrensis_fw-la and_o do_v not_o etheldred_n after_o edgar_n for_o the_o selfsame_a end_n and_o purpose_n set_v forth_o to_o sea_n from_o sandwich_n one_o of_o the_o great_a navy_n that_o ever_o this_o kingdom_n prepare_v doubtless_o this_o be_v no_o lawless_a navy_n without_o maritime_a constitution_n for_o the_o due_a regulation_n thereof_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n consonant_a to_o that_o of_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n then_o in_o use_n and_o receive_v by_o all_o the_o maritime_a principality_n of_o europe_n glos_n whereas_o it_o be_v universal_o acknowledge_v that_o the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n be_v very_a ancient_n and_o long_o before_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o who_o ever_o consult_v antiquity_n shall_v find_v it_o far_o more_o ancient_a and_o long_o before_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o even_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n before_o the_o say_v edward_n the_o first_o to_o this_o purpose_n very_o remarkable_a be_v that_o ancient_a record_n in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n entitle_v de_fw-fr superioritate_fw-la maris_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o jure_fw-la officii_fw-la admirallatus_fw-la london_n in_o eodem_fw-la and_o out_o of_o the_o old_a french_a render_v into_o english_a by_o sir_n john_n borough_n in_o his_o compendious_a treatise_n of_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n pag._n 25_o etc._n etc._n edit_n anno_fw-la 1633._o in_o which_o it_o evident_o appear_v that_o the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n and_o the_o jurisdiction_n thereof_o be_v far_o more_o ancient_a than_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o that_o from_o age_n to_o age_n successive_o and_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n even_o before_o the_o day_n of_o the_o say_v edward_n the_o first_o it_o be_v so_o own_v and_o acknowledge_v by_o this_o and_o all_o other_o neighbour-nation_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o say_a record_n which_o be_v occasion_v by_o a_o national_a agreement_n of_o certain_a difference_n arise_v between_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o france_n in_o the_o 26_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o say_v edward_n the_o first_o by_o reason_n of_o certain_a usurpation_n attempt_v by_o reyner_n grimbald_n than_o admiral_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n in_o the_o british_a sea_n in_o which_o agreement_n the_o commissioner_n or_o agent_n for_o the_o maritime_a coast_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o christian_a world_n of_o genoa_n spain_n germany_n holland_n zealand_n freezland_n denmark_n and_o norway_n then_o present_a make_v this_o memorable_a acknowledgement_n and_o declaration_n which_o be_v extract_v out_o of_o the_o say_a record_n as_o to_o so_o much_o thereof_o as_o relate_v to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n viz._n that_o the_o procurator_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o of_o other_o place_n as_o of_o the_o seacoast_n as_o of_o genoa_n catalonia_n spain_n almaigne_n zealand_n holland_n freezland_n denmark_n and_o norway_n do_v show_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n have_v be_v in_o peaceable_a possession_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n in_o make_v and_o establish_v law_n and_o statute_n and_o restraint_n of_o arm_n and_o of_o ship_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o take_v surety_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o order_v of_o all_o other_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o maintain_n of_o peace_n right_a and_o equity_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o do_v justice_n right_o and_o law_n according_a to_o the_o say_a law_n ordinance_n and_o restraint_n and_o in_o all_o other_o thing_n which_o may_v appertain_v to_o the_o exercise_n of_o sovereign_a dominion_n in_o the_o place_n aforesaid_a and_o a._n de_fw-fr b._n admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n depute_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o all_o other_o admiral_n ordain_v by_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n have_v be_v in_o peaceable_a possession_n of_o the_o sovereign_a guard_n with_o the_o cognizance_n of_o justice_n etc._n etc._n and_o whereas_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n of_o the_o say_a kingdom_n of_o england_n in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o say_a admiral_n have_v be_v
συνηγοÏος_n θαλασσιος_n a_o view_n of_o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n wherein_o the_o most_o material_a point_n concern_v that_o jurisdiction_n be_v fair_o and_o submissive_o discuss_v as_o also_o divers_a of_o the_o law_n custom_n right_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o high_a admiralty_n of_o england_n by_o ancient_a record_n and_o other_o argument_n of_o law_n assert_v whereunto_o be_v add_v by_o way_n of_o appendix_n a_o extract_n of_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o oleron_n by_o john_n godolphin_n ll._n d._n littusque_fw-la rogamus_fw-la innocuum_fw-la virg._n aen._n 7._o london_n print_v by_o w._n godbid_v for_o edmund_n paxton_n over_o against_o the_o castle_n tavern_n near_o doctor_n commons_o and_o john_n shirley_n at_o the_o pelican_n in_o little_a britain_n 1661._o to_o the_o reader_n he_o that_o negotiate_v about_o maritime_a affair_n be_v under_o protection_n without_o letter_n of_o safe_a conduct_n as_o be_v within_o the_o sanctuary_n of_o jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la and_o the_o right_n time_v of_o a_o modest_a address_n oft_o time_n prove_v more_o successful_a than_o a_o confident_a argument_n out_o of_o season_n there_o seem_v some_o probability_n as_o if_o this_o treatise_n obtrude_v not_o upon_o the_o world_n or_o thy_o patience_n like_o a_o tract_n bear_v out_o of_o due_a time_n nor_o as_o if_o it_o come_v like_o a_o physician_n to_o his_o patient_n funeral_n or_o as_o suetonius_n relate_v touch_v the_o deputy_n of_o troy_n send_v to_o condole_v with_o tiberius_n seven_o or_o eight_o month_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o son_n if_o this_o treatise_n be_v out_o of_o season_n other_o as_o well_o as_o myself_o be_v happy_o deceive_v in_o which_o case_n it_o will_v suffice_v to_o say_v with_o philip_n de_fw-fr comines_n that_o it_o be_v very_o hard_a for_o a_o man_n to_o be_v wise_a that_o have_v not_o be_v deceive_v for_o the_o method_n it_o be_v as_o regular_a as_o the_o argument_n will_v afford_v though_o not_o so_o exact_a as_o may_v have_v be_v if_o the_o same_o metal_n have_v be_v cast_v into_o another_o mould_n yet_o not_o so_o rude_a and_o out_o of_o shape_n as_o to_o suspect_v from_o the_o disproportion_n of_o the_o body_n that_o the_o soul_n be_v ill_o lodge_v or_o like_o some_o long-breathed_a confuse_a discourse_n of_o late_a much_o in_o fashion_n whereof_o it_o may_v be_v true_o say_v as_o be_v once_o of_o the_o roman_n two_o ambassador_n send_v to_o one_o of_o their_o province_n whereof_o one_o wound_v in_o the_o head_n the_o other_o lame_a in_o his_o foot_n mittit_fw-la populus_fw-la romanus_n legationem_fw-la quae_fw-la nec_fw-la caput_fw-la nec_fw-la pedes_fw-la habet_fw-la and_o which_o for_o their_o prolixity_n and_o immethodicality_n may_v just_o expect_v the_o same_o answer_n that_o those_o of_o lacedaemon_n give_v the_o samnite_n that_o they_o have_v forget_v the_o beginning_n understand_v not_o the_o middle_a and_o dislike_v the_o conclusion_n the_o subject-matter_n of_o this_o treatise_n be_v not_o so_o much_o de_fw-mi jure_fw-la as_o the_o jurisdictione_n admiralitatis_fw-la angliae_fw-la not_o so_o much_o touch_v the_o law_n of_o the_o admiralty_n or_o sea-law_n as_o now_o receive_v and_o practise_v in_o the_o navigable_a part_n of_o the_o world_n as_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o that_o law_n within_o this_o kingdom_n of_o great_a britain_n so_o that_o it_o will_v on_o all_o hand_n be_v eafy_o agree_v that_o the_o argument_n of_o jurisdiction_n be_v quaestio_fw-la admodum_fw-la subtilis_fw-la and_o no_o wonder_n if_o you_o consider_v that_o that_o which_o be_v de_fw-fr competentia_fw-la judicis_fw-la &_o jurisdictionis_fw-la be_v totius_fw-la juris_fw-la velut_fw-la obex_fw-la &_o repagulum_fw-la but_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o zeal_n for_o the_o public_a facilitate_v the_o high_a difficulty_n to_o leave_v the_o law_n sub_fw-la incognito_o or_o jurisdiction_n sub_fw-la incerto_fw-la be_v both_o of_o national_a ill_a consequence_n subject_v the_o people_n either_o to_o transgression_n through_o ignorance_n or_o to_o unnecessary_a expense_n by_o multiplicity_n of_o law-suit_n lux_fw-la lex_fw-la &_o veritas_fw-la be_v almost_o synonimous_a if_o either_o of_o these_o suffer_v though_o but_o a_o partial_a eclipse_n how_o great_a be_v the_o darkness_n thereof_o if_o a_o jurisdiction_n without_o which_o the_o law_n be_v but_o as_o a_o dead_a letter_n be_v uncertain_a how_o great_a be_v that_o uncertainty_n but_o the_o liquid_a and_o clear_a state_v and_o ascertain_v of_o jurisdiction_n to_o their_o proper_a and_o respective_a boundary_n beyond_o which_o one_o may_v not_o pass_v to_o the_o invade_v of_o another_o be_v one_o of_o the_o primary_n constitution_n of_o jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la this_o short_a view_n of_o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n be_v in_o its_o origination_n design_v only_o to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n inter_fw-la alia_fw-la negotia_fw-la and_o not_o to_o hazard_v the_o censure_n of_o a_o superfluum_fw-la inter_fw-la aliorum_fw-la otia_fw-la and_o although_o a_o great_a part_n of_o this_o fabric_n be_v lay_v on_o a_o foundation_n of_o civil_a law_n yet_o in_o regard_n it_o be_v a_o indispensable_a duty_n which_o every_o man_n owe_v his_o native_a country_n to_o keep_v as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v sub_fw-la incognito_o from_o stranger_n and_o foreigner_n abroad_o what_o possible_o may_v not_o be_v absolute_o perfect_a for_o there_o be_v no_o perfection_n under_o the_o sun_n quoad_fw-la modum_fw-la procedendi_fw-la at_o home_n sumus_fw-la enim_fw-la surdi_fw-la omnes_fw-la in_o linguis_fw-la quas_fw-la non_fw-la intelligimus_fw-la and_o in_o regard_n this_o treatise_n must_v recite_v the_o very_a letter_n of_o certain_a clause_n of_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n transaction_n of_o state_n and_o book-case_n of_o common_a law_n and_o in_o regard_n the_o satisfaction_n of_o merchant_n and_o mariner_n be_v the_o main_a motive_n and_o design_n of_o emit_v this_o to_o the_o opinion_n of_o man_n for_o these_o reason_n it_o can_v neither_o proper_o nor_o profitable_o speak_v the_o ideum_fw-la of_o that_o law_n which_o be_v no_o less_o adequate_a to_o the_o admiralty_n than_o currant_n over_o all_o the_o christian_a world_n the_o just_a right_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n be_v here_o with_o submission_n assert_v and_o consequent_o therein_o many_o of_o the_o privilege_n of_o merchant_n and_o mariner_n and_o not_o only_o of_o those_o who_o have_v a_o birthright_n to_o england_n law_n of_o the_o admiralty_n but_o also_o of_o all_o such_o who_o negotiate_v with_o we_o have_v a_o right_a thereto_o by_o the_o jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la and_o national_a treaty_n the_o merchant_n be_v bonum_fw-la publicum_fw-la and_o such_o be_v that_o nation_n interest_n who_o merchant_n do_v flourish_v that_o to_o gratify_v they_o with_o all_o possible_a immunity_n and_o due_a encouragement_n be_v now_o become_v the_o common_a policy_n of_o all_o such_o kingdom_n and_o state_n as_o reap_v more_o treasure_n from_o their_o port_n then_o pasture_n it_o be_v most_o true_a what_o seneca_n once_o say_v of_o they_o mercator_fw-la urbibus_fw-la prodest_fw-la medice_fw-la aegrotis_fw-la without_o who_o a_o communality_n or_o civil_a society_n of_o man_n can_v scarce_o plentiful_o or_o honourable_o subsist_v it_o be_v a_o say_n with_o baldus_n that_o famous_a civilian_n that_o the_o world_n can_v not_o live_v without_o merchant_n whence_o it_o may_v be_v rational_o infer_v that_o that_o nation_n be_v nigh_o drown_v who_o merchant_n be_v under_o water_n their_o function_n be_v to_o import_v necessary_n and_o to_o export_v superfluity_n if_o therefore_o such_o marine_a controversy_n as_o arise_v between_o merchant_n and_o merchant_n or_o between_o merchant_n and_o mariner_n shall_v be_v remove_v from_o the_o cognizance_n of_o the_o admiralty_n whereof_o there_o be_v now_o no_o fear_n ad_fw-la aliud_fw-la examen_fw-la it_o may_v prove_v no_o fallible_a index_n but_o that_o our_o trade_n and_o commerce_n in_o too_o sad_a a_o measure_n may_v also_o in_o some_o short_a time_n after_o be_v export_v ad_fw-la aliam_fw-la regionem_fw-la here_o therefore_o be_v the_o merchant_n and_o the_o mariner_n insist_v not_o for_o any_o thing_n more_o than_o what_o be_v according_a to_o the_o know_a law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o the_o ancient_a establish_a sea-law_n of_o england_n with_o the_o custom_n thereof_o so_o far_o as_o they_o contradict_v not_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o this_o realm_n it_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o jurisdictio_fw-la originaliter_fw-la radicata_fw-la est_fw-la in_o principe_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la eo_fw-la descendunt_fw-la judices_fw-la sicut_fw-la rivuli_fw-la à _fw-la fonte_fw-la svo_fw-la the_o decision_n of_o the_o right_n of_o jurisdiction_n reside_v not_o in_o any_o person_n of_o a_o private_a capacity_n but_o in_o that_o power_n that_o create_v and_o constitute_v jurisdiction_n that_o be_v the_o prince_n or_o chief_a magistrate_n as_o the_o supreme_a source_n or_o fountain_n of_o all_o humane_a law_n and_o judicatories_n reader_n it_o seem_v something_o difficult_a to_o determine_v whether_o the_o sophistication_n
districtum_fw-la maris_fw-la vocat_fw-la the_o straits_n of_o gibraltar_n infra_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la maritimam_fw-la and_o because_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o contract_n be_v make_v at_o the_o island_n of_o malaga_n prohibition_n be_v grant_v for_o it_o be_v not_o regard_v that_o he_o add_v infra_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la maritimam_fw-la which_o appear_v contrary_a if_o in_o another_o case_n it_o happen_v to_o be_v elsewhere_o suppose_v that_o the_o contract_n be_v make_v at_o bordeaux_n in_o france_n in_o islington_n though_o by_o the_o very_a light_n of_o nature_n it_o appear_v as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v put_v to_o be_v contrary_a yet_o there_o may_v be_v that_o reason_n of_o law_n to_o hold_v the_o place_n be_v not_o traversable_a as_o to_o the_o infra_fw-la corpus_fw-la comitatus_fw-la which_o the_o infra_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la maritimam_fw-la can_v due_o expect_v when_o that_o appear_v to_o be_v contrary_a it_o be_v once_o say_v by_o justice_n wray_n in_o sir_n julius_n caesar_n case_n r._n that_o it_o be_v hard_a that_o his_o jurisdiction_n shall_v be_v try_v before_o himself_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v for_o these_o last_o twenty_o year_n that_o it_o be_v far_o more_o easy_a to_o preach_v good_a doctrine_n then_o to_o practice_v it_o the_o law_n in_o all_o jurisdiction_n be_v but_o reason_n regulate_v no_o wonder_n therefore_o if_o sometime_o a_o cause_n as_o to_o the_o merit_n of_o it_o meet_v with_o a_o right_a decision_n in_o a_o wrong_a jurisdiction_n but_o less_o wonder_n if_o it_o often_o happen_v otherwise_o it_o be_v report_v in_o the_o case_n of_o bright_a against_o couper_n plac._n that_o a_o action_n of_o covenant_n be_v bring_v upon_o a_o covenant_n make_v by_o a_o merchant_n with_o a_o master_n of_o a_o ship_n viz._n that_o if_o he_o will_v bring_v his_o freight_v to_o such_o a_o port_n than_o he_o will_v pay_v he_o such_o a_o sum_n it_o be_v show_v that_o part_n of_o the_o good_n be_v take_v away_o by_o pirate_n and_o that_o the_o residue_n of_o the_o good_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o place_n appoint_v and_o there_o unlade_v and_o that_o the_o merchant_n have_v not_o pay_v and_o so_o the_o covenant_n break_v and_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o merchant_n shall_v pay_v the_o money_n agree_v for_o since_o all_o the_o merchandize_n be_v not_o bring_v to_o the_o place_n appoint_v and_o the_o court_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o pay_v the_o money_n because_o the_o agreement_n be_v not_o by_o he_o perform_v here_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o a_o penny-fraight_n pay_v for_o the_o residue_n of_o the_o good_n bring_v to_o the_o place_n appoint_v albeit_o there_o be_v vis_fw-fr major_a or_o casus_fw-la fortuitus_fw-la without_o any_o default_n in_o the_o master_n or_o mariner_n in_o the_o case_n the_o court_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o pay_v the_o money_n because_o the_o agreement_n be_v not_o by_o he_o perform_v nor_o have_v it_o be_v perform_v in_o case_n of_o stress_n of_o weather_n part_n of_o the_o good_n have_v navis_fw-la levandae_fw-la causa_fw-la be_v throw_v overboard_o probable_o this_o piracy_n whereby_o come_v this_o casual_a incapacity_n of_o perform_v the_o agreement_n be_v super_fw-la altum_fw-la mare_fw-la and_o the_o same_o reporter_n in_o weston_n case_n r._n a_o merchant_n have_v a_o ship_n take_v by_o a_o spaniard_n be_v enemy_n and_o a_o month_n after_o a_o english_a merchant_n with_o a_o ship_n call_v the_o little_a richard_n retakes_a it_o from_o the_o spaniard_n and_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n sue_v for_o that_o in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n and_o prohibition_n be_v grant_v because_o the_o ship_n be_v gain_v by_o battle_n of_o a_o enemy_n probably_n this_o capture_z and_o re-capture_a the_o occasion_n of_o this_o plea_n and_o querele_n be_v only_o super_fw-la altum_fw-la mare_fw-la and_o the_o property_n of_o ship_n call_v into_o question_n by_o reason_n of_o such_o supermarine_a accident_n the_o matter_n of_o this_o plea_n and_o querele_n be_v of_o every_o day_n practice_n in_o the_o admiralty_n and_o so_o accustom_a time_n out_o of_o mind_n but_o at_o another_o time_n in_o a_o case_n something_o parallel_v to_o that_o quoad_fw-la merita_fw-la causae_fw-la super_fw-la altum_fw-la mare_fw-la a_o prohibition_n will_v not_o be_v grant_v admiral_n a_o dunkirker_n have_v seize_v a_o french_a man_n vessel_n super_fw-la altum_fw-la mare_fw-la sell_v the_o same_o with_o her_o lade_n at_o weâ—mouth_n whither_o it_o have_v be_v drive_v before_o its_o bring_a infra_fw-la praesidia_fw-la dom._n regis_fw-la hispan_n whereupon_o the_o french_a man_n libel_v in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n against_o the_o vendee_fw-mi pro_fw-la interest_n svo_fw-la who_o show_v that_o it_o be_v take_v not_o by_o letter_n of_o mart_n as_o be_v pretend_v but_o by_o piracy_n and_o pray_v a_o prohibition_n and_o it_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o justice_n that_o if_o a_o ship_n be_v take_v by_o piracy_n or_o by_o letter_n of_o mart_n and_o be_v not_o bring_v infra_fw-la praesidia_fw-la of_o that_o prince_n by_o who_o subject_n it_o be_v take_v that_o it_o be_v no_o lawful_a prize_n and_o the_o property_n be_v not_o alter_v and_o such_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o law_n of_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n and_o therefore_o the_o court_n will_v not_o grant_v a_o prohibition_n in_o the_o former_a case_n where_o prohibition_n be_v grant_v the_o property_n of_o the_o ship_n seem_v not_o to_o be_v alter_v for_o though_o she_o be_v as_o that_o case_n put_v it_o take_v by_o a_o enemy_n and_o a_o month_n intervene_v between_o the_o capture_z and_o re-capture_a and_o so_o do_v pernoctare_fw-la with_o jure_fw-la the_o captor_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v by_o that_o case_n that_o she_o be_v ever_o bring_v infra_fw-la praesidia_fw-la hostium_fw-la before_o such_o re-capture_a or_o that_o ever_o judication_n pass_v thereon_o and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o alteration_n of_o property_n of_o that_o ship_n the_o property_n must_v have_v be_v alter_v super_fw-la altum_fw-la mare_fw-la which_o be_v proper_o cognizable_a in_o the_o admiralty_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o place_n as_o 9_o well_o as_o the_o thing_n itself_o in_o its_o own_o nature_n littleton_n that_o famous_a oracle_n of_o the_o law_n as_o aforesaid_a assert_n 440._o that_o a_o thing_n do_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n may_v not_o be_v try_v within_o the_o realm_n by_o the_o oath_n of_o twelve_o man_n the_o lord_n coke_n as_o aforesaid_a acknowledge_v 22._o that_o the_o lord_n admiral_n have_v and_o aught_o to_o have_v jurisdiction_n of_o contract_n plea_n and_o quereles_a make_v upon_o the_o sea_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o not_o within_o any_o county_n and_o sir_n george_n crook_n say_v char._n that_o if_o a_o suit_n be_v commence_v in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n upon_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o sea_n no_o prohibition_n be_v to_o be_v grant_v therefore_o it_o follow_v that_o contract_v make_v and_o other_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o sea_n be_v inherent_a in_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n chap._n ix_o of_o contract_n and_o bargain_n make_v and_o other_o thing_n do_v beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o whether_o the_o cognizance_n thereof_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o admiralty_n if_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n in_o this_o point_n shall_v seem_v to_o be_v pretermit_v or_o wave_v by_o say_v that_o bargain_n and_o contract_n make_v beyond_o the_o sea_n wherein_o the_o common_a law_n can_v administer_v juflice_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o lord_n high_a constable_n and_o earl_n marshal_n of_o england_n it_o may_v seem_v tacit_o to_o imply_v as_o if_o charter-party_n bill_n of_o lade_n cocket_n invoyce_n commission_n of_o mart_n marine_a consortship_n and_o other_o contract_n or_o thing_n make_v or_o do_v beyond_o sea_n touch_v trade_n and_o navigation_n be_v not_o within_o the_o conusance_n of_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o high_a admiralty_n of_o england_n whereas_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o they_o be_v only_a contract_n and_o deed_n of_o arm_n and_o of_o war_n and_o the_o like_a out_o of_o the_o realm_n that_o do_v proper_o belong_v to_o the_o lord_n high_a constable_n and_o earl_n marshal_n of_o england_n and_o the_o like_a within_o the_o realm_n who_o jurisdiction_n be_v of_o a_o distinct_a and_o diversify_v nature_n both_o from_o that_o of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o of_o the_o admiralty_n also_o it_o be_v say_v 22._o that_o if_o a_o indenture_n bond_n or_o other_o specialty_n or_o any_o contract_n be_v make_v beyond_o sea_n for_o the_o do_v of_o any_o act_n or_o payment_n of_o money_n within_o the_o realm_n or_o otherwise_o wherein_o the_o common_a law_n can_v administer_v justice_n and_o give_v ordinary_a remedy_n in_o these_o case_n neither_o the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n nor_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n have_v any_o jurisdiction_n so_o that_o the_o admiralty_n seem_v hereby_o to_o be_v of_o little_a use_n as_o to_o
contract_n though_o vltra-marine_a but_o the_o lord_n hobard_fw-mi in_o bridgmans_n case_n go_v far_o and_o say_v case_n that_o it_o have_v be_v often_o resolve_v that_o if_o any_o obligation_n be_v make_v at_o sea_n yet_o it_o can_v not_o be_v sue_v in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n because_o it_o be_v a_o obligation_n which_o take_v his_o course_n and_o bind_v according_a te_fw-la the_o common_a law_n so_o that_o it_o hence_o follow_v that_o if_o it_o be_v make_v beyond_o sea_n wherein_o the_o common_a law_n can_v administer_v justice_n the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n have_v not_o any_o jurisdiction_n and_o if_o it_o be_v make_v at_o sea_n it_o can_v be_v sue_v in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n because_o it_o take_v its_o course_n and_o bind_v according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n thus_o betwixt_o land_n and_o water_n between_o contract_n make_v beyond_o sea_n and_o obligation_n make_v at_o sea_n the_o admiralty_n seem_v like_o a_o kind_n of_o derelict_n but_o probable_o it_o be_v not_o hereby_o mean_v or_o intend_v that_o every_o contract_v make_v beyond_o sea_n shall_v be_v try_v at_o the_o common_a law_n but_o only_o such_o as_o be_v there_o make_v for_o do_v some_o act_n within_o the_o realm_n or_o otherwise_o wherein_o the_o common_a law_n can_v administer_v justice_n and_o give_v ordinary_a remedy_n nor_o every_o thing_n do_v at_o sea_n but_o only_a obligation_n which_o have_v their_o course_n and_o bind_v according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o also_o when_o these_o thing_n do_v at_o sea_n be_v not_o as_o bridgmans_n case_n far_o put_v it_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o respect_n that_o be_v as_o the_o say_a case_n explain_v it_o a_o obligation_n make_v at_o sea_n for_o security_n of_o a_o debt_n grow_v before_o at_o land_n can_v be_v sue_v in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n because_o it_o be_v not_o for_o a_o marine_a cause_n no_o man_n it_o be_v presume_v do_v question_n but_o there_o may_v be_v debt_n grow_v at_o land_n for_o marine_a cause_n as_o in_o respect_n of_o ship_n navigation_n and_o the_o like_a otherwise_o a_o skipper_n sign_v bill_n of_o lade_n at_o land_n may_v pretend_v such_o bill_n of_o lade_n so_o sign_v by_o he_o do_v not_o oblige_v he_o to_o a_o delivery_n of_o the_o good_n therein_o express_v according_a to_o the_o consignation_n thereof_o a_o marine_a contract_n may_v be_v make_v and_o a_o nautical_a debt_n contract_v as_o well_o by_o land_n as_o by_o sea_n for_o security_n whereof_o obligation_n may_v be_v afterward_o make_v at_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o be_v within_o the_o cognizance_n of_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n which_o will_v not_o signify_v much_o in_o this_o or_o any_o nation_n if_o it_o can_v not_o administer_v justice_n in_o any_o case_n save_v only_o such_o as_o have_v their_o birth_n life_n and_o death_n their_o foundation_n negotiation_n and_o consummation_n precise_o super_fw-la altum_fw-la mare_fw-la special_o where_o a_o surmise_n or_o suggestion_n may_v be_v material_a quoad_fw-la examen_fw-la though_o the_o case_n oft_o time_n happen_v to_o prove_v otherwise_o quoad_fw-la merita_fw-la sir_n george_n croak_v in_o the_o foresay_a resolution_n upon_o the_o case_n of_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n char._n seem_v to_o be_v of_o another_o opinion_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o a_o suit_n be_v commence_v in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n upon_o contract_n make_v or_o other_o thing_n do_v beyond_o the_o sea_n or_o upon_o the_o sea_n no_o prohibition_n to_o be_v grant_v or_o award_v there_o respect_n seem_v to_o be_v have_v more_o to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o contract_n be_v make_v then_o whether_o it_o be_v for_o a_o marine_a cause_n there_o be_v some_o thing_n that_o wherever_o they_o be_v make_v or_o do_v whether_o this_o side_n the_o sea_n upon_o the_o sea_n or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v proper_o cognizable_a in_o the_o admiralty_n such_o be_v charter-party_n bill_n of_o lade_n and_o the_o like_a there_o be_v other_o thing_n wherein_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n be_v limit_v as_o to_o the_o locallity_n upon_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n personal_a action_n may_v sometime_o be_v or_o not_o be_v of_o admiral_n cognizance_n according_a as_o they_o be_v here_o or_o there_o local_a at_o other_o time_n they_o be_v regulate_v quoad_fw-la subjectam_fw-la materiam_fw-la about_o which_o they_o be_v conversant_a for_o as_o there_o be_v some_o certain_a place_n that_o svi_fw-la natura_fw-la be_v subject_n to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n so_o there_o be_v some_o certain_a thing_n that_o be_v likewise_o svi_fw-la natura_fw-la subject_n to_o the_o same_o jurisdiction_n and_o as_o a_o maritime_a place_n may_v without_o respect_n to_o the_o subâ—ect_a matter_n entitle_v that_o jurisdiction_n to_o a_o cognoslibility_n of_o a_o case_n so_o sometime_o the_o subject_a matter_n as_o the_o say_a charter-party_n bill_n of_o lade_n and_o such_o like_a may_v without_o such_o absolute_a respect_n have_v to_o the_o place_n have_v the_o same_o operation_n be_v it_o otherwise_o it_o may_v be_v something_o difficult_a to_o find_v a_o case_n simple_o and_o absolute_o of_o a_o admiral_n cognizance_n for_o contract_n though_o make_v even_o upon_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v general_o to_o take_v effect_n at_o land_n and_o that_o which_o be_v pure_o marine_a in_o the_o cause_n may_v be_v terrene_a in_o the_o effect_n bill_n of_o lade_n that_o be_v so_o proper_o inherent_a in_o the_o admiralty_n take_v effect_n at_o land_n though_o make_v and_o firm_v a_o shipboard_n for_o the_o most_o part_n upon_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n likewise_o contract_v for_o freight_v and_o mariner_n wage_n take_v effect_n at_o land_n yet_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v make_v a_o shipboard_n upon_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n these_o obligation_n for_o they_o be_v obligation_n though_o they_o be_v for_o do_v some_o act_n within_o the_o realm_n as_o in_o bill_n of_o lade_n for_o the_o safe_a delivery_n a_o shore_n the_o danger_n of_o the_o sea_n except_v of_o such_o good_n to_o the_o consignatory_n as_o be_v therein_o mention_v and_o in_o contract_n of_o freight_v and_o mariner_n wage_n for_o the_o due_a payment_n of_o money_n on_o the_o land_n yet_o be_v all_o within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n when_o a_o contract_n be_v real_o make_v super_fw-la altum_fw-la mare_fw-la vel_fw-la ultra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la maria_fw-la special_o in_o matter_n svi_fw-la natura_fw-la maritime_a though_o in_o order_n to_o something_o afterward_o to_o be_v do_v or_o perform_v in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n upon_o the_o land_n this_o seem_v by_o the_o ancient_a custom_n style_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o admiralty_n to_o be_v within_o the_o jurisdiction_n thereof_o yea_o proper_o and_o exclusive_o unless_o you_o hold_v the_o doctrine_n of_o universal_a concurrency_n and_o herein_o the_o admiralty_n may_v safe_o appeal_v to_o the_o word_n of_o that_o great_a oracle_n of_o the_o law_n whereof_o mention_n have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n 440._o viz._n que_fw-fr choose_v fait_fw-fr horse_n del_fw-it royalme_n n'_fw-fr aient_fw-fr poet_n estre_fw-fr try_v diens_n le_fw-fr royalme_n per_fw-la le_fw-fr serement_n the_o 12._o a_o thing_n do_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n may_v not_o be_v try_v within_o the_o realm_n by_o the_o oath_n of_o twelve_o man_n this_o be_v the_o judgement_n of_o he_o who_o the_o lord_n coke_n style_v not_o only_o by_o the_o name_n of_o a_o lawyer_n but_o of_o the_o law_n itself_o no_o surmise_n or_o suggestion_n can_v cause_v that_o to_o be_v which_o in_o svi_fw-la natura_fw-la be_v not_o nor_o cause_n that_o legal_o to_o seem_v to_o be_v which_o in_o rerum_fw-la natura_fw-la be_v not_o capable_a of_o be_v the_o question_n be_v not_o whether_o a_o alien_n bear_v out_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n may_v as_o a_o demandant_n bring_v his_o real_a action_n nor_o be_v it_o imagine_v by_o any_o that_o because_o he_o be_v a_o alien_n that_o therefore_o his_o case_n may_v not_o come_v to_o trial_n for_o want_v of_o a_o suggestion_n to_o feign_v a_o native_a of_o france_n to_o be_v bear_v in_o such_o a_o certain_a place_n in_o england_n do_v not_o reach_v the_o case_n in_o hand_n for_o though_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o individual_a person_n to_o be_v bear_v in_o both_o place_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a but_o that_o he_o who_o be_v surmise_a or_o suggest_a to_o be_v bear_v in_o one_o place_n may_v in_o truth_n be_v bear_v in_o another_o nor_o contrary_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n to_o surmise_v a_o translocation_n of_o a_o man_n nativity_n which_o admit_v a_o possibility_n in_o any_o place_n within_o the_o habitable_a part_n of_o the_o whole_a universe_n therefore_o such_o a_o surmise_n or_o suggestion_n may_v be_v regular_o consistent_v with_o the_o law_n of_o fiction_n and_o consequent_o
practicable_a for_o the_o foundation_n of_o process_n action_n or_o judicial_a proceed_n but_o it_o may_v be_v otherwise_o of_o certain_a thing_n which_o if_o you_o assay_v by_o a_o surmise_n to_o remove_v from_o their_o proper_a element_n you_o may_v seem_v as_o it_o be_v to_o annihilate_v the_o thing_n itself_o or_o endeavour_v a_o representation_n of_o such_o nonentities_a by_o a_o mere_a conception_n of_o word_n you_o may_v seem_v as_o it_o be_v to_o attempt_v incapability_n which_o the_o law_n understand_v not_o or_o no_o other_o than_o the_o ebolition_n of_o fancy_n for_o ex_fw-la nihilo_fw-la nihil_fw-la fit_n nor_o be_v it_o controvert_v whether_o a_o delinquent_n for_o adherency_n with_o the_o king_n enemy_n beyond_o sea_n shall_v be_v try_v in_o england_n no_o question_n but_o such_o adherency_n without_o the_o kingdom_n to_o accommodate_v the_o matter_n for_o trial_n somewhere_o and_o to_o prevent_v a_o total_a failure_n of_o justice_n may_v according_o to_o law_n be_v allege_v to_o have_v be_v make_v in_o some_o place_n within_o the_o kingdom_n because_o a_o fact_n of_o that_o kind_n be_v within_o the_o notion_n of_o nature_n and_o reason_n capable_a of_o a_o be_v in_o either_o but_o it_o do_v not_o thence_o follow_v that_o the_o collision_n of_o one_o ship_n against_o another_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o wind_n and_o tide_n be_v and_o capable_a of_o happen_v where_o terra_n firma_fw-la be_v not_o may_v according_a to_o rule_n of_o law_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v happen_v in_o the_o ward_n of_o cheap_a when_o possible_o or_o in_o truth_n the_o say_a casualty_n do_v happen_v super_fw-la altum_fw-la mare_fw-la it_o may_v be_v sixty_o league_n westward_o of_o the_o cassiterides_n or_o isle_n of_o scilly_n and_o this_o not_o so_o much_o to_o accommodate_v the_o matter_n for_o a_o trial_n at_o law_n somewhere_o for_o prevention_n of_o a_o total_a failure_n of_o justice_n as_o in_o the_o former_a case_n as_o to_o remove_v a_o trial_n already_o in_o be_v from_o one_o jurisdiction_n to_o another_o &_o light_fw-la pendent_fw-la ad_fw-la aliud_fw-la examen_fw-la there_o be_v a_o double_a difference_n and_o of_o wide_a dimension_n between_o the_o say_a instance_n and_o the_o true_a state_n of_o the_o case_n in_o hand_n first_o that_o way_n of_o argue_v hold_v well_o and_o rational_o to_o create_v a_o trial_n in_o case_n of_o necessity_n where_o otherwise_o justice_n may_v total_o fail_v for_o want_v of_o a_o competent_a tribunal_n in_o order_n thereto_o and_o here_o there_o be_v no_o opponent_n for_o the_o objection_n be_v of_o another_o nature_n as_o when_o surmize_n and_o suggestion_n be_v use_v as_o a_o remedy_n extraordinary_a where_o the_o ordinary_a mean_n fail_v not_o and_o that_o not_o so_o much_o to_o beget_v a_o trial_n which_o otherwise_o can_v have_v no_o be_v as_o to_o remove_v a_o trial_n actual_o in_o be_v second_o there_o be_v a_o vast_a difference_n in_o law_n between_o person_n and_o thing_n in_o reference_n to_o legal_a fiction_n as_o to_o their_o operation_n in_o judicial_a proceed_n for_o person_n in_o one_o place_n will_v without_o offence_n to_o the_o law_n admit_v of_o fiction_n to_o suppose_v they_o in_o any_o place_n but_o thing_n and_o action_n be_v ever_o to_o be_v accommodate_v as_o unto_o a_o possibility_n in_o nature_n so_o to_o rationality_n and_o equity_n in_o act_n insomuch_o that_o if_o by_o any_o manner_n of_o suppose_v they_o happen_v to_o be_v strain_v beyond_o either_o of_o these_o all_o the_o superstructure_n may_v fall_v for_o want_n of_o sufficient_a foundation_n though_o it_o be_v very_o true_a what_o spiegelius_fw-la once_o say_v fingi_fw-la lites_n poterunt_fw-la ut_fw-la transactio_fw-la fiat_fw-la citra_fw-la praetoris_fw-la authoritatem_fw-la yet_o most_o apt_a and_o true_a also_o be_v that_o of_o ulpian_n transact_v fictio_fw-la privata_fw-la &_o illicita_fw-la nihil_fw-la distat_fw-la à _fw-la fraudulent_a a_o simulatione_fw-la the_o reason_n in_o law_n be_v because_o as_o all_o legal_a fiction_n must_v ever_o imitate_v nature_n itself_o in_o re_fw-la possibili_fw-la though_o it_o be_v adversus_fw-la veritatem_fw-la so_o it_o must_v also_o be_v legis_fw-la ex_fw-la justa_fw-la causa_fw-la dispositio_fw-la it_o be_v say_v 440._o that_o a_o obligation_n make_v beyond_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v sue_v in_o what_o place_n in_o england_n the_o plaintiff_n please_v insomuch_o that_o notwithstanding_o it_o bear_v date_n at_o bordeaux_n in_o france_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v to_o be_v make_v in_o quodam_fw-la loco_fw-la vocat_fw-la '_o bordeaux_n in_o france_n in_o islington_n in_o the_o county_n of_o middlesex_n and_o there_o it_o shall_v be_v try_v for_o as_o it_o be_v there_o far_o add_v in_o that_o case_n it_o be_v not_o traversable_a whether_o there_o be_v such_o a_o place_n in_o islington_n or_o no._n but_o yet_o the_o renown_a littleton_n say_v plain_o as_o be_v before_o observe_v that_o a_o thing_n do_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n may_v not_o be_v try_v within_o the_o realm_n by_o the_o oath_n of_o twelve_o man_n 440._o if_o a_o obligation_n preamble_n make_v beyond_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v sue_v here_o in_o england_n in_o whatsoever_o place_n the_o plaintiff_n please_v admit_v the_o intraversability_n of_o the_o place_n it_o follow_v that_o a_o thing_n do_v at_o bordeaux_n in_o france_n may_v be_v try_v in_o middlesex_n in_o england_n and_o that_o which_o be_v do_v in_o the_o east-indies_n may_v be_v try_v in_o the_o ward_n of_o cheap_a if_o it_o be_v admit_v that_o the_o word_n of_o the_o incomparable_a littleton_n viz._n out_o of_o the_o realm_n and_n the_o word_n of_o the_o lord_n coke_n viz._n beyond_o the_o sea_n do_v according_a to_o the_o intendment_n here_o agree_v in_o parity_n of_o sense_n though_o in_o other_o case_n very_o distinguishable_a than_o it_o will_v seem_v as_o if_o there_o be_v some_o need_n of_o a_o person_n dexterous_a at_o gordian_a knot_n in_o this_o point_n that_o may_v not_o alexander-like_a cut_n instead_o of_o untie_v the_o same_o who_o withal_o must_v remember_v what_o the_o lord_n coke_n himself_o there_o say_v in_o the_o close_a of_o that_o bordeaux_n case_n in_o islington_n viz._n that_o these_o point_n be_v necessary_a to_o be_v know_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o variety_n of_o opinion_n in_o our_o book_n whereby_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o there_o be_v not_o that_o universal_a unanimity_n of_o consent_n in_o this_o point_n as_o to_o render_v it_o indubitable_a so_o that_o although_o a_o surmise_n or_o suggestion_n shall_v translocate_v bordeaux_n into_o islington_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v gainsay_v but_o that_o the_o great_a oracle_n of_o the_o law_n assert_n that_o thing_n do_v without_o the_o realm_n can_v be_v try_v within_o the_o realm_n by_o the_o oath_n of_o twelve_o man_n where_o the_o locality_n be_v mere_o circumstantial_a to_o the_o fact_n and_o not_o withal_o essential_a to_o a_o jurisdiction_n in_o that_o case_n the_o intraversability_n of_o the_o place_n need_v not_o be_v so_o considerable_a as_o when_o a_o right_a of_o cognizance_n admit_v dispute_v by_o reason_n of_o such_o locality_n or_o the_o claim_n of_o another_o jurisdiction_n not_o inadmissable_a special_o of_o such_o a_o jurisdiction_n as_o main_o calculate_v her_o cognizance_n according_a to_o the_o meridian_n of_o that_o place_n where_o the_o thing_n or_o ground_n of_o action_n receive_v its_o origination_n and_o where_o the_o very_a locality_n become_v as_o it_o be_v one_o essential_a to_o the_o jurisdiction_n itself_o and_o where_o by_o such_o a_o intraversability_n of_o the_o place_n though_o only_o surmise_a it_o become_v not_o impossible_a but_o that_o a_o competent_a jurisdiction_n may_v happen_v to_o be_v quoad_fw-la hoc_fw-la exclude_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n have_v ever_o be_v of_o the_o complain_v hand_n touch_v the_o inconvenience_n through_o uncertainty_n of_o jurisdiction_n as_o to_o the_o cognizance_n and_o trial_n of_o cause_n maritime_a may_v apt_o say_v with_o the_o lord_n coke_n 74._o miserable_fw-la est_fw-la servitus_fw-la ubi_fw-la jus_o est_fw-la vagum_fw-la aut_fw-la incognitum_fw-la it_o have_v be_v say_v 22._o that_o if_o a_o indenture_n bond_n or_o other_o specialty_n or_o any_o contract_n be_v make_v beyond_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o do_v of_o any_o act_n or_o payment_n of_o any_o money_n within_o the_o realm_n that_o in_o such_o case_n the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n have_v not_o any_o jurisdiction_n and_o that_o therefore_o prohibition_n have_v be_v grant_v as_o by_o law_n they_o ought_v when_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n have_v deal_v therewith_o in_o derogation_n of_o the_o common_a law_n if_o instance_n of_o award_v prohibition_n shall_v amount_v to_o a_o general_a rule_n without_o exception_n the_o admiralty_n will_v seem_v to_o have_v make_v in_o former_a time_n many_o frivolous_a complaint_n it_o be_v presume_v all_o man_n will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o a_o transmarine_a contract_n to_o be_v a_o maritime_a
and_o to_o award_v satisfaction_n to_o such_o as_o suffer_v wrong_a and_o damage_n but_o also_o that_o those_o very_a law_n and_o statute_n which_o be_v so_o to_o be_v correct_v declare_v expound_v and_o conserve_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o admiralty_n be_v the_o sea-law_n publish_v at_o oleron_n by_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o so_o that_o the_o say_v law_n of_o oleron_n give_v the_o rule_n and_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o usage_n concern_v the_o admiralty_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o whereof_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o 13_o r._n 2._o speak_v and_o by_o which_o law_n all_o maritime_a affair_n whether_o upon_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v proper_o cognizable_a in_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n and_o in_o those_o law_n of_o oleron_n so_o publish_v by_o richard_n the_o first_o be_v comprehend_v the_o matter_n of_o admiral_n cognizance_n whereunto_o that_o form_n of_o proceed_n in_o these_o record_n mention_v to_o be_v ordain_v by_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o afterward_o to_o be_v resume_v revive_v and_o continue_v by_o edward_n the_o three_o relate_v which_o very_a record_n be_v also_o verbatim_o transcribe_v and_o publish_v by_o the_o lord_n coke_n in_o that_o part_n of_o his_o instit_n concern_v the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n which_o speak_v of_o the_o superiority_n of_o england_n over_o the_o british_a sea_n and_o of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n which_o he_o there_o prove_v express_o as_o high_a as_o to_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o by_o good_a inference_n of_o antiquity_n and_o ancient_a record_n much_o high_a 3._o for_o it_o appear_v by_o ancient_a record_n that_o not_o only_o in_o the_o day_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o but_o also_o in_o the_o day_n of_o king_n john_n all_o cause_n of_o merchant_n and_o mariner_n and_o thing_n happen_v within_o the_o floud-mark_a be_v ever_o try_v before_o the_o lord_n admiral_n admiral_n again_o for_o the_o clear_a understanding_n of_o what_o be_v the_o usage_n in_o the_o time_n of_o ed._n 3._o concern_v the_o admiralty_n it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o these_o record_n in_o edward_n the_o three_o time_n it_o be_v say_v that_o a_o consultation_n be_v have_v and_o the_o whole_a bench_n of_o judge_n advise_v with_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o form_n of_o proceed_n heretofore_o ordain_v by_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o his_o council_n shall_v be_v resume_v and_o continue_v not_o only_o for_o the_o retain_v and_o conserve_n the_o ancient_a superiority_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n but_o also_o the_o office_n of_o the_o admiralty_n as_o to_o the_o correct_v expound_v conserve_n and_o declare_v the_o law_n and_o statute_n long_o since_o make_v by_o his_o predecessor_n for_o the_o maintain_n of_o peace_n and_o justice_n etc._n etc._n if_o upon_o a_o full_a consultation_n in_o ed._n the_o three_o time_n that_o form_n of_o proceed_n which_o have_v be_v former_o ordain_v by_o ed._n the_o first_o and_o his_o council_n shall_v be_v again_o resume_v and_o continue_v it_o seem_v then_o requisite_a in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o inquire_v a_o little_a far_o what_o be_v ordain_v by_o the_o say_v edward_n the_o first_o and_o his_o council_n over_o and_o above_o what_o be_v already_o mention_v in_o the_o say_a record_n and_o it_o appear_v that_o in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o say_v ed._n the_o first_o thâ—râ—_n be_v a_o good_a provision_n and_o remedy_n ordain_v for_o such_o complainants_n as_n by_o prohibitâ—ons_n issue_v out_o of_o one_o court_n to_o surcease_v the_o legal_a prosecution_n of_o their_o right_n in_o another_o can_v obtain_v redress_n in_o neither_o for_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o writ_n of_o consultation_n in_o anno_fw-la 24_o ed._n 1._o it_o be_v enact_v that_o where_o there_o be_v a_o surcease_n of_o proceed_n upon_o prohibition_n and_o the_o complainants_n can_v have_v no_o remedy_n in_o the_o king_n court_n that_o then_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n or_o lord_n chief_a justice_n upon_o sight_n of_o the_o libel_n shall_v write_v to_o the_o judge_n before_o who_o the_o cause_n be_v first_o move_v that_o they_o proceed_v therein_o notwithstanding_o the_o king_n prohibition_n direct_v to_o they_o before_o in_o a_o word_n therefore_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o 13_o r._n 2._o mention_n the_o usage_n in_o the_o time_n of_o ed._n 3._o edward_n the_o three_o resume_v and_o continue_v the_o law_n of_o oleron_n publish_v by_o rich._n 1._o and_o what_o be_v ordain_v in_o the_o time_n of_o ed._n 1._o and_o edward_n the_o first_o ordain_v as_o in_o the_o record_n aforesaid_a and_o statute_n of_o consultation_n the_o expositor_n of_o the_o term_n of_o law_n in_o his_o description_n of_o the_o lord_n admiral_n admiral_n say_z that_o he_o be_v a_o officer_n to_o judge_n of_o con_fw-mi contract_n between_o party_n and_o party_n concern_v thing_n do_v upon_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o another_o of_o ancient_a authority_n it_o be_v say_v in_o these_o word_n 2._o viz._n that_o if_o a_o obligation_n bear_v date_n out_o of_o the_o realm_n as_o in_o spain_n france_n or_o such_o other_o it_o be_v say_v in_o the_o law_n and_o truth_n it_o be_v they_o be_v the_o author_n word_n that_o they_o be_v not_o pleadable_a at_o the_o common_a law_n also_o the_o learned_a mr._n selden_n in_o the_o forecited_n place_n say_v that_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o common_a law_n extend_v not_o itself_o beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o without_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n for_o as_o he_o speak_v 24._o in_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n it_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o privilege_n of_o such_o as_o be_v absent_a that_o they_o who_o shall_v be_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n at_o the_o levy_n of_o a_o fine_a of_o any_o land_n and_o make_v proclamation_n thereupon_o be_v not_o so_o bind_v either_o by_o a_o yearly_a prescription_n as_o heretofore_o or_o by_o a_o five_o year_n prescription_n as_o be_v usual_a of_o late_a time_n but_o that_o their_o right_n remain_v entire_a to_o they_o upon_o their_o return_n home_o so_o that_o be_v beyond_o sea_n and_o without_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n at_o that_o time_n and_o nothing_o of_o prejudice_n in_o that_o case_n fasten_v on_o they_o by_o reason_n of_o any_o non-appearance_n it_o seem_v as_o without_o the_o reach_n of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o mr._n selden_n in_o the_o same_o place_n prove_v that_o to_o be_v beyond_o the_o sea_n or_o extra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la maria_fw-la do_v in_o the_o common_a law-book_n signify_v the_o very_a same_o thing_n with_o extra_fw-la regnum_fw-la and_o again_o mr._n selden_n for_o it_o be_v but_o due_a as_o well_o to_o the_o truth_n as_o his_o memory_n to_o repeat_v his_o authority_n in_o the_o same_o place_n assert_n concern_v thing_n relate_v to_o action_n for_o matter_n maritime_a that_o they_o be_v not_o wont_a to_o be_v enter_v in_o express_a term_n heretofore_o alia_fw-la in_o the_o ordinary_a court_n of_o the_o common_a law_n who_o jurisdiction_n be_v ever_o esteem_v of_o such_o a_o nature_n that_o a_o action_n institute_v about_o a_o matter_n arise_v in_o any_o other_o place_n then_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v by_o the_o ancient_a strict_a law_n always_o to_o be_v reject_v by_o they_o after_o which_o manner_n as_o it_o have_v be_v a_o custom_n now_o for_o many_o year_n that_o a_o action_n ought_v to_o be_v reject_v unless_o the_o matter_n have_v its_o rise_n within_o the_o body_n as_o they_o call_v it_o of_o the_o county_n that_o be_v within_o some_o province_n or_o county_n of_o the_o island_n usual_o give_v in_o charge_n to_o certain_a governor_n or_o officer_n know_v to_o we_o by_o the_o name_n of_o sheriff_n so_o also_o be_v it_o in_o the_o sea-province_n belong_v by_o the_o ancient_a receive_v custom_n to_o the_o high_a admiral_n or_o his_o deputy_n not_o only_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v its_o defence_n and_o guard_n but_o also_o as_o to_o matter_n of_o jurisdiction_n likewise_o in_o the_o same_o place_n mr._n selden_n in_o honour_n of_o the_o admiralty_n say_v that_o in_o ancient_a record_n 12._o concern_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n it_o be_v a_o usual_a custom_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o and_o of_o other_o king_n both_o before_o and_o after_o he_o that_o if_o any_o man_n accuse_v of_o a_o capital_a crime_n do_v by_o sea_n be_v public_o call_v five_o time_n by_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o crier_n after_o so_o many_o several_a day_n assign_v do_v not_o make_v his_o appearance_n in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n he_o be_v banish_v out_o of_o england_n &_o de_fw-fr mer_fw-fr appertinent_a au_fw-fr roy_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr or_o out_o of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o forty_o year_n more_o or_o
roman_n &_o carthaginian_n have_v ascribe_v it_o to_o themselves_o but_o the_o greek_n confident_o assert_v that_o minos_n king_n of_o crete_n have_v the_o first_o sovereign_a empire_n over_o the_o sea_n and_o thence_o will_v fain_o have_v it_o over_o our_o faith_n also_o as_o if_o saturn_n king_n of_o crete_n see_v his_o son_n neptune_n to_o have_v invent_v the_o art_n of_o navigation_n give_v he_o the_o command_n of_o his_o navy_n at_o sea_n which_o he_o manage_v with_o such_o success_n that_o after-age_n sacrifice_v to_o he_o as_o to_o a_o god_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o that_o minos_n be_v descend_v of_o saturn_n by_o his_o son_n jupiter_n have_v afterward_o obtain_v the_o superintendency_n and_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n leave_v it_o to_o his_o successor_n notwithstanding_o which_o the_o syrian_n egyptian_n cyprian_n rhodian_n but_o special_o the_o phoenician_n have_v in_o all_o former_a age_n have_v the_o honour_n of_o be_v repute_v the_o most_o valiant_a and_o expert_a artist_n at_o sea_n in_o maritime_a affair_n and_o that_o from_o the_o excellent_a conduct_n and_o government_n of_o their_o navy_n beyond_o all_o other_o nation_n and_o country_n whatsoever_o but_o the_o corinthian_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v the_o first_o that_o ever_o form_v or_o model_v navy_n at_o sea_n in_o a_o classical_a way_n 3._o the_o athenian_n have_v two_o chief_a magistrate_n for_o the_o maritime_a affair_n the_o one_o be_v to_o provide_v such_o a_o number_n of_o ship_n for_o this_o or_o that_o design_n each_o captain_n have_v in_o charge_n to_o see_v to_o the_o equip_v of_o his_o own_o vessel_n these_o captain_n they_o call_v trierarchy_n the_o other_o have_v power_n of_o set_v they_o to_o sea_n and_o of_o order_v they_o home_o again_o at_o his_o pleasure_n who_o they_o call_v magistratus_fw-la rei_fw-la nauticae_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la habens_fw-la qui_fw-la trierarchis_n jura_fw-la reddebat_fw-la and_o order_v the_o several_a squadron_n to_o such_o or_o such_o station_n and_o place_n of_o rendezvous_n and_o discharge_v they_o as_o he_o think_v fit_a this_o be_v that_o thalassiarchus_n or_o admiral_n of_o the_o athenian_n clesiph_n who_o sometime_o have_v more_o admiral_n be_v then_o one_o at_o once_o as_o niceas_n and_o demosthenes_n at_o other_o time_n but_o one_o only_a as_o alcibiades_n pericles_z simon_n and_o other_o likewise_o under_o alexander_n the_o great_a and_o his_o successor_n king_n of_o syria_n and_o egypt_n there_o be_v divers_a admiral_n whereof_o some_o be_v grecian_n other_o of_o other_z country_n such_o be_v nearchus_n onesicratuâ—_n beton_n diognot_n and_o other_o as_o also_o patroclus_n under_z nicanor_z and_o seleucus_n of_o the_o syrian_a monarchy_n but_o most_o memorable_a be_v that_o commission_n which_o be_v by_o ptolomeus_n philadelphus_n give_v to_o decearchus_n as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v to_o take_v a_o exact_a measure_n of_o the_o circumfercnce_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n by_o a_o line_n of_o navigation_n among_o the_o phoenician_n the_o tyrian_n and_o zidonian_o be_v the_o most_o eminent_a in_o all_o maritime_a affair_n as_o be_v former_o hint_v these_z not_o only_o transport_v from_o place_n to_o place_n variety_n of_o merchandize_n till_o then_o unknown_a to_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n but_o also_o make_v divers_a new_a discovery_n and_o plant_v colony_n therein_o as_o at_o vtick_n hippone_v and_o lepte_n in_o africa_n at_o thebes_n in_o greece_n and_o egypt_n and_o at_o gades_n and_o carthage_n that_o carthage_n which_o be_v in_o spain_n but_o of_o all_o africa_a the_o other_o carthage_n once_o lord_n of_o the_o levant_n the_o chief_a for_o sea-affair_n who_o admiral_n hanno_n by_o order_n of_o the_o senate_n discover_v the_o utmost_a coast_n of_o africa_n even_o to_o one_o degree_n of_o the_o aequinoctial_a and_o their_o other_o admiral_n hamilco_n discover_v all_o that_o part_n of_o europe_n which_o till_o then_o lie_v as_o sub-incognito_a to_o the_o carthaginian_n in_o the_o eastern_a empire_n he_o that_o be_v high_a admiral_n be_v style_v drungarius_n as_o drungarius_n navigiorum_fw-la constantinopoli_fw-it drungarius_n classis_fw-la drungarius_n mari_fw-fr praefectus_fw-la drungarius_n magnus_n 35._o although_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o this_o be_v a_o general_a word_n with_o they_o or_o a_o word_n which_o signify_v general_n as_o well_o by_o land_n as_o by_o sea_n qui_fw-la drungis_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la globis_fw-la militum_fw-la imperabant_fw-la vopiscus_n this_o magnus_n drungarius_n classis_fw-la be_v a_o subordinate_a officer_n or_o naval_a magistrate_n under_o their_o great_a duke_n 1059._o and_o be_v also_o style_v ameralius_n which_o with_o they_o be_v likewise_o a_o common_a appellation_n for_o terrene_a prince_n thus_o the_o tyrant_n of_o babylon_n be_v call_v amiralius_n auctuar_n thus_o huntindon_n speak_v of_o twelve_o amiralios_n paganorum_fw-la that_o be_v slay_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o antioch_n thus_o matth._n paris_n in_o will._n 2._o speak_v of_o 29_o reges_a &_o amiralios_n at_o once_o appoint_v for_o the_o war_n by_o corbaranus_n thus_o robert_n the_o monk_n huntindon_n make_v mention_n of_o the_o son_n of_o cassianus_n king_n of_o antioch_n and_o twelve_o admiraldi_n of_o the_o king_n of_o babylon_n slay_v in_o battle_n who_o with_o a_o army_n he_o have_v send_v to_o aid_v the_o say_a king_n of_o antioch_n thus_o the_o agent_n or_o ambassador_n of_o the_o the_o king_n of_o babylon_n style_v the_o say_a king_n himself_o admiraldum_n we_o dominus_fw-la noster_fw-la admiraldus_fw-la babyloniae_fw-la mandat_fw-la vobis_fw-la francorum_fw-la principibus_fw-la salutem_fw-la thus_o nabuchodonosor_n king_n of_o babylon_n be_v style_v admiralius_n aquitan_n thus_o we_o also_o find_v a_o chieftain_n of_o a_o bow-militia_n style_v arcubalistariorum_n admiralius_n monstreletus_n so_o that_o ancient_o this_o word_n ameralius_n or_o admiralius_n do_v signify_v as_o well_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a of_o the_o army_n by_o land_n as_o of_o the_o navy_n by_o sea_n and_o sometime_o the_o office_n or_o dignity_n of_o king_n and_o prince_n or_o other_o sovereign_n of_o supreme_a authority_n but_o this_o you_o be_v to_o limit_v only_o to_o the_o turk_n and_o asiatic_o again_o in_o the_o eastern_a empire_n there_o be_v no_o less_o than_o four_o admiral_n or_o amiraei_fw-la there_o proper_o so_o call_v at_o once_o for_o that_o mahomet_n or_o rather_o muhammad_n appoint_v four_o praetor_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o saracen_n which_o be_v call_v ameraei_n 46._o and_o that_o muhamed_a a_o little_a before_o his_o death_n constitute_v four_o ameraeos_fw-la qui_fw-la debellarent_fw-la omnes_fw-la ex_fw-la genere_fw-la arabum_n christianos_n citatus_fw-la these_o four_o ameraei_n be_v also_o call_v quatuor_fw-la admirantes_fw-la and_o of_o these_o four_o admiral_n with_o the_o saracen_n the_o one_o have_v the_o sea-command_a of_o egypt_n and_o africa_n two_o other_o thereof_o divide_v the_o spanish_a coast_n betwixt_o they_o and_o the_o four_o have_v palestine_n and_o the_o coast_n of_o syria_n but_o many_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o before_o charlemaigne_n the_o saracen_n have_v but_o one_o admiral_n viz._n addala_n after_o he_o aron_n and_o after_o he_o mabarmad_a which_o charlemaigne_n have_v war_n with_o his_o brother_n haldala_n and_o be_v more_o than_o half_o conquer_v by_o he_o condescend_v that_o the_o sarazen_n shall_v have_v two_o admiral_n for_o one_o and_o turpin_n who_o be_v secretary_n to_o the_o say_a emperor_n charlemaigne_n acquaint_v we_o with_o a_o admiral_n of_o babylon_n who_o come_v to_o the_o succour_n and_o relief_n of_o the_o saracen_n of_o spain_n against_o the_o french_a as_o also_o of_o another_o admiral_n viz._n galaffre_v a_o very_a potent_a favourite_n with_o the_o say_a emperor_n 20._o under_o the_o roman_a state_n when_o pompey_n band_v with_o caesar_n for_o the_o sovereignty_n there_o be_v several_a admiral_n well_o nigh_o as_o many_o as_o the_o nation_n be_v which_o aid_v either_o party_n with_o ship_n as_o the_o egyptian_n asiatic_n rhodian_n syrian_n achaian_n and_o other_o over_o who_o m._n bibulus_n be_v lord_n high_a admiral_n but_o when_o the_o government_n be_v reduce_v to_o a_o establishment_n the_o admiralty_n be_v settle_v also_o which_o not_o long_o after_o be_v again_o divide_v into_o two_o part_n for_o there_o be_v one_o admiralty_n at_o misene_n and_o the_o adjacent_a poâ—â—s_n for_o the_o south_n another_o at_o ravenne_n towards_o the_o east_n which_o two_o for_o distinction_n sake_n they_o call_v the_o high_a and_o low_a sea_n each_o whereof_o be_v under_o the_o command_n of_o his_o proper_a admiral_n who_o they_o call_v praefectus_fw-la classis_fw-la as_o the_o captain_n of_o their_o ship_n be_v know_v by_o the_o style_n of_o navarchi_n it_o be_v also_o evident_a that_o in_o the_o roman_a empire_n there_o be_v ancient_o a_o company_n or_o society_n of_o owner_n and_o master_n of_o ship_n as_o also_o of_o merchant-adventurer_n at_o sea_n in_o the_o isle_n and_o city_n of_o rhodes_n which_o above_o all_o other_o place_n in_o the_o world_n have_v once_o the_o prerogative_n