Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	declare_v	king_n	scotland_n	2,738	5	8.4917	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A06789	The maintenance of free trade according to the three essentiall parts of traffique; namely, commodities, moneys and exchange of moneys, by bills of exchanges for other countries, or, An answer to a treatise of free trade, or the meanes to make trade flourish, lately published. ... By Gerard Malynes merchant.	Malynes, Gerard, fl. 1586-1641.	1622 (1622)	STC 17226; ESTC S120064	50,433	116

be_v the_o deliverer_n of_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n alter_v there_o according_o will_v have_v the_o like_a consideration_n and_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n will_v provoke_v he_o thereunto_o and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o taker_n the_o english_a merchant_n may_v bring_v over_o the_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la wherein_o he_o shall_v become_v a_o gainer_n this_o course_n be_v agreeable_a to_o justice_n and_o the_o gentium_fw-la law_n of_o nation_n and_o will_v not_o hinder_v the_o exchange_n to_o rise_v and_o fall_v as_o former_o but_o keep_v all_o in_o due_a order_n with_o those_o consideration_n caution_n and_o prevention_n as_o shall_v be_v set_v down_o to_o prevent_v all_o inconvenience_n proceed_v by_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o money_n which_o fall_v general_o upon_o money_n all_o man_n in_o the_o indear_n of_o thing_n and_o particular_o upon_o landlord_n and_o creditor_n in_o their_o rent_n and_o contract_n and_o especial_o upon_o the_o king_n majesty_n land_n now_o before_o we_o come_v to_o answer_v some_o objection_n make_v against_o this_o remedy_n let_v we_o examine_v what_o time_n the_o old_a observer_n and_o experience_n the_o best_a schoolmaster_n of_o man_n life_n have_v manifest_v touch_v the_o raise_v of_o money_n in_o foreign_a part_n and_o within_o the_o realm_n it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o 34._o defective_a remedy_n before_o declare_v it_o be_v record_v in_o a_o ancient_a book_n that_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o the_o coin_n beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o of_o england_n do_v raise_v the_o ounce_n of_o starlin_n silver_n from_o 20_o penny_n to_o 30_o penny_n and_o king_n edward_n the_o four_o from_o 30_o penny_n to_o 40_o penny_n and_o after_o he_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o after_o many_o sending_n to_o foreign_a prince_n about_o mint_n affair_n and_o exchange_n perceive_v the_o price_n of_o money_n continual_o to_o rise_v beyond_o the_o sea_n cause_v in_o the_o 18._o year_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o angel_n noble_a to_o be_v value_v from_o 6_o shilling_n 8_o penny_n unto_o seven_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n and_o present_o after_o to_o 7_o shilling_n 6_o penny_n whereby_o every_o ounce_n of_o starlin_n silver_n be_v worth_a 45_o penny_n and_o yet_o there_o be_v nothing_o effect_v thereby_o the_o money_n still_o alter_v beyond_o the_o sea_n whereupon_o cardinal_n wolsey_n have_v letter_n patent_n grant_v he_o by_o the_o king_n to_o alter_v the_o valuation_n of_o money_n from_o time_n to_o time_n as_o he_o shall_v see_v cause_n afterward_o the_o say_a king_n in_o the_o 22._o year_n of_o chronicle_n his_o reign_n perceive_v that_o diverse_a nation_n bring_v abundance_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n into_o his_o realm_n and_o receive_v money_n for_o it_o which_o money_n they_o ever_o deliver_v to_o other_o merchant_n by_o exchange_n and_o never_o employ_v the_o same_o on_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n whereby_o his_o majesty_n be_v hinder_v in_o his_o custom_n and_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v not_o utter_v to_o the_o great_a hindrance_n of_o his_o subject_n as_o be_v there_o allege_v his_o majesty_n cause_v a_o proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o aforesaid_a statute_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o that_o no_o person_n shall_v make_v any_o exchange_n contrary_a to_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o the_o say_a act_n and_o statute_n upon_o pain_n to_o be_v take_v the_o king_n mortal_a enemy_n and_o to_o forfeit_v all_o that_o he_o may_v for_o feite_n which_o take_v effect_v but_o for_o a_o short_a time_n and_o no_o other_o be_v to_o be_v expect_v it_o not_o be_v of_o that_o moment_n nor_o the_o principal_a mean_a to_o do_v it_o after_o this_o follow_v the_o embase_v of_o money_n and_o then_o all_o the_o price_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n do_v rise_v immoderate_o which_o make_v the_o native_a commodity_n to_o rise_v at_o the_o farmer_n and_o another_o tenant_n hand_n and_o thereupon_o gentleman_n do_v raise_v the_o rent_n of_o their_o land_n and_o take_v farm_n to_o themselves_o and_o make_v enclosure_n of_o ground_n and_o the_o price_n of_o every_o thing_n be_v dear_a be_v make_v dear_a through_o plenty_n of_o money_n and_o bullion_n come_v from_o the_o west_n indies_n as_o be_v already_o note_v and_o by_o these_o mean_n be_v the_o office_n of_o the_o king_n royal_a exchange_n neglect_v because_o upon_o the_o base_a money_n no_o exchange_n be_v make_v and_o other_o nation_n counterfeit_v the_o same_o and_o fill_v the_o kingdom_n with_o it_o and_o so_o carrien_n out_o the_o good_a staple_n ware_n of_o the_o realm_n for_o it_o this_o raise_n of_o money_n be_v augment_v afterward_o by_o queen_n elizabeth_n of_o bless_a memory_n in_o the_o high_a degree_n by_o one_o full_a three_o part_n from_o 45._o penny_n the_o ounce_n unto_o 60._o penny_n or_o 5._o shilling_n starlin_n standard_n but_o the_o exportation_n do_v never_o cease_v because_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n for_o money_n do_v run_v always_o under_o the_o value_n of_o the_o money_n still_o afford_v a_o gain_n between_o the_o say_a exchange_n and_o money_n which_o cause_v the_o say_a exportation_n and_o so_o will_v it_o be_v still_o if_o this_o be_v not_o prevent_v by_o direction_n in_o a_o pair_n of_o table_n much_o like_a unto_o the_o table_n keep_v dover_n at_o dover_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o to_o receive_v the_o passenger_n money_n and_o by_o exchange_n in_o specie_fw-la for_o it_o beyond_o the_o sea_n which_o make_v they_o to_o leave_v their_o money_n within_o the_o realm_n and_o this_o course_n of_o exchange_n so_o direct_v be_v the_o only_a mean_a and_o way_n to_o restore_v england_n wealth_n by_o importation_n of_o money_n and_o bullion_n advance_v the_o price_n of_o our_o native_a commodity_n and_o to_o prevent_v the_o transportation_n of_o our_o money_n and_o all_o other_o remedy_n be_v defective_a as_o experience_n will_v prove_v and_o demonstrate_v if_o good_a thing_n can_v be_v favour_v the_o statute_n of_o employment_n must_v also_o be_v observe_v to_o make_v the_o remedy_n more_o complete_a with_o a_o register_n also_o to_o record_v the_o money_n which_o foreign_a mariner_n do_v receive_v for_o freight_n come_v from_o norway_n and_o other_o place_n which_o be_v above_o one_o hundred_o voyage_n in_o one_o year_n as_o also_o many_o other_o ship_n bring_v corn_n into_o the_o northern_a and_o western_a part_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o export_v money_n for_o it_o the_o turk_n persian_a and_o russian_a have_v herein_o be_v more_o politic_a than_o we_o keep_v the_o price_n russian_a of_o their_o exchange_n high_a much_o above_o the_o ualuation_n of_o their_o money_n so_o that_o they_o have_v no_o trade_n by_o exchange_n nor_o money_n but_o only_o for_o commodity_n whereby_o they_o prevent_v the_o over_o balance_v of_o foreign_a commodity_n with_o they_o as_o also_o the_o exportation_n of_o their_o money_n albeit_o the_o use_n of_o our_o commodity_n in_o those_o country_n be_v very_o great_a the_o objection_n make_v by_o some_o against_o this_o sole_a remedy_n may_v easy_o be_v answer_v for_o they_o be_v ground_v upon_o supposition_n against_o assure_a experience_n 1._o some_o make_v doubt_n that_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n objection_n be_v rise_v there_o will_v be_v no_o taker_n of_o money_n and_o then_o the_o deliverer_n be_v more_o thrust_v upon_o the_o exportation_n of_o money_n 2._o other_o say_v that_o those_o merchant_n which_o have_v sell_v their_o cloth_n beyond_o the_o sea_n shall_v receive_v a_o loss_n in_o the_o make_n over_o of_o their_o money_n from_o thence_o 3._o other_o say_v that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o vent_v their_o cloth_n according_a to_o the_o high_a exchange_n especial_o now_o that_o the_o same_o be_v out_o of_o request_n and_o will_v have_v the_o matter_n of_o reformation_n defer_v until_o a_o other_o time_n the_o first_o objection_n be_v answer_v before_o that_o the_o taker_n be_v rule_v by_o the_o deliverer_n who_o will_v not_o answer_n give_v his_o money_n by_o exchange_n under_o the_o true_a value_n according_a to_o the_o proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v and_o the_o deliverer_n be_v the_o merchant_n stranger_n here_o will_v soon_o be_v thrust_v upon_o the_o statute_n of_o employment_n for_o by_o the_o exportation_n of_o money_n he_o shall_v have_v no_o gain_n whereas_o some_o of_o the_o discreet_a sort_n will_v not_o have_v that_o statute_n too_o firma_fw-la strict_o press_v upon_o the_o stranger_n because_o the_o trade_n shall_v not_o be_v drive_v into_o their_o hand_n to_o the_o second_o the_o proclamation_n limit_v a_o time_n for_o execution_n give_v merchant_n ability_n to_o recover_v their_o money_n or_o to_o sell_v their_o bill_n of_o debt_n for_o money_n or_o to_o buy_v commodity_n for_o they_o as_o the_o manner_n be_v to_o the_o three_o

much_o less_o can_v a_o lesser_a number_n with_o lesser_a ability_n manage_v a_o great_a trade_n in_o most_o troublesome_a time_n especial_o if_o they_o have_v borrow_v 50._o or_o 60._o thousand_o pound_n at_o use_n for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o company_n and_o thereby_o engage_v the_o trade_n and_o set_v themselves_o in_o debt_n which_o cause_v many_o of_o the_o best_a merchant_n aduenturour_n to_o give_v over_o trade_n and_o be_v become_v purchaser_n or_o lender_n of_o money_n at_o interest_n many_o other_o of_o they_o have_v engage_v themselves_o in_o the_o east_n indian_a company_n which_o do_v carry_v away_o their_o money_n and_o leave_v the_o cloth_n this_o small_a number_n to_o manage_v so_o great_a a_o trade_n cloth_n incourage_v the_o clothier_n to_o adventure_v to_o make_v false_a cloth_n because_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o so_o few_o merchant_n can_v search_v and_o visit_v every_o cloth_n as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v do_v and_o the_o clothier_n conscience_n be_v satisfy_v for_o he_o say_v that_o the_o false_a cloth_n be_v answerable_a to_o the_o best_a price_n because_o none_o may_v export_v but_o they_o and_o therefore_o they_o will_v give_v what_o price_n they_o please_v for_o this_o deceitful_a cloth_n have_v cause_v great_a jar_n and_o difference_n between_o the_o english_a merchant_n and_o the_o foreign_a nation_n for_o tare_n or_o rebatement_n and_o the_o general_a report_n of_o the_o falseness_n of_o english_a manufacture_n have_v cause_v a_o wonderful_a decay_n of_o the_o sale_n thereof_o the_o trade_n thus_o limit_v to_o a_o small_a number_n of_o a_o company_n reside_v for_o the_o most_o part_n at_o london_n be_v a_o general_a prejudice_n to_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n which_o though_o it_o have_v make_v london_n rich_a it_o have_v make_v all_o the_o port_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n poor_a for_o it_o enforce_v needless_a and_o chargeable_a carriage_n and_o recarriage_n of_o diverse_a commodity_n whereby_o they_o be_v endear_v unto_o we_o and_o it_o hinder_v all_o the_o port_n be_v the_o wall_n of_o the_o kingdom_n from_o have_v either_o foreign_a or_o domestic_a commodity_n bring_v unto_o they_o at_o the_o best_a hand_n which_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v almost_o desolate_a and_o forsake_a and_o it_o hinder_v the_o clothier_n and_o new_a draper_n which_o dwell_v in_o remote_a part_n from_o sell_v their_o cloth_n and_o stuff_v at_o their_o next_o adjoin_v port_n for_o how_o can_v they_o sell_v when_o there_o be_v no_o merchant_n it_o cause_v all_o chapman_n to_o give_v poor_a and_o faint_a price_n for_o wool_n because_o when_o it_o be_v indrape_v it_o may_v not_o more_o free_o be_v export_v to_o the_o best_a advantage_n so_o that_o the_o grower_n be_v hinder_v in_o the_o price_n of_o his_o wool_n for_o every_o loss_n and_o prejudice_n that_o come_v upon_o cloth_n and_o the_o clothier_n another_o do_v fall_v upon_o the_o wool_n and_o the_o wool_n grower_n and_o the_o clothier_n say_v he_o be_v prevent_v of_o his_o best_a chapman_n for_o his_o cloth_n for_o that_o merchant_n stranger_n or_o other_o english_a merchant_n can_v work_v upon_o the_o advantage_n of_o market_n and_o the_o clothier_n necessity_n which_o beat_v down_o the_o price_n of_o cloth_n the_o price_n of_o cloth_n beat_v down_o the_o price_n of_o wool_n the_o price_n of_o wool_n beat_v down_o the_o price_n of_o land_n which_o can_v be_v improve_v and_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v free_o take_v in_o barter_n for_o the_o return_v of_o our_o home_n commodity_n when_o money_n nor_o bullion_n can_v be_v import_v as_o have_v be_v declare_v so_o that_o the_o hammer_n at_o the_o mint_n where_o the_o pulse_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n shall_v be_v feel_v be_v the_o life_n and_o move_v and_o it_o be_v come_v to_o such_o extremity_n with_o the_o eastland_n merchant_n that_o they_o can_v vent_v their_o cloth_n in_o barter_n of_o other_o ware_n to_o make_v return_v and_o by_o money_n their_o loss_n will_v be_v incredible_a shall_v this_o be_v proclaim_v a_o free_a trade_n when_o within_o ourselves_o we_o be_v in_o bondage_n and_o have_v lose_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o two_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n namely_o the_o rule_n of_o money_n and_o exchange_n let_v every_o man_n judge_v to_o say_v nothing_o of_o the_o dependence_n of_o trade_n as_o the_o increase_n of_o navigation_n and_o navigator_n when_o merchant_n heretofore_o have_v more_o freedom_n and_o the_o port_n be_v furnish_v and_o frequent_v with_o great_a store_n of_o ship_v which_o although_o they_o be_v but_o small_a of_o burden_n yet_o every_o one_o have_v their_o several_a pilot_n and_o mariner_n which_o do_v daily_o supply_v the_o land_n with_o plenty_n of_o seaman_n the_o merchant_n stapler_n have_v observe_v that_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n have_v a_o inevitable_a opportunity_n of_o combination_n to_o set_v what_o price_n they_o please_v upon_o cloth_n to_o the_o clothier_n of_o wool_n to_o the_o grower_n and_o of_o all_o commodity_n export_v and_o import_v and_o likewise_o to_o lay_v what_o private_a imposition_n they_o please_v upon_o any_o of_o the_o say_a commodity_n so_o that_o whether_o they_o do_v well_o or_o ill_o for_o the_o commonweal_n there_o can_v be_v no_o apparent_a trial_n for_o have_v power_n to_o bar_v all_o other_o from_o trade_n but_o themselves_o they_o be_v like_o a_o commodity_n weigh_v in_o a_o balance_n that_o have_v but_o one_o end_n where_o there_o can_v be_v no_o counterpoise_n and_o then_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v great_a weight_n although_o it_o be_v never_o so_o light_a so_o that_o this_o engross_n of_o trade_n into_o few_o man_n trade_n hand_n have_v cause_v our_o home_n trade_n to_o decay_v our_o manufacture_n to_o decrease_v and_o our_o homebred_a commodity_n to_o lie_v upon_o our_o hand_n unsold_a or_o to_o be_v sell_v at_o a_o low_a price_n to_o the_o utter_a undo_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o poor_a people_n in_o england_n and_o the_o great_a damage_n of_o all_o his_o majesty_n love_a subject_n and_o while_o our_o merchant_n hinder_v one_o another_o from_o trade_n other_o nation_n increase_v their_o own_o manufacture_n and_o enlarge_v their_o trade_n not_o only_o for_o the_o say_a country_n of_o high_a and_o low_a germany_n but_o also_o for_o russia_n eastland_n poland_n and_o other_o place_n for_o the_o make_n of_o good_a and_o true_a cloth_n many_o excellent_a law_n have_v be_v make_v and_o enact_v especial_o in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o majesty_n happy_a reign_n whereupon_o i_o have_v heretofore_o make_v a_o demonstration_n which_o be_v exhibit_v to_o the_o right_n honourable_a the_o lord_n of_o the_o privy_a council_n show_v the_o weight_n length_n and_o breadth_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o clothes_n and_o that_o weight_n and_o measure_n do_v control_v each_o other_o whereby_o the_o merchant_n that_o buy_v the_o cloth_n may_v be_v enable_v to_o find_v out_o the_o fraud_n and_o deceit_n of_o the_o clothier_n but_o this_o shall_v be_v do_v before_o the_o sell_n of_o they_o and_o that_o by_o honest_a officer_n or_o magistrate_n according_a to_o the_o say_a act_n whereof_o our_o great_a book_n now_o under_o merchant_n the_o press_n entitle_v lex_n mercatoria_fw-la or_o the_o law_n merchant_n do_v entreat_v of_o more_o particular_o the_o eight_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n be_v th'exportation_n imposition_n of_o the_o material_n of_o wool_n and_o wooll-fells_a from_o the_o seacoast_n of_o england_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n and_o the_o custom_n and_o imposition_n lay_v upon_o clothes_n at_o home_n and_o abroad_o in_o other_o country_n especial_o the_o great_a imposition_n in_o the_o low_a unite_a province_n call_v consumption_n money_n pay_v by_o the_o retail_n of_o cloth_n or_o drapery_n only_o upon_o our_o english_a clothes_n and_o not_o upon_o cloth_n in_o those_o part_n whereby_o their_o cloth_n be_v more_o vent_v and_o english_a cloth_n in_o less_o request_n touch_v the_o exportation_n of_o material_n there_o be_v a_o provident_a order_n take_v to_o prevent_v the_o same_o in_o england_n by_o a_o late_a direction_n and_o proclamation_n prohibit_v the_o exportation_n of_o wool_n wooll-fells_a wool-yearne_n fuller_n earth_n and_o woodash_n and_o the_o like_a will_v be_v do_v in_o scotland_n and_o for_o the_o better_a execution_n there_o be_v a_o committie_n appoint_v of_o certain_a select_a discreet_a person_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n the_o nine_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n be_v bankrupt_n the_o war_n in_o christendom_n as_o also_o in_o other_o country_n out_o of_o the_o same_o where_o our_o cloth_n and_o manufacture_n have_v be_v transport_v increase_v by_o the_o daily_a loss_n sustain_v by_o pirate_n and_o continual_a break_n of_o merchant_n and_o tradesman_n all_o which_o be_v mere_o heterocliton_n or_o opposite_a to_o traffic_n and_o they_o concur_v all_o in_o nature_n to_o the_o interruption_n and_o overthrow_v