Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	crown_n	king_n	richard_n	3,753	5	8.8517	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A17539	Of Englishe dogges the diuersities, the names, the natures, and the properties. A short treatise written in latine by Iohannes Caius of late memorie, Doctor of Phisicke in the Vniuersitie of Cambridge; and newly drawne into Englishe by Abraham Fleming student. Seene and allowed.; De canibus Britannicis. Part 1. English	Caius, John, 1510-1573.; Fleming, Abraham, 1552?-1607.	1576 (1576)	STC 4347; ESTC S113247	32,086	62

to bée as it were naturally distilled and powred into these kinde of Dogges For they wyll not pause or breath from their pursute vntill such tyme as they bée apprehended and taken which committed the facte The owners of such houndes vse to kéepe them in close and darke channells in the day time and let them lose at liberty in the night season to th' intent that they myght with more courage and boldnesse practise to follow the fellon in the euening and solitarie houres of darkenesse when such yll disposed varlots are principally purposed to play theyr impudent pageants imprudent pranckes These houndes vpon whom this present portion of our treatise runneth when they are to follow such fellowes as we haue before rehersed vse not that liberty to raunge at wil which they haue otherwise when they are in game except vpon necessary occasion wheron dependeth an vrgent and effectuall perswasion when such purloy●●●s make spéedy way in slight● but beyng restrained and dr●wne backe from running at randon with the leasse the ende whereof the owner holding in his hand is led guyded and directed with such swiftnesse and slownesse whether he go on foote or whether be ryde on horsebacke as he himselfe in hart would wishe for the more easie apprehension of these venturous varlots In the borders of England Scotland the often and accustomed stealing of cattell so procuring these kinde of Dogges are very much vsed and they are taught and trayned vp first of all to hunt cattell as well of the smaller as of the greater grouth and afterwardes that qualitie relinquished and lefte they are learned to pursue such pestilent persons as plant theyr pleasure in such practises of purloyning as we haue already declared Of this kinde there is none that taketh the water naturally except it please you so to suppose of them whych follow the Otter which sometimes haunte the lande and sometime vseth the water And yet neuerthelesse all the kind of them boyling and broyling with gréedy desire of the pray which by swymming passeth through ryuer and flood plung amyds the water and passe the streame with their pawes● But this propertie procéedeth from an earnest desire wherwith they be inflamed rather then from any inclination issuyng from the ordinance and appoyntment of nature And albeit some of this sort in English be called Brache in Scottishe Rache the cause hereof resteth in the shée sex and not in the generall kinde For we English men call bytches belonging to the hunting kinde of Dogges by the tearme aboue mentioned To bée short it is proper to the nature of ho●nors some to kéepe silence in hunting vntill such tyme as there is 〈◊〉 offered Othersome so 〈◊〉 as they smell out the place where the beast ●urck●th so bewray it immediatly by their importunate barcking notwithstanding it be farre at many furlungs cowchyng close in his cabbyn And these Dogges the younger they be the more wantonly barke they and the more liberally yet oftimes without necessitie so that in them by reason of theyr young yeares and want of practise small certaintie is to be reposed For continaunce of tyme and experience in game ministreth to these houndes not onely cunning in running but also as in the rest an assured foresight what is to bee done principally being acquainted with their masters watch wordes eyther in reuoking ● imboldening them to serue the game Of the Dogge called the Gasehounde in Latine Agasaeus THis kinde of Dogge which pursueth by the eye preuayleth little or neuer a whit by any benefite of the nose that is by smelling but excelleth in perspicuitie and sharpenesse of sight altogether by the vertue whereof being singuler and notable it hunteth the Foxe and in the Hare Thys Dogge will ●h●e●e and seperate any beast from among a great flocke or hea●de and such a one will it take by election as is not lancke leane and hollow but well spred smoothe full fatte and round it followes by the direction of the eye-sight which in déede is cléere constant and not vncertaine if a beast be wounded and gone all ●ay this Dogge ●eeketh after it by the stedfastnes of the eye if it chaunce peraduenture to returne bée mingled with the residue of the flocke this Dogge spyeth it out by the vertue of his eye leauing the rest of the cattell vntouched and after he hath set sure sight vpō it he seperateth it from among the company and hauing so done neuer ceaseth vntill he haue wearyed the Beast to death Our countrey men call this dogge Agasaeum A gasehounde because the beames of his sight are so stedfastly setled and vnmoueably fastened These Dogges are much and vsually occupyed in the Northern partes of England more then in the Southern parts in ●caldy landes rather then in bushy and woody places horsemen vse them more then footemen to th' intent that they might prouoke their horses to a swift galloppe wherwith they are more delighted then with the pray it selfe and that they myght accustome theyr horse to leape ouer hedges ditches without stoppe or stumble without harme or hassard without doubt or daunger and so escape with safegard of lyfe And to the ende that the ryders themselues when necessitie so constrained and the feare of further mischiefe inforced myght saue themselues vndamnifyed and preuent each perilous tempest by preparing speedy flight or else by swift pursute made vpon theyr enimyes myght both ouertake them encounter with them and make a slaughter of them accordingly But if it fortune so at any time that this Dogge take a wrong way the master making some vsuall signe and familiar token he returneth forthwith and taketh the right and ready trace beginning his chase a fresh with a cleare voyce and a swift foote followeth the game with as much courage and nimblenesse as he he did at the first Of the Dogge called the Grehounde in Latine Leporarius THere is another kinde of Dogge which for his incredible swiftnesse is called Leporarius a Grehounde because the principall seruice of them dependeth and consisteth in starting and hunting the hare which Dogges likewyse are indued with no lesse strength then lightnes in maintenance of the game in seruing the chase in taking the Bucke the Harte the Dowe the Foxe and other beastes of semblable kinde ordained for the game of hunting But more or lesse each one according to the measure and proportion of theyr desire and as might and habilitie of theyr bodyes will permit and suffer For it is a spare and bare kinde of Dogge of fleshe but not of bone some are of a greater sorte and some of a lesser some are smooth skynned some are curled the bigger therfore are appoynted to hunt the bigger beasts the smaller serue to hunt the smaller accordingly The nature of these dogges I finde to be wonderful by the testimoniall of histories For as Iohn Froisart the Historyographer in his 4. lib. reporteth A Grehound of King Richard the second that wore the Crowne and bare the Scepter of the Realme of England neuer knowing any man beside the kings person whē Henry Duke of Lancaster came to the castle of Flinte to take King Richarde The

replenished and whē they haue fed themselues full of fleshe then returne they to the water from whence they came But albeit so much be graunted that this Beauer is a dogge yet it is to be noted that we recken it not in the beadrowe of Englishe dogges as we haue done the rest The sea Calfe in like maner which our country mē for brenitie sake call a Séele other more largely name a Sea Vele maketh a spoyle of fishes betwéene rockes and banckes but it is not accounted in the catalogue or nūber of our Englishe dogges notwithstanding we call it by the name of a Sea dogge or a sea Calfe And thus much for our dogges of the second sort called in Latine Aucupatorij seruing to take fowle either by land or water ¶ A Diall pertaining to the second Section Dogges seruing the disport of fowling● are diuided into Land spaniele Setters called in latine Canes Aucupatorij Water spaniels or finders called in latine Canes Aucupatorij The fisher is not of their number but seuerall The thirde Section of this abridgement NOwe followeth in due order and conuenient place our Englishe Dogges of the thirde gentle kinde what they are called to what vse they serue and what sort of people plant their pleasure in thē which because they néede no curious canuastings and nye syfting wee meane to bee so much the briefer Of the delicate neate and pretty kind of dogges called the Spaniel gentle or the comforter in Latine Melitaeus or Fotor THere is besides those which wée haue already deliuered another sort of gentle dogges in this our Englishe soyle but exempted from the order of the residue the Dogges of this kinde doth Callimachus call Melitaeos of the Iseland Melita in the sea of Sicily which at this day is named Malta an Iseland in deede famous and reno●med with couragious aud puisaunt souldiours valliauntly lighting vnder the banner of Christ their vnconquerable captain● where this kind of dogges had their principall beginning These dogges are litle pre●ty proper and fyne and sought for to satisfie the delicatenesse of daintie dames and wanton womens wills instrumentes of folly for them to play and dally withall to try●●e away the treasure of time to withdraw their mindes from more commendable exercises and to content their corrupted concupiscences with vaine disport A selly shift to shunne yrcksome ydlnesse These puppies the smaller they be the more pleasure they prouoke as more méete play fellowes for minsing mistrisses to beare in their bosoms to kéepe company withal in their chambers to succour with sléepe in bed and nourishe with meate at bourde to lay in their lappes and licke their lippes as they ryde in their waggons and good reason it should be so for coursnesse with fynenesse hath no fellowship but featnesse with neatenesse hath neighbourhood enough That plausible prouerbe verified vpon a Tyraunt namely that he loued his sowe better then his sonne may well be applyed to these kinde of people who delight more in dogges that are depriued of all possibility of reason then they doe in children that be capeable of wisedome and iudgement But this abuse peraduenture raigneth where there hath bene long lacke of issue or elsewhere barrennes is the best blossome of bewty The vertue which remaineth in the Spainell gentle otherwise called the comforter NOtwithstanding many make much of those pretty puppies called Spaniels gentle yet if the question were demaunded what propertie in them they saye which shoulde make them so acceptable and precious in their sight I doubt their aunswere would be long a coyning But seeing it was our intent to trauaile in this treatise so that the reader might reape some benefite by his reading we will communicate vnto you such coniectures as are grounded vpon reason And though some suppose that such dogges are fyt for no seruice I dare say by their leaues they be in a wrong boxe Among all other qualities therfore of nature which be knowne for some conditions are couered with continuall and thicke clouds that the eye of our capacities can not pearse through thē we find that these litle dogs are good to asswage the sicknesse of the stomacke being oftentimes thervnto applyed as a plaster preseruatiue or borne in the bosom of the diseased and weake person which effect is performed by theyr moderate heate Moreouer the disease and sicknesse chaungeth his place and entreth though it be not precisely marcked into the dogge which to be no vntruth experience can testify for these kinde of dogges sometimes fall sicke and somtime die without any harme outwardly inforced which is an argument that the disease of the gentleman or gentlewoman or owner whatsoeuer entreth into the dogge by the operation of heate intermingled and infected And thus haue I hetherto handled dogges of a gentle kinde whom I haue comprehended in a triple diuisiō Now it remaineth that I annex in due order such dogges as be of a more homely kinde A Diall pertaining to the thirde Section In the third section is cōtained one kind of dog which is called the Spaniell gentle or the cōforter It is also called A chamber cōpanion generally called Canie delicatus A pleasaunt play fellow generally called Canie delicatus A pretty worme generally called Canie delicatus The fourth Section of this discourse Dogges of a course kind seruing for many necessary vses called in Latine Canes rustici and first of the shepherds dogge called in Latine Canis Pastoralis Dogges of the courser sort are These two are the principall The shepherds dogge The mastiue or Bandogge THe first kinde namely the shepherds hounde is very necessarye and profitable for the auoyding of harmes and inconueniences which may come to men by the meanes of beastes The second sort serue to succour against the snares and attemptes of mischiefous men Our shepherdes dogge is not huge vaste and bigge but of an indifferent stature and growth because it hath not to deale with the bloudthyrsty wolf sythence there be none in England which happy and fortunate benefite is to be ascribed to the puisaunt Prince Edgar who to thintent that the whole countrey myght be euacuated and quite cleered from wolfes charged commaunded the welshemē who were pestered with these butcherly beastes aboue measure to paye him yearely tribute which was n●te the wisedome of the King thrée hundred Wolfes Some there be which write that Ludwall Prince of Wales paide yéerely to King Edgar three hundred wolfes in the name of an exaction as we haue sayd before And that by the meanes hereof within the compasse and tearme of foure yeares none of those noysome and pestilent Beastes were left in the coastes of England and Wales This Edgar wore the Crowne royall and bare the Scepter imperiall of this kingdome about the yeere of our Lorde nyne hundred fifty nyne Synce which time we réede that no Wolfe hath bene seene in England bred within the bounds and borders of this countrey mary there haue bene diuers brought ouer from

Dogge forsaking his former Lord master came to Duke Henry fawned vpon him with such resemblaunces of goodwyll and conceaued affection as he fauoured King Richarde before he followed the Duke and vtterly left the king So that by these manifest circumstances a man myght iudge this Dogge to haue bene lightened wyth the lampe of foreknowledge vnderstāding touchyng his olde masters miseryes to come and vnhappinesse nye at hand which King Richarde himselfe euidently perceaued accounting this deede of his Dogge a Prophecy of his ouerthrowe Of the Dogge called the Leuiner or Lyemmer in Latine Lorarius ANother sort of dogges be there in smelling singuler and in swiftnesse incomparable This is as it were a myddle kinde betwixt the Harier and the Grehounde as well for his kinde as for the frame of his body And it is called in latine Leuinarius a Leuitate of lyghtnesse and therefore may well be called a lyghthounde it is also called by this worde Lorarius a Loro wherwith it is led This Dogge for the excellency of his conditions namely smelling and swift running doth followe the game with more eagernes and taketh the pray with a iolly quicknes Of the Dogge called a Tumbler in Latine Vertagus THis sorte of Dogges which compasseth all by craftes fraudes subtelties and deceiptes we Englishe men call Tumblers because in hunting they turne and tumble winding their bodyes about in circle wise and then fearcely and violently venturing vpō the beast doth soddenly gripe it at the very entrance and mouth of their receptacles or closets before they can recouer meanes to saue and succour themselues This dogge vseth another craft and subteltie namely when he runneth into a warren or fetteth a course about a connyburrough he huntes not after them he frayes them not by barcking he makes no countenance or shadow of hatred against them but dissembling friendship and pretending fauour passeth by with silence and quietnesse marking and noting their holes diligently wherein I warrant you he will not be ouershot nor deceaued When he commeth to the place where Connyes be of a certaintie he cowcheth downe close with his belly the groūd Prouided alwayes by his skill and polisie that the the winde bée neuer with him but against him in such an enterprise And that the Connyes spie him not where he lurcketh By which meanes he obtaineth the sent and sauour of the Connyes carryed towardes him with the wind the ayre● either going to their holes or cōming out eyther passing this way or running that way and so prouideth by his circumspection that the selly simple Conny is debarred quite from his hole which is the hauen of their hope and the harbour of their health and fraudulently circumuented and taken before they can get the aduantage of their hole Thus hauing caught his pray he earryeth it s●●edily to his Master wayting his Dogges returne in some conuenient lurcking corner These Dogges are somewhat lesser then the houndes and they be lancker leaner beside that they be somwhat prick eared A man that shall marke the forme and fashion of their bodyes may well call them mungrell Grehoundes if they were somwhat bigger But notwithstanding they counteruaile not the Grehound in greatnes yet will he take in one dayes space as many Connyes as shall arise to as bigge a burthen and as heauy a loade as a horse can carry for deceipt and guile is the instrument wherby he maketh this spoyle which pernicious properties supply the places of more commendable qualities Of the Dogge called the theeuishe Dogge in Latine Canis furax THe like to that whom we haue rehearsed is the théeuishe Dogge which at the mandate and bydding of his master fléereth and leereth abroade in the night hunting Connyes by the ayre which is leuened with their sauour and conueyed to the sense of smelling by the meanes of the winde blowing towardes him During all which space of his hunting he will not barcke least he shoulde bee preiudiciall to his owne aduantage And thus watcheth and snatcheth vp in course as many Connyes as his Master will suffer him and beareth them to his Masters standing The farmers of the countrey and vplandishe dwellers call this kinde of Dogge a nyght curre because he hunteth in the darke But let thus much seeme sufficient for Dogges which serue the game and disport of hunting ¶ A Diall pertaining to the first Section Dogges seruing the pastime of hunting beastes are diuided into Hariers In Latine called Venatici Terrars In Latine called Venatici Bloudhounds In Latine called Venatici Gasehounds In Latine called Venatici Grehounds In Latine called Venatici Leuiners or Lyemmers In Latine called Venatici Tumblers In Latine called Venatici Stealers In Latine called Venatici The seconde Section of this discourse Of gentle Dogges seruing the hauke and first of the Spaniell called in Latine Hispaniolus SVch Dogges as serue for fowling I thinke conuenient and requisite to place in this seconde Section of this treatise These are also to bee reckoned and accounted in the number of the dogges which come of a gentle kind and of those which serue for fowling There be two sortes The first findeth game on the land The other findeth game on the water Such as delight on the land play their partes eyther by swiftnesse of foote or by often questing to search out and to spring the byrde for further hope of aduauntage or else by some secrete signe and priuy token bewray the place where they fall The first kinde of such serue The Hauke The seconde The net or traine The first kinde haue no peculier names assigned vnto them saue onely that they be denominated after the byrde which by naturall appointment he is alotted to take for the which consideration Some be called Dogges For the Falcon and such like The Phesant and such like The Partridge and such like The common sort of people call them by one generall word namely Spaniells As though these kinde of Dogges came originally and first of all out of Spaine The most part of their skynnes are white and if they be marcked with any spottes they are commonly red and somewhat great therewithall the heares not growing in such thicknesse but that the mixture of them maye easely bée perceaued Othersome of them be reddishe and blackishe but of that sorte there be but a very few There is also at this day among vs a newe kinde of dogge brought out of Fraunce for we Englishe men are maruailous gréedy gaping gluttons after nouelties and couetous coruorauntes of things that be seldom rare straunge and hard to get And they bee speckled all ouer with white and black which mingled colours incline to a marble blewe which bewtifyeth their skinnes and affoordeth a séemely show of comlynesse These are called French dogges as is aboue