to_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n of_o england_n to_o the_o end_n that_o no_o man_n may_v question_v whether_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o his_o king_n by_o the_o right_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n or_o of_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n or_o of_o any_o other_o province_n in_o france_n another_o also_o who_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o say_v it_o have_v be_v receive_v by_o ancient_a custom_n that_o it_o be_v a_o duty_n lie_v upon_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o lord_z of_o the_o british_a sea_n to_o scour_v the_o sea_n of_o pirate_n and_o to_o render_v the_o use_n thereof_o as_o of_o a_o public_a road_n or_o thoroughfare_a who_o soil_n be_v within_o his_o patrimony_n safe_a for_o ship_n for_o he_o express_v himself_o in_o english_a thus_o 51._o the_o king_n of_o the_o old_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o narrow_a sea_n be_v bind_v as_o it_o be_v say_v to_o scour_v the_o sea_n of_o the_o pirate_n and_o petit_fw-la robber_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o much_o also_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v dominion_n be_v without_o controversy_n admit_v by_o our_o 260._o lawyer_n of_o late_a time_n and_o it_o appear_v by_o public_a record_n contain_v divers_a main_a point_n touch_v which_o the_o judge_n be_v to_o be_v consult_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o common-weal_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o that_o the_o king_n sea-dominion_n which_o they_o call_v the_o ancient_a superiority_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o matter_n out_o of_o question_n among_o our_o lawyer_n of_o that_o age._n but_o consultation_n be_v have_v for_o the_o more_o convenient_a guard_n of_o it_o for_o the_o whole_a bench_n of_o judge_n be_v advise_v with_o to_o the_o end_n so_o we_o read_v it_o in_o the_o condinensi_fw-la record_n and_o that_o be_v especial_o to_o be_v observe_v which_o we_o find_v here_o about_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o the_o naval_a law_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o oleron_n seat_v in_o the_o creek_n of_o aquitain_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n charente_n that_o the_o form_n of_o proceed_v heretofore_o ordain_v and_o begin_v by_o edward_n the_o first_o grandfather_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n at_o the_o prosecution_n of_o his_o subject_n may_v be_v resume_v and_o continue_v for_o the_o retain_v and_o conserve_n of_o the_o ancient_a superiority_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o office_n of_o admiralty_n in_o the_o same_o as_o to_o the_o correct_v expound_v declare_v and_o conserve_n the_o law_n and_o statute_n long_o since_o make_v by_o his_o predecessor_n king_n of_o england_n for_o the_o maintain_n of_o peace_n and_o justice_n among_o all_o people_n of_o what_o nation_n soëver_o pass_v through_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o to_o take_v cognisance_n of_o all_o attempt_n to_o the_o contrary_a in_o the_o same_o and_o to_o punish_v offender_n and_o award_n satisfaction_n to_o such_o as_o suffer_v wrong_a and_o damage_n which_o law_n and_o statute_n be_v by_o the_o lord_n richard_n heretofore_o king_n of_o england_n at_o his_o return_n from_o the_o holy_a land_n interpret_v declare_v and_o publish_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o oleron_n and_o name_v in_o french_a le_fw-fr ley_fw-fr olyroun_n here_o you_o have_v it_o declare_v as_o a_o thing_n most_o receive_v and_o certain_a that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v by_o ancient_a right_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o same_o name_n or_o that_o which_o flow'_v about_o it_o but_o that_o whereof_o the_o bench_n of_o judge_n be_v to_o consult_v be_v only_o about_o the_o orderly_a maintenance_n of_o this_o right_n nor_o be_v it_o true_o a_o small_a sign_n of_o this_o dominion_n that_o richard_n the_o first_o king_n of_o england_n be_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o oleron_n which_o he_o possess_v as_o seat_v in_o his_o own_o sea_n not_o so_o much_o for_o that_o he_o be_v duke_n of_o aquitain_n as_o king_n of_o england_n whereof_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v do_v as_o sole_a ruler_n and_o moderator_n of_o sea-affair_n first_o publish_v those_o naval_a or_o sea-law_n in_o that_o his_o island_n which_o hold_v in_o force_n to_o this_o day_n and_o from_o that_o time_n give_v they_o so_o large_a and_o perpetual_a a_o authority_n by_o that_o name_n that_o as_o the_o rhodian_a naval_a law_n as_o the_o case_n stand_v do_v prove_v that_o the_o rhodian_o in_o ancient_a time_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o grecian_a sea_n so_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n have_v 19_o obtain_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o authority_n by_o sea_n from_o their_o first_o institution_n must_v ever_o declare_v the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o the_o author_n to_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n round_o about_o but_o some_o print_a copy_n of_o these_o law_n make_v they_o about_o sixty_o year_n late_a than_o the_o reign_n of_o that_o richard_n by_o what_o authority_n i_o can_v tell_v for_o they_o relate_v they_o to_o have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o year_n mcclxvi_o which_o be_v the_o fifty_o year_n of_o our_o henry_n the_o three_o also_o in_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n it_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o privilege_n of_o such_o as_o be_v absent_a that_o they_o who_o shall_v be_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n at_o the_o levy_n of_o a_o fine_a of_o any_o land_n and_o make_v proclamation_n thereupon_o be_v not_o so_o bind_v either_o by_o a_o yearly_a prescription_n as_o heretofore_o or_o by_o a_o five_o year_n prescription_n as_o be_v usual_a of_o late_a time_n but_o that_o their_o right_a remain_n entire_a to_o they_o upon_o their_o return_n home_o if_o they_o make_v their_o claim_n within_o the_o like_a space_n of_o time_n but_o intra_fw-la regnum_fw-la within_o the_o kingdom_n be_v by_o the_o same_o law_n take_v and_o that_o in_o the_o usual_a phrase_n for_o that_o which_o be_v intra_fw-la or_o as_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v barbarous_o render_v infra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la maria_fw-la within_o the_o etc._n four_o sea_n to_o wit_n the_o southern_a western_a eastern_a and_o that_o northern_a sea_n which_o wash_v both_o the_o side_n of_o that_o neck_n of_o land_n whereby_o scotland_n be_v unite_v to_o england_n that_o be_v to_o say_v within_o the_o outmost_a bound_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n in_o those_o four_o sea_n or_o within_o the_o opposite_a shore_n of_o the_o eastern_a and_o southern_a sea_n or_o port_n belong_v to_o other_o prince_n and_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o northern_a and_o western_a sea_n which_o indeed_o be_v to_o be_v bound_v after_o another_o manner_n but_o yet_o to_o be_v bound_v that_o be_v accordirng_a to_o the_o extent_n of_o possession_n westward_o beyond_o the_o western_a shore_n of_o ireland_n and_o by_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o that_o sea_n which_o be_v of_o the_o scotish_n name_n and_o jurisdiction_n but_o that_o which_o be_v oppose_v to_o this_o particle_n intra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la maria_fw-la within_o the_o four_o sea_n be_v that_o lichford_n extra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la maria_fw-la without_o the_o four_o sea_n or_o to_o be_v in_o the_o part_n so_o beyond_o the_o sea_n that_o they_o be_v beyond_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n from_o whence_o we_o be_v to_o determine_v of_o the_o bound_n or_o exterior_a limit_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o although_o the_o land_n of_o england_n be_v sometime_o use_v for_o that_o which_o be_v the_o whole_a realm_n or_o english_a empire_n as_o signify_v the_o same_o a_o more_o ordinary_a and_o indeed_o more_o brief_a expression_n be_v apply_v as_o be_v usual_a in_o stead_n of_o a_o more_o large_a yet_o it_o certain_o appear_v that_o extra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la maria_fw-la without_o the_o four_o sea_n and_o extra_fw-la regnum_fw-la without_o the_o realm_n do_v in_o our_o law-book_n signify_v the_o very_a same_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o say_v so_o far_o as_o the_o extent_n and_o latitude_n of_o the_o whole_a english_a empire_n be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o name_n of_o realm_n not_o as_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n be_v now_o and_o then_o distinguish_v in_o 23._o our_o law_n from_o ireland_n which_o also_o be_v a_o distinct_a dominion_n of_o the_o same_o empire_n or_o from_o the_o other_o island_n which_o be_v reckon_v in_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o it_o be_v usual_a in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o law_n so_o to_o describe_v he_o who_o in_o that_o since_o shall_v be_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n and_o whereas_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o to_o a_o objection_n make_v against_o one_o that_o will_v avoid_v the_o yearly_a prescription_n as_o not_o bind_v by_o it_o for_o that_o he_o be_v not_o in_o england_n it_o be_v except_v that_o he_o be_v in_o scotland_n and_o so_o within_o the_o four_o sea_n it_o be_v thereupon_o 13._o answer_v and_o rule_v
the_o southern_a and_o eastern_a part_n of_o it_o as_o lord_n thereof_o together_o with_o the_o island_n before_o they_o be_v bring_v under_o the_o roman_a power_n p._n 188_o chap._n iii_o that_o the_o britain_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o northern_a sea_n before_o they_o be_v subdue_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o that_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o land_n make_v one_o entire_a body_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n pag._n 201_o chap._n iv_o that_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n follow_v the_o conquest_n of_o great_a britain_n itself_o under_o the_o emperor_n claudius_n and_o domitian_n pag._n 205_o chap._n v._o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o the_o british_a sea_n as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o island_n from_o the_o time_n of_o domitian_n to_o the_o emperor_n constantius_n chlorus_n or_o diocletian_a pag._n 211_o chap._n vi_o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o southern_a and_o eastern_a sea_n as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o british_a empire_n from_o the_o time_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a till_o the_o roman_n quit_v the_o island_n that_o it_o be_v all_o under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o count_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n throughout_o britain_n also_o concern_v the_o british_a navy_n under_o the_o roman_n pag._n 217_o chap._n vii_o a_o examination_n of_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o learned_a man_n who_o will_v have_v the_o saxon_a shore_n from_o whence_o that_o count_n or_o commander_n of_o the_o sea_n throughout_o britain_n have_v his_o title_n to_o be_v the_o british_a shore_n on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v plain_o prove_v to_o be_v false_o pag._n 231_o chap._n viii_o some_o evidence_n concern_v the_o sovereignty_n and_o inseparable_a dominion_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o britain_n and_o the_o sea_n belong_v thereto_o out_o of_o claudian_n and_o certain_a coin_n of_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n pius_n pag._n 242_o chap._n ix_o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n after_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v free_v themselves_o from_o the_o roman_a power_n pag._n 247_o chap._n x._o it_o be_v prove_v both_o from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o saxon_n reign_n as_o also_o from_o their_o force_n and_o victory_n by_o sea_n that_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o dane_n who_o rule_v the_o south_n part_n of_o britain_n have_v dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n pag._n 251_o chap._n xi_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o dane_n during_o their_o reign_n in_o britain_n observe_v in_o like_a manner_n from_o such_o tribute_n and_o duty_n of_o their_o fiduciarie_n client_n or_o vassal_n as_o concern_v the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n also_o concern_v the_o tribute_n or_o paiment_n call_v danegeld_v which_o be_v wont_v to_o beelevied_a for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n pag._n 259_o chap._n xii_o the_o testimony_n of_o edgar_n and_o canutus_n king_n of_o england_n with_o other_o express_o declare_v the_o dominion_n which_o they_o and_o their_o predecessor_n have_v over_o the_o sea_n together_o with_o a_o observation_n touch_v the_o nation_n which_o in_o that_o age_n be_v seat_v upon_o the_o opposite_a shore_n pag._n 273_o chap._n xiii_o several_a testimony_n concern_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o the_o norman_a conquest_n set_v forth_o in_o general_a head_n pag._n 284_o chap._n fourteen_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n have_v perpetual_o enjoy_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o they_o be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n prove_v from_o the_o guard_n or_o government_n thereof_o as_o of_o a_o province_n or_o territorie_n that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o the_o very_a law_n of_o the_o english_a admiralty_n pag._n 287_o chap._n xv._o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n assert_v from_o those_o tribute_n or_o custom_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v impose_v pay_v and_o demand_v for_o the_o guard_n or_o protection_n thereof_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n pag._n 295_o chap._n xvi_o observation_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a and_o irish_a sea_n from_o the_o tenor_n and_o variety_n of_o those_o letter_n patent_n or_o commission_n royal_a whereby_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v put_v in_o authority_n pag._n 305_o chap._n xvii_o it_o be_v prove_v by_o word_n plain_a enough_o in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o commission_n for_o the_o government_n or_o command_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n from_o ancient_a to_o the_o present_a time_n that_o the_o sea_n for_o who_o guard_n or_o defence_n he_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o lord_n and_o sovereign_n be_v ever_o bound_v towards_o the_o south_n by_o the_o shore_n of_o aquitain_n normandy_n and_o picardy_n pag._n 312_o chap._n xviii_o touch_v the_o admiral_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n or_o those_o constitute_v upon_o the_o opposite_a shore_n their_o original_a nature_n and_o variety_n that_o the_o sea_n itself_o flow_v between_o britain_n and_o france_n be_v not_o contain_v in_o that_o command_n of_o he_o as_o of_o one_o that_o be_v governor_n of_o a_o territory_n or_o province_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n in_o it_o that_o may_v oppose_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n pag._n 321._o chap._n xix_o that_o in_o the_o dominion_n of_o those_o island_n lie_v before_o the_o shore_n of_o france_n which_o have_v ever_o be_v enjoy_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n wherein_o they_o be_v situate_a be_v derive_v from_o their_o predecessor_n pag._n 333_o chap._n xx._n the_o dominion_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n assert_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n from_o that_o leave_v of_o preter-navigation_n or_o passage_n which_o have_v be_v usual_o either_o grant_v by_o they_o to_o foreiner_n or_o desire_v from_o they_o pag._n 344_o chap._n xxi_o that_o licence_n have_v be_v usual_o grant_v to_o foreiner_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o fish_n in_o the_o sea_n also_o that_o the_o protection_n give_v to_o fisherman_n by_o they_o as_o in_o their_o own_o territory_n be_v a_o ancient_a and_o manifest_a evidence_n of_o their_o dominion_n by_o sea_n pag._n 355_o chap._n xxii_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n make_v evident_a from_o the_o law_n and_o limit_n usual_o set_v by_o our_o king_n in_o the_o sea_n to_o such_o foreiner_n as_o be_v at_o enmity_n with_o each_o other_o but_o in_o amity_n with_o the_o english_a and_o concern_v the_o king_n closet_n or_o chamber_n in_o the_o sea_n also_o touch_v that_o singular_a privilege_v of_o perpetual_a truce_n or_o exemption_n from_o hostility_n in_o the_o sea_n about_o those_o isle_n which_o lie_v before_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n pag._n 363_o chap._n xxiii_o certain_a public_a record_n wherein_o of_o old_a the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o the_o way_n asscribe_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n both_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o also_o by_o the_o estate_n of_o parliament_n debate_v of_o other_o matter_n and_o that_o in_o express_a word_n and_o with_o very_o great_a deliberation_n as_o a_o know_a and_o most_o undoubted_a right_n pag._n 375_o chap._n xxiv_o of_o divers_a testimony_n in_o our_o own_o law-book_n and_o the_o most_o receive_a custom_n whereby_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v either_o assert_v or_o admit_v pag._n 382_o chap._n xxv_o son_n ancient_a testimony_n of_o less_o account_n touch_v the_o sea-dominion_n whereof_o we_o treat_v pag._n 394_o chap._n xxvi_o that_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o foreiner_n who_o it_o most_o concern_v by_o their_o usual_a strike_n of_o sail_n according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n also_o concern_v two_o edict_n or_o ordinance_n that_o be_v set_v forth_o about_o this_o thing_n by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n pag._n 398_o chap._n xxvii_o a_o recognition_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n make_v by_o very_a many_o of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n round_o about_o in_o a_o ancient_a libel_n public_o exhibit_v or_o in_o a_o bill_n of_o complaint_n institute_v by_o they_o together_o with_o the_o english_a against_o reyner_n grimbald_n governor_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n also_o touch_v a_o recognition_n of_o this_o kind_n imply_v in_o his_o defence_n pag._n 403_o chap._n xxviii_o a_o copy_n or_o transcript_n of_o the_o libel_n or_o bill_n of_o complaint_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n pag._n 415._o chap._n xxix_o a_o recognition_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n make_v by_o the_o fleming_n in_o a_o embassy_n to_o edward_n the_o second_o pag._n 429_o chap._n xxx_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o the_o irish_a and_o western_a sea_n consider_v single_o and_o apart_o by_o itself_o pag._n 433
to_o be_v present_v touch_v that_o business_n unto_o the_o king_n as_o he_o be_v at_o that_o time_n king_n of_o france_n but_o only_o as_o king_n of_o england_n that_o be_v as_o lord_n of_o the_o whole_a sea_n flow_v between_o and_o it_o be_v very_o improbable_a and_o not_o in_o reason_n to_o be_v admit_v that_o they_o will_v so_o upon_o deliberation_n for_o both_o lord_n and_o commons_o use_v to_o debate_v such_o matter_n a_o long_a time_n before_o they_o pass_v a_o bill_n that_o they_o will_v i_o say_v so_o upon_o deliberation_n require_v a_o impose_v of_o custom_n by_o the_o act_n of_o a_o english_a parliament_n in_o a_o place_n that_o be_v not_o subject_a as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o king_n of_o england_n from_o hence_o it_o be_v also_o that_o our_o present_a king_n charles_n do_v this_o last_o year_n declare_v that_o himself_o and_o his_o progenitor_n the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v in_o all_o time_n hitherto_o by_o a_o ancient_a and_o most_o just_a title_n be_v lord_n of_o this_o sea_n to_o wit_n in_o his_o 1634._o letter_n patent_n send_v to_o the_o maritime_a county_n of_o england_n whereby_o ship-monie_n be_v impose_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o his_o dominion_n by_o sea_n add_v moreover_o hereunto_o that_o in_o the_o agreement_n make_v betwixt_o our_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o guy_n earl_n of_o flanders_n about_o the_o wear_n of_o colors_z or_o flag_n in_o every_o ship_n and_o punish_v offender_n by_o sea_n william_n de_fw-fr leyburn_n be_v call_v londinensi_fw-la admiral_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n du_fw-fr dict_z roy_fw-fr d_o engleterre_fw-fr or_o admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n other_o testimony_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n there_o be_v in_o record_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o acknowledge_v according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n which_o i_o shall_v discourse_n of_o in_o the_o next_o place_n and_o after_o that_o concern_v the_o testimony_n of_o foreiner_n of_o divers_a testimony_n in_o our_o own_o law-book_n and_o the_o most_o receive_a custom_n whereby_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v either_o assert_v or_o admit_v chap._n xxiv_o the_o seven_o of_o those_o head_n according_a to_o the_o former_a division_n which_o manifest_a the_o aforesaid_a dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n relate_n to_o our_o law-book's_a and_o the_o receive_a custom_n therein_o which_o prove_v it_o from_o the_o most_o ancient_a time_n there_o be_v also_o in_o they_o many_o particular_n that_o may_v relate_v hereunto_o which_o be_v explain_v now_o and_o then_o touch_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o english_a admiralty_n and_o other_o thing_n already_o handle_v but_o in_o this_o chapter_n we_o shall_v use_v either_o the_o determination_n and_o commentary_n of_o our_o own_o lawyer_n or_o chief_o such_o court-record_n as_o explain_v their_o opinion_n i_o confess_v indeed_o in_o some_o of_o the_o author_n of_o our_o law_n who_o write_v above_o cccl_o year_n ago_o or_o thereabouts_o after_o they_o have_v as_o the_o manner_n than_o be_v read_v through_o the_o civil_a law_n also_o they_o be_v so_o strict_a in_o follow_v those_o determination_n word_n for_o word_n which_o they_o find_v concern_v the_o sea_n in_o that_o law_n that_o when_o they_o treat_v the_o acquirendo_fw-la rerum_fw-la dominio_fw-la of_o the_o manner_n of_o acquire_v the_o dominion_n of_o thing_n they_o tranfer_v they_o into_o their_o own_o writing_n from_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o henry_n bracton_n who_o be_v a_o very_a famous_a lawyer_n at_o the_o late_a end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o say_v 6._o naturali_fw-la jure_fw-la communia_fw-la sunt_fw-la omne_fw-la haec_fw-la aqua_fw-la profluens_fw-la aër_fw-la &_o mare_n &_o litora_fw-la maris_fw-la quasi_fw-la maris_fw-la accessoria_fw-la by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n all_o these_o thing_n be_v common_a run_v water_n the_o aër_fw-la and_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o accessory_n or_o dependent_n of_o the_o sea_n also_o aedificia_fw-la si_fw-la in_o mari_fw-fr five_o in_fw-la litore_fw-la posita_fw-la fuerint_fw-la aedificantium_fw-la sunt_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la if_o building_n be_v raise_v in_o the_o sea_n or_o upon_o the_o shore_n they_o become_v they_o that_o build_v they_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o a_o little_a after_o jus_fw-la piscandi_fw-la omnibus_fw-la common_a est_fw-la in_o portu_fw-la &_o in_fw-la fluminibus_fw-la a_o right_a of_o fish_v be_v common_a to_o all_o in_o a_o haven_n and_o in_o rivers_n which_o we_o find_v likewise_o in_o purchas_n some_o other_o of_o our_o law-book_n of_o that_o age_n as_o a_o passage_n that_o fall_v from_o some_o writer_n of_o who_o i_o speak_v at_o large_a in_o the_o former_a book_n that_o be_v more_o affect_v than_o be_v meet_v with_o the_o word_n of_o ulpian_n and_o justinian_n in_o the_o general_a division_n of_o thing_n but_o these_o very_a man_n in_o other_o place_n show_v the_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n do_v sufficient_o admit_v the_o king_n dominion_n by_o sea_n for_o bracton_n himself_o afterward_o speak_v of_o they_o that_o by_o the_o king_n grace_n and_o favour_n 57_o quieti_fw-la sint_fw-la de_fw-la theolonio_n &_o consuetudinibus_fw-la dandis_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o terrâ_fw-la &_o mari_fw-fr &_o per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la quà m_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la be_v exempt_v from_o pay_v toll_n and_o custom_n throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o england_n in_o the_o land_n and_o in_o the_o sea_n and_o throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n both_o by_o land_n and_o by_o sea_n and_o in_o the_o same_o king_n time_n a_o freedom_n from_o some_o payment_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n 〈◊〉_d per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la quà m_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o well_o by_o sea_n as_o by_o land_n and_o so_o bracton_n when_o he_o return_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n acknowledge_v that_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o his_o king_n no_o less_o than_o the_o land_n and_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v also_o that_o inter_fw-la capitula_fw-la coronae_fw-la as_o they_o call_v they_o that_o be_v to_o say_v those_o article_n or_o chief_a head_n whereof_o enquiry_n be_v to_o be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o usual_a custom_n by_o judge_n delegated_a throughout_o england_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n we_o find_v this_o also_o de_fw-fr purpresturis_fw-la factis_fw-la super_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o terrâ_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o mari_n etc._n etc._n of_o tenant_n pourpresture_n make_v upon_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n either_o on_o land_n or_o in_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o sweet_a water_n either_o within_o the_o liberty_n or_o without_o or_o in_o any_o other_o place_n whatsoëver_o and_o it_o be_v place_v among_o the_o article_n of_o this_o kind_n recite_v by_o a._n bracton_n himself_o and_o in_o the_o 20._o author_n of_o the_o book_n call_v fleta_n but_o in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o law_n we_o call_v those_o thing_n pourpresture_n whereby_o detriment_n be_v do_v to_o any_o public_a place_n belong_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o a_o public_a thoroughfare_n a_o river_n and_o the_o like_a so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o ordinary_a article_n touch_v pourpresture_n in_o the_o general_a form_n of_o enquiry_n the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o king_n no_o less_o than_o of_o the_o land_n or_o of_o public_a road_n or_o thoroughfare_n and_o river_n agreeable_a hereto_o be_v that_o article_n about_o any_o kind_n of_o salt-water_n be_v enclose_v by_o any_o subject_n or_o possess_v in_o any_o other_o manner_n which_o in_o the_o ancient_a record_n of_o our_o court_n of_o admiralty_n be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v to_o the_o disherison_n of_o the_o king_n the_o word_n be_v there_o 33._o item_n soit_fw-fr enquis_fw-la de_fw-fr ceulx_fw-fr qui_fw-fr acrochent_fw-fr à _fw-fr eulx_fw-fr eaves_n salee_v en_fw-fr desheretison_fw-fr du_fw-fr roy._n and_o at_o this_o day_n enquiry_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v about_o that_o business_n by_o authority_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n robert_n belknap_n also_o a_o eminent_a judge_n in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o 46._o say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n as_o a_o part_n of_o his_o english_a kingdom_n or_o of_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n his_o word_n in_o the_o norman_a tongue_n run_v thus_o le_fw-fr mere_a est_fw-fr del_fw-it ligeans_n del_o roy_n come_v de_fw-fr son_fw-fr corone_fw-fr d'_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr he_o add_v to_o his_o word_n in_o a_o remarkable_a way_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n or_o as_o belong_v
the_o time_n of_o that_o decision_n the_o one_o of_o they_o be_v set_v forth_o by_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o of_o france_n or_o in_o the_o year_n mdlv_o the_o other_o by_o henry_n the_o three_o or_o in_o the_o year_n mdlxxxiv_o they_o be_v both_o object_v by_o those_o who_o require_v a_o strike_n of_o sail_n to_o they_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o french_a king_n even_o without_o the_o bound_n of_o france_n for_o the_o word_n of_o the_o edict_n do_v not_o relate_v only_o to_o the_o sea_n confine_v upon_o france_n upon_o which_o ground_n also_o they_o offer_v violence_n to_o certain_a hamburger_n who_o refuse_v to_o do_v this_o and_o seize_v they_o as_o guilty_a of_o contempt_n against_o the_o dignity_n and_o dominion_n of_o the_o french_a by_o sea_n but_o as_o to_o this_o thing_n say_v servinus_fw-la it_o may_v be_v say_v on_o the_o contrary_a that_o the_o edict_n or_o ordinance_n of_o the_o realm_n make_v injunction_n to_o strike_v and_o come_v aboard_o have_v not_o be_v observe_v and_o be_v not_o to_o this_o day_n and_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o of_o the_o year_n 1555._o have_v be_v verify_v in_o the_o court_n of_o parliament_n but_o the_o defendant_n do_v report_v only_o a_o extract_n out_o of_o the_o register_n of_o broüage_n which_o indeed_o be_v evident_a enough_o when_o that_o edict_n be_v object_v by_o the_o 254._o same_o man_n moreover_o it_o be_v a_o old_a obsolete_a law_n and_o that_o which_o prove'_v it_o be_v the_o new_a ordinance_n of_o the_o year_n 1584._o for_o there_o have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o a_o new_a law_n if_o the_o old_a one_o have_v be_v keep_v and_o notwithstanding_o that_o the_o last_o have_v not_o be_v verify_v simple_o but_o as_o it_o be_v promote_v by_o person_n in_o power_n at_o that_o time_n it_o do_v not_o pass_v without_o resistance_n but_o be_v register_v and_o publish_v with_o the_o qualification_n require_v by_o the_o procurator_n general_n at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o executor_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a form_n and_o such_o as_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o admiralty_n have_v make_v in_o former_a time_n without_o do_v any_o thing_n anew_o the_o former_a edict_n which_o be_v object_v be_v never_o admit_v by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n for_o nothing_o of_o that_o matter_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o record_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v the_o proper_a place_n for_o a_o testimony_n of_o its_o admission_n but_o the_o late_a be_v indeed_o admit_v though_o as_o to_o any_o effect_n of_o a_o law_n either_o at_o that_o time_n to_o be_v enact_v or_o introduce_v or_o as_o receive_v before_o into_o custom_n it_o be_v plain_o reject_v and_o that_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o king_n procurator_n who_o desire_v it_o may_v be_v so_o qualify_v as_o you_o see_v that_o what_o be_v ground_v upon_o ancient_a custom_n it_o only_o may_v be_v ratify_v even_o after_o this_o edict_n be_v so_o admit_v in_o favour_n of_o some_o great_a one_o which_o be_v discreet_o do_v see_v both_o the_o edict_n be_v extreme_o contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o their_o neighbour_n yea_o and_o of_o all_o foreiner_n but_o as_o to_o the_o business_n of_o strike_v sail_n which_o they_o will_v have_v to_o be_v a_o special_a sign_n or_o pledge_v of_o their_o sovereignty_n and_o dominion_n in_o those_o edict_n which_o notwithstanding_o upon_o second_o thought_n be_v reject_v afterward_o in_o law_n as_o have_v be_v show_v true_o it_o have_v be_v usual_o and_o perpetual_o acknowledge_v due_a for_o so_o many_o age_n to_o the_o english_a and_o perform_v according_o both_a by_o stranger_n and_o by_o the_o french_a themselves_o as_o a_o matter_n ground_v upon_o long_a prescription_n can_v be_v no_o slight_a argument_n among_o the_o french_a to_o confirm_v that_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a whereof_o we_o treat_v moreover_o it_o be_v affirm_v by_o all_o that_o be_v use_v to_o the_o sea_n as_o a_o thing_n out_o of_o question_n that_o this_o intervenient_a law_n or_o custom_n of_o strike_v sail_n have_v be_v very_o usual_a to_o the_o english_a and_o other_o nation_n and_o that_o it_o be_v very_o ancient_a and_o receive_v for_o above_o four_o hundred_o year_n appear_v by_o this_o that_o at_o hastings_n a_o town_n situate_a upon_o the_o shore_n of_o sussex_n it_o be_v decree_v by_o king_n john_n in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n or_o of_o our_o lord_n mcc_n with_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o peer_n that_o if_o the_o governor_n or_o commander_n of_o the_o king_n navy_n in_o his_o naval_a expedition_n which_o be_v all_o in_o that_o age_n upon_o the_o southern_a sea_n shall_v encontre_fw-fr sur_fw-fr la_fw-fr mer_fw-fr so_o the_o word_n run_v in_o the_o â—_o norman_a tongue_n aucune_v nef_n ou_fw-fr vesseaulx_fw-fr charge_n ou_fw-fr void_a qui_fw-fr ne_fw-fr vevillent_fw-fr avaler_n &_o abeisser_fw-fr leur_fw-fr trief_n au_fw-fr commandement_fw-fr du_fw-fr lieutenant_n du_fw-fr roy_fw-fr ou_fw-fr de_fw-fr l'_fw-fr admiral_n du_fw-fr roy_fw-fr ou_fw-fr son_fw-fr lieutenant_n mais_fw-fr combatant_n encontre_fw-fr ceulx_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr float_n que_fw-fr silz_n puent_a estre_fw-fr pris_fw-fr quill_n soient_fw-fr reputez_fw-fr come_v enemy_n &_o leur_fw-fr ness_n vesseaulx_fw-fr &_o biens_fw-fr pris_fw-fr &_o forfeit_n come_v biens_fw-fr des_fw-fr enemy_n tout_fw-fr soit_fw-fr que_fw-fr les_fw-fr mistress_n ou_fw-fr possessor_n d'_fw-fr iceulx_fw-fr voudroient_fw-fr venir_fw-fr apres_fw-fr &_o alleguer_v mesme_n les_fw-fr nef_n vesseaulx_fw-fr &_o biens_fw-fr estre_fw-fr des_fw-fr amy_n du_fw-fr roy_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr seigneur_fw-fr &_o que_fw-fr la_fw-fr menye_n estant_fw-fr en_fw-fr iceulx_fw-fr soient_fw-fr chastiez_fw-fr per_fw-la emprisonement_n de_fw-fr leur_fw-fr corpse_n pour_fw-fr leur_fw-fr rebelleté_fw-fr par_fw-fr discretion_n that_o be_v to_o say_v shall_v meet_v any_o ship_n whatsoëver_o by_o sea_n either_o lade_v or_o empty_a that_o shall_v refuse_v to_o strike_v their_o sail_n at_o the_o command_n of_o the_o king_n governor_n or_o admiral_n or_o his_o lieutenant_n but_o make_v resistance_n against_o they_o which_o belong_v to_o his_o fleet_n that_o then_o they_o be_v to_o be_v repute_v enemy_n if_o they_o may_v be_v take_v yea_o and_o their_o ship_n and_o good_n be_v confiscate_v as_o the_o good_n of_o enemy_n and_o that_o though_o the_o master_n or_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n shall_v allege_v afterwards_o that_o the_o same_o ship_n and_o good_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o friend_n and_o ally_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n but_o that_o the_o person_n which_o shall_v be_v find_v in_o this_o kind_n of_o ship_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v with_o imprisonment_n at_o discretion_n for_o their_o rebellion_n it_o be_v account_v treason_n if_o any_o ship_n whatsoëver_o have_v not_o acknowledge_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o his_o own_o sea_n by_o strike_v sail_n and_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v protect_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o amity_n who_o shall_v in_o any_o wise_a presume_v to_o do_v the_o contrary_n penalty_n also_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o if_o mention_n be_v make_v concern_v a_o crime_n commit_v in_o some_o territory_n of_o his_o island_n a_o recognition_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n make_v by_o very_a many_o of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n round_o about_o in_o a_o ancient_a libel_n public_o exhibit_v or_o in_o a_o bill_n of_o complaint_n institute_v by_o they_o together_o with_o the_o english_a against_o reyner_n grimbald_n governor_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n also_o touch_v a_o recognition_n of_o this_o kind_n imply_v in_o his_o defence_n chap._n xxvii_o the_o other_o testimony_n concern_v the_o recognition_n of_o most_o foreign_a nation_n in_o this_o particular_a be_v that_o libel_n or_o bill_n of_o complaint_n heretofore_o institute_v by_o very_a many_o nation_n together_o wherein_o they_o unanimous_o declare_v the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o his_o predecessor_n to_o be_v lord_n of_o teh_a sea_n flow_v about_o and_o bring_v they_o to_o give_v a_o account_n in_o a_o court_n of_o judicature_n who_o presume_v to_o violate_v that_o right_n for_o the_o well_o understand_v whereof_o i_o shall_v relate_v the_o whole_a matter_n more_o at_o large_a a_o war_n be_v on_o foot_n between_o our_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o king_n philip_n the_o fair_a of_o france_n it_o be_v so_o conclude_v sometime_o by_o agreement_n that_o there_o may_v notwithstanding_o be_v a_o freedom_n of_o commerce_n on_o both_o side_n and_o so_o a_o truce_n with_o all_o merchant_n whatsoëver_o on_o either_o side_n but_o as_o to_o other_o thing_n hostility_n proceed_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n as_o it_o be_v wont_a betwixt_o both_o the_o nation_n this_o special_a kind_n of_o truce_n be_v call_v etc._n sufferentia_fw-la guerrae_fw-la sufferance_n of_o war_n and_o during_o war_n there_o be_v certain_a person_n appoint_v by_o both_o prince_n to_o take_v
that_o libel_n by_o so_o many_o nation_n moreover_o true_o it_o be_v worthy_a observation_n that_o about_o the_o very_a same_o time_n to_o wit_n a_o little_a before_o the_o make_n of_o the_o league_n the_o king_n of_o england_n do_v homage_n to_o the_o french_a king_n for_o the_o duchy_n of_o 40b._o aquitain_n the_o earldom_n of_o pontois_n and_o other_o province_n that_o he_o hold_v in_o france_n that_o he_o be_v also_o whole_o deprive_v of_o they_o some_o time_n before_o by_o decree_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o alii_fw-la paris_n yea_o and_o that_o about_o one_o hundred_o year_n before_o king_n john_n be_v out_v of_o normandy_n and_o yet_o afterward_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n now_o and_o then_o regain_v a_o possession_n of_o it_o and_o that_o before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o league_n and_o of_o the_o publication_n of_o this_o libel_n which_o serve_v all_o to_o this_o end_n that_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o when_o the_o aforesaid_a famous_a controversy_n arise_v about_o the_o use_n and_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v between_o france_n and_o britain_n and_o the_o absolute_a dominion_n thereof_o be_v asscribe_v by_o so_o many_o nation_n upon_o a_o title_n derive_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o his_o predecessor_n yet_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n no_o title_n at_o all_o be_v pretend_v in_o right_a to_o their_o possession_n either_o of_o normandy_n or_o aquitain_n whereupon_o a_o dominion_n of_o any_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v in_o any_o sort_n be_v ground_v but_o claim_v upon_o the_o sole_a right_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n and_o it_o appear_v evident_a by_o the_o thing_n itself_o that_o the_o thing_n complain_v of_o by_o those_o nation_n in_o the_o libel_n be_v do_v by_o that_o governor_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n chief_o in_o the_o sea_n near_o the_o shore_n of_o france_n and_o flanders_n which_o be_v in_o hostility_n with_o each_o other_o and_o so_o certain_o they_o all_o unanimous_o affirm_v that_o 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truth_n have_v be_v so_o indeed_o whereby_o also_o that_o be_v not_o a_o little_a confirm_v whereof_o we_o discourse_v before_o about_o take_v the_o name_n of_o the_o shore_n over_o against_o we_o in_o the_o late_a commission_n of_o the_o office_n of_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n for_o limit_n only_o of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o of_o the_o province_n thereof_o under_o their_o protection_n moreover_o also_o about_o seven_o year_n before_o the_o exhibit_v of_o the_o aforesaid_a libel_n to_o the_o commissioner_n when_o as_o the_o king_n of_o france_n by_o reason_n of_o divers_a heinous_a injury_n do_v to_o his_o subject_n by_o the_o english_a in_o this_o sea_n require_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o he_o be_v the_o fiduciarie_n client_n or_o vassal_n because_o of_o aquitain_n and_o other_o province_n that_o he_o hold_v under_o he_o in_o france_n shall_v be_v question_v not_o only_o for_o wrong_v do_v but_o also_o for_o his_o right_n to_o those_o land_n which_o he_o hold_v and_o be_v summon_v to_o appear_v in_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n the_o matter_n be_v set_v down_o at_o large_a in_o the_o letter_n of_o summons_n he_o insert_v nothing_o therein_o whereby_o he_o may_v seem_v to_o arrogate_v any_o sea-dominion_n at_o all_o to_o himself_o or_o diminish_v that_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o 1293._o i_o lorilegus_fw-la who_o have_v set_v down_o a_o entire_a copy_n of_o they_o in_o his_o annal_n the_o same_o author_n also_o speak_v of_o the_o same_o time_n say_v 1294._o at_o that_o time_n there_o be_v neither_o lord_n nor_o law_n over_o the_o sea_n man_n but_o what_o every_o man_n be_v able_a to_o catch_v or_o snatch_v he_o call_v his_o own_o which_o plain_o denote_n a_o extraordinary_a licence_n or_o of_o depredation_n and_o infest_v the_o sea_n yet_o so_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o incomparable_a power_n of_o the_o english_a in_o ship_n which_o guard_v their_o dominion_n by_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o their_o ancestor_n be_v chief_o signify_v thereby_o the_o king_n very_o free_o permit_v his_o subject_n to_o use_v depredation_n by_o sea_n as_o long_o as_o the_o war_n continue_v for_o florilegus_n himself_o relate_n that_o great_a number_n both_o of_o french_a and_o spaniard_n be_v then_o take_v at_o sea_n by_o the_o english_a yea_o and_o about_o 1297_o that_o time_n thomas_n of_o walsingham_n write_v that_o either_o a_o french_a or_o norman_a navy_n of_o two_o hundred_o sail_n which_o rove_v about_o this_o sea_n to_o rob_v the_o english_a be_v overcome_v by_o a_o fleet_n of_o sixty_o english_a ship_n and_o bring_v into_o england_n there_o be_v also_o another_o ancient_a author_n of_o the_o same_o time_n when_o these_o affair_n be_v act_v who_o say_v ms._n that_o in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n mccxciv_o there_o fall_v out_o a_o quarrel_n between_o the_o seaman_n of_o the_o cinque-port_n of_o 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manner_n whatsoêver_o or_o that_o shall_v use_v the_o sea_n otherwise_o than_o at_o his_o pleasure_n who_o be_v lord_n thereof_o but_o as_o concern_v the_o like_a acknowledgement_n make_v single_o and_o apart_o by_o the_o fleming_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n over_o the_o sea_n i_o shall_v treat_v by_o and_o by_o after_o that_o i_o have_v in_o the_o next_o place_n set_v before_o you_o the_o libel_n itself_o in_o its_o own_o that_o be_v the_o norman_a tongue_n as_o it_o stand_v record_v in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n a_o copy_n or_o transcript_n of_o the_o libel_n or_o bill_n of_o complaint_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n chap._n xxviii_o in_o the_o archive_v of_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n where_o record_n of_o above_o four_o hundred_o year_n be_v keep_v there_o be_v a_o bundle_n of_o parchment_n which_o contain_v some_o affair_n relate_v to_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o three_o the_o first_o 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that_o be_v of_o the_o superiority_n or_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o the_o right_n of_o the_o office_n of_o admiralty_n in_o the_o same_o as_o it_o be_v also_o in_o the_o say_a agreement_n between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n also_o in_o one_o of_o the_o libel_n to_o those_o word_n be_v add_v retinendis_fw-la &_o confirmandis_fw-la all_o be_v very_o plain_o write_v in_o the_o usual_a character_n of_o that_o age_n whereunto_o the_o matter_n relate_n and_o there_o can_v be_v no_o scruple_n touch_v the_o reality_n and_o truth_n of_o they_o to_o any_o one_o that_o see_v they_o who_o be_v but_o a_o little_a acquaint_v with_o the_o ancient_a writing_n and_o such_o kind_n of_o record_n i_o give_v you_o the_o whole_a sens_fw-fr yea_o and_o partly_o the_o word_n before_o but_o now_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o set_v down_o a_o entire_a copy_n of_o the_o libel_n as_o it_o be_v write_v at_o that_o time_n in_o the_o french_a or_o norman_a tongue_n 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garde_fw-fr des_fw-fr pee_z droiture_fw-fr et_fw-fr equite_v entre_fw-fr toute_fw-fr manere_fw-la des_fw-fr gentz_n taunt_n d'_fw-fr autre_fw-fr seignurie_n come_fw-mi leur_fw-fr propre_fw-fr par_fw-fr illeque'_v passanz_n et_fw-fr par_fw-fr sovereign_a guard_n et_fw-la tote_fw-la manere_fw-la de_fw-fr conisance_n et_fw-fr justice_n haute_fw-fr et_fw-fr base_n sur_fw-fr les_fw-fr dite_fw-fr lois_fw-fr estatut_n ordinance_n et_fw-la defence_n et_fw-fr par_fw-fr toutz_fw-fr aultre_n faitz_fw-fr queux_fw-fr à _fw-fr le_fw-fr government_n de_fw-fr sovereign_a seignurie_n appertenir_fw-fr purront_fw-fr es_fw-mi lieux_fw-fr avant_fw-fr ditz_fw-fr et_fw-fr a._n de_fw-fr b._n admiral_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr dite_fw-fr mire_n deputez_fw-fr per_fw-la le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr et_fw-fr touz_v les_fw-fr autres_fw-fr admiral_n per_fw-la meisme_n celui_fw-fr roy_fw-fr d'_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr et_fw-fr ses_fw-fr auncestres_n jadis_fw-la rois_fw-fr d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr 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what_o have_v be_v already_o speak_v and_o from_o hence_o perhaps_o it_o be_v that_o the_o more_o ancient_a arm_n of_o the_o king_n of_o man_n be_v a_o ship_n with_o a_o sail_n fold_v together_o and_o this_o inscription_n add_v rex_fw-la manniae_fw-la &_o insularum_fw-la king_n of_o man_n &_o of_o the_o isle_n as_o m_n r_o 847._o camden_n observ'_v from_o their_o sail_n for_o the_o three_o leg_n of_o humane_a shape_n now_o every_o where_o know_v be_v but_o of_o late_a time_n but_o afterward_o when_o ireland_n be_v subdue_v by_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o king_n john_n and_o reginald_n king_n of_o man_n dorso_fw-la bring_v into_o the_o power_n of_o king_n john_n the_o english_a possess_v this_o sea_n at_o that_o time_n with_o a_o very_a numerous_a navy_n there_o be_v no_o reason_n at_o all_o to_o doubt_v but_o that_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n round_o about_o be_v take_v also_o into_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a for_o in_o that_o age_n the_o king_n of_o man_n be_v no_o 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by_o she_o and_o her_o heir_n both_o of_o the_o port_n call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o s_o t_o john_n which_o be_v in_o the_o island_n of_o baccalaos_n and_o also_o of_o the_o whole_a sea_n as_o well_o as_o land_n on_o every_o side_n 151._o for_o the_o space_n of_o six_o hundred_o mile_n then_o he_o receive_v this_o new_a kingdom_n of_o the_o queen_n as_o her_o beneficiarie_n have_v a_o branch_n and_o a_o turf_n deliver_v in_o his_o hand_n according_a to_o the_o usual_a ceremony_n of_o england_n in_o transfer_v the_o ownership_n of_o land_n and_o possession_n nor_o true_o be_v it_o necessary_a that_o he_o shall_v otherwise_o get_v the_o possession_n from_o whence_o this_o dominion_n of_o the_o queen_n and_o her_o posterity_n have_v its_o original_a for_o as_o paulus_n say_v well_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n that_o he_o who_o dom._n intend_v to_o take_v possession_n of_o a_o field_n shall_v walk_v about_o the_o whole_a but_o it_o be_v sufficient_a if_o he_o enter_v any_o part_n of_o that_o field_n so_o long_o as_o he_o do_v it_o with_o a_o mind_n thought_n and_o intent_n to_o possess_v the_o field_n to_o its_o utmost_a extent_n and_o bind_v which_o say_v may_v relate_v to_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o land_n that_o be_v never_o take_v into_o possession_n so_o that_o as_o agrorum_fw-la siculus_n flaccus_n treat_v of_o occupatorie_a land_n say_v man_n do_v not_o possess_v so_o much_o land_n as_o they_o be_v able_a to_o till_o but_o they_o reserve_v as_o much_o as_o they_o be_v in_o hope_n they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o till_o the_o like_a also_o may_v be_v say_v of_o a_o sea_n so_o take_v into_o possession_n look_v how_o much_o be_v reserve_v in_o hope_n of_o use_v and_o enjoy_v so_o much_o also_o be_v bound_v but_o perhaps_o the_o first_o original_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o this_o main_a sea_n of_o america_n do_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o possession_n that_o be_v acquire_v by_o gilbert_n he_o rather_o restore_v and_o enlarge_v the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n here_o for_o that_o island_n call_v baccalaos_n be_v add_v to_o the_o english_a empire_n by_o 7._o sebastian_n chabot_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o seven_o and_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o afterward_o it_o grow_v to_o be_v a_o custom_n for_o the_o officer_n belong_v to_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n in_o who_o charge_n be_v all_o the_o sea_n subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n as_o king_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n to_o demand_v tribute_n of_o such_o as_o fish_v also_o in_o this_o sea_n which_o be_v i_o suppose_v a_o most_o evident_a token_n of_o the_o king_n dominion_n but_o it_o be_v 6._o provide_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o six_o that_o no_o tribute_n of_o that_o kind_n to_o the_o grievance_n of_o fisherman_n shall_v be_v pay_v any_o long_a how_o far_o our_o english_a colony_n late_o transport_v into_o america_n have_v possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o sea_n there_o i_o have_v as_o yet_o make_v but_o little_a enquiry_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o the_o scotish_n sea_n especial_o towards_o the_o east_n and_o north._n chap._n xxxi_o those_o particular_n which_o be_v cite_v before_o out_o of_o the_o 6._o proclamation_n of_o james_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n about_o the_o prohibition_n of_o fish_v relate_v as_o well_o to_o the_o scotish_n sea_n on_o every_o side_n from_o whence_o also_o you_o must_v acknowledge_v their_o possession_n have_v be_v retain_v together_o with_o a_o ancient_a sea-dominion_n that_o be_v to_o say_v all_o foreiner_n be_v prohibit_v to_o fish_n in_o these_o sea_n without_o leave_v first_o obtain_v at_o edinburgh_n and_o in_o those_o scotish_n act_n of_o parliament_n they_o be_v not_o so_o much_o new_a law_n make_v as_o old_a one_o revive_v whereby_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o all_o manner_n of_o 86._o fischere_n that_o occupy_v the_o sea_n and_o uthere_n person_n quhat_o sumever_o that_o happenis_n to_o slay_v hear_a or_o quihte_a fish_n upon_o the_o coast_n or_o within_o the_o isle_n or_o out_o with_o the_o samen_n within_o the_o frithes_n bring_v they_o to_o free_a port_n etc._n etc._n where_o they_o may_v be_v sell_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o same_o kingdom_n quhairby_o his_o majesty_n custom_n be_v not_o defraud_v and_o his_o hienes_n liege_n not_z frustrate_v of_o the_o commodity_n appoint_v to_o they_o be_v god_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o confiscation_n and_o tynsel_n of_o the_o veschelle_n of_o they_o that_o cume_v in_o the_o contrair_a hereof_o and_o escheit_v of_o all_o their_o movable_a gudde_n to_o our_o sovereign_n lord_n use_v so_o that_o use_n and_o benefit_n be_v claim_v hence_o by_o a_o special_a right_n in_o that_o sea_n otherwise_o true_o that_o use_n and_o be_v fit_n will_v of_o right_n no_o more_o appertein_a either_o to_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n or_o his_o subject_n than_o to_o any_o other_o whomsoêver_o but_o the_o law_n be_v make_v concern_v all_o fisherman_n as_o well_o stranger_n as_o scotchman_n as_o be_v ordain_v by_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o that_o kingdom_n who_o so_o well_o understand_v both_o the_o king_n be_v right_a and_o also_o their_o own_o as_o subordinate_a to_o the_o king_n by_o tradition_n from_o their_o ancestor_n or_o by_o long-continued_a possession_n and_o dominion_n that_o there_o remain_v not_o the_o least_o ground_n of_o scruple_n touch_v that_o business_n and_o a_o scotish_n lawyer_n speak_v about_o fish_v in_o the_o eastern_a sea_n of_o scotland_n i_o can_v say_v 3_o he_o omit_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o in_o the_o past_a age_n after_o a_o most_o bloody_a quarrel_n between_o the_o scot_n and_o hollander_n about_o occasion_n belong_v to_o the_o sea_n the_o matter_n be_v compose_v after_o this_o manner_n that_o in_o time_n to_o
place_n herring_n be_v every_o day_n meat_n winter_n and_o summer_n as_o well_o to_o draw_v on_o drink_n as_o to_o satisfy_v hunger_n and_o in_o most_o place_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o year_n they_o be_v scarce_o to_o be_v have_v for_o present_o after_o michaëlmas_n the_o sound_n and_o rivers_n be_v freeze_v up_o so_o as_o no_o herring_n can_v be_v transport_v into_o twenty_o several_a kingdom_n and_o free_a state_n until_o july_n which_o be_v for_o thirty_o week_n space_n together_o so_o that_o when_o lent_n come_v there_o be_v few_o to_o be_v buy_v for_o money_n last_o since_o by_o care_n and_o industry_n we_o gain_v from_o the_o fleming_n doubtless_o so_o by_o the_o mean_v we_o may_v as_o easy_o grow_v expert_a in_o the_o art_n of_o fish_v and_o in_o time_n make_v it_o a_o staple_n commodity_n of_o our_o own_o but_o this_o we_o shall_v the_o better_o and_o soon_o do_v if_o we_o consider_v and_o endeavour_v to_o reform_v certain_a want_n and_o abuse_n which_o hitherto_o have_v 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than_o of_o the_o land_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o law_n receive_v among_o nation_n about_o the_o acquire_n of_o dominion_n and_o of_o justice_n itself_o as_o from_o the_o cause_n nor_o that_o the_o effect_n thereof_o be_v any_o other_o than_o what_o be_v various_o subservient_fw-fr to_o compact_n agreement_n league_n and_o treaty_n constitution_n or_o prescription_n of_o servitude_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o effect_n of_o dominion_n by_o land_n and_o therefore_o 2._o he_o say_v well_o of_o old_a nunc_fw-la jam_fw-la cessit_fw-la pontus_n &_o omnes_fw-la patitur_fw-la leges_fw-la the_o seal_n now_o make_v appropriate_a and_o yield_n to_o all_o the_o law_n of_o state_n that_o be_v to_o say_v all_o which_o be_v admit_v in_o any_o other_o kind_n of_o territory_n according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o thing_n person_n
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on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n nor_o can_v the_o word_n eruption_n otherwise_o be_v well_o put_v in_o that_o place_n so_o that_o even_o that_o ancient_a dignity_n of_o the_o count_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n whereof_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v be_v therefore_o not_o obscure_o represent_v by_o he_o who_o command_v as_o admiral_n over_o the_o fleet_n of_o that_o age._n this_o tribute_n or_o tax_n have_v its_o beginning_n under_o king_n ethelred_n for_o he_o be_v bring_v into_o miserable_a strait_n by_o swain_n king_n of_o denmark_n be_v force_v to_o buy_v a_o peace_n of_o he_o hire_v xlv_o danish_a ship_n also_o by_o agreement_n for_o the_o guard_n and_o secure_v of_o his_o dominion_n in_o the_o sea_n who_o be_v to_o receiv_v their_o pay_n yearly_o out_o of_o this_o tribute_n for_o their_o maintenance_n for_o the_o right_a understanding_n whereof_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v out_o of_o the_o english_a saxon_a story_n that_o the_o tribute_n or_o tax_n usual_o pay_v at_o that_o time_n to_o the_o dane_n be_v of_o more_o kind_n than_o one_o there_o be_v one_o tribute_n or_o sum_n of_o money_n wherewith_o the_o english-saxons_a be_v force_v sometime_o to_o buy_v peace_n of_o such_o as_o grievous_o infest_a the_o island_n but_o another_o be_v levy_v to_o pay_v the_o danish_a navy_n which_o be_v hire_v to_o guard_v the_o sea_n and_o defend_v the_o seacoast_n the_o first_o kind_n of_o tribute_n appear_v by_o that_o of_o florentius_n and_o hoveden_n in_o the_o year_n mvii_o ethelred_n king_n of_o england_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o lord_n send_v ambassador_n to_o the_o dane_n give_v they_o commission_n to_o declare_v that_o he_o be_v willing_a to_o defray_v their_o charge_n and_o pay_v they_o a_o tribute_n upon_o this_o condition_n that_o they_o will_v desist_v from_o rapine_n and_o establish_v a_o firm_a peace_n with_o he_o to_o which_o demand_n of_o his_o they_o yield_v and_o from_o that_o time_n their_o charge_n be_v defraied_a by_o all_o england_n and_o a_o tribute_n pay_v which_o amount_v to_o 36000_o pound_n that_o be_v he_o effect_v this_o only_a for_o the_o present_a that_o he_o obtain_v a_o peace_n for_o a_o time_n by_o money_n which_o he_o can_v not_o by_o arm_n as_o florilegus_n say_v well_o four_o year_n after_o also_o all_o the_o great_a lord_n of_o england_n of_o both_o order_n meet_v together_o at_o london_n before_o easter_n and_o there_o they_o stay_v so_o long_o till_o payment_n be_v make_v of_o the_o tribute_n promise_v to_o the_o dane_n amount_v to_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o pound_n which_o we_o read_v of_o likewise_o both_o in_o florentius_n and_o 1012_o hoveden_n but_o this_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o intent_n that_o all_o dane_n which_o be_v in_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v in_o every_o place_n dwell_v peaceable_o by_o the_o english_a and_o that_o both_o people_n shall_v have_v as_o it_o be_v one_o heart_n and_o one_o soul_n as_o it_o be_v express_v by_o florilegus_n other_o passage_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n there_o be_v in_o the_o story_n of_o that_o age_n yea_o and_o some_o of_o a_o elder_a date_n yet_o this_o first_o kind_n of_o tribute_n be_v not_o wont_a to_o be_v pay_v yearly_o but_o levy_v now_o and_o then_o as_o occasion_v require_v notwithstanding_o it_o may_v be_v true_a perhaps_o which_o cottoniana_n some_o write_v that_o ethelred_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a agreement_n of_o the_o year_n mvii_o yield_v to_o pay_v every_o year_n a_o tribute_n of_o thirty_o six_o thousand_o pound_n to_o the_o dane_n for_o a_o long_a continuation_n of_o the_o peace_n we_o read_v here_o that_o he_o yield_v or_o grant_v but_o no_o where_o likewise_o that_o he_o pay_v it_o but_o as_o for_o the_o second_o kind_n of_o tribute_n which_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v as_o we_o have_v tell_v you_o for_o hire_v of_o the_o danish_a navy_n it_o be_v a_o yearly_a tribute_n and_o levy_v at_o the_o same_o time_n at_o least_o in_o the_o same_o year_n to_o wit_n of_o our_o lord_n mxii_o wherein_o these_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o pound_n be_v pay_v to_o procure_v a_o peace_n nor_o be_v it_o limit_v by_o any_o setsumme_n of_o money_n but_o so_o much_o as_o will_v serve_v for_o victual_v and_o clothe_v the_o force_n at_o sea_n florentius_n and_o hoveden_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a year_n say_v after_o these_o thing_n upon_o payment_n of_o the_o tribute_n mean_v that_o of_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o pound_n and_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o peace_n by_o oath_n the_o danish_a navy_n which_o be_v before_o in_o a_o body_n be_v dispose_v and_o disperse_v abroad_o afar_o off_o but_o xlv_o ship_n remain_v with_o the_o king_n and_o swear_v fidelity_n to_o he_o and_o promise_v to_o be_v ready_a to_o defend_v england_n against_o foreiner_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o will_v provide_v they_o victual_n and_o clothe_v this_o be_v relate_v likewise_o in_o the_o english-saxon_a chronicle_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o 1012._o abingdon_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v the_o tribute_n be_v pay_v and_o oath_n of_o amity_n take_v the_o army_n or_o navy_n which_o be_v before_o in_o a_o body_n be_v disperse_v abroad_o but_o forty_o five_o ship_n of_o that_o navy_n remain_v with_o the_o king_n and_o promise_v upon_o oath_n to_o be_v ready_a for_o the_o defence_n of_o this_o land_n upon_o condition_n the_o king_n do_v find_v they_o victual_n and_o clothing_n swain_n be_v at_o that_o time_n king_n of_o denmark_n with_o who_o ethelred_n make_v this_o agreement_n but_o both_o the_o kind_n of_o payment_n aforemention_v be_v call_v danegelo_n danegeld_n or_o danageld_v that_o be_v to_o say_v danish_a tribute_n the_o first_o kind_n be_v express_o intimate_v by_o this_o name_n in_o 21._o joannes_n sarisburiensis_n where_o he_o say_v swain_n waste_v and_o spoil_v the_o island_n of_o britain_n the_o great_a part_n whereof_o he_o have_v in_o his_o possession_n and_o afflict_v the_o member_n of_o christ_n with_o many_o persecution_n by_o a_o imposition_n of_o tribute_n which_o in_o the_o english_a tongue_n they_o call_v danageld_v but_o the_o second_o kind_n which_o be_v pay_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o force_n by_o sea_n be_v call_v likewise_o by_o the_o same_o name_n both_o because_o it_o be_v occasion_v by_o the_o agreement_n with_o the_o dane_n as_o also_o because_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o danish_a fleet_n that_o be_v hire_v to_o guard_v the_o territory_n by_o sea_n for_o which_o cause_n also_o it_o retain_v the_o same_o name_n not_o only_o under_o these_o danish_a king_n canutus_n harold_n the_o first_o and_o hardecanutus_n but_o also_o under_o the_o english-saxon_a or_o english_a and_o that_o this_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v be_v the_o original_a hereof_o be_v affirm_v also_o by_o ingulphus_n the_o abbot_n of_o crowland_n a_o witness_n beyond_o all_o exception_n who_o live_v at_o that_o time_n he_o speak_v of_o the_o affair_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n say_v 897._o in_o the_o year_n mli_o which_o be_v the_o ten_o of_o king_n edward_n in_o regard_v the_o earth_n do_v not_o bring_v forth_o its_o fruit_n in_o such_o plenty_n as_o it_o be_v wont_a but_o devour_v very_o many_o people_n by_o famine_n insomuch_o that_o many_o thousand_o of_o man_n die_v through_o the_o scarcity_n of_o corn_n and_o want_v of_o bread_n therefore_o the_o most_o pious_a king_n edward_n be_v move_v with_o compassion_n towards_o the_o people_n release_v that_o most_o grievous_a tribute_n call_v danigeld_v to_o all_o england_n for_o ever_o it_o be_v report_v by_o some_o that_o this_o most_o religious_a king_n be_v bring_v by_o his_o officer_n into_o the_o exchequer_n to_o see_v the_o danigeld_v that_o be_v collect_v and_o to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o so_o vast_a a_o heap_n of_o treasure_n stand_v amaze_v at_o the_o first_o sight_n
least_o allow_v such_o a_o dominion_n viii_o some_o ancient_a testimony_n of_o inferior_a note_n all_o the_o testimony_n almost_o that_o be_v comprehend_v in_o this_o division_n be_v indeed_o domestic_a but_o so_o public_a and_o of_o so_o approve_a credit_n that_o hardly_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v imagine_v which_o may_v give_v a_o clear_a proof_n of_o possession_n whether_o civil_a as_o they_o call_v it_o consist_v in_o the_o act_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o mind_n or_o natural_a which_o require_n the_o presence_n of_o the_o body_n as_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o any_o man_n that_o plea_n to_o make_v enquiry_n especial_o if_o he_o add_v hereunto_o the_o judgement_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o such_o foreign_a nation_n who_o it_o chief_o concern_v whereof_o we_o shall_v treat_v also_o by_o and_o by_o but_o of_o these_o thing_n several_o and_o in_o order_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n have_v perpetual_o enjoy_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o they_o be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n prove_v from_o the_o guard_n or_o government_n thereof_o as_o of_o a_o province_n or_o territorie_n that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o the_o very_a law_n of_o the_o english_a admiralty_n chap._n fourteen_o as_o concern_v the_o guard_n or_o government_n of_o this_o sea_n there_o be_v three_o thing_n therein_o that_o deserv_v special_a consideration_n 1._o the_o bare_a mention_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o the_o guardian_n or_o admiral_n thereof_o in_o public_a record_n and_o history_n 2._o the_o tribute_n and_o custom_n impose_v demand_v or_o accustom_v to_o be_v pay_v for_o and_o in_o consideration_n of_o the_o say_a custody_n and_o last_o the_o tenor_n and_o variety_n of_o commission_n belong_v to_o this_o guard_n and_o english_a admiralty_n or_o government_n by_o sea_n since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n there_o be_v frequent_a mention_n of_o a_o guard_n or_o government_n institute_v for_o the_o defence_n and_o guard_v of_o the_o sea_n here_o call_v to_o mind_v those_o observation_n touch_v this_o kind_n of_o guard_n which_o have_v be_v already_o gather_v out_o of_o that_o record_n or_o breviarie_n of_o england_n call_v doomsday_n and_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o say_v florentius_n of_o worcester_n give_v order_n to_o his_o butsecarli_n to_o guard_v the_o sea_n and_o take_v care_n that_o no_o person_n from_o the_o part_n of_o normandy_n approach_v the_o english_a coast_n the_o same_o say_v roger_n hoveden_n in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n almost_o save_v only_o that_o the_o print_a copy_n err_v in_o put_v buzsecarlis_n for_o butsecarlis_n these_o butsecarli_n or_o butescarles_n in_o the_o old_a english_a language_n be_v officer_n belong_v to_o the_o navy_n or_o sea-soldier_n as_o hutesecarli_n be_v domestic_a servant_n or_o officer_n in_o court_n and_o that_o to_o guard_v the_o sea_n here_o signify_v to_o secure_v the_o sea_n itself_o not_o to_o defend_v the_o seacoast_n as_o sometime_o though_o seldom_o it_o do_v with_o land-force_n plain_o appear_v out_o of_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n in_o who_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o person_n who_o thus_o guard_v the_o sea_n be_v employ_v by_o the_o king_n to_o make_v war_n by_o sea_n against_o robert_n duke_n of_o normandy_n who_o be_v then_o prepare_v a_o expedition_n against_o england_n now_o those_o public_a record_n be_v lose_v wherein_o the_o royal_a commission_n for_o the_o delegation_n of_o this_o command_n or_o government_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v register_v all_o that_o space_n of_o time_n betwixt_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n and_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n john_n but_o from_o thence_o through_o all_o the_o succeed_a age_n unto_o this_o present_a time_n it_o be_v as_o clear_a as_o day_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v be_v wont_a to_o constitute_v governor_n or_o commander_n who_o have_v the_o charge_n of_o guard_v the_o english_a sea_n and_o be_v the_o guardian_n or_o governor_n thereof_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v some_o province_n upon_o land_n first_o of_o all_o there_o be_v 9_o entrust_v with_o the_o government_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o maritimae_n and_o marinae_fw-la the_o maritime_a and_o marine_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n understand_v by_o those_o word_n not_o only_o some_o country_n lie_v upon_o the_o seacoast_n but_o comprehend_v the_o british_a sea_n itself_o though_o i_o confess_v it_o be_v not_o always_o so_o such_o as_o be_v to_o guard_v and_o keep_v it_o under_o the_o title_n sometime_o of_o custodes_fw-la navium_fw-la guardian_n of_o the_o ship_n but_o more_o frequent_o custodes_fw-la maritimae_n or_o marinae_fw-la in_o the_o sens_fw-fr aforesaid_a and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o thomas_n de_fw-fr moleton_n be_v style_v 3._o captain_n and_o guardian_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o have_v authority_n give_v he_o to_o guard_v the_o sea_n and_o the_o maritime_a part_n of_o the_o eastern_a shore_n in_o the_o same_o king_n reign_n also_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o cinque-port_n be_v say_v to_o guard_v the_o dorso_fw-la coast_n of_o england_n and_o the_o sea_n so_o hugh_n de_fw-fr crequeur_n be_v warden_n of_o the_o 14._o cinque-port_n and_o of_o the_o sea_n in_o those_o part_n afterward_o the_o title_n of_o guardian_n or_o warden_n very_o often_o change_v into_o that_o of_o admiral_n edward_n the_o first_o say_v thomas_n of_o 1295._o walsingham_n for_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o sea_n divide_v his_o ship_n into_o three_o fleet_n set_v over_o they_o three_o admiral_n namely_o over_o the_o ship_n at_o yarmouth_n and_o the_o road_n thereabouts_o john_n the_o botetort_n over_o those_o at_o portsmouth_n william_n de_fw-fr leyburn_n and_o over_o the_o western_a and_o irish_a ship_n a_o certain_a irish_a knight_n moreover_o also_o that_o john_n de_fw-fr butetort_n be_v in_o the_o 5._o record_n of_o that_o time_n style_v custos_fw-la maritimae_n as_o be_v other_o also_o after_o this_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o three_o admiral_n of_o the_o three_o several_a coast_n of_o england_n say_v 22._o walsingham_n have_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n namely_o sir_n john_n oturvin_n sir_n nicolas_n kyriel_n sir_n john_n felton_n we_o find_v moreover_o in_o our_o 2._o public_a record_n that_o the_o principal_a end_n of_o call_v a_o parliament_n in_o the_o fourteen_o year_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o be_v de_n treter_n sur_fw-fr la_fw-fr guard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr pee_z de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr &_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr march_n d'escoce_fw-mi &_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mere_a i._n e._n that_o consultation_n may_v be_v have_v concern_v keep_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o land_n also_o of_o the_o border_n of_o scotland_n and_o of_o the_o sea_n the_o same_o regard_n they_o have_v to_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o of_o the_o island_n or_o land-province_n give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o the_o land_n and_o sea_n together_o make_v one_o entire_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n other_o evidence_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n we_o find_v in_o the_o 21._o record_n of_o parliament_n of_o the_o same_o king_n time_n or_o in_o the_o consultation_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n have_v about_o this_o matter_n that_o whilst_o they_o treat_v indifferent_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr saufegard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr concern_v the_o safeguard_n or_o defence_n of_o the_o land_n or_o island_n and_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr saufeguard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mere_n the_o safeguard_n of_o the_o sea_n they_o seem_v sufficient_o to_o declare_v be_v well_o inform_v by_o their_o ancestor_n that_o the_o dominion_n of_o this_o as_o well_o as_o of_o that_o do_v belong_v unto_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n for_o the_o business_n debate_v by_o they_o be_v not_o only_a how_o to_o provide_v a_o navy_n to_o make_v resistance_n against_o their_o enemy_n by_o sea_n but_o for_o the_o guard_v the_o sea_n itself_o as_o well_o as_o the_o secure_n of_o the_o isle_n and_o so_o for_o the_o maintain_v the_o ancient_a right_n of_o their_o king_n in_o both_o in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o hugh_n calverlee_n be_v make_v admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n say_v parâ—_n walsingham_n and_o m_o r_o thomas_n percy_n join_v in_o commission_n with_o he_o to_o scour_v the_o road_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o one_o year_n and_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o same_o king_n and_o likewise_o of_o the_o two_o succeed_a henries_n the_o four_o and_o the_o five_o debate_n be_v have_v in_o 6._o parliament_n about_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o six_o the_o guard_n 27._o of_o the_o sea_n be_v with_o a_o numerous_a navy_n commit_v to_o richard_n earl_n of_o salisbury_n john_n earl_n of_o shrewsburie_n john_n earl_n of_o worcester_n and_z james_z earl_n of_o wilts_n to_o who_o be_v add_v baron_n sturton_n and_o afterward_o to_o john_n duke_n
town_n and_z other_o who_o shall_v be_v willing_a to_o come_v to_o the_o say_a town_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o fish_v to_o fish_n and_o make_v their_o own_o advantage_n with_o ship_n anâ—_n boat_n under_o thirty_o tun_n without_o any_o let_v or_o impediment_n any_o prohibition_n or_o command_n of_o we_o make_v to_o the_o contrary_a in_o any_o wise_n notwithstanding_o as_o we_o have_v say_v â—itness_v the_o king_n at_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n august_n x._o which_o be_v in_o the_o 11_o the_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o or_o of_o our_o lord_n mcccxxxix_o but_o if_o any_o heretofore_o undertake_v the_o protection_n of_o the_o fisherman_n in_o this_o sea_n without_o leave_v of_o the_o english_a they_o be_v to_o be_v seize_v and_o imprison_v as_o invader_n of_o the_o right_n of_o dominion_n and_o to_o expect_v to_o be_v deal_v with_o according_o for_o the_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n this_o be_v evident_a also_o in_o the_o record_n of_o our_o k._n edward_n the_o four_o for_o he_o erect_v a_o triumvirate_n or_o invest_v three_o person_n with_o naval_a power_n who_o the_o record_n call_v custodes_fw-la conductores_fw-la &_o waftores_fw-la guardian_n conductor_n and_o waftor_n who_o office_n it_o be_v to_o protect_v and_o guard_v the_o fisherman_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o norfolk_n and_o suffolk_n to_o the_o end_n therefore_o that_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o guard_n may_v be_v defray_v by_o the_o fisherman_n and_o all_o other_o whatsoëver_o be_v exclude_v from_o meddle_v with_o this_o kind_n of_o guard_n or_o protection_n he_o appoint_v four_o man_n by_o name_n sir_n john_n hemingham_n knight_n william_n hopton_n edmund_n yve_n and_o john_n â—ansfleet_n esquire_n as_o well_o say_v the_o 2._o record_n themselves_o to_o oversee_v those_o guardian_n conductor_n and_o waftor_n as_o to_o give_v notice_n to_o all_o fisherman_n of_o what_o country_n soêver_o they_o be_v who_o shall_v desire_v to_o fish_v in_o the_o part_n aforesaid_a under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o say_v n._n n._n that_o those_o fisherman_n and_o every_o of_o they_o do_v contribute_v to_o all_o and_o all_o manner_n of_o cost_v charge_n and_o expense_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o guardian_n and_o conductor_n in_o the_o time_n of_o fish_v and_o charge_v all_o such_o cost_v charge_n and_o expense_n according_a to_o a_o proportion_n and_o to_o levy_v and_o collect_v those_o cost_v charge_n and_o expense_n out_o of_o this_o kind_n of_o fishing_n belong_v to_o the_o fisherman_n aforesaid_a wheresoêver_o they_o may_v be_v find_v as_o also_o to_o arrest_v and_o apprehend_v all_o other_o except_z the_o afore_o name_v who_o presume_v or_o attempt_v to_o become_v guardian_n conductor_n or_o wastor_n and_o to_o commit_v they_o to_o our_o next_o gaol_n there_o to_o be_v keep_v safe_o and_o secure_o till_o we_o shall_v take_v order_n for_o their_o delivery_n in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n almost_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n we_o find_v divers_a letter_n patent_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o septembris_fw-la seven_o yea_o and_o of_o richard_n the_o 2._o three_o save_v that_o in_o the_o form_n hereof_o after_o those_o word_n charge_v all_o such_o expense_n according_a to_o a_o proportion_n this_o considerable_a claus_n here_o be_v insert_v although_o the_o same_o fisherman_n whether_o any_o one_o or_o more_o of_o they_o may_v have_v have_v letter_n of_o safe_a conduct_n from_o any_o other_o king_n prince_z or_o governor_n of_o any_o kingdom_n whatsoëver_o so_o that_o by_o the_o receive_a and_o usual_a custom_n the_o charge_n of_o the_o guard_n be_v to_o be_v defraied_a by_o the_o fisherman_n of_o this_o sea_n at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o our_o king_n though_o they_o may_v have_v have_v letter_n of_o public_a security_n and_o protection_n from_o any_o other_o prince_n nor_o be_v any_o other_o person_n to_o be_v admit_v to_o a_o partnership_n in_o this_o kind_n of_o guard_n except_o those_o that_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n lest_o by_o this_o mean_n perhaps_o it_o may_v derogate_v from_o the_o english_a right_o which_o be_v a_o manifest_a sign_n or_o evidence_n of_o the_o dominion_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o place_n the_o dominion_n of_o england_n make_v evident_a from_o the_o law_n and_o limit_n usual_o set_v by_o our_o king_n in_o the_o sea_n to_o such_o foreiner_n as_o be_v at_o enmity_n with_o each_o other_o but_o in_o amity_n with_o the_o english_a and_o concern_v the_o king_n closet_n or_o chamber_n in_o the_o sea_n also_o touch_v that_o singular_a privilege_n of_o perpetual_a truce_n or_o exemption_n from_o hostility_n in_o the_o sea_n about_o those_o isle_n which_o lie_v before_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n chap._n xxii_o promontoriorum_fw-la series_n rumbi_fw-la leucae_n ad_fw-la the_o sowter_n in_o phoenicem_n s._n s._n e._n 17â…“_n ad_fw-la whitby_n in_o notapeliotem_fw-la s._n e._n 12_o ad_fw-la flamborough_n head_n in_o notapeliotem_fw-la s._n e._n ½_n versus_fw-la austrum_fw-la 8_o ad_fw-la the_o sporne_n in_o phoenicem_n s._n s._n e._n versus_fw-la apeliotem_fw-la 13â…“_n ad_fw-la cromar_n in_o meleuâ—um_n s._n e._n and_o by_o e._n 24â…“_n ad_fw-la minterton_n nes_z in_o hypophoenicem_fw-la s._n e._n and_o by_o s._n 4._o ad_fw-la caster-nes_a in_o phoenicem_n s._n s._n e._n 21_o 13_o ad_fw-la layestof_n in_o austrum_fw-la s_o 3¾_n ad_fw-la east-nes_a in_o austrum_fw-la s._n ½_n versus_fw-la occidentem_fw-la 1â…š_n ad_fw-la orforth-nes_a in_o mesolybonotum_n s._n and_o by_o w._n 6â…™_n ad_fw-la north-foreland_a in_o austrum_fw-la s._n â…“_n versus_fw-la oâ—â—identem_fw-la 15â…™_n ad_fw-la south-foreland_a in_o austrum_fw-la s_o 6â…“_n ad_fw-la dunge-nes_a in_o notolybicum_n s._n w._n ¼_n versus_fw-la austrum_fw-la 7_o ad_fw-la beach_n in_o africum_n w._n s._n w._n ¼_n versus_fw-la austrum_fw-la 13_o add_v dune-noze_a in_o africum_n w._n s._n w._n ¾_n versus_fw-la occidentem_fw-la 24_o â—_o â—_o ad_fw-la portland_n in_o hypafricum_n w._n and_o by_o s._n vers_fw-la austrum_fw-la 161_o 12_o ad_fw-la the_o start_n in_o africum_n m._n s._n m._n â…•_n in_o occidentem_fw-la 18â…”_n ad_fw-la the_o ram_n in_o occidentem_fw-la m._n ¼_n versus_fw-la boream_fw-la 6½_n ad_fw-la the_o dudman_n in_o africum_n m._n s._n m._n â…™_n versus_fw-la occidentem_fw-la 8½_n ad_fw-la the_o lizard_n in_o africum_n m._n s._n m._n â—_o â—â—_o versus_fw-la austrum_fw-la 9_o ad_fw-la the_o landsend_n in_o caurum_fw-la m._n n._n m._n versus_fw-la boream_fw-la 7_o ad_fw-la milford_n in_o boream_fw-la n._n â…”_n versus_fw-la orientem_fw-la 31â…”_n ad_fw-la s._n david_n head_n in_o boream_fw-la n._n ½_n versus_fw-la occidentem_fw-la 5½_n ad_fw-la beardsie_n in_o hypaquilonem_fw-la n._n and_o by_o e._n â…›_n vers_fw-la orieâ—tâ—m_fw-la 12â…™_n ad_fw-la holy_a head_n in_o boream_fw-la n._n â…™_n versus_fw-la occidentem_fw-la 9_o ad_fw-la monam_fw-la in_o hypaquilonem_fw-la n._n and_o by_o e._n â…•_n versus_fw-la boream_fw-la 26_o here_o you_o see_v very_o large_a space_n of_o sea_n intercept_v sometime_o for_o above_o ninety_o mile_n for_o three_o english_a mile_n here_o go_v to_o every_o league_n whereby_o those_o chamber_n or_o sea-closet_n be_v make_v but_o we_o find_v the_o management_n of_o that_o business_n concern_v these_o chamber_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a proclamation_n set_v forth_o after_o this_o manner_n in_o the_o subscription_n of_o the_o twelv_v man_n that_o be_v swear_v and_o add_v to_o the_o aforesaid_a distance_n and_o course_n of_o sail_v we_o who_o name_n be_v subscribe_v be_v call_v before_o the_o right_n honourable_a sir_n julius_n caesar_n knight_n judge_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v high_a court_n of_o admiralty_n and_o there_o be_v enrol_v admit_v and_o swear_v for_o the_o describe_v of_o the_o limit_n and_o bound_n of_o the_o king_n chamber_n havens_n or_o port_n in_o their_o full_a extent_n do_v by_o these_o present_n make_v answer_v and_o to_o the_o best_a of_o our_o knowledge_n and_o understanding_n declare_v that_o the_o say_v chamber_n havens_n or_o port_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v the_o whole_a seacoast_n which_o be_v intercept_v or_o cut_v off_o by_o a_o straight_a line_n draw_v from_o one_o point_n to_o another_o about_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n whereof_o we_o have_v make_v a_o table_n concern_v that_o business_n whereto_o we_o have_v annex_v this_o our_o schedule_n show_v therein_o how_o one_o point_n stand_v in_o a_o direct_a line_n towards_o another_o according_a to_o that_o table_n give_v the_o four_o day_n of_o march_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1604._o and_o in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n james_n etc._n etc._n and_o then_o in_o the_o schedule_n there_o follow_v the_o name_n of_o the_o twelv_v man_n who_o be_v all_o person_n of_o very_a great_a knowledge_n in_o naval_a or_o maritime_a affair_n so_o the_o space_n within_o the_o straight_a line_n draw_v from_o one_o point_n to_o another_o be_v the_o chamber_n or_o port_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n
requisite_a to_o add_v a_o few_o such_o evidence_n only_o as_o be_v find_v among_o several_a paper_n of_o public_a transaction_n which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v produce_v and_o will_v serve_v to_o show_v how_o that_o claim_n which_o have_v be_v make_v successive_o by_o all_o our_o king_n of_o the_o english_a race_n be_v continue_v down_o to_o the_o present_a time_n by_o the_o two_o prince_n of_o the_o scotish_n extraction_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n james_n this_o right_n be_v stout_o assert_v by_o proclamation_n and_o all_o person_n exclude_v from_o the_o use_n of_o the_o sea_n upon_o our_o coast_n without_o particular_a licence_n the_o ground_n whereof_o you_o have_v here_o set_v down_o in_o the_o proclamation_n itself_o a_o proclamation_n touch_v fish_n james_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n france_n and_o ireland_n defendor_n of_o the_o faith_n etc._n etc._n to_o all_o and_o singular_a person_n to_o who_o it_o may_v appertein_a greeting_n although_o we_o do_v sufficient_o know_v by_o our_o experience_n in_o the_o office_n of_o regal_a dignity_n in_o which_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o almighty_a god_n we_o have_v be_v place_v and_o exercise_v these_o many_o year_n as_o also_o by_o the_o observation_n which_o we_o have_v make_v of_o other_o christian_a prince_n exemplary_a action_n how_o far_o the_o absoluteness_n of_o sovereign_a power_n extend_v itself_o and_o that_o in_o regard_n thereof_o we_o need_v not_o yield_v account_n to_o any_o person_n under_o god_n for_o any_o action_n of_o we_o which_o be_v lawful_o ground_v upon_o that_o just_a prerogative_n yet_o such_o have_v ever_o be_v and_o shall_v be_v our_o care_n and_o desire_v to_o give_v satisfaction_n to_o our_o neighbor-prince_n and_o friend_n in_o any_o action_n which_o may_v have_v the_o least_o relation_n to_o their_o subject_n and_o estate_n as_o we_o have_v think_v good_a by_o way_n of_o friendly_a premonition_n to_o declare_v unto_o they_o all_o and_o to_o whosoever_o it_o may_v appertain_v as_o follow_v whereas_o we_o have_v be_v content_v since_o our_o come_n to_o the_o crown_n to_o tolerate_v a_o indifferent_a and_o promiscuous_a kind_n of_o liberty_n to_o all_o our_o friend_n whatsoever_o to_o fish_n within_o our_o stream_n and_o upon_o any_o of_o our_o coast_n of_o great_a britain_n ireland_n and_o other_o adjacent_a island_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o permission_n or_o use_n thereof_o may_v not_o redound_v to_o the_o impeachment_n of_o our_o prerogative_n royal_a nor_o to_o the_o hurt_n and_o damage_n of_o our_o love_a subject_n who_o preservation_n and_o flourish_a estate_n we_o hold_v ourselves_o principal_o bind_v to_o advance_v before_o all_o worldly_a respect_n so_o find_v that_o our_o continuance_n therein_o have_v not_o only_o give_v occasion_n of_o overgreat_a encroachment_n upon_o our_o regality_n or_o rather_o question_v for_o our_o right_n but_o have_v be_v a_o mean_n of_o daily_a wrong_n to_o our_o own_o people_n that_o exercise_v the_o trade_n of_o fish_v as_o either_o by_o the_o multitude_n of_o stranger_n which_o do_v preoccupy_v those_o place_n or_o by_o the_o injury_n which_o they_o receiv_v most_o common_o at_o their_o hand_n our_o subject_n be_v constrain_v to_o abandon_v their_o fish_n or_o at_o least_o be_v become_v so_o discourage_v in_o the_o same_o as_o they_o hold_v it_o better_o for_o they_o to_o betake_v themselves_o to_o some_o other_o course_n of_o live_v whereby_o not_o only_o divers_a of_o our_o coast_n town_n be_v much_o decay_v but_o the_o number_n of_o mariner_n daily_o diminish_v which_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n to_o our_o estate_n consider_v how_o much_o the_o strength_n thereof_o consist_v in_o the_o power_n of_o ship_n and_o use_n of_o navigation_n we_o have_v think_v it_o now_o both_o just_a and_o necessary_a in_o respect_n that_o we_o be_v now_o by_o god_n favour_n lineal_o and_o lawful_o possess_v as_o well_o of_o the_o island_n of_o great_a britain_n as_o of_o ireland_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o isle_n adjacent_a to_o bethink_v our_o selus_fw-la of_o good_a lawful_a mean_n to_o prevent_v those_o inconvenience_n and_o many_o other_o depend_v upon_o the_o same_o in_o consideration_n whereof_o as_o we_o be_v desirous_a that_o the_o world_n may_v take_v notice_n that_o we_o have_v no_o intention_n to_o deny_v our_o neighbour_n and_o ally_n those_o fruit_n and_o benefit_n of_o peace_n and_o friendship_n which_o may_v be_v just_o expect_v at_o our_o hand_n in_o honour_n and_o reason_n or_o be_v afford_v by_o other_o prince_n mutual_o in_o the_o point_n of_o commerce_n and_o exchange_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o may_v not_o prove_v prejudicial_a to_o they_o so_o because_o some_o such_o convenient_a order_n may_v be_v take_v in_o this_o matter_n as_o may_v sufficient_o provide_v for_o all_o these_o important_a consideration_n which_o do_v depend_v thereupon_o we_o have_v resolve_v first_o to_o give_v notice_n to_o all_o the_o world_n that_o our_o express_a pleasure_n be_v that_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o month_n of_o august_n next_o come_v no_o person_n of_o what_o nation_n or_o quality_n soever_o be_v not_o our_o natural_a bear_a subject_n be_v permit_v to_o fish_n upon_o any_o of_o our_o coast_n and_o sea_n of_o great_a britain_n ireland_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o isle_n adjacent_a where_o most_o usual_o heretofore_o any_o fish_n have_v be_v until_o they_o have_v orderly_o demand_v and_o obtain_v licenses_fw-la from_o we_o or_o such_o our_o commissioner_n as_o â—ee_n have_v authorize_v in_o that_o behalf_n viz._n at_o london_n for_o our_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n and_o at_o edinburgh_n for_o our_o realm_n of_o scotland_n which_o licenses_fw-la our_o intention_n be_v shall_v be_v yearly_o demand_v for_o so_o many_o uessel_n and_o ship_n and_o the_o tonnage_n thereof_o as_o shall_v intend_v to_o fish_n for_o that_o whole_a year_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o upon_o any_o of_o our_o coast_n and_o sea_n as_o aforesaid_a upon_o pain_n of_o such_o chastisement_n as_o shall_v be_v fit_a to_o be_v inflict_v upon_o such_o wilful_a offender_n give_v at_o our_o palace_n of_o westminster_n the_o 6_o day_n of_o may_n in_o the_o 7_o the_o year_n of_o our_o reign_n of_o great_a britain_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1609._o notwithstanding_o this_o proclamation_n the_o netherlander_n proceed_v still_o in_o their_o way_n of_o encroachment_n upon_o our_o sea_n and_o coast_n through_o the_o whole_a reign_n of_o that_o king_n and_o be_v at_o length_n so_o bold_a as_o to_o contest_v with_o he_o and_o endeavour_v to_o baffle_v he_o out_o of_o his_o right_n pretend_v because_o of_o the_o long_a connivance_n of_o himself_o and_o queen_n elisabeth_n that_o they_o have_v a_o right_n of_o their_o own_o by_o immemorial_n possession_n which_o some_o commissioner_n of_o they_o that_o be_v send_v over_o hither_o have_v the_o confidence_n to_o plead_v in_o terminis_fw-la to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n and_o though_o the_o king_n out_o of_o his_o tenderness_n to_o they_o insist_v still_o upon_o his_o own_o right_n by_o his_o council_n to_o those_o commissioner_n and_o by_o his_o ambassador_n to_o their_o superior_n yet_o they_o make_v no_o other_o use_n of_o his_o indulgence_n than_o to_o tire_v out_o his_o whole_a reign_n and_o abuse_v his_o patience_n by_o their_o artificial_a delay_n pretence_n shift_n dilatory_a address_n and_o evasive_a answer_n and_o all_o that_o the_o king_n gain_v by_o the_o tedious_a dispute_n overture_n and_o dispatch_n to_o and_o again_o be_v in_o conclusion_n only_o a_o verbal_a acknowledgement_n of_o those_o right_n which_o at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o they_o acknowledge_v they_o usual_o design_v to_o invade_v with_o much_o more_o insolence_n than_o before_o but_o you_o have_v the_o main_a of_o what_o pass_v in_o those_o day_n in_o this_o particular_a with_o their_o insolent_a demeanour_n lively_o describe_v in_o these_o follow_a collection_n take_v out_o of_o several_a dispatch_n that_o pass_v betwixt_o secretary_n naunton_n and_o dudley_n carlton_n lord_n ambassador_n from_o the_o king_n to_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n in_o a_o letter_n of_o secretary_n naunton_n to_o the_o say_a ambassador_n date_v at_o white-hall_n the_o 21_o of_o december_n 1618._o i_o find_v these_o passage_n i_o must_v now_o let_v your_o lordship_n know_v that_o the_o state_n be_v commissioner_n and_o deputy_n both_o have_v attend_v his_o majesty_n at_o newmarket_n and_o there_o present_v their_o letter_n of_o credence_n return_v to_o london_n on_o saturday_n be_v a_o seven-night_n and_o upon_o tuesday_n have_v audience_n in_o the_o council-chamber_n where_o be_v require_v to_o communicate_v the_o point_n of_o their_o commission_n they_o deliver_v their_o meditate_a answer_n at_o length_n the_o lord_n upon_o perusal_n of_o it_o appoint_v my_o lord_n bine_v and_o i_o to_o attend_v his_o majesty_n for_o
of_o so_o great_a consequence_n have_v think_v it_o necessary_a by_o the_o advice_n of_o our_o privy_a council_n to_o renew_v the_o aforesaid_a restraint_n of_o fish_v upon_o our_o aforesaid_a coast_n and_o sea_n without_o licence_n first_o obtain_v from_o we_o and_o by_o these_o present_n to_o make_v public_a declaration_n that_o our_o resolution_n be_v at_o time_n convenient_a to_o keep_v such_o a_o competent_a strength_n of_o ship_n upon_o our_o sea_n as_o may_v by_o god_n blessing_n be_v sufficient_a both_o to_o hinder_v such_o further_a encroachment_n upon_o our_o regality_n and_o assist_v and_o protect_v those_o our_o good_a friend_n and_o ally_n who_o shall_v henceforth_o by_o virtue_n of_o our_o licence_n to_o be_v first_o obtain_v endeavour_v to_o take_v the_o benefit_n of_o fish_v upon_o our_o coast_n and_o sea_n in_o the_o place_n accustom_v give_v at_o our_o palace_n of_o westminster_n the_o ten_o day_n of_o may_n in_o the_o twelve_o year_n of_o our_o reign_n of_o england_n scotland_n france_n and_o ireland_n this_o proclamation_n be_v set_v forth_o in_o the_o year_n 1636._o serve_v to_o speak_v the_o intent_n of_o those_o naval_a preparation_n make_v before_o in_o the_o year_n 1635._o which_o be_v so_o numerous_a and_o well-provided_a that_o our_o netherland-neighbor_n be_v touch_v with_o the_o apprehension_n of_o some_o great_a design_n in_o hand_n for_o the_o interest_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n and_o of_o the_o guilt_n that_o lie_v upon_o their_o own_o conscience_n for_o their_o bold_a encroachment_n soon_o betray_v their_o jealousy_n and_o fear_n and_o in_o they_o a_o since_o of_o their_o offence_n before_o ever_o the_o proclamation_n be_v make_v public_a as_o i_o may_v show_v at_o large_a if_o it_o be_v requisite_a by_o certain_a paper_n of_o a_o public_a character_n yet_o in_o be_v but_o there_o be_v one_o instar_fw-la omnium_fw-la which_o may_v serve_v in_o stead_n of_o all_o and_o it_o be_v a_o acute_a letter_n of_o secretary_n coke_n that_o be_v write_v to_o sir_n william_n boswel_o the_o king_n be_v resident_n then_o at_o the_o hague_n the_o original_a whereof_o be_v still_o reserve_v among_o the_o public_a paper_n in_o which_o letter_n he_o set_z forth_o the_o ground_n and_o reason_n of_o prepare_v that_o gallant_a navy_n with_o the_o king_n resolution_n to_o maintain_v the_o right_n derive_v from_o his_o ancestor_n in_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o i_o here_o render_v a_o true_a copy_n of_o it_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v this_o business_n as_o most_o pertinent_a to_o our_o purpose_n sir_n by_o your_o letter_n and_o otherwise_o i_o perceiv_v many_o jealousy_n and_o discourse_n be_v raise_v upon_o the_o preparation_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v fleet_n which_o be_v now_o in_o such_o forwardness_n that_o we_o doubt_v not_o but_o within_o this_o month_n it_o will_v appear_v at_o sea_n it_o be_v therefore_o expedient_a both_o for_o your_o satisfaction_n and_o direction_n to_o inform_v you_o particular_o what_o be_v the_o occasion_n and_o what_o be_v his_o majesty_n be_v intention_n in_o this_o work_n first_o we_o hold_v it_o a_o principle_n not_o to_o be_v deny_v that_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n be_v a_o monarch_n at_o land_n and_o sea_n to_o the_o full_a extent_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o that_o it_o concern_v he_o as_o much_o to_o maintain_v his_o sovereignty_n in_o all_o the_o british_a sea_n as_o within_o his_o three_o kingdom_n because_o without_o that_o these_o can_v be_v keep_v safe_a nor_o he_o preserv_v his_o honour_n and_o due_a respect_n with_o other_o nation_n but_o command_v the_o sea_n he_o may_v cause_v his_o neighbour_n and_o all_o country_n to_o stand_v upon_o their_o guard_n whensoever_o he_o be_v fit_a and_o this_o can_v be_v doubt_v that_o whosoëver_o will_v encroach_v upon_o he_o by_o sea_n will_v do_v it_o by_o land_n also_o when_o they_o see_v their_o time_n to_o such_o presumption_n mare_fw-la liberum_fw-la give_v the_o first_o warning_n piece_n which_o must_v be_v answer_v with_o a_o defence_n of_o mare_fw-la clausum_fw-la not_o so_o much_o by_o discourse_n as_o by_o the_o loud_a language_n of_o a_o powerful_a navy_n to_o be_v better_o understand_v when_o overstrain_v patience_n see_v no_o hope_n of_o preserve_v she_o right_o by_o other_o mean_n the_o degree_n by_o which_o his_o majesty_n be_v dominion_n at_o sea_n have_v of_o late_a year_n be_v first_o impeach_v and_o then_o question_v be_v as_o considerable_a as_o notorious_a first_o to_o cherish_v and_o as_o it_o be_v to_o nur_n up_o our_o unthankful_a neighbour_n we_o give_v they_o leave_v to_o gather_v wealth_n and_o strength_n upon_o our_o coast_n in_o our_o port_n by_o our_o trade_n and_o by_o our_o people_n then_o they_o be_v glad_a to_o invite_v our_o merchant_n residence_n with_o what_o privilege_n they_o will_v desire_v then_o they_o offer_v to_o we_o even_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o their_o estate_n and_o then_o they_o sue_v for_o licence_n to_o fish_n upon_o the_o coast_n and_o obtain_v it_o under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o scotland_n which_o now_o they_o suppress_v and_o when_o thus_o by_o leave_v or_o by_o connivance_n they_o have_v possess_v themselves_o of_o our_o fishing_n not_o only_o in_o scotland_n but_o in_o ireland_n and_o england_n and_o by_o our_o staple_n have_v raise_v a_o great_a stock_n of_o trade_n by_o these_o mean_v they_o so_o increase_v their_o ship_n and_o power_n at_o sea_n that_o now_o they_o endure_v not_o to_o be_v keep_v at_o any_o distance_n nay_o they_o be_v grow_v to_o that_o confidence_n to_o keep_v guard_n upon_o our_o sea_n and_o then_o to_o project_v a_o office_n and_o company_n of_o assurance_n for_o the_o advancement_n of_o trade_n and_o withal_o prohibit_v we_o free_a commerce_n even_o within_o our_o sea_n and_o take_v our_o ship_n and_o good_n if_o we_o conform_v not_o to_o their_o placart_n what_o insolence_n and_o cruelty_n they_o have_v commit_v against_o we_o heretofore_o in_o ireland_n in_o groâ—nland_n and_o in_o the_o indies_n be_v too_o well_o know_v to_o all_o the_o world_n in_o all_o which_o though_o our_o suffering_n and_o their_o wrong_n may_v seem_v forget_v yet_o the_o great_a interest_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v honour_n be_v still_o the_o same_o and_o will_v refresh_v their_o memory_n as_o there_o shall_v be_v cause_n for_o though_o charity_n must_v remit_v wrong_n do_v to_o private_a man_n yet_o the_o reflection_n upon_o the_o public_a may_v make_v it_o a_o great_a charity_n to_o do_v justice_n on_o cry_v crime_n all_o this_o notwithstanding_o you_o be_v not_o to_o conceiv_v that_o the_o work_n of_o this_o fleet_n be_v either_o revenge_n or_o execution_n of_o justice_n for_o these_o great_a offence_n past_a but_o chief_o for_o the_o future_a to_o stop_v the_o violent_a current_n of_o that_o presumption_n whereby_o the_o man_n of_o war_n and_o freebooter_n of_o all_o nation_n abuse_v the_o favour_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v peaceable_a and_o gracious_a government_n whereby_o he_o have_v permit_v all_o his_o friend_n and_o ally_n to_o make_v use_n of_o his_o sea_n and_o port_n in_o a_o reasonable_a and_o free_a manner_n and_o according_a to_o his_o treaty_n have_v take_v upon_o they_o the_o boldness_n not_o only_o to_o come_v confident_o at_o all_o time_n into_o all_o his_o port_n and_o river_n but_o to_o conveie_v their_o merchant_n ship_n as_o high_a as_o his_o chief_a city_n and_o then_o to_o cast_v anchor_n close_o upon_o his_o magazine_n and_o to_o contemn_v the_o command_n of_o his_o officer_n when_o they_o require_v a_o far_a distance_n but_o which_o be_v more_o intolerable_a have_v assault_v and_o take_v one_o another_o within_o his_o majesty_n be_v chamber_n and_o within_o his_o river_n to_o the_o scorn_n and_o contempt_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o power_n and_o this_o be_v of_o late_a year_n a_o ordinary_a practice_n which_o we_o have_v endeavour_v in_o vain_a to_o reform_v by_o the_o way_n of_o justice_n and_o treaty_n the_o world_n i_o think_v will_v now_o be_v satisfy_v that_o we_o have_v reason_n to_o look_v about_o we_o and_o no_o wise_a man_n will_v doubt_v that_o it_o be_v high_a time_n to_o put_v our_o selus_fw-la in_o this_o equipage_n upon_o the_o sea_n and_o not_o to_o suffer_v that_o stage_n of_o action_n to_o be_v take_v from_o we_o for_o want_v of_o our_o appearance_n so_o you_o see_v the_o general_a ground_n upon_o which_o our_o counsel_n stand_v in_o particular_a you_o may_v take_v notice_n and_o publish_v as_o cause_v require_n that_o his_o majesty_n by_o this_o fleet_n intend_v not_o a_o rupture_n with_o any_o prince_n or_o state_n nor_o to_o infringe_v any_o point_n of_o his_o treaty_n but_o resolve_v to_o continue_v and_o maintain_v that_o happy_a peace_n wherewith_o god_n have_v bless_v his_o kingdom_n and_o to_o which_o all_o his_o action_n and_o negotiation_n have_v hitherto_o tend_v as_o
by_o your_o own_o instruction_n you_o may_v full_o understand_v but_o withal_o consider_v that_o peace_n must_v be_v maintain_v by_o the_o arm_n of_o power_n which_o only_o keep_v his_o down_o war_n by_o keep_v up_o dominion_n his_o majesty_n thus_o provoke_v finde_n it_o necessary_a even_o for_o his_o own_o defence_n and_o safety_n to_o reassume_a and_o keep_v his_o ancient_a and_o undoubted_a right_n in_o the_o dominion_n of_o these_o sea_n and_o to_o suffer_v no_o other_o prince_n or_o state_n to_o encroach_v upon_o he_o thereby_o assume_v to_o themselves_o or_o their_o admiral_n any_o sovereign_a command_n but_o to_o force_v they_o to_o perform_v due_a homage_n to_o his_o admiral_n and_o ship_n and_o to_o pay_v they_o acknowledgement_n as_o in_o former_a time_n they_o do_v he_o will_v also_o set_v open_a and_o protect_v the_o free_a trade_n both_o of_o his_o subject_n and_o ally_n and_o give_v they_o such_o safe_a conduct_n and_o convoie_n as_o they_o shall_v reasonable_o require_v he_o will_v suffer_v no_o other_o fleet_n or_o man_n of_o war_n to_o keep_v any_o guard_n upon_o these_o sea_n or_o there_o to_o offer_v violence_n or_o take_v prize_n or_o booty_n or_o to_o give_v interruption_n to_o any_o lawful_a intercour_n in_o a_o word_n his_o majesty_n be_v resolve_v as_o to_o do_v no_o wrong_n so_o to_o do_v justice_n both_o to_o his_o subject_n and_o friend_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o his_o sea_n and_o this_o be_v the_o real_a and_o royal_a design_n of_o this_o fleet_n whereof_o you_o may_v give_v part_n as_o you_o find_v occasion_n to_o our_o good_a neighbour_n in_o those_o part_n that_o no_o umbrage_n may_v be_v take_v of_o any_o hostile_a act_n or_o purpose_n to_o their_o prejudice_n in_o any_o kind_n so_o wish_v you_o all_o health_n and_o happiness_n i_o rest_v your_o assure_a friend_n and_o servant_n john_n cook_n whitehall_n 16_o april_n 1635._o our_o style_n in_o this_o letter_n you_o see_v first_o how_o it_o be_v hold_v for_o a_o undeniable_a principle_n that_o the_o king_n be_v king_n by_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o by_o land_n that_o neither_o the_o honour_n nor_o safety_n of_o this_o island_n and_o ireland_n can_v be_v maintain_v but_o by_o preserve_v the_o dominion_n by_o sea_n and_o that_o it_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o they_o that_o encroach_v upon_o we_o by_o sea_n will_v do_v it_o also_o by_o land_n when_o they_o see_v their_o time_n he_o declare'_v also_o how_o our_o unthankful_a neighbour_n be_v rise_v to_o this_o height_n and_o insolence_n partly_o by_o grant_n partly_o by_o connivance_n but_o principal_o through_o their_o many_o injurious_a abuse_n of_o our_o patience_n and_o indulgence_n and_o last_o you_o may_v observe_v here_o what_o resolution_n be_v then_o take_v to_o prevent_v the_o lilâ—e_a injury_n and_o preserv_v our_o english_a interest_n in_o time_n to_o come_v but_o how_o those_o resolution_n be_v follow_v in_o the_o succeed_a part_n of_o his_o reign_n i_o shall_v not_o stand_v to_o examine_v only_o it_o suffice_v here_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o claim_n of_o sea-dominion_n be_v make_v by_o he_o as_o well_o as_o by_o his_o father_n and_o for_o a_o time_n strenuous_o assert_v though_o afterward_o he_o slacken_v his_o hand_n in_o the_o prosecution_n whereof_o the_o netherlander_n take_v advantage_n and_o of_o our_o late_a commotion_n which_o be_v their_o halcyon-day_n and_o time_n of_o harvest_n be_v now_o advance_v to_o such_o a_o monstrous_a pitch_n of_o pride_n malice_n and_o ingratitude_n that_o they_o dare_v bid_v defiance_n to_o those_o ancient_a right_n which_o we_o have_v receive_v from_o all_o antiquity_n and_o justify_v their_o action_n by_o a_o most_o unjust_a and_o bloody_a war_n in_o the_o view_n of_o all_o the_o world_n what_o remain_n then_o but_o that_o the_o parliament_n and_o people_n of_o england_n shall_v lay_v these_o thing_n to_o heart_n with_o a_o indignation_n answerable_a to_o so_o prodigious_a violation_n and_o invasion_n they_o have_v now_o a_o opportunity_n and_o strength_n give_v they_o by_o god_n o_o let_v not_o heart_n be_v want_v to_o make_v good_a the_o claim_n and_o accomplish_v that_o work_n of_o establish_v our_o interest_n by_o sea_n beyond_o the_o possibility_n of_o future_a impeachment_n let_v it_o not_o be_v say_v that_o england_n in_o the_o state_n of_o monarchy_n be_v able_a to_o hold_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o many_o hundred_o year_n and_o then_o lose_v it_o in_o the_o state_n of_o liberty_n it_o be_v as_o now_o establish_v with_o its_o appendant_o the_o great_a and_o most_o glorious_a republic_n that_o the_o sun_n ever_o see_v except_o the_o roman_a god_n have_v make_v it_o so_o by_o land_n and_o will_v by_o sea_n for_o without_o this_o the_o land_n be_v nothing_o it_o be_v ever_o so_o apprehend_v by_o king_n yea_o by_o the_o last_o and_o worst_a of_o our_o king_n and_o shall_v the_o founder_n of_o this_o famous_a structure_n of_o government_n now_o in_o be_v who_o have_v cashier_v king_n and_o vindicate_v the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o this_o nation_n upon_o his_o head_n and_o his_o whole_a posterity_n and_o party_n not_o assert_v they_o against_o perfidious_a neighbour_n it_o be_v unpardonable_a in_o any_o to_o harbour_v a_o thought_n of_o that_o nature_n or_o to_o yield_v that_o such_o a_o blemish_n shall_v be_v bring_v upon_o all_o those_o glorious_a action_n and_o achievement_n whereby_o god_n have_v free_v and_o ennoble_v our_o land_n and_o nation_n but_o that_o the_o people_n of_o england_n may_v be_v excite_v to_o a_o valuation_n maintenance_n and_o improvement_n of_o their_o interest_n by_o sea_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o let_v they_o understand_v what_o advantage_n be_v to_o be_v make_v thereby_o and_o be_v make_v by_o other_o who_o of_o usufructuary_n by_o permission_n have_v in_o design_n now_o to_o make_v themselves_o absolute_a lord_n of_o the_o fee_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v very_o convenient_a here_o to_o set_v down_o a_o excellent_a discourse_n which_o be_v write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o late_a king_n and_o present_v by_o the_o follow_a title_n the_o inestimable_a riches_n and_o commodity_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n the_o coast_n of_o great_a britain_n do_v yield_v such_o a_o continual_a sea-harvest_n of_o gain_n and_o benefit_n to_o all_o those_o that_o with_o diligence_n do_v labour_n in_o the_o same_o that_o no_o time_n or_o season_n in_o the_o year_n pass_v away_o without_o some_o apparent_a mean_n of_o profitable_a employment_n especial_o to_o such_o as_o apply_v themselves_o to_o fish_v which_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o year_n unto_o the_o latter_a end_n continue_v upon_o some_o part_n or_o other_o upon_o our_o coast_n and_o therein_o such_o infinite_a shoal_n and_o multitude_n of_o fish_n be_v offer_v to_o the_o taker_n as_o may_v just_o move_v admiration_n not_o only_o to_o stranger_n but_o to_o those_o that_o daily_o be_v employ_v among_o they_o the_o summer-fishing_a for_o herring_n begin_v about_o midsummer_n and_o last_v some_o part_n of_o august_n the_o winter-fishing_a for_o herring_n last_v from_o september_n to_o the_o midst_n of_o november_n both_o which_o extend_v in_o place_n from_o boughones_n in_o scotland_n to_o the_o thame'_v mouth_n the_o fish_n for_o cod_n at_o alamby_n whirlington_n and_o white_a haven_n near_o the_o coast_n of_o lancashire_n from_o easter_n until_o whitsuntide_n the_o fish_n for_o hake_n at_o aberdenie_n abveswhich_n and_o other_o place_n between_o wales_n and_o ireland_n from_o whitsuntide_n to_o saint_n james_n tide_n the_o fish_n of_o cod_n and_o ling_n about_o padstow_n within_o the_o land_n and_o of_o severn_n from_o christmas_n to_o mid-lent_n the_o fish_n for_o cod_n on_o the_o west_n part_n of_o ireland_n frequent_v by_o those_o of_o biscay_n galicia_n and_o portugal_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o april_n until_o the_o end_n of_o june_n the_o fish_n for_o cod_n and_o ling_n on_o the_o north_n and_o north-east_n of_o ireland_n from_o christmas_n until_o michaëlmas_n the_o fish_n for_o pilcher_n on_o the_o west_n coast_n of_o england_n from_o saint_n james-tide_n until_o michaëlmas_n the_o fish_n for_o cod_n and_o ling_n upon_o the_o north-east_n of_o england_n from_o easter_n until_o midsummer_n the_o fish_n of_o great_a staple-ling_n and_o many_o other_o sort_n of_o fish_n lie_v about_o the_o island_n of_o scotland_n and_o in_o the_o several_a part_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n all_o the_o year_n long_o in_o september_n not_o many_o year_n since_o upon_o the_o coast_n of_o devonshire_n near_o minigal_n 500_o tun_n of_o fish_n be_v take_v in_o one_o day_n and_o about_o the_o same_o time_n three_o thousand_o pound_n worth_n of_o fish_n in_o one_o day_n be_v take_v at_o s_o t_o ives_n in_o cornwall_n by_o small_a boat_n and_o other_o poor_a provision_n our_o five-men-boat_n and_o cobles_n adventure_v in_o a_o calm_a to_o launch_v out_o among_o the_o
holland_n buss_n not_o far_o from_o robinhood_n bay_n return_v to_o whitbie_n full_o fraught_v with_o herring_n and_o report_v that_o they_o see_v some_o of_o those_o buss_n take_v ten_o twenty_o twenty_o four_o last_n at_o a_o draught_n of_o herring_n and_o return_v into_o their_o own_o country_n with_o forty_o fifty_o and_o a_o hundred_o last_n of_o herring_n in_o one_o buss._n our_o fleet_n of_o collier_n not_o many_o year_n since_o return_v from_o newcastle_n lade_v with_o coal_n about_o the_o well_o near_a flanborough_n head_n and_o scarborough_n meet_v with_o such_o multitude_n of_o cod_n ling_n and_o herring_n that_o one_o among_o the_o rest_n with_o certain_a ship-hook_n and_o other_o like_a iustrument_n draw_v up_o as_o much_o cod_n and_o ling_n in_o a_o little_a space_n of_o time_n as_o be_v sell_v well_o near_o for_o as_o much_o as_o her_o whole_a lade_n of_o cole_n and_o many_o hundred_o of_o ship_n may_v have_v be_v there_o lade_v in_o two_o day_n and_o two_o night_n out_o of_o which_o wonderful_a affluence_n and_o abundance_n of_o fish_n swarm_v in_o our_o sea_n that_o we_o may_v the_o better_o perceiv_v the_o infinite_a gain_n which_o foreign_a nation_n make_v i_o will_v especial_o insist_v upon_o the_o fish_n of_o the_o hollander_n in_o our_o coast_n and_o thereby_o show_v how_o by_o this_o mean_n principal_o they_o have_v increase_v 1._o in_o ship_n 2._o in_o mariner_n 3._o in_o trade_n 4._o in_o town_n and_o fortification_n 5._o in_o power_n extern_a or_o abroad_o 6._o in_o public_a revenue_n 7._o in_o private_a wealth_n 8._o in_o all_o manner_n of_o provision_n and_o store_n of_o thing_n necessary_a 1._o encreas_n of_o ship_n beside_o 700_o strand-boat_n 400_o evar_n and_o 400_o sullit_n driver_n and_o tod-boat_n wherewith_o the_o hollander_n fish_n upon_o their_o own_o coast_n every_o one_o of_o those_o employ_v another_o ship_n to_o fetch_v salt_n and_o carry_v their_o fish_n into_o other_o country_n be_v in_o all_o 3000_o sail_n maintain_v and_o set_v on_o work_n at_o least_o 4000_o person_n fisher_n tradesman_n woman_n and_o child_n they_o have_v 100_o doyer_n boat_n of_o 150_o tun_n a_o piece_n or_o thereabouts_o 700_o pink_n and_o well-boat_n from_o 60_o to_o 100_o tun_n a_o piece_n which_o altogether_o fish_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n and_o scotland_n for_o cod_n and_o ling_n only_o and_o each_o of_o these_o employ_v another_o vessel_n for_o provide_v of_o salt_n and_o transport_v of_o their_o fish_n make_v in_o all_o 1600_o ship_n which_o maintain_v and_o employ_v person_n of_o all_o sort_n 4000_o at_o least_o for_o the_o herring-season_n they_o have_v 1600_o buss_n at_o the_o least_o all_o of_o they_o fish_v only_o upon_o our_o coast_n from_o boughonness_n in_o scotland_n to_o the_o mouth_n of_o thames_n and_o every_o one_o of_o these_o make_v work_n for_o three_o other_o ship_n that_o attend_v she_o the_o one_o to_o bring_v in_o salt_n from_o foreign_a part_n another_o to_o carry_v the_o say_a salt_n and_o cask_n to_o the_o buss_n and_o to_o bring_v back_o their_o herring_n and_o the_o three_o to_o transport_v the_o say_a fish_n into_o foreign_a country_n so_o that_o the_o total_a number_n of_o ship_n and_o buss_n ply_v the_o herring-fair_a be_v 6400_o whereby_o every_o buss_n one_o with_o another_o employ_v forty_o man_n mariner_n and_o fisher_n within_o her_o own_o hold_n and_o the_o rest_n ten_o man_n a_o piece_n which_o amount_v to_o 112000_o fisher_n and_o mariner_n all_o which_o maintain_v double_a if_o not_o treble_v so_o many_o tradesman_n woman_n and_o child_n a_o land_n moreover_o they_o have_v 400_o other_o vessel_n at_o least_o that_o take_v herring_n at_o yarmouth_n and_o there_o sell_v they_o for_o ready_a money_n so_o that_o the_o hollander_n beside_o 300_o ship_n beforementioned_a fish_v upon_o their_o own_o shore_n have_v at_o least_o 4800_o ship_n only_o maintain_v by_o the_o sea_n of_o great_a britain_n by_o which_o mean_v principal_o holland_n be_v not_o so_o big_a as_o one_o of_o our_o shire_n of_o england_n contain_v not_o above_o 28_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o three_o in_o breadth_n have_v increase_v the_o number_n of_o their_o ship_n to_o at_o least_o ten_o thousand_o sail_n be_v more_o than_o be_v in_o england_n france_n spain_n portugal_n italy_n denmark_n poland_n sweden_n and_o russia_n and_o to_o this_o number_n they_o add_v every_o day_n although_o their_o country_n itself_o afford'_v they_o neither_o material_n or_o victual_n nor_o merchandise_n to_o be_v account_v of_o towards_o their_o set_n forth_o beside_o these_o of_o holland_n lubeck_n have_v 700_o great_a ship_n hamborough_n six_o hundred_o embden_n fourteen_o hundred_o whereunto_o add_v the_o ship_n of_o bremer_n biscay_n portugal_n spain_n and_o france_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n fish_n in_o our_o sea_n and_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o ten_o thousand_o sail_n of_o foreign_a vessel_n and_o above_o be_v employ_v and_o maintain_v by_o fish_v upon_o our_o coast_n so_o that_o in_o holland_n there_o be_v build_v a_o thousand_o sail_n at_o the_o least_o to_o supply_v shipwreck_n and_o augment_v their_o store_n which_o as_o the_o prince_n and_o common_a nursery_n be_v the_o chief_a mean_n only_o to_o encrea_n their_o number_n 2._o encreas_n of_o mariner_n the_o number_n of_o ship_n fish_v on_o our_o coast_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a 8400._o if_o we_o allow_v but_o twenty_o person_n to_o every_o ship_n one_o with_o another_o the_o total_a of_o mariner_n and_o fisher_n amount_v to_o 168000_o out_o of_o which_o number_n they_o daily_o furnish_v their_o long_a voyage_n to_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n for_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o be_v not_o only_o enable_v to_o brook_v the_o sea_n and_o to_o know_v the_o use_n of_o the_o tackle_n and_o compass_n but_o be_v likewise_o instruct_v in_o the_o principle_n of_o navigation_n and_o pilotage_n insomuch_o as_o from_o hence_o their_o great_a navigator_n have_v have_v their_o education_n and_o breed_n 3._o encreas_n of_o trade_n by_o reason_n of_o those_o multitude_n of_o ship_n and_o mariner_n they_o have_v extend_v their_o trade_n to_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n export_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o all_o their_o voyage_n our_o herring_n and_o other_o fish_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o same_o in_o exchange_v whereof_o they_o return_v the_o several_a commodity_n of_o other_o country_n from_o the_o southern_a part_n as_o france_n spain_n and_o portugal_n for_o our_o herring_n they_o return_v oil_n wine_n prune_n honey_n wool_n etc._n etc._n with_o store_n of_o coin_n in_o specie_fw-la from_o the_o strait_n velvet_n satin_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o silk_n allome_n currant_n oil_n and_o all_o grocery_n ware_n with_o much_o money_n from_o the_o east-country_n for_o our_o herring_n and_o other_o french_a and_o italian_a commodity_n before_o return_v they_o bring_v home_o corn_n wax_n flax_n hemp_n pitch_n tar_n soap-ash_n iron_n copper_n steel_n clap-board_n wainscot_n timber_n deal-board_n dollar_n and_o hungary_n gilder_n from_o germany_n for_o herring_n and_o other_o salt_n fish_n iron_n steel_n glass_n millstone_n rhenish_a wine_n button-plate_n for_o armour_n with_o other_o munition_n silk_n velvet_n rash_n fustian_n baratee_n and_o such_o like_a frankford_n commodity_n with_o store_n of_o rixdoller_n from_o brabant_n they_o return_v for_o the_o most_o part_n ready_a money_n with_o some_o tapestry_n and_o hull-shop_n yea_o some_o of_o our_o herring_n be_v carry_v as_o far_o as_o braseil_n and_o that_o which_o be_v more_o strange_a and_o great_o to_o our_o shame_n they_o have_v four_o hundred_o ship_n with_o fish_n which_o our_o man_n of_o yarmouth_n within_o ken_n almost_o at_o land_n do_v vent_v our_o herring_n among_o we_o here_o in_o england_n and_o make_v we_o pay_v for_o the_o fish_n take_v upon_o our_o own_o coast_n ready_a money_n wherewith_o they_o store_v their_o own_o country_n 4._o encreas_n of_o town_n and_o fort_n by_o this_o their_o large_a extent_n of_o trade_n they_o be_v become_v as_o it_o be_v citizen_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n whereby_o they_o have_v so_o enlarge_v their_o town_n that_o most_o of_o they_o within_o these_o four_o hundred_o year_n be_v full_a as_o great_a again_o as_o they_o be_v before_o amsterdam_n leyden_n and_o middleburgh_n have_v be_v late_o twice_o enlarge_v and_o their_o street_n and_o building_n so_o fair_a and_o orderly_o set_v forth_o that_o for_o beauty_n and_o strength_n they_o may_v compare_v with_o any_o other_o in_o the_o world_n upon_o which_o they_o bestow_v infinite_a sum_n of_o money_n all_o original_o flow_v from_o the_o bounty_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o whence_o by_o their_o labour_n and_o industry_n they_o derive_v the_o begin_n of_o all_o that_o wealth_n and_o greatness_n and_o particular_o for_o the_o havens_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a town_n whereof_o some_o of_o they_o cost_v forty_o fifty_o or_o a_o