wrong_n recover_v his_o damage_n in_o 19_o ed._n 3._o lib._n assize_n plac_n 6._o a_o presentment_n be_v find_v by_o jury_n before_o commissioner_n that_o certain_a person_n by_o 3._o 19_o ed._n 3._o name_n have_v turn_v the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n of_o lee_n which_o be_v there_o term_v the_o king_n stream_n and_o run_v from_o ware_n to_o waltham_n and_o so_o to_o london_n and_o have_v fix_v and_o pitch_a pile_n and_o stake_n therein_o by_o mean_n whereof_o boat_n and_o ballanger_n be_v hinder_v in_o their_o passage_n up_o and_o down_o the_o river_n and_o upon_o this_o presentment_n it_o be_v award_v that_o those_o person_n which_o be_v present_v by_o name_n and_o which_o have_v do_v part_n of_o the_o nusans_a shall_v reform_v the_o same_o and_o because_o some_o of_o the_o party_n name_n can_v not_o be_v discover_v which_o have_v do_v other_o part_n of_o the_o say_v nusans_a it_o be_v order_v that_o the_o sheriff_n shall_v be_v command_v by_o writ_n to_o he_o to_o be_v direct_v to_o reform_v that_o part_n of_o the_o nusans_a take_v therein_o to_o his_o assistance_n those_o person_n who_o have_v ground_n next_o adjoin_v and_o quod_fw-la defendentes_fw-la sint_fw-la in_o miserecordia_fw-la dom_n '_o regit_fw-la because_o the_o nusan_o be_v not_o find_v to_o be_v do_v by_o force_n in_o 19_o ed._n 3._o fol._n 23._o in_o the_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n for_o a_o nusan_o do_v the_o judgement_n in_o part_n be_v that_o the_o nusan_o shall_v be_v remove_v &_o cum_fw-la hoc_fw-la concordat_fw-la 7_o h._n 4._o 8._o upon_o these_o three_o case_n i_o observe_v 4._o 7_o h._n 4._o that_o be_v the_o action_n private_a or_o popular_a always_o one_o part_n of_o judgement_n be_v that_o the_o nusan_o shall_v be_v remove_v at_o the_o cost_n and_o charge_n of_o he_o or_o they_o which_o do_v it_o therefore_o these_o case_n do_v full_o maintain_v my_o opinion_n former_o deliver_v and_o although_o in_o all_o the_o say_a case_n it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v a_o legal_a course_n take_v to_o remove_v the_o nuisance_n yet_o there_o be_v another_o course_n allow_v of_o by_o the_o law_n and_o that_o be_v by_o abate_v of_o the_o nusans_a in_o pull_v or_o cut_v the_o same_o down_o and_o the_o law_n be_v express_v so_o in_o the_o point_n in_o 9_o ed._n 4._o fol._n 35._o as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o nusan_o do_v to_o i._n s._n he_o or_o some_o 4._o 9_o ed._n 4._o other_o by_o his_o direction_n may_v overthrow_v the_o nusans_a but_o if_o it_o be_v do_v ad_fw-la nocumentum_fw-la populi_fw-la as_o in_o the_o high_a or_o royal_a stream_n than_o any_o person_n prejudice_v thereby_o may_v abate_v the_o same_o to_o make_v a_o stream_n navigable_a but_o it_o have_v be_v object_v to_o i_o by_o way_n of_o interogation_n can_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n make_v a_o unnavigable_a river_n or_o stream_n to_o become_v or_o to_o be_v make_v navigable_a by_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n yea_o or_o no_o touch_v which_o i_o shall_v deliver_v my_o opinion_n as_o follow_v if_o this_o can_v have_v be_v do_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n then_o what_o shall_v it_o have_v need_v to_o have_v procure_v act_n of_o parliament_n for_o the_o do_v thereof_o as_o 9_o h._n 6._o cap._n 9_o to_o make_v the_o river_n of_o lee_n navigable_a and_o 6_o h._n 8._o cap._n 17._o a_o statute_n to_o make_v the_o river_n at_o canterbury_n navigable_a and_o and_o in_o 31_o h._n 8._o cap._n 4._o to_o make_v the_o river_n of_o exit_fw-la near_o exeter_n navigable_a and_o 27_o eliz._n cap._n 20._o to_o make_v a_o river_n navigable_a at_o plymouth_n and_o in_o 3_o jac._n 10._o cap._n for_o make_v thames_n navigable_a in_o the_o county_n of_o oxford_n berks_n wilts_n and_o gloucester_n these_o in_o truth_n be_v good_a argument_n but_o not_o convince_a proof_n for_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o if_o stream_n can_v be_v make_v navigable_a unless_o there_o be_v certain_a mill_n wear_v stank_n or_o kiddel_n remove_v which_o be_v the_o inheritance_n of_o private_a person_n and_o have_v have_v continuance_n time_n out_o of_o memory_n then_o direct_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v not_o power_n to_o raze_v or_o impair_v these_o by_o the_o remove_n thereof_o to_o make_v the_o stream_n navigable_a but_o in_o these_o case_n a_o new_a private_a act_n of_o parliament_n must_v be_v obtain_v for_o the_o effect_n thereof_o which_o be_v the_o occasion_n many_o of_o the_o say_v private_a statute_n be_v obtain_v but_o if_o none_o of_o these_o inheritable_a encumbrance_n stand_v in_o the_o way_n but_o that_o by_o the_o cleanse_n or_o deep_a cast_n of_o the_o channel_n the_o same_o may_v be_v make_v navigable_a then_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n to_o do_v the_o same_o and_o there_o be_v word_n in_o our_o statute_n will_v bear_v this_o exposition_n videlicet_fw-la and_o to_o cleanse_v and_o purge_v the_o trench_n stream_n sewer_n gutter_n and_o ditch_n in_o all_o place_n necessary_a and_o herewithal_o i_o intend_v to_o close_v up_o this_o day_n exercise_v with_o this_o short_a conclusion_n that_o be_v that_o e._n be_v not_o sufficient_a freeman_n nor_o be_v resciant_fw-la nor_o have_v good_n of_o value_n to_o make_v he_o a_o competent_a commissioner_n that_o notwithstanding_o b._n and_o c._n and_o the_o countess_n of_o warwick_n be_v competent_a commissioner_n and_o they_o join_v with_o three_o of_o the_o quorum_fw-la have_v power_n to_o make_v and_o ordain_v law_n of_o sewer_n and_o because_o this_o be_v be_v new_o erect_v therefore_o the_o law_n and_o ordinance_n make_v to_o raze_v it_o and_o to_o pull_v it_o down_o be_v a_o good_a law_n and_o warrant_v by_o this_o statute_n etc._n etc._n finis_fw-la huius_fw-la quartae_fw-la lecturae_fw-la quinta_fw-la lectura_fw-la generou_n auditor_n my_o fellow_n and_o friend_n of_o this_o most_o famous_a and_o renown_a inn_n of_o court_n i_o have_v sail_v so_o far_o within_o the_o land_n that_o my_o ship_n have_v take_v up_o her_o harbour_n in_o the_o inland_a stream_n and_o i_o myself_o be_o get_v up_o to_o the_o high_a mountain_n to_o the_o end_n i_o may_v take_v the_o view_n and_o survey_v of_o all_o my_o former_a day_n labour_n and_o this_o be_v the_o last_o day_n of_o my_o read_n i_o must_v now_o make_v my_o account_n to_o you_o of_o my_o stewardship_n the_o talon_n which_o be_v deliver_v i_o when_o i_o enter_v upon_o my_o first_o day_n exercise_v be_v this_o worthy_a statute_n of_o sewer_n which_o i_o have_v put_v forth_o to_o the_o best_a use_n i_o can_v in_o my_o poor_a skill_n and_o understanding_n but_o in_o the_o cast_n up_o of_o my_o account_n it_o may_v be_v it_o will_v come_v short_a of_o your_o exctation_n if_o it_o do_v i_o pray_v you_o help_v to_o increase_v it_o out_o of_o your_o abundant_a store_n and_o consider_v with_o yourselves_o that_o your_o reader_n take_v in_o hand_n to_o read_v upon_o a_o maiden-law_n which_o never_o before_o this_o time_n abide_v his_o exposition_n in_o any_o inn_n of_o court_n and_o our_o law_n book_n be_v exceed_v scarce_o in_o the_o handle_n of_o matter_n of_o this_o kind_n &_o nature_n and_o so_o i_o want_v those_o mean_n and_o help_n which_o many_o other_o reader_n have_v have_v who_o have_v take_v upon_o they_o to_o make_v their_o reading_n of_o statute_n former_o read_v on_o and_o which_o have_v receive_v a_o more_o plentiful_a exposition_n in_o our_o book_n and_o term_n of_o the_o law_n then_o this_o of_o i_o have_v do_v it_o have_v be_v the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o this_o house_n for_o the_o reader_n in_o his_o last_o day_n exercise_v to_o make_v a_o brief_a repetition_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o index_n of_o the_o most_o substantial_a head_n of_o his_o statute_n and_o of_o his_o division_n and_o because_o every_o profession_n be_v most_o grace_v when_o it_o be_v follow_v and_o tread_v out_o in_o the_o step_n of_o learned_a predecessor_n i_o intend_v therefore_o to_o be_v no_o changeling_n nor_o mean_v i_o to_o produce_v or_o bring_v up_o new_a usage_n least_o old_a custom_n shall_v forget_v what_o herself_o have_v be_v in_o this_o manner_n therefore_o do_v i_o make_v my_o repetition_n first_o i_o deliver_v my_o opinion_n touch_v the_o extent_n of_o this_o statute_n which_o be_v as_o large_a as_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o that_o the_o english_a sea_n be_v within_o the_o realm_n i_o make_v it_o to_o appear_v that_o the_o dominion_n and_o empire_n of_o these_o sea_n the_o legal_a power_n of_o administration_n of_o justice_n the_o property_n profit_n and_o possession_n thereof_o do_v appertain_v to_o the_o king_n and_o that_o these_o profit_n be_v of_o two_o kind_n real_a and_o personal_a the_o real_a profit_n be_v the_o ground_n relinquish_v by_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v always_o such_o ground_n as_o have_v
in_o one_o of_o his_o epistle_n have_v there_o declare_v it_o to_o be_v than_o it_o may_v give_v satisfaction_n in_o this_o kind_n that_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n be_v in_o these_o time_n of_o great_a iminency_n and_o authority_n for_o there_o i_o find_v two_o several_a writ_n or_o commission_n of_o that_o nature_n the_o one_o authorise_v certain_a person_n to_o survey_v the_o defence_n in_o the_o part_n of_o holland_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n the_o other_o for_o the_o view_n and_o survey_v of_o the_o terminer_n register_n in_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n surround_v ground_n lie_v between_o the_o two_o rivers_n humber_n and_o auckholin_n in_o the_o say_a county_n of_o lincoln_n and_o the_o first_o of_o the_o say_a commission_n be_v set_v down_o verbatim_o in_o fitz._n nat_n breed_v foe_fw-mi 113._o yet_o the_o first_o statute_n which_o appear_v to_o we_o 113._o fitz._n nat._n breed_v fol._n 113._o in_o print_n wherein_o the_o frame_n of_o a_o commission_n of_o sewer_n be_v set_v down_o be_v the_o statute_n of_o 6._o henry_n 6._o chapt._n 5._o yet_o i_o make_v no_o question_n but_o the_o say_a commission_n express_v in_o the_o rigister_n 5._o 6._o h._n 6._o cap._n 5._o and_o fitz._n na_o breed_v be_v in_o their_o form_n long_o before_o henry_n the_o 6._o time_n and_o that_o the_o statute_n of_o hen._n 6._o add_v some_o more_o power_n and_o strength_n thereto_o then_o be_v before_o have_v back_v they_o with_o the_o power_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o it_o be_v something_o additional_a in_o matter_n as_o it_o be_v in_o power_n as_o by_o both_o the_o commission_n compare_v together_o be_v apparent_a i_o do_v likewise_o find_v in_o the_o 38._o edw._n 3._o lib._n ass_n plac_fw-la 15._o that_o 15._o 38._o ed._n 3._o lib._n ass_n pl._n 15._o a_o commission_n be_v award_v to_o inquire_v of_o bridge_n and_o of_o the_o repair_v thereof_o which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o these_o law_n and_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o his_o 10._o report_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n say_v that_o the_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n before_o the_o make_n of_o any_o statute_n of_o sewer_n may_v grant_v commission_n for_o the_o survey_v and_o repair_v of_o wall_n bank_n and_o river_n and_o other_o defence_n and_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n be_v the_o book_n of_o sir_n john_n davies_n in_o his_o irish_a report_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o royal_a pischary_n of_o the_o banne_n and_o sir_n edward_n cook_n have_v in_o report_v sir_n john_n davies_n report_v his_o first_o case_n set_v the_o first_o statute_n of_o sewer_n to_o be_v in_o time_n the_o 9_o h._n 3._o which_o be_v in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la the_o first_o volumn_n of_o of_o statute_n and_o the_o most_o ancient_a that_o be_v extant_a in_o our_o 3._o 9_o h._n 3._o law_n by_o all_o which_o be_v manifest_a that_o these_o law_n have_v be_v receive_v into_o the_o government_n of_o this_o realm_n in_o time_n as_o ancient_a as_o any_o other_o be_v and_o i_o be_o the_o rather_o herein_o confirm_v for_o that_o in_o the_o ancient_a commission_n express_v in_o the_o register_n aforesaid_a there_o be_v these_o word_n that_o the_o king_n ratione_fw-la dignitatis_fw-la suae_fw-la regiae_fw-la ad_fw-la providendum_fw-la salvationi_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la circumquaque_fw-la fuit_fw-la astrictus_fw-la wherein_o it_o be_v hereby_o make_v plain_a that_o the_o king_n by_o the_o tenure_n and_o prerogative_n of_o his_o crown_n be_v bind_v to_o see_v and_o foresee_v the_o safety_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o so_o this_o law_n be_v a_o prerogative_n law_n and_o seem_v to_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o any_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o all_o prerogative_n be_v without_o limitation_n of_o time_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v presume_v that_o all_o or_o any_o king_n till_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n 6._o be_v so_o improvident_a as_o to_o want_v these_o law_n without_o the_o which_o the_o realm_n can_v not_o be_v defend_v from_o the_o violence_n of_o that_o unmerciful_a enemy_n the_o sea_n wherein_o i_o do_v conclude_v that_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n be_v as_o ancient_a as_o any_o other_o law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v the_o extent_n of_o this_o law_n for_o the_o extent_n of_o this_o law_n the_o title_n of_o this_o statute_n show_v it_o viz_o a_o general_a act_n for_o grant_v commission_n of_o sewer_n within_o the_o realm_n without_o any_o word_n of_o restraint_n other_o than_o these_o where_o need_n shall_v require_v and_o although_o expounder_n of_o the_o law_n be_v not_o tie_v to_o make_v the_o title_n their_o text_n either_o for_o the_o body_n or_o the_o bound_n of_o it_o yet_o it_o may_v serve_v to_o give_v some_o direction_n in_o the_o exposition_n thereof_o but_o to_o make_v the_o title_n to_o be_v the_o ground_n in_o the_o material_a exposition_n of_o the_o law_n may_v lead_v the_o expositor_n many_o time_n into_o error_n for_o in_o stradling_n and_o morgan_n case_n in_o plo._n com._n the_o morgan_n stradling_n and_o morgan_n title_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v for_o the_o true_a answer_v for_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o word_n in_o the_o body_n do_v extend_v the_o same_o to_o the_o receiver_n of_o subject_n but_o there_o the_o judge_n and_o expounder_n of_o that_o law_n go_v with_o the_o title_n in_o a_o statute_n make_v in_o 23._o eliz._n the_o title_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v for_o politic_a eliz._n 23._o eliz._n constitution_n for_o the_o navy_n and_o in_o that_o statute_n there_o be_v a_o new_a fish_n day_n provide_v which_o no_o man_n will_v have_v look_v for_o under_o such_o a_o title_n and_o lucian_n a_o ancient_a greek_a poet_n compile_v a_o book_n and_o in_o the_o frontispiece_n thereof_o entitle_v the_o same_o a_o book_n of_o true_a report_n where_o look_v into_o it_o there_o be_v not_o any_o thing_n true_a therein_o so_o it_o appear_v though_o in_o act_n and_o book_n the_o title_n and_o style_n may_v give_v help_n in_o the_o exposition_n and_o may_v serve_v as_o a_o index_n or_o table_n to_o find_v out_o the_o matter_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o fit_a to_o rely_v upon_o they_o but_o that_o they_o may_v be_v use_v or_o refuse_v as_o occasion_n shall_v serve_v howsoever_o there_o be_v better_a concord_n betwixt_o the_o title_n and_o the_o body_n of_o my_o statute_n for_o the_o corpse_n of_o the_o act_n perform_v as_o much_o as_o the_o title_n promise_v whereby_o the_o inland_a country_n of_o nottingham_n northampton_n huntingdon_n bedford_n and_o the_o like_a may_v have_v the_o use_n of_o this_o statute_n as_o well_o as_o the_o maritine_n country_n of_o lincoln_n york_n cambridge_n norfolk_z suffolk_z kent_z sussex_n hampshire_n devon_n cornwall_n gloucester_n chester_n and_o lancashire_n if_o not_o in_o all_o yet_o in_o part_n as_o hereafter_o i_o shall_v make_v it_o appear_v in_o my_o second_o lecture_n upon_o this_o law_n and_o although_o both_o the_o statute_n of_o 6._o hen._n 8._o and_o the_o register_n and_o fitz._n nat._n brev._n make_v all_o of_o they_o mention_n in_o those_o commission_n of_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n and_o of_o no_o other_o county_n yet_o doubtless_o the_o lawmaker_n and_o judge_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o the_o expositor_n do_v intend_v then_o and_o do_v extend_v they_o to_o all_o the_o part_n and_o county_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o yet_o i_o take_v it_o that_o the_o first_o original_a and_o the_o chief_a use_n of_o these_o law_n be_v in_o the_o say_v maritine_n country_n which_o stand_v in_o most_o need_v thereof_o and_o especial_o lincolnshire_n where_o be_v the_o huge_a great_a and_o vast_a fen_n and_o marsh_n but_o yet_o notwithstanding_o they_o may_v serve_v general_o for_o all_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n as_o the_o extent_n of_o this_o statute_n i_o read_v on_o have_v bound_v they_o so_o herein_o my_o conclusion_n be_v that_o the_o extent_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v as_o large_a as_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n the_o necessary_a use_n of_o it_o from_o the_o title_n i_o be_o now_o come_v to_o the_o preamble_n of_o this_o statute_n where_o the_o word_n be_v very_o solid_a and_o weighty_a that_o be_v that_o the_o king_n nothing_o earthly_a so_o high_o weigh_v as_o the_o advance_v the_o common_a profit_n wealth_n and_o commodity_n of_o this_o realm_n by_o the_o which_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o make_n of_o this_o law_n be_v of_o all_o other_o think_v to_o be_v most_o necessary_a and_o of_o great_a consequence_n when_o the_o king_n prefer_v the_o same_o before_o any_o earthly_a thing_n and_o the_o king_n care_v herein_o become_v his_o royal_a person_n very_o worthy_o because_o by_o this_o statute_n safety_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o realm_n and_o wealth_n and_o profit_n to_o the_o people_n thereof_o great_a and_o better_a fruit_n then_o which_o no_o humane_a law_n can_v produce_v and_o the_o chief_a execution_n of_o this_o law_n be_v most_o apt_o
leave_v to_o the_o king_n ratione_fw-la regiae_fw-la dignitatis_fw-la suae_fw-la who_o office_n do_v as_o the_o philosopher_n true_o say_v contain_v in_o it_o great_a virtue_n high_a understanding_n and_o divine_a wisdom_n to_o who_o high_a government_n as_o well_o our_o person_n as_o our_o law_n be_v commit_v and_o the_o defence_n thereof_o be_v apply_v to_o his_o grave_a foresight_n and_o true_o i_o have_v take_v upon_o i_o to_o read_v on_o those_o law_n of_o sewer_n as_o mr._n marrow_n do_v in_o former_a time_n take_v upon_o he_o to_o expound_v in_o his_o read_v the_o law_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n hope_v this_o work_n of_o i_o may_v prove_v as_o acceptable_a to_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n as_o that_o of_o his_o be_v beneficial_a to_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n the_o use_n whereof_o being_n no_o less_o commodious_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n then_o that_o of_o the_o peace_n be_v both_o general_a law_n of_o great_a use_n and_o esteem_v and_o myself_o be_v for_o many_o year_n past_o a_o commissioner_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n i_o find_v that_o these_o law_n be_v dark_a and_o intricate_a and_o come_v not_o usual_o within_o the_o reach_n and_o understanding_n of_o such_o as_o be_v not_o well_o see_v and_o study_v in_o the_o law_n and_o because_o i_o find_v the_o use_n of_o they_o to_o be_v wondrous_o necessary_a i_o do_v intend_v when_o occasion_n serve_v i_o to_o break_v the_o ice_n and_o enter_v serious_o into_o the_o exposition_n of_o they_o and_o therefore_o see_v these_o law_n be_v in_o time_n most_o ancient_a in_o extent_n most_o large_a and_o for_o the_o use_n most_o necessary_a i_o have_v with_o your_o kind_a favour_n make_v choice_n of_o they_o to_o frame_v my_o read_n upon_o wherein_o if_o upon_o your_o perusal_n you_o find_v any_o escape_n or_o error_n which_o may_v soon_o fall_v from_o opinion_n haec_fw-la amice_fw-la corrige_n and_o such_o of_o they_o as_o you_o shall_v bestow_v your_o like_n upon_o hiis_fw-la vtere_fw-la mecum_fw-la and_o this_o shall_v suffice_v touch_v my_o choice_n make_v of_o this_o statute_n and_o as_o i_o have_v former_o declare_v and_o deliver_v the_o cause_n which_o stir_v i_o up_o and_o the_o reason_n which_o confirm_v i_o to_o read_v upon_o this_o statute_n now_o i_o do_v intend_v to_o break_v it_o up_o and_o i_o do_v divide_v it_o into_o these_o several_a branch_n or_o part_n first_o to_o make_v provision_n to_o resist_v the_o over_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n upon_o the_o large_a marsh_n ground_n lie_v in_o the_o maritine_n country_n which_o common_o be_v the_o sure_a for_o soundness_n the_o great_a for_o compass_n and_o the_o best_a for_o profit_n of_o all_o the_o sheep-walk_n and_o commons_o of_o this_o realm_n which_o take_v prejudice_n and_o loss_n only_o by_o the_o rage_n of_o the_o sea_n second_o to_o provide_v also_o that_o the_o great_a fresh_a river_n and_o stream_n may_v have_v their_o passage_n make_v clear_a and_o that_o their_o wall_n bank_n and_o other_o defence_n be_v repair_v keep_v and_o maintain_v whereby_o the_o fair_a delightful_a pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a meadow_n and_o pasture_n ground_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o great_a abundance_n upon_o or_o near_o the_o river_n brook_n and_o stream_n may_v be_v preserve_v from_o the_o inundation_n of_o fresh_a water_n which_o many_o time_n annoy_v they_o to_o the_o great_a and_o inestimable_a damage_n of_o his_o majesty_n subject_n which_o be_v owner_n and_o farmer_n thereof_o three_o whereas_o navigation_n both_o for_o the_o export_n of_o our_o homebred_a commodity_n and_o for_o the_o import_v of_o foreign_a merchandize_n be_v the_o chief_a enrich_n of_o this_o nation_n therefore_o port_n havens_n rivers_n and_o other_o navigable_a stream_n and_o their_o dependency_n be_v put_v within_o the_o defence_n of_o this_o law_n be_v ostia_n &_o janua_fw-la regni_fw-la for_o that_o by_o the_o maintenance_n of_o these_o the_o wealth_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v increase_v and_o the_o inland_a city_n borough_n and_o town_n be_v make_v partaker_n with_o ease_n and_o small_a cost_n of_o the_o sea_n commodity_n four_o likewise_o this_o law_n give_v redress_n and_o remedy_n for_o the_o remove_n of_o such_o let_n and_o impediment_n as_o be_v either_o hindrance_n to_o navigation_n or_o stop_v whereby_o the_o abundant_a water_n can_v have_v their_o free_a passage_n to_o the_o sea_n and_o five_o because_o in_o the_o surround_v ground_n there_o be_v most_o common_o the_o great_a use_n of_o bridge_n calceys_n passage_n and_o way_n therefore_o this_o statute_n have_v take_v order_n for_o they_o also_o whereby_o his_o majesty_n people_n may_v in_o those_o place_n for_o their_o person_n and_o their_o good_n have_v both_o salvum_fw-la &_o securum_fw-la conductum_fw-la in_o these_o five_o part_n be_v all_o the_o whole_a material_n of_o this_o great_a and_o worthy_a law_n contain_v and_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o say_a division_n i_o have_v frame_v a_o case_n for_o the_o first_o lecture_n upon_o this_o law_n the_o first_o case_n a._n lease_v to_o b._n a_o manor_n on_o the_o sea_n coast_n for_o year_n which_o have_v incrementum_fw-la &_o decrementum_fw-la maris_fw-la by_o prescription_n in_o the_o county_n of_o chester_n and_o the_o city_n there_o where_o a_o commission_n of_o sewer_n be_v remainder_n to_o c._n in_o fee_n livery_n be_v give_v and_o take_v by_o attorney_n at_o full_a sea_n within_o the_o view_n the_o sea_n than_o leave_v one_o hundred_o acre_n of_o land_n with_o the_o shore_n divide_v in_o part_n from_o the_o continent_n by_o a_o navigable_a haven_n the_o lease_n expire_v c._n enter_v the_o prince_n eject_v he_o and_o the_o king_n seize_v this_o relinquish_v ground_n my_o opinion_n be_v that_o the_o king_n have_v a_o part_n the_o prince_n a_o part_n and_o the_o subject_a a_o part_n of_o this_o ground_n and_o that_o it_o be_v all_o within_o this_o statute_n but_o no_o part_n thereof_o within_o this_o commission_n point_n of_o the_o common_a law_n the_o point_n of_o this_o case_n be_v three_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o five_o by_o this_o statute_n first_o whether_o livery_n of_o land_n may_v be_v make_v within_o the_o view_n in_o another_o county_n or_o not_o second_o whether_o livery_n by_o the_o view_n may_v be_v give_v or_o take_v by_o attorney_n or_o not_o three_o whether_o in_o this_o case_n livery_n and_o seisin_n may_v be_v make_v by_o attorney_n or_o that_o of_o necessity_n it_o must_v be_v make_v to_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n and_o who_o must_v join_v in_o make_v of_o the_o letter_n of_o attorney_n to_o take_v the_o livery_n all_o which_o point_n i_o must_v maintain_v affirmative_o else_o c._n the_o subject_n can_v have_v any_o land_n at_o all_o point_n on_o this_o statute_n first_o whether_o the_o english_a sea_n be_v within_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o what_o interest_n the_o king_n have_v there_o and_o what_o interest_n a_o subject_a may_v have_v therein_o by_o custom_n and_o prescription_n and_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o say_a word_n incrementum_fw-la &_o decrementum_fw-la maris_fw-la second_o who_o these_o new_a island_n be_v which_o arise_v there_o and_o wherhe_a they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o what_o law_n govern_v the_o same_o for_o that_o it_o appear_v in_o my_o case_n that_o the_o ground_n leave_v between_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o haven_n be_v a_o island_n three_o whether_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v all_o the_o ground_n by_o his_o prerogative_n or_o the_o subject_a by_o the_o say_a prescription_n or_o the_o prince_n as_o participate_v of_o both_o or_o whether_o every_o one_o shall_v have_v a_o part_n thereof_o according_a to_o my_o conclusion_n four_o whether_o the_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n be_v within_o this_o statute_n and_o commission_n both_o or_o either_o of_o they_o or_o neither_o of_o they_o five_o what_o a_o haven_n a_o shore_n and_o the_o coast_n be_v in_o definition_n and_o the_o several_a property_n thereof_o the_o reader_n argument_n and_o as_o it_o come_v to_o my_o turn_n i_o intend_v to_o maintain_v the_o conclusion_n of_o my_o case_n and_o first_o of_o the_o first_o point_n livery_n and_o seisin_n be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o ancient_a approve_a ceremony_n of_o the_o law_n which_o have_v be_v use_v for_o convey_v of_o land_n and_o the_o law_n have_v a_o more_o respect_n thereto_o then_o to_o any_o other_o and_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o it_o be_v the_o most_o perfect_a form_n of_o any_o by_o the_o which_o the_o freehold_a and_o inheritance_n of_o land_n be_v transfer_v from_o one_o to_o another_o and_o all_o subject_n may_v give_v and_o take_v land_n by_o this_o ceremony_n but_o the_o king_n only_o be_v except_v who_o prerogative_n be_v such_o that_o as_o land_n can_v be_v take_v from_o he_o as_o king_n but_o by_o record_n so_o land_n can_v be_v give_v
the_o sea_n he_o grant_v to_o he_o bona_fw-la in_o mare_fw-la deperdita_fw-la super_fw-la mare_fw-la emergentia_fw-la &_o extra_fw-la mare_fw-la projecta_fw-la which_o be_v profit_n arise_v on_o the_o sea_n and_o all_o these_o be_v say_v to_o be_v per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la ergo_fw-la the_o sea_n be_v infra_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o the_o eleven_o chapt._n de_fw-la prerogativa_fw-la regis_fw-la it_o be_v declare_v quod_fw-la rex_fw-la habebit_fw-la wreccum_fw-la maris_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la &_o 11._o prerogativa_fw-la regis_fw-la cap._n 11._o balenas_n &_o sturgiones_n captos_fw-la in_o mari_n vel_fw-la alibi_fw-la infra_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o this_o be_v by_o the_o common_a law_n before_o ever_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v for_o as_o the_o king_n be_v and_o be_v rhe_n most_o excellent_a creature_n within_o his_o realm_n so_o the_o most_o excellent_a thing_n which_o land_n and_o sea_n afford_v be_v appropriate_a unto_o he_o and_o this_o statute_n also_o prove_v the_o sea_n to_o be_v infra_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o that_o the_o profit_n therein_o and_o thereon_o arise_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o temporal_a law_n of_o england_n in_o the_o case_n of_o sir_n henry_n constable_n in_o the_o five_o report_n of_o sir_n e._n cook_n it_o be_v say_v that_o flotsan_n jetsan_n and_o lagan_n be_v good_n case_n sir_n henry_n constables_z case_n on_o or_o in_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o they_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o king_n by_o his_o charter_n grant_v they_o to_o the_o admiral_n the_o statute_n of_o the_o 18._o edward_n 3_o let_v the_o sea_n be_v open_a to_o all_o 8._o stat_n 18._o e._n 3._o 28._o h._n 8._o stranger_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o 28._o h._n 8._o chapt._n 15._o if_o any_o treason_n murder_n or_o other_o felony_n be_v do_v on_o the_o sea_n coast_n the_o offender_n shall_v be_v try_v in_o such_o county_n as_o the_o king_n shall_v appoint_v by_o commission_n to_o be_v direct_v to_o the_o admiral_n and_o other_o to_o try_v the_o same_o per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la duodecem_fw-la which_o be_v by_o jury_n and_o the_o statute_n 31._o h._n 6._o chapt._n 4._o there_o be_v a_o restraint_n 6._o 31._o h._n 6._o that_o no_o subject_n do_v attach_v any_o stranger_n in_o amity_n within_o this_o realm_n on_o the_o sea_n here_o the_o statute_n law_n be_v in_o force_n on_o the_o sea_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o example_n but_o these_o seem_v to_o tie_v the_o person_n only_o davies_n sir_n john_n davies_n and_o in_o the_o irish_a report_n of_o sir_n john_n davies_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o royal_a pischary_n of_o the_o banne_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v the_o king_n proper_a inheritance_n and_o mr._n bracton_n lib._n 2._o chap._n 12._o in_o his_o title_n de_fw-fr acquirendo_fw-la 12._o bracton_n l._n 2._o ch._n 12._o rexum_fw-la dominio_fw-la set_v forth_o a_o prescription_n in_o these_o word_n quod_fw-la i._n s._n &_o antecessores_fw-la svi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la quiet_n '_o de_fw-fr theolonio_n &_o aliis_fw-la consuetudinibus_fw-la dandis_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la quam_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la and_o many_o time_n in_o that_o chapter_n he_o reiterate_v the_o same_o word_n which_o be_v a_o strong_a proof_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v infra_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o that_o the_o king_n govern_v there_o by_o his_o common_a law_n of_o england_n for_o that_o prescription_n be_v a_o main_a and_o material_a point_n of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o the_o like_a be_v allege_v in_o sir_n henry_n constable_n case_n by_o way_n of_o custom_n in_o the_o citizen_n as_o of_o bristol_n to_o have_v flotsan_n on_o the_o sea_n between_o the_o high_a water_n and_o the_o low_a water_n mark_n so_o i_o take_v it_o i_o have_v prove_v the_o king_n full_a lord_n and_o owner_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o that_o i_o have_v also_o prove_v it_o by_o ancient_a book_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o law_n and_o by_o charter_n statute_n custom_n and_o prescription_n that_o the_o government_n therein_o be_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n one_o case_n and_o one_o statute_n seem_v to_o sway_v to_o the_o contrary_a case_n lacy_n case_n and_o that_o be_v lacy_n case_n where_o one_o be_v strike_v on_o the_o sea_n and_o die_v on_o the_o land_n that_o the_o common_a law_n can_v not_o try_v this_o murder_n it_o be_v true_a because_o that_o trial_n be_v to_o be_v by_o jury_n which_o must_v come_v out_o of_o a_o proper_a county_n which_o can_v not_o in_o this_o case_n because_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o within_o county_n ground_n and_o so_o no_o jury_n can_v be_v summon_v there_o and_o i_o acknowledge_v that_o the_o king_n rule_v on_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o law_n imperial_a as_o by_o the_o roll_n of_o oleron_n and_o other_o but_o that_o oleron_n le_fw-fr roll_n de_fw-fr oleron_n be_v only_o in_o the_o particular_a case_n of_o ship_n and_o for_o merchant_n and_o mariner_n but_o the_o king_n have_v neither_o the_o property_n of_o the_o sea_n nor_o the_o real_a and_o personal_a profit_n there_o arise_v but_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n and_o in_o proof_n thereof_o the_o book_n 15._o and_o 16._o eliz._n in_o dyer_n where_o the_o ground_n gain_v from_o the_o sea_n pertain_v to_o the_o queen_n which_o must_v dyer_n 15._o 16._o eliz._n dyer_n needs_o be_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n for_o no_o law_n give_v the_o king_n any_o soil_n but_o only_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n so_o this_o be_v sufficient_a proof_n for_o the_o real_a profit_n and_o for_o the_o personal_a profit_n the_o charter_n of_o the_o admiralty_n and_o other_o case_n aforesaid_a make_v it_o manifest_a and_o there_o be_v a_o statute_n make_v in_o 1._o r._n 2._o chapt._n which_o restrain_v admiralty_n 1_o r._n 2._o rast_n admiralty_n the_o admiral_n that_o he_o do_v not_o meddle_v with_o any_o thing_n do_v within_o the_o realm_n but_o on_o the_o sea_n by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v collect_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n but_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o intent_n of_o that_o statute_n do_v rather_o limit_v the_o admiral_n how_o far_o he_o shall_v extend_v his_o jurisdiction_n than_o any_o way_n to_o set_v forth_o the_o bound_n of_o this_o realm_n wherein_o my_o conclusion_n herein_o be_v that_o my_o statute_n have_v his_o extent_n within_o all_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o that_o english_a sea_n be_v within_o the_o realm_n be_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o my_o say_a statute_n of_o sewer_n and_o that_o statute_n law_n be_v in_o full_a power_n on_o the_o sea_n as_o by_o the_o case_n and_o statute_n mention_v former_o do_v appear_v of_o island_n because_o in_o my_o case_n in_o matter_n though_o not_o in_o express_a insulis_fw-la de_fw-fr insulis_fw-la word_n there_o be_v a_o island_n therefore_o it_o come_v now_o fit_o in_o turn_n to_o declare_v who_o the_o same_o be_v in_o ownership_n and_o what_o law_n the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o and_o first_o of_o the_o definition_n thereof_o justinian_n in_o suis_fw-la institutionibus_fw-la say_v that_o insule_n difinitio_fw-la insule_n insula_fw-la est_fw-la locus_fw-la undique_fw-la circumdatus_fw-la aquis_fw-la pag._n 153._o and_o with_o this_o agree_v britton_n in_o his_o title_n of_o purchase_n england_n of_o anglia_fw-it anglia_fw-it itself_o be_v not_o insula_n because_o it_o be_v not_o undique_fw-la circumdatus_fw-la aquis_fw-la but_o england_n and_o scotland_n be_v one_o entire_a island_n and_o the_o most_o scotia_n scotia_n famous_a in_o the_o whole_a world_n england_n take_v it_o per_fw-la se_fw-la est_fw-la peninsula_fw-la that_o be_v penè_fw-la insula_fw-la almost_o a_o island_n for_o on_o all_o part_n it_o peninsula_n peninsula_n join_v to_o the_o sea_n but_o towards_o some_o part_n of_o scotland_n gernsey_n and_o jernsey_n be_v island_n on_o the_o sea_n but_o it_o seem_v by_o the_o resolution_n in_o calvin_n case_n 7._o report_n that_o they_o be_v jernsey_n gernsey_n jernsey_n not_o within_o the_o realm_n nor_o govern_v by_o these_o law_n because_o the_o king_n have_v they_o by_o his_o title_n of_o france_n the_o isle_n of_o man_n be_v in_o time_n past_o a_o petty_a kingdom_n and_o have_v a_o king_n but_o he_o be_v only_o as_o a_o viceroy_n and_o under_o the_o man._n man._n king_n of_o england_n as_o by_o a_o record_n where_o artold_v king_n of_o man_n make_v suit_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o come_v into_o england_n but_o whether_o man_n be_v within_o the_o realm_n or_o not_o seem_v to_o be_v put_v without_o question_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n case_n of_o calvin_n and_o by_o kelwayes_o report_v 11._o h._n 8._o that_o it_o be_v not_o for_o there_o a_o office_n find_v after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o derby_n by_o a_o writ_n out_o of_o the_o
not_o parcel_n wales_n wales_n thereof_o till_o the_o statute_n of_o 12._o e._n 1._o so_o make_v it_o and_o although_o that_o statute_n so_o annex_v wales_n to_o england_n yet_o be_v but_o by_o the_o word_n or_o figure_n adjuncta_fw-la the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v not_o total_o in_o force_n there_o till_o the_o statute_n 27._o h._n 8._o so_o declare_v they_o as_o be_v hold_v in_o rice_n thomas_n case_n in_o plo._n com._n but_o notwithstanding_o whether_o wales_n be_v within_o my_o statute_n or_o not_o be_v questionable_a for_o these_o reason_n follow_v first_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o a_o general_a law_n unstint_v and_o unbounded_a shall_v extend_v to_o wales_n as_o well_o as_o to_o england_n but_o our_o law_n grant_v commission_n within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o so_o precise_o prescribe_v it_o to_o bound_n and_o it_o may_v seem_v that_o the_o parliament_n take_v it_o so_o in_o 1._o mar._n cap._n 11._o where_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v authorize_v in_o the_o county_n of_o glamorgan_n which_o as_o may_v be_v object_v need_v not_o if_o wales_n have_v be_v former_o comprise_v and_o some_o new_a statute_n as_o that_o of_o alehouse_n in_o 1._o ja._n cap._n 9_o and_o that_o of_o rogue_n 1._o ja._n cap._n 7._o extend_v the_o same_o to_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o dominion_n of_o wales_n as_o if_o wales_n shall_v not_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o word_n the_o realm_n of_o england_n yet_o notwithstanding_o in_o my_o opinion_n this_o statute_n of_o 23._o h._n 8._o extend_v to_o wales_n for_o although_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 1._o mar._n give_v power_n to_o commissioner_n in_o glamorganshire_n that_o be_v for_o a_o special_a purpose_n which_o as_o be_v conceive_v the_o statute_n of_o 23._o h._n 8._o do_v not_o in_o england_n extend_v thereunto_o that_o as_o for_o the_o carry_v away_o of_o the_o sand_n which_o be_v throw_v upon_o their_o ground_n but_o in_o that_o statute_n it_o may_v well_o be_v perceive_v that_o the_o statute_n of_o 23._o h._n 8._o be_v of_o force_n there_o and_o insert_v the_o word_n dominion_n of_o wales_n in_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o poor_a and_o rogue_n be_v rather_o of_o superabundance_n to_o satisfy_v some_o which_o may_v nodum_fw-la in_o scirpo_fw-la querere_fw-la make_v a_o doubt_n where_o none_o be_v then_o that_o they_o be_v there_o put_v for_o any_o necessity_n require_v the_o same_o but_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o in_o this_o new_a spring_v up_o island_n the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v there_o in_o force_n because_o when_o it_o be_v sea_n the_o same_o be_v under_o the_o government_n of_o these_o law_n and_o although_o the_o nature_n and_o quality_n thereof_o be_v change_v viz._n dry_v land_n for_o full_a sea_n yet_o the_o same_o law_n and_o government_n remain_v in_o force_n so_o that_o i_o hold_v this_o new_a island_n within_o the_o statute_n and_o that_o the_o property_n thereof_o be_v the_o king_n now_o occasion_n and_o time_n give_v i_o fit_a opportunity_n to_o treat_v of_o ground_n which_o be_v new_o gain_v from_o the_o sea_n if_o as_o i_o have_v former_o declare_v the_o ground_n be_v the_o king_n when_o they_o be_v cover_v with_o water_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v hold_v a_o infallible_a ground_n that_o they_o be_v also_o the_o king_n when_o the_o water_n have_v leave_v they_o dry_a and_o when_o the_o water_n have_v their_o be_v on_o the_o same_o the_o whole_a profit_n there_o arise_v do_v appertain_v to_o the_o king_n yet_o i_o have_v know_v in_o some_o country_n where_o the_o frontager_n have_v claim_v those_o ground_n so_o leave_v by_o a_o pretend_a custom_n of_o frontager_n and_o some_o probable_a reason_n may_v be_v show_v wherefore_o they_o shall_v have_v the_o same_o for_o as_o their_o ground_n be_v near_a the_o sea_n and_o so_o next_o to_o the_o charge_n to_o repair_v the_o defence_n and_o next_o to_o the_o loss_n where_o any_o overflow_v happen_v it_o may_v therefore_o seem_v reasonable_a that_o as_o they_o be_v put_v to_o the_o great_a charge_n and_o in_o peril_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o land_n that_o so_o if_o land_n be_v leave_v by_o the_o sea_n affront_v they_o that_o these_o land_n may_v accrue_v unto_o they_o as_o a_o reciprocal_a consideration_n for_o their_o charge_n and_o loss_n but_o i_o take_v it_o that_o of_o late_a the_o law_n have_v in_o these_o case_n be_v oftentime_o rule_v for_o the_o king_n against_o the_o subject_a for_o at_o cross_v in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n 1600._o acre_n be_v gain_v from_o the_o sea_n affront_v the_o manor_n of_o sir_n valentine_n brown_n there_o yet_o he_o be_v put_v to_o obtain_v a_o grant_n from_o the_o king_n thereof_o and_o one_o bushey_n of_o st._n kegneys_n claim_v ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o say_v pretend_a custom_n of_o frontage_n but_o they_o be_v decree_v against_o he_o in_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n in_o 12._o jac._n r._n in_o which_o case_n i_o be_v of_o counsel_n for_o it_o be_v inconvenient_a that_o the_o subject_n shall_v have_v frontage_n and_o yet_o no_o bound_n prescribe_v thereto_o so_o that_o ten_o thousand_o acre_n may_v be_v leave_v affront_n a_o man_n manor_n which_o be_v not_o fit_v a_o subject_n shall_v have_v this_o large_a inheritance_n by_o pretence_n of_o such_o allow_a custom_n and_o i_o suppose_v i_o may_v herein_o say_v in_o this_o case_n as_o mr._n plowden_n do_v of_o his_o silver_n mine_n that_o it_o be_v inconvenient_a a_o subject_n shall_v have_v the_o silver_n mine_n in_o his_o ground_n for_o so_o may_v he_o become_v rich_a than_o the_o king_n so_o it_o be_v not_o fit_v that_o a_o subject_n shall_v have_v the_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n when_o so_o much_o may_v happen_v to_o be_v leave_v as_o the_o king_n own_o land_n in_o the_o realm_n come_v to_o and_o so_o because_o nimium_fw-la se_fw-la exaltat_fw-la in_o prerogativam_fw-la regis_fw-la i_o be_o of_o opinion_n the_o new_a gain_v ground_n from_o the_o sea_n appertain_v to_o the_o king_n as_o a_o royal_a escheat_n and_o not_o to_o the_o subject_n but_o in_o my_o case_n here_o be_v a_o prescription_n where_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o manor_n have_v incrementum_fw-la &_o decrementum_fw-la maris_fw-la of_o what_o force_n this_o be_v of_o be_v now_o to_o be_v argue_v therefore_o i_o will_v now_o declare_v what_o interest_n a_o subject_n can_v or_o may_v challenge_v in_o the_o sea_n in_o ground_n gain_v therefrom_o personal_n profit_v arise_v on_o the_o sea_n subject_n may_v have_v and_o challenge_v by_o custom_n and_o prescription_n as_o to_o have_v free_a pischary_n on_o the_o sea_n and_o a_o parson_n have_v tithe_n of_o fish_n get_v in_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o his_o parish_n &_o yet_o the_o sea_n nor_o any_o part_n thereof_o be_v not_o in_o any_o parish_n but_o it_o follow_v the_o person_n in_o sir_n henry_n constable_n case_n the_o citizen_n of_o bristol_n case_n sir_n henry_n constables_z case_n claim_v flotsan_n which_o be_v good_n float_v in_o the_o sea_n by_o custom_n in_o bracton_n chap._n 12._o one_o allege_v to_o be_v discharge_v bracton_n bracton_n of_o toll_n or_o custom_n on_o the_o sea_n by_o prescription_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o swan_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n 7._o report_n one_o prescribe_v to_o have_v a_o game_n of_o wild_a swan_n at_o abbotberry_n in_o a_o creek_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v a_o member_n or_o arm_n of_o swan_n case_n of_o swan_n the_o sea_n and_o in_o sir_n henry_n constable_n aforesaid_a it_o be_v take_v and_o receive_v for_o law_n that_o a_o subject_n manor_n may_v extend_v to_o the_o low_a water-mark_a by_o prescription_n and_o see_v all_o these_o a_o subject_n may_v have_v in_o and_o on_o the_o sea_n wherefore_o then_o shall_v he_o not_o have_v all_o the_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n by_o prescription_n to_o that_o i_o answer_v that_o he_o can_v have_v claim_n in_o any_o thing_n by_o prescription_n and_o custom_n but_o that_o which_o lie_v in_o use_n which_o be_v the_o life_n of_o they_o both_o but_o land_n and_o ground_n which_o have_v always_o be_v sea_n can_v not_o be_v nor_o lie_v in_o use_n and_o therefore_o they_o can_v be_v claim_v nor_o the_o same_o can_v be_v bound_v out_o by_o prescription_n or_o custom_n yet_o land_n between_o the_o high-water_n mark_v and_o low-water_n mark_v the_o bound_n thereof_o may_v be_v prescribe_v to_o belong_v to_o or_o to_o be_v parcel_n of_o the_o manor_n because_o in_o every_o twelve_o hour_n or_o in_o every_o day_n they_o lie_v dry_a and_o so_o a_o subject_a all_o that_o time_n may_v have_v use_n of_o they_o and_o so_o of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o say_a thing_n but_o in_o that_o which_o never_o lie_v in_o use_n no_o custom_n or_o prescription_n can_v take_v hold_v on_o insomuch_o that_o in_o my_o opinion_n no_o prescription_n
matter_n do_v contain_v in_o it_o these_o word_n viz._n that_o if_o any_o person_n or_o person_n of_o what_o estate_n or_o degree_n soever_o he_o or_o they_o be_v of_o that_o from_o henceforth_o do_v take_v upon_o he_o or_o they_o to_o sit_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n not_o be_v first_o swear_v according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o oath_n express_v in_o the_o statute_n or_o if_o any_o person_n so_o name_v and_o swear_v do_v sit_v not_o have_v land_n tenement_n or_o other_o hereditament_n in_o fee-simple_n fee_n tail_n or_o for_o term_n of_o life_n to_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o mark_n above_o all_o charge_n to_o his_o own_o use_n except_o he_o be_v resciant_fw-la and_o free_a of_o any_o city_n borough_n or_o town_n corporate_a have_v movable_a substance_n of_o the_o clear_a value_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n or_o else_o be_v learn_v in_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n in_o and_o concern_v the_o same_o that_o be_v to_o say_v admit_v in_o one_o of_o the_o principal_a inn_n of_o court_n for_o a_o utter_a barrister_n shall_v forfeit_v forty_o pound_n for_o every_o time_n that_o he_o shall_v attempt_v so_o to_o do_v the_o one_o moiety_n to_o the_o king_n the_o other_o moiety_n to_o the_o party_n that_o will_v sue_v therefore_o etc._n etc._n so_o that_o by_o this_o clause_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o every_o one_o that_o be_v not_o qualify_v in_o one_o of_o these_o degree_n be_v no_o competent_a commissioner_n within_o this_o statute_n first_o that_o he_o be_v a_o utter_a barrister_n in_o one_o of_o the_o four_o inn_n of_o court_n second_o or_o have_v land_n tenement_n or_o hereditament_n of_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o mark_n above_o all_o charge_n in_o fee_n simple_a fee_n tail_n or_o for_o life_n three_o or_o be_v free_a or_o resciant_fw-la in_o some_o city_n borough_n or_o town_n corporate_a and_o have_v movable_a substance_n of_o the_o clear_a value_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n and_o that_o person_n which_o be_v not_o within_o one_o of_o the_o say_v three_o part_n and_o yet_o do_v take_v upon_o he_o to_o sit_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o this_o commission_n incur_v two_o penalty_n the_o one_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o discretion_n for_o his_o presumption_n the_o other_o of_o forty_o pound_n for_o his_o contempt_n and_o therefore_o for_o the_o more_o clear_a examination_n of_o these_o thing_n i_o will_v observe_v that_o method_n in_o my_o argument_n which_o my_o case_n have_v former_o prescribe_v to_o i_o and_o first_o of_o all_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o personal_a ability_n and_o first_o of_o the_o son_n of_o the_o free_a citizen_n of_o lincoln_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o every_o commissioner_n of_o this_o kind_n must_v be_v endow_v with_o these_o three_o quality_n first_o he_o must_v be_v free_a of_o a_o city_n etc._n etc._n if_o he_o want_v any_o of_o these_o than_o he_o be_v out_o of_o this_o branch_n of_o this_o statute_n second_o he_o must_v be_v there_o resciant_fw-la and_o three_o he_o must_v have_v in_o clear_a movable_a substance_n one_o hundred_o pound_n and_o therefore_o what_o person_n be_v such_o a_o freeman_n be_v now_o to_o be_v handle_v i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o every_o subject_a bear_v within_o the_o king_n dominion_n be_v a_o freeman_n of_o this_o realm_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o grand_a charter_n cap._n 14._o yea_o though_o he_o be_v a_o bondslave_n to_o a_o subject_a but_o a_o stranger_n bear_v be_v no_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n till_o the_o king_n have_v make_v he_o denizen_n in_o who_o power_n alone_o without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o other_o one_o may_v be_v make_v free_a and_o to_o be_v a_o freeman_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o place_n of_o his_o birth_n be_v hold_v more_o material_a than_o the_o quality_n of_o his_o parent_n for_o if_o alien_n have_v a_o child_n in_o england_n it_o be_v free_a of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o hussey_n chief_a justice_n in_o 1_o r._n 3._o fol._n 4._o and_o in_o calvin_n case_n of_o the_o post_n nati_n it_o be_v hold_v for_o law_n that_o if_o ambassador_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v child_n bear_v in_o france_n or_o elsewhere_o where_o the_o father_n and_o mother_n be_v natural_a bear_v subject_n the_o child_n be_v free_a of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n but_o if_o either_o the_o father_n or_o the_o mother_n of_o such_o child_n be_v a_o alien_n then_o be_v not_o those_o child_n free_a one_o out_o of_o the_o king_n protection_n be_v as_o i_o take_v it_o for_o that_o time_n no_o freeman_n of_o the_o realm_n but_o in_o what_o case_n a_o man_n exile_v be_v in_o sort_v the_o near_a to_o our_o question_n exile_n be_v one_o of_o the_o eight_o punishment_n which_o the_o roman_a law_n do_v inflict_v upon_o stranger_n which_o be_v videlicet_fw-la 1._o damnum_fw-la 2._o imprisonamentum_fw-la 3._o plagae_fw-la 4._o compensatio_fw-la 5._o ignominia_fw-la 6._o exilium_fw-la 7._o servitudo_fw-la 8._o mors._n mr._n bracton_n do_v in_o this_o manner_n describe_v exile_n that_o be_v certi_fw-la loci_fw-la interdictio_fw-la and_o do_v distribute_v it_o into_o four_o head_n that_o be_v to_o say_v 1._o specialis_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la interdictio_fw-la talis_fw-la provinciae_fw-la civitatis_fw-la burgi_n aut_fw-la villae_fw-la 2._o generalie_n interdictio_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o aliquando_fw-la est_fw-la 3._o temporaria_fw-la pro_fw-la duobus_fw-la tribus_fw-la quatuor_fw-la aut_fw-la pluribus_fw-la annis_fw-la aut_fw-la etc._n etc._n 4._o perpetua_fw-la pro_fw-la termino_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la &_o exilium_fw-la est_fw-la aliquando_fw-la ex_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la principis_fw-la sicut_fw-la in_o exiliando_fw-la deuce_n hertferdiae_fw-la &_o norfolciae_fw-la per_fw-la regem_fw-la richardum_fw-la secundum_fw-la et_fw-la aliquando_fw-la per_fw-la judicium_fw-la terra_fw-la ut_fw-la sit_fw-la in_o casu_fw-la piers_n de_fw-fr gaveston_n &_o etiam_fw-la in_o casu_fw-la hugonis_fw-la de_fw-fr le_fw-fr spencer_n junioris_fw-la qui_fw-la ambo_fw-la fuorunt_fw-la exilit_fw-la '_o per_fw-la judicium_fw-la in_o parliamento_fw-la abjuration_n also_o be_v a_o legal_a exile_n by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o common_a law_n as_o also_o by_o the_o statute_n law_n and_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o second_o cap._n 35._o he_o which_o ravish_v a_o ward_n and_o can_v render_v the_o ward_n unmarried_a or_o the_o value_n of_o his_o marriage_n must_v abjure_v the_o realm_n and_o this_o be_v a_o general_a abjuration_n and_o by_o a_o statute_n make_v in_o 31_o ed._n 1._o 1._o 31_o ed._n 1._o butcher_n be_v to_o be_v abjure_v the_o town_n if_o they_o offend_v the_o four_o time_n in_o sell_v measled_a flesh_n and_o this_o be_v a_o special_a abjuration_n but_o i_o must_v put_v this_o case_n to_o a_o further_a question_n which_o be_v what_o a_o man_n exile_v do_v forfeit_n thereby_o and_o in_o my_o opinion_n he_o forfeit_v these_o thing_n follow_v first_o he_o lose_v thereby_o the_o freedom_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o nation_n out_o of_o which_o he_o be_v exile_v second_o he_o forfeit_v his_o freedom_n in_o the_o borough_n or_o city_n where_o he_o be_v free_a for_o he_o which_o forfeit_v the_o freedom_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n by_o consequence_n forfeit_v his_o freedom_n in_o every_o part_n thereof_o three_o he_o be_v of_o as_o little_a esteem_n in_o our_o law_n as_o if_o he_o be_v dead_a for_o his_o heir_n may_v enter_v and_o so_o may_v his_o wife_n enter_v into_o she_o own_o land_n and_o may_v sue_v a_o action_n as_o a_o woman_n sole_a by_o 31_o ed._n 1._o &_o 1_o h._n 4._o 1._o 31_o ed._n 1._o 1_o h._n 4._o 1._o and_o fourthly_a in_o my_o opinion_n he_o shall_v forfeit_v those_o land_n to_o the_o king_n which_o he_o shall_v purchase_v in_o the_o realm_n during_o his_o banishment_n que_v vide_fw-la 15_o ed._n 3._o fitz._n petition_v '_o plac_n 2._o but_o there_o in_o that_o case_n hugh_n spencer_n be_v banish_v by_o a_o judgement_n in_o parliament_n which_o give_v a_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o land_n howsoever_o i_o take_v he_o as_o strong_o bar_v from_o purchase_v in_o the_o realm_n during_o his_o banishment_n as_o a_o alien_n be_v for_o fit_a alienigina_fw-la by_o his_o banishment_n and_o he_o be_v in_o a_o worse_a case_n than_o a_o alien_n because_o he_o take_v with_o he_o indignatio_fw-la principis_fw-la but_o a_o banish_a man_n forfeit_v neither_o title_n of_o honour_n as_o knighthood_n which_o be_v de_fw-fr jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la nor_o the_o land_n he_o have_v before_o he_o be_v exile_v unless_o by_o special_a judgement_n give_v in_o a_o legal_a course_n they_o be_v so_o decree_v then_o our_o case_n go_v further_a that_o e._n be_v not_o exile_v himself_o but_o d._n his_o father_n be_v exile_v who_o heir_n e._n be_v now_o whether_o by_o the_o exilement_n of_o the_o father_n the_o liberty_n and_o freedom_n which_o e._n might_n claim_v in_o the_o city_n of_o lincoln_n by_o be_v the_o son_n and_o heir_n
chancery_n r._n 11._o h._n 8._o kelwayes_o r._n of_o england_n be_v avoid_v because_o as_o the_o say_a book_n do_v affirm_v man_n be_v not_o within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n but_o under_o the_o favour_n of_o these_o book_n that_o be_v no_o necessary_a cause_n to_o avoid_v that_o office_n for_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o say_a office_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o derby_n be_v void_a quia_fw-la in_o man_n breve_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la non_fw-la currebat_fw-la and_o so_o in_o the_o county_n of_o palatine_a of_o chester_n breve_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la non_fw-la currit_fw-la 161._o tamen_fw-la committatus_fw-la cestriae_fw-la est_fw-la infra_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la mr._n cambden_n in_o his_o history_n de_fw-fr insulis_fw-la be_v cambden_n cambden_n of_o opinion_n that_o man_n be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o therein_o he_o have_v these_o word_n that_o man_n be_v a_o island_n situate_a in_o the_o midway_n between_o england_n and_o ireland_n sed_fw-la de_fw-la qua_fw-la utrique_fw-la terrarum_fw-la applicari_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la debuerat_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquis_fw-la non_fw-la ambigebatur_fw-la demum_fw-la in_o hunc_fw-la modum_fw-la lie_fw-la ista_fw-la quievit_fw-la quoniam_fw-la advectos_fw-la perculi_fw-la causa_fw-la venemoso_n haec_fw-la terra_fw-la vermis_n admisit_fw-la ergo_fw-la eam_fw-la britannis_fw-la applicandum_fw-la censura_fw-la communis_fw-la dictavit_fw-la by_o which_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n be_v within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n or_o at_o the_o least_o a_o member_n thereof_o but_o i_o do_v take_v the_o isle_n of_o wight_n original_o to_o be_v parcel_n of_o england_n and_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o county_n of_o hampshire_n and_o be_v wight_n wight_n as_o it_o be_v divorce_v from_o the_o continent_n as_o be_v cecily_n from_o italy_n the_o one_o as_o poet_n feign_v be_v part_v from_o the_o continent_n or_o main_a land_n by_o a_o earthquake_n the_o other_o as_o be_v imagine_v by_o the_o rage_n and_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n insula_fw-la vectis_fw-la inquit_fw-la cambdenus_n in_fw-la suis_fw-la insultis_fw-la britannicis_n fol._n 707._o est_fw-la pars_fw-la commitatus_fw-la 707._o cambden_n 707._o hamtoniae_fw-la &_o à _fw-la continente_fw-la britanniae_fw-la avulsa_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la cohaesisse_fw-la uvidebatur_fw-la for_o many_o do_v imagine_v that_o it_o be_v tear_v from_o the_o main_a land_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o water_n as_o of_o late_a year_n parcel_n of_o the_o spurnhead_n in_o yorkshire_n which_o before_o do_v adhere_v to_o the_o continent_n be_v tear_v therefrom_o by_o the_o sea_n and_o be_v now_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o island_n yet_o the_o same_o be_v within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o remain_v parcel_n of_o yorkshire_n and_o the_o like_a be_v say_v of_o the_o island_n call_v silly_a situate_a many_o other_o ancient_a island_n there_o be_v which_o be_v in_o the_o english_a sea_n be_v parcel_n of_o this_o realm_n 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ownership_n and_o property_n the_o say_v new_a island_n be_v the_o king_n but_o yet_o i_o be_o likewise_o of_o opinion_n that_o a_o new_a island_n rise_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n although_o it_o be_v within_o the_o realm_n yet_o it_o be_v neither_o within_o county_n parish_n nor_o town_n of_o this_o realm_n till_o the_o king_n by_o his_o edict_n or_o proclamation_n have_v so_o declare_v it_o there_o may_v be_v island_n also_o within_o the_o land_n compass_v about_o with_o fresh_a river_n as_o the_o isle_n of_o axholm_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n and_o sheppey_n in_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n and_z divers_z other_o but_o mr._n bracton_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr acquirende_n rerum_fw-la 2._o bracton_n libre_fw-la 1._o cap._n 2._o dominio_fw-la do_v very_o well_o deliver_v the_o law_n concern_v his_o new_a island_n which_o arise_v in_o great_a river_n his_o word_n be_v these_o habet_fw-la etiam_fw-la locum_fw-la eadem_fw-la species_n accessionis_fw-la insula_fw-la nata_fw-la in_o flumine_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la quidem_fw-la medeam_fw-la partem_fw-la teneat_fw-la communis_fw-la est_fw-la eorum_fw-la qui_fw-la pro_fw-la indiviso_fw-la ab_fw-la utraque_fw-la parte_fw-la fluminis_fw-la prope_fw-la ripam_fw-la praedia_fw-la possident_fw-la pro_fw-la modo_fw-la latitudinis_fw-la cujuscunque_fw-la fundi_fw-la que_fw-la latitudo_fw-la prope_fw-la ripam_fw-la sit_fw-la que_fw-la si_fw-la alteri_fw-la parti_fw-la proximior_fw-la sit_fw-la eorum_fw-la est_fw-la tanta_fw-la qui_fw-la abea_fw-la parte_fw-la prope_fw-la ripam_fw-la praedia_fw-la possident_fw-la si_fw-la autem_fw-la insula_fw-la in_o mari_n nata_fw-la sit_fw-la quod_fw-la raro_fw-la accidit_fw-la occupantis_fw-la fit_n domini_fw-la regis_fw-la non_fw-la tamen_fw-la credas_fw-la proprium_fw-la alicujus_fw-la agrum_fw-la informam_fw-la insulae_fw-la redact_n insulam_fw-la esse_fw-la ut_fw-la ecce_fw-la flumen_fw-la dividatur_fw-la in_o superiori_fw-la parte_fw-la &_o circuit_n agrum_fw-la alicujus_fw-la &_o demum_fw-la infra_fw-la in_o quo_fw-la casu_fw-la ejus_fw-la erit_fw-la agre_z cujus_fw-la prius_fw-la fuerat_fw-la cavendum_fw-la quoque_fw-la erit_fw-la in_o metienda_fw-la vicinitate_fw-la insularum_fw-la quia_fw-la potest_fw-la quis_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la de_fw-la facili_fw-la decipi_fw-la ponatur_fw-la igitur_fw-la punctus_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o medio_fw-la inter_fw-la utrumque_fw-la agrum_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la hoc_fw-la si_fw-la insula_fw-la citra_fw-la punctum_fw-la sit_fw-la vel_fw-la huius_fw-la tant_fw-fr '_o vel_fw-la illius_fw-la tant_fw-fr '_o erit_fw-la si_fw-la autem_fw-la sit_fw-la &_o citra_fw-la punctum_fw-la &_o in_fw-la ipso_fw-la puncto_fw-la &_o ultra_fw-la tunc_fw-la proindiviso_fw-la communis_fw-la erit_fw-la ut_fw-la tantam_fw-la mihi_fw-la de_fw-la ipso_fw-la insula_fw-la cedat_fw-la qua_fw-la continentur_fw-la in_o medietate_fw-la puncti_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la agrum_fw-la meum_fw-la si_fw-mi autem_fw-la insula_fw-la rotunda_fw-la inveniatur_fw-la hoc_fw-la observetur_fw-la quod_fw-la omnè_fw-la quod_fw-la propinquiùs_fw-la est_fw-la mihi_fw-la cedat_fw-la &_o ita_fw-la vicino_fw-la cedat_fw-la quod_fw-la ei_fw-la vicinius_fw-la erit_fw-la but_o whether_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n be_v of_o force_n in_o the_o say_v new_o spring_v up_o sea_n island_n or_o not_o be_v a_o question_n it_o appear_v in_o calvin_n case_n and_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o tanistry_n in_o the_o irish_a report_n that_o if_o the_o king_n conquer_v a_o island_n or_o nation_n the_o same_o be_v no_o part_n of_o england_n nor_o the_o law_n of_o england_n there_o in_o force_n till_o the_o king_n shall_v so_o declare_v the_o same_o but_o the_o own_o proper_a law_n seem_v to_o be_v in_o force_n there_o but_o if_o the_o king_n conquer_v a_o nation_n from_o a_o infidel_n there_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o that_o nation_n upon_o the_o conquest_n be_v extinct_a but_o the_o law_n be_v not_o so_o of_o another_o christian_a region_n as_o calais_n 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the_o exposition_n be_v not_o to_o be_v tie_v hereto_o so_o notwithstanding_o this_o exception_n these_o ground_n though_o gain_v since_o the_o statute_n be_v within_o the_o relief_n thereof_o the_o second_o cause_n wherefore_o these_o new_a ground_n shall_v not_o be_v within_o this_o law_n be_v because_o these_o land_n be_v increase_v beyond_o the_o bound_n since_o the_o make_n of_o these_o law_n and_o so_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o they_o can_v extend_v to_o the_o new_a enlargement_n for_o mr._n blow_n in_o his_o com._n fol._n 129._o say_v that_o law_n com._n blow_n com._n and_o privilege_n tie_v to_o a_o certain_a place_n or_o precinct_n can_v be_v 129._o fol._n 129._o extend_v or_o enlarge_v beyond_o the_o ancient_a bound_n although_o the_o predinct_n be_v enlarge_v as_o the_o case_n in_o 7_o h._n 6._o fol._n 32._o 32._o 7_o h_n 6._o fol._n 32._o where_n in_o a_o nativo_fw-la habendo_fw-la a_o villain_n have_v remain_v a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n in_o london_n which_o be_v ancient_a demesn_a and_o there_o be_v a_o privilege_n that_o every_o villain_n and_o bondslave_n which_o have_v remain_v a_o day_n and_o a_o year_n in_o london_n the_o lord_n may_v not_o seize_v he_o and_o the_o villain_n plead_v that_o he_o have_v remain_v a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n there_o and_o so_o take_v himself_o to_o be_v within_o that_o privilege_n but_o because_o since_o the_o say_a liberty_n grant_v the_o bound_n of_o london_n be_v much_o increase_v therefore_o it_o be_v there_o hold_v that_o the_o say_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n do_v not_o extend_v to_o the_o new_a enlargement_n and_o the_o case_n be_v also_o put_v in_o the_o say_a comment_n that_o the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n have_v divers_a liberty_n in_o his_o land_n lie_v between_o the_o two_o river_n of_o tyne_n and_o tese_n and_o after_o he_o purchase_v other_o land_n there_o the_o say_a liberty_n do_v not_o extend_v to_o the_o say_v new_o purchase_v land_n and_o the_o like_a law_n be_v if_o one_o have_v a_o warren_n in_o his_o manor_n and_o land_n in_o dale_n after_o he_o purchase_v more_o ground_n there_o his_o warren_n do_v not_o extend_v unto_o they_o and_o so_o where_o one_o have_v by_o charter_n the_o land_n of_o person_n forfeit_v for_o treason_n he_o can_v not_o have_v by_o the_o say_v ancient_a charter_n land_n forfeit_v for_o treason_n by_o tenant_n in_o tail_n because_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o they_o be_v give_v by_o a_o late_a statute_n since_o the_o charter_n but_o his_o non_fw-la obstantibus_fw-la i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o this_o statute_n i_o now_o treat_v on_o extend_v to_o these_o new_a gain_v ground_n and_o i_o take_v a_o difference_n between_o a_o special_a law_n of_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n which_o be_v stint_v or_o bound_v either_o by_o statute_n charter_n or_o custom_n the_o same_o can_v by_o no_o construction_n be_v make_v to_o exceed_v the_o bound_n but_o the_o general_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n as_o this_o law_n of_o we_o be_v the_o extent_n thereof_o be_v as_o large_a as_o the_o whole_a realm_n be_v and_o they_o be_v not_o tie_v to_o stint_a limit_n as_o particular_a private_a charter_n and_o custom_n be_v and_o so_o i_o conclude_v that_o in_o point_n of_o extent_n this_o statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o be_v tie_v to_o no_o other_o bound_n then_o to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n diversity_n between_o ground_n gain_v and_o ground_n leave_v the_o three_o matter_n be_v that_o which_o i_o have_v ground_v the_o conclusion_n of_o my_o case_n upon_o and_o that_o be_v whether_o the_o ground_n in_o my_o case_n new_o leave_v by_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o shore_n and_o the_o shore_n be_v such_o ground_n as_o be_v within_o this_o commission_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n they_o be_v not_o and_o therefore_o to_o maintain_v my_o opinion_n herein_o i_o take_v a_o difference_n between_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n and_o ground_n gain_v from_o the_o sea_n for_o ground_n leave_v be_v of_o no_o value_n and_o bring_v forth_o no_o fruit_n or_o increase_v at_o all_o but_o the_o uppermost_a part_n thereof_o be_v sand_n which_o these_o law_n take_v no_o hold_n of_o for_o the_o commission_n extend_v only_o to_o ground_n win_v and_o make_v profitable_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o this_o realm_n which_o terra_n relicta_fw-la yield_v not_o for_o no_o profit_n at_o all_o thereof_o arise_v till_o the_o sand_n be_v in_v and_o gain_v and_o these_o law_n make_v the_o commissioner_n saviour_n and_o not_o gainer_n and_o therefore_o do_v extend_v the_o commission_n but_o to_o the_o utttermost_a bank_n and_o wall_n and_o leave_v the_o shore_n as_o ground_n possess_v by_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o be_v put_v pro_fw-la in_o defenso_fw-la by_o this_o law_n and_o therefore_o i_o do_v make_v my_o conclusion_n as_o follow_v first_o that_o the_o sea_n creek_n and_o bay_n be_v all_o within_o this_o statute_n in_o point_n of_o extent_n but_o that_o they_o and_o the_o shore_n and_o the_o relinquish_v ground_n be_v all_o of_o they_o out_o of_o this_o commission_n of_o sewer_n to_o be_v deal_v withal_o thereby_o second_o that_o port_n and_o havens_n be_v total_o the_o water_n as_o well_o as_o the_o wall_n and_o bank_n thereof_o within_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n three_o the_o shore_n and_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n when_o they_o be_v put_v as_o in_o gainage_n be_v then_o and_o not_o before_o within_o the_o power_n of_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n four_o although_o the_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o in_o point_n of_o defence_n within_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n yet_o a_o wall_n or_o bank_n may_v be_v thereon_o raise_v for_o the_o aid_n and_o succour_v of_o the_o country_n but_o not_o for_o any_o cause_n where_o the_o defence_n extend_v but_o to_o themselves_o and_o although_o the_o ground_n that_o have_v be_v gain_v from_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n and_o elsewhere_o in_o this_o realm_n yet_o that_o be_v do_v at_o the_o labour_n of_o private_a man_n and_o not_o by_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n which_o aim_v at_o the_o general_a good_a and_o not_o at_o private_a commodity_n so_o that_o super_fw-la totam_fw-la materiam_fw-la i_o be_o of_o opinion_n with_o the_o conclusion_n of_o my_o case_n that_o be_v that_o the_o say_v new_a island_n be_v the_o king_n the_o ground_n leave_v to_o the_o shore_n pertain_v to_o c._n the_o subject_n and_o that_o because_o they_o be_v all_o of_o they_o within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n they_o be_v therefore_o within_o the_o extent_n of_o this_o statute_n but_o in_o regard_n they_o be_v ground_n leave_v only_o and_o not_o gain_v nor_o make_v profitable_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o this_o realm_n they_o be_v not_o therefore_o within_o this_o commission_n and_o so_o i_o conclude_v my_o argument_n as_o i_o do_v my_o case_n in_o which_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v neither_o injure_v the_o subject_a in_o his_o private_a inheritance_n nor_o wrong_a prerogative_n in_o any_o point_n finis_fw-la primae_fw-la lecturae_fw-la initium_fw-la secundae_fw-la lecturae_fw-la forasmuch_o as_o the_o first_o day_n i_o go_v perambulation_n about_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o all_o which_o belong_v to_o her_o empire_n and_o dominion_n wherein_o i_o do_v survey_v her_o bound_n her_o quality_n and_o her_o government_n now_o i_o do_v intend_v to_o go_v a_o progress_n through_o the_o land_n and_o to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o fair_a goodly_a river_n which_o make_v their_o voyage_n to_o the_o sea_n for_o these_o my_o statute_n have_v take_v into_o her_o protection_n and_o this_o second_o day_n i_o purpose_v to_o call_v a_o court_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n and_o i_o do_v intend_v with_o your_o gentle_a patience_n to_o examine_v all_o the_o particular_n there_o arise_v and_o because_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o must_v be_v my_o chief_a guide_n to_o direct_v my_o fair_a passage_n through_o these_o uncouth_a way_n i_o will_v pray_v aid_n thereon_o and_o i_o will_v now_o proceed_v to_o declare_v what_o business_n on_o land_n this_o law_n have_v undertake_v to_o defend_v and_o what_o offence_n it_o purpose_v to_o reform_v and_o according_o the_o say_a law_n do_v distribute_v itself_o into_o these_o particular_a branch_n i._o i._o first_o into_o matter_n of_o defence_n this_o statute_n maintain_v be_v these_o follow_v viz._n 1._o wall_n 2._o bank_n 3._o ditch_n 4._o gutter_n 5._o sewer_n 6._o goat_n 7._o calceys_n 8._o bridges_n second_o into_o matter_n of_o offence_n which_o this_o statute_n term_v let_v we_o impediment_n and_o annoyance_n which_o be_v to_o be_v put_v down_o or_o reform_v as_o cause_n shall_v require_v 1._o stream_n 2._o mill_n 3._o pond_n 4._o fishgarth_n 5._o mildam_n 6._o lock_n 7._o hebbingwer_n 8._o heck_n 9_o floodgate_n 10._o other_o like_a let_n and_o impediment_n and_o to_o the_o end_n i_o may_v full_o
by_o the_o tenure_n of_o his_o house_n or_o land_n bind_v to_o avoid_v the_o water_n there_o need_v no_o prescription_n to_o have_v be_v allege_v also_o in_o 5_o h._n 7._o fol._n 3._o there_o be_v a_o like_a presentment_n make_v 7._o 5_o h._n 7._o against_o a_o abbot_n quod_fw-la ipse_fw-la &_o predecessores_fw-la svi_fw-la aught_o to_o repair_v a_o gutter_n ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la terrar_fw-it '_o suar_fw-mi '_o but_o because_o in_o that_o case_n the_o presentment_n do_v not_o set_v forth_o where_o those_o land_n lay_v which_o be_v charge_v the_o presentment_n for_o that_o cause_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v void_a so_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o a_o tenure_n charge_n and_o a_o charge_n impose_v upon_o land_n by_o prescription_n for_o in_o the_o case_n where_o a_o tenant_n hold_v his_o land_n to_o repair_v a_o bridge_n wall_n or_o bank_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n the_o lord_n in_o this_o case_n may_v distrain_v the_o tenant_n of_o common_a right_n by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n but_o where_o one_o land_n be_v charge_v by_o prescription_n and_o custom_n there_o be_v no_o remedy_n to_o force_v and_o compel_v the_o tenant_n to_o do_v the_o repair_v but_o by_o presentment_n and_o upon_o a_o presentment_n process_n may_v be_v award_v against_o he_o to_o distrain_v he_o to_o make_v the_o repair_v and_o if_o upon_o a_o presentment_n make_v by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n i._n s._n be_v charge_v to_o repair_v a_o sewer_n and_o a_o distringas_fw-la ad_fw-la reparandum_fw-la be_v award_v against_o he_o the_o sheriff_n may_v distrain_v the_o party_n in_o any_o place_n within_o the_o power_n of_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n but_o this_o be_v a_o judicial_a distress_n which_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o roll_n the_o justice_n be_v tie_v to_o the_o limit_n and_o bound_n of_o the_o commission_n yet_o in_o 19_o h._n 6._o fol._n 7._o the_o 6._o 19_o h._n 6._o case_n be_v that_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n have_v jurisdiction_n in_o cause_n arise_v only_o on_o the_o sea_n and_o he_o have_v no_o jurisdiction_n or_o power_n to_o meddle_v with_o any_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o land_n yet_o upon_o a_o presentment_n make_v in_o the_o admiral_n court_v one_o be_v present_v and_o amerce_v and_o a_o distress_n for_o this_o amerciament_n be_v take_v on_o the_o land_n and_o exception_n be_v thereto_o take_v that_o the_o distress_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o that_o court_n but_o there_o newton_n chief_a justice_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o justice_n say_v that_o the_o power_n of_o the_o admiral_n to_o hold_v plea_n be_v restrain_v by_o statute_n to_o matter_n arise_v on_o the_o sea_n but_o execution_n be_v not_o so_o and_o i_o have_v further_o observe_v by_o the_o book_n of_o 8._o r._n 2._o fitzher_n 2._o 8._o r._n 2._o avoury_a 253._o that_o where_o no_o place_n be_v certain_o prescribe_v to_o distrain_v in_o that_o in_o such_o a_o case_n the_o distress_n may_v be_v take_v in_o any_o place_n within_o the_o power_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o court_n out_o of_o which_o the_o writ_n or_o warrant_n of_o distress_n do_v issue_n as_o if_o one_o be_v amerce_v in_o a_o court_n leet_n or_o in_o a_o court_n baron_fw-fr he_o may_v be_v distrain_v for_o these_o amerciament_n in_o any_o place_n within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o these_o court_n and_o for_o a_o amerciament_n set_v and_o impose_v in_o the_o sheriff_n turn_v a_o distress_n may_v be_v take_v for_o it_o in_o any_o place_n of_o the_o county_n for_o so_o far_o the_o power_n of_o that_o court_n do_v extend_v itself_o but_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o sess_v rate_n or_o tax_v impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n a_o distress_n for_o any_o of_o those_o may_v be_v take_v in_o any_o place_n within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n for_o in_o this_o case_n the_o distress_n be_v mere_o ground_v upon_o the_o statute_n and_o be_v bound_v by_o the_o same_o limit_n which_o be_v as_o large_a as_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o hereupon_o by_o this_o construction_n make_v in_o this_o legal_a manner_n all_o the_o word_n in_o the_o say_a clause_n of_o this_o statute_n have_v their_o full_a operation_n and_o although_o in_o rook_n case_n the_o distress_n be_v there_o take_v on_o the_o ground_n charge_v yet_o that_o do_v not_o prove_v but_o that_o a_o distress_n may_v have_v be_v take_v in_o any_o other_o place_n for_o i_o very_o take_v it_o that_o the_o place_n where_o the_o distress_n be_v take_v in_o that_o case_n be_v not_o intend_v any_o material_a point_n though_o in_o my_o succeed_a argument_n for_o another_o purpose_n i_o shall_v make_v it_o one_o so_o that_o my_o opinion_n touch_v distress_n to_o be_v take_v in_o case_n of_o sewer_n appear_v to_o stand_v upon_o these_o three_o distinction_n first_o that_o the_o lord_n of_o who_o the_o ground_n be_v hold_v to_o make_v the_o repair_v must_v distrain_v on_o the_o the_o ground_n so_o hold_v and_o not_o elsewhere_o second_o that_o upon_o a_o distringas_fw-la ad_fw-la reparandum_fw-la or_o amovendum_fw-la upon_o a_o presentment_n which_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o roll_n of_o that_o court_n and_o be_v a_o judicial_a process_n a_o distress_n must_v thereupon_o be_v take_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n exit_fw-la congruitate_fw-la three_o a_o distress_n for_o a_o rate_n or_o sesse_v or_o tax_v assess_v and_o impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v be_v take_v in_o any_o part_n or_o place_n within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n for_o this_o be_v a_o distress_n ground_v upon_o the_o statute_n and_o be_v as_o large_a as_o the_o extent_n thereof_o and_o so_o the_o difference_n appear_v where_o the_o distress_n be_v guide_v by_o the_o commission_n and_o where_o by_o the_o statute_n who_o good_n may_v be_v distrain_v it_o come_v now_o in_o turn_n to_o be_v handle_v who_o good_n may_v be_v distrain_v and_o take_v within_o these_o law_n for_o the_o word_n of_o distress_n be_v put_v so_o general_o in_o this_o statute_n that_o they_o must_v receive_v their_o exposition_n by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n in_o regard_n these_o law_n do_v give_v no_o special_a direction_n therein_o and_o therefore_o the_o distress_n mention_v in_o rook_n case_n may_v in_o this_o place_n be_v question_v for_o there_o carter_n be_v assess_v but_o the_o good_n of_o rook_n be_v distrain_v and_o take_v for_o the_o say_v assess_v and_o no_o challenge_n or_o exception_n be_v there_o make_v of_o it_o and_o no_o marvel_n for_o it_o be_v special_o find_v that_o the_o good_n be_v take_v and_o distrain_v on_o the_o ground_n charge_v for_o otherwise_o that_o distress_n have_v be_v tortuous_a wherein_o i_o take_v this_o diversity_n that_o where_o ground_n be_v chargeable_a to_o repair_v of_o defence_n and_o a_o sess_n be_v thereon_o impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n the_o good_n of_o a_o stranger_n may_v be_v take_v therefore_o on_o the_o ground_n sess_v and_o this_o be_v warrant_v by_o rook_n case_n but_o rook_n be_v a_o stranger_n his_o good_n can_v not_o in_o any_o sort_n have_v be_v take_v for_o the_o sess_n impose_v upon_o carter_n but_o on_o the_o ground_n charge_v and_o the_o like_a law_n for_o rent_n and_o service_n issue_v out_o of_o land_n the_o good_n of_o a_o stranger_n levant_n and_o couchant_a on_o the_o ground_n so_o hold_v may_v be_v distrain_v for_o rent_n and_o service_n by_o 7_o h._n 7._o 2._o and_o 11_o h._n 7._o 4._o 7._o 7_o h._n 7._o 11_o h._n 7._o but_o put_v the_o case_n a_o little_a further_o that_o in_o the_o session_n court_n of_o the_o sewer_n a._n b._n be_v amerce_v for_o nonpayment_n of_o his_o sesse_n towards_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o work_n of_o sewer_n and_o in_o this_o case_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o proper_a good_n of_o a._n b._n be_v to_o be_v distrain_v for_o this_o amerciament_n and_o not_o the_o good_n of_o a_o stranger_n go_v on_o his_o ground_n charge_v to_o the_o say_v assess_v because_o this_o amerciament_n be_v a_o collateral_a charge_n which_o fall_v on_o the_o person_n of_o the_o offendor_n who_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o assel_n and_o do_v not_o in_o any_o sort_n charge_v the_o ground_n and_o this_o opinion_n have_v warrant_n from_o the_o case_n in_o 41_o ed._n 3._o fol._n 26._o br._n leet_n 4._o for_o there_o a._n b._n be_v amerce_v in_o a_o 3._o 41_o ed._n 3._o court_n of_o leet_n for_o receive_v and_o keep_v one_o in_o his_o house_n which_o be_v not_o swear_v to_o the_o king_n in_o which_o case_n it_o be_v hold_v that_o no_o good_n can_v be_v distrain_v for_o this_o amerciament_n but_o only_o the_o proper_a good_n of_o the_o party_n amerce_v although_o the_o good_n of_o other_o be_v levant_n and_o couchant_a on_o his_o ground_n and_o