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so_o long_o but_o that_o within_o a_o short_a time_n he_o begin_v to_o solace_v and_o raise_v his_o droop_a spirit_n with_o the_o thought_n of_o a_o new_a wife_n and_o have_v marry_v adelice_n a.d._n 1118_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o louvain_n he_o purpose_v to_o go_v against_o wales_n and_o have_v prepare_v his_o force_n he_o lead_v they_o in_o person_n to_o powys-land_n when_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n and_o eineon_n madawc_n and_o morgan_n the_o son_n of_o cadwgan_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o country_n hear_v of_o it_o they_o send_v to_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north_n wales_n desire_v some_o help_n at_o his_o hand_n who_o flat_o refuse_v assure_v they_o that_o because_o he_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n he_o can_v neither_o with_o honour_n nor_o safety_n send_v they_o any_o succour_n nor_o permit_v they_o to_o come_v within_o his_o dominion_n the_o lord_n of_o powy_n receive_v this_o unwelcome_a answer_n and_o have_v now_o 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earl_n of_o portland_n and_o his_o heir_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o denbigh_n bromfield_n and_o yale_n and_o divers_a other_o land_n in_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n together_o with_o several_a estate_n of_o inheritance_n enjoy_v by_o many_o of_o your_o majesty_n subject_n by_o virtue_n of_o ancient_a grant_n from_o the_o crown_n that_o the_o say_a manor_n with_o the_o large_a and_o extensive_a royalty_n power_n and_o jurisdiction_n to_o the_o same_o belong_v be_v of_o great_a concern_v to_o your_o majesty_n and_o the_o crown_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o that_o the_o same_o have_v be_v usual_o annex_v to_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n and_o settle_a on_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n for_o their_o support_n and_o that_o a_o great_a number_n of_o your_o majesty_n subject_n in_o those_o part_n hold_v their_o estate_n by_o royal_a tenure_n under_o great_a and_o valuable_a composition_n rent_n royal-payment_n and_o service_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o 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his_o death_n more_o lament_v by_o the_o english_a nation_n who_o have_v he_o live_v to_o sit_v upon_o the_o helm_n no_o one_o doubt_v but_o that_o he_o will_v have_v exceed_v as_o to_o all_o qualification_n the_o most_o glorious_a renown_n of_o the_o great_a of_o his_o ancestor_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o live_v sir_n tudor_n vaughan_n ap_fw-mi grono_n descend_v lineal_o from_o ednyfed_a vaughan_n a_o person_n as_o to_o estate_n power_n and_o interest_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a in_o north_n wales_n upon_o some_o motive_n either_o of_o ambition_n or_o fancy_n he_o assume_v to_o himself_o the_o honour_n of_o knighthood_n require_v all_o people_n to_o call_v and_o style_v he_o sir_n tudor_n ap_fw-mi grono_n as_o if_o he_o do_v prognosticate_v and_o foresee_v that_o out_o of_o his_o loin_n shall_v arise_v those_o that_o shall_v have_v power_n to_o confer_v that_o honor._n king_n edward_n be_v inform_v of_o such_o unparalleled_a presumption_n send_v for_o sir_n tudor_n and_o ask_v he_o with_o what_o confidence_n he_o dare_v invade_v his_o prerogative_n by_o assume_v the_o degree_n of_o knighthood_n without_o his_o authority_n sir_n tudor_n reply_v that_o by_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o king_n arthur_n he_o have_v the_o liberty_n of_o take_v upon_o himself_o that_o title_n in_o regard_n he_o have_v those_o three_o qualification_n which_o whosoever_o be_v endue_v with_o can_v by_o those_o law_n claim_v the_o honour_n of_o a_o knight_n 1._o he_o be_v a_o gentleman_n 2._o he_o have_v a_o sufficient_a estate_n and_o 3._o he_o be_v valiant_a and_o adventurous_a add_v this_o withal_o if_o my_o valour_n and_o hardiness_n be_v doubt_v of_o lo_o here_o i_o throw_v down_o my_o glove_n and_o for_o due_a proof_n of_o my_o courage_n i_o be_o ready_a to_o fight_v with_o any_o man_n whatever_o he_o be_v the_o king_n appprove_v and_o like_v well_o the_o man_n forwardness_n and_o resolution_n be_v easy_o persuade_v to_o confirm_v the_o honour_n of_o knighthood_n upon_o he_o from_o this_o sir_n tudor_n lineal_o descend_v henry_n the_o seven_o king_n of_o england_n who_o be_v the_o son_n of_o edmund_n earl_n of_o richmond_n the_o son_n of_o sir_n owen_n tudor_n son_n to_o meredith_n the_o son_n of_o this_o sir_n tudor_n ap_fw-mi gono_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o black_a prince_n his_o son_n richard_z bear_v at_o bourdeaux_n in_o france_n be_v but_o ten_o year_n of_o age_n be_v create_v prince_n of_o wales_n at_o havering_n at_o bower_n on_o the_o 20_o day_n of_o november_n and_o in_o the_o a.d._n 1377_o 50th_o year_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o his_o grandfather_n reign_n who_o he_o succeed_v in_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n henry_n bear_v at_o monmouth_n son_n and_o heir_n to_o henry_n the_o four_o king_n of_o england_n upon_o the_o 15_o of_o october_n in_o the_o one_a year_n of_o his_o father_n reign_n be_v create_v prince_n of_o wales_n at_o westminster_n who_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o english_a crown_n by_o the_o name_n of_o henry_n the_o five_o whilst_o richard_n the_o second_o reign_v one_o owen_z ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi fychan_n descend_v of_o a_o young_a son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi madoc_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n be_v not_o a_o little_a famous_a this_o owen_n have_v his_o education_n in_o one_o of_o the_o inns-of-court_n where_o he_o become_v barister_n at_o law_n and_o afterward_o in_o very_o great_a favour_n and_o credit_n serve_v king_n richard_n and_o continue_v with_o he_o at_o flint_n castle_n till_o at_o length_n the_o king_n be_v take_v by_o henry_n duke_n of_o lancaster_n betwixt_o this_o owen_n and_o reginald_n lord_n grace_n of_o rhuthyn_n there_o happen_v no_o small_a difference_n touch_v a_o common_a lie_v between_o the_o lordship_n of_o rhuthyn_n whereof_o reginald_n be_v owner_n and_o the_o lordship_n of_o glyndowrdwy_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o owen_n whence_o he_o borrow_v the_o name_n of_o glyndwr_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o owen_n as_o be_v a_o courtier_n and_o in_o no_o mean_a esteem_n with_o the_o king_n do_v overpower_v reginald_n who_o be_v neither_o so_o well_o befriend_v at_o court_n nor_o belove_v in_o the_o country_n as_o owen_n be_v but_o after_o king_n richard_n deposal_n the_o scene_n be_v alter_v and_o reginald_n as_o then_o better_o befriend_v than_o owen_n enter_v upon_o the_o common_a which_o occasion_v owen_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o to_o make_v his_o complaint_n in_o parliament_n against_o he_o for_o thus_o divest_v he_o of_o his_o right_n no_o redress_n be_v find_v the_o bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n wish_v the_o lord_n to_o take_v care_n that_o by_o thus_o slight_v his_o complaint_n they_o do_v not_o irritate_fw-la and_o provoke_v the_o welsh_a to_o a_o insurrection_n to_o which_o some_o of_o the_o lord_n reply_v that_o they_o do_v not_o fear_v those_o rascally_a barefooted_n people_n glyndwr_n therefore_o perceive_v how_o his_o petition_n be_v slight_v in_o parliament_n and_o find_v no_o other_o method_n to_o redress_v himself_o have_v several_a friend_n and_o follower_n put_v himself_o in_o arm_n against_o reginald_n and_o meet_v he_o in_o the_o field_n overcome_v and_o take_v he_o prisoner_n and_o spoil_v his_o lordship_n of_o rhuthyn_n upon_o this_o many_o resort_v to_o he_o from_o all_o part_n of_o wales_n some_o think_v he_o to_o be_v in_o as_o great_a favour_n now_o as_o in_o king_n richard_n day_n other_o put_v in_o his_o head_n that_o now_o the_o time_n be_v come_v when_o the_o britain_n by_o his_o mean_n may_v again_o recover_v the_o honour_n and_o liberty_n of_o their_o ancestor_n but_o reginald_n be_v thus_o keep_v prisoner_n and_o very_o severe_o handle_v by_o owen_n to_o terrify_v he_o into_o compliance_n with_o he_o in_o his_o rebellious_a act_n and_o not_o permit_v to_o have_v his_o liberty_n under_o ten_o thousand_o mark_n for_o his_o ransom_n whereof_o six_o thousand_o to_o be_v pay_v upon_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n martin_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o and_o to_o deliver_v up_o his_o elder_a son_n with_o some_o other_o person_n of_o quality_n as_o hostage_n for_o the_o remainder_n the_o king_n at_o the_o humble_a suit_n of_o reginald_n see_v no_o other_o way_n for_o his_o enlargement_n give_v way_n thereto_o authorise_v sir_n william_n de_fw-fr roos_n sir_n richard_n de_fw-fr grey_n sir_n william_n de_fw-fr willughby_n sir_n william_n le_fw-fr zouche_n sir_n hugh_n huls_n as_o also_o john_n harvey_n william_n vaus_n john_n lee_n john_n langford_n thomas_n payne_n and_o john_n elnestow_v to_o treat_v with_o owen_n and_o his_o council_n and_o to_o conclude_v in_o what_o they_o shall_v conceive_v most_o expedient_a and_o necessary_a to_o be_v do_v for_o his_o redemption_n whereupon_o they_o consent_v to_o give_v the_o sum_n demand_v by_o glyndwr_n for_o his_o deliverance_n the_o king_n give_v licence_n to_o robert_n braybroke_n bishop_n of_o london_n as_o also_o to_o sir_n gerard_n braybroke_n the_o father_n and_o sir_n gerard_n the_o son_n than_o feoffee_n of_o divers_a lordship_n for_o this_o reginald_n to_o sell_v the_o manor_n of_o hertelegh_n in_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n towards_o the_o raise_n of_o that_o money_n and_o for_o the_o better_a enable_v he_o to_o pay_v so_o great_a a_o fine_a the_o king_n be_v please_v to_o grant_v that_o whereas_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o such_o person_n who_o be_v owner_n of_o land_n in_o ireland_n and_o do_v not_o there_o reside_v shall_v for_o such_o their_o neglect_n forfeit_v two_o part_n of_o the_o profit_n of_o they_o to_o the_o king_n that_o notwithstanding_o this_o act_n he_o shall_v forfeit_v nothing_o for_o nonresidence_n there_o during_o the_o term_n of_o six_o year_n next_o ensue_v this_o good_a success_n over_o the_o lord_n grace_n together_o with_o the_o numerous_a resort_n of_o the_o welsh_a to_o he_o and_o the_o favourable_a interpretation_n of_o the_o prophecy_n of_o merdhyn_n which_o some_o construe_v very_o advantagioussy_a make_v the_o swell_a mind_n of_o glyndwr_n overflow_v its_o bank_n and_o give_v he_o some_o hope_n of_o restore_v this_o island_n back_o to_o the_o britain_n wherefore_o he_o set_v upon_o the_o earl_n of_o march_n who_o meet_v he_o with_o a_o numerous_a party_n of_o hereford-shire_n man_n but_o when_o they_o come_v to_o close_v the_o welshman_n prove_v too_o powerful_a and_o have_v kill_v above_o a_o thousand_o man_n of_o the_o english_a they_o take_v the_o earl_n of_o march_n prisoner_n king_n henry_n upon_o this_o be_v frequent_o request_v to_o ransom_n the_o earl_n but_o to_o no_o purpose_n for_o whether_o by_o reason_n that_o mortimer_n have_v a_o just_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n than_o himself_o he_o be_v the_o next_o heir_n in_o blood_n after_o king_n richard_n who_o be_v as_o yet_o live_v or_o because_o of_o some_o other_o private_a odium_fw-la the_o king_n will_v
never_o hearken_v to_o his_o redemption_n allege_v that_o he_o wilful_o throw_v himself_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o glyndwr_n but_o about_o the_o midst_n of_o august_n to_o correct_v the_o presumptuous_a attempt_n of_o the_o welsh_a the_o king_n go_v in_o person_n with_o a_o great_a army_n into_o wales_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o extraordinary_a excess_n of_o weather_n which_o some_o attribute_v to_o the_o magic_n of_o glyndwr_n he_o be_v glad_a to_o return_v safe_a but_o the_o earl_n of_o march_n perceive_v that_o he_o be_v not_o like_a to_o obtain_v his_o liberty_n by_o king_n henry_n mean_n whether_o out_o of_o compliance_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o tedious_a captivity_n or_o affection_n to_o the_o young_a lady_n he_o agree_v to_o take_v part_n with_o owen_n against_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o to_o marry_v his_o daughter_n with_o they_o join_v the_o earl_n of_o worcester_n and_o his_o brother_n the_o earl_n of_o northumberland_n with_o his_o son_n the_o valiant_a lord_n percy_n who_o conspire_v to_o depose_v the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o the_o house_n of_o the_o archdeacon_n of_o bangor_n by_o their_o deputy_n divide_v the_o realm_n among_o they_o cause_v a_o tripartite_a indenture_n to_o be_v make_v and_o to_o be_v seal_v with_o every_o one_o seal_n by_o which_o covenant_n all_o that_o country_n lie_v betwixt_o the_o severn_n and_o the_o trent_n southward_o be_v assign_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o march_n all_o wales_n and_o the_o land_n beyond_o the_o severn_n westward_n be_v appoint_v glyndwr_n and_o all_o from_o the_o trent_n northward_o to_o the_o lord_n percy_n this_o be_v do_v as_o some_o say_v through_o a_o foolish_a credit_n they_o give_v to_o a_o vain_a prophecy_n as_o though_o king_n henry_n be_v the_o execrable_a moldwarp_n and_o they_o three_o the_o dragon_n the_o lion_n and_o the_o wolf_n which_o shall_v pull_v he_o down_o and_o distribute_v his_o kingdom_n among_o themselves_o after_o that_o they_o exhibit_v article_n of_o their_o grievance_n to_o king_n henry_n and_o divulge_v their_o reason_n for_o take_v up_o arm_n at_o length_n they_o march_v with_o all_o their_o power_n towards_o shrewsbury_n to_o fight_v the_o king_n depend_v main_o upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o glyndwr_n and_o his_o welshman_n but_o the_o matter_n be_v go_v so_o far_o that_o whether_o he_o come_v in_o or_o no_o they_o must_v fight_v and_o so_o both_o army_n be_v join_v the_o king_n party_n prevail_v young_a percy_n be_v slay_v upon_o the_o spot_n and_o douglas_n beside_o most_o of_o the_o english_a of_o quality_n who_o with_o a_o party_n of_o scotch_a have_v come_v to_o the_o aid_n of_o the_o confederate_n be_v take_v prisoner_n but_o afterward_o honourable_o set_v at_o liberty_n by_o the_o intercession_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o earl_n of_o northumberland_n be_v a_o march_v forward_o with_o a_o great_a party_n from_o the_o north_n but_o the_o king_n have_v settle_v matter_n about_o shrewsbury_n come_v to_o york_n and_o send_v to_o he_o to_o lay_v down_o his_o arm_n he_o voluntary_o submit_v and_o dismiss_v his_o force_n then_o the_o king_n return_v from_o yorkshire_n determine_v to_o pass_v over_o to_o north-wales_n to_o chastise_v the_o presumptuous_a practice_n of_o the_o immorigerous_a welsh_a who_o after_o his_o departure_n from_o shrewsbury_n have_v make_v inroad_n into_o the_o march_n and_o do_v much_o hurt_v to_o his_o english_a subject_n but_o other_o business_n of_o great_a consequence_n intervening_a he_o detach_v his_o son_n the_o prince_n of_o wales_n who_o take_v the_o castle_n of_o aberystwyth_n which_o be_v quick_o again_o retake_v by_o owen_n glyndwr_n who_o thrust_v into_o it_o a_o strong_a garrison_n of_o welch_n but_o â—n_o the_o battle_n of_o huske_n seek_v upon_o the_o fifteen_o of_o march_n the_o welsh_a receive_v a_o very_a considerable_a blow_n from_o the_o prince_n man_n glyndwr_n son_n be_v take_v prisoner_n beside_o fifteen_o hundred_o more_o take_v and_o slay_v after_o this_o we_o hear_v little_a of_o glyndwr_n except_v that_o he_o continue_v and_o persist_v to_o vex_v and_o plague_v the_o english_a upon_o the_o march_n to_o the_o ten_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n reign_n when_o he_o miserable_o end_v his_o life_n be_v as_o holingshed_n report_v holin_n holin_n towards_o his_o â—atter_n day_n drive_v to_o that_o extremity_n that_o despair_v of_o all_o comfort_n he_o flee_v and_o lurk_v in_o cave_n and_o other_o the_o most_o solitary_a place_n fear_v to_o show_v his_o face_n to_o any_o creature_n till_o at_o length_n be_v starve_v for_o hunger_n and_o lack_n of_o sustenance_n he_o miserable_o end_v his_o life_n but_o these_o rebellious_a practice_n of_o glyndwr_n high_o exasperate_v king_n henry_n against_o the_o welsh_a insomuch_o that_o several_a rigorous_a and_o unmerciful_a law_n be_v enact_v relate_v to_o wales_n which_o in_o effect_n destroy_v all_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o welsh_a subject_n they_o be_v make_v incapable_a of_o purchase_v any_o land_n or_o to_o be_v elect_v member_n of_o any_o county_n or_o burrough_n and_o to_o undertake_v any_o office_n whether_o civil_a or_o military_a in_o any_o town_n incorporate_v if_o any_o suit_n at_o law_n happen_v betwixt_o a_o english_a man_n and_o a_o welsh_a man_n the_o former_a can_v not_o be_v convict_v but_o by_o the_o sentence_n of_o a_o english_a judge_n and_o the_o verdict_n of_o a_o english_a jury_n beside_o that_o any_o english_a man_n who_o marry_v a_o welsh_a woman_n be_v thereby_o forthwith_o disfranchise_v from_o all_o the_o liberty_n of_o a_o english_a subject_n it_o be_v far_o enact_v that_o no_o welsh_a man_n shall_v be_v in_o possession_n of_o any_o castle_n or_o other_o place_n of_o strength_n and_o that_o no_o victual_n or_o armour_n shall_v be_v bring_v into_o wales_n without_o a_o special_a warrant_n from_o the_o king_n or_o his_o council_n and_o far_o that_o no_o welsh_a man_n be_v capable_a of_o undertake_v the_o office_n of_o justice_n chamberlain_z sheriff_z or_o any_o other_o place_n of_o trust_n in_o any_o part_n of_o wales_n notwithstanding_o any_o patent_n or_o licence_n heretofore_o give_v to_o the_o contrary_n these_o with_o many_z other_o most_o rigorous_a and_o unjust_a law_n particular_o that_o forbid_v any_o welsh_a man_n to_o bring_v up_o his_o child_n to_o learning_n or_o to_o bind_v they_o apprentice_n to_o any_o trade_n or_o occupation_n be_v enact_v by_o the_o king_n against_o the_o welsh_a so_o that_o nothing_o can_v cool_v his_o displeasure_n but_o that_o a_o whole_a nation_n shall_v be_v wrongful_o oppress_v for_o the_o fault_n and_o miscarriage_n of_o one_o person_n but_o one_o may_v think_v that_o this_o be_v no_o politic_a method_n to_o secure_v a_o nation_n in_o its_o allegiance_n which_o upon_o light_a affront_v be_v use_v to_o defend_v its_o privilege_n and_o therefore_o we_o may_v well_o attribute_v the_o quiet_a disposition_n of_o the_o welsh_a towards_o this_o time_n to_o the_o moderation_n of_o henry_n the_o five_o who_o within_o a_o little_a time_n succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n co-temporary_a with_o glyndwr_n be_v sir_n david_n gam_n so_o call_v by_o reason_n he_o have_v but_o one_o eye_n the_o son_n of_o lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi howel_n vaughan_n of_o brecknock_n by_o maud_n the_o daughter_n of_o jefan_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n ap_fw-mi ifor_n of_o eluel_n he_o be_v a_o great_a stickler_n for_o the_o duke_n of_o lancaster_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n become_v mortal_a enemy_n to_o glyndwr_n who_o have_v his_o education_n as_o be_v say_v before_o at_o one_o of_o the_o inn_n of_o court_n get_v to_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o service_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o who_o as_o walsingham_n say_v make_v he_o his_o scutifer_n or_o shield-bearer_n but_o be_v inform_v that_o his_o master_n richard_n be_v depose_v and_o murder_v and_o withal_o be_v provoke_v by_o several_a wrong_n and_o affront_v do_v he_o by_o his_o neighbour_n the_o lord_n grace_n of_o rhuthyn_n who_o king_n henry_n great_o countenance_v and_o look_v upon_o henry_n as_o a_o usurper_n he_o cause_v himself_o to_o be_v proclaim_v prince_n of_o wales_n and_o for_o a_o better_a grace_n of_o the_o matter_n he_o feign_v himself_o to_o be_v descend_v by_o a_o daughter_n from_o lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi the_o last_o prince_n whereas_o in_o truth_n he_o come_v paternal_o but_o from_o a_o young_a brother_n of_o the_o house_n of_o powy_n but_o as_o ambition_n have_v no_o moderation_n so_o glyndwr_n for_o a_o time_n act_v the_o part_n of_o a_o prince_n and_o summon_v a_o parliament_n to_o meet_v at_o machynlleth_n whither_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o wales_n appear_v and_o among_o the_o rest_n sir_n david_n gam_n but_o not_o upon_o the_o same_o design_n with_o the_o rest_n have_v a_o intention_n in_o this_o meeting_n to_o murder_v glyndyfwr_fw-mi but_o the_o plot_n be_v discover_v and_o
at_o brentford_n and_o come_v to_o kent_n in_o pursuit_n of_o â—nute_n who_o upon_o engage_v be_v so_o shameful_o defeat_v at_o first_o and_o his_o man_n put_v to_o that_o terrible_a flight_n that_o â—ere_z want_v nothing_o of_o a_o full_a and_o absolute_a victory_n â—â—t_v the_o true_a loyalty_n of_o the_o traitor_n edric_n who_o perceive_v the_o victory_n to_o incline_v to_o edmund_n and_o the_o â—anes_n like_v to_o receive_v their_o mortal_a and_o final_a blow_n â—â—yed_v aloud_o flee_v engle_n flee_v engle_n edmund_n be_v dead_a â—nd_v thereupon_o flee_v with_o that_o part_n of_o the_o army_n under_o â—â—s_o command_v leave_v the_o king_n overpower_a with_o â—umber_n by_o this_o desertion_n the_o english_a be_v at_o the_o â—â—st_n overthrow_v and_o a_o great_a number_n slay_v among_o â—hom_n be_v duke_n edmund_n duke_n alfric_n duke_n godâ—yn_n and_o vlfkettel_n the_o valiant_a duke_n of_o the_o east-angles_a together_o with_o all_o the_o english_a cavalry_n and_o a_o â—â—eat_a part_n of_o the_o nobility_n after_o this_o victory_n cnuteâ—arched_v â—arched_z triumphant_o to_o london_n and_o be_v crown_v king_n but_o edmund_n prepare_v to_o try_v his_o fortune_n in_o anâ—ther_n field_n muster_v together_o all_o the_o force_n he_o can_v â—nd_v meeting_n with_o cnute_n in_o gloucestershire_n intend_v â—o_o give_v he_o battle_n but_o consider_v what_o cruel_a and_o â—nnatural_a bloodshed_n have_v already_o happen_v both_o general_o agree_v to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o tedious_a quarrel_n by_o â—â—ngle_a combat_n and_o the_o place_n be_v appoint_v edmundâ—nd_a â—nd_z cnute_n fall_v to_o it_o very_o vigorous_o till_o at_o last_o cnuteâ—erceiving_v â—erceiving_z it_o impracticable_a to_o vanquish_v a_o man_n of_o iron_n sides_n lay_v down_o his_o weapon_n move_v this_o composition_n to_o divide_v the_o kingdom_n fair_o betwixt_o they_o edmund_n be_v not_o displease_v at_o the_o offer_n and_o therefore_o both_o party_n submit_v to_o this_o decision_n that_o edmund_n shall_v rule_v the_o westsaxons_a and_o the_o south_n cnute_n in_o mercia_n and_o all_o the_o north_n and_o so_o they_o part_v friend_n cnute_n move_v to_o london_n and_o edmund_n to_o oxford_n but_o edric_n be_v not_o please_v that_o edmund_n shall_v have_v any_o share_n at_o all_o of_o the_o government_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o conspire_v against_o his_o life_n and_o to_o deliver_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o england_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o cnute_n of_o who_o he_o may_v reasonable_o expect_v for_o this_o and_o other_o traitorous_a service_n a_o very_a ample_a and_o a_o answerable_a return_n this_o he_o commit_v to_o one_o of_o his_o own_o son_n to_o put_v in_o execution_n a_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o old_a stock_n and_o one_o early_o verse_v in_o wicked_a and_o traitorous_a design_n who_o perceive_v the_o king_n to_o go_v 〈◊〉_d stool_n thrust_v up_o a_o sharp_a knife_n up_o his_o fundament_n 〈◊〉_d which_o wound_v he_o present_o dye_v edric_n be_v quick_o certify_v of_o the_o fact_n post_v it_o up_o to_o london_n and_o with_o great_a joy_n and_o loud_a acclamation_n come_v to_o cnutâ—_n greet_v he_o as_o sole_a king_n of_o england_n and_o withal_o tell_v he_o in_o what_o manner_n and_o by_o who_o mean_n hâ—â—_n old_a enemy_n king_n edmund_n be_v assassinate_v and_o kill_v at_o oxford_n cnute_n though_o please_v at_o the_o death_n of_o edmund_n be_v a_o person_n of_o great_a honour_n than_o to_o commend_v so_o horrible_a a_o deed_n though_o do_v to_o a_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o tell_v edric_n that_o he_o will_v without_o faâ—â—_n take_v care_n to_o reward_v he_o as_o his_o desert_n require_v anâ—_n will_v advance_v he_o above_o all_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n which_o be_v quick_o perform_v his_o head_n be_v placeâ—_n upon_o the_o high_a tower_n in_o london_n for_o a_o terror_n 〈◊〉_d such_o villainous_a traitor_n to_o their_o king_n edric_n be_v thus_o deserve_o disappoint_v of_o the_o mighty_a thought_n he_o entertain_v of_o greatness_n upon_o the_o advancement_n of_o king_n cnute_n this_o generous_a dane_n scorn_v his_o basâ—ness_n and_o so_o have_v pay_v he_o a_o traitor_n reward_n cause_v execution_n to_o be_v do_v upon_o all_o edric_n complice_n and_o those_o that_o consent_v to_o the_o base_a murder_n oâ—_n that_o brave_a prince_n king_n edmund_n about_o the_o same_o time_n there_o happen_v no_o small_a disturbance_n a.d._n 1015_o and_o commotion_n in_o wales_n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi sytsylht_n have_v for_o some_o year_n sit_v still_o and_o quiet_a begin_v now_o to_o bestir_v himself_o and_o have_v draw_v all_o his_o force_n together_o march_v against_o aedan_n who_o forcible_o and_o without_o any_o legal_a pretence_n have_v enter_v upon_o and_o for_o all_o this_o time_n have_v keep_v himself_o in_o the_o government_n of_o north-wales_n aedan_n will_v not_o easy_o â—eject_v himself_o from_o what_o have_v be_v so_o long_o in_o his_o possession_n to_o maintain_v which_o he_o give_v lhewelyn_n battle_n but_o the_o day_n go_v against_o he_o himself_z with_o his_o four_o son_n be_v slay_v upon_o the_o spot_n upon_o which_o lheweâ—yn_n without_o any_o regard_n have_v to_o jago_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n the_o right_a heir_n take_v upon_o himself_o the_o title_n and_o authority_n of_o prince_n of_o all_o wales_n his_o pretence_n to_o north-wales_n be_v as_o be_v descend_v from_o traw_v daughter_n to_o elis_n second_o son_n to_o anarawd_n who_o be_v the_o elder_a son_n of_o roderic_n the_o great_a and_o to_o south_n wales_n as_o have_v marry_v angharad_n the_o only_a daughter_n of_o meredith_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n by_o virtue_n of_o which_o pretension_n he_o assume_v to_o himself_o the_o government_n of_o all_o wales_n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi sitsylht_n lhewelyn_n have_v as_o be_v say_v take_v upon_o he_o the_o general_a government_n of_o wales_n manage_v his_o charge_n with_o such_o prudence_n and_o moderation_n that_o the_o country_n in_o a_o short_a time_n become_v very_o flourish_v and_o prosperous_a peace_n and_o tranquillity_n be_v establish_v produce_v plenty_n and_o increase_n of_o all_o thing_n necessary_a to_o humane_a subsistence_n for_o there_o be_v none_o that_o can_v â—ay_n any_o claim_n or_o pretence_n to_o either_o of_o the_o principality_n except_v jago_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n who_o be_v indeed_o lawful_a heir_n of_o north-wales_n but_o either_o too_o weak_a to_o withstand_v or_o unwilling_a to_o disturb_v lhewelyn_n title_n he_o lay_v quiet_a for_o a_o time_n expect_v a_o better_a opportunity_n to_o recover_v his_o right_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n cnute_n be_v crown_v king_n of_o all_o england_n marrieâ—_n emma_n the_o widow_n of_o king_n edelred_n and_o for_o the_o better_a secure_v the_o english_a crown_n to_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n he_o think_v it_o expedient_a to_o dispatch_v edmund_n and_o edward_n the_o son_n of_o ironside_n out_o of_o the_o way_n but_o lefâ—_n such_o a_o execrable_a fact_n shall_v seem_v too_o black_a to_o be_v do_v in_o england_n he_o send_v the_o two_o youth_n to_o solomâ—n_a king_n of_o hungary_n will_v he_o to_o use_v some_o convenient_a opportunity_n to_o take_v away_o their_o life_n which_o seem_v to_o solomon_n so_o very_o unnatural_a that_o instead_o of_o comply_v with_o cnute_n request_n he_o educate_v and_o bring_v they_o up_o as_o his_o own_o child_n but_o cnute_n imagine_v now_o that_o his_o fear_n be_v over_o and_o his_o busâ—ness_n effectual_o finish_v so_o that_o he_o can_v the_o more_o bold_o demand_v of_o his_o subject_n what_o either_o his_o necessity_n or_o curiosity_n will_v prompt_v he_o to_o and_o reflect_v with_o himself_o what_o excessive_a expense_n he_o have_v be_v at_o in_o the_o conquest_n of_o england_n be_v resolve_v that_o the_o english_a shall_v repay_v he_o and_o therefore_o require_v a_o subsidy_n of_o seventy_o two_o thousand_o pound_n beside_o eleven_o thousand_o which_o the_o city_n of_o london_n contribute_v the_o same_o time_n meyric_n the_o son_n of_o arthfael_n a_o person_n of_o quality_n in_o wales_n rebel_v and_o raise_v aâ—_n army_n against_o prince_n lhewelyn_n who_o no_o soon_o appear_v in_o the_o field_n to_o quell_v this_o malcontented_n general_n but_o manful_o slay_v he_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o easy_o discomfit_v his_o follower_n the_o same_o time_n cnute_n sail_v over_o into_o denmark_n and_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o vandal_n who_o for_o all_o that_o they_o have_v a_o great_a army_n 〈◊〉_d the_o field_n be_v overcome_v by_o the_o imcomparable_a valour_n of_o earl_n godwyn_n for_o which_o famous_a action_n cnutâ—_n have_v the_o english_a in_o great_a esteem_n ever_o after_o a.d._n 1020_o but_o lhewelyn_n prince_n of_o wales_n though_o he_o have_v late_o quell_v the_o rebel_n head_v by_o meyric_n be_v now_o to_o encounter_v with_o another_o difficulty_n which_o seem_v to_o threaten_v great_a disturbance_n and_o trouble_n to_o he_o for_o a_o certain_a person_n of_o a_o mean_a quality_n in_o scotland_n come_v to_o south-wales_n assume_v the_o
draw_v together_o a_o great_a army_n consist_v partly_o of_o stranger_n and_o partly_o of_o such_o as_o they_o can_v raise_v in_o gwentland_n and_o glamorgan_n and_o march_v to_o fight_v with_o gruffydh_n the_o prince_n according_a to_o his_o usual_a manner_n detract_v no_o time_n but_o animate_v and_o solace_v his_o soldier_n with_o the_o remembrance_n of_o their_o former_a victory_n and_o conquest_n bid_v the_o enemy_n battle_n which_o prove_v so_o very_o bloody_a and_o terrible_a that_o nothing_o can_v part_v they_o beside_o the_o darkness_n of_o the_o night_n this_o battle_n so_o tire_v and_o tame_v both_o army_n that_o neither_o be_v very_o desirous_a of_o another_o engagement_n and_o so_o one_o be_v unwilling_a to_o set_v upon_o the_o other_o they_o both_o agree_v to_o return_v to_o their_o own_o habitation_n the_o same_o time_n joseph_n bishop_n of_o teilo_n or_o llandaf_n die_v at_o rome_n but_o both_o army_n be_v separate_v prince_n gruffydh_n enjoy_v a_o quiet_a and_o unmolested_a possession_n of_o all_o wales_n for_o about_o two_o year_n after_o which_o the_o gentry_n of_o ystrad_n towy_n treacherous_o slay_v 140_o of_o the_o choice_n of_o his_o army_n which_o he_o take_v in_o so_o high_a a_o indignation_n that_o to_o revenge_v their_o death_n he_o destroy_v all_o dyfed_a and_o ystrad_n towy_a about_o the_o same_o time_n lothen_n and_o hyrl_a two_o danish_a pirate_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o dane_n land_v at_o sandwich_n and_o have_v plunder_v the_o town_n return_v again_o to_o their_o ship_n and_o sail_v for_o holland_n where_o they_o sell_v the_o booty_n they_o have_v take_v and_o then_o return_v to_o their_o own_o country_n short_o afterward_o earl_n swain_n come_v out_o of_o denmark_n with_o eight_o ship_n and_o return_v to_o england_n and_o come_v to_o his_o father_n house_n at_o pevenese_n humble_o request_v of_o he_o and_o his_o brother_n harold_n and_o tostie_n to_o endeavour_v his_o reconciliation_n with_o the_o king_n earl_n beorn_v too_o promise_v to_o intercede_v for_o he_o and_o go_v to_o swayn_n fleet_n to_o sail_v to_o sandwich_n where_o the_o king_n then_o lay_v he_o be_v by_o the_o way_n most_o treacherous_o and_o ungrateful_o murder_v and_o his_o body_n cast_v upon_o the_o shore_n which_o lie_v there_o expose_v till_o his_o friend_n heat_n of_o the_o fact_n come_v and_o carry_v it_o to_o winchester_n and_o bury_v it_o by_o the_o body_n of_o king_n cnute_n â—eorned_v his_o uncle_n swain_n have_v commit_v this_o most_o testable_a murder_n put_v himself_o again_o under_o the_o proâ—â—ction_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n not_o dare_v to_o show_v 〈◊〉_d face_n in_o england_n till_o his_o father_n by_o earnest_a mediâ—â—on_n wrought_v his_o peace_n with_o the_o king_n this_o year_n conan_n the_o son_n of_o jago_n raise_v again_o a_o â—â—my_n of_o his_o friend_n in_o ireland_n and_o sail_v towards_o â—ales_n purpose_v to_o recover_v his_o inheritance_n in_o 〈◊〉_d country_n but_o when_o he_o be_v come_v near_o the_o â—â—lch_a coast_n there_o sudden_o arise_v such_o a_o violent_a â—â—â—rm_n that_o his_o fleet_n be_v present_o scatter_v and_o â—â—st_n of_o his_o ship_n drown_v which_o render_v this_o expedition_n ineffectual_a about_o the_o same_o time_n robert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n impeach_v earl_n godwyn_n and_o his_o 〈◊〉_d swain_n and_o harold_n of_o treason_n and_o the_o queen_n 〈◊〉_d adultery_n and_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o non-appearance_a when_o cite_v before_o the_o peer_n at_o gloucester_n 〈◊〉_d queen_n be_v divorce_v and_o godwyn_n and_o his_o son_n â—â—nished_v who_o with_o his_o son_n swain_n flee_v to_o flanders_n 〈◊〉_d harold_n to_o ireland_n but_o these_o unlucky_a clashing_n use_v the_o many_o trouble_n that_o ensue_v thereupon_o happen_v upon_o this_o occasion_n eustace_n earl_n of_o bologne_n beâ—â—â—_n marry_v to_o goda_n the_o king_n sister_n come_v over_o this_o â—aâ—_n to_o england_n to_o pay_v king_n edward_n a_o visit_n and_o in_o 〈◊〉_d return_n to_o canterbury_n one_o of_o his_o retinue_n forcible_o â—â—manding_v a_o lodging_n provoke_v the_o master_n of_o the_o â—â—use_n so_o far_o as_o by_o chance_n or_o anger_n to_o kill_v he_o euâ—â—â—e_v upon_o this_o affront_n return_v back_o to_o the_o king_n and_o 〈◊〉_d the_o insinuâ—tions_n of_o the_o archbishop_n make_v a_o loud_a complaint_n against_o the_o kentish-man_n to_o repress_v who_o violence_n earl_n godwyn_n be_v command_v to_o raise_v forâ—â—â—_n which_o he_o refuse_v to_o do_v for_o the_o kindness_n he_o bear_v 〈◊〉_d his_o countryman_n of_o kent_n the_o king_n summon_v a_o parliament_n at_o gloucester_n and_o command_v godwyn_n to_o â—â—pear_v there_o but_o he_o mistrust_v either_o his_o own_o â—use_n or_o the_o malice_n of_o his_o adversary_n gather_v a_o powerful_a army_n out_o of_o his_o own_o and_o his_o son_n earldom_n and_o march_v towards_o gloucester_n give_v out_o â—â—â—t_v their_o force_n be_v to_o go_v against_o the_o welsh_a who_o â—â—â—ended_v to_o invade_v the_o marsh_n but_o king_n edwardâ—â—â—ng_v â—â—â—ng_z satisfy_v by_o the_o welsh_a that_o they_o have_v no_o such_o design_n in_o hand_n command_v godwyn_n to_o dismiss_v his_o aâ—my_n and_o to_o appear_v himself_o to_o answer_v to_o the_o article_n exhibit_v against_o he_o godwyn_n refuse_v to_o obey_v the_o kiâ—â—_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o earl_n leofrick_n summon_v a_o assembly_n at_o london_n whither_o a_o great_a number_n of_o force_n arrive_v from_o mercia_n which_o godwyn_n perceive_v and_o wiâ—â—al_a find_v himself_o unable_a to_o withstand_v the_o king_n â—_o proceed_n private_o retire_v with_o his_o son_n out_o 〈◊〉_d the_o kingdom_n and_o flee_v into_o flanders_n whereupon_o the_o king_n issue_v out_o a_o edict_n proclaim_v godwâ—â—_n and_o his_o son_n outlaw_n and_o then_o confiscate_a thâ—â—â—_n estate_n bestow_v they_o upon_o other_o of_o his_o nobiliâ—â—_n and_o to_o pursue_v his_o displeasure_n the_o far_o he_o divorce_v his_o queen_n edith_n earl_n godwyn_n daughter_n aâ—â—_n commit_v she_o to_o a_o cloister_n where_o in_o a_o mean_a condition_n she_o spend_v some_o part_n of_o her_o life_n in_o the_o distribution_n of_o the_o forfeit_a estate_n adonan_n obtain_v 〈◊〉_d earldom_n of_o devon_n and_o dorset_n and_o algar_n the_o sâ—â—_n of_o leofrick_n that_o of_o harold_n but_o godwyn_n can_v 〈◊〉_d patient_o behold_v his_o estate_n bestow_v upon_o another_o and_o therefore_o have_v hire_v some_o man_n and_o ship_n 〈◊〉_d flanders_n he_o sail_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n where_o aâ—â—â—â—_n that_o he_o have_v make_v a_o sufficient_a havoc_n he_o put_v in_o 〈◊〉_d portland_n which_o he_o treat_v after_o the_o same_o manâ—â—â—_n the_o same_o time_n harold_n have_v sail_v from_o ireland_n 〈◊〉_d length_n meet_v with_o his_o father_n and_o then_o with_o their_o unâ—â—â—â—_n navy_n they_o burn_v preveneseny_n romney_n heath_n fâ—â—â—ston_n dover_n and_o sandwich_n and_o enter_v the_o thâ—â—â—â—_n they_o destroy_v cheppey_n and_o burn_v the_o king_n hoâ—â—_n at_o middletown_n then_o they_o sail_v up_o the_o river_n â—â—wards_v london_n where_o the_o king_n army_n be_v reaâ—â—_n to_o oppose_v they_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n be_v by_o the_o meâ—_n of_o bishop_n stigand_n agree_v upon_o which_o prove_v so_o â—â—fectual_a of_o godwyn_n side_n that_o the_o king_n receive_v 〈◊〉_d again_o to_o his_o favour_n restore_v he_o and_o son_n to_o all_o thâ—_n estate_n re-called_n the_o queen_n and_o banish_v the_o archbishop_n with_o all_o the_o frenchman_n who_o have_v be_v promoter_n of_o that_o unhappy_a suspicion_n the_o king_n have_v entertain_v of_o they_o about_o this_o time_n rhys_n brother_n to_o gruffydh_n prâ—â—â—â—_n of_o wales_n who_o by_o several_a eruption_n upon_o the_o bordeâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d considerable_o gaul_v and_o damage_v the_o english_a â—â—s_o take_v and_o put_v to_o death_n at_o bulendun_v who_o â—â—â—d_v be_v cut_v off_o be_v present_v to_o the_o king_n than_o gloucester_n but_o he_o receive_v better_a news_n some_o time_n 〈◊〉_d from_o the_o north_n for_o siward_n earl_n of_o northumberâ—â—â—d_n have_v send_v his_o son_n against_o macbeth_n king_n of_o â—â—gland_n vanquish_v the_o scot_n though_o not_o without_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o his_o son_n and_o many_o other_o both_o english_a and_o â—â—nes_n but_o siward_n be_v not_o cast_v down_o at_o his_o son_n be_v â—â—â—th_o but_o inquire_v whether_o he_o receive_v his_o death_n â—â—nd_n before_o or_o behind_o and_o be_v assure_v that_o it_o 〈◊〉_d before_o reply_v he_o be_v very_o glad_a of_o it_o for_o he_o use_v not_o wish_v his_o son_n to_o die_v otherwise_o after_o this_o story_n king_n edward_n march_v in_o person_n to_o scotland_n and_o have_v again_o overcome_v macbeth_n in_o battle_n make_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o scotland_n tributary_n the_o crown_n of_o england_n the_o next_o year_n earl_n â—â—â—â—yn_v sit_v with_o the_o king_n at_o table_n sink_v down_o use_v of_o a_o sudden_a be_v choke_v as_o it_o be_v think_v in_o â—â—llowing_v a_o morsel_n of_o bread_n who_o earldom_n the_o â—â—ng_v bestow_v upon_o his_o
son_n harold_n and_o his_o upon_o â—â—gar_a earl_n of_o chester_n to_o this_o time_n be_v refer_v the_o original_a of_o the_o â—_z in_o scotland_n which_o be_v a_o remarkable_a passage_n 〈◊〉_d in_o a_o great_a measure_n dependent_a upon_o the_o affair_n 〈◊〉_d the_o welsh_a be_v requisite_a to_o be_v here_o record_v macbeth_z king_n of_o scotland_n have_v cause_v bancho_fw-la a_o noble-â—â—n_a of_o that_o kingdom_n to_o be_v inhuman_o murder_v â—ence_n bancho_n son_n to_o avoid_v the_o like_a cruelty_n to_o â—â—â—self_n flee_v to_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi lhewelyn_n prince_n of_o wales_n â—o_o take_v a_o very_a great_a like_n to_o his_o person_n and_o â—â—thal_o commiserate_v his_o condition_n show_v he_o all_o â—â—e_z respect_n and_o kindness_n possible_a but_o fleance_n have_v 〈◊〉_d continue_v long_o with_o gruffydh_n when_o he_o fall_v enamour_v upon_o the_o prince_n daughter_n and_o have_v obâ—â—â—ed_v her_o goodwill_n without_o any_o regard_n have_v to_o â—â—r_a father_n civility_n towards_o he_o abuse_v she_o so_o far_a 〈◊〉_d to_o beget_v she_o with_o child_n gruffydh_n be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n so_o heinous_o reâ—â—â—ted_v the_o affront_n that_o he_o occasion_v fleance_n to_o be_v â—â—â—in_o and_o treat_v his_o daughter_n most_o servile_o for_o prostrate_v her_o chastity_n especial_o to_o a_o strangâ—â—_n however_o she_o be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n deliver_v of_o a_o sâ—â—_n who_o name_n be_v christen_v walter_n a_o child_n wâ—â—_n in_o his_o youth_n express_v very_o great_a hope_n and_o in_o 〈◊〉_d probability_n like_a to_o make_v a_o very_a considerable_a mâ—â—_n which_o happen_v according_a to_o expectation_n but_o 〈◊〉_d first_o original_a of_o his_o future_a greatness_n happen_v upâ—â—_n a_o very_a accidental_a occasion_n be_v reproach_v of_o 〈◊〉_d stardism_n by_o one_o of_o his_o fellow_n companion_n he_o 〈◊〉_d it_o in_o so_o unpardonable_a a_o dudgeon_n that_o nothing_o 〈◊〉_d satisfy_v his_o revenge_n but_o the_o life_n of_o the_o aggreâ—â—â—â—_n be_v upon_o this_o mischance_n afraid_a to_o undergo_v the_o â—â—nishment_n of_o the_o law_n he_o think_v it_o safe_a to_o fly_v 〈◊〉_d scotland_n where_o fall_v in_o company_n with_o ceâ—â—â—â—â—_n english_a man_n who_o be_v come_v thither_o with_o quâ—â—â—_n margaret_n sister_n to_o edgar_n edeling_n he_o behave_v himâ—â—â—â—_n so_o sober_o and_o discreet_o that_o he_o win_v the_o favour_n 〈◊〉_d good_a character_n of_o all_o that_o know_v he_o but_o his_o 〈◊〉_d daily_o increase_v he_o grow_v at_o length_n to_o that_o height_n 〈◊〉_d reputation_n as_o to_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o most_o inwâ—â—â—_n affair_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o at_o last_o be_v maâ—â—_n lord_n steward_n of_o scotland_n from_o which_o office_n 〈◊〉_d posterity_n retain_v the_o surname_n of_o steward_n the_o kiâ—â—_n of_o scotland_n of_o that_o name_n with_o several_a other_o fâ—â—lies_n of_o quality_n in_o that_o kingdom_n be_v descend_v 〈◊〉_d he_o but_o to_o return_v to_o england_n siward_n the_o worthy_a 〈◊〉_d of_o northumberland_n die_v about_o this_o time_n of_o the_o blooâ—_n flux_n a_o man_n of_o a_o rough_a demeanour_n and_o a_o mâ—â—â—_n soldierly_a temper_n as_o he_o plain_o manifest_v at_o 〈◊〉_d point_n of_o death_n for_o bewail_v his_o misfortune_n 〈◊〉_d have_v escape_v so_o many_o dangerous_a engagement_n 〈◊〉_d withal_o disdain_v to_o die_v so_o effeminate_o in_o bed_n 〈◊〉_d cause_v himself_o to_o be_v complete_o arm_v and_o aâ—â—â—_n 〈◊〉_d be_v in_o defiance_n of_o death_n present_o expire_v in_o martial_a bravery_n but_o his_o son_n be_v too_o young_a 〈◊〉_d king_n bestow_v his_o earldom_n upon_o tosty_o the_o son_n 〈◊〉_d earl_n godwyn_n a.d._n 1054_o wales_n have_v be_v now_o a_o long_a time_n quiet_a and_o 〈◊〉_d of_o all_o trouble_n both_o abroad_o and_o at_o home_n but_o it_o coâ—â—â—_n not_o be_v expect_v that_o such_o a_o life_n shall_v prove_v duâ—â—bâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d but_o something_o or_o other_o will_v create_v new_a comâ—â—tions_n and_o disturbance_n gruffydh_fw-mi son_n to_o rytherch_v ap_fw-mi â—â—yn_v have_v recruit_v and_o recover_v himself_o after_o the_o 〈◊〉_d blow_v he_o receive_v from_o prince_n gruffydh_n must_v needs_o â—â—â—ture_v another_o trial_n for_o the_o principality_n of_o south-wales_n 〈◊〉_d prince_n protract_v no_o time_n speedy_o march_v aâ—â—â—_n he_o and_o both_o army_n be_v join_v gruffydh_n 〈◊〉_d ryâ—herch_n be_v easy_o vanquish_v and_o in_o fine_a slain_z 〈◊〉_d the_o trouble_n of_o the_o welsh_a do_v not_o end_v with_o he_o 〈◊〉_d algâ—â—_n earl_n of_o chester_n be_v convict_v of_o treason_n 〈◊〉_d thereupon_o banish_v the_o kingdom_n flee_v to_o gruffydh_n 〈◊〉_d of_o wales_n request_v his_o aid_n against_o king_n â—â—â—ard_n who_o repeat_v the_o frequent_a wrong_n he_o have_v 〈◊〉_d at_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o english_a by_o uphold_v 〈◊〉_d enemy_n against_o he_o glad_o embrace_v the_o opportunity_n and_o promise_v he_o all_o imaginable_a support_n use_v thereupon_o assemble_v his_o force_n he_o enter_v with_o 〈◊〉_d into_o hereford_n shire_n and_o advance_v into_o the_o â—â—â—â—try_n within_o two_o mile_n of_o the_o city_n of_o hereford_n 〈◊〉_d be_v oppose_v by_o randulph_n earl_n of_o that_o counâ—â—â—_n 〈◊〉_d bold_o give_v they_o battle_n the_o fight_n conâ—â—â—â—â—â—_n very_o dreadful_a and_o dubious_a for_o some_o hour_n till_o 〈◊〉_d gruffydh_n so_o encourage_v his_o soldier_n with_o the_o â—â—â—â—mbrance_n of_o their_o former_a victory_n over_o the_o 〈◊〉_d that_o they_o fall_v on_o a_o main_a and_o easy_o disâ—â—â—â—red_v randulph_n and_o slay_v the_o best_a part_n of_o his_o army_n â—â—terwards_o they_o pursue_v their_o chase_n to_o the_o town_n 〈◊〉_d have_v make_v all_o the_o waste_n and_o havoc_n they_o be_v â—â—â—e_a they_o lay_v the_o town_n itself_o in_o ash_n and_o so_o reâ—â—â—ned_v home_o triumphant_o lade_v with_o rich_a booty_n 〈◊〉_d plunder_n king_n edward_n receive_v notice_n of_o this_o 〈◊〉_d present_o gather_v a_o great_a army_n at_o glocesterâ—â—der_n â—â—der_z the_o conduct_n of_o harold_n earl_n godwyn_n son_n â—o_o courageous_o pursue_v the_o enemy_n enter_v into_o â—ales_n and_o encamp_v beyond_o stradelwyd_n but_o gruâ—â—dh_n and_o algar_n dread_v to_o oppose_v he_o retire_a furâ—â—â—r_n into_o south_n wales_n of_o which_o harold_n be_v certify_v 〈◊〉_d one_o part_n of_o his_o army_n behind_o with_o order_n to_o â—â—ght_n if_o occasion_n offer_v and_o with_o the_o other_o pass_v 〈◊〉_d hereford_n which_o he_o fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a wall_n â—â—â—â—nd_v the_o town_n gruffydh_n perceive_v his_o undaunted_a industry_n after_o many_o message_n conclude_v a_o peâ—â—â—_n with_o harold_n at_o a_o place_n call_v biligelhag_a by_o wâ—â—â—â—_n article_n algar_n be_v pardon_v by_o the_o king_n and_o â—â—stored_v to_o his_o earldom_n of_o chester_n but_o he_o do_v 〈◊〉_d continue_v long_o in_o the_o king_n favour_n for_o about_o 〈◊〉_d year_n after_o upon_o conviction_n of_o treason_n he_o be_v â—gain_o banish_v the_o land_n so_o that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o 〈◊〉_d take_v himself_o to_o his_o old_a friend_n gruffydh_n prince_n 〈◊〉_d wales_n by_o who_o aid_n and_o a_o fleet_n from_o norway_n 〈◊〉_d spite_n of_o the_o king_n he_o be_v restore_v to_o his_o earldom_n but_o king_n edward_n be_v sore_o offend_v with_o the_o priâ—â—â—_n of_o wales_n for_o harbour_v traitor_n and_o therefore_o 〈◊〉_d be_v revenge_v upon_o he_o he_o dispatch_v harold_n 〈◊〉_d with_o a_o army_n to_o north-wales_n who_o come_v 〈◊〉_d ruthlan_n burn_v the_o prince_n palace_n there_o and_o his_o 〈◊〉_d that_o lie_v in_o the_o harbour_n and_o then_o return_v to_o 〈◊〉_d king_n at_o gloucester_n this_o year_n edward_n the_o son_n of_o edmund_n ironside_n 〈◊〉_d be_v send_v for_o out_o of_o hungary_n be_v design_v succession_n the_o crown_n come_v to_o england_n but_o in_o a_o short_a time_n 〈◊〉_d his_o come_n die_v at_o london_n leave_v behind_o he_o 〈◊〉_d son_n call_v edgar_n edeling_o and_o a_o daughter_n naâ—â—â—_n margaret_n who_o be_v afterward_o queen_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d and_o mother_n to_o maud_n the_o wife_n of_o henry_n the_o fâ—â—â—â—_n a.d._n 1056_o about_o two_o year_n after_o roderic_n son_n to_o harold_n king_n of_o denmark_n come_v with_o a_o considerable_a army_n 〈◊〉_d wales_n and_o be_v kind_o receive_v by_o prince_n gruffâ—â—â—_n unite_v his_o power_n with_o the_o welsh_a and_o so_o enter_v 〈◊〉_d england_n which_o they_o cruel_o harass_v and_o destroyâ—â—_n but_o before_o they_o can_v advance_v any_o considerable_a â—â—stance_n roderic_n be_v compel_v to_o sail_n for_o denmark_n and_o so_o gruffydh_n return_v lade_v with_o spoil_n 〈◊〉_d wales_n the_o same_o time_n harold_n earl_n godwyn_n 〈◊〉_d sail_v to_o flanders_n be_v drive_v by_o force_n of_o weaâ—â—â—_n to_o land_n at_o poytiers_n where_o be_v seize_v upon_o 〈◊〉_d be_v bring_v before_o william_n bastard_n duke_n of_o nâ—â—mandy_n to_o who_o he_o declare_v the_o reason_n of_o his_o vâ—â—age_n that_o it_o be_v purposely_o to_o tender_v he_o his_o serâ—â—â—â—_n in_o the_o affair_n of_o england_n and_o so_o take_v a_o oath_n 〈◊〉_d to_o marry_v the_o duke_n daughter_n and_o after_o the_o
death_n 〈◊〉_d edward_n to_o secure_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n for_o hâ—_n 〈◊〉_d be_v honourable_o dismiss_v upon_o his_o return_n to_o england_n by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o caradoc_n the_o son_n of_o â—ruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rytherch_n himself_o with_o his_o brother_n tosty_o â—iled_v a_o great_a army_n and_o enter_v into_o south-wales_n â—hich_v they_o destroy_v after_o that_o manner_n that_o the_o welsh_a be_v glad_a to_o deliver_v up_o hostage_n for_o the_o â—ayment_n of_o the_o ancient_a tribute_n which_o afore-time_o â—hey_n be_v use_v to_o pay_v gruffydh_n hear_v of_o the_o inâ—lencies_n of_o the_o english_a in_o south_n wales_n make_v all_o posâ—â—ble_a haste_n and_o preparation_n to_o oppose_v they_o but_o all_o 〈◊〉_d no_o purpose_n harold_n have_v already_o treacherous_o â—â—ed_v some_o of_o gruffydh_n near_a friend_n to_o murder_n 〈◊〉_d who_o watch_v their_o opportunity_n execute_v their_o â—icked_a design_n and_o bring_v his_o head_n to_o harold_n gruffydh_n be_v 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friend_n bestow_v upon_o he_o he_o leave_v issue_n â—ut_v â—â—e_v daughter_n call_v nest_n abuse_v first_o by_o fleaâ—ceâ—on_n â—on_z of_o bâ—ncho_n and_o afterward_o marry_v to_o trahaern_a â—p_n caradoc_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n blethyn_n and_o rywalhon_n after_o the_o deplorable_a murder_n of_o prince_n gruffyâ—â—_n meredith_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n who_o accord_v to_o some_o be_v son_n to_o howel_n dha_n do_v take_v 〈◊〉_d on_o he_o as_o it_o be_v say_v the_o government_n of_o south-wales_a and_o blethyn_n and_o rywalhon_n the_o son_n of_o confyn_n hâ—â—_n brother_n to_o gruffydh_n as_o descend_v from_o augboâ—_n daughter_n to_o meredith_n sometime_o prince_n of_o walâ—â—_n enter_v upon_o the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n câ—â—â—â—_n the_o son_n jago_n ap_fw-mi edwal_n the_o right_a heir_n to_o that_o croâ—â—_n be_v then_o with_o his_o father-in-law_n in_o ireland_n tâ—â—_n partition_n of_o wales_n fall_v much_o short_a of_o the_o expectation_n of_o caradoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rytherch_n who_o bâ—ing_v the_o chief_a promoter_n of_o harold_n make_v a_o â—â—pedition_n against_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi lhewolyn_n make_v no_o qâ—stion_n to_o attain_v to_o the_o government_n of_o south-wales_n â—â—case_n gruffydh_n get_v the_o worse_a but_o it_o happen_v otherwise_o harold_n be_v sensible_a of_o caradoc_n subtlety_n aâ—â—_n knavery_n and_o doubt_v whether_o if_o he_o be_v maâ—â—_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n he_o can_v obtain_v a_o certain_a lode-ship_n nigh_o hereford_n which_o he_o have_v a_o long_a mindâ—_n make_v a_o composition_n with_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n for_o 〈◊〉_d say_v lordship_n and_o create_v he_o prince_n of_o south-wales_a and_o on_o the_o contrary_a banish_a caradoc_n out_o of_o 〈◊〉_d country_n harold_n have_v obtain_v his_o request_n buâ—_n a_o very_a magnificent_a house_n at_o a_o place_n call_v portasâ—â—_n in_o monmouth-shire_n and_o store_v it_o with_o great_a quantity_n of_o provision_n 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off_o the_o hand_n and_o leg_n of_o some_o the_o arm_n and_o head_n of_o other_o and_o throw_v they_o into_o the_o butt_n of_o wine_n and_o other_o liquor_n which_o be_v put_v in_o for_o the_o king_n be_v drink_v and_o at_o his_o departure_n charge_v the_o servant_n to_o acquaint_v he_o that_o of_o other_o fresh_a meat_n he_o may_v carry_v with_o he_o what_o he_o please_v but_o for_o â—ince_n he_o shall_v find_v plenty_n provide_v ready_a for_o he_o for_o which_o barbarous_a offence_n the_o king_n pronounce_v a_o sentence_n of_o perpetual_a banishment_n upon_o he_o but_o saradoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi give_v a_o finish_v stroke_n to_o harold_n house_n and_o the_o king_n entertainment_n at_o portascyth_n for_o come_v thither_o short_o after_o tosty_n departure_n to_o be_v revenge_v upon_o harold_n he_o kill_v all_o the_o workman_n and_o labourer_n with_o all_o the_o servant_n he_o can_v find_v and_o utter_o deface_v the_o building_n carry_v away_o all_o the_o costly_a material_n 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first_o monarch_n 171_o year_n edward_n be_v dead_a the_o next_o debate_n be_v about_o a_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n edgar_n edeling_n be_v set_v up_o by_o some_o as_o lawful_a heir_n to_o the_o crown_n which_o harold_n as_o be_v a_o person_n of_o great_a power_n and_o authority_n in_o the_o kingdom_n much_o wealthy_a and_o better_o befriend_v present_o thwart_v and_o bring_v matter_n so_o cunning_o about_o that_o himself_o be_v choose_v king_n without_o any_o regard_n observe_v to_o the_o oath_n and_o promise_n he_o have_v former_o make_v to_o william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n duke_n william_n upon_o notice_n of_o harold_n advancement_n how_o that_o he_o have_v accept_v of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n contrary_a to_o the_o article_n between_o they_o convene_v together_o his_o noble_n and_o lay_v before_o they_o the_o several_a wrong_n and_o affront_v be_v have_v receive_v at_o the_o hand_n of_o harold_n as_o the_o death_n of_o his_o cousin_n alfred_n the_o banishment_n of_o 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promise_n then_o he_o declare_v to_o they_o the_o pretence_n he_o have_v to_o claim_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n that_o edward_n have_v give_v he_o former_o a_o absolute_a promise_n in_o normandy_n that_o if_o ever_o he_o enjoy_v the_o english_a crown_n william_n shall_v be_v his_o heir_n which_o title_n though_o in_o itself_o weak_a and_o insignificant_a serve_v william_n purpose_n well_o enough_o to_o make_v a_o expedition_n against_o a_o intruder_n duke_n william_n pretence_n seem_v plausible_a enough_o to_o the_o norman_a nobility_n but_o the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o undertake_n and_o the_o danger_n of_o this_o expedition_n be_v something_o perplexive_a and_o make_v they_o less_o inclinable_a to_o encourage_v so_o precipitous_a a_o undertake_n which_o they_o the_o more_o dislike_v upon_o the_o persuasion_n of_o william_n fitzosbert_n the_o duke_n sewer_n who_o they_o pitch_v upon_o to_o deliver_v their_o thought_n as_o to_o the_o expedition_n unto_o the_o duke_n but_o he_o 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in_o his_o absence_n whereupon_o richard_n fitzscrope_n governor_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o hereford_n with_o the_o force_n under_o his_o command_n so_o bitter_o gaul_v he_o by_o waste_v and_o consume_v his_o land_n and_o carry_v off_o the_o good_n of_o his_o tenant_n that_o he_o be_v compel_v to_o desire_v aid_n of_o blethyn_n and_o rywalhon_n prince_n of_o wales_n by_o who_o help_n to_o recompense_v the_o loss_n he_o have_v receive_v he_o pass_v into_o hereford_n and_o after_o that_o he_o have_v overrun_v and_o pillage_v the_o country_n to_o wyebridge_n return_v back_o with_o exceed_v great_a booty_n but_o no_o soon_o be_v blethyn_n and_o rywalhon_n arrive_v in_o north-wales_n but_o they_o receive_v news_n of_o a_o rebellion_n raise_v against_o they_o by_o meredith_n and_o ithel_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi lhewelyn_n who_o have_v draw_v together_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o man_n upon_o pretence_n of_o recover_v the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n which_o they_o say_v be_v fraudulent_o detain_v from_o they_o blethyn_n and_o rywalhon_n do_v not_o delay_v to_o march_v to_o find_v the_o enemy_n and_o meet_v with_o they_o at_o a_o place_n call_v mechain_n without_o any_o far_a ceremony_n set_v upon_o the_o rebel_n who_o behave_v themselves_o so_o gallant_o that_o after_o a_o fight_n of_o several_a hour_n they_o want_v nothing_o but_o number_n to_o complete_a the_o victory_n there_o fall_v in_o this_o battle_n on_o the_o one_o side_n prince_n rywalhon_n and_o on_o the_o other_o ithel_n who_o be_v slay_v meredith_n be_v force_v to_o give_v ground_n and_o endeavour_v to_o save_v himself_o by_o flight_n which_o can_v not_o secure_v he_o he_o be_v narrow_o pursue_v by_o blethyn_n that_o in_o fine_a he_o be_v glad_a to_o escape_v to_o the_o mountain_n where_o for_o want_v of_o victual_n and_o other_o necessary_n he_o quick_o perish_v leave_v blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n sole_a prince_n of_o north-wales_n and_o powis_n during_o these_o welsh_a
great_a penalty_n to_o receive_v he_o but_o that_o they_o shall_v account_v he_o a_o open_a enemy_n to_o their_o country_n and_o endeavour_v all_o they_o can_v to_o secure_v he_o and_o to_o bring_v he_o prisoner_n before_o he_o when_o madawc_n understand_v this_o how_o that_o his_o person_n be_v in_o continual_a danger_n whilst_o he_o remain_v there_o have_v draw_v to_o he_o all_o the_o outlaw_n and_o villain_n in_o the_o country_n he_o keep_v in_o the_o rock_n and_o mountain_n devise_v all_o the_o way_n and_o mean_v he_o can_v to_o be_v revenge_v upon_o jorwerth_n and_o so_o make_v a_o private_a league_n and_o agreement_n with_o lhywarch_n ap_fw-mi trahaern_n who_o for_o a_o long_a time_n have_v be_v a_o mortal_a enemy_n of_o jorwerth_n these_o two_o associate_n have_v intelligence_n that_o jorwerth_n lie_v one_o night_n at_o caereineon_n gather_v all_o their_o strength_n and_o come_v and_o encompass_v the_o house_n at_o midnight_n which_o when_o iorwerth_n servant_n perceive_v they_o arise_v and_o defend_v the_o house_n with_o all_o the_o may_v they_o can_v but_o the_o assailant_n at_o last_o put_v the_o house_n on_o fire_n they_o be_v glad_a as_o many_o as_o can_v to_o escape_v through_o the_o flame_n the_o great_a part_n be_v force_v to_o yield_v either_o to_o the_o enemy_n sword_n or_o the_o more_o conquer_a fire_n jorwerth_n see_v no_o remedy_n but_o that_o he_o must_v undergo_v the_o same_o fate_n as_o his_o man_n have_v do_v choose_v rather_o to_o die_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o his_o enemy_n with_o his_o sword_n in_o his_o hand_n than_o to_o commit_v his_o life_n to_o the_o cowardly_a flame_n and_o therefore_o rush_v out_o with_o great_a violence_n he_o be_v receive_v upon_o the_o point_n of_o the_o enemy_n spear_n and_o so_o be_v toss_v into_o the_o fire_n he_o miserable_o perish_v by_o a_o double_a death_n as_o soon_o as_o king_n henry_n hear_v of_o his_o death_n he_o send_v for_o cadwgan_n to_o he_o and_o give_v he_o all_o his_o brother_n estate_n be_v powys-land_n and_o promise_v his_o son_n owen_n his_o pardon_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v demean_v himself_o quiet_o and_o loyal_o hereafter_o will_v he_o to_o send_v for_o he_o back_o from_o ireland_n king_n henry_n also_o about_o this_o time_n marry_v his_o natural_a son_n robert_n to_o mabil_n daughter_n and_o sole_a heir_n to_o robert_n fiz-hamon_n lord_n of_o glamorgan_n in_o who_o right_a this_o robert_n become_v lord_n of_o glamorgan_n be_v before_o by_o the_o king_n create_v e._n of_o gloucester_n by_o who_o the_o castle_n of_o cardaf_n be_v build_v but_o madawc_n find_v the_o matter_n nothing_o mend_v and_o that_o his_o other_o uncle_n cadwgan_n who_o lie_v under_o the_o same_o obligation_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n rule_v the_o country_n hide_v himself_o in_o the_o most_o private_a and_o inaccessible_a place_n watch_v only_o a_o opportunity_n to_o commit_v the_o like_a fact_n upon_o cadwgan_n and_o to_o murder_v he_o by_o one_o treacherous_a way_n or_o another_o and_o this_o he_o effect_v in_o a_o little_a time_n for_o cadwgan_n have_v reduce_v the_o country_n to_o some_o sort_n of_o settlement_n and_o quietness_n and_o restore_v the_o court_n of_o judicature_n where_o he_o sit_v in_o person_n to_o administer_v justice_n come_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o elder_n of_o the_o country_n to_o trallwng_v now_o pool_n and_o have_v begin_v to_o build_v a_o castle_n he_o think_v to_o make_v that_o the_o constant_a seat_n of_o his_o habitation_n madawc_n understand_v his_o design_n lay_v in_o ambush_n for_o he_o in_o his_o way_n to_o trallwng_v and_o as_o cadwgan_n unconcerned_o pass_v by_o without_o the_o least_o suscition_n of_o treachery_n he_o sudden_o set_v upon_o he_o and_o slay_v he_o without_o allow_v he_o any_o time_n either_o to_o fight_v or_o escape_v then_o he_o send_v present_o a_o message_n to_o shrewsbury_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n the_o king_n lieutenant_n in_o the_o march_n to_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o his_o former_a promise_n to_o he_o when_o he_o chase_v owen_n out_o of_o the_o country_n because_o that_o the_o bishop_n bear_v a_o inveterate_a enmity_n to_o cadwgan_n and_o his_o son_n owen_n grant_v madawc_n such_o land_n as_o his_o brother_n ithel_n be_v possess_v of_o but_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n be_v inform_v of_o the_o death_n of_o both_o his_o brother_n go_v in_o all_o haste_n to_o the_o king_n desire_v of_o he_o the_o land_n of_o jorwerth_n in_o powy_n which_o he_o have_v late_o grant_v to_o cadwgan_n which_o the_o king_n grant_v he_o till_o such_o time_n as_o owen_n shall_v return_v from_o ireland_n owen_n do_v not_o stay_v long_o before_o he_o come_v over_o and_o then_o go_v to_o king_n henry_n he_o be_v honourable_o receive_v and_o have_v all_o his_o father_n estate_n restore_v to_o he_o whereupon_o in_o gratitude_n of_o this_o signal_n favour_n he_o voluntary_o promise_v to_o pay_v the_o king_n a_o considerable_a fine_a for_o the_o due_a payment_n of_o which_o he_o give_v very_o responsible_a pledge_n madawc_n find_v himself_o alone_a to_o be_v leave_v in_o the_o lurch_n and_o that_o he_o have_v no_o seem_a power_n to_o bear_v head_n against_o the_o king_n think_v it_o also_o his_o wise_a way_n to_o make_v what_o reconciliation_n he_o can_v and_o therefore_o he_o offer_v the_o king_n a_o very_a great_a fine_a if_o he_o shall_v peaceable_o enjoy_v his_o former_a estate_n promise_v withal_o never_o to_o molest_v or_o disturb_v any_o one_o that_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n king_n henry_n willing_a to_o bring_v all_o matter_n to_o a_o settle_a condition_n ready_o grant_v his_o request_n and_o confer_v upon_o he_o all_o he_o can_v reasonable_o ask_v for_o only_o with_o this_o proviso_n that_o upon_o his_o peril_n he_o shall_v provide_v for_o the_o relation_n of_o they_o who_o he_o have_v so_o base_o murder_v a.d._n 1109_o and_o thus_o all_o matter_n be_v bring_v to_o a_o peaceable_a conclusion_n in_o wales_n the_o next_o year_n robert_n de_fw-fr belesmo_n who_o have_v be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a instrument_n of_o these_o welsh_a disturbance_n in_o that_o great_a rebellion_n which_o himself_o with_o roger_n de_fw-fr montgomery_n earl_n of_o salop_n and_o his_o brother_n arnulph_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n have_v raise_v against_o the_o king_n be_v take_v prisoner_n by_o king_n henry_n in_o normandy_n and_o commit_v to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n in_o warham-castle_n the_o year_n follow_v meredith_n a.d._n 1110_o ap_fw-mi blethyn_n detach_v a_o considerable_a party_n of_o his_o man_n to_o make_v incursion_n into_o the_o country_n of_o lhywarch_n ap_fw-mi trahaern_n ap_fw-mi gwyn_n who_o be_v a_o inveterate_a enemy_n of_o himself_o and_o owen_n by_o reason_n that_o by_o his_o aid_n and_o instigation_n madawc_n be_v encourage_v to_o kill_v his_o uncle_n jorwerth_n and_o cadwgan_n these_o man_n as_o they_o pass_v through_o madawc_n country_n meet_v a_o person_n in_o the_o nighttime_n who_o belong_v to_o madawc_n who_o be_v ask_v where_o his_o master_n be_v after_o some_o pretence_n of_o ignorance_n at_o last_o through_o fear_n confess_v that_o he_o be_v not_o far_o from_o that_o place_n therefore_o lie_v quiet_o there_o all_o night_n by_o break_n of_o day_n they_o arise_v to_o look_v out_o their_o game_n and_o unexpected_o surpize_v madawc_n they_o fly_v a_o great_a number_n of_o his_o man_n and_o take_v himself_o prisoner_n and_o so_o carry_v he_o to_o their_o lord_n they_o deliver_v he_o up_o as_o the_o great_a honour_n of_o their_o expedition_n meredith_n be_v not_o a_o little_a proud_a of_o his_o prisoner_n and_o therefore_o to_o ingratiate_v himself_o the_o more_o with_o his_o nephew_n owen_n he_o commit_v he_o to_o safe_a custody_n till_o he_o be_v send_v for_o who_o come_v thither_o straight_o meredith_n deliver_v madawc_n up_o to_o he_o owen_n though_o he_o have_v the_o great_a reason_n for_o the_o most_o cruel_a revenge_n by_o reason_n that_o both_o his_o father_n and_o uncle_n be_v base_o murder_v by_o this_o madawc_n will_v not_o put_v he_o to_o death_n remember_v the_o intimate_a friendship_n and_o oath_n that_o have_v pass_v betwixt_o they_o but_o however_o to_o secure_v he_o from_o any_o future_a mischief_n he_o may_v practice_v he_o pull_v out_o his_o eye_n and_o then_o set_v he_o at_o liberty_n but_o lest_o he_o shall_v be_v capable_a of_o any_o revenge_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o estate_n and_o strength_n in_o the_o country_n meredith_n and_o owen_n think_v fit_a to_o divide_v his_o land_n betwixt_o they_o which_o be_v caernarvon_n aberhiw_n with_o the_o three_o part_n of_o deuthwfyr_n these_o home-bread_n disturbance_n be_v pretty_a well_o abate_v a_o great_a storm_n arise_v from_o abroad_o for_o the_o a.d._n 1111_o next_o year_n king_n henry_n prepare_v a_o mighty_a army_n to_o enter_v into_o wales_n be_v provoke_v thereto_o by_o the_o request_n
as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lay_v oppose_v send_v he_o to_o the_o king_n officer_n to_o be_v imprison_v at_o winchester_n from_o whence_o he_o quick_o find_v a_o way_n to_o escape_v and_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o brethren_n he_o return_v home_o to_o his_o country_n king_n henry_n continue_v all_o this_o while_n in_o normandy_n and_o during_o his_o stay_n there_o a_o match_n be_v conclude_v upon_o betwixt_o his_o son_n henry_n and_o margaret_n daughter_n to_o lewis_n king_n of_o france_n but_o this_o new_a alliance_n can_v not_o prevent_v these_o two_o monarch_n from_o a.d._n 1160_o fall_v at_o variance_n with_o each_o other_o which_o happen_v the_o year_n follow_v and_o thereupon_o king_n henry_n march_v with_o his_o army_n to_o gascoigne_n to_o quell_v certain_a rebel_n who_o upon_o first_o notice_n of_o this_o breach_n between_o both_o king_n be_v up_o in_o arm_n against_o the_o english_a but_o the_o next_o year_n a_o peace_n be_v again_o conclude_v and_o so_o all_o thing_n return_v to_o their_o former_a state_n of_o a.d._n 1161_o amity_n and_o quietness_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o in_o wales_n for_o howel_n the_o son_n of_o jevaf_n ap_fw-mi cadwgan_n ap_fw-mi athlestlan_n glodryth_n have_v get_v to_o his_o hand_n the_o castle_n of_o walwern_n in_o cyfeilioc_n raze_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n which_o so_o incense_v prince_n owen_n who_o be_v owner_n of_o it_o that_o nothing_o can_v lay_v his_o fury_n till_o he_o have_v draw_v his_o force_n together_o and_o make_v a_o incursion_n into_o lhandhinam_n in_o arust_o howel_n country_n which_o he_o cruel_o harrass_v and_o carry_v away_o considerable_a booty_n the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n perceive_v these_o devastation_n of_o the_o north-wales_n man_n come_v together_o to_o the_o number_n of_o 300_o man_n offer_v their_o service_n to_o their_o natural_a lord_n howel_n ap_fw-mi jefaf_fw-mi who_o upon_o this_o addition_n of_o strength_n follow_v the_o enemy_n to_o the_o bank_n of_o severn_n where_o they_o be_v encamp_v prince_n owen_n find_v they_o to_o march_v after_o he_o be_v glad_a of_o the_o opportunity_n to_o be_v further_o revenge_v upon_o howel_n and_o so_o turn_v sudden_o upon_o they_o he_o slay_v about_o two_o hundred_o man_n the_o rest_n narrow_o escape_v with_o howel_n to_o the_o wood_n and_o rock_n owen_n be_v more_o joyful_a for_o the_o revenge_n he_o have_v take_v of_o howel_n than_o for_o any_o victory_n he_o have_v gain_v rebuilt_a walwern_n castle_n and_o have_v well_o fortify_v and_o man_v it_o return_v home_o to_o north-wales_n a.d._n 1162_o the_o year_n follow_v the_o like_a thing_n happen_v owen_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi meredith_n common_o call_v owen_n cyfeilioc_n o_o wynedh_n together_o with_o owen_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n and_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi howel_n set_v upon_o carrechofa_n castle_n near_o oswestry_n and_o have_v overpower_a the_o garrison_n commit_v great_a waste_n and_o destruction_n therein_o but_o about_o the_o same_o time_n a_o pleasant_a passage_n happen_v in_o england_n robert_n mountford_n and_o henry_n de_fw-fr essex_n who_o have_v both_o fight_v against_o the_o welsh_a upon_o the_o march_n and_o both_o run_v begin_v now_o to_o impeach_v each_o other_o as_o be_v the_o first_o occasion_n of_o fly_v the_o dispute_n be_v to_o be_v try_v by_o combat_n in_o which_o be_v engage_v henry_n be_v overcome_v and_o for_o his_o false_a accuse_v of_o robert_n he_o be_v sentence_v to_o have_v his_o estate_n forfeit_v and_o then_o have_v his_o crown_n shear_v he_o be_v enter_v a_o monk_n at_o redding_n within_o a_o little_a after_o king_n henry_n calling_z to_o mind_n what_o prince_n rhys_n have_v commit_v during_o his_o absence_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n draw_v up_o a_o great_a army_n against_o south-wales_n and_o have_v march_v as_o far_o as_o pencadyr_n near_o brecknock_n rhys_n meet_v he_o and_o do_v his_o homage_n and_o have_v deliver_v up_o hostage_n for_o his_o future_a behaviour_n stop_v the_o king_n far_a progress_n so_o that_o thence_o he_o return_v to_o england_n but_o after_o the_o king_n departure_n two_o very_a unlucky_a accident_n happen_v in_o wales_n eineon_n the_o son_n of_o anarawd_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi nephew_n to_o prince_n rhys_n be_v villainous_o murder_v in_o his_o bed_n by_o his_o own_o servant_n called_z walter_z ap_fw-mi lhywarch_n as_o also_o cadwgan_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n in_o like_a manner_n by_o one_o walter_z ap_fw-mi riccart_n but_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o nephew_n prince_n rhys_n make_v up_o by_o possess_v himself_o of_o that_o large_a country_n call_v cantref_o maâ—r_a and_o the_o land_n of_o dynefowr_n which_o he_o afterward_o enjoy_v of_o man_n of_o learning_n there_o die_v this_o year_n cadifor_n ap_fw-mi daniel_n archdeacon_n of_o cardigan_n and_o henry_n ap_fw-mi arthen_n the_o great_a scholar_n that_o have_v flourish_v in_o wales_n for_o many_o year_n the_o next_o year_n a_o total_a rupture_n break_v forth_o betwixt_o a.d._n 1163_o the_o english_a and_o welsh_a prince_n rhys_n a_o man_n of_o a_o active_a and_o uncontrollable_a spirit_n be_v now_o experimental_o sensible_a he_o can_v never_o carry_v on_o the_o greatness_n and_o grandeur_n of_o his_o quality_n with_o such_o land_n as_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v allot_v he_o make_v a_o invasion_n into_o the_o lordship_n of_o roger_n de_fw-fr acre_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n be_v move_v thereto_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n by_o reason_n that_o his_o nephew_n anarawd_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi be_v murder_v by_o his_o motive_n and_o instigation_n be_v advance_v with_o a_o strong_a army_n into_o the_o earl_n of_o glocester_n estate_n without_o any_o great_a opposition_n he_o take_v aberheidol_n castle_n with_o those_o belong_v to_o the_o son_n of_o wyhyaon_n all_o which_o he_o raze_v to_o the_o ground_n thence_o he_o march_v to_o cardigan_n bring_v all_o that_o country_n under_o his_o subjection_n and_o from_o thence_o he_o march_v against_o the_o fleming_n who_o country_n he_o cruel_o harass_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o wales_n perceive_v prince_n rhys_n to_o prosper_v so_o successful_o against_o the_o english_a think_v they_o may_v equal_o succeed_v and_o shake_v off_o the_o english_a yoke_n which_o so_o unreasonable_o oppress_v they_o and_o therefore_o they_o unanimous_o agree_v to_o cast_v off_o their_o subjection_n to_o the_o english_a who_o tyranny_n they_o can_v no_o long_o bear_v and_o to_o put_v over_o they_o prince_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n who_o superiority_n they_o can_v better_o tolerate_v and_o so_o this_o year_n conclude_v with_o make_v suitable_a preparation_n for_o the_o follow_a campaign_n a.d._n 1164_o and_o therefore_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o time_n of_o year_n for_o action_n be_v advance_v david_n son_n of_o owen_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n fall_v upon_o flintshire_n which_o pertain_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o carry_v off_o all_o the_o people_n and_o cattle_n with_o he_o bring_v they_o to_o dyffryn_n clwyd_n otherwise_o ruthyn_n land_n king_n henry_n understand_v this_o gather_v together_o his_o force_n and_o with_o all_o speed_n march_v to_o defend_v both_o his_o subject_n and_o town_n from_o the_o incursion_n and_o depredation_n of_o the_o welsh_a be_v come_v to_o ruthlan_n and_o encamp_v there_o three_o day_n he_o quick_o perceive_v he_o can_v do_v no_o great_a matter_n by_o reason_n that_o his_o army_n be_v not_o sufficient_o numerous_a and_o therefore_o he_o think_v it_o more_o advisable_a to_o return_v back_o to_o england_n and_o to_o augment_v his_o force_n before_o he_o shall_v attempt_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o welsh_a and_o according_o he_o levy_v the_o most_o choose_a man_n throughout_o all_o his_o dominion_n of_o england_n normandy_n anjou_n gascoin_n and_o gwien_n beside_o those_o succour_n from_o flanders_n and_o britain_n and_o then_o set_v forward_o for_o north-wales_n purpose_v to_o destroy_v without_o mercy_n every_o live_a thing_n he_o can_v possible_o meet_v with_o and_o be_v advance_v as_o far_o as_o croes-oswalt_n call_v oswestry_n he_o encamp_v there_o on_o the_o other_o side_n prince_z owen_z and_o his_o brother_n cadwallader_n with_o all_o the_o strength_n of_o north-wales_n prince_n rhys_n with_o those_o of_o south-wales_n owen_n cyfeilioc_n and_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n with_o all_o the_o power_n of_o powy_n the_o two_o son_n of_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi ednerth_n with_o the_o people_n live_v betwixt_o the_o river_n of_o severn_n and_o wye_n meet_v together_o and_o pitch_v their_o camp_n at_o corwen_n in_o edeyrneon_n intend_v unanimous_o to_o defend_v their_o country_n against_o the_o king_n of_o england_n king_n henry_n understanding_n that_o they_o be_v so_o near_o be_v very_o desirous_a to_o come_v to_o battle_n and_o to_o that_o end_n he_o remove_v to_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n ceireoc_n cause_v all_o the_o wood_n thereabouts_o to_o be_v cut_v down_o for_o fear_v of_o
so_o the_o english_a retire_v over_o the_o river_n matthew_z paris_z writes_z that_o the_o earl_n obtain_v a_o very_a signal_n victory_n and_o that_o of_o the_o welsh_a there_o be_v nine_o thousand_o slay_v and_o take_v though_o the_o welsh_a account_n which_o in_o this_o case_n be_v in_o all_o likelihood_n the_o best_a make_v the_o whole_a army_n of_o the_o welsh_a to_o consist_v but_o of_o that_o number_n but_o both_o army_n have_v lie_v for_o certain_a day_n in_o that_o posture_n and_o the_o river_n tywy_n be_v betwixt_o they_o gruffydh_n by_o reason_n that_o provision_n begin_v to_o grow_v scarce_o in_o his_o camp_n return_v back_o and_o then_o the_o earl_n decamp_v and_o march_v to_o cilgerran_n where_o he_o begin_v to_o build_v a_o very_a strong_a castle_n but_o before_o he_o can_v have_v time_n to_o finish_v it_o he_o receive_v a_o express_a from_o the_o king_n with_o order_n to_o come_v to_o he_o and_o so_o he_o go_v by_o sea_n to_o london_n leave_v his_o army_n at_o cilgerran_n to_o continue_v the_o work_n which_o he_o have_v begin_v short_o after_o the_o king_n together_o with_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n come_v to_o ludlow_n and_o send_v for_o prince_n lhewelyn_n thither_o they_o have_v good_a hope_n to_o adjust_a all_o difference_n and_o to_o make_v a_o amicable_a composition_n betwixt_o he_o and_o the_o earl_n but_o when_o this_o can_v not_o be_v effect_v both_o party_n stick_v close_o to_o their_o private_a interest_n the_o earl_n be_v assist_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o derby_n and_z henry_n pyggot_n lord_n of_o ewyas_n design_v to_o pass_v by_o land_n to_o pembrock_n but_o his_o purpose_n be_v discover_v to_o the_o prince_n he_o detach_v his_o son_n to_o secure_v the_o passage_n of_o carnwylhion_n and_o come_v in_o person_n to_o mabedryd_n which_o when_o the_o earl_n understand_v find_v it_o dangerous_a to_o prosecute_v his_o design_n any_o further_a he_o return_v to_o england_n and_o then_o the_o prince_n march_v to_o north-wales_n the_o next_o action_n that_o pass_v in_o wales_n a.d._n 1227_o be_v somewhat_o rare_a and_o not_o redound_v much_o to_o the_o credit_n and_o esteem_v of_o the_o welsh_a for_o rhys_n fychan_n have_v by_o some_o sinistrous_a mean_n or_o other_o take_v his_o father_n rhys_n gryc_a contrary_a to_o all_o filial_a affection_n and_o duty_n detain_v he_o prisoner_n and_o will_v not_o set_v he_o at_o liberty_n till_o he_o have_v deliver_v up_o lhanymdhyfri_n castle_n to_o he_o about_o the_o same_o time_n meredith_n archdeacon_n of_o cardigan_n prince_n rhy_n son_n depart_v this_o life_n and_o be_v honourable_o inter_v at_o s._n david_n by_o his_o father_n but_o a_o while_n after_o a_o great_a storm_n threaten_v the_o a.d._n 1228_o welch_n king_n henry_n have_v raise_v a_o great_a army_n be_v resolve_v to_o make_v a_o violent_a prosecution_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o pembrock_n quarrel_n against_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o if_o possible_a to_o make_v all_o that_o country_n for_o ever_o subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o so_o be_v advance_v into_o the_o march_n he_o encamp_v at_o ceri_fw-la prince_n lhewelyn_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v inform_v of_o these_o mighty_a preparation_n in_o england_n and_o understanding_n that_o they_o be_v intend_v against_o he_o do_v use_v all_o the_o endeavour_n possible_a to_o make_v a_o vigorous_a resistance_n and_o have_v draw_v together_o all_o the_o force_n he_o be_v able_a to_o levy_v think_v it_o his_o wise_a way_n to_o meet_v the_o english_a upon_o the_o march_n and_o not_o to_o permit_v the_o enemy_n to_o enter_v his_o country_n both_o army_n be_v come_v in_o sight_n of_o each_o other_o frequent_a skirmish_n happen_v betwixt_o they_o but_o one_o day_n almost_o the_o whole_a army_n engage_v and_o after_o a_o vigorous_a attack_z of_o both_o side_n the_o english_a at_o last_o get_v the_o worst_a and_o be_v force_v to_o retire_v have_v a_o great_a many_o man_n slay_v and_o take_v prisoner_n among_o the_o latter_a be_v william_n bruce_n reynald_n son_n who_o offer_v for_o his_o ransom_n all_o buelht_n together_o with_o a_o considerable_a sum_n of_o money_n which_o the_o prince_n will_v not_o accept_v of_o but_o king_n henry_n find_v that_o his_o army_n be_v worsted_n in_o this_o rencounter_n think_v it_o best_a to_o make_v peace_n with_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n which_o be_v conclude_v lhewelyn_n come_v to_o the_o king_n and_o have_v pay_v he_o all_o other_o respect_n beside_o that_o of_o submission_n and_o allegiance_n he_o return_v in_o great_a honour_n to_o north-wales_n but_o this_o action_n be_v somewhat_o otherwise_o lay_v down_o by_o matthew_n paris_n who_o write_v that_o this_o skirmish_n betwixt_o the_o english_a and_o welsh_a happen_v upon_o a_o other_o account_n for_o the_o garrison_n of_o montgomery_n issue_v out_o of_o the_o castle_n to_o enlarge_v a_o certain_a passage_n lead_v through_o a_o wood_n where_o the_o welsh_a be_v wont_a to_o rob_v and_o kill_v all_o passenger_n begin_v to_o fell_v the_o timber_n and_o cut_v down_o all_o the_o bush_n which_o lessen_v the_o road_n thereby_o to_o make_v the_o passage_n more_o clear_a and_o secure_a the_o welsh_a receive_v intelligence_n of_o this_o come_v present_o upon_o he_o in_o great_a number_n and_o surprise_v the_o enemy_n be_v busy_a at_o their_o labour_n force_v as_o many_o as_o can_v escape_v to_o betake_v themselves_o for_o refuge_n into_o the_o castle_n which_o afterward_o have_v first_o cast_v a_o deep_a trench_n about_o it_o they_o smart_o invest_v hâ—bert_n de_fw-fr burgh_n lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o england_n and_o owner_n of_o the_o castle_n have_v notice_n of_o this_o send_v present_o to_o king_n henry_n desire_v his_o speedy_a help_n against_o the_o welsh_a who_o thereupon_o come_v in_o person_n with_o part_n of_o his_o army_n and_o raise_v the_o siege_n then_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o force_n be_v arrive_v he_o march_v into_o the_o wood_n which_o be_v five_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o growth_n impassable_a and_o for_o a_o easy_a passage_n through_o it_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v burn_v down_o after_o that_o he_o lead_v his_o army_n far_o into_o the_o country_n and_o come_v to_o a_o abbey_n call_v cridia_n which_o the_o welsh_a be_v wont_a to_o take_v for_o refuge_n he_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v burn_v down_o but_o find_v it_o a_o very_a convenient_a place_n for_o a_o fortress_n he_o grant_v leave_v to_o hubert_n de_fw-fr burgh_n to_o build_v a_o castle_n there_o but_o whilst_o the_o work_n be_v go_v on_o the_o welshman_n gaul_v the_o english_a and_o skirmish_v with_o they_o frequent_o so_o that_o many_o be_v slay_v on_o both_o side_n but_o at_o last_o william_n bruce_n with_o many_o other_o that_o go_v abroad_o to_o fetch_v provision_n be_v intercept_v by_o the_o welsh_a and_o take_v prisoner_n and_o most_o of_o his_o company_n be_v slay_v among_o who_o one_o who_o be_v knight_v a_o few_o day_n before_o see_v some_o of_o his_o fellow_n in_o great_a danger_n rush_v bold_o into_o the_o midst_n of_o his_o enemy_n and_o after_o a_o manful_a defence_n brave_o lose_v his_o life_n several_a of_o king_n henry_n man_n be_v corrupt_v by_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n take_v no_o great_a pain_n to_o repulse_v the_o enemy_n which_o when_o the_o king_n perceive_v and_o find_v withal_o the_o provision_n be_v grow_v very_o scarce_o in_o his_o camp_n he_o be_v force_v to_o conclude_v a_o dishonourable_a peace_n with_o the_o welsh_a consent_v to_o demolish_v that_o castle_n which_o with_o so_o great_a a_o expense_n both_o of_o man_n and_o money_n be_v now_o almost_o finish_v upon_o his_o own_o charge_n prince_n lhewelyn_n pay_v only_o three_o thousand_o pound_n towards_o it_o then_o both_o army_n separate_v prince_n lhewelyn_n march_v to_o north-wales_n and_o the_o king_n leave_v william_n bruce_n prisoner_n with_o the_o welsh_a return_v to_o england_n have_v purchase_v no_o small_a discredit_v in_o this_o expedition_n william_n bruce_n be_v bring_v to_o wales_n and_o there_o have_v a.d._n 1230_o a_o honourable_a confinement_n in_o the_o prince_n his_o palace_n but_o he_o have_v not_o continue_v there_o very_o long_o when_o he_o begin_v to_o be_v suspect_v of_o be_v too_o familiar_a with_o the_o princess_n king_n henry_n sister_n and_o as_o the_o report_n go_v be_v takeâ—_n in_o the_o very_a act_n of_o adultery_n for_o which_o the_o prince_n cause_v he_o to_o be_v hang_v forthwith_o about_o the_o same_o time_n lhewelyn_n maelgon_n son_n die_v in_o north-wales_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o conwey_n and_o maelgon_n prince_n rhys_n his_o son_n in_o south-wales_n and_o be_v bury_v in_o ystratflur_n who_o estate_n descend_v to_o his_o son_n maelgon_n and_o a_o little_a after_o william_n martial_n earl_n of_o pembrock_n a.d._n 1231_o dye_v one_o that_o ever_o entertain_v a_o
inveterate_a enmity_n to_o the_o welsh_a and_o upon_o who_o account_n king_n henry_n have_v chief_o bring_v his_o army_n into_o wales_n he_o be_v succeed_v both_o in_o his_o title_n and_o estate_n by_o his_o brother_n richard_n who_o be_v much_o more_o favourable_o incline_v towards_o the_o welsh_a and_o never_o attempt_v any_o thing_n against_o they_o but_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v resolve_v to_o retrieve_v the_o honour_n he_o have_v lose_v in_o the_o late_a expedition_n against_o the_o welsh_a and_o therefore_o be_v return_v from_o france_n whither_o he_o have_v make_v a_o descent_n to_o recover_v what_o his_o father_n have_v lose_v in_o that_o kingdom_n he_o come_v to_o wales_n and_o have_v remain_v some_o time_n in_o the_o march_n he_o return_v again_o to_o england_n leave_v his_o army_n under_o the_o command_n of_o hubert_n burgh_n earl_n of_o kent_n to_o defend_v the_o march_n against_o any_o inroad_n which_o the_o welsh_a may_v attempt_v and_o he_o have_v not_o remain_v there_o long_o when_o he_o receive_v intelligence_n that_o a_o party_n of_o welch_n have_v enter_v the_o march_n near_o montgomery_n who_o he_o forthwith_o pursue_v and_o set_v upon_o they_o surprize_o he_o put_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o to_o the_o sword_n prince_n lhewylyn_n hear_v this_o come_v in_o person_n with_o a_o great_a army_n to_o the_o march_n and_o fit_v before_o montgomery_n castle_n he_o force_v hubert_n to_o withdraw_v and_o then_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o place_n he_o burn_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o put_v the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n the_o like_a fate_n attend_v the_o castle_n of_o radnor_n aberhondhy_n rhayadr_n gwy_n caerlheon_n neth_n and_o cydwe_o though_o caerlheon_n hold_v out_o very_o stubborn_o and_o the_o prince_n have_v several_a of_o his_o man_n destroy_v before_o the_o place_n king_n henry_n be_v inform_v of_o what_o miserable_a desolation_n the_o prince_n of_o wales_n so_o successful_o commit_v upon_o his_o subject_n in_o these_o country_n have_v he_o present_o excommunicate_v and_o then_o come_v to_o hereford_n with_o a_o mighty_a army_n he_o detach_v the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o his_o nobility_n to_o wales_n these_o by_o the_o direction_n of_o a_o friar_n of_o cymer_n unexpected_o as_o they_o think_v fall_v upon_o a_o party_n of_o welsh_a who_o at_o the_o first_o encounter_n seem_v to_o fly_v till_o they_o have_v allure_v the_o english_a to_o pursue_v they_o to_o a_o place_n where_o a_o great_a party_n of_o welch_n lie_v in_o ambuscade_n who_o rush_v of_o a_o sudden_a upon_o the_o english_a put_v they_o in_o such_o a_o confusion_n that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o be_v cut_v off_o the_o king_n be_v sensible_a that_o this_o be_v a_o treacherous_a insinuation_n of_o the_o friar_n be_v resolve_v to_o be_v revenge_v by_o burn_v the_o abbey_n of_o cymer_n but_o the_o prior_n for_o three_o hundred_o mark_n prevent_v it_o and_o so_o the_o king_n return_v to_o england_n have_v effect_v nothing_o in_o this_o expedition_n beside_o the_o build_n of_o maud_n castle_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n maelgon_n son_n of_o maelgon_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n lay_v siege_n to_o aberteifi_n and_o have_v by_o force_n get_v entry_n into_o the_o town_n he_o put_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o the_o sword_n then_o destroy_v all_o before_o he_o to_o the_o castle_n gate_n which_o be_v so_o strong_o fortify_v that_o it_o seem_v almost_o impracticable_a to_o take_v it_o in_o any_o short_a time_n but_o maelgon_n be_v join_v by_o his_o cousin_n owen_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhy_n son_n be_v resolve_v to_o try_v the_o utmost_a that_o can_v be_v effect_v and_o therefore_o take_v with_o he_o some_o of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n most_o experience_a officer_n â—e_z break_v down_o the_o bridge_n upon_o the_o river_n teifi_n and_o â—hen_o invest_v the_o castle_n more_o close_o he_o so_o batter_a â—nd_n undermine_v it_o that_o he_o become_v in_o a_o little_a time_n master_n of_o it_o the_o year_n follow_v prince_n lhewelyn_n make_v a_o descent_n a.d._n 1232_o upon_o england_n and_o have_v commit_v very_o considerable_a waste_n and_o destruction_n upon_o the_o border_n he_o return_v to_o north-wales_n with_o a_o rich_a booty_n both_o of_o man_n and_o cattle_n king_n henry_n to_o correct_v the_o welsh_a for_o these_o grievous_a devastation_n and_o to_o prevent_v their_o further_a incursion_n into_o england_n demand_v a_o very_a great_a subsidy_n of_o his_o subject_n to_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n against_o the_o welsh_a which_o be_v grant_v he_o he_o make_v all_o possible_a preparation_n for_o his_o expedition_n to_o wales_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n randulph_n earl_n of_o chester_n die_v and_o be_v succeed_v in_o that_o honour_n by_o john_n his_o sister_n son_n who_o be_v afterward_o marry_v to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n daughter_n but_o the_o english_a in_o wales_n be_v in_o expectation_n of_o king_n henry_n come_n thither_o begin_v to_o repair_v and_o fortify_v their_o castle_n and_o particular_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n rebuilt_a radnor_n castle_n a.d._n 1233_o which_o the_o prince_n have_v late_o destroy_v prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v sufficient_o sensible_a that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n intend_v a_o invasion_n and_o therefore_o to_o be_v beforehand_o with_o he_o he_o come_v with_o a_o army_n to_o brecknock_n destroy_v all_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n throughout_o the_o country_n except_v brecknock_n castle_n which_o hold_v out_o so_o manful_o that_o after_o a_o month_n sit_v before_o it_o he_o be_v at_o last_o constrain_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n in_o his_o return_n to_o north-wales_n he_o burn_v the_o town_n of_o clûn_n recoverâ—â—_n all_o that_o country_n call_v dyffryn_n tefeidiat_a in_o the_o possession_n of_o john_n fitz-alan_n destroy_v red_a castle_n in_o powy_n and_o burn_v oswestry_n but_o what_o happen_v very_o fortunate_o to_o the_o welsh_a richard_n marshal_v earl_n of_o pembroke_n be_v fall_v at_o variance_n with_o king_n henry_n take_v part_n with_o prince_n lhewelyn_n with_o who_o join_v hubert_n de_fw-fr burgh_n who_o have_v late_o make_v his_o escape_n out_o of_o the_o castle_n of_o devizes_n where_o the_o king_n upon_o some_o article_n of_o information_n bring_v against_o he_o have_v commit_v he_o to_o prison_n but_o the_o earl_n of_o pembrock_n attend_v by_o owen_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n come_v to_o s._n david_n and_o be_v very_o glad_a of_o a_o opportunity_n to_o revenge_v himself_o upon_o the_o king_n slay_v every_o one_o thaâ—_n own_v any_o dependence_n upon_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n maelgon_n and_o rhys_n gryc_a with_o all_o the_o force_n of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n quick_o join_v the_o earl_n who_o in_o their_o march_n through_o the_o country_n take_v the_o castle_n of_o caâ—dyff_fw-mi abergevenny_n pencelhy_n blaenlhefyni_n and_o bwlch_n y_fw-fr ddinas_fw-la which_o all_o except_v cardyff_fw-mi they_o burn_v to_o the_o ground_n the_o king_n receive_v intelligence_n that_o the_o earl_n of_o pembrock_n have_v enter_v into_o a_o confederacy_n with_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o that_o he_o be_v now_o iâ—_n open_a hostility_n against_o his_o subject_n in_o that_o country_n gather_v a_o very_a formidable_a army_n consist_v beside_o english_a of_o fleming_n norman_n and_o gascoign_n and_o come_v to_o wales_n he_o encamp_v at_o grosmont_n where_o the_o earl_n with_o the_o welsh_a army_n meet_v he_o but_o when_o the_o english_a will_v have_v endeavour_v to_o advance_v further_o into_o the_o country_n the_o welsh_a oppose_v they_o and_o so_o a_o battle_n ensue_v wherein_o the_o english_a lose_v five_o hundred_o horse_n beside_o a_o far_o great_a number_n of_o their_o infantry_n the_o welsh_a have_v gain_v a_o considerable_a victory_n in_o this_o action_n the_o king_n be_v advise_v to_o withdraw_v his_o force_n for_o fear_v lest_o that_o the_o welsh_a shall_v again_o set_v upon_o they_o and_o so_o sustain_v a_o great_a loss_n which_o counsel_n the_o king_n willing_o hearken_v unto_o and_o so_o he_o return_v for_o england_n the_o english_a be_v withdraw_v the_o earl_n likewise_o decamp_v and_o march_v to_o caermardhyn_n which_o he_o besiege_v but_o after_o three_o month_n in_o vain_a assault_n the_o garrison_n most_o brave_o defend_v the_o place_n and_o the_o english_a fleet_n have_v throw_v in_o new_a provision_n he_o think_v it_o most_o adviseable_a to_o raise_v the_o siege_n short_o after_o rhys_n gryc_a son_n to_o prince_n rhys_n die_v at_o lhandeilo_n fawr_n and_o be_v honourable_o inter_v by_o his_o father_n at_o s._n david_n about_o the_o same_o time_n maelgon_n fychan_n maelgon_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n his_o son_n finish_v trefilan_n castle_n which_o be_v begin_v in_o his_o father_n time_n a.d._n 1234_o king_n henry_n be_v not_o willing_a to_o hazard_v any_o more_o campaign_n in_o wales_n and_o therefore_o he_o appoint_v john_n of_o monmouth_n a_o great_a soldier_n and_o general_n of_o the_o english_a force_n
and_o ejection_n out_o of_o our_o estate_n the_o sense_n of_o oppression_n and_o tyrannical_a government_n have_v compel_v we_o to_o take_v up_o arm_n for_o the_o security_n of_o our_o life_n and_o fortune_n therefore_o as_o the_o english_a be_v not_o disposess_v of_o their_o estate_n for_o their_o offence_n against_o the_o king_n so_o we_o be_v willing_a to_o be_v punish_v or_o make_v other_o satisfaction_n for_o our_o crime_n without_o be_v disinherit_v and_o as_o to_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o peace_n it_o be_v notorious_a that_o they_o be_v the_o author_n who_o never_o regard_v either_o promise_n or_o covenant_n never_o make_v amends_o for_o trespass_n nor_o remedy_n for_o our_o complaint_n when_o the_o archbishop_n see_v there_o be_v no_o likelihood_n of_o a_o mediation_n and_o that_o a_o peace_n be_v impossible_a to_o be_v conclude_v as_o long_o as_o the_o welsh_a stick_v upon_o condition_n he_o present_o relinquish_v his_o pretend_a affection_n towards_o they_o and_o denounce_v a_o sentence_n of_o excommunication_n against_o the_o prince_n and_o all_o his_o adherent_n it_o be_v a_o subject_n of_o no_o little_a wonder_n that_o a_o person_n of_o so_o repute_v a_o sanctity_n who_o esteem_v the_o several_a grievance_n do_v to_o the_o welsh_a to_o be_v intolerable_a shall_v now_o condemn_v they_o for_o refusal_n of_o unlimited_a submission_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n whereas_o he_o have_v already_o own_v it_o to_o be_v unreasonable_a but_o this_o ecclesiastical_a censure_n be_v only_o a_o prologue_n to_o a_o more_o melancholy_a scene_n king_n edward_z immediate_o upon_o it_o send_v a_o army_n by_o sea_n to_o anglesey_n without_o any_o great_a opposition_n conquer_v the_o island_n and_o without_o any_o mercy_n put_v all_o that_o withstand_v he_o to_o the_o sword_n from_o thence_o design_v to_o pass_v over_o to_o the_o continent_n he_o cause_v a_o bridge_n of_o boat_n cover_v with_o plank_n to_o be_v build_v over_o the_o menay_n be_v a_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o part_v the_o isle_n from_o the_o main_a land_n at_o a_o place_n call_v moel_n y_o don_n not_o far_o from_o bangor_n where_o the_o water_n be_v narrow_a the_o bridge_n be_v finish_v which_o be_v so_o broad_a as_o that_o threescore_o man_n may_v pass_v in_o a_o breast_n william_n latimer_n with_o a_o strong_a party_n of_o the_o best_a experience_a soldier_n and_o sir_n lucas_n thany_n commander_n of_o the_o gascoign_n and_o spaniard_n whereof_o a_o great_a number_n serve_v the_o king_n pass_v over_o but_o can_v discover_v no_o sign_n or_o any_o the_o least_o intimation_n of_o a_o enemy_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o tide_n begin_v to_o appear_v and_o the_o sea_n have_v overflow_v beside_o the_o bridge_n down_o come_v the_o welsh_a fierce_o out_o of_o the_o mountain_n and_o set_v upon_o the_o dishearten_v english_a kill_v or_o drown_v their_o whole_a number_n except_v latimer_n who_o by_o the_o swim_n of_o his_o horse_n get_v safe_a to_o the_o bridge_n in_o this_o action_n several_a worthy_a soldier_n of_o the_o english_a side_n be_v lose_v among_o who_o be_v sir_n lucas_n thany_n robert_n clifford_n sir_n walter_z lyndsey_n two_o brother_n of_o robert_n burnel_n bishop_n of_o bath_n with_o many_o other_o in_o all_o to_o the_o number_n of_o thirteen_o knight_n seventeen_o young_a gentleman_n and_o two_o hundred_o common_a soldier_n a_o little_a after_o or_o as_o some_o say_v afore_o another_o engagement_n pass_v between_o the_o english_a and_o the_o welsh_a wherein_o the_o former_a lose_v fourteen_o colour_n the_o lord_n audley_n and_o clifford_n the_o young_a be_v slay_v and_o the_o king_n himself_o force_v to_o retreat_n for_o safety_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o hope_n and_o while_o these_o thing_n pass_v in_o north-wales_n the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o sir_n edmund_n mortimer_n act_v vigorous_o with_o their_o force_n in_o south-wales_n and_o fight_v the_o welsh_a at_o lhandeilo_n fawr_n overthrow_v they_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o no_o considerable_a person_n save_v william_n de_fw-fr valence_n the_o king_n be_v cousin-german_a and_o four_o knight_n beside_o prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v all_o this_o while_n in_o cardigan_n a_o waste_a and_o destroy_v all_o the_o country_n and_o principal_o the_o land_n of_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n who_o very_o unnatural_o hold_v with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o all_o these_o war_n but_o be_v at_o length_n tire_v with_o action_n with_o a_o few_o man_n private_o separate_v himself_o from_o his_o army_n and_o come_v to_o buelht_n think_v to_o ease_v and_o respite_n himself_o there_o undiscovered_a but_o come_v to_o the_o river_n wye_n he_o meet_v with_o edmund_n mortimer_n and_o john_n gifford_n with_o a_o considerable_a party_n of_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n which_o mortimer_n be_v lord_n of_o but_o neither_o party_n venture_v to_o assail_v the_o other_o prince_n lhewelyn_n with_o one_o only_a servant_n retire_v to_o a_o private_a grove_n in_o a_o neighbour_a valley_n there_o to_o consult_v with_o certain_a lord_n of_o the_o country_n who_o have_v appoint_v to_o meet_v he_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n mortimer_n descend_v from_o the_o hill_n with_o intention_n to_o fall_v upon_o lhewelyn_n man_n which_o they_o perceive_v betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o bridge_n call_v pont_n orewyn_n and_o manful_o defend_v the_o passage_n he_o be_v to_o cross_v mortimer_n can_v effect_v nothing_o against_o they_o till_o he_o have_v gain_v the_o bridge_n the_o river_n be_v unpassable_a and_o to_o force_v they_o to_o quit_v it_o seem_v altogether_o impracticable_a but_o at_o last_o the_o river_n be_v discover_v to_o be_v fordable_a a_o little_a below_o and_o so_o helias_n walwyn_n be_v detach_v with_o a_o party_n through_o the_o river_n who_o unexpected_o fall_v upon_o the_o back_n of_o the_o defendant_n easy_o force_v they_o to_o leave_v the_o bridge_n and_o save_v themselves_o by_o flight_n prince_n lhewelyn_n all_o this_o while_n in_o vain_a expect_v the_o lord_n of_o buelht_n and_o in_o fine_a continue_a to_o wait_v so_o long_o till_o mortimer_n have_v pass_v over_o the_o bridge_n surround_v the_o wood_n he_o be_v in_o with_o arm_a men._n the_o prince_n perceive_v himself_o to_o be_v betray_v think_v to_o make_v his_o escape_n to_o his_o man_n but_o the_o english_a so_o close_o pursue_v he_o that_o before_o he_o can_v come_v in_o one_o adam_n francton_n not_o know_v who_o he_o be_v run_v he_o through_o with_o his_o sword_n be_v unarm_v the_o welsh_a still_o expect_v the_o arrival_n of_o their_o prince_n and_o though_o but_o a_o few_o in_o number_n so_o gallant_o maintain_v their_o ground_n that_o in_o spite_n of_o the_o far_o great_a number_n of_o the_o english_a they_o be_v at_o length_n with_o much_o ado_n put_v to_o flight_n the_o battle_n be_v over_o francton_n return_v to_o plunder_v his_o dead_a but_o perceive_v he_o to_o be_v the_o prince_n of_o wales_n he_o think_v himself_o to_o have_v obtain_v a_o sufficient_a prize_n and_o thereupon_o present_o chop_v off_o his_o head_n and_o send_v it_o to_o king_n edward_n at_o conwey_n who_o very_o joyful_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v place_v upon_o the_o high_a pinnacle_n of_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n and_o thus_o fall_v this_o worthy_a prince_n the_o great_a though_o the_o last_o of_o the_o british_a blood_n betray_v most_o base_o by_o the_o lord_n of_o buelht_n and_o be_v dead_a most_o unworthy_o deal_v with_o by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n who_o contrary_a to_o all_o precedent_n treat_v a_o lawful_a prince_n like_o a_o traitor_n and_o expose_v his_o crown_a head_n to_o the_o derision_n of_o the_o multitude_n not_o long_o after_o david_n the_o prince_n brother_n be_v deliver_v up_o by_o the_o welch_n themselves_o and_o in_o a_o parliament_n for_o that_o purpose_n assemble_v at_o shrewsbury_n be_v condemn_v to_o die_v his_o head_n to_o be_v send_v to_o accompany_v his_o brother_n upon_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n and_o his_o four_o quarter_n to_o the_o four_o city_n of_o bristol_n northhampton_n york_n and_z winchester_z then_o the_o king_n for_o the_o easy_a keep_v the_o welsh_a in_o due_a subjection_n build_v two_o strong_a castle_n in_o north_n wales_n the_o one_o at_o conwey_n and_o the_o other_o at_o caernarvon_n there_o be_v none_o that_o now_o stand_v out_o beside_o rhys_n fychan_n of_o ystratywy_a and_o he_o find_v david_n be_v go_v and_o himself_o like_a to_o do_v nothing_o to_o purpose_n fair_o yield_v himself_o up_o to_o the_o earl_n of_o hereford_n who_o by_o the_o king_n order_n commit_v he_o prisoner_n to_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n and_o so_o all_o the_o country_n of_o wales_n become_v ever_o since_o subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n the_o prince_n of_o wales_n of_o english-blood_n prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o his_o brother_n david_n be_v so_o base_o take_v off_o and_o leave_v no_o body_n to_o lay_v any_o specious_a claim_n to_o the_o principality_n of_o
sir_n david_n secure_v he_o have_v like_v to_o undergo_v present_a execution_n have_v not_o glyndyfwr_n best_o friend_n and_o the_o great_a upholder_n of_o his_o cause_n plead_v in_o his_o behalf_n by_o who_o intercession_n he_o be_v prevail_v with_o to_o grant_v sir_n david_n both_o his_o life_n and_o liberty_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v ever_o after_o continue_v true_a and_o loyal_a to_o he_o sir_n david_n promise_v very_o loud_o but_o with_o the_o reservation_n never_o to_o perform_v for_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o come_v to_o his_o own_o country_n where_o he_o be_v a_o person_n of_o very_a considerable_a sway_n and_o interest_n he_o do_v exceed_o annoy_v and_o molest_v those_o that_o any_o way_n favour_v or_o adhere_v to_o glyndyfwr_n while_o sir_n david_n lay_v in_o prison_n at_o machynlleth_n for_o his_o attempt_n against_o owen_n life_n this_o englyn_n be_v make_v upon_o he_o dafydd_n gam_n dryglam_n dreigl_o iti_fw-la yn_fw-mi wan_a frwydr_n fradwr_n rissiart_n bhrenin_n llwyr_n y_fw-fr rhoes_fw-fr diawl_n haw_v hwyl_n flîn_fw-fr y_fw-fr faith_n ystâd_v ei_fw-la fys_fw-fr in_o the_o dîn._n but_o glyndyfwr_n receive_v information_n how_o that_o sir_n david_n gam_n contrary_a to_o the_o promise_v he_o have_v make_v at_o his_o releasement_n endeavour_v all_o he_o can_v to_o destroy_v his_o interest_n among_o the_o welsh_a enter_v the_o march_n and_o among_o other_o token_n of_o his_o indignation_n burn_v the_o house_n of_o sir_n david_n and_o as_o the_o report_n go_v call_v to_o he_o one_o of_o sir_n david_n tenant_n speak_v to_o he_o thus_o merry_o in_o verse_n o_o gweli_fw-it di_fw-it wr_fw-mi côch_fw-mi cam_n yn_n ymofyn_n y_fw-fr girnigwen_n dyw_v ei_fw-la bôd_a hi_o tan_o y_fw-mi lan_n a_o nôd_n y_fw-fr glow_n be_v ei_fw-la phenn_n but_o sir_n david_n have_v the_o luck_n to_o escape_v his_o reach_n and_o be_v constrain_v to_o retire_v to_o england_n where_o he_o live_v for_o the_o most_o part_n at_o court_n till_o the_o death_n of_o glyndyfwr_n when_o king_n henry_n the_o five_o go_v with_o a_o army_n to_o france_n against_o the_o french_a king_n sir_n david_n gam_n bring_v into_o his_o service_n a_o numerous_a party_n of_o stout_a and_o valorous_a welshman_n who_o upon_o all_o occasion_n express_v their_o courage_n and_o resolution_n in_o the_o battle_n of_o agincourt_n news_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o king_n that_o the_o french_a army_n be_v advance_v towards_o he_o and_o that_o they_o be_v exceed_o numerous_a he_o detach_v captain_n gam_n to_o observe_v their_o motion_n and_o review_v their_o number_n the_o captain_n have_v narrow_o eye_v the_o french_a find_v they_o twice_o to_o exceed_v the_o english_a but_o not_o be_v in_o the_o least_o daunt_v at_o such_o a_o multitude_n he_o return_v to_o the_o king_n who_o inquire_v of_o he_o what_o the_o number_n of_o the_o french_a may_v be_v he_o make_v answer_v an_o it_o please_v you_o my_o liege_n they_o be_v enough_o to_o be_v kill_v enough_o to_o run_v away_o and_o enough_o to_o be_v take_v prisoner_n king_n henry_n be_v well_o please_v and_o much_o encourage_v with_o this_o resolute_a and_o undaunted_a answer_n of_o sir_n david_n who_o tongue_n do_v not_o express_v more_o valour_n than_o his_o hind_n perform_v for_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o battle_n the_o king_n person_n be_v in_o danger_n sir_n david_n charge_v the_o enemy_n with_o that_o eagerness_n and_o masculine_a bravery_n that_o they_o be_v glad_a to_o give_v ground_n and_o so_o secure_v the_o king_n though_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o much_o blood_n and_o also_o his_o life_n himself_o and_o his_o son-in-law_n roger_n vaughan_n and_o his_o kinsman_n waâ—ter_n llwyd_n of_o brecknock_n have_v receive_v their_o mortal_a wound_n in_o that_o encounter_n when_o the_o king_n hear_v of_o their_o condition_n how_o that_o they_o be_v past_o all_o hope_n of_o recovery_n he_o come_v to_o they_o and_o in_o recompense_n of_o their_o good_a service_n knight_v they_o all_o three_o in_o the_o field_n where_o they_o soon_o after_o die_v and_o so_o end_v the_o life_n but_o not_o the_o fame_n of_o the_o signal_o valiant_a sir_n david_n gam_n edward_n of_o westminster_n the_o sole_a issue_n of_o that_o unfortunate_a prince_n king_n henry_n the_o six_o by_z margaret_z the_o daughter_n of_o rayner_n duke_n of_o anjou_n and_o titular_a king_n of_o jerusalem_n sicily_n and_o arragon_n be_v create_v prince_n of_o wales_n in_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o westminster_n on_o the_o 15_o day_n of_o march_n in_o the_o thirty_o second_o year_n of_o his_o father_n reign_n when_o the_o day_n be_v lose_v at_o tewksbury_n this_o young_a prince_n think_v to_o make_v his_o escape_n by_o flight_n but_o be_v unfortunate_o take_v and_o bring_v to_o the_o presence_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o four_o who_o then_o sit_v upon_o the_o helm_n make_v such_o resolute_a and_o unexpected_a reply_v that_o he_o put_v the_o king_n to_o such_o a_o passion_n that_o he_o smite_v he_o on_o the_o mouth_n with_o his_o gauntlet_n and_o then_o his_o brother_n richard_n the_o crouchback_a run_v he_o into_o the_o heart_n with_o his_o dagget_n edward_n bear_v in_o the_o sanctuary_n at_o westminster_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o four_o be_v after_o his_o father_n expulsion_n out_o of_o england_n in_o the_o forty_o nine_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o create_v prince_n of_o wales_n and_o earl_n of_o chester_n in_o the_o eleven_o year_n of_o his_o father_n reign_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o edward_n the_o four_o this_o young_a prince_n be_v then_o at_o ludlow_n in_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n be_v present_o send_v for_o to_o london_n and_o proclaim_v king_n of_o england_n but_o never_o live_v to_o be_v crown_v for_o his_o uncle_n richard_n duke_n of_o gloucester_n who_o be_v appoint_v his_o protector_n most_o vilainous_o make_v he_o away_o together_o with_o his_o brother_n the_o duke_n of_o york_n and_o afterward_o be_v himself_o proclaim_v and_o crown_v king_n edward_n the_o four_o in_o his_o war_n against_o henry_n the_o six_o be_v very_o much_o assist_v by_o the_o welsh_a in_o recompense_n of_o which_o service_n he_o design_v to_o reform_v matter_n so_o in_o wales_n as_o that_o intolerable_a oppression_n which_o they_o have_v hitherto_o endure_v shall_v be_v regulate_v and_o take_v off_o and_o to_o that_o end_n he_o mean_v to_o establish_v a_o court_n within_o the_o say_a principality_n and_o constitute_v john_n bishop_n of_o worcester_n precedent_n of_o the_o prince_n council_n in_o the_o march_n who_o together_o with_o anthony_n earl_n of_o rivers_n sit_v in_o the_o town-hall_n of_o shrewsbury_n and_o constitute_v certain_a ordinance_n for_o the_o public_a good_a and_o tranquillity_n of_o that_o place_n but_o the_o matter_n proceed_v no_o far_o for_o the_o trouble_n and_o disquietness_n of_o his_o kingdom_n come_v heavy_a upon_o he_o and_o the_o shortness_n of_o his_o reign_n after_o his_o establishment_n not_o permit_v he_o be_v force_v to_o leave_v that_o to_o other_o which_o himself_o think_v once_o to_o bring_v about_o edward_n bear_v at_o middleham_n near_o richmond_n in_o the_o county_n of_o york_n the_o only_a son_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o three_o be_v at_o ten_o year_n of_o age_n create_v by_o his_o father_n prince_n of_o wales_n and_o die_v soon_o after_o arthur_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o bear_v at_o winchester_n be_v in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o father_n reign_n create_v prince_n of_o wales_n about_o the_o fifteen_o year_n of_o his_o age_n be_v then_o new_o marry_v to_o katherine_n the_o infanta_n of_o spain_n he_o be_v send_v by_o his_o father_n into_o wales_n that_o by_o his_o presence_n he_o may_v keep_v that_o country_n in_o better_a awe_n with_o he_o king_n henry_n send_v dr._n william_n smith_n afterward_o make_v bishop_n of_o lincoln_n 789._o wokins_n p._n 789._o as_o precedent_n of_o his_o council_n together_o with_o sir_n richard_n pool_n his_o chamberlain_n sir_n henry_n vernon_z sir_n richard_z crofts_n sir_n david_n philip_n sir_n william_n vdal_n sir_n thomas_n englefield_n sir_n peter_n newton_n and_o other_o to_o be_v his_o counsellor_n and_o director_n in_o his_o management_n of_o affair_n but_o the_o prince_n have_v not_o continue_v long_o there_o but_o he_o fall_v sick_a at_o his_o castle_n at_o ludlow_n of_o which_o indisposition_n he_o short_o after_o dye_v and_o be_v bury_v with_o great_a solemnity_n in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o worcester_n but_o the_o create_v of_o his_o brother_n henry_n duke_n of_o york_n prince_n of_o wales_n in_o his_o stead_n be_v defer_v for_o about_o the_o space_n of_o a_o month_n to_o discover_v whether_o the_o lady_n katherine_n be_v get_v with_o child_n by_o prince_n arthur_n but_o when_o it_o appear_v for_o certain_a she_o have_v not_o conceive_v on_o the_o 18_o day_n of_o february_n in_o the_o nineteenth_o year_n of_o his_o father_n king_n
leave_v his_o estate_n to_o gwenwynwyn_n his_o son_n 217._o owen_n glendwr_n his_o family_n education_n and_o employment_n 315._o oppose_v by_o the_o lord_n ruthyn_n without_o redress_n take_v up_o arm_n and_o make_v he_o prisoner_n 316._o prevail_v take_v the_o earl_n of_o march_n prisoner_n 317._o retake_v aberystwyth_n castle_n 319._o summon_v a_o parliament_n at_o machynlleth_n 320._o secure_v david_n gam_n upon_o a_o suspicion_n of_o a_o design_n he_o have_v to_o murder_v he_o 321._o burn_v his_o house_n and_o his_o verse_n upon_o it_o ibid._n p._n patent_n of_o land_n grant_v in_o wales_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o portland_n 302._o commons_o address_v upon_o it_o 303._o king_n answer_v 304._o peckham_n john_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n endeavour_v a_o reconciliation_n of_o prince_n llewelyn_n and_o his_o brother_n with_o the_o king_n 286._o his_o remonstrance_n to_o the_o prince_n and_o people_n 287_o 288_o 289_o 290._o solicit_v the_o king_n on_o behalf_n of_o the_o welsh_a 291._o send_v article_n to_o the_o welsh_a 292._o excommunicate_v the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o his_o adherent_n 297._o peace_n in_o general_n between_o england_n and_o wales_n except_o with_o prince_n rhys_n who_o be_v force_v to_o comply_v with_o the_o king_n 176._o unjust_o deal_v with_o 177._o powis_n prince_n of_o removes_z his_o seat_n from_o pengwern_n to_o mathraval_n 20._o a_o account_n of_o it_o while_o a_o principality_n and_o a_o lordship_n with_o the_o several_a division_n and_o possessor_n thereof_o whether_o of_o british_a or_o english_a blood_n 175_o to_o 185._o r._n rebellion_n in_o the_o north_n cause_v by_o earl_n tosty_n insolence_n 97._o appease_v 98._o rhydderch_n seize_v upon_o south-wales_n 82._o rhydderch_n and_o rhys_n the_o son_n of_o rhydderch_n ap_fw-mi jestyn_n put_v in_o their_o claim_n to_o south-wales_n 88_o rhys_n brother_n to_o prince_n gruffydh_n take_v by_o the_o english_a and_o put_v to_o death_n at_o bulendun_v 91._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi owen_n and_o rhydderch_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n joint_o govern_v south-wales_n 105._o the_o latter_a die_v 106._o a_o rebellion_n against_o the_o other_o ibid._n invade_v also_o from_o north-wales_n fly_n pursued_z and_o slay_v 187._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi theodor_n allow_v prince_n of_o south-wales_n as_o lawful_a heir_n 107._o a_o rebellion_n form_v against_o he_o fly_v into_o ireland_n return_n and_o defeat_v his_o enemy_n 110._o suppress_v another_o rebellion_n 111._o slay_a near_o brecknock_n in_o a_o fight_n against_o the_o invade_a norman_n and_o his_o own_o rebellious_a subject_n 112._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi prince_n of_o south-wales_n take_v llanymddyfri_n castle_n 177._o subdue_v cardigan_n 178._o give_v henry_n ii_o hostage_n to_o observe_v the_o peace_n make_v between_o they_o ib._n besieges_n carmarthen_n then_o force_v to_o quit_v it_o 179._o possess_v himself_o of_o divers_a land_n belong_v to_o foreigner_n in_o wales_n as_o do_v other_o according_o to_o his_o example_n 189._o take_v aberteifi_n castle_n and_o raze_v it_o 191._o subdue_v owen_n cyfeilioc_n 197._o bring_v the_o lord_n of_o south-wales_n at_o enmity_n with_o k._n henry_n to_o do_v he_o homage_n 203._o make_v a_o great_a feast_n at_o christmas_n at_o aberteifi_n where_o the_o bard_n of_o north-wales_n and_o south-wales_n strive_v for_o the_o mastery_n 205_o 206._o take_v advantage_n upon_o king_n henry_n death_n to_o enlarge_v his_o country_n 209._o his_o family_n diminish_v 210._o make_a prisoner_n by_o his_o own_o son_n 211._o escape_n 212._o take_v two_o of_o his_o son_n prisoner_n 214._o enlarges_n his_o conquest_n and_o defeat_v the_o english_a and_o norman_n 214_o 215._o dies_z his_o character_n and_o issue_n 216._o rhys_n fychan_n take_v lhanymdhysri_n castle_n 227._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prevail_v in_o south-wales_n 239._o do_v homage_n to_o henry_n iii_o 145._o dies_fw-la 147._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n unfaithful_a to_o his_o country_n 304._o knight_v by_o king_n edward_n revolt_v â—05_n defeat_v take_v prisoner_n and_o execute_v 306._o rhythmarch_n archbishop_n of_o s._n david_n die_v 122._o richard_n king_n of_o england_n feast_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n 210._o take_a prisoner_n in_o austria_n ibid._n died_n of_o his_o wound_n receive_v at_o chalons_n in_o france_n 219._o richard_z of_o bourdeaux_n create_v prince_n of_o wales_n 315._o robert_n cyrthois_n rebel_v against_o his_o father_n in_o normandy_n 110._o robert_n earl_n of_o salop_n rebel_n against_o henry_n i._n 122._o engage_v the_o welsh_a in_o the_o quarrel_n 123._o seek_v aid_n of_o magnus_n harold_n son_n and_o fail_v banish_v with_o his_o brother_n arnulph_n into_o normandy_n 124._o robert_n de_fw-fr belissimo_fw-la a_o great_a disturber_n of_o the_o welsh_a commit_v to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n by_o king_n henry_n 139._o roderic_n molwynoc_n succeed_v ifor_n anno_fw-la 720.15_o drive_a by_o the_o saxon_n out_o of_o the_o western_a country_n to_o his_o inheritance_n in_o north-wales_n 17._o dye_v soon_o after_o 18._o roderic_n the_o great_a prince_n of_o wales_n 27._o beat_v the_o dane_n out_o of_o his_o country_n â—3_n fight_v the_o english_a anâ—_n with_o his_o brother_n gwyriad_n it_o slain_n 34._o his_o pedigree_n and_o division_n of_o wales_n between_o iâ—â—â—_n three_o son_n ibid._n his_o imprudence_n herein_o 36._o s._n saxons_n their_o answer_n to_o the_o british_a message_n 5._o they_o first_o repel_v the_o scot_n and_o pict_n 6._o enter_v into_o league_n with_o the_o scot_n ib._n they_o encroach_v upon_o the_o britain_n 19â—_n scot_n and_o pict_n invade_v britain_n 1_o sâ—ward_o earl_n his_o say_v upon_o his_o son_n be_v slay_v in_o battle_n 19_o his_o soldierly_a temper_n at_o his_o â—earâ—_n 92._o south_n wales_n invade_v twice_o in_o one_o year_n by_o jeâ—af_n and_o 〈◊〉_d prince_n of_o north-wales_n â—5_n they_o quarre_n and_o 〈◊〉_d consequence_n of_o it_o 57_o embroiled_a 〈◊〉_d between_o rhyâ—_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_n and_o rhys_n fychan_n and_o the_o former_a support_v by_o the_o english_a 235_o 236._o stephen_n king_n of_o england_n agree_v with_o the_o king_n of_o scotâ—_n 157._o ravages_n scotland_n 160._o suppress_v injury_n â—â—ons_n at_o home_o and_o â—ouâ—s_v the_o scot_n by_o his_o lieutenant_n 161._o besieges_n arundel_n castle_n in_o vain_a 162._o take_v lincoln_n be_v defeat_v and_o take_v prisoner_n ibid._n exchange_v for_o earl_n robert_n and_o overthrow_v a_o second_o time_n at_o wilton_n 163._o win_v the_o battle_n of_o farendon_n agree_v with_o henry_n the_o empress_n son_n and_o die_v 172._o steward_n the_o family_n and_o their_o original_a 91_o 92._o sulien_n archb_n shop_n of_o s._n david_n die_v 111._o sulien_n a_o learned_a man_n of_o llanbadarn_n die_v 165._o swain_n the_o dane_n waste_v the_o isle_n of_o man._n land_n in_o north-wales_n 68_o kill_v edwal_n prince_n of_o the_o country_n ib._n his_o success_n in_o england_n and_o esteem_v king_n hereof_o 74_o 75._o swain_n king_n of_o denmark_n invade_v england_n and_o take_v york_n 102._o force_v to_o fly_v ibid._n t._n trahern_n fychan_n strange_o hang_v 217._o trahern_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n make_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n 105._o his_o country_n invade_v from_o ireland_n by_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n the_o right_a heir_n ibid._n they_o fight_v and_o trahern_n with_o his_o cousin_n worsted_n and_o all_o slay_v 108._o tribute_n pay_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n 48._o tudor_n vaughan_n ap_fw-mi grono_n his_o family_n will_v be_v sâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d knight_n and_o his_o reason_n for_o it_o to_o king_n edward_n iii_o who_o confirm_v the_o honour_n of_o it_o 314._o v._o vortigern_n invite_v the_o saxon_n into_o britain_n 5._o vortimer_n repel_v the_o saxon_n 7._o w._n wales_n waste_v by_o the_o merciâ—â—s_v 24._o by_o king_n egbert_n ibid._n divide_v into_o three_o province_n 27._o invade_v by_o the_o english_a 52._o forcible_o manage_v by_o jevaf_n and_o jago_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n only_o 56._o afflict_a by_o the_o dane_n and_o a_o murrain_n 65._o give_v hostage_n to_o pay_v the_o ancient_a tribute_n 95._o seldom_o govern_v by_o the_o right_a heir_n 109._o waste_v by_o the_o english_a as_o far_o as_o anglesey_n 121._o embroil_a with_o civil_a division_n 151._o item_n 153_o 154._o in_o great_a scarcity_n 276._o annnext_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n 300._o walwey_n king_n arthur_n nephew_n his_o tomb_n find_v who_o body_n be_v of_o a_o prodigious_a length_n 110._o welsh_a quarrel_n among_o themselves_o 22._o ibid._n 23._o they_o defeat_v the_o mercian_n at_o conwey_n and_o call_v it_o dial_n rhodri_n 38._o disable_v the_o dane_n and_o english_a that_o invade_v they_o then_o fall_v out_o among_o themselves_o 61._o too_o late_o see_v the_o folly_n of_o foreign_a aid_n 114._o miserable_o slaughter_v 130_o 131._o be_v at_o peace_n from_o abroad_o they_o fall_v to_o their_o wont_a method_n of_o destroy_v one_o another_o 208._o complain_v to_o their_o prince_n of_o their_o oppression_n from_o the_o english_a 272._o beat_v by_o the_o english_a 279._o worst_a the_o english_a 297_o 298._o beat_v in_o buelht_n ibid._n revolt_v because_o of_o a_o heavy_a tax_n from_o edward_n i._n every_o where_o 306._o beat_v the_o english_a 307._o take_v the_o king_n carriage_n ibid._n rout_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o warwick_n 308._o beat_v the_o marcher_n but_o be_v at_o last_o overcome_v and_o their_o leader_n madoc_n make_v prisoner_n 309._o welsh_a minstrel_n reform_v whereof_o be_v three_o sort_n 159._o william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n claim_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n 98._o land_n at_o hastings_n and_o defeat_v the_o english_a 100_o william_n i._o go_v with_o a_o army_n on_o pilgrimage_n to_o s._n david_n 100_o william_n rufus_n invade_v the_o welsh_a without_o success_n 118._o item_n 120._o kill_v 122._o finis_fw-la book_n print_v for_o and_o sell_v by_o robert_n clauâ—â—â—_n the_o plausible_a argument_n of_o a_o roman_n catholic_n answer_v by_o a_o english_a protestant_n in_o the_o welsh_a tongue_n price_n 4_o d._n the_o church-history_n clear_v from_o the_o roman_a forgery_n and_o corruption_n find_v in_o the_o council_n and_o baronius_n in_o four_o part_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o christianity_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o five_o general_n council_n by_o thomas_n comber_n d._n d._n dean_n of_o durham_n 40._o a_o historical_a vindication_n of_o the_o diviâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d of_o tithe_n from_o scripture_n reasoâ—_n 〈◊〉_d opinion_n and_o practice_n of_o jew_n goâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d christian_n in_o all_o age_n to_o which_o be_v add_v a_o discourse_n concern_v excommunication_n by_o tho._n comber_n d._n d._n dean_n of_o durham_n 40._o
cadelh_n king_n of_o powis_n his_o father_n mother_n these_o three_o dominion_n roderic_n divide_v between_o hâ—â—_n three_o son_n appoint_v north-wales_n for_o his_o elder_a soâ—_n anarawd_n south-wales_n to_o cadelh_n who_o short_o after_o 〈◊〉_d father_n death_n forcible_o seize_v upon_o his_o brother_n mâ—â—fyn's_n portion_n upon_o who_o roderic_n have_v bestoweâ—_n powis-land_n wales_n be_v thus_o divide_v between_o the_o three_o prince_n they_o be_v call_v y_o tri_n tywysoc_n taâ—â—thioc_n or_o the_o three_o crown_a prince_n by_o reason_n thâ—â—_n each_o of_o they_o do_v wear_v on_o his_o helmet_n a_o coronet_n 〈◊〉_d gold_n be_v a_o broad_a head-band_n indent_a upwarâ—_n set_v and_o wrought_v with_o precious_a stone_n which_o in_o 〈◊〉_d british_a tongue_n be_v call_v talaeth_n to_o each_o of_o the_o prince_n roderic_n build_v a_o royal_a seat_n for_o the_o prinâ—â—_n of_o gwyneth_n or_o north-wales_n at_o aberffraw_n of_o souâ—â—wales_n at_o dinefawr_n for_o the_o prince_n of_o powis_n at_o mâ—thrafel_n roderic_n have_v issue_n also_o beside_o these_o threâ—_n roderic_n meyric_n edwal_n or_o tadwal_n gwyriad_n aâ—â—_n gathelic_n but_o roderic_n have_v divide_v his_o principality_n betwixt_o his_o elder_a son_n namely_o aberffraw_n with_o the_o fifteen_o cantred_n thereunto_o belong_v to_o anarawd_n dinefawr_n with_o its_o fifteen_o cantred_n extend_v from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n dofi_n to_o the_o mouth_n of_o severn_n to_o cadelh_n and_o powis_n with_o fifteen_o cantred_n from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi to_o the_o bridge_n over_o severn_n at_o gloucester_n to_o merfyn_n ordain_v that_o his_o elder_a son_n anarawd_n and_o his_o successor_n shall_v continue_v the_o payment_n of_o the_o ancient_a tribute_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o the_o other_o two_o their_o heir_n and_o successor_n shall_v acknowledge_v his_o sovereignty_n and_o that_o upon_o any_o foreign_a invasion_n they_o shall_v mutual_o aid_v and_o protect_v one_o another_o and_o he_o far_o appoint_v that_o when_o any_o difference_n shall_v arise_v betwixt_o the_o prince_n of_o aberffraw_n and_o cardigan_n or_o dynefawr_n the_o three_o prince_n shall_v meet_v at_o bwlch_n you_o pawl_v and_o the_o prince_n of_o powy_n shall_v be_v umpire_n but_o if_o the_o prince_n of_o aberffraw_n and_o powy_n fall_v at_o variance_n they_o shall_v meet_v at_o dôl_n rhianedd_n probable_o morva_n rhianedd_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi where_o the_o king_n of_o cardigan_n be_v to_o adjust_a the_o controversy_n and_o if_o the_o quarrel_v happen_v betwixt_o the_o prince_n of_o powy_n and_o cardigan_n the_o meeting_n be_v appoint_v at_o llys_n wen_n upon_o the_o river_n wye_n and_o to_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o aberffraw_n and_o the_o better_a to_o frustrate_v any_o attempt_n of_o the_o english_a he_o ordain_v moreover_o that_o all_o stronghold_n castle_n and_o citradel_n shall_v be_v fortify_v and_o keep_v in_o repair_n that_o all_o church_n and_o religious_a house_n shall_v be_v re-edify_v and_o adorn_v and_o that_o in_o all_o age_n the_o history_n of_o britain_n be_v faithful_o register_v and_o transcribe_v shall_v be_v keep_v therein_o anarawd_n the_o welsh_a have_v often_o sorrowful_o feel_v the_o unnatural_a effect_n of_o inward_a sedition_n and_o of_o be_v govern_v by_o several_a prince_n which_o be_v now_o unavoidable_o to_o be_v renew_v by_o reason_n of_o roderic_n imprudent_a division_n of_o his_o dominion_n between_o his_o three_o son_n for_o the_o several_a principality_n be_v unite_v in_o he_o it_o be_v certain_o the_o most_o politic_a mean_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o country_n from_o the_o inveterate_a fury_n of_o the_o english_a to_o compose_v the_o inward_a difference_n which_o will_v otherwise_o happen_v by_o perpetuate_a the_o whole_a government_n of_o wales_n in_o one_o prince_n for_o it_o be_v impossible_a effectual_o to_o oppose_v the_o common_a enemy_n by_o separate_a army_n and_o where_o a_o different_a interest_n interfere_v as_o if_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o same_o country_n and_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o same_o prince_n be_v unanimous_o regard_v this_o be_v the_o unhappiness_n of_o the_o ancient_a britain_n when_v the_o roman_n invade_v their_o country_n domestic_a broil_n and_o inward_a dissension_n be_v sownâ—_n among_o themselves_o they_o can_v not_o agree_v to_o unite_v their_o power_n and_o joint_o to_o oppose_v the_o common_a enemy_n so_o that_o tacitus_n wise_o conclude_v dum_fw-la singuâ—â—_fw-la pugnant_fw-la universi_fw-la vincuntur_fw-la there_o be_v few_o â—_z but_o have_v experience_v the_o folly_n of_o be_v rend_v into_o several_a portion_n and_o the_o downfall_n of_o that_o greaâ—_n body_n the_o roman_a empire_n may_v not_o be_v absurd_o attribute_v to_o constantine_n divide_v of_o it_o between_o hiâ—_n son_n but_o the_o welsh_a at_o this_o time_n present_o feel_v the_o unhappiness_n of_o it_o cadelh_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n be_v dissatisfy_v with_o his_o portion_n and_o desirous_a to_o feed_v his_o ambition_n with_o large_a territory_n can_v not_o spare_v his_o brother_n merfyn_n country_n but_o must_v needs_o forcible_o dispossess_v he_o of_o his_o lawful_a inheritance_n and_o so_o involve_v the_o welsh_a in_o a_o civil_a war._n but_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n proceed_v in_o anarawd_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o roderic_n who_o begin_v his_o reign_n over_o north-wales_n in_o the_o year_n 877._o a.d._n 877_o at_o that_o time_n rollo_n with_o a_o numerous_a army_n of_o norman_n descend_v into_o france_n and_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o country_n of_o neustria_n which_o from_o they_o have_v since_o receive_v the_o name_n of_o normandy_n but_o the_o treacherous_a dane_n in_o england_n who_o have_v retire_v to_o the_o city_n of_o exeter_n quick_o violate_v the_o capitulation_n which_o they_o have_v late_o swear_v to_o observe_v and_o upon_o that_o account_n be_v so_o warm_o pursue_v by_o king_n alfred_n that_o they_o glad_o deliver_v up_o hostage_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o article_n former_o agree_v upon_o between_o they_o but_o it_o be_v not_o their_o intention_n to_o keep_v they_o long_o for_o the_o next_o year_n they_o again_o break_v lose_v possess_v themselves_o of_o all_o the_o country_n upon_o the_o north-side_n of_o thames_n and_o pass_v the_o river_n put_v the_o english_a to_o flight_n and_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o chippenham_n in_o west-sax_n but_o their_o whole_a army_n do_v not_o succeed_v so_o well_o for_o alfred_n meet_v with_o a_o party_n of_o they_o slay_v their_o captain_n and_o take_v their_o standard_n which_o the_o dane_n call_v raven_n after_o this_o he_o vanquish_v they_o again_o at_o edendown_n where_o after_o that_o the_o dane_n have_v give_v hostage_n for_o their_o peaceable_a behaviour_n godrun_v their_o commander_n receive_v the_o christian_a faith_n and_o so_o reign_v in_o east-angle_n but_o this_o opportunity_n seem_v to_o threaten_v a_o great_a storm_n upon_o wales_n for_o beside_o the_o death_n of_o aedan_n the_o son_n of_o a.d._n 878_o melht_n a_o nobleman_n of_o the_o country_n the_o article_n of_o composition_n between_o the_o english_a and_o the_o dane_n occasion_v these_o last_o to_o join_v their_o power_n with_o the_o people_n of_o mercia_n to_o fight_v against_o the_o welsh_a between_o who_o a_o severe_a battle_n be_v fight_v at_o conwey_n wherein_o the_o welsh_a obtain_v a_o very_a signal_n victory_n which_o be_v call_v dial_n rodri_n or_o the_o revenge_n of_o the_o death_n of_o prince_n roderic_n the_o reason_n why_o the_o mercian_n be_v so_o irreconcilable_o enrage_v against_o the_o welsh_a at_o this_o time_n be_v this_o after_o the_o death_n of_o roderic_n the_o great_a the_o northern_a britain_n of_o stratelwyd_n and_o cumberland_n be_v mighty_o infest_a and_o weaken_a through_o the_o daily_a incursion_n of_o the_o dane_n saxon_n and_o scot_n insomuch_o that_o as_o many_o of_o they_o as_o will_v not_o submit_v their_o neck_n to_o the_o yoke_n be_v force_v to_o quit_v their_o country_n and_o to_o seek_v for_o more_o quiet_a habitation_n therefore_o towards_o the_o beginning_n of_o anarawd_n reign_n several_a of_o they_o come_v to_o gwyneth_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o one_o hoberet_fw-la who_o distress_a condition_n the_o prince_n commiserate_v grant_v they_o all_o the_o country_n betwixt_o chester_n and_o conwey_n to_o seat_n themselves_o in_o in_o case_n they_o can_v drive_v out_o the_o saxon_n who_o have_v late_o possess_v themselves_o of_o it_o the_o britain_n have_v return_v their_o thanks_o to_o anarawd_n present_o fall_v to_o work_v and_o necessity_n give_v edge_n to_o their_o valour_n they_o easy_o dispossess_v the_o saxon_n who_o be_v not_o as_o yet_o warm_a in_o their_o seat_n for_o some_o time_n they_o continue_v peaceable_o in_o this_o part_n of_o wales_n but_o eadred_a duke_n of_o mercia_n call_v by_o the_o welsh_a edryd_n wallthîr_n not_o be_v able_a any_o long_o to_o bear_v such_o a_o ignominious_a ejection_n make_v great_a preparation_n
â—anes_n pass_v from_o thence_o to_o cambridge_n they_o meet_v â—ith_n ethelstan_n king_n edelred_n nephew_n by_o his_o sister_n who_o with_o a_o army_n be_v come_v to_o oppose_v they_o but_o the_o dane_n prove_v too_o powerful_a he_o with_o many_o other_o nobleman_n be_v slay_v among_o who_o be_v duke_n oswyn_n and_o the_o earl_n edwin_n and_o wolfrike_n from_o hence_o they_o pass_v through_o essex_n leave_v no_o manner_n of_o cruelty_n and_o barbarity_n unpractised_a and_o return_v lade_v with_o booty_n to_o their_o ship_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o a.d._n 1010_o thames_n but_o they_o can_v not_o contain_v themselves_o long_o in_o their_o vessel_n and_o therefore_o sally_v out_o they_o pass_v by_o the_o river_n side_n to_o oxford_n which_o they_o ransack_v over_o again_o add_v to_o their_o prey_n buckingham_n bedford_z hartford_n and_o northamptonshire_n and_o have_v accomplish_v that_o year_n cruelty_n at_o christmas_n they_o return_v to_o their_o ship_n yet_o the_o prey_n of_o the_o country_n from_o the_o trent_n southward_o will_v not_o satisfy_v these_o unmerciful_a barbarian_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o season_n a.d._n 1011_o give_v they_o leave_v to_o peep_v out_o of_o their_o den_n they_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o city_n of_o canterbury_n which_o be_v deliver_v up_o by_o the_o treachery_n of_o almarez_n the_o archdeacon_n be_v condemn_v to_o blood_n and_o ash_n and_o alfegoâ—_n the_o archbishop_n carry_v prisoner_n to_o the_o danish_a fleet_n where_o he_o be_v at_o length_n most_o cruel_o put_v to_o death_n a.d._n 1012_o the_o next_o year_n swain_n king_n of_o denmark_n come_v up_o the_o humber_n and_o land_v at_o gainesborow_n whither_o repair_v to_o he_o vthrâ—d_a earl_n of_o northumberland_n with_o his_o people_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o lindsey_n with_o all_o thâ—_n country_n northward_o of_o watling-street_n be_v a_o highway_n cross_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n sea_n and_o give_v their_o oath_n and_o hostage_n to_o obey_v he_o whereupon_o king_n swain_n perceive_v his_o undertake_n to_o prove_v 〈◊〉_d fortunate_a beyond_o expectation_n commit_v the_o care_n oâ—_n his_o fleet_n to_o his_o son_n cnute_n and_o march_v himself_o 〈◊〉_d to_o oxford_n and_o then_o to_o winchester_n which_o citieâ—_n whether_o for_o fear_n of_o further_a calamity_n ready_o acknowledge_v he_o for_o their_o king_n from_o thence_o hâ—_n march_v for_o london_n where_o king_n edelred_n then_o layâ—_n and_o which_o be_v so_o stout_o defend_v by_o the_o citizen_n that_o he_o be_v like_a to_o effect_v nothing_o against_o that_o town_n and_o therefore_o he_o direct_v his_o course_n to_o wallingforâ—_n and_o bath_n where_o the_o principal_a man_n of_o west-saxon_a yield_v he_o subjection_n the_o londoner_n too_o at_o last_o â—earing_v his_o fury_n and_o displeasure_n make_v their_o peace_n â—nd_v send_v he_o hostage_n which_o city_n be_v receive_v to_o â—ercy_n swain_n from_o that_o time_n be_v account_v king_n of_o â—ll_a england_n king_n edelred_n perceive_v all_o his_o astair_n â—n_v england_n to_o go_v against_o he_o and_o his_o authority_n and_o government_n reduce_v to_o so_o narrow_a a_o compass_n have_v send_v his_o queen_n with_o his_o two_o son_n edward_n and_o alfred_n â—o_o normandy_n he_o think_v convenient_a within_o a_o while_n â—fter_o to_o follow_v himself_o be_v honourable_o receive_v by_o his_o brother_n in_o law_n richard_n he_o have_v not_o be_v there_o â—ong_o but_o news_n arrive_v of_o the_o death_n of_o swain_n and_o that_o he_o be_v desire_v by_o the_o english_a to_o return_v to_o his_o kingdom_n be_v animate_v and_o comfort_v with_o this_o surprise_a news_n he_o set_v forward_o with_o a_o great_a army_n â—or_a england_n and_o land_v at_o lyndsey_n he_o cruel_o harass_v that_o province_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o have_v own_a subjection_n to_o cnute_n the_o son_n of_o swain_n who_o the_o danesâ—ad_a â—ad_z elect_a king_n in_o his_o father_n stead_n king_n cnute_n be_v at_o ipswich_n and_o certify_v of_o 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and_o broderic_n general_n of_o the_o auxiliary_n but_o cnute_n though_o he_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n force_v to_o a.d._n 1013_o forsake_v england_n upon_o the_o recall_v of_o king_n edelred_n yet_o he_o do_v not_o abandon_v all_o his_o pretence_n to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o the_o next_o year_n he_o come_v to_o renew_v his_o claim_n and_o land_v with_o a_o strong_a fleet_n in_o west-â—ex_a where_o he_o exercise_v very_o great_a hostility_n to_o prevent_v his_o incursion_n edric_n and_o edmund_n bastard-son_n to_o edelred_n raise_v their_o force_n separately_z bâ—â—_n when_o both_o army_n be_v unite_v they_o dare_v not_o whâ—ther_o for_o fear_n or_o the_o dissension_n of_o the_o two_o general_n fight_v with_o the_o dane_n edmund_z therefore_o pass_v to_o the_o north_n and_o join_v with_o vthred_a duke_n of_o northumberland_n and_o both_o together_o descend_v and_o spoil_v stafford_n leicester_n and_o shropshire_n on_o the_o other_o side_n cnute_n march_v forcible_o through_o 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â—â—ter_v have_v augment_v his_o force_n cross_v again_o the_o â—hames_n
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denmark_n and_o sweden_n against_o vlf_n and_o alaf_fw-mi who_o have_v move_v the_o finlander_n against_o he_o who_o he_o subdue_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o army_n as_o well_o english_a as_o dane_n within_o a_o while_n after_o his_o return_n to_o england_n he_o make_v 〈◊〉_d very_o pompous_a and_o magnificent_a journey_n to_o rome_n more_o to_o satisfy_v his_o ambitious_a temper_n and_o to_o signify_v to_o the_o world_n his_o greatness_n and_o may_v which_o he_o express_v by_o his_o costly_a present_n and_o princely_a behaviour_n than_o any_o way_n to_o make_v atonement_n for_o the_o oppression_n and_o bloodshed_n by_o which_o he_o have_v establish_v himself_o in_o his_o kingdom_n for_o what_o holiness_n and_o mortification_n he_o have_v learn_v at_o rome_n present_o appear_v upon_o his_o return_n to_o england_n for_o upon_o no_o provocation_n he_o march_v with_o a_o army_n into_o scotland_n and_o force_v malcolm_n the_o king_n thereof_o together_o with_o molbeaâ—â—_n and_o jermare_n the_o king_n of_o the_o orkner_n and_o ewist_n to_o do_v he_o homage_n a.d._n 1031_o but_o the_o affair_n of_o wales_n be_v at_o this_o time_n very_o turbulent_a and_o uneasy_a for_o howel_n and_o meredith_n after_o the_o murder_n of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n expect_v to_o enjoy_v some_o part_n of_o his_o principality_n themselves_o but_o find_v jago_n to_o have_v seize_v upon_o north-wales_n and_o rytherch_v upon_o south-wales_n and_o withal_o perceive_v their_o own_o power_n too_o weak_a to_o oppose_v their_o design_n they_o invite_v over_o the_o irish-scot_n to_o their_o aid_n against_o rytherch_n ap_fw-mi jestâ—â—_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n by_o the_o help_n of_o these_o howel_n and_o meredith_n prevail_v over_o rytherch_n who_o be_v at_o length_n slay_v they_o joint_o take_v upon_o they_o the_o rule_n and_o government_n of_o south_n wales_n but_o this_o be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a title_n to_o establish_v they_o so_o firm_o in_o it_o that_o their_o usurpation_n will_v not_o be_v call_v in_o question_n for_o a.d._n 1032_o the_o son_n of_o râ—therch_n present_o after_o their_o father_n death_n gather_v their_o force_n together_o to_o fight_v with_o the_o brother_n howel_n and_o meredith_n who_o meet_v at_o irathwy_a where_o a_o cruel_a battle_n be_v fight_v call_v gwaith_n irathwy_a and_o at_o last_o the_o son_n of_o rytherch_n be_v put_v to_o flight_n but_o though_o these_o victory_n the_o one_o over_o rytherch_n and_o the_o second_o over_o his_o son_n seem_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n to_o favour_n howel_n and_o meredith_n pretence_n to_o and_o establishment_n in_o the_o principality_n yet_o so_o unpardonable_a a_o crime_n as_o the_o murder_n of_o â—hewelyn_n a_o prince_n of_o so_o a.d._n 1033_o extraordinary_a quality_n can_v not_o remain_v long_o unrevenged_a for_o the_o son_n of_o conan_n the_o son_n of_o sitsylht_n prince_n lhewelyn_n brother_n be_v resolve_v to_o return_v their_o uncle_n murder_n upon_o the_o two_o usurper_n 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britain_n to_o he_o succeed_v his_o son_n harold_n for_o his_o swiftness_n surname_v harefoot_n beget_v upon_o alwyn_n the_o daughter_n of_o duke_n alselyn_n though_o several_a stickle_v firm_o for_o harâ—â—enute_n his_o other_o son_n by_o emma_n who_o be_v then_o in_o denmark_n but_o harold_n be_v once_o advance_v into_o the_o throne_n take_v care_n to_o establish_v himself_o as_o firm_o as_o he_o can_v in_o it_o and_o to_o that_o end_n think_v it_o expedient_a to_o banish_v out_o of_o his_o dominion_n his_o mother_n in_o law_n emma_n who_o be_v restless_a to_o promote_v the_o interest_n of_o her_o own_o son_n hardycnute_n and_o to_o bring_v he_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n a.d._n 1037_o and_o whilst_o harold_n be_v by_o these_o measure_n settle_v in_o his_o throne_n jago_n ap_fw-mi edwal_n be_v just_a upon_o the_o point_n of_o lose_v his_o principality_n of_o north_n wales_n for_o gruffydh_n the_o son_n of_o lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi sitsylht_n sometime_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n 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easy_o grant_v with_o the_o promise_n too_o of_o great_a succour_n and_o large_a supply_n king_n henry_n to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o their_o bold_a adventure_n march_v in_o person_n against_o they_o and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o arundel_n win_v it_o without_o any_o great_a opposition_n and_o quick_o afterward_o the_o castle_n of_o tekinhill_n but_o that_o of_o brugge_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o ditch_n about_o it_o seem_v to_o require_v long_a time_n and_o hard_a service_n and_o therefore_o king_n henry_n be_v advise_v to_o send_v private_o to_o jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n promise_v he_o great_a reward_n if_o he_o forsake_v the_o earl_n part_n and_o come_v over_o to_o he_o urge_v to_o he_o what_o mischief_n roger_n earl_n robert_n father_n and_o his_o brother_n hugh_n have_v continual_o do_v to_o the_o welshman_n and_o to_o make_v he_o the_o more_o willing_a to_o accept_v of_o his_o proposal_n he_o promise_v 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1101._o a._n d._n 1101._o under_o pretence_n of_o consult_v about_o the_o king_n business_n and_o affair_n in_o those_o part_n but_o the_o plot_n be_v lay_v deep_o and_o when_o without_o any_o suspicion_n of_o treachery_n he_o make_v his_o appearance_n he_o be_v surprize_o attaint_v of_o high-treason_n and_o then_o contrary_a to_o all_o right_a and_o justice_n actual_o condemn_v to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n the_o true_a reason_n of_o this_o unparalleled_a severity_n be_v the_o king_n fear_v his_o strength_n and_o be_v apprehensive_a that_o he_o will_v revenge_v the_o wrong_n and_o affront_v he_o receive_v at_o his_o hand_n and_o indeed_o well_o have_v he_o reason_n to_o fear_v that_o when_o he_o so_o ungrateful_o treat_v he_o who_o service_n he_o have_v experience_v to_o be_v so_o great_o advantageous_a to_o he_o but_o the_o policy_n of_o prince_n be_v unaccountable_a and_o whether_o to_o value_v a_o eminent_a person_n for_o his_o service_n or_o to_o fear_v he_o for_o his_o greatness_n be_v a_o subject_a that_o frequent_o disturb_v their_o most_o settle_a consideration_n but_o the_o nobleman_n that_o be_v at_o this_o time_n send_v by_o the_o king_n to_o shrewsbury_n be_v richard_n de_fw-fr belmersh_n who_o be_v chief_a agent_n about_o roger_n montgomery_n earl_n of_o salop_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o bishopric_n of_o london_n and_o afterward_o appoint_v by_o this_o king_n to_o be_v warden_n of_o the_o march_n and_o governor_n of_o the_o county_n of_o salop._n with_o he_o be_v join_v in_o company_n walter_z constable_z the_o father_n of_o milo_n earl_n of_o hereford_n and_o rayner_n the_o king_n lieutenant_n in_o the_o county_n of_o salop._n about_o this_o time_n as_o bale_n write_v the_o church_n of_o menevia_n or_o s._n david_n begin_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o see_v of_o canterbury_n be_v always_o afore_o the_o metropolitan_a church_n of_o all_o wales_n a.d._n 1102_o short_o after_o this_o owen_z ap_fw-mi edwin_n who_o have_v be_v author_n of_o no_o small_a mischief_n and_o disturbance_n to_o the_o welsh_a in_o move_v the_o english_a against_o his_o natural_a prince_n and_o son_n in_o law_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n depart_v this_o life_n after_o a_o tedious_a and_o miserable_a sickness_n of_o which_o he_o be_v so_o much_o the_o less_o pity_a by_o how_o much_o he_o have_v prove_v a_o enemy_n and_o a_o traitor_n to_o his_o native_a country_n he_o be_v the_o son_n of_o grono_n by_o his_o wife_n edelflede_v the_o widow_n of_o edmund_n surname_v ironside_n king_n of_o england_n and_o have_v the_o title_n of_o tegengl_n though_o the_o english_a when_o they_o have_v compel_v gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n to_o flee_v to_o ireland_n for_o safety_n constitute_v he_o prince_n of_o all_o north-wales_n after_o his_o death_n richard_n fitz-baldwyn_n lay_v siege_n to_o and_o take_v the_o castle_n of_o rydcor_n and_o forcible_o drive_v howel_n ap_fw-mi grono_n to_o who_o king_n henry_n have_v commit_v the_o custody_n of_o it_o out_o of_o the_o country_n but_o howel_n quick_o return_v and_o with_o a_o high_a spirit_n of_o revenge_n begin_v to_o destroy_v and_o burn_v whatsoever_o he_o can_v meet_v with_o and_o then_o meet_v a_o party_n of_o the_o norman_n in_o their_o return_n homeward_o he_o fall_v upon_o the_o flank_n of_o they_o with_o a_o very_a considerable_a slaughter_n and_o so_o bring_v all_o the_o country_n to_o his_o subjection_n except_v some_o few_o garrison_n and_o castle_n which_o will_v not_o surrender_v to_o he_o the_o same_o time_n king_n henry_n take_v away_o from_o saer_n the_o government_n of_o dyfed_a which_o former_o be_v jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi blethyn's_fw-mi and_o bestow_v it_o upon_o gerald_n who_o have_v be_v some_o time_n earl_n arnulph_n steward_n in_o those_o part_n and_o therefore_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o knowledge_n of_o the_o country_n be_v in_o all_o probability_n best_o able_a to_o take_v
apprehension_n of_o his_o former_a miscarriage_n that_o he_o endure_v penance_n for_o the_o expiation_n of_o former_a guilt_n a.d._n 1134_o in_o the_o year_n 1134._o till_o which_o time_n nothing_o of_o moment_n be_v transact_v in_o wales_n henry_n the_o first_o of_o that_o name_n king_n of_o england_n dye_v in_o normandy_n in_o the_o month_n of_o october_n after_o who_o stephen_n earl_n of_o buloign_n son_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o bloys_n his_o sister_n son_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o hugh_n bygod_n be_v crown_v king_n by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n all_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n consent_v thereunto_o though_o contrary_a to_o a_o former_a oath_n they_o have_v take_v to_o maud_n the_o empress_n the_o first_o thing_n that_o employ_v his_o thought_n after_o his_o accession_n to_o the_o government_n be_v against_o david_n king_n of_o the_o scot_n who_o take_v advantage_n of_o this_o new_a revolution_n in_o england_n by_o some_o treacherous_a mean_n or_o other_o get_v the_o town_n of_o carlisle_n and_o newcastle_n into_o his_o hand_n but_o king_n stephen_n though_o scarce_o settle_v in_o his_o throne_n present_o march_v towards_o the_o north_n of_o who_o come_v david_n be_v assure_v and_o fear_v to_o meet_v he_o voluntary_o restore_v newcastle_n and_o compound_v for_o carlisle_n but_o will_v not_o swear_v to_o he_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o oath_n to_o maud_n which_o however_o his_o son_n henry_n do_v not_o stick_v at_o and_o thereupon_o be_v by_o king_n stephen_n create_v earl_n of_o huntingdon_n this_o change_n and_o alteration_n of_o affair_n in_o england_n make_v also_o a.d._n 1135_o the_o welsh_a bestir_v themselves_o for_o morgan_n ap_fw-mi owen_n a_o man_n of_o considerable_a quality_n and_o estate_n in_o wales_n remember_v the_o wrong_n and_o injury_n he_o have_v receive_v at_o the_o hand_n of_o richard_n fitz-gilbert_n slay_v he_o together_o with_o his_o son_n gilbert_n and_o short_o after_o cadwallader_n and_o owen_n gwyneth_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n have_v raise_v a_o mighty_a army_n march_v against_o the_o norman_n and_o fleming_n and_o come_v to_o cardigan_n commit_v very_o considerable_a waste_n and_o havoc_n in_o the_o country_n and_o take_v two_o of_o the_o strong_a place_n one_o belong_v to_o walter_n espec_n and_o the_o castle_n of_o aberystwyth_n in_o this_o last_o place_n they_o be_v join_v by_o howel_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n and_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n ap_fw-mi ednerth_n who_o march_v forward_o take_v the_o castle_n of_o richard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mare_n together_o with_o those_o of_o dinerth_n and_o caerwedros_n and_o then_o return_v with_o very_o valuable_a booty_n but_o have_v succeed_v so_o well_o in_o this_o expedition_n they_o can_v not_o rest_v satisfy_v till_o they_o have_v rid_v the_o whole_a country_n from_o the_o intolerable_a pride_n and_o oppression_n of_o the_o norman_n and_o fleming_n and_o therefore_o return_v the_o same_o year_n to_o cardigan_n 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according_a to_o their_o usual_a manner_n trust_v too_o much_o to_o the_o strength_n of_o their_o town_n and_o fortification_n begin_v to_o look_v how_o to_o save_v themselves_o that_o way_n but_o the_o welsh_a press_v upon_o they_o so_o hard_o that_o they_o kill_v above_o 3000_o man_n beside_o several_a that_o be_v drown_v and_o take_v prisoner_n this_o victory_n be_v so_o happy_o obtain_v cadwallader_n and_o owen_n overran_a the_o whole_a country_n force_v all_o the_o norman_n and_o fleming_n to_o depart_v the_o country_n with_o all_o speed_n and_o place_v in_o their_o room_n those_o miserable_a welsh_a who_o have_v be_v so_o long_o deprive_v and_o keep_v from_o their_o own_o estate_n and_o after_o they_o have_v weed_v the_o country_n of_o those_o insatiable_a caterpillar_n they_o return_v to_o north_n wales_n lade_v with_o very_o rich_a spoil_n and_o acceptable_a plunder_n the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v not_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o take_v notice_n to_o what_o extremity_n his_o subject_n be_v reduce_v to_o in_o wales_n by_o reason_n that_o his_o own_o noble_n of_o england_n be_v rise_v in_o arm_n against_o he_o the_o reason_n of_o which_o tumult_n among_o the_o nobility_n be_v occasion_v by_o a_o fallacious_a report_n that_o go_v about_o of_o the_o king_n death_n who_o lie_v then_o sick_a of_o a_o lethargy_n they_o that_o bear_v he_o no_o good_a will_n verify_v the_o rumour_n as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v and_o stir_v up_o the_o common_a people_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o empress_n whereas_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o king_n friend_n betake_v themselves_o to_o castle_n and_o strong_a hold_v for_o fear_n of_o the_o empress_n and_z among_z other_o hugh_z bigod_n secure_v the_o castle_n of_o norwich_n and_o after_o that_o he_o be_v assure_v that_o the_o king_n be_v well_o again_o he_o be_v loath_a to_o deliver_v the_o same_o out_o of_o his_o possession_n a.d._n 1136_o unless_o it_o be_v to_o the_o king_n be_v own_o hand_n but_o during_o these_o commotion_n and_o trouble_n in_o england_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n son_n to_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi theodore_n the_o right_a heir_n to_o the_o principality_n of_o south-wales_n dye_v leave_v issue_n behind_o he_o a_o son_n call_v rhys_n common_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o lord_n rhys_n by_o gwenlhian_n the_o daughter_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n who_o by_o some_o be_v say_v to_o have_v poison_v her_o husband_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o same_o year_n die_v likewise_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v 57_o year_n to_o the_o great_a grief_n and_o discontent_n of_o all_o his_o subject_n as_o be_v a_o prince_n of_o incomparable_a quality_n and_o one_o who_o after_o divers_a victory_n obtain_v over_o the_o english_a have_v thorough_o purge_v north-wales_n from_o all_o stranger_n and_o foreigner_n he_o have_v issue_n by_o angharad_n the_o daughter_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n three_o son_n namely_o owen_n cadwallader_n and_o cadwalhon_n and_o five_o daughter_n marret_n susanna_n ranulht_n agnes_n and_o gwenlhian_a and_o by_o a_o concubine_n jago_n ascain_n edwal_n abbot_n of_o penmon_n dolhing_n and_o elen_n who_o be_v marry_v to_o hova_n ap_fw-mi ithel_n felyn_n of_o yal_a there_o be_v several_a good_a and_o wholesome_a law_n and_o statute_n enact_v in_o his_o time_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n he_o reform_v the_o great_a disorder_n of_o the_o welsh_a minstrel_n which_o be_v then_o grow_v to_o great_a abuse_n of_o these_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n in_o wales_n the_o first_o be_v call_v beirdh_n who_o compose_v several_a song_n and_o ode_n of_o various_a measure_n wherein_o the_o poet_n skill_n be_v not_o only_o require_v but_o also_o a_o natural_a endowment_n or_o a_o vein_n which_o the_o latin_n term_v furor_fw-la poeticus_fw-la these_o likewise_o keep_v the_o record_n of_o all_o gentleman_n arm_n and_o pedigree_n and_o be_v principal_o esteem_v among_o all_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o welsh_a poet_n 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be_v also_o
any_o ambushment_n lurk_v therein_o and_o for_o a_o more_o clear_a prospect_n of_o the_o enemy_n but_o some_o of_o the_o welsh_a take_v advantage_n of_o this_o opportunity_n who_o be_v well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o passage_n without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o their_o officer_n fall_v upon_o the_o king_n guard_n where_o all_o the_o pike-man_n be_v post_v and_o after_o a_o hot_a skirmish_n several_z be_v slay_v on_o both_o side_n but_o in_o fine_a the_o king_n win_v the_o passage_n and_o so_o march_v on_o to_o the_o mountain_n of_o berwyn_n where_o he_o lie_v sometime_o without_o any_o hostility_n on_o either_o side_n both_o army_n stand_v in_o fear_n of_o each_o other_o the_o english_a keep_v the_o open_a plain_n and_o be_v afraid_a to_o be_v entrap_v in_o the_o strait_n and_o narrow_a passage_n and_o the_o welsh_a on_o the_o other_o hand_n watch_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o place_n and_o observe_v the_o english_a so_o narrow_o that_o neither_o forage_v or_o victual_n can_v pass_v to_o the_o king_n camp_n and_o what_o augment_v the_o misery_n of_o the_o english_a army_n there_o happen_v to_o fall_v such_o a_o rain_n that_o mighty_o disturb_v their_o encampment_n in_o so_o much_o that_o the_o soldier_n can_v scarce_o stand_v for_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o those_o slippery_a hill_n but_o in_o the_o end_n king_n henry_n be_v force_v to_o decamp_v and_o after_o a_o very_a considerable_a loss_n of_o man_n and_o ammunition_n beside_o the_o great_a charge_n of_o this_o expedition_n be_v compel_v to_o return_v back_o to_o england_n but_o to_o express_v the_o great_a dissatisfaction_n he_o entertain_v of_o this_o enterprise_n in_o a_o great_a fury_n he_o pluck_v out_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o hostage_n which_o he_o have_v some_o time_n afore_o receive_v from_o the_o welsh_a which_o be_v rhys_n and_o cadwalhon_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n and_o cynric_n and_o meredith_n the_o son_n of_o rhys_n of_o south-wales_n some_o write_v that_o in_o assail_a of_o a_o bridge_n the_o king_n be_v in_o no_o small_a danger_n of_o his_o life_n one_o of_o the_o welsh_a have_v aim_v direct_o at_o he_o be_v like_a to_o pierce_v he_o through_o the_o body_n have_v not_o hubert_n de_fw-fr clare_n constable_n of_o colchester_n who_o perceive_v the_o arrow_n a_o come_n thrust_v himself_o betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o it_o though_o to_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o own_o life_n but_o though_o king_n henry_n be_v shameful_o force_v to_o return_v to_o england_n yet_o he_o do_v not_o give_v over_o the_o thought_n of_o subdue_a the_o welsh_a and_o therefore_o after_o a_o long_a consultation_n he_o make_v a_o three_o expedition_n into_o wales_n convey_v his_o army_n by_o sea_n as_o far_o as_o chester_n there_o he_o stay_v for_o some_o time_n till_o all_o his_o fleet_n as_o well_o those_o ship_n that_o he_o have_v hire_v out_o of_o ireland_n as_o his_o own_o be_v all_o arrive_v but_o when_o they_o be_v all_o come_v together_o and_o get_v safe_o to_o chester_n his_o mind_n be_v alter_v and_o instead_o of_o a_o design_n against_o wales_n he_o unexpected_o dismiss_v his_o whole_a army_n prince_n rhys_n be_v glad_a of_o this_o opportunity_n and_o therefore_o withdraw_a his_o force_n from_o the_o confederate_a army_n he_o march_v to_o the_o siege_n of_o aberteifi_n castle_n which_o be_v surrender_v to_o he_o he_o raze_v to_o the_o ground_n from_o thence_o he_o get_v before_o cilgerran_n which_o he_o use_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o therein_o take_v prisoner_n robert_n the_o son_n of_o stephen_n his_o cousin-german_a who_o be_v the_o son_n of_o nest_n his_o aunt_n who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o gerald_n have_v marry_v stephen_n constable_n the_o joy_n of_o these_o happy_a success_n on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o welsh_a be_v somewhat_o cloud_v by_o the_o death_n of_o lhewelyn_n son_n of_o owen_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n a_o person_n of_o great_a worth_n and_o exceed_o well_o belove_v of_o all_o his_o country_n a.d._n 1165_o and_o now_o the_o welsh_a be_v something_o secure_a from_o any_o invasion_n from_o the_o english_a there_o rise_v up_o another_o enemy_n to_o create_v they_o disturbance_n the_o fleming_n and_o norman_n find_v the_o english_a to_o fail_v in_o their_o attempt_n against_o the_o welsh_a think_v they_o may_v with_o better_a success_n quell_v and_o subdue_v they_o and_o therefore_o they_o come_v to_o west-wales_n with_o a_o great_a army_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o cilgerran_n which_o rhys_n have_v late_o fortify_v but_o after_o two_o different_a assault_n they_o be_v manful_o beat_v back_o and_o force_v to_o depart_v home_o again_o but_o what_o the_o fleming_n can_v not_o effect_v against_o the_o welsh_a in_o south-wales_n the_o welsh_a easy_o bring_v about_o against_o the_o english_a in_o north-wales_n for_o prince_n owen_n have_v besiege_v basingwerk_n castle_n then_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n without_o much_o time_n spend_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o but_o it_o be_v always_o the_o misfortune_n of_o the_o welsh_a that_o when_o they_o find_v themselves_o secure_a from_o any_o enemy_n abroad_o they_o be_v sure_a to_o quarrel_v and_o fall_v out_o at_o home_n though_o indeed_o it_o can_v not_o be_v well_o otherwise_o expect_v where_o so_o many_o petty_a state_n endeavour_v still_o to_o surmount_v and_o outvie_v one_o another_o and_o now_o when_o all_o thing_n go_v very_o successful_o of_o their_o side_n in_o opposition_n to_o the_o english_a two_o ambitious_a person_n begin_v to_o kindle_v a_o flame_n in_o their_o own_o bosom_n owen_n cyfeilioc_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi maredith_n lord_n of_o powy_n and_o owen_n fychan_n second_o son_n to_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n forcible_o dispossess_v jorwerth_n goch_n of_o his_o estate_n in_o powy_n which_o they_o divide_v betwixt_o themselves_o mochnant_n vwch_v rayadr_n to_o owen_n cyfeilioc_n and_o mochnant_n be_v rayadr_n to_o owen_n fychan_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n can_v not_o brook_v this_o injury_n do_v to_o jorwerth_n goch_n and_o therefore_o a.d._n 1166_o owen_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n with_o his_o brother_n cadwallader_n and_o rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n go_v with_o a_o army_n into_o powy_n against_o owen_n cyfeilioc_n and_o have_v chase_v he_o out_o of_o the_o country_n they_o bestow_v caereneon_n upon_o owen_n fychan_n to_o hold_v it_o of_o prince_n owen_n and_o rhys_n have_v walwern_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o lay_v near_o his_o own_o territory_n but_o within_o a_o while_n after_o owen_n cyfeilioc_n return_v with_o a_o numerous_a band_n of_o norman_n and_o english_a along_o with_o he_o and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o caereneon_n which_o he_o burn_v to_o the_o ground_n but_o the_o loss_n of_o this_o place_n be_v make_v up_o by_o the_o take_n of_o ruthlan_n castle_n which_o owen_n rhys_n and_o cadwallader_n joint_o besiege_v and_o which_o be_v so_o strong_o fortify_v and_o so_o manful_o defend_v that_o it_o cost_v they_o three_o month_n before_o they_o can_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o place_n afterward_o they_o win_v the_o castle_n of_o prestatyn_n and_o reduce_v the_o whole_a country_n of_o tegengl_n subject_n to_o prince_n owen_n and_o then_o return_v home_o to_o their_o respective_a dominion_n and_o from_o henceforward_o nothing_o of_o moment_n be_v transact_v during_o the_o remainder_n of_o prince_n owen_n reign_n a.d._n 1167_o only_a his_o son_n conan_n most_o unmerciful_o slay_v vrgeney_n abbot_n of_o lhwythlawr_n together_o with_o his_o nephew_n lhawthen_n but_o a_o little_a after_o prince_n rhys_n of_o south-wales_n a.d._n 1168_o release_v out_o of_o prison_n his_o nephew_n robert_n son_n to_o stephen_n constable_n who_o as_o be_v say_v before_o he_o have_v take_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o calgarran_n castle_n and_o send_v he_o to_o ireland_n to_o the_o aid_n of_o dermot_n the_o son_n of_o murchart_n king_n of_o linster_n who_o be_v then_o in_o actual_a war_n with_o the_o king_n of_o leimster_n with_o he_o and_o his_o brother_n morris_n fitz-gerald_n and_o their_o nephew_n robert_n meyler_n and_o raymond_n go_v over_o a_o strong_a detachment_n of_o welshman_n under_o the_o command_n of_o richard_n strongbow_n earl_n of_o strigule_n who_o be_v the_o chief_a motive_n of_o the_o conquest_n of_o ireland_n when_o it_o be_v first_o bring_v in_o subjection_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n a.d._n 1169_o but_o the_o next_o year_n owen_n gwynedh_n son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n depart_v this_o life_n in_o the_o two_o and_o thirty_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o be_v a_o wise_a and_o a_o valorous_a prince_n ever_o fortunate_a and_o victorious_a in_o all_o his_o undertake_n insomuch_o as_o he_o never_o undertake_v any_o design_n but_o what_o he_o accomplish_v he_o have_v by_o different_a woman_n several_a issue_n who_o get_v themselves_o great_a esteem_n
by_o their_o valour_n than_o by_o their_o birth_n and_o parentage_n he_o have_v by_o gwladus_n the_o daughter_n of_o lhywarch_n ap_fw-mi trahaern_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n jorwerth_n drwyndwn_n or_o the_o break_a nose_n conan_n maelgon_n and_o gwenlhian_a by_o christian_a the_o daughter_n of_o grono_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n he_o have_v david_n roderic_n cadwalhon_n abbot_n of_o bardsey_n and_o angharad_n afterward_o marry_v to_o gruffydh_n maylor_n he_o have_v by_o other_o woman_n several_a other_o child_n as_o conan_n lhewelyn_n meredith_n edwal_n rhun_n howel_n cadelh_n madawc_n eineon_n cynwric_n philip_n and_o ryrid_a lord_n of_o clochran_n in_o ireland_n of_o these_o run_z lhewelyn_n and_o cynwric_n die_v before_o their_o father_n and_o the_o rest_n will_v be_v mention_v in_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o history_n david_n ap_fw-mi owen_n prince_n owen_n gwynedh_n be_v dead_a the_o succession_n be_v of_o right_a to_o descend_v to_o his_o elder_a legitimate_a son_n jorwerth_n drwyndwn_n otherwise_o call_v edward_n with_o the_o break_a nose_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o that_o blemish_n upon_o his_o face_n he_o be_v lay_v aside_o as_o unfit_a to_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n of_o north-wales_n therefore_o his_o young_a brother_n begin_v every_o one_o to_o aspire_v in_o hope_n of_o succeed_a their_o father_n but_o a.d._n 1170_o howel_n who_o be_v of_o all_o the_o elder_a but_o base_a bear_v beget_v of_o a_o irish_a woman_n find_v they_o can_v not_o agree_v step_v in_o himself_o and_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n but_o david_n who_o be_v legitimate_o bear_v can_v not_o brook_v that_o a_o bastard_n shall_v ascend_v his_o father_n throne_n and_o therefore_o he_o make_v all_o the_o preparation_n possible_a to_o pull_v he_o down_o howel_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v as_o resolute_a to_o maintain_v his_o ground_n and_o be_v not_o willing_a so_o quick_o to_o deliver_v up_o what_o he_o have_v not_o very_o long_o get_v possession_n of_o and_o so_o both_o brother_n meeting_n together_o in_o the_o field_n be_v resolve_v to_o try_v their_o title_n by_o the_o point_n of_o the_o sword_n the_o battle_n have_v not_o last_v long_o but_o howel_n be_v slay_v and_o than_o david_n be_v unanimous_o proclaim_v and_o salute_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n which_o principality_n he_o enjoy_v without_o any_o molestation_n till_o lhewelyn_n jorwerth_n druryndwn_n son_n come_v of_o age_n as_o will_v hereafter_o appear_v but_o madawc_n another_o of_o owen_n gwynedh_n son_n find_v how_o his_o brother_n contend_v for_o the_o principality_n and_o that_o his_o native_a country_n be_v like_a to_o be_v turmoil_v in_o a_o civil_a war_n do_v think_v it_o his_o better_a prudence_n to_o try_v his_o fortune_n abroad_o and_o therefore_o leave_v north-wales_n in_o a_o very_a unsettled_a condition_n sail_v with_o a_o small_a fleet_n of_o ship_n which_o he_o have_v rig_v and_o mane_v for_o that_o purpose_n to_o the_o westward_n and_o leave_v ireland_n upon_o the_o north_n he_o come_v at_o length_n to_o a_o unknown_a country_n where_o most_o thing_n appear_v to_o he_o new_a and_o uncustomary_a and_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o native_n far_o different_a from_o what_o he_o have_v see_v in_o europe_n this_o country_n say_v the_o learned_a h._n lhoyd_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v some_o part_n of_o that_o vast_a tract_n of_o ground_n of_o which_o the_o spaniard_n since_o hanno_fw-la time_n boast_v themselves_o to_o be_v the_o first_o discoverer_n and_o which_o by_o order_n of_o cosmography_n seem_v to_o be_v some_o part_n of_o nova_n hispania_n or_o florida_n whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o this_o country_n be_v discover_v by_o the_o britain_n long_o before_o either_o columbus_n or_o americus_n vesputius_n sail_v thither_o but_o concern_v madawc_n voyage_n to_o this_o country_n and_o afterward_o his_o return_n from_o thence_o there_o be_v many_o fabulous_a story_n and_o idle_a tale_n invent_v by_o the_o vulgar_a who_o be_v sure_o never_o to_o diminish_v from_o what_o they_o hear_v but_o will_v add_v to_o and_o increase_v any_o fable_n as_o far_o as_o their_o invention_n will_v prompt_v they_o however_o say_v the_o same_o author_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o madawc_n arrive_v in_o this_o country_n and_o after_o he_o have_v view_v the_o fertility_n and_o pleasantness_n of_o it_o he_o think_v it_o expedient_a to_o invite_v more_o of_o his_o countryman_n out_o of_o britain_n and_o therefore_o leave_v most_o of_o those_o he_o have_v bring_v with_o he_o already_o behind_o he_o return_v for_o wales_n be_v arrive_v there_o he_o begin_v to_o acquaint_v his_o friend_n with_o what_o a_o fair_a and_o extensive_a land_n he_o have_v meet_v with_o void_a of_o any_o inhabitant_n whilst_o they_o employ_v all_o their_o skill_n to_o supplant_v one_o another_o only_o for_o a_o ragged_a portion_n of_o rock_n and_o mountain_n and_o therefore_o he_o will_v persuade_v they_o to_o change_v their_o present_a state_n of_o danger_n and_o continual_a clashing_n for_o a_o more_o quiet_a be_v of_o ease_n and_o enjoyment_n and_o so_o have_v get_v a_o considerable_a number_n of_o welch_n together_o he_o bid_v his_o final_a adieu_n to_o his_o native_a country_n and_o sail_v with_o ten_o ship_n back_o to_o they_o he_o have_v leave_v behind_o it_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v suppose_v say_v our_o author_n that_o madawc_n and_o his_o people_n inhabit_v part_n of_o that_o country_n since_o call_v florida_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o appear_v from_o francis_n love_v a_o author_n of_o no_o small_a reputation_n that_o in_o acusanus_fw-la and_o other_o place_n the_o people_z honour_a and_o worship_v the_o cross_n whence_o it_o may_v be_v natural_o conclude_v that_o christian_n have_v be_v there_o before_o the_o come_n of_o the_o spaniard_n and_o who_o these_o christian_n may_v be_v unless_o it_o be_v this_o colony_n of_o madawc_n can_v be_v easy_o imagine_v but_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o welsh_a who_o come_v over_o be_v not_o many_o they_o intermix_v in_o a_o few_o year_n with_o the_o native_n of_o the_o country_n and_o so_o follow_v their_o manner_n and_o use_v their_o language_n they_o become_v at_o length_n undistinguishable_a from_o the_o barbarian_n but_o the_o country_n which_o madawc_n land_v in_o be_v by_o the_o learned_a dr._n powel_n suppose_v to_o be_v part_n mexico_n for_o which_o conjecture_n he_o lay_v down_o these_o follow_a reason_n first_o as_o it_o be_v record_v in_o the_o spanish_a chronicle_n of_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o west-indies_n the_o inhabitant_n and_o native_n of_o that_o country_n affirm_v by_o tradition_n that_o their_o ruler_n descend_v from_o a_o strange_a nation_n which_o come_v thither_o from_o a_o strange_a country_n as_o it_o be_v confess_v by_o king_n montezeuma_n in_o a_o speech_n at_o his_o submission_n to_o the_o king_n of_o castille_n before_o hernando_n cortes_n the_o spanish_a general_n and_o then_o the_o british_a word_n and_o name_n of_o place_n use_v in_o that_o country_n even_o at_o this_o day_n do_v undoubted_o argue_v the_o same_o as_o when_o they_o speak_v and_o confabulate_v together_o they_o use_v this_o british_a word_n gwrando_n which_o signify_v to_o hearken_v or_o listen_v and_o a_o certain_a bird_n with_o a_o white_a head_n they_o call_v fengwyn_n which_o signify_v the_o same_o in_o welch_n but_o for_o a_o more_o complete_a confirmation_n of_o this_o the_o island_n of_o corroeso_n the_o cape_n of_o bryton_n the_o river_n of_o gwyndor_n and_o the_o white_a rock_n of_o pengwyn_n which_o be_v all_o british_a word_n do_v manifest_o show_v that_o it_o be_v that_o country_n which_o madawe_n and_o his_o people_n inhabit_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o trouble_n of_o north-wales_n be_v over_o and_o prince_n david_n secure_o settle_v in_o his_o throne_n a.d._n 1171_o the_o storm_n fall_v present_o upon_o powy_n for_o owen_n cyfeilioc_n the_o lord_n of_o that_o country_n have_v always_o as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lay_v oppose_v the_o interest_n and_o advantage_n of_o rhys_n prince_n of_o south_n wales_n upon_o which_o account_n prince_n rhys_n come_v with_o a_o great_a army_n against_o powy_n and_o have_v subdue_v owen_n cyfeilioc_n his_o enemy_n he_o be_v for_o all_o that_o so_o favourable_a to_o he_o that_o upon_o his_o deliver_v he_o pledge_n for_o his_o future_a behaviour_n he_o present_o depart_v out_o of_o powy_n and_o return_v with_o much_o honour_n to_o south_n wales_n and_o now_o all_o the_o state_n of_o britain_n be_v at_o perfect_a rest_n and_o amity_n with_o one_o another_o the_o whole_a tide_n and_o scene_n of_o action_n return_v to_o ireland_n for_o henry_n king_n of_o england_n have_v call_v together_o all_o his_o nobility_n begin_v to_o consult_v about_o the_o irish_a expedition_n which_o have_v already_o be_v determine_v to_o be_v take_v in_o hand_n to_o this_o consultation_n there_o come_v some_o messenger_n from_o richard_n strongbow_n earl_n of_o strigule_a marshal_n of_o england_n to_o deliver_v up_o
companion_n and_o slay_v they_o to_o a_o man._n king_n henry_n be_v implacable_o enrage_v at_o this_o news_n and_o so_o cruel_o incense_v that_o he_o present_o raise_v and_o draw_v together_o all_o his_o power_n and_o come_v to_o worcester_n intend_v to_o march_v forward_o to_o wales_n and_o to_o invade_v the_o enemy_n country_n but_o the_o lord_n rhys_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi a_o subtle_a and_o a_o politic_a prince_n think_v it_o impossible_a to_o withstand_v the_o english_a army_n and_o fear_v the_o king_n puissance_n which_o he_o perceive_v to_o be_v so_o implacable_o bend_v against_o the_o welsh_a go_v in_o person_n to_o worcester_n and_o swear_v fealty_n to_o the_o king_n become_v his_o perpetual_a liegeman_n and_o for_o the_o due_a observance_n of_o this_o contract_n he_o promise_v to_o send_v his_o son_n and_o nephew_n for_o pledge_n but_o when_o he_o will_v have_v persuade_v they_o to_o answer_v his_o request_n the_o young_a man_n consider_v with_o themselves_o how_o former_a pledge_n have_v not_o be_v very_o genteely_a treat_v by_o the_o english_a refuse_v to_o go_v and_o so_o the_o whole_a matter_n rest_v for_o that_o time_n what_o become_v of_o the_o matter_n afterward_o we_o know_v not_o but_o probable_a it_o be_v that_o king_n henry_n return_v to_o england_n satisfy_v with_o rhy_n submission_n for_o we_o hear_v no_o more_o of_o his_o come_n to_o wales_n and_o so_o the_o country_n remain_v quiet_a and_o undisturbed_a for_o a_o long_a time_n till_o at_o length_n the_o welsh_a begin_v to_o fall_v to_o their_o wont_a method_n of_o kill_v and_o murder_v one_o another_o a.d._n 1186_o cadwallader_n prince_n rhy_n son_n be_v private_o murder_v in_o west-wales_n and_o bury_v in_o the_o tie_v gwyn_n and_o the_o year_n follow_v owen_n fychan_n the_o son_n of_o madawe_n a.d._n 1187_o ap_fw-mi meredith_n be_v slay_v by_o night_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o carrergova_n near_o oswestry_n by_o gwenwynwyn_n and_o cadwalhon_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n cyfeilioc_n but_o 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his_o son_n richard_n call_v curdelyon_n be_v by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o peer_n and_o nobility_n of_o england_n crown_v in_o his_o place_n prince_n rhys_n be_v thus_o deprive_v of_o his_o great_a friend_n think_v it_o his_o wise_a way_n to_o make_v the_o best_a provision_n he_o can_v for_o himself_o by_o enlarge_a his_o dominion_n and_o extend_v the_o bound_n of_o his_o present_a territory_n and_o therefore_o have_v raise_v all_o the_o strength_n he_o can_v he_o win_v the_o castle_n of_o seynclere_n abercorran_n and_o lhanstephan_n and_o have_v take_v and_o commit_v to_o prison_n maelgw_v his_o son_n who_o be_v the_o great_a thorn_n in_o his_o side_n as_o one_o that_o be_v most_o passionate_o belove_v by_o the_o south-wales_n man_n he_o bring_v the_o whole_a country_n to_o his_o subjection_n then_o he_o build_v the_o castle_n of_o cydwely_n but_o a.d._n 1190_o what_o take_v away_o from_o he_o the_o joy_n of_o all_o this_o good_a fortune_n he_o lose_v his_o daughter_n gwenlhian_n a_o woman_n of_o such_o incomparable_a beauty_n and_o exceed_v in_o all_o feminine_a qualification_n that_o she_o be_v account_v the_o fair_a and_o best_a accomplish_a lady_n in_o all_o the_o country_n and_o not_o long_o after_o she_o die_v gruffydh_n maylor_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n a.d._n 1191_o a_o man_n of_o great_a prudence_n and_o experience_n and_o one_o that_o excel_v all_o the_o nobility_n of_o his_o time_n in_o hospitality_n and_o all_o other_o act_n of_o generosity_n and_o liberality_n his_o corpse_n be_v carry_v to_o myfod_n and_o honourable_o inter_v there_o be_v attend_v by_o most_o of_o the_o person_n of_o quality_n throughout_o the_o whole_a country_n he_o have_v issue_n by_o his_o wife_n angharad_n daughter_n of_o owen_n gwynedh_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n a_o son_n call_v madawc_n who_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o that_o part_n of_o powy_n call_v from_o he_o powy_n fadawc_n rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n be_v grow_v very_o powerful_a and_o have_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o south-wales_n only_o with_o some_o few_o place_n more_o dynefowr_n hold_v out_o still_o which_o however_o upon_o the_o first_o assault_n he_o make_v against_o it_o be_v deliver_v up_o to_o he_o but_o as_o he_o increase_v 〈◊〉_d â—he_v number_n of_o town_n and_o castle_n he_o have_v the_o misfortune_n to_o have_v that_o of_o his_o child_n diminish_v for_o his_o daughter_n gwenlhian_n be_v late_o decease_v and_o now_o he_o have_v no_o soon_o get_v dynefowr_a castle_n into_o his_o possession_n but_o his_o son_n owen_n die_v at_o strata_n florida_n or_o ystratflur_v king_n richard_n be_v go_v to_o the_o holy_a land_n against_o the_o saracen_n but_o in_o his_o return_n to_o england_n he_o win_v the_o kingdom_n of_o cyprus_n and_o give_v it_o to_o gwido_n king_n of_o jerusalem_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v resign_v his_o former_a title_n to_o he_o during_o his_o stay_n in_o this_o island_n he_o marry_v berengaria_n the_o daughter_n of_o the_o king_n of_o navarr_n a.d._n 1192_o maeâ—gon_n prince_n rhy_n son_n have_v be_v now_o detain_v a_o long_a time_n in_o prison_n where_o his_o father_n have_v shut_v he_o up_o but_o be_v at_o last_o utter_o weary_a of_o such_o a_o close_a confinement_n he_o find_v some_o mean_n or_o other_o to_o get_v out_o and_o to_o make_v his_o escape_n his_o father_n prince_n rhys_n be_v not_o so_o trouble_v at_o his_o be_v break_v out_o and_o that_o he_o have_v get_v his_o liberty_n as_o to_o give_v over_o the_o conquest_n which_o all_o this_o while_n he_o have_v go_v so_o furious_o on_o with_o but_o lay_v siege_n to_o lhanhayaden_a castle_n he_o take_v it_o without_o any_o great_a opposition_n and_o bring_v all_o the_o country_n about_o to_o his_o subjection_n and_o what_o favour_v he_o more_o in_o his_o attempt_n against_o the_o english_a king_n richard_z a.d._n 1193_o have_v most_o brave_o signalise_v himself_o against_o the_o infidel_n in_o his_o return_n home_o through_o austria_n be_v take_v prisoner_n by_o duke_n leopold_n who_o present_v he_o to_o the_o emperor_n henry_n who_o demand_v 200000_o mark_n for_o his_o ransom_n lay_v to_o his_o charge_n that_o he_o have_v spoil_v and_o plunder_v the_o island_n of_o sicily_n in_o his_o voyage_n to_o the_o holy_a land_n and_o as_o rhys_n take_v the_o advantage_n of_o king_n richard_n absence_n to_o subject_n south-wales_n so_o roderic_n brother_n to_o david_n prince_n of_o north_n wales_n make_v use_v of_o gothrike'_v the_o king_n of_o man_n help_n to_o get_v the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n to_o himself_o and_o eject_v his_o brother_n and_o therefore_o enter_v into_o anglâ—sey_n he_o quick_o reduce_v the_o whole_a island_n to_o his_o subjection_n but_o he_o do_v not_o enjoy_v it_o long_o for_o before_o the_o year_n be_v over_o the_o son_n of_o his_o brother_n conan_n come_v with_o a_o army_n against_o he_o and_o force_v he_o together_o with_o the_o
follow_v maelgon_n who_o have_v before_o rout_v his_o brother_n prince_n gruffydh_n army_n and_o take_v he_o prisoner_n begin_v now_o to_o enlarge_v his_o territory_n and_o take_v in_o his_o brother_n castle_n of_o aberteifi_n and_o ystratmeyric_n also_o the_o young_a son_n of_o prince_n rhys_n about_o this_o time_n recover_v the_o castle_n of_o dynefowr_n from_o the_o norman_n the_o same_o summer_n gwenwynwyn_n take_v up_o a_o resolution_n of_o attempt_v to_o extend_v wales_n to_o its_o ancient_a limit_n and_o for_o this_o purpose_n he_o raise_v a_o powerful_a army_n with_o which_o he_o first_o design_n to_o be_v avenge_v of_o william_n de_fw-fr bruce_n for_o the_o inhuman_a death_n of_o his_o cousin_n trahaern_a fychan_n and_o therefore_o he_o besiege_v his_o castle_n of_o payn_n in_o elfel_n where_o he_o make_v a_o protestation_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v take_v it_o for_o a_o far_a satisfaction_n to_o his_o revenge_n he_o will_v unmerciful_o ravage_v the_o whole_a country_n as_o far_o as_o severn_n but_o these_o mighty_a menace_n be_v soon_o blow_v over_o for_o he_o have_v neither_o batter_a engine_n nor_o pioner_n so_o that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o lay_v before_o the_o castle_n for_o three_o week_n without_o effect_v any_o thing_n whereby_o the_o murderer_n have_v time_n enough_o to_o apply_v themselves_o to_o england_n for_o succour_n which_o they_o obtain_v for_o upon_o this_o geoffrey_n fitz-peter_n lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o england_n levy_v a_o considerable_a army_n to_o which_o he_o join_v all_o the_o lord_n marcher_n and_o come_v in_o all_o haste_n to_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o place_n where_o he_o meet_v gwenwynwyn_n with_o who_o before_o he_o will_v hazard_v a_o battle_n he_o be_v desirous_a to_o have_v a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n to_o which_o gwenwynwyn_n and_o his_o adherent_n will_v in_o no_o wise_a hearken_v or_o condescend_v but_o return_v in_o answer_n that_o their_o business_n there_o be_v to_o be_v revenge_v of_o old_a injury_n do_v they_o hereupon_o the_o english_a lord_n resolve_v to_o enlarge_v prince_n gruffydh_n of_o south-wales_n who_o they_o know_v to_o be_v a_o inveterate_a enemy_n of_o gwenwynwyn_n as_o he_o that_o deliver_v he_o up_o to_o their_o hand_n and_o likewise_o to_o be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a authority_n in_o his_o country_n therefore_o they_o right_o conclude_v he_o may_v be_v more_o serviceable_a to_o they_o when_o at_o liberty_n than_o under_o confinement_n wherein_o they_o be_v not_o disappoint_v for_o he_o immediate_o get_v together_o a_o strong_a body_n of_o his_o countryman_n and_o join_v with_o the_o english_a advance_v towards_o the_o castle_n where_o they_o furious_o attack_v gwenwynwyn_n who_o make_v no_o less_o vigorous_a defence_n hereupon_o there_o ensue_v a_o bloody_a battle_n with_o a_o great_a slaughter_n on_o both_o side_n but_o at_o length_n the_o english_a get_v the_o victory_n and_o gwenwynwyn_n lose_v a_o great_a number_n of_o common_a soldier_n if_o we_o 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reconcile_a he_o to_o his_o brother_n and_o make_v he_o so_o apprehensive_a of_o his_o just_a displeasure_n at_o he_o that_o he_o take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n before_o they_o that_o in_o case_n his_o brother_n will_v give_v he_o hostage_n for_o the_o security_n of_o his_o own_o person_n he_o will_v deliver_v he_o up_o his_o castle_n of_o aberteifi_n by_o a_o day_n appoint_v which_o proposal_n prince_n gruffydh_n accept_v of_o and_o according_o send_v he_o his_o demand_n but_o it_o be_v the_o least_o of_o maelgon_n intention_n to_o make_v good_a his_o part_n or_o else_o he_o be_v very_o unconstant_a in_o his_o resolution_n for_o he_o have_v no_o soon_o receive_v the_o hostage_n but_o instead_o of_o deliver_v up_o the_o castle_n he_o fortify_v it_o and_o put_v in_o a_o garrison_n for_o his_o own_o use_n and_o commit_v the_o hostage_n to_o the_o custody_n of_o gwenwynwyn_n prince_n gruffydh_n mortal_a enemy_n but_o not_o long_o after_o their_o innocency_n procure_v they_o a_o opportunity_n of_o a_o escape_n in_o the_o year_n 1199_o maelgon_n still_o pursue_v his_o hatred_n a.d._n 1199_o of_o his_o brother_n prince_n gruffydh_n get_v a_o army_n wherewith_o he_o besiege_v his_o castle_n of_o dynerth_n which_o he_o be_v master_n of_o in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o then_o put_v all_o the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n but_o about_o the_o same_o time_n prince_n gruffydh_n in_o lieu_n of_o this_o win_v the_o castle_n of_o cilgerran_n and_o strong_o fortify_v it_o this_o year_n richard_n the_o first_o of_o england_n as_o he_o be_v besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o chalons_n in_o france_n be_v shoot_v from_o the_o wall_n with_o a_o arrow_n whereof_o he_o not_o long_o after_o dye_v and_o leave_v his_o kingdom_n to_o his_o brother_n john_n who_o thereupon_o be_v with_o great_a solemnity_n crown_v at_o westminster_n but_o he_o can_v not_o expect_v to_o enjoy_v this_o kingdom_n peaceable_o for_o his_o elder_a brother_n geoffry_n plantagenet_n have_v leave_v a_o son_n behind_o he_o name_v arthur_n who_o right_a the_o crown_n of_o england_n be_v by_o lineal_a descent_n which_o now_o therefore_o he_o just_o lay_v claim_v to_o and_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o king_n philip_n of_o france_n who_o espouse_a his_o quarrel_n endeavour_v to_o recover_v but_o before_o prince_n arthur_n have_v make_v sufficient_a preparation_n to_o carry_v on_o his_o design_n he_o be_v unexpected_o set_v upon_o by_o his_o uncle_n his_o army_n rout_v and_o he_o himself_o take_v prisoner_n and_o commit_v to_o safe_a custody_n not_o long_o after_o which_o he_o die_v and_o so_o king_n john_n be_v rid_v of_o his_o competitor_n a.d._n 1200_o the_o follow_a year_n gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi conan_n ap_fw-mi owen_n gwynedh_fw-mi dye_v and_o be_v bury_v in_o a_o monk_n cawl_n in_o the_o abbey_n of_o conway_n which_o way_n of_o bury_v be_v very_o much_o practise_v especial_o by_o the_o better_a sort_n in_o those_o day_n for_o the_o monk_n and_o friar_n have_v delude_v the_o people_n into_o a_o strong_a conceit_n of_o the_o merit_n of_o it_o and_o have_v firm_o persuade_v they_o it_o be_v high_o conduce_v to_o their_o future_a happiness_n to_o be_v thus_o inter_v but_o this_o superstition_n together_o with_o the_o propagator_n of_o it_o they_o have_v late_o receive_v from_o england_n for_o the_o first_o abbey_n or_o monastery_n we_o read_v of_o in_o wales_n since_o the_o destruction_n of_o that_o famous_a house_n of_o bangor_n which_o favour_v of_o romish_a dregs_o be_v the_o ty-gwyn_n build_v in_o the_o year_n 1146._o after_o which_o they_o mighty_o increase_v and_o spread_v over_o all_o the_o country_n and_o now_o the_o fountain_n head_n begin_v to_o be_v corrupt_v for_o the_o clergy_n maintain_v a_o doctrine_n which_o their_o ancestor_n abhor_v as_o may_v easy_o be_v gather_v from_o the_o write_n of_o that_o worthy_a divine_a ambrose_n telesinus_n who_o flourish_v in_o the_o year_n 540._o when_v the_o christian_a faith_n which_o we_o suppose_v to_o be_v deliver_v at_o the_o isle_n of_o afalon_n by_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n flow_v in_o this_o land_n in_o a_o pure_a and_o uncorrupted_a stream_n before_o it_o be_v infect_v and_o pollute_v by_o that_o proud_a and_o bloodthirsty_a monk_n augustine_n i_o say_v he_o then_o write_v and_o leave_v behind_o he_o as_o his_o own_o opinion_n and_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o day_n these_o follow_a verse_n gwae'r_o offeiriad_v bid_v nys_n angreifftia_fw-la gwyd_fw-la ac_fw-la ny_fw-fr phregetha_fw-mi gwae_fw-la ny_fw-fr cheidw_n ei_fw-la gail_n ac_fw-la of_o yn_a figail_n ac_fw-la ny_n areilia_fw-la gwae_fw-la ni_fw-fr cheidw_n ei_fw-la dhefaid_fw-la rhae_fw-la bleidhie_a rhufeniaid_n a'i_fw-fr ffon_n gnwppa_fw-la from_o whence_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n be_v then_o corrupt_a and_o that_o the_o british_a church_n persevere_v in_o the_o primitive_a and_o true_o apostolical_a profession_n of_o christianity_n as_o it_o be_v at_o first_o plant_v in_o the_o island_n and_o that_o no_o roman_a innovation_n have_v creep_v in_o
do_v not_o last_v long_o the_o english_a governor_n in_o the_o march_n and_o inland_n â—_z of_o wales_n presume_v upon_o the_o prince_n submission_n to_o the_o king_n grievous_o oppress_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n with_o new_a and_o unheard_a of_o 〈◊〉_d action_n and_o with_o intolerable_a partiality_n open_o encourage_v the_o english_a to_o defraud_v and_o oppress_v tâ—â—_n welch_n these_o insupportable_a practice_n move_v tâ—â—_n welch_n to_o go_v in_o a_o body_n to_o david_n lord_n of_o denbigâ—_n to_o endeavour_v a_o reconciliation_n between_o he_o and_o 〈◊〉_d brother_n the_o prince_n that_o they_o both_o be_v at_o unity_n may_v easy_o deliver_v themselves_o and_o their_o country_n from_o the_o unmerciful_a tyranny_n of_o the_o english_a david_n be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o the_o misery_n of_o his_o countryman_n a.d._n 1281_o and_o therefore_o glad_o submit_v to_o be_v reconcile_v to_o his_o brother_n with_o promise_n never_o to_o side_n again_o with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o to_o become_v his_o 〈◊〉_d enemy_n this_o happy_a union_n be_v thus_o effect_v david_n be_v choose_v general_n of_o the_o army_n with_o which_o he_o present_o march_v to_o hawarden_n and_o surprise_v the_o castle_n slay_v all_o that_o oppose_v he_o and_o take_v rogeâ—_n clifford_n prisoner_n who_o have_v be_v send_v by_o king_n edward_n justitiar_n into_o those_o part_n from_o thence_o be_v join_v by_o the_o prince_n he_o pass_v to_o ruthlan_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n but_o upon_o notice_n give_v that_o the_o king_n be_v march_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n he_o think_v convenient_a to_o withdraw_v and_o to_o retire_v back_o at_o the_o same_o time_n rhys_n ap_fw-mi maelgon_n and_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n with_o other_o lord_n of_o south-wales_n take_v from_o the_o english_a the_o castle_n of_o aberystwyth_n with_o divers_a other_o in_o that_o country_n and_o spoil_v all_o the_o people_n thereabouts_o who_o own_a subjection_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n john_n peckham_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n perceive_v how_o matter_n be_v like_a to_o proceed_v between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o prince_n and_o how_o the_o kingdom_n be_v effectual_o involve_v in_o a_o war_n of_o his_o own_o proper_a motion_n come_v to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n to_o endeavour_v a_o re-submission_n from_o he_o and_o his_o brother_n david_n to_o king_n edward_n and_o so_o to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o any_o far_a hostility_n but_o he_o send_v beforehand_o to_o the_o prince_n and_o people_n of_o wales_n intimate_v to_o they_o that_o for_o the_o love_n he_o bear_v to_o the_o welsh_a nation_n he_o undertake_v this_o arbitration_n without_o the_o knowledge_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o king_n be_v like_n and_o therefore_o earnest_o desire_v that_o they_o will_v submit_v to_o a_o peace_n with_o the_o english_a which_o himself_o will_v endeavour_v to_o bring_v to_o pass_v and_o because_o he_o can_v make_v no_o long_a continuance_n in_o those_o part_n he_o wish_v they_o to_o consider_v how_o that_o if_o he_o shall_v be_v force_v to_o depart_v before_o any_o thing_n be_v bring_v to_o a_o conclusion_n they_o can_v hardly_o find_v another_o who_o will_v so_o hearty_o espouse_v their_o cause_n and_o far_o threaten_v that_o in_o case_n they_o contemn_v and_o deride_v his_o endeavour_n he_o will_v not_o only_o instigate_v the_o english_a army_n now_o great_o strengthen_v and_o increase_v to_o fall_v upon_o they_o but_o also_o signify_v their_o stubbornness_n to_o the_o court_n and_o bishop_n of_o rome_n who_o esteem_v and_o honour_a england_n beyond_o any_o other_o kingdom_n in_o the_o world_n moreover_o he_o much_o lament_v to_o hear_v of_o the_o excessive_a cruelty_n of_o the_o welsh_a even_o beyond_o that_o of_o the_o saracen_n and_o other_o infidel_n who_o never_o refuse_v to_o permit_v slave_n and_o captive_n to_o be_v ransom_v which_o the_o welsh_a be_v so_o far_o from_o practise_v that_o even_o 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return_v a_o answer_n that_o he_o humble_o thank_v his_o grace_n for_o the_o pain_n and_o trouble_v he_o undertake_v in_o his_o and_o his_o subject_n behalf_n and_o more_o particular_o because_o he_o will_v venture_v to_o come_v to_o wales_n contrary_a to_o the_o pleasure_n and_o good_a like_n of_o the_o king_n and_o as_o for_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o he_o he_o will_v not_o have_v his_o grace_n be_v ignorant_a that_o with_o all_o readiness_n he_o be_v willing_a to_o submit_v to_o it_o upon_o condition_n that_o the_o king_n will_v due_o and_o sincere_o observe_v the_o same_o and_o though_o he_o will_v be_v glad_a of_o his_o long_a a.d._n 1201_o continuance_n in_o wales_n yet_o he_o hope_v that_o no_o obstruction_n will_v happen_v of_o his_o side_n why_o a_o peace_n which_o of_o all_o thing_n he_o most_o desire_a may_v not_o be_v forthwith_o conclude_v and_o rather_o by_o his_o grace_n procure_v than_o any_o other_o so_o that_o there_o will_v be_v no_o far_o need_v of_o acquaint_v the_o pope_n with_o his_o obstinacy_n nor_o move_v the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o use_v any_o force_n against_o he_o and_o though_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n be_v under_o the_o immediate_a protection_n of_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n yet_o when_o his_o holiness_n come_v to_o understand_v of_o the_o great_a and_o unsufferable_a wrong_n do_v to_o he_o by_o the_o english_a how_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n be_v break_v church_n and_o all_o other_o religious_a house_n in_o wales_n be_v burn_v down_o and_o destroy_v and_o religious_a person_n unchristian_o murder_v he_o hope_v he_o will_v rather_o pity_v and_o lament_v his_o condition_n than_o with_o addition_n of_o punishment_n increase_v and_o augment_v his_o sorrow_n neither_o shall_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n be_v any_o wise_a disquiet_v and_o molest_v by_o his_o mean_n in_o case_n the_o peace_n be_v religious_o observe_v towards_o he_o and_o his_o subject_n but_o who_o they_o be_v that_o delight_n themselves_o with_o war_n and_o bloodshed_n manifest_o appear_v by_o their_o action_n and_o behaviour_n the_o weâ—ch_n be_v glad_a to_o live_v quiet_o upon_o their_o own_o if_o they_o may_v be_v permit_v by_o the_o english_a who_o come_v to_o the_o country_n utter_o destroy_v whatever_o come_v in_o their_o way_n without_o regard_n either_o to_o sex_n age_n or_o religious_a place_n but_o he_o be_v extreme_a sorry_a that_o any_o one_o shall_v be_v slay_v have_v pay_v his_o râ—â—â—â—â—_n the_o author_n of_o which_o unworthy_a action_n he_o do_v not_o pretend_v to_o maintain_v but_o will_v inflict_v upon_o he_o his_o condign_a punishment_n in_o case_n he_o can_v be_v get_v out_o of_o the_o wood_n and_o desert_n where_o as_o a_o outlaw_n â—he_n live_v undiscovered_a but_o as_o to_o commence_v a_o war_n in_o a_o season_n inconvenient_a he_o protest_v he_o know_v nothing_o of_o that_o till_o now_o yet_o those_o that_o do_v so_o do_v solemn_o attest_v that_o to_o be_v the_o only_a measure_n they_o have_v to_o save_v themselves_o and_o that_o they_o have_v no_o other_o security_n for_o their_o life_n and_o fortune_n than_o to_o keep_v themselves_o in_o arms._n concern_v his_o sin_n and_o trespass_n against_o god_n with_o the_o assistance_n of_o his_o grace_n he_o will_v endeavour_v to_o repent_v of_o neither_o shall_v the_o war_n be_v willing_o continue_v by_o he_o in_o case_n he_o may_v save_v himself_o harmless_a but_o before_o he_o will_v be_v unjust_o dispossess_v of_o his_o legal_a propriety_n he_o think_v it_o but_o reasonable_a by_o all_o possible_a measure_n to_o defend_v himself_o and_o he_o be_v very_o willing_a upon_o due_a examination_n of_o the_o trespass_n commit_v to_o make_v satisfaction_n and_o retribution_n of_o all_o wrong_n commit_v by_o he_o and_o his_o subject_n so_o that_o the_o english_a will_v observe_v the_o same_o of_o their_o side_n and_o likewise_o be_v ready_a to_o conclude_v a_o peace_n which_o he_o think_v be_v impossible_a
to_o be_v establish_v as_o long_o as_o the_o english_a have_v no_o regard_n to_o article_n and_o still_o oppress_v his_o people_n with_o new_a and_o unwarrantable_a exaction_n therefore_o see_v his_o subject_n be_v unchristian_o abuse_v by_o the_o king_n officer_n and_o all_o his_o country_n most_o tyrannical_o harass_v he_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o english_a upon_o any_o fault_n of_o his_o side_n shall_v threaten_v to_o bring_v a_o formidable_a army_n to_o his_o country_n nor_o the_o church_n pretend_v to_o censure_v he_o see_v also_o he_o be_v very_o willing_a upon_o the_o aforesaid_a condition_n to_o submit_v to_o a_o peace_n and_o last_o he_o desire_v his_o grace_n that_o he_o will_v not_o give_v the_o more_o credit_n to_o his_o enemy_n because_o they_o be_v near_o his_o person_n and_o can_v deliver_v their_o complaint_n frequent_o and_o by_o word_n of_o mouth_n for_o they_o who_o make_v no_o conscience_n of_o oppress_v will_v not_o in_o all_o probability_n stick_v to_o defame_v and_o make_v false_a accusation_n and_o therefore_o his_o grace_n will_v make_v a_o better_a estimation_n of_o the_o whole_a matter_n by_o examine_v their_o action_n rather_o than_o believe_v their_o word_n prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v to_o this_o purpose_n reply_v in_o general_a to_o the_o archbishop_n article_n present_v he_o with_o a_o copy_n of_o the_o several_a grievance_n which_o himself_o and_o other_o of_o his_o subject_n have_v wrongful_o and_o unjust_o receive_v at_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o english_a and_o these_o though_o somewhat_o tedious_a be_v think_v necessary_a to_o be_v particular_o insert_v in_o the_o appendix_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o demonstrable_o vindicate_v the_o welsh_a nation_n from_o the_o unreasonable_a aspersion_n which_o the_o english_a of_o these_o time_n cast_v upon_o it_o for_o the_o breach_n of_o peace_n and_o the_o occasion_n of_o those_o dismal_a disturbance_n in_o the_o kingdom_n be_v by_o the_o english_a writer_n of_o those_o time_n whole_o attribute_v to_o the_o restless_a and_o rebellious_a humour_n and_o unconstant_a temper_n of_o the_o welch_n whereas_o have_v they_o look_v at_o home_n they_o may_v have_v find_v the_o original_a of_o all_o these_o trouble_n to_o have_v proceed_v from_o the_o intolerable_a extortion_n and_o insupportable_a oppression_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n for_o whoever_o consider_v these_o unmerciful_a grievance_n and_o the_o manifold_a wrong_n the_o welch_a endure_v it_o can_v in_o reason_n be_v expect_v but_o that_o they_o will_v endeavour_v to_o vindicate_v themselves_o and_o repel_v force_n by_o force_n for_o have_v the_o english_a the_o liberty_n of_o dispossess_v they_o wrongful_o of_o their_o proper_a inheritance_n and_o estate_n and_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o the_o welsh_a to_o endeavour_v the_o defend_n and_o keep_v their_o own_o and_o must_v they_o be_v reckon_v disobedient_a and_o promoter_n of_o sedition_n upon_o the_o account_n that_o they_o will_v not_o be_v trample_v under_o and_o enslave_v by_o the_o english_a these_o measure_n be_v too_o hard_a and_o intolerable_a and_o scarce_o allowable_a in_o a_o infidel_n nation_n to_o oppress_v and_o what_o in_o they_o lay_v eradicate_v a_o people_n for_o no_o other_o reason_n than_o because_o they_o be_v weak_a and_o more_o helpless_a than_o themselves_o and_o then_o what_o be_v worse_o to_o accuse_v they_o of_o be_v author_n of_o sedition_n because_o they_o will_v not_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v peaceable_o enslave_v but_o endeavour_v to_o vindicate_v their_o right_n by_o main_a force_n but_o it_o be_v high_o probable_a that_o king_n edward_n have_v no_o inclination_n to_o observe_v what_o article_n of_o agreement_n soever_o be_v conclude_v upon_o and_o therefore_o encourage_v his_o deputy_n in_o the_o march_n and_o inland_n country_n of_o wales_n in_o all_o their_o oppression_n and_o sinistrous_a deal_n towards_o the_o welsh_a this_o be_v the_o best_a method_n and_o the_o most_o expedient_a mean_n to_o reduce_v the_o country_n of_o wales_n to_o subjection_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n which_o the_o king_n have_v long_o ago_o intentional_o effect_v and_o to_o accuse_v the_o welsh_a of_o not_o observe_v the_o condition_n of_o peace_n be_v a_o specious_a pretence_n to_o bring_v that_o actual_o to_o pass_v and_o to_o lead_v a_o army_n into_o the_o country_n but_o whaever_o the_o english_a may_v pretend_v it_o be_v evident_a the_o welsh_a have_v the_o great_a occasion_n to_o complain_v appendix_n see_v the_o appendix_n as_o appear_v from_o the_o grievance_n commit_v as_o well_o against_o the_o prince_n himself_o as_o other_o of_o his_o subject_n the_o archbishop_n have_v read_v over_o these_o grievance_n and_o find_v the_o welsh_a to_o be_v upon_o good_a reason_n guiltless_a of_o that_o severe_a character_n which_o by_o the_o malicious_a insinuation_n of_o the_o english_a he_o have_v conceive_v of_o they_o go_v to_o king_n edward_n request_v he_o to_o take_v into_o consideration_n the_o unjust_a wrong_n and_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o welsh_a which_o if_o he_o will_v not_o redress_v at_o least_o he_o may_v excuse_v they_o from_o any_o breach_n of_o obedience_n to_o he_o see_v they_o have_v so_o just_a a_o reason_n for_o what_o they_o do_v the_o king_n reply_v that_o he_o willing_o forgive_v they_o and_o will_v make_v reasonable_a satisfaction_n for_o any_o wrong_n do_v so_o that_o they_o have_v free_a access_n to_o declare_v their_o greivance_n before_o he_o and_o then_o may_v safe_o depart_v in_o case_n it_o will_v appear_v just_a and_o lawful_a they_o shall_v the_o archbishop_n upon_o this_o think_v he_o have_v obtain_v his_o purpose_n and_o therefore_o without_o any_o stay_n post_v it_o to_o snowden_n where_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o brother_n david_n reside_v and_o have_v acquaint_v they_o with_o the_o king_n mind_n earnest_o desire_v that_o they_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o wales_n will_v submit_v themselves_o 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honourable_o prepare_v for_o his_o journey_n with_o
to_o the_o king_n hand_n the_o city_n of_o dublyn_n the_o town_n of_o waterford_n with_o all_o such_o town_n and_o castle_n as_o he_o get_v in_o right_n of_o his_o wife_n whereupon_o the_o king_n restore_v to_o he_o all_o his_o land_n both_o in_o england_n and_o normandy_n and_o create_v he_o lord_n steward_n of_o ireland_n for_o this_o earl_n of_o strigule_n have_v late_o without_o the_o king_n permission_n go_v over_o to_o ireland_n and_o have_v marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o dermott_n king_n of_o dublyn_n which_o king_n henry_n take_v in_o such_o a_o indignation_n that_o he_o present_o seize_v upon_o all_o his_o land_n in_o england_n and_o normandy_n therefore_o the_o king_n have_v now_o some_o foot_n in_o ireland_n the_o expedition_n be_v unanimous_o conclude_v upon_o and_o so_o the_o king_n set_v upon_o his_o journey_n and_o come_v towards_o wales_n he_o be_v receive_v by_o prince_n rhys_n who_o submission_n the_o king_n like_v so_o well_o that_o he_o present_o confirm_v to_o he_o 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together_o all_o the_o force_n they_o be_v able_a upon_o the_o king_n departure_n they_o enter_v the_o country_n and_o commit_v all_o the_o waste_n and_o destruction_n as_o they_o come_v along_o they_o at_o last_o come_v before_o caerlheon_n which_o when_o they_o take_v they_o use_v in_o the_o like_a manner_n spoil_v and_o destroy_v whatever_o they_o can_v meet_v with_o so_o that_o nothing_o escape_v their_o fury_n except_v the_o castle_n which_o they_o can_v not_o win_v the_o king_n be_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n upon_o his_o journey_n to_o pembroke_n where_o be_v accompany_v by_o prince_n rhys_n he_o give_v he_o a_o grant_n of_o all_o cardigan_n ystratywy_n arust_o and_o eluel_n in_o recompense_n of_o all_o the_o civility_n and_o honour_n he_o pay_v he_o and_o so_o rhys_n return_v to_o aberteifi_n a_o town_n he_o have_v late_o win_v from_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o there_o have_v prepare_v his_o present_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o october_n he_o return_v again_o to_o pembrock_n have_v order_v eighty_o six_o horse_n to_o follow_v he_o which_o be_v present_v to_o the_o king_n he_o accept_v of_o thirty_o six_o of_o the_o choice_a and_o return_v the_o rest_n with_o great_a thanks_o the_o same_o day_n king_n henry_n go_v to_o s._n david_n and_o after_o he_o have_v offer_v to_o the_o memory_n of_o that_o saint_n he_o dine_v with_o the_o bishop_n who_o be_v the_o son_n of_o gerald_n cousin-german_a to_o rhys_n whither_o richard_n strongbow_n earl_n of_o strygile_n come_v from_o ireland_n to_o confer_v with_o the_o king_n within_o a_o while_n after_o king_n henry_n be_v entertain_v by_o rhys_n at_o the_o white-house_n restore_v to_o he_o his_o son_n howel_n who_o have_v be_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n detain_v as_o a_o pledge_n and_o appoint_v he_o a_o certain_a day_n for_o payment_n of_o his_o tribute_n at_o which_o time_n all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o pledge_n shall_v be_v set_v at_o liberty_n the_o day_n follow_v be_v the_o next_o after_o the_o feast_n of_o s._n luke_n the_o king_n go_v on_o board_n and_o the_o wind_n blow_v very_o favourable_o set_v sail_n for_o ireland_n and_o be_v safe_o arrive_v upon_o those_o coast_n he_o land_v at_o dublyn_n where_o he_o rest_v for_o that_o whole_a winter_n in_o order_n to_o make_v great_a preparation_n against_o the_o follow_a campaign_n but_o the_o change_n of_o the_o air_n and_o climate_n occasion_v such_o a_o rage_a distemper_n and_o infection_n among_o the_o soldier_n that_o to_o prevent_v the_o perish_a of_o his_o whole_a army_n a.d._n 1172_o the_o king_n be_v force_v to_o return_v with_o what_o speed_n he_o can_v back_o for_o england_n and_o so_o have_v ship_v off_o all_o his_o army_n and_o effect_n he_o loose_v anchor_n and_o land_v in_o wales_n in_o the_o passion_n week_n next_o year_n and_o come_v to_o pembrock_n he_o stay_v there_o on_o easter-day_n and_o then_o proceed_v upon_o his_o journey_n towards_o england_n rhys_n hear_v of_o the_o king_n return_n be_v very_o officious_a to_o pay_v he_o his_o devotion_n and_o will_v glad_o feign_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o who_o shall_v welcome_v he_o over_o and_o so_o meet_v with_o he_o at_o talacharn_n he_o express_v all_o the_o ceremony_n of_o duty_n and_o allegiance_n then_o the_o king_n pass_v on_o and_o as_o he_o come_v from_o caerdyf_n by_o the_o new_a castle_n upon_o vsk_n mean_v to_o leave_n wales_n in_o a_o peaceable_a condition_n he_o send_v for_o jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n who_o be_v the_o only_a person_n in_o open_a enmity_n against_o he_o and_o that_o upon_o very_o just_a ground_n will_v he_o to_o come_v and_o treat_v about_o a_o peace_n and_o assure_v he_o of_o a_o safe_a conduct_n for_o himself_o his_o son_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o associate_n jorwerth_n be_v willing_a to_o accept_v of_o the_o proposal_n and_o thereupon_o set_v forward_o to_o meet_v the_o king_n have_v send_v a_o express_a to_o his_o son_n owen_n a_o valorous_a young_a gentleman_n to_o meet_v he_o by_o the_o way_n owen_n according_a to_o his_o father_n order_n set_v forward_o on_o his_o journey_n with_o a_o small_a retinue_n without_o any_o thing_n of_o arm_n or_o weapon_n of_o war_n as_o think_v it_o folly_n to_o clog_v himself_o with_o such_o needless_a carriage_n when_o the_o king_n have_v promise_v a_o safe_a conduct_n but_o he_o do_v not_o find_v it_o so_o safe_a for_o as_o he_o pass_v the_o new_a castle_n upon_o vske_n the_o earl_n of_o bristol_n man_n who_o be_v garrison_v therein_o lay_v in_o wait_n for_o he_o as_o he_o come_v along_o and_o set_v cowardly_a upon_o he_o slay_v he_o with_o most_o of_o his_o company_n but_o some_o few_o escape_v to_o acquaint_v his_o father_n jorwerth_n of_o such_o a_o treacherous_a action_n who_o hear_v that_o his_o son_n be_v so_o base_o murder_v contrary_a to_o the_o king_n be_v absolute_a promise_n of_o a_o safe_a passage_n without_o any_o far_a consultation_n about_o the_o matter_n present_o return_v home_o with_o howel_n his_o son_n and_o all_o his_o friend_n and_o will_v no_o long_o put_v any_o trust_n or_o confidence_n in_o any_o thing_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n or_o any_o of_o his_o subject_n promise_v to_o do_v but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n to_o avenge_v the_o death_n of_o his_o son_n who_o be_v so_o cowardly_o cut_v off_o he_o present_o raise_v all_o the_o force_n that_o himself_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o friend_n be_v able_a to_o do_v and_o so_o enter_v into_o england_n he_o destroy_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n all_o the_o country_n to_o the_o gate_n of_o hereford_n and_o gloucester_n but_o the_o king_n be_v so_o intent_n upon_o his_o return_n that_o he_o seem_v to_o take_v no_o great_a notice_n of_o what_o jorwerth_n be_v do_v and_o therefore_o have_v by_o commission_n constitute_v lord_n rhys_n chief_a justice_n of_o all_o south-wales_n he_o forthwith_o take_v his_o journey_n to_o normandy_n about_o this_o time_n die_v cadwallader_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n sometime_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n who_o by_o his_o wife_n alice_z the_o daughter_n of_o richard_n clare_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n have_v issue_n cunetha_n radulph_n and_o richard_n and_o by_o other_o woman_n cadfan_n cadwallader_n eineon_n meredith_n goch_n and_o cadwalhon_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o this_o year_n sitsylht_fw-mi ap_fw-mi dyfnwal_n and_o jefan_n ap_fw-mi sitsylht_fw-mi ap_fw-mi riryd_n surprise_v the_o castle_n of_o abergavenny_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o they_o take_v the_o whole_a garrison_n prisoner_n a.d._n 1173_o but_o the_o follow_a year_n there_o happen_v a_o very_a great_a difference_n and_o a_o fall_v out_o betwixt_o king_n henry_n and_o his_o son_n of_o the_o same_o name_n this_o latter_a be_v uphold_v by_o