it_o be_v bind_v so_o it_o be_v perpetual_a and_o can_v be_v reject_v as_o the_o roman_a civil_a law_n be_v reject_v in_o most_o of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o europe_n in_o such_o case_n as_o do_v arise_v within_o the_o body_n of_o every_o kingdom_n in_o france_n philip_n le_fw-fr bell_n say_v bodin_n de_fw-la repub._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 8._o li.2.cap.8_n when_o he_o erect_v the_o court_n of_o parliament_n at_o paris_n and_o mountpelier_n do_v express_o declare_v that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v bind_v in_o their_o judgement_n by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o roman_a civil_a law_n and_o in_o erect_v of_o all_o the_o university_n of_o france_n they_o be_v charge_v in_o their_o several_a charter_n not_o to_o revive_v the_o profession_n of_o the_o civil_a and_o common_a law_n as_o of_o bind_v law_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o earum_fw-la non_fw-la imperio_fw-la sed_fw-la ratione_fw-la utimur_fw-la say_v another_o learned_a doctor_n of_o france_n in_o spain_n say_v bodin_n bodin_n in_o the_o same_o place_n several_a king_n have_v make_v edict_n that_o no_o man_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n shall_v allege_v the_o roman_a civil_a law_n as_o a_o bind_a law_n in_o their_o dominion_n and_o that_o stephen_n king_n of_o spain_n spain_n do_v forbid_v the_o public_a plead_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n as_o for_o england_n to_o omit_v what_o pope_n elutherius_n eluther_n write_v in_o his_o epistle_n to_o lucius_n the_o first_o christian_a monarch_n of_o the_o briton_n and_o whereof_o mention_n be_v make_v in_o saint_n edward_n law_n de_fw-fr protestate_fw-la regius_fw-la et_fw-la ecclesiastica_fw-la publish_v in_o the_o time_n of_o 3_o hen._n 8_o petiistis_fw-la say_v he_o leges_fw-la romanas_fw-la et_fw-la caesaris_fw-la vobis_fw-la transmitti_fw-la quibus_fw-la in_fw-la regno_fw-la britaniae_fw-la uti_fw-la voluistis_fw-la leges_fw-la romanas_fw-la et_fw-la caesaris_fw-la reprobare_fw-la possumus_fw-la legem_fw-la dei_fw-la nequaquam_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o a_o parliament_n hold_v in_o england_n 11_o r._n 2._o when_o a_o course_n of_o proceed_n in_o criminal_a cause_n according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v propound_v a_o answer_n be_v make_v by_o all_o the_o state_n assemble_v that_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n neither_o have_v be_v informer_n time_n nor_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v rule_v and_o govern_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n rot._n parliament_n 11_o r._n 2._o in_fw-la archivis_fw-la turris_fw-la london_n and_o according_o chopinus_n chopinn_z the_o french_a lawyer_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr domino_fw-la francia_fw-la tit._n 28._o speak_v of_o the_o civil_a law_n huius_fw-la romani_fw-la juris_fw-la say_v he_o nullus_fw-la apud_fw-la anglos_fw-la usus_fw-la sed_fw-la ex_fw-la veteri_fw-la gentis_fw-la instituto_fw-la britani_n reguntur_fw-la legibus_fw-la municipialibus_fw-la quas_fw-la illis_fw-la majorum_fw-la mores_fw-la praescripserunt_fw-la but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o cause_n arise_v within_o the_o land_n only_o for_o all_o marine_a and_o sea_n cause_v which_o do_v arise_v for_o the_o most_o part_n concerning_o merch_n and_o merchandize_n cross_v the_o sea_n our_o king_n have_v ever_o use_v the_o roman_a civil_a law_n for_o the_o decide_v and_o determine_v thereof_o as_o the_o roman_n do_v use_v the_o law_n of_o the_o rhodian_n rhodian_n in_o those_o case_n according_a to_o the_o memorable_a rescript_n of_o the_o emperor_n antonius_n terram_fw-la suis_fw-la legibus_fw-la rhodiis_fw-la regi_fw-la how_o be_v it_o now_o those_o law_n of_o the_o rhodian_n be_v digest_v and_o incorporate_v into_o one_o body_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o jurisdiction_n touch_v cause_n arise_v upon_o the_o sea_n be_v commit_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o his_o admiral_n who_o in_o his_o court_n of_o admiralty_n do_v proceed_v in_o those_o case_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n now_o for_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n touch_v the_o power_n of_o king_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n the_o same_o be_v clear_a without_o question_n and_o observe_v without_o contradiction_n in_o all_o the_o nation_n of_o the_o world_n regiitantum_fw-la juris_fw-la ac_fw-la muneris_fw-la est_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la imponere_fw-la redditus_fw-la seu_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la portus_fw-la quae_fw-la perveniant_fw-la ex_fw-la his_fw-la quae_fw-la in_fw-la portum_fw-la vel_fw-la ex_fw-la portu_fw-la vehentur_fw-la regalia_fw-la sunt_fw-la rex_fw-la qui_fw-la non_fw-la recognoscit_fw-la superior_a they_o potest_fw-la instituere_fw-la nova_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la etc._n etc._n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la jus_fw-la totius_fw-la mundi_fw-la totus_fw-la mundus_fw-la hoc_fw-la jure_fw-la utitur_fw-la the_o d._n doctor_n who_o interpret_v the_o imperial_a law_n have_v their_o book_n full_a of_o these_o rule_n and_o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o these_o rule_n of_o the_o imperial_a law_n be_v only_o intend_v of_o the_o emperor_n a_o learned_a civilian_n have_v this_o position_n plus_fw-la juris_fw-la habet_fw-la rex_fw-la in_fw-la regno_fw-la quam_fw-la imperator_fw-la in_fw-la imperio_fw-la quia_fw-la rex_fw-la transmittit_fw-la regnum_fw-la ad_fw-la successionem_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la facit_fw-la imperator_fw-la quy_a tantum_fw-la electionis_fw-la etc._n etc._n last_o when_o i_o speak_v of_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o make_v use_n thereof_o i_o do_v apply_v the_o same_o only_a in_o case_n of_o merchandize_n cross_v the_o sea_n which_o i_o do_v express_v by_o way_n of_o protestation_n that_o i_o may_v not_o be_v mistake_v here_o and_o in_o other_o place_n where_o i_o cite_v the_o text_n of_o the_o imperial_a law_n as_o if_o i_o intend_v that_o law_n to_o be_v of_o force_n in_o england_n general_o as_o in_o other_o place_n chap._n v._o of_o the_o canon_n or_o ecelesiastical_a law_n and_o how_o far_o forth_o it_o do_v examine_v and_o resolve_v this_o question_n in_o case_n of_o conscience_n only_o the_o canon_n law_n law_n be_v receive_v and_o admit_v in_o england_n as_o a_o binding-law_n in_o case_n ecclesiastical_a which_o be_v indeed_o the_o proper_a subject_n of_o that_o law_n but_o this_o question_n of_o imposition_n be_v mere_o civil_a and_o therefore_o the_o canon_n law_n do_v not_o handle_v it_o but_o in_o case_n of_o conscience_n only_o and_o so_o indeed_o it_o do_v examine_v and_o determine_v in_o what_o case_n a_o absolute_a prince_n may_v with_o a_o good_a conscience_n lay_v and_o demand_v new_a imposition_n decret._n causae_fw-la 24._o quaesti_fw-la 3._o 3_o princeps_fw-la potest_fw-la indicere_fw-la nova_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la and_o in_o summa_fw-la summarum_fw-la tit._n degabellis_fw-la et_fw-la exactionibus_fw-la these_o rule_n and_o distinction_n be_v lay_v down_o quilibet_fw-la monarcha_fw-la potest_fw-la imponere_fw-la novum_fw-la vectigal_fw-la quod_fw-la tamen_fw-la boni_fw-la viri_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la moderaudum_fw-la est_fw-la potest_fw-la princeps_fw-la imponere_fw-la vectigal_fw-la ultra_fw-la conventiovem_fw-la in_fw-la duobue_fw-la casibus_fw-la i_o quando_fw-la redditus_fw-la ejus_fw-la non_fw-la sufficiunt_fw-la ad_fw-la segimen_fw-la boni_fw-la et_fw-la communis_fw-la et_fw-la decentiam_fw-la status_fw-la ejus_fw-la 2._o quando_fw-la non_fw-la sufficiunt_fw-la ex_fw-la nova_fw-la emergentia_fw-la principes_fw-la enim_fw-la sunt_fw-la à _fw-la deo_fw-la instituti_fw-la ut_fw-la nō_fw-la quaerant_fw-la propria_fw-la lucra_fw-la sed_fw-la communem_fw-la utilitatem_fw-la populorum_fw-la lilia_fw-la agri_fw-la neque_fw-la arant_fw-la neque_fw-la nent_fw-la which_o may_v be_v apply_v say_v a_o french_a monk_n to_o all_o prince_n but_o espicial_o to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n because_o they_o bear_v the_o lily_n the_o canonist_n canonist_n do_v likewise_o allege_v the_o example_n of_o our_o saviour_n who_o pay_v a_o imposition_n of_o poll-money_n poll-money_n and_o wrought_v a_o miracle_n to_o enable_v himself_o to_o do_v it_o that_o the_o tribute-money_n which_o christ_n command_v to_o be_v pay_v date_fw-la caefari_fw-la quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la caesaris_fw-la and_o the_o custom_n which_o saint_n paul_n paul_n will_v every_o christian_n to_o pay_v willing_o reddite_fw-la omnibus_fw-la cui_fw-la tributum_fw-la cuivectigal_fw-la be_v but_o imposition_n raise_v by_o the_o emperor_n edict_n only_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n and_o yet_o saint_n paul_n require_v obedience_n to_o prince_n in_o that_o case_n not_o only_o for_o fear_n of_o the_o prince_n displeasure_n but_o for_o conscience_n sake_n non_fw-la solum_fw-la propter_fw-la iram_fw-la sed_fw-la propter_fw-la conscientiam_fw-la chap._n vi_o that_o this_o question_n of_o imposition_n may_v be_v examine_v and_o decide_v as_o well_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o law_n before_o mention_v as_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o our_o municipial_n law_n or_o common_a law_n of_o england_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v law_n in_o all_o king_n dom_n and_o the_o law_n merchant_n be_v also_o a_o branch_n of_o that_o law_n and_o likewise_o the_o imperial_a or_o roman_a law_n have_v be_v ever_o admit_v have_v receive_v by_o the_o king_n and_o people_n of_o england_n in_o cause_n concerning_o merchant_n and_o merchandize_n and_o so_o be_v become_v the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n in_o those_o case_n why_o shall_v not_o this_o question_n of_o imposition_n be_v examine_v and_o decide_v by_o
come_v in_o and_o out_o of_o his_o stream_n and_o port_n with_o their_o ship_n and_o merchandize_n podagium_fw-la in_fw-la mari_fw-la debet_fw-la solvi_fw-la sicut_fw-la in_fw-la terra_fw-la si_fw-la sit_fw-la impositum_fw-la per_fw-la dominum_fw-la maris_fw-la say_v baldus_n and_o the_o right_n belong_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n say_v another_o doctor_n be_v ius_fw-la navigandi_fw-la jus_fw-la piscandi_fw-la jus_fw-la imponendi_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la pro_fw-la utroque_fw-la again_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v the_o like_a prerogative_n in_o the_o government_n of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n belong_v to_o this_o kingdom_n as_o other_o prince_n and_o state_n have_v within_o their_o dominion_n he_o must_v of_o necessity_n have_v the_o like_a absolute_a power_n as_o they_o all_o have_v to_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n import_v and_o export_v otherwise_o he_o can_v possible_o hold_v the_o balance_n of_o trade_n upright_o or_o preserve_v a_o equality_n of_o traffic_n between_o his_o own_o subject_n and_o the_o subject_n of_o foreign_a prince_n and_o consequent_o it_o will_v lie_v in_o the_o power_n of_o our_o neighbour_n to_o drain_v and_o draw_v away_o all_o our_o wealth_n in_o a_o short_a time_n or_o else_o to_o overthrow_v all_o trade_n and_o commerce_n between_o we_o and_o they_o at_o their_o pleasure_n and_o we_o shall_v have_v no_o mean_n to_o encounter_v or_o avoid_v the_o mischief_n for_o their_o prince_n have_v sole_a power_n to_o impose_v will_v have_v the_o sole_a make_n and_o manage_n of_o the_o market_n between_o their_o subject_n and_o we_o and_o consequent_o may_v set_v what_o price_n they_o please_v upon_o all_o merchandize_n enforce_v we_o to_o sell_v our_o commodity_n cheap_a and_o buy_v their_o commodity_n dear_a only_o by_o this_o advantage_n of_o lay_v imposition_n and_o therefore_o the_o king_n of_o england_n must_v of_o necessity_n have_v the_o same_o absolute_a power_n to_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n as_o other_o prince_n have_v as_o well_o ut_fw-la evitetur_fw-la absurdum_fw-la as_o to_o prevent_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o the_o equal_a balance_n of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n between_o his_o subject_n and_o the_o subject_n of_o foreign_a prince_n upon_o this_o reason_n when_o the_o duke_n of_o venice_n in_o the_o time_n of_o q._n eliz._n as_o be_v before_o express_v have_v lay_v a_o imposition_n of_o one_o ducat_n upon_o a_o 100_o li._n weight_n of_o currant_n carry_v out_o of_o his_o dominion_n by_o any_o english_a merchant_n the_o queen_n by_o special_a patent_n in_o the_o twelve_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n do_v enable_v the_o merchant_n which_o do_v trade_n into_o the_o levant_n to_o levy_v five_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n upon_o every_o 100_o livre._n weight_n of_o currant_n bring_v into_o england_n by_o any_o merchant_n stranger_n tempore_fw-la upon_o the_o like_a reason_n when_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n hen._n 8._o 8._o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o french_a king_n have_v raise_v the_o valuation_n of_o their_o money_n both_o so_o high_a as_o there_o grow_v not_o only_o a_o inequality_n of_o trade_n between_o their_o subject_n and_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n but_o our_o money_n stand_v at_o their_o former_a value_n be_v carry_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n in_o great_a quantity_n the_o king_n in_o the_o 24_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n grant_v a_o commission_n unto_o cardinal_n woolsey_n to_o enhance_v the_o value_n of_o english_a money_n likewise_o by_o that_o mean_n to_o set_v balance_n of_o trade_n even_o again_o and_o to_o keep_v our_o money_n within_o the_o realm_n upon_o the_o same_o reason_n of_o state_n when_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n 1614_o that_o now_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1614_o have_v lay_v a_o imposition_n of_o thirty_o upon_o the_o hundred_o on_o all_o merchandize_n import_v and_o export_v by_o stranger_n the_o french_a king_n hen._n 4._o be_v quick_o sensible_a of_o it_o and_o do_v forthwith_o impose_v the_o like_a in_o his_o kingdom_n then_o it_o follow_v of_o necessity_n that_o other_o nation_n shall_v follow_v and_o imitate_v they_o whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o commerce_n of_o merchant_n general_o throughout_o christendom_n begin_v to_o decay_v which_o be_v perceive_v by_o these_o two_o great_a prince_n they_o agree_v to_o take_v away_o those_o excessive_a imposition_n upon_o several_a treaty_n between_o they_o and_o the_o italian_n and_o after_o between_o they_o and_o the_o english_a and_o the_o dutch_a brief_o we_o find_v example_n in_o all_o age_n that_o whensoever_o by_o reason_n of_o war_n or_o for_o any_o other_o cause_n any_o foreign_a prince_n give_v the_o least_o impediment_n to_o merchant_n in_o their_o trade_n our_o prince_n give_v the_o like_a entertainment_n to_o their_o merchant_n again_o this_o be_v declare_v in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 30._o 30_o where_o it_o be_v plain_o express_v what_o entertainment_n the_o merchant_n of_o all_o nation_n shall_v expect_v in_o england_n habeant_fw-la salvum_fw-la et_fw-la securum_fw-la conductum_fw-la say_v the_o charter_n praeterquam_fw-la in_fw-la tempore_fw-la guerrae_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la fuerint_fw-la de_fw-la terra_fw-la contra_fw-la nos_fw-la guerrina_fw-la then_o as_o our_o merchant_n be_v use_v with_o they_o so_o shall_v their_o merchant_n be_v use_v with_o we_o 46_o edw._n 3._o 3_o the_o countess_n of_o flanders_n have_v arrest_v the_o good_n of_o the_o english_a merchant_n there_o the_o king_n in_o recompense_n of_o their_o loss_n grant_v unto_o they_o all_o the_o good_n of_o the_o fleming_n in_o england_n whereof_o there_o be_v a_o notable_a record_n mention_v before_o 1_o edw._n 3._o 3_o pat_o m_o 19_o in_o arch._n turris_n there_o be_v many_o other_o example_n of_o mutual_a embarment_n of_o trade_n between_o the_o fleming_n and_o we_o and_o also_o between_o we_o and_o the_o french_a man_n during_o our_o war_n with_o france_n which_o i_o omit_v i_o will_v recite_v only_o one_o precedent_n in_o the_o 40_o year_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n elizabeth_n at_o which_o time_n the_o merchant_n of_o the_o haunce_n town_n have_v by_o sinister_a information_n procure_v the_o emperor_n to_o banish_v our_o english_a merchant_n out_o of_o the_o empire_n the_o queen_n by_o her_o special_a commission_n do_v authorise_v the_o mayor_n and_o sheriff_n of_o london_n to_o repair_v to_o the_o still-yard_n be_v the_o hostell_n of_o the_o haunce_n to_o seize_v that_o house_n into_o her_o majesty_n hand_n and_o there_o to_o give_v warning_n to_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o haunce_n town_n to_o forbear_v traffic_n with_o any_o of_o her_o subject_n in_o england_n and_o to_o depart_v the_o realm_n upon_o that_o very_a day_n which_o be_v assign_v to_o our_o merchant_n to_o depart_v out_o of_o the_o empire_n last_o for_o the_o order_n and_o government_n of_o trade_n among_o our_o own_o merchant_n in_o foreign_a country_n and_o at_o home_n our_o king_n by_o their_o prerogative_n have_v institute_v divers_a society_n and_o company_n of_o merchant_n as_o the_o company_n of_o merchant_n adventure_n the_o muscovia_n company_n the_o turkey_n company_n the_o east_n india_n company_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o be_v create_v uphold_v and_o rule_v by_o the_o king_n charter_n only_o whereupon_o i_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v the_o same_o power_n in_o govern_v and_o balance_v trade_n as_o other_o prince_n have_v may_v just_o execute_v the_o same_o power_n as_o well_o by_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n as_o by_o the_o other_o mean_n which_o be_v before_o express_v chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o several_a objection_n that_o be_v make_v against_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o the_o several_a answer_n thereunto_o the_o first_o objection_n 1_o touch_v the_o property_n which_o all_o free_a subject_n have_v in_o their_o good_n first_o it_o be_v object_v that_o under_o a_o royal_a monarchy_n where_o the_o prince_n do_v govern_v by_o a_o positive_a law_n the_o subject_n have_v a_o property_n in_o their_o good_n and_o inheritance_n in_o their_o land_n ad_fw-la reges_fw-la potestas_fw-la omnium_fw-la pertinet_fw-la ad_fw-la singulos_fw-la proprietas_fw-la so_o as_o the_o king_n have_v no_o such_o prerogative_n say_v they_o whereby_o he_o may_v take_v away_o the_o land_n or_o good_n of_o a_o subject_a without_o his_o consent_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o a_o case_n of_o forfeiture_n and_o therefore_o though_o samuel_n foretell_v the_o people_n when_o they_o desire_v a_o king_n hoc_fw-la erit_fw-la ius_fw-la regis_fw-la tollere_fw-la agros_fw-la vestros_fw-la and_o vineas_fw-la and_o oliveta_fw-la and_o dare_v seruis_fw-la suis_fw-la yet_o ahab_n though_o he_o be_v a_o wicked_a king_n do_v not_o claim_v that_o prerogative_n when_o he_o covet_v naboth_n vineyard_n neither_o do_v he_o enter_v into_o it_o until_o naboth_n by_o false_a witness_n be_v condemn_v and_o stone_v to_o death_n for_o blasphemy_n and_o then_o he_o take_v it_o for_o a_o lawful_a escheat_n but_o when_o the_o king_n do_v
ius_fw-la imponendi_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la or_o the_o learning_n touch_v custom_n tonnage_n poundage_n and_o imposition_n on_o merchandize_n assert_v as_o well_o from_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a and_o civil_a law_n as_o of_o general_n reason_n and_o policy_n of_o state_n by_o sir_n john_n davis_n knight_n etc._n etc._n the_o second_o edition_n london_n print_v for_o henry_n twyford_n in_o vine-court_n middle_a temple_n mdclix_o to_o the_o king_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n this_o question_n sir_n concerning_o your_o majesty_n prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n ought_v not_o to_o have_v be_v make_v or_o move_v at_o all_o howbeit_o it_o have_v be_v stir_v and_o debate_v in_o parliament_n it_o be_v now_o become_v a_o argument_n of_o such_o dignity_n and_o importance_n as_o the_o best-able_a among_o your_o servant_n learn_v in_o the_o law_n may_v well_o employ_v their_o best_a learning_n in_o the_o discuss_n thereof_o for_o my_o part_n though_o i_o find_v myself_o unable_a to_o handle_v this_o noble_a question_n as_o the_o weight_n and_o worthiness_n require_v yet_o have_v i_o upon_o sundry_a occasion_n arise_v from_o the_o course_n of_o my_o service_n collect_v such_o note_n and_o draw_v together_o such_o material_n as_o may_v be_v of_o use_n in_o the_o build_n of_o a_o fortress_n in_o the_o defence_n of_o this_o prerogative_n and_o sure_o i_o be_o that_o if_o your_o majesty_n will_v vouchsafe_v to_o cast_v your_o eye_n upon_o these_o collection_n that_o your_o judgement_n will_v make_v a_o far_o better_a use_n and_o application_n thereof_o than_o i_o who_o have_v gather_v the_o same_o can_v possible_a do_v these_o little_a spark_n of_o knowledge_n be_v take_v into_o your_o majesty_n consideration_n will_v instant_o multiply_v and_o arise_v into_o a_o flame_n and_o so_o give_v a_o great_a light_n for_o clear_v of_o this_o question_n this_o learning_n within_o my_o hand_n be_v but_o a_o spade_n in_o your_o majesty_n hand_n will_v become_v a_o sceptre_n i_o have_v only_o like_o the_o poor_a indian_a dig_v up_o the_o oar_n of_o i_o which_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o king_n mint_n and_o refine_v there_o become_v part_n of_o the_o royal_a treasure_n for_o the_o argument_n itself_o it_o will_v hardly_o receive_v any_o ornament_n ornari_fw-la res_fw-la ipsa_fw-la negate_fw-la contenta_fw-la doceri_fw-la the_o best_a light_n i_o can_v give_v it_o be_v lucidw_n ordo_fw-la by_o break_v it_o into_o capita_fw-la rerum_fw-la and_o cast_v it_o into_o a_o plain_a and_o natural_a method_n it_o be_v somewhat_o long_o and_o in_o multiloquio_fw-la non_fw-la deest_fw-la peccatum_fw-la say_v solomon_n it_o be_v also_o mix_v with_o some_o reason_n of_o state_n wherein_o a_o common_a lawyer_n may_v easy_o make_v a_o solaecism_n yet_o such_o as_o it_o be_v my_o zeal_n to_o advance_v your_o majesty_n service_n have_v move_v i_o to_o present_v it_o to_o your_o majesty_n with_o all_o humbleness_n and_o with_o some_o hope_n that_o this_o dutiful_a pain_n shall_v purchase_v a_o pardon_n for_o the_o error_n therein_o commit_v by_o your_o majesty_n unprofitable_a servant_n and_o humble_a subject_n john_n davies_n the_o content_n of_o this_o book_n chap._n i._n the_o exposition_n and_o meaning_n of_o certain_a word_n which_o do_v show_v the_o true_a state_n of_o the_o question_n page_n 1_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nation_n or_o jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la and_o the_o force_n thereof_o in_o all_o kingdom_n that_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n be_v a_o principal_a subject_n of_o that_o law_n and_o that_o it_o give_v power_n unto_o all_o king_n to_o take_v custom_n and_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o that_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n have_v many_o prerogative_n annex_v to_o it_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n of_o which_o our_o common_a law_n take_v notice_n and_o do_v admit_v and_o approve_v the_o same_o 4_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o law_n merchant_n which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o how_o it_o differ_v from_o our_o common_a law_n and_o how_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o our_o law_n merchandize_n do_v differ_v from_o other_o good_n and_o chattel_n which_o do_v not_o cross_v the_o sea_n and_o how_o the_o common_a law_n and_o statute_n law_n of_o england_n do_v admit_v and_o allow_v of_o the_o law_n merchant_n 10_o chap._n iv._o of_o the_o imperial_a or_o civil_a law_n and_o of_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o jurisdiction_n thereof_o of_o what_o force_v it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n within_o the_o monarchy_n of_o europe_n and_o in_o what_o case_n it_o be_v receive_v within_o the_o king_n of_o england_n dominion_n and_o how_o it_o warrant_v all_o king_n and_o absolute_a prince_n to_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n 20_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o canon_n or_o ecclesiastical_a law_n and_o how_o far_o forth_o it_o do_v examine_v and_o resolve_v this_o question_n in_o case_n of_o conscience_n only_o 25_o chap._n vi_o that_o this_o question_n of_o imposition_n may_v be_v examine_v and_o decide_v as_o well_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o law_n before_o mention_v as_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o our_o municipial_n law_n or_o common_a law_n of_o england_n 27_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o general_a and_o that_o the_o same_o do_v consist_v in_o certain_a special_a point_n or_o case_n reserve_v to_o the_o absolute_a power_n of_o the_o crown_n when_o the_o positive_a law_n be_v first_o establish_v and_o that_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n do_v acknowledge_v and_o submit_v itself_o to_o those_o prerogative_n 29_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o the_o order_n and_o govern_v of_o all_o trade_n and_o traffic_n in_o corporation_n market_n and_o fair_n within_o the_o land_n and_o the_o common_a law_n do_v acknowledge_v this_o prerogative_n and_o submit_v itself_o there_o unto_o 34_o chap._n ix._o that_o the_o king_n have_v another_o prerogative_n in_o the_o government_n in_o the_o trade_n of_o merchandize_n cross_v the_o sea_n differ_v from_o the_o prerogative_n which_o he_o use_v and_o order_v in_o trade_n and_o traffic_n in_o market_n a_o fair_n within_o the_o land_n and_o of_o the_o difference_n between_o custom_n and_o toll_n by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n 38_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o ancient_a duty_n call_v custom_n payable_a for_o our_o principal_a commodity_n export_v and_o that_o it_o be_v original_o a_o imposition_n 41_o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o ancient_a duty_n call_v prize_n take_v out_o of_o foreign_a good_n import_v except_o wine_n and_o the_o petty-customs_n of_o three_o penny_n of_o the_o pound_n be_v accept_v by_o king_n edw._n 1._o in_o lieu_n of_o prize_n 46_o chap._n xii_o of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n payable_a for_o wine_n call_v prizoge_n and_o butlerage_n 50_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o ancient_a officer_n which_o our_o king_n have_v create_v by_o virtue_n of_o their_o prerogative_n to_o search_v and_o oversee_v all_o sort_n of_o merchandize_n and_o to_o collect_v the_o duty_n payable_a for_o the_o same_o 52_o chap._n xiv_o of_o other_o imposition_n beside_o the_o ancient_a custom_n before_o mention_v lay_v upon_o merchandize_n by_o several_a king_n and_o queen_n since_o the_o conquest_n some_o of_o which_o imposition_n have_v be_v discontinue_v or_o remit_v and_o some_o of_o they_o be_v continue_v and_o pay_v at_o this_o day_n and_o first_o of_o the_o imposition_n set_v by_o king_n edw._n 1._o over_o and_o beside_o the_o custom_n speak_v of_o before_o 53_o chap._n xv_o of_o the_o imposition_n set_v and_o take_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o second_o 55_o chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o imposition_n lay_v and_o levy_v upon_o merchandize_n by_o king_n edw._n 3_o 57_o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o profit_n raise_v unto_o the_o crown_n out_o of_o merchandize_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o several_a king_n who_o succeed_v k._n edw._n 3_o until_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n mary_n 62_o chap._n xviii_o that_o queen_n mary_n do_v use_v her_o prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n 70_o chap._n xix_o that_o queen_n elizabeth_n also_o use_v her_o prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n 71_o chap_n xx_o that_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n james_n have_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o same_o prerogative_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n lay_v several_a imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n 73_o chap._n xxi_o the_o general_a reason_n whereupon_o this_o prerogative_n be_v ground_v 76_o chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o several_a objection_n that_o be_v make_v against_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o the_o soveral_a answer_n thereunto_o 94_o chap._n xxiii_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o first_o objection_n 96_o chap._n xxiv_o of_o the_o second_o objection_n touch_v the_o uncertainty_n and_o unbounded_a largeness_n of_o this_o prerogative_n 99_o chap._n xxv_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o second_o objection_n 101_o chap._n xxvi_o the_o three_o objection_n
omnibus_fw-la rebus_fw-la venalibus_fw-la within_o their_o liberty_n certain_a sum_n of_o money_n viz._n delibra_fw-la piperis_fw-la so_o much_o de_fw-la libra_fw-la zinziberis_fw-la so_o much_o de_fw-la quolibet_fw-la panno_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o murage_n or_o towards_o the_o reparation_n of_o their_o wall_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o imposition_n lay_v by_o the_o king_n charter_n to_o maintain_v those_o city_n and_o borough_n wherein_o trade_n and_o traffic_n be_v maintain_v we_o find_v such_o a_o charter_n grant_v to_o nottingham_n 3_o edw._n 1._o pat_o m._n 21._o 21_o in_o arch._n turris_fw-la london_n the_o like_a be_v grant_v to_o cloneniell_n and_o to_o some_o other_o town_n in_o ireland_n f.n._n 170._o b._n d._n we_o find_v a_o patent_n grant_v to_o a_o burrow_n in_o england_n to_o take_v for_o five_o year_n a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n of_o every_o passenger_n towards_o the_o pave_n of_o the_o same_o town_n again_o no_o fair_a or_o market_n may_v be_v hold_v within_o the_o realm_n neither_o can_v a_o multitude_n of_o subject_n assemble_v themselves_o together_o to_o that_o end_n without_o a_o special_a warrant_n or_o grant_v of_o the_o king_n and_o when_o a_o subject_a have_v a_o grant_n of_o a_o fair_a he_o have_v a_o court_n of_o money-powder_n incident_a thereunto_o wherein_o the_o proceed_n in_o summary_n and_o de_fw-la plano_fw-la from_o hour_n to_o hour_n as_o in_o the_o court_n of_o merchant_n and_o for_o the_o government_n of_o all_o fair_n and_o market_n especial_o touch_v weight_n and_o measure_n the_o standard_n whereof_o be_v first_o establish_v by_o the_o king_n ordinance_n to_o who_o the_o establish_n of_o the_o standard_n money_n which_o be_v mensura_fw-la publica_fw-la omnium_fw-la rerum_fw-la commut_fw-la abilium_fw-la be_v also_o reserve_v as_o a_o special_a commodity_n beside_o in_o every_o fair_a and_o market_n where_o thing_n be_v buy_v by_o retail_n for_o the_o necessary_a use_n of_o the_o buyer_n and_o not_o to_o sell_v the_o same_o again_o as_o merchandize_n in_o another_o market_n for_o that_o be_v regrate_v and_o unlawful_a by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n there_o be_v a_o toll_n take_v which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o imposition_n lay_v upon_o the_o buyer_n and_o that_o that_o toll_n be_v original_o impose_v by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n it_o be_v manifest_a in_o this_o that_o the_o ancient_a tenant_n of_o the_o crown_n namely_o the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demean_v be_v discharge_v of_o toll_n in_o all_o market_n and_o fair_n and_o that_o the_o king_n by_o charter_n have_v discharge_v divers_a other_o person_n of_o toll_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o register_n of_o writ_n and_o pitz._n na._n brevium_fw-la where_o we_o find_v divers_a writ_n essend_fw-la quiet_a de_fw-fr theolneo_fw-la but_o this_o discharge_n of_o toll_n be_v only_o for_o thing_n buy_v for_o necessary_a use_n of_o the_o buyer_n and_o for_o merchandize_n for_o the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demean_v be_v discharge_v of_o toll_n for_o such_o thing_n only_o as_o be_v for_o their_o provision_n or_o manurance_n of_o their_o land_n and_o in_o the_o writ_n which_o discharge_v the_o good_n of_o ecclesiastical_a person_n of_o this_o toll_n there_o be_v this_o clause_n dummodo_fw-la non_fw-la faciat_fw-la merchandiz_n as_o de_fw-la iisdem_fw-la as_o be_v before_o declare_v last_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o the_o order_v and_o government_n of_o trade_n within_o the_o realm_n do_v appear_v in_o that_o notable_a charter_n grant_v to_o the_o abbot_n of_o westminster_n recite_v in_o the_o register_n of_o writ_n fol._n 107._o 107_o wherein_o the_o king_n do_v grant_v to_o the_o abbot_n and_o his_o successor_n to_o hold_v a_o fair_a at_o westminster_n for_o thirty_o two_o day_n together_o with_o a_o prohibition_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v buy_v or_o sell_v within_o seven_o mile_n of_o that_o fair_a during_o that_o time_n chap._n ix._o that_o the_o king_n have_v another_o prerogative_n in_o the_o government_n in_o the_o trade_n of_o merchandize_n cross_v the_o sea_n differen_v from_o the_o prerogative_n which_o he_o use_v and_o order_v in_o trade_n and_o traffic_n in_o market_n and_o fair_n within_o the_o land_n and_o of_o the_o difference_n between_o custom_n and_o toll_n by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n touch_v merchandize_n cross_v the_o sea_n outward_a and_o inward_a the_o same_o be_v of_o another_o quality_n and_o the_o law_n have_v another_o consideration_n thereof_o than_o it_o have_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v buy_v and_o sell_v in_o fair_n and_o market_n within_o the_o land_n as_o be_v before_o express_v and_o therefore_o the_o duty_n payable_a upon_o the_o exportation_n and_o importation_n of_o merchandize_n have_v another_o name_n be_v call_v custom_n and_o not_o toll_n and_o be_v also_o pay_v in_o another_o manner_n for_o custom_n toll_n must_v be_v pay_v before_o the_o merchandize_n be_v discharge_v and_o bring_v to_o land_n whereas_o toll_n be_v not_o payable_a but_o for_o good_n bring_v into_o the_o fair_a or_o market_n again_o custom_n must_v be_v pay_v whether_o the_o merchandize_n be_v sell_v or_o not_o but_o toll_n be_v not_o due_a but_o for_o good_n buy_v and_o sell_v in_o the_o market_n again_o custom_n be_v always_o pay_v by_o the_o merchant_n who_o sell_v or_o intend_v to_o sell_v his_o merchandize_n in_o gross_a but_o toll_n be_v ever_o pay_v by_o the_o party_n who_o buy_v some_o commodity_n for_o his_o proper_a use_n and_o provision_n by_o retail_n last_o if_o custom_n be_v not_o pay_v or_o agree_v for_o before_o the_o merchandize_n be_v discharge_v and_o bring_v to_o land_n the_o merchandize_n be_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la forfeit_v and_o may_v present_o be_v seize_v to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o king_n but_o if_o toll_n be_v not_o pay_v the_o thing_n sell_v be_v not_o forfeit_v only_o it_o may_v be_v distrain_v and_o detain_v till_o the_o toll_n be_v pay_v or_o a_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n may_v be_v bring_v for_o the_o toll_n these_o difference_n between_o custom_n and_o toll_n do_v apparent_o prove_v that_o merchandize_n for_o which_o custom_n be_v pay_v do_v differ_v from_o other_o good_n sell_v in_o the_o market_n and_o fair_n for_o which_o toll_n be_v take_v and_o that_o the_o trade_n of_o merchandize_n cross_v the_o sea_n and_o the_o trade_n that_o be_v use_v in_o market_n and_o fair_n be_v order_v by_o different_a prerogative_n and_o as_o the_o toll_v of_o several_a kind_n which_o be_v take_v in_o market_n fair_n and_o town_n corporate_a be_v first_o impose_v by_o virtue_n of_o that_o prerogative_n whereby_o the_o king_n order_v all_o trade_n within_o the_o land_n so_o by_o virtue_n of_o that_o other_o prerogative_n whereby_o the_o king_n govern_v the_o trade_n of_o merchandize_n cross_v the_o sea_n the_o crown_n of_o england_n ever_o since_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o the_o monarchy_n have_v from_o time_n to_o time_n raise_v and_o receive_v out_o of_o merchandize_n custom_n and_o imposition_n of_o divers_a nature_n and_o nature_n according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o merchandize_n export_v and_o import_v and_o the_o divers_a occasion_n and_o necessity_n of_o the_o comercion_n chap._n x._o of_o the_o ancient_a duty_n call_v custom_n payable_a for_o our_o principal_a commodity_n export_v and_o that_o it_o be_v original_o a_o imposition_n the_o ancient_a duty_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n be_v but_o of_o two_o kind_n and_o know_v by_o two_o name_n custom_n and_o prize_n custom_n be_v pay_v for_o homebred_a and_o native_a commodity_n export_v and_o prize_n be_v take_v out_o of_o foreign_a commodity_n import_v the_o native_a commodity_n out_o of_o which_o custom_n be_v pay_v be_v wool_n wool-fell_n and_o leather_n and_o this_o custom_n do_v consist_v of_o rertain_a rate_n or_o sum_n of_o money_n impose_v by_o the_o king_n upon_o those_o merchandize_n export_v which_o rate_n be_v raise_v and_o reduce_v high_a or_o low_a from_o time_n to_o time_n as_o occasion_n do_v arise_v for_o although_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edw._n 1.the_a custom_n payable_a for_o those_o commodity_n be_v reduce_v to_o this_o certainty_n viz._n to_o a_o demi_a mark_n for_o every_o sack_n of_o wool_n a_o demi_a mark_n for_o every_o three_o hundred_o wool-fell_n and_o a_o mark_n for_o every_o last_o of_o leather_n which_o we_o call_v now_o the_o great_a and_o ancient_a custom_n ab_fw-la initio_fw-la non_fw-la fuit_fw-la sic_fw-la these_o be_v not_o the_o rate_n from_o the_o beginning_n for_o not_o long_o before_o that_o time_n there_o be_v a_o great_a and_o more_o ancient_a custom_n pay_v for_o the_o exportation_n of_o those_o commodity_n britanni_n say_v strabo_n strabo_n vectigalia_fw-la tollebant_fw-la gravia_fw-la earum_fw-la rerum_fw-la quas_fw-la brevi_fw-la trajectu_fw-la in_o galliam_n importabant_fw-la this_o be_v magna_fw-la customa_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o briton_n and_o though_o the_o certain_a rate_n thereof_o do_v not_o appear_v yet_o
blood_n who_o will_v not_o suffer_v he_o to_o use_v his_o prerogative_n second_o that_o during_o the_o war_n of_o lancaster_n and_o york_n there_o be_v no_o fit_a time_n to_o make_v use_n of_o that_o prerogative_n while_o both_o party_n do_v strive_v to_o win_v the_o favour_n of_o the_o people_n three_o that_o king_n hen._n 7._o have_v much_o ado_n to_o settle_v himself_o in_o the_o quiet_a possession_n of_o the_o kingdom_n after_o those_o trouble_n four_o that_o king_n h._n 8._o have_v such_o a_o mass_n of_o treasure_n leave_v he_o by_o his_o father_n and_o do_v so_o enrich_v himself_o by_o dissolution_n of_o abbey_n as_o he_o have_v no_o need_n to_o make_v use_n of_o this_o prerogative_n five_o that_o k._n e._n 6._o be_v also_o a_o minor_a and_o that_o his_o chief_a council_n do_v more_o contend_v to_o advance_v their_o own_o house_n than_o the_o king_n profit_n chap._n xviii_o that_o queen_n mary_n do_v use_v her_o frerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n queen_n mary_n in_o who_o time_n the_o town_n of_o calais_n be_v lose_v and_o consequent_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o staple_n at_o calais_n be_v lose_v do_v by_o her_o absolute_a power_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o report_n of_o the_o lord_n dyer_n 1_o eliz._n dyer_n 165._o eliz._n raise_v a_o imposition_n upon_o clothes_n viz._n six_o shilling_n and_o eight_o penny_n upon_o every_o cloth_n over_o and_o above_o all_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o merchant_n petition_v to_o be_v disburden_v of_o this_o imposition_n which_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o other_o whereupon_o they_o have_v many_o assembly_n and_o conference_n as_o that_o book_n report_v and_o albeit_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o judge_n in_o that_o behalf_n be_v not_o find_v in_o that_o book_n it_o be_v to_o be_v presume_v that_o they_o adjudge_v the_o imposition_n to_o be_v just_a and_o lawful_a because_o it_o be_v continue_v and_o answer_v during_o all_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n mary_n this_o queen_n mary_n likewise_o by_o she_o preroone_o lay_v and_o imposition_n of_o four_o mark_n upon_o every_o tun_n of_o french_a wine_n over_o and_o above_o the_o prizage_n and_o buttlerage_n which_o during_o her_o life_n time_n be_v pay_v without_o contradiction_n chap._n xix_o that_o queen_n elizabeth_n alsouse_v her_o prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n queen_n elizabeth_n also_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o same_o prerogative_n do_v not_o only_o continue_v the_o imposition_n lay_v by_o queen_n mary_n upon_o clothes_n and_o french_a wine_n but_o do_v raise_v other_o imposition_n of_o sundry_a sort_n of_o merchandize_n by_o the_o same_o absolute_a power_n namely_o upon_o every_o tun_n of_o sweet_a wine_n upon_o every_o tun_n of_o rhenish_a wine_n upon_o every_o kental_a of_o allom_n which_o during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o prudent_a princess_n be_v pay_v and_o receive_v without_o question_n beside_o the_o same_o queen_n upon_o complaint_n make_v unto_o she_o in_o the_o twelve_o year_n of_o her_o reign_n that_o the_o state_n of_o venice_n do_v impose_v one_o ducat_n upon_o every_o hundred_o of_o currant_n export_v out_o of_o their_o dominion_n by_o the_o merchant_n of_o england_n do_v by_o her_o letter_n patent_n grant_v unto_o the_o english_a merchant_n who_o trade_v into_o the_o levant_n that_o they_o only_o and_o their_o assign_v may_v bring_v currant_n into_o england_n eliz._n the_o english_a merchant_n have_v this_o privilege_n do_v take_v five_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n upon_o every_o hundred_o weight_n of_o currant_n bring_v into_o england_n by_o stranger_n which_o be_v due_o pay_v although_o it_o be_v take_v by_o the_o merchant_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o privilege_n only_o of_o sortiori_fw-la yet_o it_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v pay_v if_o it_o have_v be_v payable_a to_o the_o queen_n herself_o as_o the_o lord_n chief_a baron_n fleming_n do_v observe_v in_o his_o argument_n of_o bates_n case_n of_o currant_n in_o the_o court_n of_o exchequer_n in_o england_n chap._n xx_o that_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n james_n have_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o same_o prerogative_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n lay_v several_a imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n his_o majesty_n likewise_o when_o he_o come_v to_o be_v king_n of_o england_n find_v his_o crown_n to_o be_v seize_v of_o this_o prerogative_n and_o find_v withal_o the_o necessary_a charge_n of_o the_o crown_n exceed_o to_o increase_n do_v for_o the_o supportation_n thereof_o not_o only_o continue_v the_o imposition_n lay_v by_o queen_n mary_n and_o queen_n elizabeth_n but_o also_o lay_v new_a imposition_n upon_o sundry_a sort_n of_o merchandize_n over_o and_o above_o all_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n former_o due_a and_o payable_a for_o the_o same_o and_o these_o be_v the_o imposition_n now_o the_o principal_a of_o these_o be_v twelve_o penny_n upon_o the_o pound_n or_o a_o second_o poundage_n set_v upon_o merchandize_n as_o well_o export_v as_o import_v by_o letter_n patent_n 28._o july_n iac._n in_o the_o six_o year_n of_o his_o majesty_n reign_n but_o how_o be_v it_o set_v and_o impose_v sure_o with_o such_o moderation_n and_o limitation_n and_o such_o receptation_n full_a of_o grace_n and_o favour_n as_o no_o monarch_n or_o state_n in_o the_o world_n do_v ever_o impart_v to_o their_o subject_n the_o like_a in_o the_o like_a case_n for_o beside_o other_o gracious_a clause_n contain_v in_o the_o same_o letter_n patent_n all_o commodity_n serve_v either_o for_o food_n or_o sustenance_n of_o the_o king_n people_n or_o set_v the_o poor_a on_o work_n or_o for_o munition_n or_o defence_n of_o the_o realm_n or_o for_o maintenance_n of_o navigation_n or_o which_o especial_o tend_v to_o the_o enrich_n of_o a_o kingdom_n be_v except_v and_o discharge_v by_o this_o imposition_n as_o for_o the_o special_a imposition_n which_o his_o majesty_n have_v set_v upon_o certain_a foreign_a commodity_n as_o currant_n logwood_n tobacco_n etc._n etc._n as_o touch_v the_o first_o of_o these_o the_o imposition_n have_v be_v adjudge_v lawful_a in_o the_o court_n of_o exchequer_n of_o england_n and_o for_o the_o other_o commodity_n they_o be_v of_o such_o nature_n as_o no_o man_n ever_o make_v question_n but_o that_o the_o imposition_n set_v upon_o they_o be_v lawful_a beside_o these_o imposition_n lay_v in_o england_n his_o majesty_n by_o his_o prerogative_n only_o since_o the_o beginning_n of_o his_o reign_n receive_v the_o impost_n of_o wine_n in_o ireland_n and_o have_v likewise_o to_o make_v equality_n of_o trade_n in_o that_o realm_n lay_v a_o imposition_n of_o twelve_o penny_n on_o the_o pound_n of_o all_o other_o merchandize_n import_v and_o export_v out_o of_o the_o port_n of_o dublin_n waterford_n drogheda_n and_o galway_n the_o citizen_n of_o which_o city_n and_o town_n be_v exempt_v and_o discharge_v of_o poundage_n grant_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n there_o which_o imposition_n be_v never_o impugn_v in_o ireland_n but_o have_v since_o the_o set_v thereof_o be_v levy_v and_o pay_v without_o contradiction_n and_o that_o we_o see_v how_o long_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n have_v be_v seize_v of_o this_o prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o how_o the_o same_o have_v be_v put_v in_o practice_n by_o the_o most_o prudent_a prince_n since_o the_o conquest_n chap._n xxi_o the_o general_a reason_n whereupon_o this_o prerogative_n be_v ground_v although_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o difficulty_n and_o do_v savour_n withal_o of_o curiosity_n and_o presumption_n to_o search_v a_o reason_n for_o every_o prerogative_n that_o be_v incident_a to_o the_o crown_n for_o sacrilegii_fw-la est_fw-la disputare_fw-la de_fw-la principis_fw-la facto_fw-la say_v the_o imperial_a law_n and_o scrutator_fw-la majestal_n be_v opprimitur_fw-la à _fw-la gloria_fw-la say_v the_o wise_a man_n yet_o the_o reason_n whereupon_o this_o prerogative_n be_v ground_v be_v so_o many_o and_o manifest_a as_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o collect_v the_o principal_a of_o they_o rather_o for_o the_o confirmation_n than_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o such_o as_o have_v move_v this_o question_n touch_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o imposition_n lay_v by_o his_o majesty_n upon_o merchandize_n first_o the_o king_n be_v the_o fountain_n of_o all_o justice_n and_o therefore_o the_o first_o reason_n draw_v from_o the_o king_n charge_n in_o do_v justice_n and_o procure_v justice_n to_o be_v do_v to_o merchant_n not_o only_o distributive_a justice_n wherein_o consist_v praemium_fw-la and_o paena_fw-la but_o commutative_a justice_n be_v also_o derive_v from_o the_o king_n now_o his_o majesty_n do_v exercise_v commutative_a justice_n chief_o in_o the_o order_n and_o government_n of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n wherein_o he_o be_v to_o do_v justice_n or_o to_o procure_v justice_n to_o be_v do_v to_o his_o subject_n who_o do_v make_v contract_n real_a and_o personal_a within_o the_o land_n but_o to_o his_o merchant_n that_o
or_o vessel_n of_o wine_n vent_v by_o other_o be_v also_o fine_v and_o imprison_v and_o make_v satisfaction_n to_o the_o party_n grieve_v 50_o edw._n 3._o 33._o rot._n parli_n numb._n 33._o and_o more_o than_o this_o a_o bill_n be_v prefer_v by_o the_o commons_o in_o this_o parliament_n that_o such_o as_o shall_v set_v new_a imposition_n shall_v have_v judgement_n of_o life_n and_o member_n 50_o edw._n 3_o rot._n parliament_n num_fw-la 191._o in_o arch._n turris_n turris_n these_o example_n strike_v such_o a_o terror_n at_o that_o time_n as_o from_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edw._n 3._o till_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n mary_n be_v a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n and_o upward_o there_o be_v no_o man_n find_v that_o will_v advise_v the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o set_v or_o levy_v any_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n by_o prerogative_n and_o therefore_o we_o find_v no_o imposition_n lay_v upon_o merchandize_n all_o that_o space_n of_o time_n queen_n mary_n indeed_o begin_v to_o set_v on_o foot_n this_o prerogative_n again_o and_o lay_v a_o imposition_n of_o three_o shilling_n and_o eight_o penny_n upon_o every_o cloth_n transport_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o what_o do_v the_o lord_n dyer_n report_n 1_o eliz._n f.165_n fol.165_n the_o merchant_n of_o london_n say_v he_o find_v themselves_o great_o grieve_v and_o make_v exclamation_n and_o suit_n to_o queen_n elizabeth_n to_o be_v disburden_v of_o that_o imposition_n because_o it_o be_v not_o grant_v by_o parliament_n but_o assess_v by_o queen_n mary_n her_o absolute_a power_n these_o frequent_a petition_n complaint_n and_o exclamation_n these_o suspension_n and_o remital_n of_o imposition_n be_v good_a argument_n say_v they_o against_o the_o right_a of_o this_o prerogative_n chap._n xxi_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o three_o objection_n this_o objection_n consist_v of_o several_a part_n and_o shall_v receive_v a_o answer_n 3_o consist_v of_o divers_a part_n the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o answer_n king_n edw._n 1._o be_v a_o prudent_a and_o resolute_a prince_n do_v not_o only_o impose_v the_o three_o penny_n upon_o the_o pound_n upon_o merchant_n stranger_n by_o his_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la but_o justify_v and_o maintain_v that_o imposition_n during_o his_o life_n true_a it_o be_v that_o after_o his_o death_n king_n edw._n 2._o it_o be_v repeal_v as_o be_v before_o object_v but_o who_o act_n be_v this_o by_o who_o be_v this_o ordinance_n make_v which_o do_v repeal_v this_o charter_n not_o by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o parliament_n but_o by_o certain_a rebellious_a baron_n who_o take_v upon_o they_o the_o government_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o call_v themselves_o ordainer_n wherefore_o king_n edw._n 3._o in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n do_v revive_v that_o charter_n and_o command_v by_o his_o writ_n that_o the_o custom_n and_o duty_n therein_o contain_v shall_v be_v collect_v and_o levy_v to_o his_o use_n he_o make_v mention_n of_o these_o ordinance_n of_o 5_o edw._n 2._o 2_o and_o say_v the_o same_o be_v make_v per_fw-la quosdam_fw-la magnates_fw-la and_o not_o by_o the_o king_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o record_n 1_o edw._n 3._o rot._n fin_n memb._n 30._o in_o arch._n turris_n which_o in_o another_o place_n before_o i_o have_v recite_v by_o which_o record_n it_o likewise_o appear_v that_o those_o ordinance_n 5_o edw._n 2._o be_v before_o that_o time_n repeal_v and_o make_v void_a and_o therefore_o that_o which_o be_v do_v in_o that_o time_n of_o that_o unfortunate_a prince_n overruled_a by_o his_o unruly_a baron_n be_v not_o to_o be_v urge_v and_o use_v as_o a_o example_n especial_o since_o they_o that_o urge_v this_o repeal_n of_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la might_n if_o they_o will_v find_v any_o thing_n which_o make_v against_o their_o contradict_a humour_n find_v in_o the_o say_a roll_n of_o ordinance_n make_v in_o 5_o edw._n 2._o divers_a arcle_n wherein_o those_o ordainer_n do_v wrong_a and_o wound_v the_o prerogative_n in_o matter_n of_o great_a importance_n than_o in_o the_o repeal_n of_o that_o charter_n for_o they_o may_v have_v find_v among_o the_o same_o ordinance_n these_o thing_n ordain_v first_o that_o the_o king_n shall_v not_o make_v gift_n of_o land_n rent_n franhises_n ward_n or_o escheat_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o ordainer_n second_o that_o all_o gift_n and_o grant_n former_o make_v by_o the_o king_n not_o only_o of_o land_n and_o other_o thing_n in_o england_n but_o in_o gascony_n ireland_n and_o scotland_n shall_v be_v resume_v and_o make_v void_a three_o that_o the_o king_n shall_v not_o depart_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n nor_o make_v war_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o his_o baron_n and_o of_o his_o parliament_n that_o because_o the_o king_n be_v misguide_v and_o counsel_v by_o evil_a counsellor_n it_o be_v ordain_v that_o all_o his_o counsel_n shall_v be_v renew_v and_o new_a officer_n and_o servant_n appoint_v for_o he_o these_o traitorous_a ordinance_n be_v make_v against_o the_o king_n at_o that_o time_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o shame_n that_o any_o part_n of_o these_o ordinance_n shall_v be_v make_v a_o argument_n against_o the_o right_a of_o the_o crown_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n for_o with_o the_o same_o reason_n they_o may_v argue_v the_o king_n have_v no_o right_a to_o grant_v his_o land_n rent_n ward_n or_o escheat_n that_o he_o may_v not_o go_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n nor_o make_v war_n nor_o choose_v his_o own_o counsellor_n or_o servant_n without_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o those_o factious_a baron_n do_v cause_v the_o king_n to_o forego_v the_o say_a imposition_n rather_o ad_fw-la faciendum_fw-la populum_fw-la and_o to_o gratify_v the_o commons_n and_o to_o draw_v they_o to_o their_o party_n than_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o if_o they_o have_v be_v good_a counsellor_n they_o will_v have_v do_v as_o the_o senate_n rome_n of_o rome_n do_v when_o nero_n in_o a_o glorious_a humour_n to_o please_v the_o people_n will_v needs_o have_v discharge_v at_o once_o all_o custom_n and_o imposition_n the_o senate_n give_v he_o thanks_o for_o his_o favour_n towards_o the_o people_n but_o utter_o dissuade_v he_o so_o to_o do_v tell_v he_o that_o in_o so_o do_v he_o will_v ruin_v the_o state_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o indeed_o no_o commonwealth_n can_v stand_v without_o these_o duty_n they_o be_v nervi_fw-la they_o be_v succus_fw-la et_fw-la sanguis_fw-la reipublicae_fw-la and_o therefore_o no_o commonwealth_n be_v ever_o without_o they_o but_o the_o imaginary_a commonwealth_n of_o plato_n and_o sir_n thomas_n moore_n for_o they_o do_v both_o agree_v for_o in_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o which_o they_o dream_v there_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v pay_v for_o merchandize_n export_v and_o import_v but_o to_o return_v to_o king_n edw._n 2._o what_o follow_v upon_o the_o repeal_n of_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la and_o the_o discharge_n of_o imposition_n which_o king_n edw._n 1._o establish_v be_v not_o that_o poor_a prince_n king_n edw._n 2._o enforce_v to_o take_v up_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n of_o his_o merchant_n by_o way_n of_o loan_n which_o he_o never_o repay_v again_o 11_o edw._n 2._o rot._n fin_n m._n 12._o whereby_o the_o merchant_n receive_v a_o great_a detriment_n than_o if_o they_o have_v make_v a_o double_a payment_n of_o custom_n and_o imposition_n which_o the_o king_n have_v discharge_v and_o therefore_o the_o example_n of_o this_o weak_a prince_n do_v make_v but_o a_o weak_a argument_n against_o the_o right_a of_o the_o crown_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o here_o i_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o observe_v that_o they_o be_v all_o wise_a and_o worthy_a prince_n which_o be_v speak_v of_o in_o former_a age_n to_o have_v lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n namely_o solomon_n solomon_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n julius_n caesar_n caesar_n and_o augustus_n caesar_n caesar_n in_o the_o empire_n king_n ed._n 1._o 1_o and_o king_n ed._n 3._o 3_o in_o england_n but_o on_o the_o other_o part_n they_o which_o release_v all_o custom_n and_o imposition_n be_v but_o weak_a prince_n and_o destroy_v themselves_o and_o the_o commonwealth_n wherein_o they_o live_v namely_o nero_n nero_n in_o the_o empire_n of_o rome_n king_n edw._n 2_o 2_o and_o king_n rich._n 2._o 2_o with_o we_o and_o true_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o our_o common_a law_n the_o king_n can_v if_o he_o will_v release_v all_o subside_v and_o aid_n of_o his_o subject_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v for_o ever_o discharge_v of_o all_o subsidy_n to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o crown_n such_o a_o grant_n be_v make_v void_a and_o against_o the_o law_n second_o touch_v the_o petition_n exhibit_v to_o the_o king_n in_o sundry_a parliament_n against_o imposition_n lay_v by_o that_o king_n upon_o merchandize_n upon_o view_n of_o the_o record_n wherein_o these_o petition_n be_v contain_v with_o
touch_v the_o repeal_n of_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la by_o king_n edw._n 2_o and_o the_o remit_v all_o of_o divers_a imposition_n by_o king_n edw._n 3_o upon_o sundry_a petition_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n and_o the_o punishment_n of_o divers_a person_n in_o parliament_n for_o procure_v imposition_n to_o be_v set_v up_o 106_o chap._n xxvii_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o three_o objection_n 110_o chap._n xxviii_o the_o four_o objection_n that_o the_o prerogative_n be_v bind_v or_o take_v away_o by_o divers_a act_n of_o parliament_n 129_o chap._n xxix_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o four_o objection_n 131_o chap._n xxx_o the_o five_o objection_n that_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n be_v never_o take_v but_o when_o the_o same_o be_v grant_v by_o parliament_n 140_o chap._n xxxi_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o five_o objection_n 141_o chap._n xxxii_o the_o conclusion_n 146_o chap._n xxxiii_o a_o comparison_n of_o the_o imposition_n set_v and_o take_v in_o england_n by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n with_o the_o exception_n and_o gabelle_n in_o foreign_a state_n and_o kingdom_n whereby_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n do_v not_o bear_v so_o heavy_a a_o burden_n by_o many_o degree_n as_o the_o subject_n of_o other_o nation_n do_v bear_v in_o this_o kind_n 147_o a_o argument_n up_o on_o the_o question_n of_o imposition_n digest_v and_o divide_v into_o sundry_a chapter_n by_o one_o of_o his_o majesty_n learned_a counsel_n in_o ireland_n chap._n i._n the_o exposition_n and_o meaning_n of_o certain_a word_n which_o do_v show_v the_o true_a state_n of_o the_o question_n the_o question_n itself_o be_v no_o more_o than_o this_o whether_o the_o imposition_n which_o the_o king_n â—f_fw-mi england_n have_v lay_v and_o levy_v upon_o merchandise_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o prerogative_n only_o without_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v lawful_a or_o warrant_v by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n by_o the_o word_n imposition_n we_o mean_v only_o such_o rate_n or_o sum_n of_o money_n as_o the_o king_n by_o letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n or_o ireland_n have_v set_v upon_o merchandize_n import_v and_o export_v and_o command_v the_o same_o to_o be_v pay_v and_o levy_v to_o his_o majesty_n use_n over_o and_o above_o the_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n former_o due_a and_o payable_a for_o the_o same_o merchandize_n by_o the_o word_n merchandize_n we_o mean_v only_o such_o good_n or_o merchandize_n as_o be_v transport_v over_o the_o sea_n from_o one_o realm_n or_o dominion_n unto_o another_o to_o be_v sell_v or_o exchange_v for_o reasonable_a gain_n or_o profit_n for_o upon_o the_o ingate_n or_o outgate_n of_o commodity_n so_o cross_v the_o sea_n only_o custom_n subsidy_n and_o imposition_n for_o merchandize_n be_v pay_v and_o take_v and_o not_o for_o any_o commodity_n carry_v too_o and_o fro_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n within_o one_o and_o the_o same_o realm_n and_o dominion_n by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n we_o understand_v not_o only_o our_o customary_a common_a law_n and_o our_o statute_n of_o england_n which_o be_v native_a and_o peculiar_a to_o our_o nation_n only_o but_o such_o other_o law_n also_o as_o be_v common_a to_o other_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o we_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o use_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n by_o the_o king_n and_o people_n of_o england_n in_o divers_a case_n and_o by_o such_o ancient_a usage_n be_v become_v the_o law_n of_o england_n in_o such_o case_n namely_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nation_n and_o the_o law-merchant_n which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o law_n the_o imperial_a or_o civil_a law_n the_o common_a or_o ecclesiastical_a law_n every_o of_o which_o law_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o same_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o use_v in_o england_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n may_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o law_n of_o england_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nation_n or_o jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la and_o the_o force_n thereof_o in_o all_o kingdom_n that_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n be_v a_o principal_a subject_n of_o that_o law_n and_o that_o it_o give_v power_n unto_o all_o king_n to_o take_v custom_n and_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o that_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n have_v many_o prerogative_n annex_v to_o it_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n of_o which_o our_o common_a law_n take_v notice_n and_o do_v admit_v and_o approve_v the_o same_o jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la or_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nation_n be_v of_o equal_a force_n in_o all_o kingdom_n for_o all_o kingdom_n have_v their_o beginning_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n therefore_o it_o stand_v with_o good_a reason_n that_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n shall_v be_v of_o force_n and_o of_o like_a force_n in_o all_o kingdom_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n in_o the_o realm_n subject_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n also_o be_v in_o force_n in_o such_o case_n especial_o wherein_o the_o king_n himself_o or_o his_o subject_n have_v correspondence_n or_o commerce_n with_o other_o nation_n who_o be_v not_o bind_v in_o those_o case_n by_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o england_n omnes_fw-la populi_fw-la say_v justinian_n justinian_n qui_fw-la legibus_fw-la et_fw-la moribus_fw-la reguntur_fw-la partim_fw-la suo_fw-la proprio_fw-la partim_fw-la communi_fw-la omnium_fw-la hominum_fw-la jure_fw-la utuntur_fw-la nam_fw-la quod_fw-la cuique_fw-la populus_fw-la ipse_fw-la sibi_fw-la ius_fw-la constituit_fw-la id_fw-la ipsius_fw-la proprium_fw-la civitatis_fw-la est_fw-la vocaturque_fw-la jus_fw-la civil_a quod_fw-la vero_fw-la naturalis_fw-la ratio_fw-la inter_fw-la omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la constituit_fw-la id_fw-la apud_fw-la omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la plerumque_fw-la custoditur_fw-la vocaturque_fw-la jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la quasi_fw-la quo_fw-la jure_fw-la omnes_fw-la gentes_fw-la utuntur_fw-la and_o in_o the_o same_o place_n it_o be_v say_v ius_fw-la gentium_fw-la omni_fw-la hominum_fw-la generi_fw-la common_fw-la est_fw-la and_o exhoc_fw-la iure_fw-la gentium_fw-la omnes_fw-la pene_fw-la contractus_fw-la introducti_fw-la sunt_fw-la ut_fw-la emptio_fw-la venditio_fw-la locatio_fw-la conductio_fw-la societas_fw-la depositum_fw-la mutuum_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o with_o this_o agree_v our_o doctor_n and_o student_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 2._o 1.lib.cap.2_a where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o trade_n and_o traffic_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n so_o that_o commerce_n trade_n and_o traffic_n for_o merchandise_n between_o the_o people_n of_o several_a nation_n and_o kingdom_n be_v a_o principal_a subject_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o therefore_o to_o that_o question_n that_o have_v be_v make_v in_o england_n whether_o the_o ancient_a custom_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n do_v first_o grow_v due_a by_o our_o customary_a common_a law_n or_o statute_n law_n of_o england_n why_o may_v i_o not_o answer_v that_o neither_o the_o customary_a law_n nor_o the_o statute_n law_n of_o england_n but_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nation_n do_v first_o give_v these_o duty_n unto_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n for_o as_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v before_o king_n for_o king_n be_v make_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n ex_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la reges_fw-la originem_fw-la traxerunt_fw-la say_v baldus_n baldus_n so_o king_n be_v no_o soon_o make_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o present_o the_o same_o law_n cum_fw-la creatus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la rex_fw-la ei_fw-la omnia_fw-la regalia_fw-la conceduntur_fw-la and_o competit_fw-la omnibus_fw-la regibus_fw-la jus_fw-la imponendi_fw-la quantum_fw-la habet_fw-la begalia_fw-la say_v baldus_n baldus_n vectigalia_fw-la introduct_fw-la a_fw-la sunt_fw-la à _fw-la jure_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n ideo_fw-la non_fw-la otiosase_fw-la favoralia_fw-la say_v another_o doctor_n do_v annex_v this_o prerogative_n to_o their_o several_a crown_n vectigalorigine_fw-la ipsa_fw-la jus_fw-la caesarum_fw-la et_fw-la regum_fw-la partimoniale_fw-la est_fw-la say_v another_o inhaeret_fw-la sceptro_fw-la say_v another_o and_o therefore_o when_o our_o ancient_a british_a king_n take_v up_o custom_n for_o merchandize_n transport_v into_o france_n as_o strabo_n strabo_n write_v britanni_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la tollebant_fw-la gravia_fw-la earum_fw-la rerum_fw-la quas_fw-la brevi_fw-la trajectu_fw-la in_o galliam_n importabant_fw-la shall_v we_o presume_v they_o do_v it_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n no_o for_o doubtless_o they_o do_v it_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o prerogative_n give_v unto_o they_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o king_n upon_o their_o first_o institution_n do_v great_a thing_n than_o this_o by_o their_o prerogative_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n vetusissima_fw-la coronae_fw-la jura_fw-la ex_fw-la singulari_fw-la regum_fw-la decreto_fw-la primitus_fw-la orta_fw-la say_v a_o learned_a doctor_n and_o at_o first_o say_v justinian_n justinian_n arbitria_fw-la regum_fw-la prolegibus_fw-la fuere_fw-la and_o so_o say_v halicarnassus_n lib._n 3._o lib.3_o cicero_n offic._n lib._n 2._o and_o true_o as_o custom_n and_o imposition_n take_v upon_o importation_n of_o merchandize_n be_v most_o proper_o call_v vectigalia_fw-la à _fw-la mercibm_fw-la evectis_fw-la
et_fw-la invectis_fw-la be_v the_o most_o ancient_a duty_n payable_a to_o the_o king_n so_o be_v the_o same_o ground_v say_v bodin_n upon_o the_o great_a reason_n and_o equity_n in_o the_o world_n quid_fw-la est_fw-la enim_fw-la rationi_fw-la et_fw-la aequitati_fw-la magis_fw-la consentaneum_fw-la quà m_fw-la et_fw-la be_v qui_fw-la in_fw-la nostro_fw-la territorio_fw-la et_fw-la ex_fw-la nostris_fw-la questum_fw-la facit_fw-la principi_fw-la nostro_fw-la cujus_fw-la permissu_fw-la et_fw-la sub_fw-la cujus_fw-la protectione_fw-la negotiatur_fw-la aliquod_fw-la perdat_fw-la et_fw-la presolvat_fw-la and_o this_o common_a reason_n and_o equity_n which_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o these_o duty_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n what_o be_v it_o else_o but_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o that_o which_o common_a reason_n have_v establish_v among_o all_o man_n for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o man_n and_o which_o all_o nation_n have_v receive_v and_o embrace_v for_o their_o mutual_a benefit_n and_o commodity_n neither_o be_v this_o the_o only_a prerogative_n which_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n habet_fw-la et_fw-la rex_fw-la in_fw-la regno_fw-la suo_fw-la say_v bracton_n bracton_n alia_fw-la privilegia_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la propria_fw-la viz._n soreceum_fw-la maris_fw-la thesaurum_fw-la insentum_fw-la grossos_fw-la pisces_fw-la and_o balenas_fw-la et_fw-la sturgiones_fw-la wavias_n etc._n etc._n huiusmodi_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentiune_n pertinent_fw-la ad_fw-la coronam_fw-la say_v stampford_n prerogativa_fw-la regis_fw-la fol._n 37._o 6._o add_v hereunto_o the_o absolute_a power_n of_o the_o king_n to_o make_v war_n and_o peace_n league_n and_o truce_n to_o grant_v safe_a conduct_n to_o pardon_v all_o offender_n to_o distribute_v all_o degree_n of_o honour_n and_o the_o like_a wherein_o the_o king_n have_v sole_a and_o absolute_a power_n merune_v imperium_fw-la et_fw-la non_fw-la mixtum_fw-la and_o which_o prerogative_n be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o crown_n and_o incident_a to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n 37.6_o last_o for_o the_o proof_n that_o our_o common_a law_n do_v acknowledge_v and_o prove_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n in_o most_o of_o these_o case_n the_o book_n 19_o edw._n 4._o 6._o 4.6_o do_v approve_v the_o king_n absolute_a power_n in_o make_v war_n peace_n and_o league_n and_o in_o 37_o edw._n 6._o 20._o 6.20_o that_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n whereby_o the_o high_a constable_n and_o marshal_n of_o england_n do_v proceed_v in_o their_o court_n of_o war_n and_o chivalry_n be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n we_o find_v also_o the_o king_n sole_a power_n in_o 11_o hen._n 4._o 4_o rot._n parliament_n in_fw-la archivis_fw-la turris_fw-la london_n for_o coin_v of_o money_n we_o have_v the_o case_n of_o mine_n com._n 316._o 316_o for_o safe_a conduct_n of_o merchant_n and_o stop_v of_o trade_n tempore_fw-la guerrae_fw-la and_o letter_n of_o reprisal_n we_o have_v 7_o edw._n 4.19.2_o r._n 3.2_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 30._o cap.30_n and_o the_o register_n wherein_o we_o find_v writ_n of_o reprisal_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o law_n merchant_n which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o how_o it_o differ_v from_o our_o common_a law_n and_o how_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o our_o law_n merchandize_n do_v differ_v from_o other_o good_n and_o chattel_n which_o do_v not_o cross_v the_o sea_n and_o how_o the_o common_a law_n and_o statute_n law_n of_o england_n do_v admit_v and_o allow_v of_o the_o law_n merchant_n mercaturavel_v societas_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la est_fw-la magna_fw-la respublica_fw-la say_v ulpian_n ulpian_n and_o therefore_o that_o commonwealth_n of_o merchant_n have_v always_o have_v a_o peculiar_a and_o proper_a law_n to_o rule_v and_o govern_v it_o this_o law_n be_v call_v the_o law_n merchant_n whereof_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n do_v take_v special_a knowledge_n first_o both_o the_o common_a law_n and_o statute_n law_n of_o england_n do_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o law_n merchant_n and_o do_v leave_v the_o cause_n of_o merchant_n and_o merchandize_n to_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o that_o law_n for_o what_o say_v the_o book_n of_o 13_o edw._n 4.9_o 10_o 4.9,10_o a_o merchant_n stranger_n make_v suit_n before_o the_o king_n privy_a council_n for_o certain_a bail_n of_o silk_n felonious_o take_v from_o he_o and_o it_o be_v move_v that_o this_o matter_n may_v be_v determine_v by_o common_a law_n unto_o which_o motion_n the_o lord_n chancellor_n do_v there_o answer_n this_o suit_n be_v bring_v by_o a_o merchant_n who_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o sue_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n nor_o to_o tarry_v the_o trial_n of_o twelve_o man_n nor_o other_o solemnity_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n albeit_o the_o king_n have_v jurisdiction_n of_o he_o within_o the_o realm_n and_o may_v cause_v he_o to_o stand_v to_o his_o judgement_n yet_o this_o must_v be_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o some_o call_v the_o law_n merchant_n which_o be_v a_o law_n universal_a throughout_o the_o word_n these_o be_v the_o word_n of_o that_o book_n and_o it_o be_v there_o resolve_v by_o all_o the_o justice_n that_o if_o the_o merchandize_n of_o such_o a_o merchant_n stranger_n be_v steal_v and_o wave_v by_o the_o felon_n the_o king_n himself_o shall_v not_o take_v those_o merchandize_n as_o waif_n though_o in_o that_o case_n the_o good_n of_o another_o person_n be_v lose_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n do_v not_o this_o case_n make_v it_o manifest_a that_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o our_o common_a law_n merchandize_n that_o cross_v the_o sea_n be_v good_n of_o another_o nature_n quality_n and_o consideration_n than_o other_o good_n and_o chattel_n which_o be_v possess_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o do_v not_o cross_v the_o sea_n this_o learning_n be_v not_o common_a in_o our_o book_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v it_o meet_v to_o exemplify_v this_o difference_n with_o more_o case_n in_o this_o point_n if_o two_o merchant_n be_v joint-owner_n or_o partner_n in_o merchandize_n which_o they_o have_v acquire_v by_o a_o joint-contract_n in_o this_o case_n the_o one_o shall_v have_v a_o action_n of_o account_n against_o the_o other_o die_fw-la legem_fw-la mercatoriam_fw-la say_v the_o register_n fol._n 135._o and_o f._n n._n 117._o d._n d._n and_o yet_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n if_o two_o man_n be_v joint_o possess_v of_o other_o good_n which_o be_v not_o merchandize_n the_o one_o shall_v not_o call_v the_o other_o to_o account_n for_o the_o same_o again_o if_o two_o merchant_n have_v a_o joint_a interest_n in_o merchandize_n if_o the_o own_o die_v the_o survivor_n shall_v not_o have_v all_o but_o the_o executor_n of_o the_o party_n decease_a shall_v by_o the_o law_n merchant_n call_v the_o survivor_n to_o a_o account_n for_o the_o moiety_n f.n._n 117._o d._n d._n whereas_o if_o there_o be_v two_o joint_n of_o other_o good_n which_o be_v not_o merchandize_n the_o survivor_n shall_v have_v all_o per_fw-la jus_fw-la accrescendi_fw-la even_o by_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n again_o in_o a_o action_n of_o debt_n upon_o a_o simple_a contract_n which_o be_v without_o deed_n in_o writing_n the_o defendant_n by_o the_o common_a law_n may_v wage_v his_o law_n that_o be_v he_o may_v bar_v the_o plaintiff_n of_o his_o action_n by_o take_v a_o oath_n that_o he_o do_v not_o owe_v the_o debt_n nor_o any_o part_n thereof_o and_o yet_o in_o itin._n derby_n 2_o edw._n 3._o 3_o john_n crompton_n merchant_n upon_o a_o contract_n without_o deed_n the_o defendant_n will_v have_v wage_v his_o law_n but_o be_v not_o permit_v so_o to_o do_v and_o so_o judgement_n be_v give_v against_o the_o say_a defendant_n again_o the_o good_n of_o ecclesiastical_a person_n be_v discharge_v of_o toll_n by_o the_o common_a law_n si_fw-la non_fw-la exerceat_fw-la marchandizas_n de_fw-la eisdem_fw-la say_v the_o register_n 259._o a._o a._n for_o than_o their_o good_n be_v charge_v be_v now_o become_v good_n of_o another_o nature_n when_o the_o same_o be_v turn_v into_o merchandize_n so_o be_v the_o good_n of_o the_o french_a nobility_n discharge_v by_o gabelle_n and_o imposition_n if_o they_o traffic_v not_o but_o if_o they_o traffic_v say_v bodin_n bodin_n their_o good_n be_v charge_v like_o other_o merchandize_n again_o for_o good_n wrongful_o take_v within_o the_o land_n the_o common_a law_n give_v remedy_n against_o the_o trespasser_n or_o the_o wrongful_a taker_n only_o but_o if_o a_o english_a merchant_n be_v spoil_v of_o his_o merchandize_n upon_o the_o sea_n or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o subject_a of_o another_o king_n the_o register_n do_v give_v he_o a_o writ_n of_o reprisal_n against_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o that_o nation_n regist._n 122._o 6._o and_o 46_o hen._n 3._o 3_o we_o find_v a_o more_o brief_a cause_n of_o justice_n for_o there_o the_o king_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o
it_o be_v true_o say_v for_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n that_o his_o majesty_n that_o now_o be_v and_o all_o his_o noble_a progenitor_n have_v use_v and_o put_v in_o practice_n this_o prerogative_n with_o more_o moderation_n and_o favour_n towards_o the_o people_n than_o any_o foreign_a state_n or_o prince_n in_o the_o world_n have_v beside_o and_o that_o in_o three_o respect_n first_o the_o king_n of_o england_n do_v make_v use_n of_o this_o prerogative_n only_o in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n cross_v the_o sea_n upon_o such_o only_a and_o not_o upon_o any_o other_o good_n which_o be_v buy_v and_o sell_v within_o the_o land_n neither_o do_v he_o by_o his_o absolute_a power_n alone_o impose_v any_o tax_n upon_o land_n or_o capita_fw-la hominum_fw-la or_o capita_fw-la animalium_fw-la or_o upon_o other_o thing_n innumerable_a whereof_o there_o be_v strange_a precedent_n and_o example_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a in_o other_o country_n second_o the_o king_n do_v not_o charge_v all_o merchandize_n cross_v the_o sea_n with_o this_o imposition_n now_o in_o question_n for_o in_o the_o letter_n patent_n whereby_o the_o imposition_n of_o twelve_o penny_n in_o the_o pound_n over_o and_o above_o the_o subsidy_n of_o poundage_n be_v lay_v and_o limit_v divers_a kind_n of_o commodity_n be_v except_v especial_o such_o as_o serve_v for_o food_n and_o subsistence_n of_o the_o king_n people_n for_o set_v the_o poor_a on_o work_n for_o maintenance_n of_o navigation_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o like_a nature_n as_o before_o be_v declare_v three_o the_o imposition_n which_o be_v lay_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n upon_o merchandize_n be_v not_o so_o high_a as_o the_o imposition_n and_o exaction_n set_v and_o take_v by_o other_o prince_n and_o state_n for_o the_o high_a imposition_n in_o ireland_n be_v but_o twelve_o penny_n upon_o the_o pound_n or_o but_o a_o single_a poundage_n which_o be_v but_o five_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o be_v the_o low_a rate_n in_o christendom_n at_o this_o day_n and_o in_o england_n there_o be_v add_v but_o twelve_o penny_n in_o the_o pound_n more_o which_o be_v but_o ten_o pound_n upon_o the_o hundred_o pound_n and_o yet_o divers_a sort_n of_o merchandize_n as_o i_o say_v before_o be_v except_v and_o discharge_v of_o that_o imposition_n of_o the_o second_o imposition_n of_o twelve_o penny_n but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n let_v we_o see_v the_o practice_n of_o other_o prince_n and_o state_n in_o lay_v imposition_n and_o how_o far_o they_o have_v extend_v and_o strain_v their_o prerogative_n in_o that_o point_n beyond_o and_o above_o the_o imposition_n in_o england_n i_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o roman_n when_o they_o have_v gain_v the_o monarchy_n of_o the_o world_n so_o as_o all_o kingly_a power_n do_v rest_n in_o their_o emperor_n first_o julius_n caesar_n lay_v the_o first_o imposition_n imposition_n upon_o foreign_a merchandize_n say_v suctonius_n peregrinarum_fw-la mercium_fw-la portaria_fw-la primus_fw-la instituit_fw-la and_o that_o imposition_n be_v octava_fw-la rerum_fw-la pars_fw-la which_o be_v more_o by_o a_o five_o part_n than_o our_o high_a imposition_n in_o england_n for_o it_o be_v two_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n upon_o the_o pound_n next_o augustus_n caesar_n about_o the_o time_n of_o our_o saviour_n birth_n send_v out_o a_o edict_n whereby_o he_o do_v tax_v all_o the_o world_n and_o this_o tax_n be_v capitatio_fw-la or_o a_o imposition_n super_fw-la capita_fw-la hominum_fw-la though_o the_o quantity_n thereof_o do_v not_o appear_v but_o the_o poll-money_n which_o our_o saviour_n do_v pay_v and_o wrought_v a_o miracle_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o high_a insition_n for_o the_o piece_n of_o money_n take_v out_o of_o the_o fish_n mouth_n which_o be_v call_v didrachma_fw-la or_o stater_n be_v say_v to_o be_v worth_a two_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n sterling_a which_o be_v give_v for_o himself_o and_o peter_n da_fw-la illis_fw-la pro_fw-la me_fw-la et_fw-la te_fw-la show_v that_o fifteen_o penny_n sterling_a be_v give_v for_o a_o poll_n which_o must_v needs_o amount_v to_o a_o infinite_a thing_n if_o it_o be_v collect_v over_o all_o the_o world_n then_o subject_a to_o the_o roman_a emperor_n tiberius_n the_o roman_a emperor_n emperor_n who_o succeed_v augustus_n take_v the_o hundred_o part_n of_o all_o thing_n buy_v and_o sell_v within_o the_o empire_n which_o perhaps_o be_v a_o imposition_n of_o great_a value_n and_o profit_n than_o the_o other_o caligula_n caligula_n the_o emperor_n lay_v a_o imposition_n upon_o all_o suit_n in_o law_n and_o take_v the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o value_n of_o the_o value_n of_o the_o thing_n sue_v for_o and_o set_v a_o pain_n upon_o the_o plaintiff_n if_o he_o compound_v or_o be_v nonsuited_a without_o his_o licence_n he_o likewise_o impose_v a_o number_n of_o sesterii_fw-la upon_o every_o marriage_n contract_v or_o make_v within_o the_o whole_a empire_n vespasian_n vespasian_n in_o mean_a and_o more_o homely_a matter_n take_v by_o way_n of_o imposition_n a_o part_n of_o every_o poor_a labourer_n wage_n and_o part_n of_o every_o beggar_n alm_n he_o set_v likewise_o a_o imposition_n upon_o urine_n and_o please_v himself_o with_o this_o apothegm_n dulcis_fw-la odor_fw-la lucri_fw-la ex_fw-la re_fw-la qualibet_fw-la severus_n the_o emperor_n do_v impose_v upon_o the_o dishonest_a gain_n of_o the_o stew_n and_o take_v part_n of_o the_o prostitute_n there_o as_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n do_v at_o this_o day_n all_o the_o emperor_n before_o trajan_n take_v the_o twenty_o part_n of_o all_o legacy_n and_o land_n descend_v as_o thing_n which_o come_v unlooked_v for_o and_o as_o a_o clear_a gain_n and_o therefore_o the_o heir_n and_o legatory_n may_v easy_o spare_v a_o part_n to_o the_o emperor_n and_o nicephorus_n one_o of_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o east_n do_v not_o only_o take_v sumaria_fw-la tributa_fw-la smoke-money_n out_o of_o every_o chimney_n but_o he_o lay_v a_o imposition_n upon_o every_o man_n estate_n that_o grow_v sudden_o rich_a upon_o a_o presumption_n that_o he_o have_v find_v a_o treasury_n which_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n by_o prerogative_n with_o a_o little_a more_o search_n i_o may_v find_v out_o other_o imposition_n of_o several_a kind_n set_v by_o the_o ancient_a emperor_n upon_o the_o head_n of_o beast_n upon_o the_o tile_n of_o house_n and_o the_o like_a i_o may_v add_v hereunto_o the_o imposition_n set_v by_o lorraine_n upon_o every_o pane_n of_o glass_n in_o window_n but_o these_o may_v suffice_v how_o high_a they_o strain_v and_o how_o far_o they_o extend_v their_o prerogative_n in_o this_o point_n of_o imposition_n second_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v overcome_v by_o the_o goth_n and_o vandal_n and_o other_o barbarous_a nation_n and_o thereby_o break_v into_o kingdom_n and_o free_a state_n their_o pass_a divers_a age_n before_o these_o monarchy_n can_v be_v well_o settle_v and_o before_o peace_n breed_v plenty_n any_o plenty_n breed_v civility_n and_o before_o trade_n traffic_n commerce_n and_o intercourse_n can_v be_v establish_v between_o these_o state_n and_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o while_o these_o state_n and_o kingdom_n be_v yet_o but_o poor_a and_o while_o there_o be_v a_o general_a scarcity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n in_o these_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o so_o for_o want_v of_o money_n there_o be_v but_o little_a trade_n and_o traffic_n among_o the_o people_n either_o at_o home_n or_o broad_a king_n and_o prince_n do_v not_o neither_o can_v they_o make_v that_o use_n of_o their_o prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n as_o they_o have_v do_v in_o those_o latter_a time_n since_o all_o art_n and_o science_n have_v be_v increase_v all_o commodity_n improve_v and_o the_o riches_n of_o the_o east_n and_o west_n indies_n have_v be_v transport_v into_o this_o hemisphere_n but_o now_o let_v we_o see_v whether_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n of_o other_o country_n round_o about_o we_o at_o this_o day_n make_v not_o a_o far_o more_o profitable_a use_n of_o their_o prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o their_o people_n than_o the_o king_n of_o england_n do_v albeit_o his_o kingly_a power_n be_v full_a as_o large_a as_o any_o of_o they_o in_o france_n france_n the_o most_o rich_a and_o ancient_a of_o the_o neighbour_n kingdom_n the_o imposition_n not_o only_o upon_o merchandize_n cross_v the_o sea_n but_o also_o upon_o land_n good_n person_n of_o man_n within_o the_o realm_n be_v so_o many_o in_o number_n and_o in_o name_n so_o divers_a as_o it_o be_v a_o pain_n to_o name_n and_o collect_v they_o all_o and_o therefore_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o more_o painful_a thing_n for_o the_o people_n of_o that_o kingdom_n to_o bear_v they_o all_o la_fw-fr tally_n le_fw-fr talon_n les_fw-fr aid_n les_fw-fr aquavalentes_fw-la les_fw-fr equi_fw-la pollentes_fw-la les_fw-fr cruces_fw-la or_o augmentation_n of_o divers_a kind_n le_fw-fr hop_n benevolence_n la_fw-fr cabelle_n