for that of Sabina John Busche finished his Chronicle of VVindesem Nicolas of Cusa and John Capgrave die August 12th The Death of VVilliam of Vorilong and Theodore Laelius 1465 II. XXVI  1465. A Censure of the Faculty of Theology at Paris against some Propositions maintain'd in the Schools in Fouara Street  John Beetz John Soreth Alanus de la Roche Flourish'd Laurence Valla died aged 50 Years and James of Clusa aged 80 Years Henry Kalteisen died on the 3d of October 1466 III. XXVII  1466.   1467 IV. XXVIII  1467. The Institution of the Order of Minims by St. Francis of Paule  The Death of Anthony of Rosellis John of Turrecremata died the 28th of September James Perez was made Bishop of Chrysopolis on the 1st of October 1468 V. XXIX  1468.   1469 VI. XXX  1469. The Institution of the Order of St. Michael by Lewis XI  Roderick Sance of Areval finish'd his History of Spain 1470 VII XXXI  1470. A Censure of the Faculty of Theology at Paris against a Proposition of John Meamer about Ecclesiastical Power A Conclusion of the same Faculty about the Truth of some Propositions of the Creed  Henry Harphius or of Herp Gabriel Barlette John Baptista Platina Alexander of Imola John of Lutrie Laurence Cabaneus Dominic of Dominici Louis Dona. Conrad de Rodemberg Stephen of Caiete George Melitoris Tilman of Ravensburg John Wessel or of VVessales VVilliam Forleon Ambrose Coriolan Benedict Stendel of Halles Sifroy Bishop of Cyrene Godeschalcus of Meschede Flourish'd 1471 Paul II. dies on the 25th of July Sixtus IV. is chosen on the 2d of August XXXII Henry VI. King of Enggland is restor'd by Louis XI and driven away and kill'd quickly after by Edward    Denis Rickel died on the 12th of March aged 69 Years Thomas of Kempis on the 24th of July aged 70 Years and John Soreth on the 25th of the same Month. Henry of Pizo. John Tinctor Flourish'd 1472 II. XXIII  1472.  Conrade of Elten Conrade of Zaberne John of Dorsten Angelus the Saxon Flourish'd John of Gruistrade died February the 12th The Death of Cardinal Bessarion Giles Charlier died the 23d of November 1473 III. XXXIV  1473. A Bull of Sixtus IV. in favour of the Regulars Mendicants The Council of Toledo Martin the Master takes the degree of Dr. in the Faculty of Theology at Paris Robert Gaguin is chosen General of the Order of Trinitarians 1474 IV. XXXV The Death of Henry IV. King of Castile Ferdinand of Arrigon who Married his Daughter Isabel succeeded him  1474. Sixtus IV. puts off the Jubilee for 25 Years  Jerom Sabonarola enters into the Order of Friars Preachers The Death of Alanus de la Roche 1475 V. XXXVI  1475.  Theodorick of Herxen Nicolas of Warhenheim Michael of Milan John Cousin Henry Prudens Flourish'd John of Hagen or of Indagine died about this Year 1476 VI. XXXVII  1476.  John of Circy is chosen General of the Order of Cistercians John Beetz died the 23d of July 1477 VII XXXVIII  1477. A Censure of the Faculty of Theology at Paris about a Proposition concerning the Trinity The Council of Orleans Robert Fleming wrote a Poem in Commendation of Sixtus IV. John of Circy disputes stoutly against the Commendations of Monasteries in the Council of Orleans and the next Year after in the Council of Tours The Death of James Zenus 1478 VIII XXXIX  1478. A Bull of Sixtus IV which put an end to the Differences between the Parish-Priests and Regulars Mendicants The Council of Tours Dominick de Dominicis died the 17th of February The Death of Heâ—â—y Harphius and Laurence Calcaneus 1479 IX XL.  1479. A Condemnation of the Errors of Peter of Osma at Toledo and at Rome  John Raulin takes the Degree o Doctor of Divinity at Paris The Death of John of Latrie 1480 X. XLL John King of Arragon dies on the 16th of February Ferdinand V his Son succeeds him and unites in his own Person the Kingdoms of Castile and Arragon  1480. The Pope approves the Office of the Conception of the Virgin composed by Bernardin de Bustis  Augustine Patricius Canon of Siena wrote his History of the Councils of Basil and Florence John de Deo Bernandin de Bustis John Picus of Mirandula Peter Shottus John Kimne of Duderstat John Manburne Arnold Bostius or Boschius George Phranâ—a Gabriel Biel. John Baptista Salvis or de Salis Flourish'd John de Indagine died about this Year 1481 XI XLII Alphonsus the King of Portugal dies on the 28th of August John II his Son succeeds him  1481.  Matthias Palmier finish'd his Continuation of the Chronicle of Matthew Palmier Pacificus of Novara Angelus de Clavasio John Baptista Trovanala or Novamala John Losse Charles Fernand. John Fernand. Marfilius Ficinus Wernerus Rolwink of Laer Flourish'd John Baptista Platina died aged 60 Years 1482 XII XLIII  1482. A Censure of the Faculty of Theology at Paris against a Proposition about Indulgences  Peter Natalis finish'd his Catalogue of Saints Bernard Aquila Anthony of Baloche Bernardin of Tome Robert Caraccioli Michael of Milan Nicolas of Creutznach Nicasius of Voerde Benedict Capra John Andrew Flourish'd Martin the Master died aged 〈◊〉 Years 1483 XIII XLIV The Death of Louis XI King of France on August 29 Câ—arles VIII his Son succeeds him Edward IV. Ring of England dies Richard III. Duke of Glocester his Brother having put his Nephews to Death usurps the Crown  1483. A Censure of the Faculty of Theology at Paris against some Propositions of John de Angeli about the Hierarchy  Augustine Patricius is made Bishop of Pienza John Trithemius is chosen Abbot of Spanheim The Death of Francis Diede 1484 The Death of Sixtus IV. on August 12. Innocent VIII is chosen on October 29. I. XLV  1484.  The Death of George Melitoris and Henry Prudent 1485 II. XLVI  1485. The Council of Sens. Peter Brutus William of Aix la Chapelle Baptista of Ferrara Flourish'd The Death of Tilman of Ravensburg 1486 III. XLVII Henry of Richmond the Son of John Brother to Henry VI. King of England kill'd Richard Duke of Glocester and by Marrying Elizabeth the Daughter of Edward IV united in his own Person the Rights of the Houses of York and Lancaster to the Crown of England and was the 7th King of England of the Name of Henry  1486. A Censure of the Faculty of Theology at Paris against some Propositions of John Merchant a Friar Minor about St. Francis A Censure of the same Faculties against some Propositions of John Lailier A Petition of Lailier to the Official of Paris A new Censure of the Faculty against Lailier Lailier's Retractation and his Absolution by the Bishop of Paris The Condemnation of Lailier by the Pope A Censure of the same Faculty against some Propositions of Morality  Conrade of Redemberg died
the Pope wherein he receiv'd him into his Communion and engag'd to send him quickly the Pallium See the following Letters B. 2. Ind. 11. Ep. 20. B. 3. Ep. 15 20 25 33. B. 4. Ep. 4. 20 34. B. 5. Ep. 3 4 8. B. 6 Ep. 17. B. 7. Ind. 1. Ep. 1 12. Ind. 2. 60 81 82. This Contest continued from the Year 592 to the Year 600. The Mission of Austin the Monk and his Collegues into England THe English having testified their desire to be instructed in the Christian Religion and the ancient Inhabitants of that Country hating them with so violent a hatred that they would have no Commerce with them St. Gregory chose some Monks of his own Monastery to be sent into England under the Conduct of Austin their Abbot These Monks having travell'd into Provence were at first so terrified with the difficulties which they found in this Enterprize that St. Austin took upon him to return to Rome to represent them to St. Gregory This Pope encourag'd him and sent him back with Letters of Recommendation address'd to Theodoricus King of Burgundy Theodebert King of Austrasia to Queen Brunehaud their Aunt to Aurigius a Nobleman and to the Bishops of Vienna Arles Aix and Autun in which he exhorted them to favour this laudable Undertaking B. 5. Ep. 52 c. Austin being return'd into France was ordain'd by the Bishops of a St Gregory in Letter 30 of Book 9 Ind. 1. written to Eulogius says That he was ordain'd by the Bishops of Germany to whom he had given leave Data à me licentiâ à Germaniarum Episcopis Episcopus factus Bede assures us that he was ordain'd by Aetherius â—p of Arles he should have said Virgilius â—p of Arles or Aetherius â—p of Lyons for at this time the B. of Arles was called Virgilius and of Lyons Aetherius The Authority of Bâ—de made Baronius believe that there was a fault in the Letter of St. Gregory and that it should be read Galliarum instead of Germaniarum Others think that Bede was mistaken and that according to St. Gregory Austin was ordain'd by the Bishops of the Provinces of Germany upon the Rhinâ— But 't is more probable that he intended the Provinces upon the Roan to which the Name of Germany was sometimes given because they were inhabited by the Burgundians who were originally Germans We have Examples of this in Sidonius Apollinaris who calls the Kingdom of Chilperic whereof the Capital City was â—yons Lugdumensem Germaniam B 5. Ep. 7. And writing to Siagrius who dwelt at Lyons he praises him for understanding the Language of the Germans i. e. of the Burgundians who remain'd at Lyons St. Austin therefore being ordain'd by Aetherius Bishop of Lyons St. Gregory might say that he was ordain'd by the Bishops of Germany France and afterwards pass'd over into England with forty Missionaries whereof some were French Priests as well as others Italian Monks They made a stop at a little Isle where King Ethelred came to meet them and after some Conference with them he permitted them to enter into his Kingdom and his Capital City After they had learn'd the Language of the Country they preach'd the Faith of Jesus Christ and Converted in a little time a very great number of these Infidels insomuch that in one day of Christmas they baptiz'd more then one thousand Persons St. Gregory having heard this News communicated it to Eulogius Bishop of Alexandria by Letter 30. of Book 7. Ind. 2. And that these auspicious beginnings might be attended also with happy Consequences he recommended these Missionaries to the Bishops and Kings of France by the Letters 48 49 51 52 53 54 56 63 of B. 9. He informs St. Austin what he ought to do by Letter 58. He thanks the Queen of England who was a Christian and the Daughter of Charibert King of the French for the Protection she had given to Austin and exhorts her to finish this Work B. 9. Ep. 5. * This shows that the first conversion England was not owing to Austin and the Monks sent by Pope Gregory for many years before their coming this Queen call'd â—ertha was married to King Ethelbert upon Condition that he would suffer her to enjoy the Christian Religion and to have a Bishop to attend her whose name was Luid-hardus Bede Hist. Eccles. l. 1. c. 25. Malmsbur de Gestis Reg. Angl. l. 1. c. 1. He wrote to the King to congratulate his Conversion and exhorts him to destroy entirely the Remainders of Paganism in his Kingdom B. 9. Ep. 59. And lastly to give the greater credit to Austin he sent him the Pallium B. 12. Ep. 15. Of some Letters attributed to St. Gregory which are either uncertain or supposititious HAving made Extracts out of the Letters of St. Gregory we must here make some remarks upon those Letters which are either to be rejected as supposititious or whereof there may be some cause to doubt The 54th Letter of the second Ind. of B. 7. address'd to Secundinus a recluse Monk is either wholly forged or very much corrupted although Paul the Deacon has put it in the number of the 54 Letters of St. Gregory which he had collected For 1. the Discipline which is establish'd in that Letter concerning the Clergy who fell into sins of Uncleanness is perfectly opposite to that of St. Gregory We have observed that St. Gregory did not leave them any hope of being restor'd nor of discharging the Duties of their Office and that he affirms it as a thing undoubted that this was never permitted and that he cannot allow it and if he should it would wholly subvert the order of Canonical Discipline On the contrary the Author of this Letter undertakes to prove that the Priests and Clergy-men who were fall'n into these sins ought to be restored 2. The style of one part of this Letter is very different from that of St. Gregory There it is said that Secundinus asked him De Sacerdotali Officio post lapsum authoritates resurgendi And a little after Dicit sanctitas tua se diversas sententias invenisse alias resurgendi alias nequaquam posse c. Gregory never spoke after such a barbarous manner 3. There is no coherence nor connexion in the different parts of this Letter contrary to the custom of St. Gregory 4. The Manuscripts are very different of thirty Manuscripts there are but two in which that place is to be found which concerns the Restauration of Clergy-men fall'n into the sins of Uncleanness that which concerns Images and is at the end of the same Letter is in very few Manuscripts which proves that these two places at least have been added neither have they any connexion with the other parts of the Letter The Epistle 31. of Book 10. appears also to me to be very doubtful It 's not a Letter of St. Gregory but a Declaration of a Schismatical Bishop sign'd by him and his Clergy wherein he promises never to relapse
the Hands of the Rabble The latter immediately wrote to King William about the Affair and the Monks did the like on their side This Prince order'd that the Arch-bishop should reconcile the Church and upon his refusal caus'd it to be done by the Bishop of Auranches nevertheless to give Satisfaction to the Arch-bishop some of the Monks were put into Prison and others were dispers'd in divers Monasteries The Council of Rouen held A. D. 1074. IN the Year 1074. the same Arch-bishop John held onother Council at Rouen with his The Council of Rouen in 1074. Suffragans in which he publish'd Fourteen Canons The First imports That to extirpate Simony 't is forbidden to buy or sell any sort of Benefice whether it be an Abbey Arch-deaconry Deanery or Cure of Souls and to exact any thing for admission into Orders The Second That Abbeys shall only be bestow'd on those who are well vers'd in Matters of Church-Discipline by the means of a continu'd practice of it for several Years The Third That the ancient Constitution shall be observ'd which prohibits to entertain any Clerk without a Letter of recommendation from his Diocesan The Fourth That several Orders shall not be receiv'd on the same day The Fifth That the Sub-deacons Deacons and Priests shall not be ordain'd but upon making a solemn Profession according to the Injunctions of the Council of Toledo The Sixth That Monks or Nuns who have fallen into any publick notorious Enormity shall be excluded for ever from the exercise of their Functions The Seventh enjoyns That the Monks and Nuns take care exactly to observe St. Benedict's Rule The Eighth That Clergy-men who are ordain'd shall be instructed in those things which are express'd in the Eighth Canon of the Eighth Council of Toledo The Ninth That Christian Burial shall not be deny'd those Persons who die suddenly if they do not actually lie under the guilt of some notorious Crime nor to Women with Child or newly brought to Bed The Tenth That no Credit shall be given to the Depositions of those Persons who under a colour of a scruple of Conscience declare that they have had to do with the Sisters or Relations of their Wives to have a pretence to leave them unless they bring sufficient Proof of the Matter of Fact The Eleventh That they shall likewise be oblig'd to the same thing who give it out that they did not receive all the inferiour Orders when they were ordain'd Priests on purpose to get an opportunity to quit the Sacerdotal Functions The Twelfth That Clergy-men degraded for their Misdeameanours shall not have the liberty to lead a secular Life as Laicks The Thirteenth That those Persons whose Marriage is declar'd Null because it was contracted with near Relations shall live continently till they be married to others The Fourteenth That the Christians shall not have any Jews for their Slaves nor any Jewish Women for their Nurses Some time after this Arch-bishop of Rouen falling Sick of a Palsey King William the Conqueror demanded a License of Gregory VII to substitute another Clerk in his room This Pope gave orders to Hubert Sub-deacon of the Church of Rome his Legat with the Bishops and Abbots of the Province and the Clergy of the City of Rouen to enquire whether John de Bayeux their Metropolitan were really capable any longer to perform the Episcopal Functions and in case it appear'd so that they should exhort him to consent to the Election of another Arch-bishop but if his Distemper hindred him from giving such Consent they might proceed to the Choice of a Person worthy of being advanc'd to that Dignity Upon mature deliberation John being found uncapable was oblig'd to make a Resignation in due form and retir'd to one of his Country-Houses The King caus'd William Abbot of St. Stephen at Caen the Son of Radbodus Bishop of Sees to be chosen to supply his place Pope Gregory disapprov'd this Election because he was the Son of a Priest but notwithstanding his Prohibition William was ordain'd A. D. 1079. whilst John was as yet living who died some time after The Council of Lillebonne held A. D. 1080. WILLIAM I. sirnam'd the Conquerour King of England and Duke of Normandy caus'd The Council of Lillebonne in 1080. a Council of the Prelats of Normandy to be held at Lillebonne in his presence A D. 1080. William Arch-bishop of Rouen presided in this Synod and divers Constitutions were made therein against those who married their Relations against Clergy-men who had Wives to prohibit Simoniacal Practices and Exactions for the performance of Ecclesiastical Functions concerning the restitution of Revenues usurp'd from the Churches the Rights of Bishops and Arch-deacons the maintenance of Priests to serve the Churches that belong to Monks and about the Punishments to be inflicted on Criminals and the Infringers of the Ecclesiastical and Civil Laws The Councils of the Province of Aquitaine The Council of Narbonne held in the Year 1054. GEFFREY Arch-bishop of Narbonne held in that City A. D. 1054. a Council consisting The Council of Narbonne in 1054. of ten Bishops and made a large Ordinance concerning the Laws of Peace and Truce in which he marks the Days on which it is forbidded to make War as also the Persons and Goods that ought to be free from Insults even in the time of War who are more especially Clergy-men Husband-men and Merchants with the Effects belonging to their respective Qualities The Council of Toulouse held A. D. 1056. POPE Victor II. having given Orders to Rambaldus Arch-bishop of Arles and to Pontius The Council of Toulouse in 1056. Arch-bishop of Aix his Vicars to call a Council for the extirpation of Simony and the restauration of Ecclesiastical Discipline They met together A. D. 1054. at Toulouse with the Arch-bishop of Narbonne and divers other Bishops of France and drew up thirteen Canons In the First it is Decreed That those Persons who receive Ordination for Mony shall be degraded from their Dignity as well as they who ordain'd them In the Second That a Bishop Abbot or Priest shall not be ordain'd till the Age of thirty Years nor a Deacon till he has attain'd to that of Twenty five In the Third That nothing shall be taken for the Dedication of Churches In the Fourth That nothing shall be given to obtain Ecclesiastical Benefices In the Fifth That they who turn Monks with a design to get the Government of an Abbey shall never be promoted to that Dignity In the Sixth That the Abbots shall govern their Monks according to St. Benedict's Rule and that they shall not suffer them to enjoy any private Estate nor to hold a Provostship or Superiority without their consent The Seventh enjoyns Priests and Deacons to lead a single Life The Eighth That Lay-men shall not have any Spiritual Livings The Ninth That the Estates and Goods of deceased Persons shall not be pillag'd but that they shall be dispos'd of according to their
to oppose them He tells him That he hath sent him some of S. Gregory's Letters which he had taken out of the Library of the Church of Rome and which he thought not common in England He desires of him some of Bede's Works He requests the same thing in the following Letter of the Abbot Huctbert and recommends himself to his Prayers In the 10th he exhorts in his own Name and in the Name of eight Bishops that were with him the Priest Herefrede to shew the Memoir which they sent him to the King of the Mercians and exhorts him to follow their Advice 'T was to hinder the Debaucheries and Disorders of his Kingdom In the 11th Letter he consults the Bishop Pethelmus about the Customs of France and Italy by which it was forbidden to marry her to whose Child he had been Godfather Whereupon he says That till then he thought there was no harm in it having never found that it was forbidden by the Canons or Decrees of the Holy Bishops He desires him to let him know whether he hath met with any thing about it in any Ecclesiastical Writings The 12th to King Ethelbald contains nothing remarkable The 13th 14th and 16th are directed to the Abbess Eatburg in them he recommends himself to her Prayers In the 15th to Nothelmus Bishop of Canterbury he prays him to hold the same Friendship and Correspondence with him which he had with his Predecessor Berthwald He earnestly requests him to send him a Copy of S. Austin's Questions to S. Gregory and this Pope's Answers in which he allows Kindred in the third Degree to marry He desires him to examine carefully whether these Answers be S. Gregory's because they are not in the Library of the Roman Church He asks his Opinion about a Person who had married a Widow to whose Daughter he had been Godfather and prays him to tell him if he had met with any Decree about it in the Canons or Holy Fathers Lastly he desires him to tell him in what Year of Jesus Christ the Persons whom S. Gregory sent to preach the Gospel in England arrived there The 17th is sent to certain Monks who had lost their Abbot In it he names another to them and gives them several Directions about a Monastick Life He also nominates a Priest and a Deacon who should have the Care of Divine Service and preach the Word of God to the Brotherhood The 18th contains some special Tokens of Christian Friendship and Love to the Arch-deacon to whom it is written The 19th is a Letter sent in the Name of Boniface and five other Bishops to Ethelbald or Ethelwald King of the Mercians Having commended this Prince for his Virtues particularly for his Liberality to the Poor and his Justice they tell him with a great deal of freedom that they have heard that he lives in Incontinence and shew him the enormous Nature of that Crime They reprove him also for depriving certain Monasteries of their Priviledges and Revenues and account it worthy of the Name of the great Sin of Sacriledge They complain also that his Magistrates and Justices imposed Taxes upon the Monks and Clergy they say that the Churches of England had enjoyed their Priviledges from the coming of Austin to the Reign of Chelred King of the Mercians and Ofred King of * Of Northumberland rathâ—r for Brnicia and Deria which had been two Kingdoms were united by Oswy and so made the Kingdom of Northumberland a little before Osred Reigned the Bernicians that these two Kings had committed very great Sins in abusing and wronging the Monks and destroying their Monasteries but had been punished for their Impiety and died most miserably They exhort him not to follow their Example and in the conclusion lay before his Eyes the shortness of this Life and the torments which attend Sinners in another The 20th Letter is to an Abbess who had laid down the Government of her Nunnery that she might live a more peaceable and quiet Life She had desired his advice Whether she should undertake a Journey to Rome He doth not disswade her from it but advises her to stay till the Disturbances in Italy were over In the 21st he writes to the Abbess Eatburg the Visions which a certain Person had seen who thought that his Soul was separated from his Body for a time He imagined himself to be taken up into Heaven and from thence to behold evidently all that pass'd in this World and in the other to hear the Angels and Devils disputing about the state of the Souls which were come out of the World that the Sins which they had committed stood up to accuse them but the few Virtues which they had practised appeared in their defence that he had seen Pits of Fire in the bottom of which were the Souls condemned to Eternal Flames and at the Mouths were those who should one day be delivered from their Punishments that he had seen Paradise and the way that the Souls of Just Men go thither when they depart out of the World that some fall into a River of Fire as they pass which throughly purges them who have smaller Sins to expiate Lastly that he saw the Storms which the Devils raised upon Earth and the Sins into which they plunged Men. The following Letters of Boniface are Letters of Compliment Thanks or private Matters The 32d is a Letter of Recommendation written by Charles Martel Controller of the Houshold to Chilperick King of France and Father of Pepin the next King in favour of Boniface The next are several Letters written to Boniface or Adelm The 44th is a Letter of Adelm to * Britannorum Cornubi-ensium Rex Uss. King Geruntius against some particular Customs in Ireland concering the Shaving of Clergy-Men and the Celebration of Easter After this come several Letters written by Lullus the Scholar of S. Boniface who succeeded him and by other English-Men In the 62d Lullus ordains a Week of Abstinence and two Days of Fasting to obtain fair Weather The 70th is a Letter of Cuthbert Archbishop of Canterbury and his Synod written to Lullus and to the Christians of Germany after the Death of Boniface In it he shews the respect they had for the Memory of Boniface and assures him that they determine to celebrate his Festival and take him for their Patron with S. Gregory and S Austin the Apostle of England They exhort the Bishops of Germany to discharge their Ministry with Vigilance and Sanctity and pray them to offer the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass for them promising to do the same on their part In the 87th Magingok Bishop of Wirtemberg consults Lullus about the inseparable Conjunction made by Marriage and observes the different Opinions of the Fathers about it The 91st is Boniface's and is directed to Pope Steven He desires him to continue the same Friendship and Protection to him which his Predecessors had granted him he promises for his part to continue his Labors and always bear
that expulsion Wilfrid enjoyed that Arch-bishoprick peaceably during King Oswi's Reign but he was turned out of it in the beginning of Egfrid's Reign towards the year 670. being deposed by Theodorus himself He presently withdrew into Friesland and thence went to Rome He was very well entertain'd by Pope Agatho who restored him to his Dignity in a Council of Bishops and that Sentence was confirm'd by the Popes Benedict and Sergius Being fortified with this Authority he came back again into England where he met with bad Entertainment and was imprisoned by the order of Queen Ermenburge Egfrid's Wife Being got out he went to preach the Gospel to the South-Saxons and baptized as it s believed Edelwach or Ethelwolfe their King Theodorus seeing That he had suffered himself to be surprized by S. Wilfrid's Enemies reconciled himself with him and prevailed with King Alfrid to consent to his re-establishment he return'd to York in 686. but five years after he was expelled again for refusing to receive some Constitutions made by Theodorus Arch-bishop of Canterbury He returned to his Bishoprick of Lichfield which he found vacant Some years after he was invited by Brithwald Arch-bishop of Canterbury to be present at a Synod within two Leagues of Rippon in hope of an agreement They urged him to withdraw into his Abby of Rippon and to quit his Bishoprick He did not only refuse to do it but he had recourse to the Holy See Therefore he went to Rome again and purged himself before Pope John in a Synod in the presence of the Deputies of both Parties and was declared innocent With this sentence he returned into England but Alfrid would not permit it to be executed Sexulfus who succeeded him continued in the same resolution but being turn'd out two Months after and Ofred having succeeded him Brithwald Arch-bishop of Canterbury went into Northumberland and there held a Synod in 705. near the River Nid at which the King also and the Officers and the great ones of the Country were present They read the Pope's Letters and after some difficulties raised by the Bishops of the Country they were reconciled and that long Contest was thus happily ended Wilfrid yielded up his Episcopal See of York to John of Beverly and he was restored to the possession of the Church of Haguestad and of the Abby of Rippon He died in 709. These Matters of Fact are certain being affirmed by Eddi S. Wilfrid's Disciple and Author of his Life by John VII's Letters and the relation of Bede's and William of Malmsbury A Council of Rome under Gregory II. THIS Council was held in April 721. in S. Peter's Church Twenty two Bishops were present at it among whom there was one of Spain one of England and another of Scotland Council of Rome Eleven Priests and 5 Deacons Gregory II. presided in it and published the Constitutions which were approved by all that were present The Eleven first are against them that Marry their Kindred Persons consecrated to God or the Wives of Priests and Deacons or who steal away Widows and Maidens The Twelfth is against those that consult Diviners or Sorcerers or use Enchantments The Thirteenth against those that invade Gardens or Places belonging to the Church The Fourteenth Fifteenth and Sixteenth against a * Adrianus the Son of Exhilaratus private Man who had married the Deaconness Epiphania And the Seventeenth against Clerks wearing long Hair A Council of Germany under Carloman THIS Council was assembled in Germany An. 742. by the order of Carloman the French Prince Boniface held the first place there Both the number of the Bishops and the place Council of Germany of it * In Longus Abridgment of the Councils it is said to have been at Râ—tisbon or Augsburg are unknown The Canons of this Council are set down in the Capitularies under the name of Carloman who declares That following the advice of his Bishops Monks and Lords he caused Bishops to be ordain'd in his Towns and subjected them to the Arch-bishop Boniface the Legate of the Holy See That he hath ordered a Synod to be kept every year in his Presence to re-establish the Churches Rights and to reform Manners and Discipline That he hath caused Church-lands that had been invaded to be restored hath deprived wicked Priests Deacons and Clerks guilty of Fornication of the Ecclesiastical Revenues degraded them and put them to Penance This is the sum of the first Canon The 2d imports That he hath forbidden Clerks to bear Arms or to go to the Army except those that have been chosen to celebrate Divine Service there and to carry the Relicks of Saints that is one or two Bishops with two Chaplains and two Priests for the Prince and for the Lord one Priest only to hear Confessions and impose Penances He forbids the Chair or Pulpit to the Clerks By the 3d Canon he enjoins Parsons to be subject to their Bishop to give him an account once a year in Lent of their Ministry to receive him when he is Visiting to go every year to fetch new Chrism on Holy-Thursday before Easter That the Bishop may be a Witness of the Chastity Life Faith and Doctrine of his Presbyters The 4th prohibits admitting into the Presbyterial or Episcopal Functions unknown Priests or Bishops before they be examined in a Synod The 5th orders Bishops with the help of the Magistrates to purge their Diocess from Pagan Superstitions The 6th ordains That he or she that shall henceforward fall into the Crime of Fornication shall be imprison'd and shall do Penance there with Bread and Water and if he be a Priest that hath committed this Crime he shall be shut up for two years having been whipt till the Blood comes and then the Bishop shall lay on him what Penance he pleases And if it be a simple Clerk or Monk he shall be whipt three times and then shut up for one year That the Nuns which have received the Veil shall be used after the same manner and shaved The 7th forbids Presbyters and Deacons to wear close Coats as Laicks do and ordains That they shall use long Cassocks It forbids them to have Women in their Houses with them It enjoins Monks and Nuns exactly to follow S. Benedict's Rule The Council of Lestines AN. 743. the same Carloman assembled a Council at Lestines near Cambray the Canons whereof do immediately follow the last mention'd in the Book of the Capitularies They go also Council of Lestines under Carloman's name declaring That in the Assembly then held at Lestines the Bishops Nobles and Governors of Provinces have confirm'd the foregoing Decrees of the Assembly promising to observe them to receive the Canons of the Fathers and to re-establish the Church-discipline and Doctrine in its Splendor That the Abbots and Monks have received S. Benedict's Rule and promised to keep it That they have degraded and put to Penance such Priests as are guilty of Adultery or Fornication and ordained
the Separation was neither for the love of Continence nor for publick and certain Adultery but only on meer Suspicion and that this Matter should have first have been examined by Lay-Judges and then the Bishops should have done their Duty and used the Authority of the Church He brought an Example of a Case that happened in the Reign of Lewis the Kind how a Woman of Quality Named Nothilda presented to a General Assembly of the Estate a Petition against her Husband Argembert This Prince bid her apply her self to the Bishops who should put her over to the Lay-men that they might judge of that Matter and enjoined her to follow their Judgment reserving to themselves a Power of putting either her or him to Penance who should be convinced of any Crime After the Judgment by hot Water was found favourable to the Princess Theutberga they that accused her said that these sort of Proofs were forbidden Hincmarus endeavours to maintain them by Authority and Use and affirms That the Man named by the Queen to undergo the Proof of hot Water not being so much as burnt or scalded it was a Miracle that could not be done to Authorize a Lye He adds That since this Judgment was not certain and they could not accuse the Person so cleared they ought not to make use of a secret Confession for that end It was also asked Hincmarus if it were not possible that the Queen might have to do with her Brother and conceive by him without losing her Virginity He laughs at this Proposition and says That if she were a Virgin when she was Married it was foolish to accuse her of being Defiled and imagine that she had conceived before her Marriage He sent back this Question to the Lay-Judges with another viz. Whether if a Woman who hath not lived honestly before Marriage but after lives honestly with her Husband deserves to be condemned to Death for her former Lewdness and whether it be not more fit to Pardon her They also asked Whether the King having had to do with another Woman after he heard that his Wife had committed this Crime was not guilty of Adultery He answers That he could not deny it but that he was guilty altho' at last his Wife were found guilty of the Crime for which he suspected her because he had done it before the Sentence of Divorce was passed He adds That tho' a Man be engaged by Oath to live with another Woman besides his Wife or a Woman with another Man besides her Husband they ought not to observe that Oath They also asked him If it were true that Sorcerers could make a Man and his Wife to hate each other Mortally He affirms that they can and proves by several Relations that there were such Magicians and Sorcerers and that the Devils could by the permission of God possess Men make them Mad and torment them He owns that if it were found that according to the Civil and Ecclesiastical Laws the Marriage of Theutberga were invalid she might be Divorced and the King Marry another but he maintains that till his Wife be declared unworthy to be so by the Judgment of the Lords and Advice of the Bishops he ought not to think of Marrying his Concubine Lastly After he hath confuted several pretences alledged for the maintenance of the Divorce of Lotharius and Theutberga he concludes that the Bishops ought to oppose such disorderly proceedings and if they did it not or did encourage them they were highly blameable before God Notwithstanding this opposition made by Hincmarus there was a Synod held in 862 at Aix la Council of Metz. Chapelle in which the Bishops assembled allowed Lotharius to Marry another Woman whereupon he immediately Married 〈◊〉 This business made a great noise and being carried to Rome Pope Nicolas wrote about it 〈◊〉 Charles who desired an opportunity to Quarrel with Lotharius and deprive him of his Kingdom but Lewis of Germany endeavoured to compose the Matter and Lotharius referred it to the Judgment of the States Then having Appealed to the Pope two Legats were Named to hold a Council where two Bishops of Lewis's and two of Charles's Kingdom met them that they might judge of this Matter This Council was held at Metz June 863. In it Lotharius went about to confirm his Marriage by the Artifices of Gonthierus and Thietgaldus and by corrupting the Popes Legats Gonthierus and Thietgaldus had the boldness to bring the A Council at Rome Sentence to Rome but Pope Nicolas instead of confirming it called a Council in which he declared the Judgment of the Synod at Metz null and void Deposed Gonthierus and Thietgaldus and declared That all the Bishops which concurred in that Sentence had incurred the greatest Punishment which he resolved to inflict on them unless they changed their Opinion Gonthierus and Thietgaldus stoutly defended themselves and sent a Letter against Pope Nicolas's Sentence to all the Bishops with a Protestation That they had signified it to him in which they declare him Excommunicate because he had as they said gone contrary to the Canons favouring persons Excommunicated and separating himself from the Society of other Bishops meerly through Pride But the other Prelates of Lotharius's Kingdom excused themselves to the Pope Thietgaldus also begged Pardon but could not obtain Absolution so long as Pope Nicolas lived but Gonthierus Archbishop of Cologne could never be brought to beg Pardon Lotharius himself did all he could to appease the Pope who desired that Waldrada should come to Rome in Person and receive Absolution She promised him and went twice into Italy but repenting as often of her submission returned back again wherefore the Pope having called a Synod Excommunicated her and wrote several sharp Letters to Lotharius the Younger Afterward he sent a Legat into France Named Atsenius who addressing himself to Lewis of Germany called a Synod in which Lotharius was forced to take his former Wife but as soon as the Legat was gone he began to use her ill and to enter a Process against her for Adultery so that she was forced to put her self under the Protection of King Charles The Pope was very much concerned at it and Excommunicated Waldrada a-new At the same time there were two other Matters of like nature Debated between Hincmarus the Bishops of the Kingdom and Charles on the one part and Gonthierus and the Bishops of The Business of Judith and Baldwin Lotharius's Kingdom on the other The one was about Judith the Daughter of K. Charles the Widow * Ethelbald whose Father Ethelwolfe had had her to Wife before of the King of England who was taken away from Senlis by Earl Baldwin who was fled into the Kingdom of Lotharius and the other concerning Ingeltrude the Wife of Boson who had left her Husband and was fled into the Diocess of Gonthierus As to the first of these it was soon ended by the intercession of Pope Nicolas for Earl Baldwin whom
he added some other Rules which ordered That Publick Sinners should be put to Penance in Publick by the Authority of the Bishops to whom the Curates are obliged to send them That if they do not present themselves to receive them after they have been advertised of it by the Priests they shall be Excommunicated within 15 days That they shall require nothing for Burials and no Man shall Celebrate Mass but upon a Consecrated Altar or Table He also made some other Constitutions in 874 in July Commanding That Priests Curates and Prebends should reside in their Benefices and not retire into Monasteries That they should take nothing to make Church-Wardens and should allow those that are chosen a part of their Tithes to be employed about the Buildings and Ornaments of the Church That Priests should not be familiar with Women nor enrich themselves with the Revenues of the Church That they should give nothing to Patrons to be Nominated to any vacant Church These are the Constitutions which Hincmarus made for the Priests but lest the Archdeacons who are to put them in Execution in their Visits should not give them in Charge to the Curates he made July 877. an Order in which he forbids them to go their Visitations with many Attendants or Horses to require or exact any thing of them to stay long with them Not to meddle with the Division of Parishes to make the Ancient Churches to be still subject to their Parishes in which there have always been Priests to suffer no Man to have a Chapel without the permission of the Archbishop to Discharge no Penitents through favour before they have done their Penance nor to Ordain any Persons not duly qualified or to settle any Deans without the Authority of the Bishops After these Constitutions follows in the Works of Hincmarus a Recital of the Ceremonies and The Coronations of Kings Prayers used at the Coronation of Charles the Bald for the Kingdom of Lotharius Celebrated at Metz by Hincmarus Sept. 8. 869. as also at the Coronation of Lewis Dec. 8. 877. and of Judith the Daughter of Charles when she was Married to Ethelwolfe King of England An. 856. as also of Queen Hermentrude celebrated at Soissons Hincmarus also in a Letter to Charles the Bald gives various Instructions to Princes out of the Some Instructions of Hincmarus to Charles the Bald. Fathers which he lays down as undoubted Truths viz. That God makes good Kings and permits bad ones That a good Prince is the greatest Happiness of the People and a bad one their greatest Misfortune That a Wise Government is the greatest Proof of great Power That a King should choose Wise Experienced and Virtuous Men That nothing is better than for Rulers to know how they ought to Rule That it is most profitable that good Kings have the greatest Kingdoms That Necessity only should make them make War That War is Lawful if it be Just That God gives the Victory to whom he pleases That they ought to be Prayed for that Dye in Battels That Kings serve God by making Laws for his Honour That they are obliged to compel Men to do good and punish them justly That they may sometimes shew favour but they should be careful they do it not unfitly That they should be continually upon their Guard that they be not surprized by their Favourites or Flatterers They should have no Wicked Men about them nor Pardon their Relations That they ought to mix Justice with Mercy After he hath thus spoken of a Prince as endued with Kingly Powers he then lays down the Virtues of a Prince considered as a Christian which is nothing but a Collection of Texts of Scripture and Sentences of the Fathers concerning the Duties of a Christian Life He hath also a third Letter to the same King concerning the Nature of the Soul He holds that it is Spiritual not confined to a place and doth not move locally altho' it changes its Will and Manners He also moves this Question Whether we shall see God in another World by the Eyes of our Body or only by the Eyes of the Soul In the Year 858 Lewis Emperor of Germany entred Charles's Kingdom to Invade him while Hincmarus's Advice to Lewis of Germany he was gone to War against the Britans and Normans Hincmarus and the other Bishops of his Diocess whom he had told the States that they must stay a Reims sent a Remonstrance to him in which they tell him plainly That he was Unjust to his Brother in entring into his Kingdom in an Hostile manner exhorting him to make Peace with him to turn his Arms against the Pagans to preserve the Priviledges of the Church and suffer no Man to Rob it of its Revenues to restore those Monasteries of the Monks which are in the possession of Lay-men to take care that the Monks live according to their Rule and that the Revenues of Hospitals should be disposed of rightly by the Overseers with the Authority of the Bishops He then gives him some Directions how he ought to Live and Reign and how he ought to govern the General Synod of France In 859 Charles being ready to march against Lewis Hincmarus wrote to him to hinder the Disorders His Advice to King Charles and Pillaging which the Soldiers use to make He also admonishes the Church-men at Court by another Letter to hinder the Soldiers which were used to Pillage to do it again Lastly He admonisheth the Priests of the Diocess of Reims to Excommunicate them who after Admonition should continue to Pillage any In 875 after the Death of Lewis King of Italy and Emperor Charles the Bald being gone into A Remonstrance to Lewis of Germany Italy to be Crowned Emperor and possess himself of Italy Lewis of Germany falls upon France to give him a Diversion Hincmarus presents him with a long Petition full of Quotations of the Fathers to stop him in this Enterprize and was effectual The same Year John Bishop of Cambray was written to by Hincmarus who gave him Directions The manner of proceeding against a Priest how he should deal with the Priest Hunoldus who was suspected of an unlawful familiarity with a Woman He says That the Custom of the Province hath been to make inquiries about the Priest who is thus charged and defamed that their Witnestes must be Sworn and Interrogated concerning his frequent converse and familiarity with Women That after the Deposition of 6 Witnesses there ought to be a 7th to prove the Fact That if there be no Witnesses but it be only a Common report the Priest must clear himself by the Oath of 6 of his Neighboring Priests Some time after in 878 he condemned a Priest of his Diocess himself Named Goldbaldus The Condemnation of a Priest who was accused of conversing with a Woman the Fact was proved but the Priest fled from Judgment The Instrument of this Priest's Deposition is among Hincmarus's Works In the
and propounds 3 Questions to the Learned Men of his time he is condemned in two Councils at Mentz and Queircy and imprisoned in the Abby at Haute Villium Two Councils at Mentz and Queircy against Gotteschalcus about the same time A Book of Gotteschalcus against Rabanus and two Confessions of Faith made by him in his Imprisonment Hincmarus wrote a Book against him Charles 849 III. VIII IX  Charles the Bald orders Lupus of Ferrara and Bertram to write about the Questions of Predestination and Grace and of the Nature of the Soul A Council at Paris Bertram wrote a Letter against Hincmarus's Book Prudentius wrote also upon the same Subject 850 IV. IX X.  The Controversie about Predestination Grace grows famous and many Writings pass on both sides A Dispute about the Eucharist between Paschasius and his Adversaries A Council of the Province of Sens which wrote a Letter to Arcantaus Hincmarus and Rabanus wrote against Gotteschalcus Lupus of Ferrara made a Treatise and two Letters upon the 3 Questions and wrote several other Letters Bertram and J. Scotus made their Treatises of Predestination Prudentius and Florus confute Scotus Amalanus's Letter to Eribald upon the Question of Stercoranism Hermanricus Rodolphus Hermantarius Milo and Vandalbert flourish 851 V. X. XI  Ebbo once Arch-bishop of Rheims dyed March 17.  Amolo Archbishop of Lyons wrote to Hincmarus Hincmarus wrote to the Church of Lyons 852 VI. XI XII Lotharius admits his Son Lewis to rule with him    The Church of Lyons send a sharp Answer to Hincmarus Hincmarus's Constitutions for his own Church published Nov. 1. 853 VII XII XIII  Hincmarus hath his 4 Articles confirm'd at Quiercy Prudentius opposes them Walfadus and the Clerks ordain'd by Ebbo are degraded at the Council of Soissons Councils at Soissons Apr. Verbery in Aug. Quiercy Sens to elect a Bishop of Paris Rome in December The Four Articles of Queircy Some Articles drawn up by Prudentius in opposition to those approv'd at Quiercy 854 VIII XIII XIV  The Church of Lyons opposes the Articles of Quiercy An Assembly of Bishops at Attigny The Church of Lyons cause Remigius the Archbishop to confute the Articles of Quiercy 855 IX Leo IV. XIV Michael XV. Lotharius Lotharius's Children The Decision of the Council of The Council of Valence The Treatise of Bertram and J. Scotus  dyed July 17th and Benedict 3 was chosen in his Place I. deposed his Mother Theodota by the advice of Barda whom he made Caesar retir'd into the Monastery of Prom and dyed Sept. 28. and Lewis II. succeeded him divide the Kingdom Lewis the eldest had Italy and the Empire Lotharius Lorraine Charles Provence Valence about the Questions of Predestination and Grace held in January about the Sacrament against Paschasins 856 II. XV. II. Judith Daughter of Charles the Bald married to Ethelwolf King of England The Canons of the Council of Valence The Letters of the Church of Lyons and J. Scotus's Propositions are deliver'd to Charles the Bald who gave them to Hinomarus to examine and answer them Benedict approv'd the Judgment given against the Clerks ordain'd by Ebbo An Assembly of Bishops at Bonnevil The Death of Râ—banus the Author of a great number of Works Herard Archbishop of Tours makes a Collection of Ecclesiastical Laws Hincmarus made a Treatise about Predestination and Free-will upon the occasion of the Canons of the Council of Valence Angelomus a Monk of Lexevil composed his Comments upon Holy Scripture 857 III. XVI III.   The Council of Quiercy in February A Synod of the Clergy at Rheims in June Some other Constitutions of Hincmarus for his own Church added to the former 858 IV. Benedict III. died April 8. Nicholas I made April 22. XVII IV.  Photius made Patriarch of Constantinople and Ignatius deposed about Christmas A Council at Quiercy in November Hincmarus's Advice to Lewis of Germany Photius a Person admirable for his Knowledge and Learning made several Works 859 II. XVIII V.  The Canons of the Council of Valence about Grace were presented to the Councils of Langres and Savonnieres for their Approbation but they put it off to a fuller Council Hincmarus Nephew of the Arch-bishop of Rheims made Bishop of Laon. Councils at Constantinople against Ignatius Langres Metz and Savonnieres in June Hincmarus's Exhortation to Charles the Bald. The Death of Eulogius the Martyr Alvarus his Brother writes Ado succeeds Augibrom in the Archbishop â—ick of Vienna 860 III. XIX VI.  Prudentius carries the Business to Rome and desires the Confirmation of Pope Nicholas of the Canons of the Council of Valence The Contest between Hincmarus and Bertram about the Words Trina Deitas Lotharius nulls his Marriage with Theutberga Gonthierus consults Hincmarus about Ingeltrude the Wife of Baldwin who had left her Husband Another Question of the Divorce between the Daughter of Earl Raimond and Steven Councils at Aix-la-Chapelle about the Divorce of Theutberga in February Coblentz Toussy near Toul in October Photius's Letter to Pope Nicholas and the Pope's Answer to it Hincmarus makes his last Treatise of Predestination The Treatises of Hincmarus and Bertram about the Words Trina Deitas Hincmarus's Treatise against the Divorce of Queen Theutberga Hincmarus's answer to Gonthierus about the parting of the Wife of Boson Another Letter of Hincmarus about the Separation of Earl Ramand's Daughter and Steven 861 IV. XX. VII  The Prosecution of Ignatius The Council of Constantinople of 318 Bishops in the Presence of Zachary and Rodoaldus who confirm'd Photius's Ordination and Ignatius's deposition Hugbaldus and Iso write 362 V. XXI VIII  Lotharius married Waldrada Councils at Sablonieres Piste Rome which declar'd Photius's Ordination void restor'd Ignatius and condemned Zachary and Rodoaldus Aix-la-chapelle about the Divorce of Theutberga Pope Nicholas's Letter in favour of Ignatius 363 VI. XXII IX  Hincmarus accuses Rothadus to the Council of Senlis but he appealed to the Holy See He was condemned the Pope engages for him A Council at Metz approves the Marriage of Lotharius with Waldrada Pope Nicholas in a Councildeclares the divorce of Queen Theutbarga null and excommunicates Councils at Metz about the Marriage of Waldrada Rome against the former Senlis against Rothadus       Waldrada deposing Gonthierus and Thietgaldus King Charles pardons Earl Baldwin for stealing his Daughter Judith   864 VII XXIII X.  Lotharius is forced by a Council to take Theutbrga but he used her so ill that she left him soon after A Council at Rome against Rodoaldus Pope Nicholas writes to Charles the Bald against Hincmarus and other Bishops in favour of Rothadus Hincmarus wriâ—es an Answer to justifie himself Paschasius writes a Letter to Frudegarius about the Expressions he found fault with in his Book of the Eucharist Scotus went into England 865 VIII XXIV XI  Rothadus went to Rome and was absolved there A Council at Rome to restore Rothadus
who were ordain'd during the Schism 70. A Prohibition to receive several Orders on the same Day 118. The Age requisite for Admission into Orders 72 119. A Punishment inflicted on those who procure Ordination for Money 119. A Constitution enjoining Abbots Deans and Arch-Priests to enter into Priests Orders 58. P PAle a sort of Linen Covering for the Chalice the Reason of its Use 94 95. Pall the Metropolitans oblig'd to desire it of the See of Rome 66 and 126. The Archbishops and Bishops to whom it was granted in the Eleventh Century 12 15 23 29 61 70 and 92. Allow'd only to those who went to Rome to fetch it 15 65 and 91. Deny'd to an Archbishop of Tours 5. Paschasius Robertus his Sentiments concerning the Eucharist approv'd 7 8 and 9. Those of Joan. Scotus his Adversary condemned ibid. Pax Vobis That the Bishops were wont to say Pax Vobis in the time of Peter Damian 95. Penance Constitutions about it 44 58 73 and 74. Declared false unless it be proportion'd to the Quality of the Crimes 44. Abbots forbidden to impose Penance without the Consent of their Bishops 58. And Monks without that of their Abbots 123. Of those that are undergone to expiate the Offences of others 90. Causes of the Relaxation of Penance 126. Pentecost See Whiâ—sontide St. Peter and St. Paul why the Images of the latter are set on the right Hand and those of St. Peter on the left 97. St. Peter's Abbey at Chartres a Contest about an irregular Grant made to that Monastery 3. Peter Archbishop of Narboâ—ne excommunicated by Pope Gregory VII 43. Peter the Hermit the Effect of his Remonstrances for a Crusade 74. Peter pence exacted by the Pope of William II. King of England 30. A Constitution about the Payment of them 122. Philip I. King of France his Contests with Pope Gregory VII 48. The Threats and Reproaches put upon that Prince by the same Pope ibid. Philip is divorc'd from Bertha and marries Bertrade 73. Pope Urban II. reproves the Bishops of France about that Marriage 72. The King is excommunicated on that account in the Councils of Auâ—un and Clermonâ— 73 His Absolution reserv'd to the Pope 72. He is absolv'd in the Council of Wismes 75. Pilgrimages their Use approv'd by Peter Damian 91. Poland the Advice given by Pope Gregory VII to the Dukes of Poland 51. Pontius Bishop of Beziers for what Reason depos'd 56. Popes of their Spiritual and Temporal Authority 25. What Pope caus'd the changing of their Names at their Ordination to be authoriz'd by an express Law 23. Different Opinions about the time when their Names were ras'd out of the Diyptichs or Registers of the Greek Church 81 and 82. The unjust Pretensions of the Popes 126. The Infringements made by the Court of Rome of the Authority of the Ordinaries and of the Liberties and Immunities of the Churches ibid. That they are liable to be surpriz'd â—13 That they ought not to be obey'd when they forbid the doing of Good 101. The manner how they ought to proceed in granting Absolution to Offenders excommunicated by the Bishops 113. The Election of Popes reserv'd to the Cardinals 27 and 126. A Constitution about that Affair 27. Of the Right of the Emperors in their Elections 92 93. What may occasion the Shortness of their Life 96 A Prohibition to pillage the Revenues and Estates of the Popes after their Death 27. The Establishment of their Temporal Sovereignty in the City of Rome 126. Power a Distinction between the Regal and the Sacerdotal Power 87. Praxeda Empress her Declaration against the Emperor Henry III. her Husband 73. Presenâ—s That they are not to be receiv'd indifferently from all manner of Person 87. Priesthood of the Dignity and Duties of that Function 96. Priests what Punishments is incurr'd by those who celebrate Mass without communicating 5 and 6. They cannot be admitted into nor turn'd out of a Church without the Bishop's Consent 76. Nor become Vassals to Laicks ibid. Disputes between the Greeks and Latins about the Marriage of Priests 77 and 78. See Clergy-men and Clerks Primate the Title of Universal Primate forbidden to be attributed to any but the Bishop of Rome 114. Procession of the Holy Ghost of his Procession from the Father and the Son 92. Maintain'd by Peter Damian 97. And St. Anselm in a Council 92. A Treatise written by that Saint on the same Subject 94. Pudicus Bishop of Naâ—â—es depos'd in a Council for succeeding his Father in that Bishoprick 115. Q QUietists the Errors of that Sect observable in Simeon the Younger 107. R RAdâ—lphus Duke of Suabia See Rodolphus Rainier Bishop of Orleans a Contest between him and his Chapter 64. The Pâ—pe's Threats denounc'd against him ibid. Saâ—zon chosen in his place ibid. Râ—inier a Priest a Vision seen by him 87. Ravishers Punishments to be inflicted on them 75. Reginald Bishop of Cumae receives a Letter from Pope Gregory VII 34. Relicks the Latins accus'd of not shewing due Respect to them 81. Testimonies to the contrary 82. Those of St. Matthew found by a Bishop 6â— St. Remy the Dedication of his Church at Rheims and the Translation of his Body 114. Repentance Constitutions about it 44 58. 73 and 74. Declar'd Counterfeit unless proportion'd to the Quality of the Offences 44. See Penance Restitution that of other Mens Goods ordain'd in a Council 74. Revenge condemned in Clergy-men by Peter Daâ—iaâ— 87. Reveâ—ues of the Church of their Original 88. The Alienation of them forbidden ibid. Of their Use 6 75 88. Constitutions against Laicks who seâ—ze on them 28 and 29. Those who usurp them liable to Excommunication 3 30 43 and 75. A Custom that was us'd for the preserving of them condemn'd by Peter Damian 87. Church-Revenues cannot be recover'd by the Donors 75 and 76. An Ordinance about the Possession of them by Abbots 44. Richard Duke of Capua an Oath of Allegiance exacted of that Prince by Pope Gregory VII 54. Richerus Archbishop of Sens how he oppos'd an Attempt made by the Pope's Legate 58. A Penalty impos'd on the Archbishop for refusing to acknowledge the Primacy of the Metropolitan of Lyons 59. Rituals of the Difference between those of Clergy-men and those of Monks 94. Robert Abbot of Rebais a Contest about his Election and Ordination 58. He is excommunicated and another is substituted in his room ibid. Robert Count of Flanders the Restitution of the Church-Revenues made by that Prince 71. His Absolution reserv'd to Hugh Bishop of Die 58. The time of his Death 71. Rodolphus Duke of Suevia imploy'd by Pope Gregory VII to negotiate a Reconciliation with the Emperor Henry III. 34. He himself is chosen and crown'd Emperor of Germany 42. He besieges and takes Wurtzburg but loses that City a little after 43. The ill Success of his Arms in the War that he maintain'd against Henry 44. The Pope confers on him the Empire of Germany 45. He is defeated in Battel and dies of his
for him recommends him to the Popes mercy for absolution The CXXXVIth Letter is to Adela Countess of Chartres telling her that if his inclinations were for War and broils he had the offer of such potent succours as might Enable him to create her great disturbance but Peace he had always desir'd and thought it had been firmly setled between them till he had the News of her Son William's rash Oath to ruin him and his Church that out of respect to her he had hitherto forborn to Excommunicate him and hoped she would contrive some means to prevent all such irregularities for the future The CXXXVIIth is to the Chapter of Beauvais concerning one of their Canons who was prosecuted by an Action of Law in the King's Court of Justice Ivo minds them that by the orders of the Church no Clergyman is to be Cited before any but the Ecclesiastical Judges and that if they have Courage enough they ought to endure any thing rather than the loss of their Rights and Privileges but if they cannot resolve to suffer in defence of them he can only advise them to submit to what they cannot remedy and assist them by his Prayers for their prudent Behaviour and good Success The CXXXVIIIth Letter to Volgrin and Steven Arch-Deacons of Paris is occasion'd by the great contests among the Clergy of that City about the Election of a Bishop Ivo declares he will never consent to any Election that is not made by the unanimous consent of the Clergy and People and Confirmed by the Metropolitan and his Suffragans he admonishes them not to be sway'd by hatred or Ambition and wonders at their consenting to a hearing of this cause before the King In the CXXXIXth he puts Daimbert Arch-Bishop of Sens in mind that the contest about the Election of a Bishop of Paris ought to be determined by him in Consistory and that he should Convene the Bishops his Suffragans for that purpose when and where he pleas'd In The CXLth he Asserts that no Man-ought to Scruple assisting at Divine Service or receiving the Sacrament from the hands of a Priest suspected of Scandal or notorious for an ill Life In The CXLIst he assures Richard Bishop of Albane and Legat of the Holy See that he should as heartily rejoyce at King Philip's absolution as he had griev'd at his being Excommunicate if it might be for the Honour of God and of the Holy See to grant it that though he somewhat doubts of the Sincerity of the King's Conversion yet he will not oppose his being Absolv'd but advises that the Ceremony be perform'd as publickly and Solemnly as is possible and rather at any other place than at Sens He tells him moreover he would willingly appear at the Council he Summons him to if he will obtain for him the King's Passport without which he dares not venture abroad his Majesty having been incens'd against him for these Ten Years past This Letter was written in the Year 1104. The CXLIId is a Letter of Thanks to Mathilda Queen of England for the Bells she had given to the Church of Chartres and her promise of repairing and New-Adorning that Church The CXLIIId carries Ivo's acknowledgments to Robert Earl of Meulan for the kind reception he gave to Richard Abbot of Preaux and Prays him to hasten the Restitution of the goods of his Monastery The CXLIVth informs Pope Paschal of what was done in the Assembly of Bishops call'd together at Baugency by his Legat Girard Bishop of Albane to be witnesses of the Separation of King Philip and Bertrade He tells him they were both ready to Swear upon the Holy Evangelists that they would Forbear all Carnal knowledge of each other the Legate would have had the Bishops have given judgment upon them but they declin'd it and so the whole came to Nothing Ivo therefore prays the Pope to put an End to this matter and dispense with the King as far as he can He acquaints the Pope also that Gualon not finding it possible to get possession of the Bishoprick of Beauvais because of King Louis's Oath against admitting him he hopes he may be Transfer'd to the See of Paris to which he has been also Elected by the Clergy and People of that City In The CXLVth he intreats Manasses Arch-Bishop of Rheims to determine as speedily as may be whether Gualon shall continue Bishop of Beauvais or not In The CXLVIth he acquaints Daimbert Arch-Bishop of Sens that the Clergy and People of Paris have unanimously Elected Gualon for their Bishop and that since no Bishop can be Translated to another See without Leave from his Metropolitan and the Popes Dispensation he prays him to use his interest at Rome to obtain one for Gualon In The CXLVIIth he intercedes with Pope Paschal to dispense with the Oath taken by the Chapter of Chartres not to admit into their Fraternity the Sons of such as had been Servants to any one so that they may hereafter be allow'd to admit the Sons of any of the Earl of Chartres Domesticks or the Officers of the King's Revenues and assures his Holiness that without abating of the Rigour of that Oath the Church of Chartres could never enjoy any Peace In The CXLVIIIth to Hildebert Bishop of Mans he determines that a certain Man who as he writes had promised Marriage to his Concubine in her Sickness was bound by the Law of God to acknowledge her afterwards for his Wife In The CXLIXth he exhorts William Arch-Bishop of Rouen to Expel out of the Diocess of Lisieux the Sons of Count Ranulf Flambard who had seiz'd upon it and to substitute in their place the Arch-Deacon of Eureux In the CLth he excuses himself to Pope Paschal for not coming to the Council held by him in the Month of March of which he had not Notice time enough before hand In The CLIst he complains to Walter Bishop of Beauvais of his having Consecrated Odo Abbot of St. Quintin in that City without his consent and contrary to the Opinion and desires of the Fraternity of that House In The CLIId he Stirs up Ledger Arch-Bishop of Bourges to Vindicate a certain Earl of his Country who had formerly shewn himself his true Friend from the abuses he suffers under In the CLIIId he Earnestly exhorts William Arch-Bishop of Rouen and Gilbert Bishop of Eureux to drive out of the Bishoprick of Lisieux Ranulf Bishop of Durham in England and his two Sons who had possess'd themselves of that Diocess In The CLIVth he advises Robert Earl of Meulan to petition the King of England not to countenance the usurpations of Ranulf In the CLVth to Odo Arch-Deacon of Orleans Ivo Treats of this Question if a Woman who has commited Fornication and is great with Child may Marry and concludes that in strictness no great Bellied Woman ought to have Carnal knowledge of any Man but considering the infirmity of the Flesh St. Paul advises Men to use their own Wives for avoiding
Tryal of Ordeal but that it is sufficient for her to purge her self upon Oath In the CCLIIId he recommends to King Loüis's favour and protection Godfrey Bishop of Amiens who had met with ill usage in his Diocess In the CCLIVth he vouches for Geofrey Arch-Bishop of Roüen to Pope Paschal that it was not in his power to wait upon his Holiness at Rome as he would otherwise have done The CCLVth is a Letter of Consolation to Ralph Abbot of Fusein in his sickness exhorting him to bear his afflictions patiently and to see one chosen in his stead to govern the Monastery if he find himself uncapable of doing it telling him also that the Extream Unction being a Sacrament needs not be Repeated In the CCLVIth he disswades Rainaud a Monk from turning Hermite In the CCLVIIth he gives Philip Bishop of Troyes an Account of the Accommodation made by the Regular Canons of St. Quintin at Beauvais between Odo Prior of St. Georges and some of his Canons In the CCLVIIIth he recommends to Pope Paschal the Affairs of Hubert Bishop of Senlis In the CCLIXth he expostulates with Ralph Arch-Bishop of Rheims concerning a Judgment he had given against the Church of St. Quintin at Beauvais with Relation to a Mill they claim'd Right to and lays before him the wrong he conceives done to them In the CCLXth he assures Steven of Guarland the King's Chancellor that he may with a safe Conscience be Elected to succeed Gualon Bishop of Paris who is to be remov'd to Beauvais In the CCLXIst he disswades Henry King of England from Marrying his Daughter to Hugh an Earl in the Diocess of Chartres there being too near a Relation between them In the CCLXIId to Pontius Abbot of Cluny he shews him the reason why in the Consecration of the Cup at the Lord's Supper the words Mystery of Faith are added which were not us'd by our Saviour at the Institution of this Sacrament and says among other things that this is done because we judge of the greatness of the Mystery contained in it not by the Senses but by Faith By the CCLXIIId he represents to the Clergy of Beauvais how much he is griev'd for their sufferings In the CCLXIVth he intercedes with King Louis for the Clergy and People of that City In the CCLXVth he acquaints that Prince how much he had been misinform'd by some who had suggested to him that the Clergy of the Church of Chartres do invade the Rights of the Chapter and represents to him that they only hinder them from some exactions prohibited by the Holy See In the CCLXVIth to Conon Bishop of Palestine and Legate of the Holy See in France after giving him an Account of his having Excommunicated Hugh for a breach of Peace he prays him to make choice of wise and Religious Persons to be judges at the Tryal he is to have with the Monks of Marmoutier for the Church of St Nicholas de Courbeville The CCLXVIIth Letter is to the same Legate about the same Affair Ivo therein sends his excuse that he could not wait on him in person to plead for himself In the CCLXVIIIth he writes to the Bishops of Beauvais Chalons Amiens and Senlis Commissioners for hearing this Cause letting them know that judgment had already been given in favour of the Bishop of Chartres by Hugh Bishop of Die in a Council held at Issoudun In the CCLXIXth he tells Bernier Abbot of Bonneval that he ought not to hinder one of his Monks from turning Hermite In the CCLXXth to Turgedus Bishop of Auranches he advises him to submit to the decision of the Pope's Legate or to send deputies to Rome to plead there in his own behalf In the CCLXXIst he thanks Pope Paschal for granting to the Clergy of Chartres a Confirmation of their Privileges to shelter them from the exactions of the Chapter And whereas two of that body had disputed the Authority of the Popes Decree and complain'd of it to the King he prays his Holiness to do what he thinks farther necessary to enforce the Execution of it In the CCLXXIId he exhorts Reginald Bishop of Anger 's to be reconciled to one Mathilda of his Diocess and to endeavour to reclaim her from ill courses In CCLXXIIId he intercedes with Conon the Pope's Legate to moderate the Sentence of Excommunication issued out by him against the Bishops of Normandy in favour of the Bishop of Bayeux In the CCLXXIVth he writes to Pope Paschal concerning a Controversy he has with the Monks of Marmoutier who to create him trouble had appeal'd to Rome and cited him to appear there though living at a great distance and very ill he intreats the Pope to appoint some to judge between them at home and wishes him not to grant any Clergy-man a dispensation to hold two Benefices In the CCLXXVth he informs Conon the Pope's Legate that he has acquainted Count Theobald with the Sentence of Excommunication he had published against all that had a hand in taking the Earl of Nevers and which would have its course against him if he did not set the Earl at Liberty by a time therein prefix'd him He says the Count was somewhat surpriz'd that the King had referr'd this matter to the Ecclesiastical Judicature since he is very ready to appear before the King's Judges and doubts not but he can make it appear to them that not he but the Earl of Nevers is to blame and offers if they shall require it to deliver him up to them By the CCLXXVIth he recommends to Pope Pascal Turstin Arch-Bishop of York Elect. In the CCLXXVIIth to Aldebert Bishop Elect of Mans he tells him he hears he was guilty of several irregularities while he was an Arch-Deacon and that he was nor Canonically Elected to the Bishoprick He refers him therefore to the witness of his own Conscience and exhorts him not to take the Government of others upon him while he himself lies under any such guilt The CCLXXVIIIth is a Letter of Compliment to Robert Bishop of Lincoln In the CCLXXIXth to Lisiard Bishop of Soissons he perswades him to receive one of the Clergy of his Church upon his submitting to Penance or to give him leave to remove to some other Church In the CCLXXXth to the same Bishop Ivo determines that a Married man may not be suffer'd to accuse his Wife of Adultery upon suspicion only nor to force her to pass the Tryal by red-hot irons In the CCLXXXIst he writes to Ansehn Bishop of Beauvais that he is ready at any time to attest that the Clergy of St. Peters in Beauvais had granted to the Regular Canons of St. Quintin in that City the inheritance of a piece of Land they now lay claim to again The CCLXXXIId is an Instrument in Form by which Ivo takes into the protection of the Church of Chartres an Hospital for poor People lying at Châteaudun The CCLXXXIIId is an Act for Consecrating a piece of ground near Tiron for a Church-yard
were sincere in his desires of the Peace it was requisite he should remit the Investitures but that he would not thereby diminish the least of his Prerogative because then the Case would be the same as it was in France where though the Bishops neither before nor after Consecration received their Investiture from the King yet they were not thereby dispens'd from discharging their Duties to him whether in paying Taxes or contributing towards the Soldiery or any other Dues whatsoever The Emperor said that he desired nothing more provided the Pope would do him Justice and restore to his Subjects the Lands which they had lost during the War These two Deputies having gain'd this Concession from the Emperor went to wait upon the Pope who was hard by Paris and propos'd the Business to him He immediately sent the Cardinal Bishop of Ostia and another Cardinal to finish the Treaty with him They met the Emperor between Metz and Verdun and agreed with him in Writing about the same things and for a compleat consummation of this Affair the Emperor promis'd to meet the Pope at Mouzon on the 24th of October The Council of Rheims open'd on the 21st of October The Pope and Lewis King of France were personally present at it and it consisted of fifteen Arch-Bishops above 200 Bishops of France Spain The Council of Rheims in the Year 1119. Germany and England and a great many Abbots and other Ecclesiasticks The Pope made a Discourse on the Gospel for the Day and Conon made another upon the Pastoral Care In this Council King Lewis preferr'd several Complaints against Henry King of England Geofrey Arch-Bishop of Roan undertook to answer him but was forc'd to be silent by the Noise that arose in the Assembly Afterwards Hildegarda Countess of Poictiers appear'd in the Council and complain'd that her Husband had left her and marry'd another Woman The Bishop of Saintes and other Prelates of Aquitain undertook the Defence of their Prince and excus'd him for not appearing because he was sick The Pope accepted of this Excuse and put off the Tryal of this Cause till another time The Contest which afterwards was started between Audin Bishop of Eureux and Amaury who had turn'd him out of that Bishoprick rais'd a great Heat between the French and the Normans The Pope to lay it made a Discourse on the Advantages of Peace and Unity and declar'd that the Emperor had propos'd an Accommodation and that he was to meet him at Mouzon to put an End to it that he desir'd the Prelates to stay till his Return which should be very speedy The Cardinals who had waited upon the Emperor the Bishop of Chalons and the Abbot of Clugny gave an Account of their Negotiation to the Council On the morrow the Pope took his Leave of the Assembly recommended them to put up their The Negotiation between the Pope and the Emperor Prayers and Wishes for the Peace and the next day set out for Mouzon He arriv'd there on the Thursday and after he had conferr'd with the Prelates whom he had brought along with him and read over again the Projects of the Accommodation he sent the Deputies who had already commenc'd this Negotiation to the Emperor That Prince at first deny'd that he had made any such promise afterwards they debated how the Pope should receive him in giving him Absolution but could come to no agreement On the morrow the Emperor desir'd farther time and the Pope perceiving that he sought to procrastinate the Business retir'd to a Castle belonging to the Count of Troyes with an Intention of returning back again The Emperor desir'd time till Munday but the Pope would not grant it and after he had order'd him to be told that if he were sincerely intent upon Peace he was ready to grant it him either in or after the Council He set out on Sunday Morning and return'd with all expedition to Rheims The next day being fatigued by his Journey he could not stay long in the Council he only gave them an Account of his Proceedings at Mouzon On Tuesday he was not there at all but on Wednesday he appear'd At first they debated of a great many private matters and afterwards the Pope publish'd five Canons The first was against the Simoniacal who either bought or sold any Ecclesiastical Goods The second was against Investitures The Third against those who either seiz'd or detain'd the Revenues of Churches The Fourth against those who left them to their Heirs by way of Succession and against the Priests who exacted Money for the Administration of the Sacraments or for Burial And the fifth against the Priests Deacons and Sub-deacons who had Wives or Concubines The Canon concerning Investitures made a great Noise in the Council It was drawn up in these Terms We absolutely forbid the receiving the Investiture of Churches or any other Ecclesiastical things from the hands of Laicks Several were of opinion that this Canon thus express'd took away from the Ecclesiasticks the Tenths and Benefices which they held or receiv'd from Laicks so that the Contest arising upon this Article hinder'd the Council from determining any thing about it that day On the Morrow the Pope remov'd this Difficulty by mending the Canon and drawing it up in these Terms We absolutely forbid the receiving the Investiture of Bishopricks and Abbeys from the hands of Laicks Afterwards they brought in 427 Candles which were given to the Assistants who rose up and held them Lighted whilst the Pope solemnly Excommunicated the Emperor Henry the Anti-pope Burdin and all their Adherents He likewise declar'd all the Emperor's Subjects dissolv'd from their Oath of Alliegance to him and forbad them to obey him till he return'd to his Duty and had made the Church satisfaction Thus the Council broke up The next year Calixtus went into Italy with a Design of going to Rome He was joyfully receiv'd Calixtus Il. is receiv'd into Rome and Burdin shamefully divested every where and enter'd Rome as in Triumph The Anti-pope Burdin being drove out of that City retir'd to Sutri from whence he made several Excursions to the very Gates of Rome Calixtus to rid himself of this Enemy went into Apulia to desire assistance from Duke William and having rais'd a Considerable Army he march'd to invest Sutri The Inhabitants of this City perceiving they should be taken by Storm siez'd upon Burdin and deliver'd him up to the Normans who by way of derision cloath'd him with a Goat's-Skin made in the form of a Cope set him on a white Camel with his face towards the Tail which serv'd him for a Bridle and in this manner led him through the whole City heaping affronts upon him Afterwards he was shut up in a Castle and confin'd in a Monastery of Cava where he spent the rest of his days in a forc'd Penance After this Victory the Pope becoming absolute Master of Rome where he caus'd the Forts of the The Treaty between
being design'd for the Church under the Protection of the Holy See In the Sixth directed to the Clergy of Tours he confirms the Excommunication pronounc'd by his Legat against Fulcus Earl of Anger 's by reason that he did not break the Marriage between his Daughter and William Son of Lord Robert The Seventh is a Confirmation of the Privileges granted the Abbey of Cluny by his Predecessors The Three following relate to the Legateship of Cardinal John de Creme into England The Last Address'd to the Bishops of the Province of Tours to exhort them to Observe the Decrees of the Council of Nantes The Letters of Innocent II are very many In the First he confirms the Judgment of the Council of Jouare against the Associates of Thomas The Letterâ— of Innocent II. Prior of St. Victor as likewise against those of Archembaud Sub-Dean of Orleans adding several Punishments which were before Omitted By the Second he gives all the Lands which the Princess Matildis enjoy'd in Italy and which she had left to the Holy See to the Emperor Lotharius and Henry Duke of Bavaria his Son in Law on condition that they swear Fealty and do Homage to the Church of Rome and moreover to pay yearly a Hundred Pound in Gold The Third is a Confirmation of the Immunities and Revenues belonging to the Church of Pistoia in Tuscany Address'd to the Bishop of that City The Five Letters following are written to the Patriarch of Jerusalem and Antioch and the other Bishops of the East for Conservation of the Dignity and Rights of Fulcus Arch-Bishop Tyr. In the Ninth he confirms the Grant made by Pope Honorius II. to Roger of the Kingdom of Sicily Dutchy of Apulia and Principality of Capua together with the Title of King The Next following contain the Condemnation of Peter Abaëlard and Arnold de Bresse The Twelfth is a Privilege granted to the Abby of St. Memme In the Three Next he confirms the Power of the Arch-Bishop of Hambourg over the Bishopricks of Denmark Sueden and Norway In the Sixteenth he Admonishes Hugh Arch-Bishop of Roan to comply with the King of England his Master and to permit the Abbots of Normandy to pay Fealty and Homage to him In the Seventeenth he acquaints King Lewis that he is Arriv'd in perfect Health at Cluny By the Eighteenth he commands Geofrey Bishop of Chartres and Stephen Bishop of Paris to restore to Archembaud Sub-Dean of Orleans and his fraternity the Benefices and Goods that had been taken from them In the Nineteenth he orders the same Bishop of Paris to take off the suspension which he had awarded against the Church of St. Genieveve The Four next relate to the Abbey of Vezelay to which he orders an Abbot and whose Privileges he confirms In the Twenty fourth he commands Alâ—isus Abbot of Anchin to take care of the Church of Arras of which he was Elected Bishop In the Twenty fifth he confirms the Rights and Privileges of the Bishop of Bamberg In the Twenty sixth he receives Hugh Arch-Deacon of Arras under protection of the See of Rome The Fourteen Letters which follow concern the Privileges and Revenues of the Abbey of Cluny and in the fifteenth he recommends himself to the Prayers of this Monastery The Forty second is a piece of a Letter wrote to Otho Bishop of Lucca concerning those Witnesses who are related to either Party In the Forty third he acquaints Guigue Prior of the Great Charter-House that he has Canoniz'd Hugh Bishop of Grenoble and farther Commands him to write what he knows of his Life or Miracles There are also five more Letters which belong to Innocent II. and relate to the Affairs of Germany and two concerning the Church of Anger 's The first are at the end of the 10th Tome of the Councils and the two last in the 2d Tome of the Miscellanies of Monsieur de Baluze We have but three Letters of Celestine II. IN the First he acquaints Peter the Venerable Abbot of Cluny with his Accession to the Pontificate The Letters of Celestine II. In the Second he confirms the Donation of the Church of St. Vincent to the Order of Cluny by the Bishop of Salamanca In the Last he orders the Arch-Bishop of Toledo to restore to the Bishop of Orense some Parishes which the late Bishop of Astorgas had seiz'd upon The Letters of Pope Lucius II. are about Ten. BY the First he gives Peter of Cluny to understand that he has made a Truce with Roger King of The Letters of Lucius II. Sicily By the Second he demands aid of King Conrade against the Italians who were revolted and who had chosen Jordanes for a Patrician In the Third and Fourth he confirms the Primacy of the Church of Toledo over all the Churches of Spain The Fifth contains a Privilege granted to the Abbey of Cluny In the Sixth he submits the Monastery of St. Sabas to the Abbey of Cluny By the Seventh he Commands the Abbot of St. Germain's of Auxerre to discharge the Servants of the Abbot of Vezelay who were Bail for him and he moreover removes the Suit before Godfrey Bishop of Langres In the Eighth he confirms the Judgment given by Pope Paschal against those that had kill'd Artaud Abbot of Vezelay and forbids their being receiv'd any more into any Monastery By the Ninth he orders the Count of Nevers to restore to the Abbey of Vezelay whatever he had taken from it And by the Tenth he enjoyns St. Bernard to warn the said Count from exacting any thing from the aforesaid Abbey The Letters of Eugenius III. are in a far greater number THE First Address'd to Lewis King of France is an exhortation to the Croisade to encourge the retaking Eugenius III. the City of Edesse with all others that had been Conquer'd and in a word to defend the Holy-Land from Invasion He therein confirms all the Privileges granted to the Knightâ— of the Cross by his Predecessor Urban and moreover puts their Wives Children and Estates under protection The Letters of Eugenius III. of the Churches and Bishops then he prohibits any Process being issu'd out in prejudice of the said Knights till they were either Dead or return'd from their Voyage Next his Will is that they be paid Interest for the Money they had Permits them to Mortgage their Estates to the Churches without equity of Redemption warns them not to be at a needless charge about unprofitable Equipage but to lay the most part out in Arms Horses and other Instruments of War And lastly he grants them Remission and Absolution of all their Sins which they shall have Confessed with an humble and contrite Heart By the Second directed to Thibaud Arch-Bishop of Canterbury he Commands and Provides that the Bishop of St. David's shall be subject to the See of Canterbury and likewise requires the two said Bishop's Attendance at Rome the Year following on St. Luke's day that he may Judge farther of the matter The
Henry Duke of Bavaria but understanding that William was in his march to set upon him with a numerous Army he betook himself back again into Apuleia where he died not without suspicion of being poisoned by his Brother Manfred the 22d of May in 1254 leaving his Son Conradine Heir to Sicily Manfred who did not care for The Government of Manfred in Sicily parting with Sicily pretended a desire of being friends with the Pope and thereupon invites him to come to Sicily Accordingly the Pope comes with an Army to make himself acknowledged Soveraign of that Kingdom but Manfred quickly picks a quarrel with him and routs part of his Army which so seized upon Innocent's Spirits that he died at Naples the 7th of December 1254. Alexander the 4th who succeeded him did not lay down his Predecessor's design upon Sicily but he had no better fortune Manfred defeated his Troops and made himself Master of Apuleia and Sicily The Pope seeing he was not able to maintain this War gave the Kingdom to Edmund Son of the King of England and dispensed with the Vow of that King to go for the Holy Land on condition he would make war upon Manfred against whom he also appointed a Crusade While Manfred was strengthening himself in the Kingdom of Sicily Ecelin who took the Troubles in the Empire and Italy part of Frederick's Heirs had made himself master of Lombardy and the Pope to drive him from thence had published a Crusade against him too at Venice The greatest part of Germany had acknowledged William for their Soveraign and as he was preparing to take a journey into Italy there to receive the Imperial Crown he was forced to march against the Friezlanders who had entered into Holland but going against them he fell into a Fen that was frozen and was there killed by an Ambuscade of his Enemies in December 1256. After his death the German Princes were divided about the Election of an Emperor some of them declaring for Richard Brother to the King of England and the others for Alphonsus King of The Elections of Alphonsus and Richard to the Empire Castile The former was Elected at Francfort on the Octave of the Epiphany in the year 1257 by Conrade Archbishop of Cologn who was also Proxy for Gerard Archbishop of Mentz by Lewis Count Palatine of the Rhine and Henry Duke of Bavaria the other in Lent by Arnold Archbishop of Treves as Proxy for the King of Bohemia the Duke of Saxony the Marquiss of Brandenburgh and many other Princes Thus did the German Princes basely sell the Honor of their Nation and their own Votes to Strangers who for many years together disputed the Empire without ever agreeing the matter All which time Lombardy was the Seat of the War between the Guelphs and Gibelines of the former of which Albert of the latter Ecelin was the Head The latter was wounded and taken Prisoner in 1260 and died of his wounds after having for four and thirty years been master of the most considerable Cities in Lombardy His death set Italy at rest which was not long after broken by the War between the Venetians and Genouese Richard and Alphonsus were elected Emperors but got nothing by it save the bare Title Alphonsus never set foot in Germany and Richard being come to Francfort after having spent all that he was worth was forced to return to England In their absence Ottogar King of Bohemia extended his Dominions in Germany so that in a short time he was become one of the most powerful Princes in Europe In Italy Urban the 4th who succeeded Alexander had published a Crusade against Manfred and all that sided with him in Apuleia or Lombardy and stirred up some French Lords to come into Italy Manfred on his part entred with his Troops into the Estate of the Church and to strengthen himself against the Pope entred into an Alliance with Jame's the 3d King of Arragon by marrying his Daughter Constantia to Peter the King 's eldest Son The Pope on his side seeing that Edmund could not prosecute the Conquest of the Kingdom of Sicily by reason of the Troubles that were in England invested Charles Earl of Anjou Brother of St. Louis therewith who came to Rome in 1265 and was there crown'd King of Sicily on the 28th of June by Clement the 4th Urban's Successor Charles Earl of Anjou defeats Manfred and seizes himself upon Sicily who also made him Senator of that City He was followed with an Army by Sea and Land and giving Battel to Manfred on the 26th of February the following year near Benevento he gained an absolute and bloody Victory over his Troops Manfred himself being killed upon the spot After his Death the Kingdom of Sicily submitted to the Conqueror but Conradin whose right this Kingdom was wrote a Letter to the Princes of Europe wherein he laid open the justice of his Pretensions and implored their assistance for its recovery He got together an Army composed for the most part of Voluntiers with which by the advice Conradin disputes the Kingdom of Sicily with Charles he is defeated and executed of Henry Brother of Alphonsus he made a Descent into Tuscany where he surprized and cut in pieces those Forces which Charles whom the Pope had constituted Vicar of the Empire in that Country had left there and at the same time Conrade a Son of one of the Emperor Frederick's Bastards who was come from Antioch drew off all Sicily from their Obedience except Messma and Palermos while Conradin by the assistance of the Gibelines made himself Master of all Tuscany and Romagna and entred in Triumph into Rome where he was proclaimed Emperor by the People But being entred into Campania with a design to go into Sicily Charles met him at the Lake of Fucin called the Lake of Celano where he gave him Battel on the 25th of August 1268 in which Charles got the day Conradin Frederick Duke of Austria and Henry of Castile betook themselves to flight but happening to be known in the way were brought back again to the Conqueror who put them into prison and gave them their Trial the next year Conradin and Frederick were put to death and Henry of Castile confined to Prison Just about the same time too Conrade was taken by some of Charles's Party who hanged him up and a short time after Entius the only one remaining of the Princes of Suabia died in his Prison of Bologna Thus unhappily perished the whole Race of the Emperor Frederick The House of Austria quickly succeeded that of Suabia in Glory and Power for Richard The Election of Rodolphus to the Empire and his Actions being dead and Alphonsus having no friends left him in Germany the Electors assembled themselves in October 1273 at Francfort according to the counsel of Pope Gregory X. and there elected Rodolphus Earl of Hapsburg without any regard had to the Remonstrances of the Deputies of Alphonsus or
set at Liberty A Council held in the Province of Narbonne against the Albigenses The Assembly of Northusa held in the Christ-mas Holy-Days William of Segnelay made Bishop of Auxerre Gautier of Coutances Arch-Bishop of Roan dies Nov. 16. 1208 XI III. Theodotus Lascaris causes a Patriarch of Constantinople Residing at Nice to be Elected Michael Autorianus is the first Philip kill'd at Bamberg Jun. 1. by Otho of Wilâ—â—pach Otho Duke of Saxony is Elected at Francfort King of Germany in his place I. Bruno causes Adolphus to be depos'd from the Arch-Bishoprick of Cologne and takes possession of it again Sifroy takes possession of the Arch-Bishoprick of Mentz after he had turn'd out Lupoldus who enjoy'd it till Philip's Death The Institution of the Order of St. Francis The Assembly of Paris wherein Gallo Cardinal Legate in France drew up several Orders Roderick Ximenes Advanc'd to the Arch-Bishoprick of Toledo 1209 XI IV. II. Otho Crown'd Emperor by Pope Innocent III. October 4. An Insurrection of the Peo of Rome against Otho The Memory of Ainaury condemn'd in the Council of Paris his Bones dug up and cast into the Common Sewer Several of his Disciples condemned also in that Council and afterwards burnt The Metaphysicks and Physicks of Aristotle newly brought from Constantinople and transtated into Latin are condemn'd to be burnt by the same Council which forbids the reading them under pain of Excommunication An Assembly of Wurtzburgh wherein the Pope's Legates approv'd of the Marriage to be contracted between Otho the Emperor and Philip's Daughter The Council of Montilly against Raymond Count of Toulouse The Council of Avignon Sept. 6. The Council of Paris  1210 XIII V. III. Otho Revenges himself of the Romans by Acts of Hostility which oblig'd the Pope to Excommunicate him and to declare him divested of the Empire in a Council ussembled at Rome  The Council of Rome against the Emperor Otho The Death of Gilbert Martin about this Year Arnold Abbot of Lubec Writes his Chronicon Vermerus Abbot of St. Blaise Peter de Vaux de Cernay William of Puilaurent Gervais of Tilbury Gautier Mapes Gilbert Alanus John Galle Bernard of Compostella These all Flourish'd 1211 XIV VI. Frederick II. Elected King of Germany I. The Pope causes the Sentence of Excommunication against the Emperor Otho to be Publish'd in Germany by Sifroy Arch-Bishop of Mentz The Institution of the Order of the Trinity or of the Redemption of Captives by John of Matha Dr. of Paris and by Felix Hermit of Valois approv'd by the Pope three Years after The Assembly of Nuremberg held about Pentecost Wherein the Emperor Otho declar'd War against the Count of Thuringa who had given shelter to the Arch-Bishop of Mentz Wilbrand of Oldemburgh writes his Itenery of the Holy Land 1211 XV. VII II. Frederick goes into Germany where he is very well receiv'd and makes great Progress against Otho  The Council of Paris Robert of Marian finishes his Chronicon 1213 XVI VIII III. Peter of Arragon kill'd September 10. His Son James I. Succeeds him  The Council of Lavaur against the Count of Toulouse and the Albigenses John of Oxford John of Fordeham Jocelin of Frakelonde John Gray Adam of Barkingen Hugh le Blanc Flourish'd 1214 XVII IX IV. Frederick Crown'd Emperor at Aix-la-Chapelle Otho is entirely routed July 15. at Bouvines by Philip Augustus King of France Alphonso King of Castile dies Octob. 〈◊〉 His Son Henry Succeeds him    1215 XVIII X. Theodorus Irenicus Coppas nominated Patriarch of Constantinople by the Greeks V. Simon Count of Montfort General of the Croisade against the Albigenses takes upon him the Name of Count of Toulouse that County being granted to him by the Council of Montpellier and the Pope The Decree of the Council of Montpellier which grants to Simon General of the Croisade against the Albigenses all the Territories of Raimond Count of Toulouse Favourer of those Hereticks with a Charge of receiving the Investiture of them from the King of France The Pope confirm'd this Decree yet reserving to the Count's Son some Demeans in Provence and 400 Marks a Year The Pope's Legate in reforming the University of Paris confirms the Prohibition of Reading Aristotle's Works but permitted the Teaching of his Logicks The Pope approves of the Order of Minor Friars which began this Year to be founded at Paris The Institution of the Order of St. Dominick The Council of Montpellier the beginning of this Year The Fourth General Lateran Council held in November Alexander Neckam is made Abbot of Exeter Conrad of Lichtenau is likewise made Abbot of Ursperg St. Francis of Assâ—sy William Deacon of Bourges then Flourish'd 1216 XIX Innocent III. dies July 16. two days after Honorius III. is Elected in his stead I. XI Henry Emperor of Constantinople dies June 10. Peter of Courtnay Count of Aâ—xerre who had marry'd his Daughter Jolanta is Elected in his stead I. VI. The Death of the Emperor Otho John King of England dies Oct. 17. Heâ—â—y III. his Son Succeeds him  The Council of Melun Anonymous Author of a Collection of the Decretals of Innocent III. 1217 II. II. Peter of Courtnay Crown'd Emperor of Constantinople by Pope Honorius III. in the Suburbs of Rome April 18. He is taken in his Journey to Constantinople by Theodorus Comnena Prince of Epirus His Wife Jolanta governs the Empire three Years VII Henry of Castile dies leaving his Sisâ—er Berengaria Queen of Leon his Heiress who gave the Kingdom to her Son Ferdinand who Succeeded his Father Alphonso in the Kingdom of Leon. The Dominicans are founded in Paris in the House of S. James from whence they were call'd Jacobines The Foundation of the Order of the Valley of Scholars in the Diocess of Langres approv'd by the Pope the Year ensuing  Matthew Paris enters into the Monastery of St. Albans 1218 III. I. Theodorus Comnena Prince of Epirus renounces the Schism of the Greeks and is reunited to the Latin Church VIII Simon of Montfort General of the Croisade against the Albigenses having laid Siege to Toulouse was kill'd in a Salley His Son Amaury Succeeds him in his Conquests The Franciscans obtain an House in Paris in which they are Establish'd  Ramond of Pemafort enters into the Order of Franciscans 1219 IV. II. IX The Franciscans go from France to establish themselves in England  Maurice made Bishop of Mans. 1220 V. III. Maximus made Patriarch of Constantinople at Nice X. Frederick Crown'd Emperor at Rome by Pope Honorius III.   William of Segnelay is translated to the Bishoprick of Paris Jourdain enters into the Order of the Dominicans Ricerus the Companion of S. Francis S. Anthony of Padua Henry of Kalva Abbot of Richenou Conrad Prior of Schur Eckethard Dean of S. Gal. William Monk of S. Denis These Flourish'd at this time 1221 VI. Robert Son of Peter of Courtnay declar'd Emperor of Constantinople I. Manuel Charitopulus succeeds Maximus in the Patriarchship of Constantinople
This very much displeased the Pope But that which made the Pope and the King of France fall out downright was the Judgment which the former gave between the King the Earl of Flanders and the King of England by which he ordained that Philip the Fair should restore to the Earl his Daughter whom he kept Prisoner since the Year 1296. to Marry her as he pleased as also some Lands he had taken from him and that he should go into the East to make War upon the Infidels The Pope dispatch'd a Bull of this Judgment The Pope's Bull in favour of the Earl of Flanders and put it into the hands of the English Ambassador who carried it to Paris But when it was read in the Presence of the King of Charles Earl of Valois his Brother of Robert Earl of Artois and the Earl of Evreux the Earl of Artois snatched away the Bull in a rage and threw it into the Fire Swearing That it should not be so and the Pope should not revenge himself at the Cost of the Kingdom The King protested That he would not put in Execution what the Pope had Decreed but as soon as the Truce was expired he would begin the War afresh In the Year 1300. Boniface published a Jubilee in which he granted Plenary Indulgences The appointment of a Jubilee by Boniface to all who should visit the Churches of St. Peter and St. Paul at Rome decreeing that the same thing should be renewed every Hundred Years The opening of the Jubilee drew a great Concourse of People to Rome and Boniface to make the Soveraign Authority which he pretended to have over the Temporality to be owned appeared at the Ceremony one while in his Pontifical Habit and another in Imperial Robes and took for his Motto Ecce duo gladii The King not willing to quarrel with the Pope downright sent to him the same Year Boniface quarrels a-new with the King William of Nogaret Baron of Calvisson in Quality of an Ambassador to give him Advice of the Alliance he had made with the Emperor who on his part likewise sent him an Ambassador The Pope had no great regard to the one or the other blamed the Election of the Emperor and threatned him that he would cross it if he did not give him Tuscany said many disobliging things of the King and did all he could to break off the Alliance between the two Princes Nogaret who understood the ill Designs of the Pope upbraided him therewith to his Face which exasperated his Spirit and made him yet more a verse than before to the King's Interests Boniface proposed to the Christian Princes a Crusado to go into the East against the Infidels The Bishop of Pamiez Envoy to the King gives iâ—l Language and is Arrâ—sted He sent Bernard Saisset Bishop of Pamiez a Bishoprick he had Erected in the Year 1296. in spite of the King with Orders not only to set forward this Expedition with Philip the Fair but likewise to demand the Enlargement of the Earl of Flanders and his Children The King refusing to hearken to these Proposals the Bishop forgot the respect he owed the King telling him That he held nothing of his Majesty but that he owed all to the Pope whose Subject he was both as to Spiritual and Temporal Concerns threatned to Interdict the Kingdom and maintain'd the Pope's Temporal Power over Soveraign Princes The King offended at this Procedure caused this Bishop to be accused of divers Monopolies which he had exacted and of Rebellion and ordered him to be cited before the Parliament where appearing he was sent to Prison Boniface enraged at this Imprisonment in the Month of February in the Year 1301. sent James Norman Archdeacon of Narbonne to the King to order him to set this Bishop at Liberty The which the King did putting him nevertheless under the keeping of the Arch-bishop of Narbonne his Metropolitan to punish him for his Rashness according to the rules of the Canon Boniface not content herewith required that the King should set him at full Liberty and give him a Grant of all his Goods After that by a Bull of the 4th of December in the same Year he suspended the Favours A Bull against the King's Privileges and Privileges he had granted to the King of France and his Successors and to his Counsellors Clergy or Laity and particularly those he had granted for the Relief of the State and decreed that the Clergy without his consent should not Pay the King what he demanded under the Title of Tenths or Aid though he had consented to it and had given time till the 1st of November in the Year following to make Report of the Privileges to the Holy See to the end they might be Examined Two days after he set forth another Bull wherein he declares that God had established him A Bull of the Soveraignty of the Pope and against the Rights of the King over Kings and Kingdoms to pluck up to destroy to scatter to build that the King of France ought not to think he has no Superiour and is not Subject to the Pope that he who is of that Opinion is a Fool and an Infidel He therein Discourses with the King about the Summs of Money which he exacted of his Subjects He therein complains that he had fill'd the Benefices and Prebends vacant in the Court of Rome without the Pope's Leave that he had seized on the Goods of the Clergy that he vexed them with several Grievances particularly the Church of Lions though it be out of the Bounds of his Kingdom by receiving the Revenues of the Cathedral Churches during the Vacancy which he falsly calls a Right belonging to the Crown He orders the Prelates Chapters of Churches and Doctors of Divinity in the Kingdom to attend him in order to provide for the Reformation of the Realm He inveighs against the King's Evil Counsellors and exhorts this Prince to undertake the Holy War By another Bull of the same Date directed to the Prelates Chapters of Cathedrals and other Doctors of the Realm he writes to them that not being ignorant of the Oppressions which the Clergy suffer from the Kings his Officers Earls or Barons he has taken up a Resolution after he had communicated it to the Cardinals to Summon them to Rome He orders them to appear there on the First of November following with Powers and Instructions necessary and Promises them that Care should be taken for the Preservation of the Honour and Freedom of the Gallican Church and the Reformation of the State He writes the same thing to the Abbots in a Bull very like it But to the end his Bull might make the deeper Impression he made an Abridgment of it in these words Boniface the Bishop a Servant of the Servants of God to Philip King of France Fear God and keep his Commandments We will you to know that you are Subject to us both in Spirituals and Temporals
had in his Estate Dionysius King of Portugal by advice of the Pope instituted in his Kingdom an Order of Knights of Christ which was approved by Pope John XXII and founded out of the Goods of the Templars whose principal Imployment was to make War upon the Moors In England it was resolved in a Parliament held in the Year 1324. that the Estates of the Templars should be united to the Order of Hospitallers which gave occasion to some English of that Order to think they were discharged from their Vows and at liberty to Marry which the Bishops of England opposed It is one of the famous Questions in History to wit whether the Templars were Guilty of all Arguments which may be alledged for the justification of the Templars the Crimes whereof they were accused and justly condemned or whether they were imputed to them falsely and whether they were not compelled by the violence of Torments and Fear to confess things which they had not done to grow rich by their Spoils and seize on their Effects as some Historians have asserted It may be alledged in their Defence 1. That the Informers were two Wretches condemned for their Crimes no way worthy of Credit who thought of this Project to rescue themselves from the Punishment to which they were condemned 2. That the Crimes whereof they stand accused are so horrid and execrable and at the same time so extraordinary that they must if Guilty have lost not only all sense of Honour and Religion but also Modesty Common Sense and Understanding Now is it credible that a vast Number of Men of all Nations and Degrees spread throughout all Christendom should all fall into so horrid an Excess of Wickedness and Extravagance and that neither Religion nor Shame nor fear of Discovery nor any distast which any of the Order might have taken should induce none of them to reveal their Actions This Silence is strange if the Thing be true A Silence which lasted for almost an Hundred Years which was observed religiously by all those of the Order During this time many Malecontents left the Order how could it possibly be that not one of them to justifie his Desertion should offer for a Reason the Disorders he had there met with How could an infinite Number of People who presented themselves to be admitted with a good intent and not being yet corrupted resolve at their Admittance to make so damnable a Profession and therein persevere 3. That they confessed not these Crimes but for fear of Torments wherewith they were threatned and in hopes which were given them of being well used and likewise rewarded for their Confession that such as refused to own them were put to the Rack that Torments might force from their Mouths the Confession of what was False that notwithstanding there were some who would never Swear against their Order and honourably asserted their Innocence that the greater part of those who were Cowardly enough to yield to Fear or be wrought on by Promises had recanted and persisted in that Recantation to their Death ever protesting that they had been imposed upon or that they had spoken falsely and that these Confessions were extorted from them by Threats or Promises or by Violence that they had shewn as much Constancy in this Retractation as they had testified Weakness and Change from their former Deposition In fine that they chose rather to be Burnt alive and going to Execution they declared aloud that they died innocent the time in which the fear of Hell and the Judgment of God before whom they must appear forces the Truth from the Heart and Tongue of the most Wicked 4. That there were found no other Witnesses against them than themselves that 't was only in France where they were constrained to confess these Crimes that every where besides whatever Prosecution was made against them they were not found Guilty of these Crimes neither did they confess them 5. That their Judges were Parties That Philip the Fair had a Mind to this for a long time accusing them of raising and fomenting Sedition against him that he was the particular Enemy of the Great Master that he owed them Money that he desired to enrich himself with their Spoils as it came to pass that he engaged himself in the Prosecution of this Affair with Zeal and Partiality that he practised unheard of Cruelties on the accused that the Pope was unwilling at the first to enter on this Business as being acquainted with the Injustice of it but that at the last he suffered himself to be prevailed with by the importunity of the King of France and the offers he made him to leave the disposal of the Templars Possessions to his Holiness that in fine the Pope the King of France and other Princes found the Destruction of this Order would turn to Account and made Advantage of their Estates in whole or in part 6. That the Proceedings against them were Irregular and against the Forms prescribed by the Law that at the first they were arrested upon slight Suspicions by the Authority of the King and without having consulted the Pope unto whom alone it belonged to judge them because of their Privileges that the first Examinations were taken either by the King's Officers or by the Inquisitor that their Proceedings were not against the whole Order that they were not Summon'd nor their Process prepared according to Form that the Pope acknowledged all these things in declaring that he could not of right give a definitive Sentence against this Order according to the Inquest and the Method wherein the Process was prepared Non per modum definitivae Sententiae cum eam super hoc secundum inquisitiones processus super his habitos non possumus ferre de jure That he Condemn'd them nevertheless and Abrogated their Order by way of Provision as if the utter abolishing of an Order could be decreed by Provision when 't was acknowledged it could not be decreed of right It may be answer'd to these Arguments That in Matters of Fact we are not to make use of The Reasons which pâ—… the Juâ—â—ice of abâ—lishing the Order 〈◊〉 Tâ—… Conjectures and Reasonings against the Depositions and Confessions themselves of the Criminals upon which they were legally Condemned That we have the Interrogatories of a vast number of Templars who have Acknowledged the Crimes whereof they were accused That it matters not who are the Informers provided that in the Sequel the Fact be Evident that the Crimes whereof they are accused are in good earnest very heinous but Men that give themselves over to their Passions and Lusts are capable of all of them and there is no disorder so strange into which they may not fall That those whereof the Templars are accused are of two Sorts Impieties and a kind of Idolatry and the Vice of Sodomy that the Commerce which they had with the Saracens might engage them in the former which is the more Extraordinary
revoked all the Commendams of Cathedral Churches and Abbies granted by his Predecessors to all Persons whatsoever except Cardinals and Patriarchs He compelled all Bishops to reside in their Churches forbad plurality of Benefices made void all Favours Expectant which were not agreeable to the Rules of the Civil Law he deprived all Persons unworthy of their Benefices and carefully put in fit Persons where he had Power he abolished the use of several Dispensations remedied many Abuses and Clancular Dealings made use of in gaining Bulls employ'd rightly the Revenues of the Church of Rome by giving Alms and bestowing Charity on the Poor during the Famine He took great pains to unite the Christian Princes and did all he could to procure Peace with all Kings He revoked the Tax of Tenths which his Predecessor had granted to Philip King of France for his Voyage into the Holy Land because that Prince could not go through with his Design He shewed his Zeal to Justice by causing those Officers to be punished severely who had deliver'd the Ambassadors of Edward King of England which were come to Avignon to the King of France He made a Reformation among the Black-Monks as well as Cistertians who lived loosely he appointed persons of Merit and Learning to visit their Monasteries that they might inform him of such Abuses as ought to be amended and made Constitutions for the Reformation of them He had also made several Rules for the Friars Mendicants if he had not been prevented by Death He only ordered that such Monks as were in his Court without any permission obtain'd should return to the Monasteries and forbad them leaving their Order to go over to the Cistertians or Cluniacks without the express permission of the Pope Lastly That Pope lived in a way suitable to so great a Bishop keeping close to his Duty being Zealous for Religion and for the Discipline and Reformation of the Church Virtuous Charitable free from Ambition and wordly Interests He did not as several other Popes have done raise his Nephews and Relations to the great Offices and Dignities of the Church nor enrich them with the Goods of the Church or by impoverishing private Men. He preferred but One of his Relations whom he made Archbishop of Arles for his Merit which he did not do without some difficulty at the earnest Request of the Cardinals He married but one of his Neices whom he bestowed upon a Merchant refusing several great Lords who offered themselves as being above her Quality This is the Relation which all the Historians of his Time give of his Piety and Virtue who are more to be relyed on than some Modern Authors who will have him to have been a Man of a disorderly Conversation He died at Avignon April 25. 1342. which was the Eighth Year of his Papacy This Pope Composed several Works Rainaldus has published his Opuscula or small Tracts The Works of Benedict XII concerning the Poverty of JESUS CHRIST and his Apostles and about the Vision of God There is a more considerable Treatise of this Pope's in the Vatican Library upon the last of these Subjects He also made a large Commentary upon the Gospel of St. Matthew which is yet in MS. in Mr. Colbert's Library with Three other Treatises against Ockham Most of his Letters and Bulls are extant in the Annalists and Register of Bulls Clement VI. was chosen Pope May 7. 1342. and Crowned the 9th of the same Month. He The Election of Clement VI. was called before Petrus Rogerius Born in the Castle of Maumont in the Diocess of Limoges He was a Monk of the Abby of Casa-Dei in Auvergne and having taken his Degrees in Divinity he went to the Court of John XXII at Avignon This Pope gave him the Abby of Fescamp and made him afterward Bishop of Arras He received as much Favour at the Court of France as Avignon for there he was admitted into the Council of that King who had a particular respect for him insomuch that he was translated from the Bishoprick of Arras to the Arch-bishoprick of Sens and in the next Year to that of Rouen and lastly was raised to the Dignity of a Cardinal of the Title of S. Nereus and Achilleus by Benedict XII The First thing that he did after his rise to the Papal Dignity was to send his Legatees to Rules made by Clement about the Affairs of Italy make way for a Peace between the Kings of France and England He sent also a Cardinal-Legate into Italy to appease the Troubles and Wars which were in that Country Robert King of Apulia died about that time and his Kingdom fell to Jane his Daughter then an Infant who was married to Andrew King of Hungary The Pope took upon him the Government of that Realm till that Prince came to take Possession of it which he was scarce come to do but he was Slain by Treachery The Romans sent to the Pope 18 of their principal Citizens to desire Three Things of him I. To make the Senators Governor and other Magistrates of their City Friends who presented themselves to him as Petrus Rogerius and not as Clement VI. who was Pope for his Life only II. To come and make his Residence at Rome III. That since the Life of Man is so short that few lived to an Hundred Years to which Age Boniface VIII had annexed a Plenary Indulgence for those who visited the Church of S S. Peter and Paul at Rome he would please to reduce that time to the Fiftieth Year The Pope granted the First and Last of their Demands for he reconciled the Magistrates presented to him upon Condition that it should be no Prejudice to his Rights and brought the Jubilee to the 50th Year appointing That every 50th Year there should be a Jubilee but for the Second he put it off by declaring That the design which he had of coming to Rome he could not put in Execution for the present and he could not tell them when he should be able to do it Lewis of Bavaria used all his Endeavours in this Papacy to be reconciled to the Church and Lewis of Bavaria Excommunicated a-new by Clement prayed the King of France to intercede for him This Prince told him That he must submit himself and humbly beg Absolution The Ambassadors of Lewis desired such a Form as the Pope would accept but they gave him such an intolerably severe one that he would not subscribe it when he was in Prison for it signified that he gave Power to Humbertus the Dauphin's Uncle to the Provosts of Augsburg and Bemberg and to Henry his Arch-Chancellor to confess all the Errors and Heresies that he was accused of to make a Renunciation of the Empire with a Promise never to resume it but by the Pope's consent and to put his Children and Goods into the hands of his Holiness They annexed also other Clauses which concerned the Empire These Ambassadors approved of this Proposal but when