therefore_o the_o best_a remedy_n will_v be_v to_o give_v he_o way_n and_o withal_o to_o remember_v to_o do_v all_o thing_n like_o wise_a man_n and_o soldier_n as_o have_v be_v say_v already_o by_o drive_v and_o withdraw_v the_o country_n cattle_n and_o provision_n that_o your_o enemy_n may_v not_o be_v relieve_v and_o nourish_v orange_n duke_n of_o alva_n against_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n do_v not_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n defeat_v the_o prince_n of_o orange_n great_a army_n by_o forbear_v to_o fight_v with_o he_o and_o leave_v he_o a_o vast_a country_n to_o walk_v and_o way_n himself_o in_o do_v not_o the_o constable_n of_o france_n defeat_v the_o emperor_n attempt_n upon_o province_n emperor_n france_n against_o the_o emperor_n by_o this_o only_a temporize_a course_n do_v he_o not_o burn_v the_o mill_n destroy_v the_o oven_n spoil_v the_o fruit_n etc._n etc._n himself_o retire_v to_o avignon_n there_o to_o join_v with_o his_o force_n after_o that_o he_o have_v provide_v for_o the_o frontier_n town_n leave_v nothing_o but_o a_o waste_a country_n for_o his_o enemy_n to_o spend_v themselves_o in_o whereby_o he_o drive_v the_o emperor_n in_o the_o end_n to_o make_v a_o most_o dishonourable_a retreit_n mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr langey_a do_v allege_v that_o example_n of_o the_o constable_n of_o france_n prove_v great_o his_o device_n and_o policy_n therein_o notwithstanding_o there_o be_v divers_a who_o do_v not_o stick_v to_o blame_v he_o for_o that_o he_o do_v not_o seek_v to_o stop_v the_o enemy_n passage_n through_o the_o mountain_n which_o they_o suppose_v he_o may_v have_v do_v very_o easy_o and_o with_o few_o man_n but_o he_o foresee_v the_o mischief_n that_o may_v grow_v by_o a_o small_a foil_n or_o loss_n receive_v at_o the_o first_o think_v it_o the_o safe_a way_n to_o prevent_v all_o danger_n by_o temporize_v until_o his_o force_n be_v assemble_v in_o full_a strength_n and_o his_o enemy_n weaken_v say_v moreover_o that_o it_o be_v a_o great_a point_n of_o wisdom_n for_o a_o prince_n or_o captain_n general_n to_o defer_v fight_v when_o the_o enemy_n be_v enter_v in_o his_o country_n for_o say_v he_o if_o the_o battle_n shall_v be_v lose_v through_o the_o encounter_v of_o they_o the_o country_n will_v also_o be_v in_o hazard_n to_o be_v lose_v and_o this_o may_v appear_v by_o divers_a example_n first_o turk_n the_o king_n of_o hungary_n against_o the_o turk_n the_o king_n of_o hungary_n be_v assail_v by_o the_o turk_n in_o the_o year_n 1562._o thought_n it_o better_a to_o hazard_v the_o battle_n and_o to_o fight_v with_o the_o turk_n at_o his_o arrival_n than_o to_o forbear_v and_o stand_v upon_o his_o guard_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n he_o himself_o be_v slay_v and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o kingdom_n lose_v battle_n william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o henry_n the_o seven_o get_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n by_o battle_n and_o do_v not_o william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o become_v king_n of_o england_n by_o reason_n the_o defendant_n give_v they_o battle_n at_o their_o land_n and_o lose_v the_o same_o obj._n but_o some_o may_v here_o object_v that_o the_o party_n and_o faction_n within_o the_o land_n be_v cause_n thereof_o and_o do_v any_o man_n think_v that_o a_o foreign_a prince_n be_v so_o void_a of_o judgement_n as_o that_o he_o think_v to_o prevail_v by_o way_n of_o conquest_n without_o a_o party_n battle_n the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n win_v the_o country_n of_o leigh_n by_o battle_n do_v not_o the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n get_v the_o country_n of_o liege_n by_o reason_n of_o some_o battle_n he_o win_v against_o the_o the_o people_n thereof_o philip_n de_fw-fr comines_n say_v that_o a_o man_n ought_v great_o to_o fear_v to_o hazard_v his_o estate_n on_o a_o battle_n when_o he_o may_v otherwise_o avoid_v the_o same_o for_o faith_n he_o of_o a_o small_a number_n of_o people_n lose_v there_o follow_v a_o great_a change_n to_o he_o that_o lose_v they_o not_o so_o much_o by_o the_o fear_n they_o conceive_v of_o the_o enemy_n as_o in_o the_o little_a estimation_n they_o will_v have_v of_o their_o master_n afterward_o be_v ready_a still_o to_o enter_v into_o mutiny_n demand_v thing_n more_o bold_o than_o they_o be_v wont_a allege_v further_o that_o one_o crown_n before_o will_v do_v more_o with_o they_o than_o three_o will_v do_v after_o whosoever_o will_v read_v the_o book_n of_o the_o action_n of_o lewis_n the_o eleven_o king_n of_o france_n who_o be_v both_o a_o very_a wise_a and_o valiant_a prince_n shall_v find_v son_n lewis_n the_o eleven_o against_o charles_n the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n son_n that_o after_o the_o great_a encounter_n between_o he_o and_o count_n charles_n the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n son_n at_o mountleyrre_n notwithstanding_o that_o the_o conflict_n go_v so_o indifferent_a as_o neither_o side_n know_v almost_o by_o the_o space_n of_o three_o or_o four_o hour_n after_o who_o have_v the_o victory_n so_o soon_o as_o each_o party_n have_v rally_v their_o break_a troop_n etc._n etc._n have_v some_o good_a mean_n so_o to_o do_v by_o reason_n of_o a_o great_a ditch_n and_o long_a hedge_n that_o be_v between_o their_o two_o army_n where_o the_o fight_n first_o begin_v although_o the_o king_n power_n remain_v still_o great_a by_o reason_n of_o so_o many_o prince_n as_o he_o have_v assemble_v together_o yet_o then_o and_o ever_o after_o he_o determine_v no_o more_o to_o venture_v so_o great_a a_o kingdom_n as_o france_n be_v upon_o the_o uncertain_a event_n of_o a_o battle_n and_o therefore_o the_o night_n follow_v he_o dislodge_v and_o retire_v to_o corbel_n after_o which_o time_n he_o carry_v all_o his_o war_n with_o such_o a_o temporize_a course_n as_o thereby_o he_o weary_v his_o enemy_n and_o become_v a_o mighty_a prince_n make_v his_o army_n so_o great_a as_o his_o adversary_n at_o no_o time_n after_o dare_v attempt_v to_o give_v he_o battle_n although_o philip_n de_fw-fr comines_n do_v write_v that_o our_o nation_n have_v be_v wonderful_o fortunate_a in_o battle_n and_o be_v much_o addict_v thereunto_o yet_o he_o do_v more_o allow_v of_o the_o politic_a and_o wise_a temporize_a of_o lewis_n the_o french_a king_n in_o forbear_v to_o fight_v with_o edward_n the_o four_o when_o he_o enter_v france_n proffer_v he_o battle_n near_o amiens_n four_o lewis_n against_o edward_n the_o four_o the_o king_n consider_v how_o dangerous_a a_o adventure_n it_o be_v to_o his_o estate_n if_o it_o shall_v not_o succeed_v well_o with_o he_o look_v also_o back_o to_o the_o great_a thraldom_n and_o subjection_n that_o his_o predecessor_n have_v bring_v the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n into_o under_o the_o english_a nation_n by_o such_o like_a rash_a acceptance_n of_o battle_n he_o determine_v to_o temporize_v though_o it_o be_v to_o his_o charge_n thereby_o to_o weaken_v the_o king_n of_o england_n the_o winter_n season_n draw_v then_o on_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n send_v great_a present_n to_o those_o that_o be_v near_o about_o the_o king_n and_o victual_n of_o free-gift_n to_o relieve_v his_o army_n condescend_v also_o to_o pay_v a_o yearly_a sum_n of_o 50000_o crown_n into_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n thereby_o to_o hasten_v the_o peace_n and_o to_o get_v our_o nation_n to_o return_v after_o all_o be_v conclude_v and_o the_o king_n return_v home_o one_o of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n man_n be_v with_o philip_n de_fw-fr comines_n in_o discourse_n he_o tell_v he_o he_o have_v be_v at_o the_o win_n of_o nine_o battle_n and_o how_o many_o say_v philip_n have_v you_o be_v at_o the_o lose_n only_o one_o say_v he_o and_o that_o be_v at_o the_o last_o forbearance_n of_o my_o master_n to_o fight_v with_o you_o at_o amiens_n whereby_o we_o have_v get_v more_o shame_n unto_o ourselves_o than_o honour_n by_o the_o first_o nine_o when_o lewis_n the_o king_n hear_v of_o this_o speech_n he_o say_v this_o be_v a_o shrewd_a boy_n and_o send_v for_o he_o to_o dine_v with_o he_o and_o after_o give_v he_o 1000_o crown_n with_o other_o great_a promise_n to_o the_o intent_n he_o shall_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o entertain_v the_o peace_n begin_v between_o the_o two_o king_n what_o success_n have_v the_o french_a at_o the_o battle_n at_o poytiers_n and_o cressey_n cressey_n the_o battle_n of_o poytiers_n and_o cressey_n who_o although_o they_o be_v in_o number_n far_o great_a than_o the_o english_a and_o in_o the_o heart_n of_o their_o own_o country_n yet_o they_o taste_v nothing_o but_o the_o bitter_a effect_n of_o a_o lose_a field_n and_o we_o by_o other_o such_o manifold_a example_n may_v be_v warn_v not_o to_o commit_v the_o good_a estate_n of_o a_o realm_n to_o so_o tickle_a and_o dangerous_a a_o trial_n as_o be_v the_o uncertain_a sway_n of_o a_o battle_n 88_o spanish_a fleet_n defeat_v 88_o and_o now_o never_o to_o
they_o wheresoever_o they_o shall_v be_v lodge_v stand_v or_o be_v and_o not_o to_o depart_v or_o straggle_v from_o they_o until_o they_o have_v receive_v order_n 3._o the_o ensign_n have_v another_o dignity_n that_o whensoever_o he_o shall_v enter_v into_o city_n town_n garrison_n camp_n or_o other_o randesvouze_n of_o abode_n he_o be_v to_o be_v first_o lodge_v before_o any_o other_o officer_n or_o soldier_n and_o not_o in_o any_o mean_a place_n but_o the_o best_a and_o most_o spacious_a for_o the_o drawng_n up_o of_o the_o soldier_n upon_o any_o alarm_n and_o his_o quarter_n ought_v to_o be_v the_o most_o secure_a from_o danger_n 4._o the_o ensign_n have_v dignity_n of_o place_n according_a to_o the_o antiquity_n of_o his_o 〈◊〉_d but_o in_o one_o particular_a case_n it_o have_v be_v judge_v to_o be_v great_a than_o his_o captain_n 〈◊〉_d dare_v place_n to_o he_o as_o thus_o no_o captain_n can_v receive_v his_o antiquity_n from_o his_o inrollment_n but_o from_o the_o first_o hour_n in_o which_o his_o colour_n fly_v for_o if_o two_o be_v enrol_v upon_o one_o day_n and_o the_o latter_a march_v before_o the_o face_n of_o his_o enemy_n with_o his_o colour_n fly_v in_o this_o case_n the_o first_o have_v lose_v his_o priority_n and_o the_o latter_a for_o ever_o after_o shall_v precede_v he_o i_o have_v read_v of_o another_o resolve_n three_o captain_n or_o more_o as_o occasion_n happen_v be_v all_o enrol_v upon_o a_o day_n and_o all_o their_o colour_n fly_v present_o upon_o a_o truce_n composition_n or_o other_o occasion_n there_o be_v some_o small_a cessation_n of_o arm_n and_o these_o new_a enrol_v captain_n be_v cashier_v or_o dismiss_v for_o the_o present_a service_n now_o the_o two_o first_o that_o have_v priority_n of_o place_n not_o only_o by_o inrollment_n but_o by_o fly_v of_o their_o ensign_n because_o they_o will_v not_o be_v out_o of_o action_n to_o a_o soldier_n the_o taste_n of_o gain_n be_v pleasant_a take_v upon_o they_o the_o command_v as_o lieutenant_n of_o two_o colonel_n company_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v captain_n place_n in_o courtesy_n retain_v those_o title_n and_o in_o some_o court_n of_o war_n have_v have_v their_o voice_n now_o the_o three_o all_o this_o time_n take_v upon_o he_o no_o place_n but_o remain_v in_o statu_fw-la quo_fw-la prius_fw-la and_o in_o revolution_n of_o time_n all_o these_o three_o captain_n aforesaid_a be_v again_o commissionated_a for_o three_o new_a company_n of_o their_o own_o the_o question_n be_v who_o ensign_n shall_v fly_v first_o and_o which_o of_o these_o three_o shall_v have_v the_o priority_n of_o place_n it_o be_v thus_o answer_v and_o adjudge_v by_o the_o old_a earl_n of_o essex_n and_o sir_n francis_n vere_n etc._n etc._n that_o the_o two_o first_o who_o have_v take_v upon_o they_o lieutenancy_n have_v utter_o lose_v their_o superiority_n and_o the_o three_o who_o honour_n sleep_v but_o diminish_v not_o have_v precedency_n of_o place_n and_o his_o ensign_n fly_v before_o the_o other_o ever_o after_o 5._o the_o ensign_n have_v this_o dignity_n to_o have_v a_o guard_n ever_o about_o it_o which_o no_o other_o officer_n have_v neither_o be_v it_o to_o be_v disimbogue_v or_o unlodged_a without_o a_o special_a guard_n attend_v upon_o it_o both_o of_o musquetteer_n and_o pike_n and_o so_o for_o a_o cornet_n with_o his_o own_o squadron_n of_o horse_n also_o in_o the_o field_n if_o it_o be_v in_o particular_a discipline_n or_o otherwise_o upon_o a_o alt_z or_o stand_v at_o such_o time_n as_o the_o army_n or_o company_n be_v to_o refresh_v themselves_o with_o victual_n or_o other_o rest_n in_o this_o case_n the_o ensign_n shall_v by_o no_o mean_n lay_v his_o colour_n upon_o the_o ground_n or_o put_v they_o in_o unworthy_a or_o base_a hand_n but_o he_o shall_v first_o furl_n and_o fold_v they_o up_o and_o set_v the_o butt_n end_n on_o the_o ground_n support_v with_o the_o sergeant_n holbeart_n and_o the_o ensign_n himself_o shall_v not_o go_v from_o the_o view_n thereof_o unless_o he_o shall_v leave_v a_o sufficient_a guard_n for_o they_o 6._o an_o other_o dignity_n of_o a_o ensign_n be_v if_o a_o nobleman_n or_o a_o esquire_n will_v take_v upon_o he_o the_o command_n of_o a_o private_a company_n and_o have_v no_o other_o superior_a place_n in_o a_o army_n and_o a_o mean_a gentleman_n have_v the_o like_a equal_a command_n but_o a_o great_a deal_n more_o ancient_a although_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o respect_n if_o they_o shall_v happen_v in_o company_n unto_o the_o worth_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n yet_o the_o mean_a gentleman_n colour_n shall_v fly_v before_o the_o other_o as_o this_o have_v be_v the_o ancient_a practice_n in_o the_o war_n how_o then_o do_v those_o captain_n debase_v themselves_o and_o their_o ensign_n to_o suffer_v young_a captain_n to_o step_v in_o either_o by_o greatness_n in_o quality_n or_o favour_n to_o fly_v their_o colour_n before_o they_o etc._n etc._n 7._o every_o ensign_n have_v his_o dignity_n although_o he_o be_v whole_o to_o be_v at_o the_o captain_n command_v yet_o in_o justice_n no_o captain_n nor_o other_o officer_n can_v command_v the_o ensign-bearer_n from_o his_o colour_n for_o they_o be_v as_o man_n and_o wife_n and_o ought_v not_o to_o endure_v a_o separation_n nor_o can_v he_o be_v command_v with_o his_o ensign_n to_o any_o base_a dishonourable_a place_n or_o action_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o to_o this_o day_n this_o place_n and_o mark_v of_o honour_n be_v hold_v in_o such_o a_o venerable_a &_o worthy_a estimation_n among_o the_o spaniard_n and_o italian_n that_o they_o will_v not_o allow_v of_o any_o second_o between_o he_o and_o the_o captain_n as_o the_o name_n of_o a_o lieutenant_n to_o be_v among_o they_o think_v it_o to_o be_v a_o superfluous_a charge_n and_o command_v because_o it_o be_v in_o their_o judgement_n a_o lessen_v and_o a_o bate_n of_o the_o ensign_n honour_n but_o in_o this_o although_o we_o esteem_v a_o ensign_n very_o honourable_a we_o in_o england_n differ_v from_o they_o own_v the_o place_n of_o a_o lieutenant_n to_o be_v honourable_a and_o necessary_a who_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o man_n of_o most_o approve_a experience_n for_o he_o take_v from_o the_o captain_n those_o heavy_a burden_n which_o otherwise_o will_v make_v the_o captain_n trouble_v insupportable_a nor_o can_v the_o ensign_n discharge_v they_o unless_o he_o neglect_v his_o care_n and_o duty_n to_o his_o colour_n 8._o as_o for_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o ensign_n in_o england_n not_o meddle_v with_o the_o standard_n royal_a to_o a_o regimental_n dignity_n the_o colonel_n colour_n in_o the_o first_o place_n be_v of_o a_o pure_a and_o clean_a colour_n without_o any_o mixture_n the_o lieutenant_n colonel_n only_o with_o saint_n george_n arm_n in_o the_o upper_a corner_n next_o the_o staff_n the_o major_n the_o same_o but_o in_o the_o low_a and_o outmost_a corner_n with_o a_o little_a stream_n blazant_n and_o every_o captain_n with_o saint_n george_n arm_n alone_o but_o with_o so_o many_o spot_n or_o several_a device_n as_o pertain_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o their_o respective_a place_n but_o with_o we_o in_o england_n placing_z and_o displace_v be_v leave_v to_o the_o generalissimo_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o to_o his_o substitute_n or_o deputy_n it_o be_v to_o i_o a_o riddle_n that_o any_o person_n who_o can_v be_v stain_v with_o the_o least_o blemish_n shall_v lose_v his_o advancing_z honour_n but_o kiss_v go_v by_o favour_n chap._n v._o of_o disgrace_n to_o the_o ensign_n there_o be_v as_o many_o disgrace_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o ensign_n as_o dignity_n i_o shall_v for_o brevity_n sake_n mention_v but_o some_o few_o all_o which_o must_v proceed_v from_o mistake_n in_o one_o of_o these_o three_o unskilful_a composure_n negligent_a government_n or_o rash_a action_n 1._o touch_v unskilful_a composure_n either_o in_o false_a make_n or_o bear_v of_o ensign_n and_o that_o you_o may_v be_v inform_v for_o the_o composure_n thereof_o i_o can_v better_v it_o than_o to_o declare_v to_o you_o markham_n own_o word_n out_o of_o his_o soldier_n accidence_n pag._n 31._o he_o say_v there_o must_v be_v in_o military_a honour_n nine_o several_a face_n or_o complexion_n that_o be_v to_o say_v two_o which_o be_v call_v metal_n as_o yellow_a and_o white_a figure_v gold_n and_o silver_n and_o seven_o which_o be_v call_v proper_a colour_n as_o black_a blue_a red_a green_n purple_a tunnis_n and_o ermine_n and_o here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o no_o metal_n be_v to_o be_v carry_v upon_o metal_n and_o for_o the_o signification_n of_o those_o colour_n you_o shall_v understand_v that_o 1._o yellow_n betoken_v honour_n or_o height_n of_o spirit_n which_o be_v never_o separate_v from_o virtue_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v most_o jealous_a of_o disgrace_n and_o may_v not_o endure_v the_o least_o shadow_n of_o imputation_n
for_o that_o purpose_n and_o make_v it_o like_o paste_n then_o as_o be_v usual_a let_v it_o be_v beat_v up_o strong_o with_o a_o iron_n bar_n the_o more_o it_o be_v beat_v the_o better_a it_o be_v in_o the_o beat_n add_v one_o sixth_o part_n of_o horse_n dung_n and_o a_o proportionable_a part_n of_o flox_n or_o hair_n and_o let_v it_o again_o be_v well_o beat_v and_o incorporate_v always_o keep_v a_o moiety_n of_o this_o earth_n without_o hair_n or_o flox_n which_o be_v for_o groundwork_n and_o these_o composition_n or_o earth_n thus_o incorporate_v you_o must_v reserve_v for_o the_o make_v your_o mould_v for_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n according_a to_o the_o rule_v prescribe_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n chap._n ii_o of_o make_v mould_v and_o cast_v piece_n of_o ordnance_n with_o the_o mixture_n of_o metal_n and_o allowance_n of_o powder_n for_o proof_n as_o a_o master_n builder_n when_o he_o intend_v the_o building_n a_o ship_n make_v first_o a_o mould_n or_o moddel_n of_o the_o same_o so_o the_o master_n gunner_n or_o he_o that_o take_v in_o hand_n the_o business_n of_o cast_v gun_n must_v have_v a_o form_n or_o model_n of_o his_o piece_n intend_v make_v of_o wood_n or_o such_o other_o matter_n he_o may_v think_v most_o convenient_a which_o then_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o founder_n with_o a_o intent_n to_o be_v cast_v must_v first_o be_v smeer_v all_o over_o with_o palm_n oil_n or_o instead_o of_o that_o our_o lard_n or_o hogs-grease_n than_o first_o cover_v it_o over_o with_o the_o say_a earth_n thin_o and_o let_v it_o dry_v leisurely_o then_o lay_v on_o more_o increase_a it_o to_o such_o a_o thickness_n as_o you_o may_v judge_v convenient_a for_o your_o purpose_n and_o it_o must_v be_v so_o make_v that_o it_o may_v be_v take_v into_o several_a part_n so_o that_o the_o pattern_n may_v be_v take_v out_o and_o the_o mould_n again_o exact_o close_v and_o the_o outside_n strengthen_v with_o iron_n plate_n as_o long_o as_o the_o chase_n of_o the_o piece_n be_v and_o hoop_v together_o with_o iron_n hoop_n to_o knock_v on_o and_o off_o then_o must_v there_o be_v make_v with_o the_o same_o earth_n upon_o a_o square_a bar_n of_o iron_n bind_v round_o with_o a_o cord_n that_o the_o clay_n may_v stick_v well_o a_o form_n exact_o round_a of_o the_o fashion_n of_o the_o concave_n of_o your_o piece_n whether_o you_o intend_v it_o a_o cylend_a or_o a_o chamber-board_n piece_n proportion_v both_o in_o length_n and_o diameter_n and_o it_o must_v be_v place_v exact_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o concave_n and_o when_o all_o be_v well_o join_v together_o be_v sure_a it_o be_v well_o polish_v and_o smooth_v that_o the_o metal_n may_v run_v the_o better_a and_o be_v the_o clear_a from_o flaw_n hole_n or_o cleft_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o your_o work_n take_v care_n that_o your_o mould_n be_v exact_o proportionable_a as_o to_o height_n and_o substantialness_n of_o metal_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o piece_n you_o intend_v that_o be_v the_o canon_n double-fortified_n must_v be_v so_o cast_v that_o the_o diameter_n at_o muzzle_n be_v but_o 7_o 18_o of_o the_o diameter_n at_o britch_n the_o lesser_a cannon_n at_o britch_n to_o be_v ¾_n so_o big_a as_o the_o great_a cannon_n 9_o 18_o at_o trunion_n and_o 1_o 18_o at_o muzzle_n whereas_o ordinary_a fortify_v cannon_n have_v at_o the_o touchhole_n 7_o 8_o at_o the_o trunion_n 5_o 8_o and_o at_o the_o muzzle_n 1_o 8_o all_o lesser_a piece_n in_o that_o kind_n have_v 18_o 18_o at_o the_o touchhole_n 25_o â—8_o at_o trunion_n and_o 9_o 18_o at_o muzzle_n and_o the_o ordinary_a fortify_v culverin_n be_v fortify_v every_o way_n like_o the_o double_a fortify_v cannon_n and_o the_o lesser_a culverin_n like_o the_o ordinary_a fortify_v cannon_n in_o all_o respect_n great_a care_n must_v be_v take_v in_o the_o cast_n of_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n that_o they_o be_v equal_v every_o way_n in_o proportion_n of_o metal_n that_o be_v that_o the_o cylend_a be_v in_o the_o very_a middle_n of_o the_o metal_n that_o it_o may_v be_v true_o bore_v otherwise_o your_o piece_n will_v fail_v the_o artist_n that_o shall_v use_v it_o until_o the_o error_n be_v know_v in_o the_o next_o place_n let_v the_o trunion_n be_v exact_o place_v in_o a_o diagonal_a line_n with_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o piece_n and_o they_o may_v be_v place_v in_o their_o proper_a distance_n from_o the_o muzzle_n and_o britch_n if_o you_o observe_v these_o rule_n take_v the_o length_n of_o the_o bear_v of_o the_o piece_n from_o muzzle_n to_o britch_n divide_v that_o measure_n by_o seven_o and_o multiply_v that_o sum_n that_o come_v of_o the_o quotient_a by_o three_o the_o product_n will_v show_v you_o how_o many_o inch_n the_o trunion_n must_v stand_v from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o concavity_n of_o the_o piece_n and_o far_a note_n that_o the_o trunion_n ought_v to_o be_v place_v so_o as_o â…”_n of_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o piece_n may_v be_v see_v in_o that_o place_n where_o the_o trunion_n be_v set_v when_o all_o additional_a pattern_n as_o britch_n etc._n etc._n be_v make_v and_o lute_v in_o their_o proper_a place_n all_o thing_n at_o pleasure_n be_v neat_o add_v to_o the_o pattern_n let_v the_o mould_n then_o be_v fix_v or_o place_v so_o as_o be_v most_o convenient_a for_o the_o pour_v in_o the_o metal_n so_o when_o the_o metal_n be_v cast_v the_o perfect_a impression_n will_v be_v make_v upon_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o piece_n and_o the_o cylender_n will_v keep_v the_o bear_v propose_v according_a to_o what_o you_o have_v prescribe_v the_o length_n of_o the_o piece_n and_o its_o diameter_n of_o the_o bore_n may_v be_v find_v by_o the_o follow_a table_n in_o the_o next_o chapter_n for_o the_o metal_n general_o use_v for_o those_o gun_n general_o call_v brass_n gun_n they_o be_v mixture_n and_o many_o time_n vary_v as_o experience_n will_v give_v leave_n some_o of_o the_o chief_a do_v approve_v of_o this_o mixture_n that_o be_v to_o every_o hundred_o weight_n of_o copper_n 24_o pound_n of_o tin_n and_o 6_o pound_n of_o latin_a other_o to_o 100_o l._n of_o copper_n add_v 8_o l._n of_o tin_n and_o 10_o l._n of_o latin_n other_o to_o ever_o 100_o l._n add_v 20_o l._n of_o bell-metal_n which_o be_v 25_o l._n of_o lead_n and_o tin_n to_o every_o 100_o l._n of_o of_o copper_n some_o add_v tin_n lead_v copper_n and_o lapis_fw-la calaminaris_n together_o so_o every_o one_o follow_v such_o way_n of_o composition_n as_o do_v most_o please_v his_o own_o experience_n the_o copper_n and_o other_o better_a metal_n be_v once_o melt_v the_o tin_n and_o lead_n be_v add_v for_o the_o better_a and_o quick_a fusion_n and_o the_o high_a the_o metal_n be_v in_o fusion_n the_o more_o solid_a and_o compact_a your_o metal_n will_v run_v and_o settle_v the_o latin_a do_v incorporate_a and_o cause_v the_o piece_n to_o be_v of_o a_o good_a colour_n and_o the_o tin_n do_v strengthen_v and_o bind_v the_o other_o matter_n together_o now_o a_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n be_v 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