Greek hath not an expresse word for Maiestie Som haue q Glossar Vet. Graeco-lat v. 2. Petri cap. 1. com 16. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 turned 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Maiestas and Magnitudo but it properly signifies the last not so well the first which comes plainly from a Comparatiue Maiestas itaque are Casaubons words si verbi proprietatem spectamus Numinis est solius quod omnibus ijs quae magna dici possunt est maius Usurpatio est cum Principibus maiestas tribuitur But obserue their tradition of the Godesse Maiestie They fained that at first there was no distinction of Place or Precedence among the Gods but that the meanest would somtimes sit in Saturns own Throne And this they say r Ouid. Fastor 5. continued Donec Honor placidoque decens Reuerentia vultu Corpora legitimis imposuere toris Hinc sata Maiestas quae mundum temperat omnem Quáque die partu est edita Magna fuit Nec mora consedit medio sublimis Olympo Aurea purpureo conspicienda sinu As Maiestie was there bred of Honor and ReÌ„uerence so proportionatly mongst men and thence the word applied to the supreme of Men. But also they vsd Numen Imperatoris and Oracula Augusti for Edicta and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as if you should say diuinitùs sancimus for statuimus And before this great communicating of Maiesty the Emperors s Paul ff de legat 2. l. 87. §. Lucius Scoeuola ff lib. 40. tit â—1 l. 3. had the attribute of Sanctissimus and such like These beginning vnder Heathenisme continued after Christianitie Whence when they speak of the Crimen Maiestatis they t Athaliat tit 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 66. Glossar Vet. Sanctitas Regum ap Iul. cas in Tranq vse 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which may be interpreted a iudgment or accusation touching what is committed against a thing sanctified or sacred But I think 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 will be most proper in substance for Maiestie although George Codin translated hath alwaies Regnum for his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Vnder fauour not without error They had also their u Codin Meurs Gloss. Graeco Barb. in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. sacred Maiestie which was proper only to the Emperor and that when others spake to him he himself in modestie omitting Sacred and speaking only 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But Maiestie exprest in this word was communicated also to the Despote Sebastocrator and Caesar. The Despot was the heire or successor apparant of the Constantinopolitan Empire vnderstand of the times since Alexius Comnenus though before him it were a generall name as My Lord the Sebastocrator the second from him in dignitie and next the Caesar Protosebastus and so forth But to our purpose receiue this out of their c Curopalat 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quem tamen absque Iunij Restitutione locorum ne legas traditions Before the Emperor they calld the Despote My Lord 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Maiestie was applied to him the Sebastocrator My Lord 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sebastocrator the Caesar my Lord Caesar in those words as the other and to both these also was Maiestie 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 applied But if any other Great men about the Court 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 had occasion to vse the Despot's name to the Emperor they thus My Lord 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Your sonne the Despote If they speaking among themselus mention'd him then 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Our Lord the Despote For in later Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is Our either corruptep from their ancient own or induced by Tartarian or Turkish wherein Babamus is our Father If a great man spake to the Despote he might either call him My Lord the Despote with the word last remembred or for greater honor Our Lord the Despote If any of the Despot's seruants or followers vsd his masters name to the Emperor hee might not call him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which I interpret to be in fashion the same with Our My Lord when we speake indifferently of any Nobleman but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. My Lord and Master your sonne the Despote For so I thinke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is best here translated If a man spake to any of their other Great men 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hee neuer vsd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 On the other side 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 was neuer vsd to the Despote but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Neither could they render reason for all those but because vse and custome had brought them to it Neither hath the Grammaticall difference of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 any thing to do here For our Kingdome Maiestie saith the learned Author of the Remains came hither in time of Henry the Eight as Sacred Maiestie lately in our memory Vnderstand him as it was commonly in vse and properly to the King applied For in the Epistles of Iohn of Sarisbury is Maiestas tua diuers times to Henry Fitz-lempresse vnder whom hee liu'd and the same is there vsd also to Pope Adrian Grace mongst vs began in time of Henry IV. and Excellent grace as you read in the Remains vnder Henry the Sixt. High and mighty Prince vnder Edward the fourth But about those times it was not solely proper to the King as it seems by the Concord touching the title of the Crowne twixt Henry the sixt and Richard Duke of Yorke made in XXXIX Henry VI. in Parliament at Westminster with this title Betwixt the most High and most mighty Prince Henry the fixt King of England and of France and Lord of Ireland on the one partie and the right High and mightie Prince Richard Plantagenet Duke of Yorke on the other partie and the Duke of Glocester vnder Henry the a Parl. 3. Hen. 6. art 1. 26. sixt is calld High and mightie Prince and the Duke of Excester Hault and Puissant Prince Anciently how our Soueraigns were in this kind titled may be obserud vpon these examples Au Tresnoble tréshonorable Prince son trescher Seignior si luy pleist Monsieur Edward per la grace de Dieu Roy d' Engleterre Signior D'irland Duc D' Aquitaine le sone Henry Percy reuerence honeurs In a letter b Rot. 25. Ed. 1. in Arce Londini de Rebus Scotiam tangentibus memb 4. 6. saepius to Edward 1. writen from Dunwich and the like in diuers other Records is And there the Barons of the Exchequer send to the King with Nous maund à vostre hautesse c. But also in times later then Edward 1. titles and notes of Greatnes being not in that distinction or Curiositie as now som such as are with vs mean were competent to highest Princes I remember I
a truth no more then Eugubin's translation of it into Greek for it was extant only in Latine till that imposture to bee legitimat But Iohn of Sarisbury goes on Annulum quoque per me transmisit aureum smaragdo optimo decoratum quo fieret inuestitura iuris ingerenda h Locus deprauatus forte l. ingrediendae Hberniae Hibernia Idémque adhuc Annulus in i l. Curiali curali archio publico custodiri missus est All this was about II. Hen. II. But nothing was executed Som yeers after Dermut Mac Morrogh K. of Lemster beeing distrest by the K. of Connacht and Orereck M. C. LV. K. of Meth whose wife he had but not against hir will dishonord requested aid of the English and had it and was chiefly restord by the valour of R. Strongbow Earle of Penbroke The Earles Greatnes in litle time within the Isle grew suspicious to K. Henry To auoid that he acknowledged the Dominion of his Conquest in the King who som XVII yeers after the Popes Bull entred the Isle with an armie subdued good part of it and had homage of those petit Princes which retained as afore so after this acknowledgment the name of Kings Yet they were not Ordinati solennitate alicuius Ordinis as the k Apud D. Io. Dauies Regiū apud Hibernos Procuratorem Black book of Christ-Church in Dublin speaks nec Vnctionis sacramento nec Iure haereditario vel aliquâ proprietatis successione sed vi armis quilibet regnum suum obtinuit This K. Henry it seems following the syllables of the Bull and his successors hence titled themselues Lords of Ireland in their stile putting it before Duke of Guienne And in the Annals of Ireland you read Ioannes filius Regis Dominus Hiberniae de Dono patris venit in Hiberniam anno aetatis suae duodecimo which was the XIII yeer from the first entrance of Hen. II. and in l Ex Synod 1. 2. Cassiliens Armach ap Camd. De Pauonum pennis in texendis Coronis Consulas Paschal de Coron lib. 10. c. 13. confirmation of his title Pope Vrban III. sent him a crown of Peacocks feathers As likewise Hen. III. made Prince m Pat. 52. Hen. 3. memb 9. Edward afterward Ed. I. Lord of Ireland How King Iohn had obedience of most of the Princes there and establisht English Laws Officers and such more notes of supreme Maiestie Matthew Paris may best instruct you Plainly although some succeeding Princes wrote themselues but only Lords of Ireland yet their Dominion was meerly Royall They had their Iustices or Custodes or Lord Lieutenants or Deputies as at this day they are called of Ireland which were as Viceroy's by Patent with most large Power delegat in the very rights royall then whom no Lieutenants in Christendome as our most iudicious Antiquary obserues comes neerer Kinglike State And. Richard II. being himself but in Title Dominus yet created n Pat. 9. Rich. 2 Robert of Vere being then Earle of Oxford Duke of Ireland with Commission to execnte most inseparable prerogatiues royall Which had been ridiculous if in substance hee had not been as a most perfect King of it But in later time vnder Henry VIII in a o Stat. Hibern 33. Hen. 8. cap. 1 Parliament held at Dublin Sir Anthony Senitleger then Lord Deputie Forasmuch as the King our most gracious dread Soueraign Lord and his Graces most noble progenitors Kings of England haue been Lords of this land of Ireland hauing all manner Kingly Iurisdiction Power Preheminences and authoritie Royall belonging or appertaining to the Royall estate of maiestie of a King By the name of LORD OF IRELAND where the Kings maiestie and his most noble Progenitors iustly and rightfully were and of right oft to bee Kings of Ireland and so to be reputed taken named called it being further added that through want of vse of the iust title and name diuers attempts of disobedience had been in the Irishry it was enacted that the Kings Highnesse his heirs und successors haue the name stile title and honor of King of this land of Ireland with all manner honors preheminences prerogatiues dignities and other things whatsoeuer they bee to the Maiesty and State of a King Imperiall appertaining or belonging And that his Maiesty bee from henceforth his heires and successors named called accepted reputed and taken to bee Kings of this land of Ireland to haue hold and enioy the said stile title maiestie and honors of K. of Ireland with all manner preheminences prerogatiue dignities and all the premisses vnto the Kings highnesse his heirs and successors for euer as vnited and knit to the Imperiall Crowne of the Realme of England Thus much Pope Paul IV. afterward confirmd to K. Philip and Mary with de Potestatis plenitudine Apostolica autoritate Regnum Hiberniae perpetuò erigimus And in the stile of their Parliaments it was henceforth calld Regnum or Realm being before only Terra Hiherniae Of which enough In origination of our English name Lord whereby we and the Scots stile all such as are of the Greater Nobilitie i. Barons as also Bishops it s not easie to satisfie you In our ancient Saxon it was writen hlaforde and was a relatiue to þeow and ðeow man i. a Seruant or Bondslaue and Tenant not any Title or Dignitie To talk of Allodium or Allodius to this purpose as some do is more then idle It would be neerer our present pronunciation if you drew it from Lars or Lartes for so also is the first case vsed by p Lartes Tolumnius Philippic 9. Cicero an old Tuscan word signifying Prince or such like as a q Ios. Scalig. ad Propert. 4. great man deliuers by coniecture whence you haue Lartem Porsenam and Lartem Tolumnium in Liuy Plutarch and Halicarnasseus and Aremoricus Lars in Ausonius But Lar Lartis saith an old r Tit. Prob. Epit. de Nom. Rat. Roman praenomen est sumptum à Laribus Tuscum autem creditum est praenomen esse It were not much stranger at first sight to suppose this Lar or Lartes to be hether transferd then that Lar should yet remain as I haue seen somwhere noted a word for a chief house about Bayeux in France And many worse etymolegies make their authors proud of them But I know you cannot but laugh at this and I will so with you touching it only as ther is such communitie of name twixt it and our present idiom or rater twixt the Scottish Lairds a degree next beneath Knights among them It was afterward pronounced Lauerd and Louerd as you shall see among other testimonies in this beeing a metricall translation of the first Psalme transcribd out of the whole Psalter so turnd and fairly writen about Edward II. his time as the Character perswades which I haue Some wicked hand by cutting the first Capitall left it thus In Bibliothecâ Bodleianâ Oxonij exemplar Psalmorū huic nostro per
was as the Sherif among the Saxons 225. 254. and sate in the Turn with the Bishop ibid. 388. when that was altered ibid. Difference of Ealdormen 226. 227. 269. 270 See in Alderman Ealdordom 255 Ebrew See in Tongues Eddin what 112 Edgar written Emperor 25. 35 rowed ouer Dee by 8. Kings 35 his dominion 55. Edgar Etheling 177 Edward III. writing to Philip de Valois King of France would not stile him King 30 Eires and Enquests there 321 Elamits See in Aelamits Elymaei 109 Electors what they bear 158 Elephant in Caesars coyne and the word in diuers languages 69. See in Orders Ely made a Countie Palatin 247 Eleutho whence for Lucina 165 Elhabassen i. Ethiopians 86 Emperor the beginning of the name 19. Those of the East and West differing about the Title 22. seq 387. vsed by the English Kings 25. 35. and Spanish â—6 Emperor of Russia how he vseth that Title 28. How the Emperor is Dominus Mundi to the Ciuiuilians 26. See in Britons How the Emperors tooke their Surnames 72. Emperors See in Computation in Annointing in Crowns Empires ensignes obsolet in Praefat. Emperor of Germanie calld Vrum Padischah 103 Enessarlar 106 Enosha first Citie built of the world 14 Englands King anciently claimed quicquid Imperator in Imperio in point of supremacie 26. 38. Free from the Pope ibid. See in King in Imperator England when how and by whom named 31. see in Ang. in Heptarchie Entimos in a Charter of Edward III. 198 English Kings annointed 133. when first ibid. Crown'd first 153 See in Britons and in Arthur Eorles See Earles Epitaphs 124 125. 174. 36. Equites Romani 324. the Ordo Equestris as touching their Gold Rings disputed of 325. the Notes of an Eques 326 Equites Illustres 275. 324 Equus Publicus 325 Equestris Census 320 Equites Aurati 317. 361 Erdebil See in Haidar Ereskin first Vicount in Scotland 256 Erlic 223 Esau's kissing Iacob according to Iewish Tradition 42 Espee de Dauid Elias 96 Escuyer 340 Esquier 340. whence the name and how in our Languages 341. the same with Knaue ibid. fiue sorts of Esquiers 342. One made Esquier by Patent in Praefat. One retain'd to be Esquier in time of Peace 344. Esquiers attending on Knights 340 Ethiopian Emperor 16. See in Tongues and in Prester Iohn Etheling 176. 177. 224 Exerif 1. Serif 96 Excellentia Vestra 120 Excellent Grace 122 Exercitualo 272 Expeditio Pontis extructio Arcis munitio reserued alwaies in the freest of Sax. Charters 301 F FAtuitas tua Maxima to the Pope in the French Kings letters 117 Fesse and Marocco Emperor his title 103 Feuds there beginning 293. seq something like them in the old Roman State 294. 295. whether the Lombards were chief autors of them 295. seq against common opinion 297. whence transferd to other parts 297. Nobilitie from Feuds 295. 296. Feuds in the Eastern Empire 297. deriuation of the word 302 Feud See Field Feuds made hereditarie 295 Feuds not to be aliened 297 Feuds in England before the Normans 300 Fealtie 190 Fief See Feud Filz aisne de l'esglise 79 Filius Ecclesiae Maior Minor Tertius 79 Fitzhaimon See Mabile Fire born before the Emperors of Rome and Persian Kings in Praefat. Flauius the forename of Lombardian Kings 76 Florence where PP Pius v. would haue made Cosmo di Medices King but the neighbour Princes would not suffer it 30. The Crown Radiant giuen to the Duke by the Pope 153. 206. 207. the Inscription vpon the Crown 207 Flanders Earldom its Dignitie 116 its beginning 195 Foragia 270 Fodrum 270 Forinsecum 283 Franks the generall name 37. 75 Frater Solis Lunae in a Kings Title 62 France See in Augustus in Annointing in Dukes in Bretagne in Christianissimus in Filius and Filz A coniecture of one why they admit no womans Gouernment 176. see in Salique See in Grecian Frank Padischach 1. King of France 103 Frilingi what 177 Freeheeren 283 Furca Fossa See in Pit and Gallowes G GAbriel the Angell and his deliuery of the Alcoran 104. 105 Gabriels wing cause of the Eclipse 163 Gaurlar 1. Christians 100 Gaesi 298 Gentrie See the Praeface George S. what 363. called Tropaeophorus 364. and Chederle ibid. Genius Caesaris 64 Gelal 110 Ge the Saxon particle 222 Gelt 264 Girding with the sword 238. See in the Creations of Duke Count c. Giul a Rose 89 Gian Belul 85 Giaen the Chaldè in Ethiopia 86 Glocester Earldom began 130 Gladius Comitatus Ducatus 237. 312 Gladij jus vsus 312 Globe and Crosse interpreted 159. See in Crosse. Globe in the Turkish Banner 378 Gower the Poet buried and how 361. 362 Golden world a meere fiction Gomman 44 Gods of the Idolaters in Princes Names so of the true God 65. 66 Gods applied to Princes 62. some stiling themselues Gods ibid. Reason why it s a denying of a Prince his Title iâ— giuing him the name of God 63. Iests on them which call'd their Princes Gods 67 Grands 206 Grafio Graue Greue 221. 226 Grafia 222 Greistock Baron 283 Grace 123 Grand Maistre of France 244 Grand Escuyer 342 Greece the ancient State of it 5. the name of Greece applied to some inward part of Asia 75. 76 Greek patches often affected by old Monks 22. Greek affected in this Western part in the middle times 198 Grithbreche 390 Grecians stiling forein Dignities by the names of those Countries to which they were applied 24 Grecian glory affected by the French Kings 258. 298 Great King by whom vsed 33 Gues Guas or Gais 297. 298 Guassdewr 298 Gylas a Dignitie 89 H HAue 1. Salue whence 53 Haudoni Haudonni in Plautus 53 Hannibal the name in Scripture 67 Harmodius and Aristogiton no bondman to be called so 67 Haman in Esther of what countrie he was 75 Han for Chan. 89 Haidar Prince of Erdebill 105. father to Ismael Sophi ibid. why he is called Arduclles and Ardebille 107 Hautesse Hastae for Diademata 149 Halil the Goddesse Alilat 165 Haeresis de Inuestitura 201 Half-koning 1. half king 227 Haliwerk Folks 248 Haut Iustice. 253 Hhabassia i. Terra Ethiopia 86 Hamilton first Marq. in Scotland 217 Hanses of the Goths in Praefat. Haire long worne by the French Kings See in the Praeface Hairs of horse tailes in ancient and late vse in the wars 378 Heptarchie of England vnder one 30 Herbam Dare victos 34 Helen mother of Constantine 37 Herus 48 Henry 11. his conquest and title in Ireland 55 Henry VIII against Luther 79 Hemiromomelin 99 Hegira of the Mahumedans 100. and its Root 163 Helme Radiant 140. Helme Gilt. 288. 289. Hehelguim See Ailwin Henty 1. See in Mabile Hertzoghen and Hertochij 208 Heriots 225. 272 Hehgerefas 225 Hexamshire its ancient names and a Countie Palatin 248 Heeren 283 Herefordshire Lawes 233 High and Mightie Prince 123 Highnesse 123 Hippocrates rewarded for curing a great Plague 137
Hidata Terra non Hidata 271 Hide of Land 271 Hidage what 270 Hippobatae 333 Hlafe afford Hlafford 61. Hlafe-die for Ladie 61 Honor and Reuerence Parents to Maiestie 121 Honor and Vertue their Temple in Praefat. Honorarij Codicilli 185. 220 Holland Earldom when began 194. 195 Holds 225 Holy Iland 248 Horse from it the name of Knight in all languages but English 332. 333. See in Haire Hunggiar a Turkish Title 103. giuen to a great fat Hog by Ismael Sophi in dishonor of Baiazeth 104 Humbert Daulphin 172 Hugh le Bigod his surrendring the Earldome of Norfolk 231 I IAuan vsd sometimes for Syria 75. 76 Iariffe i. Seriph 97 Iacupbeg 105 Ic dien 272 Idolatrie its beginning 9 Iewes their honoring of the New Moon 164. See in Sunne and in Childbirth Their Oaths Contracts and Seales 328. 329 Iewish Kings Crown 153 Ilethyia for Lucina whence 165 Illustres 383. 385 Imperator the name 19. 20. seq See Emperor Imperator Dominus to the Kings of England 25. 26. 35 Imperatori Proximus a Title 172 Images of the Roman Nohilitie in Praefat. Infulae 149 Inferiors to superiors their forme of speaking 114. 115 In Hoc Vince 16â— Infantes and Infanta 179 Inuestiture of Prouinces 1â—1 See in Duke Marquesse Count c. and in Bishops Iudex Fiscalis 221. 227 Ioannes cognomento Digitorum 56 Iohn an vnluckie name to Kings 205 Ioannes Belul for Prester Iohn 15. 86 Ioannes Encoe ibid. Iohn of Sarisburie vnder Henrie 11. requested the Pope to giue Ireland to Henrie 11. 56 Iohn afterward King of England made Lord of Ireland with a Crowne of feathers sent from the Pope 57. and afterwards would haue been a Mahumedan and sent for the Alcoran 102 Iosuah Ben Nun remembred in old columns erected by some that fled out of Canaan into Mauritania Tingitania in his time 70 Iochabelul i. Prester Iohn 87 Ireland its Kings anciently 31. 57. See in Dominus in Henry 11. in Iohn of Sarisb in Iohn King Subiect to Edgar a good part of it 55 Ireland Dukes of Ireland 58 Iupiters Tombe in Crete and his Epitaph 12. See in Baal His statue vsd to be had in Oaths 158 Iupiter Labradeus his statue 155 his statue in Constantinople 159 Iudith her story examined with coniectures on it 33. 34. not knowen to the Iewes but from Europe 33 Iulian Apostata forbidding to be called Dominus 48 Iudas of Galilee Autor of the Sect which would not allow any Prince the name of Lord. 49 Iuliers made of a Marquisate a Countie 214 Ius Aureorum disputed 324. seq K KArolouitz 78 Karm in Scythian 90 Keshish 110 Kelchyn 286 Kessar i. Caesar. 28 Keyser 70 Kentish-mens Prerogatiue anciently to be in the Uantgard in Praefat Kingdomes how begun 2. 3. seq vsque ad 17 King and Emperor their difference in the Roman Empire 20. seq See in Rex Kings in Clientela Imperatoris 28 Kings subiect to the Empire properly no Kings 29. seq King whence in seuerall languages 44 King crowned before born 145 Kings Freind 185 Kings see in Swearing in Crowns in Annointed in Scepter in Crosse in Knighting in Dukes c. Kings denominating their Nations 74. 75. 76 Kissilpassa whence 83. 106 Kissing the Emperors foot 38. kissing the forefinger or hand in adoration 38. kissing the bands 39 40 forbidden ibid. Hands Knees and Feet ibid. Popes foot 39. 40. why the hand was kissed 40. kissing at Farewels 42. Head Eies and Hands 42. kissing of Iacob by Esau. 42 A Statute against kissing the King 43. Numidian Princes why not kist 43. after Praiers and of Charitie 43. That Templars might not kisse a woman 373 Kidermister first Baronie in England by Creation by Patent 282 Knights and knighting some Course in the ancientest times like knighting 306. by giuing the deseruing arms and bauing him sit at his fathers Table 307. 308 Knighthood receiued from whom 308 Girding in knighthood 309. 310. seq by giuing a blow on the care 312. first mention of a Knighthood in England 313 Knighthood giuen by Churchmen 313. 314. Holie Ceremonies in the ancient taking of Knighthood in England and elswhere 314. Fees at the Knighting of a Great man anciently 315. Kings knighted by their subiects 315. by other Kings ibid. Knighting by meaner men 316. by a Knight of his owne power 317. form of knighting now 317. a supreme Prince may knight in any Territorie 317. No Knight to be made anciently vnlesse descended of Noble Parentage 318. a Knights Fee 319. and Relief ibid. by what value one may be compelld to take the Order 319. 320 322. Knight with land and without land 320. a Knights Equipage House and Furniture exempt from execution and issues 321. 322. his Arms discendible to his heirs 322. 323. Knights seale 323. if that were a Right of Knighthood 323. Aids to knighting 330. The Father being no Knight shall not haue aid to make the sonne a Knight 331. Knighting discharges Wardship and how 332. whence the name of Knight in seuerall languages 332. Knights Bachelors 336. 337. DegradatioÌ„ of a Knight 337. striking a Knight punished with losse of the hand 339. See in Bath in Banneret in Orders Knighthood to a Mahumedan by a Christian Emperor 380 Knecht 333 Knaue how it anciently signified 341 Knape Knabe 341 Knesi i. Dukes 27 Kneeling to Princes 4â— the answere of Philip 11. of Spain in excuse being saluted with kneeling 42 Konigin 44 Kopach the Russian Emperours Cap. 152 L LAws wont to bee sung and thence called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 15 Laws Ciuile when first profest in Praefat. Lauerd for Lord. 61 Ladie 61 Lars Lartes 59 Latins 75 Lazar and Lazars 78 Lamorabaquin in Froissart what 89 Laurell in Triumph 139. whence it was taken and of what tree 148 for the Caesars ibid. against Thunder ibid. Lazi Kings might not weare purple 144 Labarum and its form 161 Lazzi what 177 Lantgraue 221. 222. 246 Lancaster made a Palatinat 247 Lancaster sword 31 Lairds of Scotland 288 Letters 16. Lewes 11. See Basilius Leo X. gaue Henrie VIII the name of Defender of the faith 79. Leshari 105 Leuderique Bishop of Breme taxed of pride for vsing the name of Pastor and such like 118 Lewes XIII of France born 176 Leicester Earldom 235 Leod Bishop 225. 204 Leudes what 264 Leornung Cnechts 333 Leitou Palatins 249 Lewhelin Prince of Wales 275 Liuerie and seisin in some sort of England to the Normans 34 Lilith what 164 Limitum Duces 183. 209 Lithuania 193. 249 Liuonia 194. 240 Lindisfarn 248 Lord. See in Dominus in Iudas of Galilee in Hlafford and of the deriuation of the name 59. 60. 61 expressing a Baron 284 Louerd for Lord. 61 Loof and Loef 61 Lodouicus and Chlouis the same 71. 72. 78 London custome 265 Lords in curtesie 284 Lombards or Longobards 294 Lucanicus and Lucanica 72 Lucius first Christian King of Britain 78 Lunus and Luna 167 Lycosura first Citie according to Graecian
one of two syllables that is I think Simonides because it was both a name of honorable note and as a Patronymique expressing some Noble discent There are which make the Tria nomina in Rome a note of their Nobilitie To that purpose doth Calderin interpret Iuuenals Tanquam habeas tria Nomina which is rather indeed to be exprest in as if you were an Ingenuus or Libertus or as if you were a free Man which fits well the place as the learned Politian wills For the hauing of three Names was not common either to all Times or all Persons of the Free or Noble Romans but some had Two only as Numa Hostius Hostilius in ancienter time others One as Romulus Remus Hersilia Tatius and afterward the mixture of the Sabins and Romans gaue the double Names and by retaining x De Nominibus Romanorum Titus Probus siue is sit Iulius Paris qui designati libri autor est consulendus alij Atqui ante alios Iul. Scaliger in lib. 4. de caus Ling. Lat. cap. 92. quem tamen septimum diem Nominibus imponendis destinatum tradidisse valde miror cum et Festus in Lustrico et Macrobius 1. Sat. cap. 16. vno ferè ore refragentur Rectè autem Titum Probum reprehendit de Togae Virilis tempestate the name of the Familie giuing the Forename which was imposed the eighth day on Females and the ninth on Males as among the Grecians on the tenth y Suidas in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 et Scholiast in Aristoph Aues day from the birth and fift from the Amphidromia and adding the surname which sometimes was from the Ancestors also they had vsually three Names two of which euery Bondman manumitted commonly had giuen him from his Lord or Patron So is the Testimonie of Tertullian z Quod vide pag. 326. transcriptum et consulas Ios. Scalig ad Fest. in Curiales so that Dream of the Bondman which thought he had had Tria Pudenda and was soon after set free because as * Artemidor Onirocritic 1. cap. 47. it was interpreted his freedom gaue him two Names which made three signified in the dream with his own that was as to other of his kind most vsually one So that Ingenuitie not Nobilitie was designed by the three Names In most other Nations I think vntill particular ennobling by the Princes autoritie came in vse was a kind of distinction of Nobilitie and most neer to that in Greece None so barbarous but had the like witnesse the Gothique Anses a Name interpreting Half-Gods a Iornandes de Reb. Getic cap. 13. Abb. Vrspergensis or men aboue common human fortune and applied by them to their Chieftains valorously bearing themselues in the Warres and their posteritie Whence good conceit of manie deriues that Name of the Hanfiatique Societie beginning b Chytraeus Chronic. Sax. et Vic. aliq Gent. lib. 23. about M. CC. of Christ some while before Frederique the second But it seems they had no more or other known Ensignes of Nobilitie then as the Sueuians who had anciently Prerogatiue in Omni c Lamb. Schoffnaburgensis expeditione Regis Teutonici exercitum praecedere primi committere in like sort as mongst our old English the Kentish men d Io. Sarisburiens de Nug. Curial lib. 6. c. 18. had the honor due to them alwaies of being in the Vantgard and those of Wiltshire with Cornwall and Deuonshire in the Rere which they all might chalenge by the continuall worth of their performance That was their Badge therein their Glorie But after that Armes grew hereditarie in Europe mongst Christians for Turks paint them not e Septemcastrens cap. 10. saith my Autor by a generall consent which is vpon good ground thought to haue had its beginning from the Holie Warres the Posteritie thinking it a speciall Glorie to beare the same Coat which the Ancestor had displayed or shewed in his Shield in defence of the Christian Name and so with vs f Clarent in Reliq pag. 180. about Henrie III. they became more hereditarily establisht when the Prince ennobled any he vsually gaue him the particular of his Bearing in Blazon An example thereof in England it being also to another purpose worth obseruation I here insert Richard II. gaue one Iohn of Kingston a Coat and made him an Esquire so to ennable him to perform some feats of Armes with a French Knight The Copie of the g Part. 1. Pat. 13. Rich. 2. Memb. 37. Consimile Bernardo Angennine Consiliario Regis in Ducatu Aquitaniae Rot. Vascon 23. Hen 6. Memb. 7. Record is thus litterally Le Roy a tous ceux as queux cestes lettres viendront salute Saches que come vn Chiualer Franceys à ceo que nous sumus enformes ad chalenge vn nostre liege Iohn de Kingston a faire certains faits points d'Armes ouesque le dit Chiualer Nous a fyn que le dit nostre liege soit le meulz honorablement resceuz faire puisse perfourmir les dits faits points d'Armes luy auons resceuz en l'estate de Gentile home luy fait Esquier volons que que il soit conus per Armes porte desorenauant cestassauoir D'Argent one vn Chaperon d'Azure ouesque vn Plume d'Ostriche de Geules Et ceo a touts yceux as queux y appertient nous notisons per ycelles En testmoynance de quelle chose nous auons fait faire cestes nos Lettres Patents dones souz nostre Grant Seale a nostre Paleys de Westminster le primer iour de Iuyll Per Briefe de Priuy Seale Neither was in ancient Rome wanting a kind of hereditarie Ensignes peculiar to Families as the Torquis or Collar to the Torquati the Haire or a kind of Ius Capillitij it seems to the Cincinnati the surname of Great to the Pompeys which is plain by that relation of h Sueton. lib. 4. cap. 35. Caligula Vetera Familiarum Insignia Nobilissimo cuique ademit Torquato Torquem Cincinnato Crinem Cncio Pompeio Stirpis antiquae Magni Cognomen So all of the Draconteum i Hygin Fabul 72. genus about Thebes were known by a speciall note on their bodies and Seleucus k Iustin. Hist. 15. his posteritie by the forme of an Anchor on the thigh Filij Nepotèsque eius Ancoram in femore saith Iustin veluti notam Generis naturalem habuere Neither was anie one admitted to pretend himself of the Pelopidae if hee had m Iulian. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. that token for an Ensigne of his Familie that is the Iuorie shoulder or one as white But these were the Notes only of their Familie not of Nobilitie consisting in Rome only in the Images as that of our times in Coat-Armors which as Images expresse the worth of such as haue born them it being supposd in warlike Nations especially after those Martiall
may weare a Crown who only a Cap. The beginning of this and that equall of Count in the French state The Counts of Holland and Flanders The Royalties of the ancient Dukes in France Their Crown The reuniting of those ancient Dukedomes and equall Counties to the Crown The later kind of French Dukes farre inferior to the ancient They beare their Crowns on their Armories only Whence the Crowns of Dukes Counts and the like came in fashion in these Western parts The Crowns of the Sebastocrator and Caesar. Appenage 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in a Charter of Edward III. The Ceremonie of inuesting our K. Iohn made Duke of Normandie When Dux came to be a speciall and distinct Title in France When in England The creation of the Black Pr. Duke of Cornwall A ring signe of Principalitie giuen and in Coronation of Kings Inuestitures of Bishops with Staffe or Rod and Ring When left off and remitted in the Empire and with vs. Error in Matthew Paris and Matth. of Westminster Bishoprickes to be giuen by the Kings letters patents without Conge d'eslier by act of Parliament Iohn of Gaunt made Duke of Lancaster the ceremonie and in making Tho. of Woodstock D. of Glocester The chief ceremonie at this day Dux in the Saxon times Duke of Northumberland by that name then hereditarie Dux then was properly their Eople Wergild What. Thrymsa The first Duke in Scotland First Dukes in Castile Ducall Crowns there Titles to be giuen to Dukes and their Grands by the Pragmatica L'oyseau's error concerning Dukes of England 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Duke in Moses and in the common assertion of the Rabbins CHAP. II. NExt to the apparant successor in the Europaean States are the Titles of Duke and Archduke Marquesse Count which we call Earle Vicount Vidame Baron and other more Of whom in their Order Two of them DVKE and COVNT Dux Comes haue their names most ancient but differing much from what they now are appli'd to Philip of Macedon hauing wasted the libertie of Greece seeing that a moderat vse of his victorie was fittest for establishment of his rights of Conquest ita vicit saith lustin vt victorem nemo sentiret Sed nec Regem se Graecis sed Ducem appellari iussit The like did Scipio Africanus in Spaine when Edecon and Andobal a Polyb. histor 10 saluted him King Of whom also b De Amicitia Cicero Quanta illi Dij immortales fuit grauitas quanta in Oratione Maiestas vt facilè Ducem P. R. non Comitem diceres And in another c Orat. pro Cornel Balbo place Si qui sunt quibus infinitum sit odium in quos semel susceptum sit quos video esse nonnullos cum Ducibus ipsis non cum Comitatu assectatoribúsque confligant In the Caesarean Empire Dux was next to Imperator The play of Ducatus Imperia like to our sports sometime vsd in making a Prince with all his officers and dignities was by that name d Sueton. in Ner. cap. 35. known in Rome which Trebellius Pollio calls fingere potestates And Martial e Lib. 6. Epig. 83. 91. salutes Domitian with summe Ducum and titles him summus Dux In like sense Iuvenal Statius others vse this great attribute which in the more ancient times you see plainly was much before Comes as the verie signification of the words shew Dux then properly was at first the Generall of an Armie vnder the Emperor Afterward it became vsually applied to such as had the militarie care of Frontiers As in Scythici limitis f Fl. Vopisc in Aureliano Dux Orientalis limitis Dux Illyriciani limitis Dux Thracij Rhetici limitis Dux g Trebell Poll. 30. Tyrann in Posthum in Celso huc sane referri potest quod de Legionibus quae limitibus praefuere sub antiquioris aeui Impp. habet Dio. hist. 55. Transrhenani limitis Dux limitis Lybici Dux and the like And Spartian sayes of Aelius Verus that he was Pannonijs Dux ac Rector impositus Their office it self was cald Ducatus In an Epistle of the Emperor Tacitus to Probus you read Nos tibi decretototius Orientis Ducatu salarium quintuplex fecimus And they had their Tunicae Ducales known by that name as in Valerians speech to Aurelian is remembred And Ducianum h Iustin. Cod. tit de appellat l. 51. quando 38. Iudicium in later time is vsd for iudgment giuen by them The precedent of their Commission as one by particular we are instructed thus i Cassiodor Var. 7. fox 4. spake Ideoque validum te ingenio ac viribus audientes per illam indictionem Ducatum tibi credimus Retiarum vt milites in pace regas cum eis fines nostros solenni alacritate circumeas But in those times Comites were great men such were in Comitatu Imperatoris of whom Constantine the great in his distinction of honours made some of the first Rank some of the second and some of a third 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is the same in the words of k Euseb. de vita Constantini 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 one that liu'd and wrote vnder him The forme of giuing the greatest of these honors is thus l Cassidor Variar lib. 6. cap. 12 deliuer'd Quocirca prouocati moribus tuis m Ita dictus Honos ille Graecis vero 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Comitiuam primi ordinis ab illa indictione maiestatis fauore largimur vt Consistorium nostrum sicut rogatus ingrederis ita moribus laudatus exornes quando vicinus honor est Illustribus dum alter medius non habetar Admoneat te certè quod suscepta Dignitas Primi Ordinis appellatione censetur vtique quia te sequuntur omnes qui Spectabilitatis honore decorantur So that a Count of the first rank seemes somewhat before a Duke of a Prouince yet both vnder the same generall note of Spectabiles comprehending both Dukes Counts of Prouinces and some other But these Counts being of the Spectabiles which were between the Illustres and Clarissimi imploid in militarie seruice or state gouernment abroad had the name of Comites n C. de off rect Prou. l. Iustissimos 3. per prouincias o C. de Com. Rei Mil. l. Eos 2. Consulas ad hanc rem Nouell Constit. 27. de Comite Isauriae qui sub Comitiuae primi Ordinis dignitate peculiariter ad quamlibet prouinciam vel prouincias defendendas milit e credito autoritate Imperatorij Nominis destinabantur The Graecians call'd the Counts of the first p Nouell 43. c. 3 rank 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But howsoeuer the difference of Duke and Count was at the first institution of the Comitiua vnder Constantine or about Iustinians time to which referre that of Cassidore it 's certain they became not long after Constantine equall Honorius and Theodosius in a Constitution Qui q C. de Com.
II chap. I. the Bishop of Rennes with a Crown d' or a haults fleurons d'un Esgale hauteur qui estla Corone Royall For indeed the Royall Habiliments remaind there to the Dukes But those ancient Dukedoms or Counties being too great in Soueraintie for a subiects hand haue by litle and litle been reunited to the Crown as Champagne Brie Bretagne Normandie and the rest like not without much desire and policie of the succeeding French Kings Neither would they euer make any new inuestitures with those ancient Royalties Neither is there one of those so Kingly Dignities yet vnder the French Empire which hath not been drownd in the Crown either by marriage Treason committed or some such cause But they haue created a new Forme both by giuing Appenages to the yonger sonnes as also Dukedoms and Counties to others reseruing alwaies ressort souueraintee as they call it that is their Royalties for receiuing appeals and supremacie of seigneurie and withall in the Appenages the reuersion to themselues in default of heires masles which by an Ordinance of Charles the ninth was extended to all other Dukedoms and Counties in future time to be erected Wherfore the Dukes and Counts at this present and of this later creation in France haue no other marke ot participation of Souuerainty but only in that they beare as L'Oyseau saith la Corone au tymbre de leurs armoiries And are not Seigneurs Souuerains but Suzerains Neither haue they now the Crown as a part of their habit but a formalitie only on their Armorie Ils ne portent pas en teste à present qu'ils ne sont plus que simples seigneurs suzerains ne leur estant aussi plus concedée a present en leur inuestiture partant ils ne l'ont plus qu'en peinture au tymbre de leurs armoiries si ce n'est qu' ils soient Princes Souuerains auquel cas ils la pourroient porter en teste But whereas hee vpon a passage in Uillhehardouin thinks that the Crowns of the first kind of Dukes were not very ancient I rather ghesse them to be at least as ancient as neer som c. yeers from the beginning of the third line For about that time in the Constantinopolitan Empire vnder Alexius Comnenus when the new titles of Sebastocrator and the like were inuented he honord both the Sebastocrator who was then at first apparant successor with a Crown as also the Caesar being the next title to the Sebastocrator 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith his a Anna Comnen Alexiad 3. Daughter 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. In a publique Session hee commanded that they should be crowned both the Sebastocrator and the Caesar with Crowns differing much in worth from that which he himself was crownd withall The Sebastocrator's perhaps was then as the Despot's afterward Of that in the first chapter of this book And the Caesar's as the Sebastocrator's in later time Obserue but the succession of one of these titles into anothers place whereof already and you may agree to the Coniecture The Sebastocrators appears in the Emperor b Curopalat 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cantacuzen's inuesting his wiues brothers Manuel and Iohn with that Dignity and giuing them Crowns 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as my autor saies 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. hauing before only one Arch. And it will not be absurd to think that in imitation of those Eastern Princes the custom of bearing Crowns by such as were inuested in so great Honors came into these Eastern parts What communitie then was twixt the Eastern Western States euery man knows that hath read the Holy warres of that age Som of the French deriue their word Appenage from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 expressing in the Eastern Sacred Du Haillan liure 3. Empire the sacred habitude twixt the Soueraigne and Suzâ—raine Why might not imitation of their habits bee as well as of their language It s more anciciently noted of Charles the d Annal. Incert Aut. sub A. 876. Edit a Pithoeo Bald K. of France that he too much imitated the Constantinopolitan Emperor and how that age about Alexius his time generally affected Helleâ—â—sine and such words of Greek as they could get them is apparant in the Monkish stories then writen in ancient Charters and other examples infinit And afterward in the Charter of the Black Prince his creation into Duke of Cornwall vnder Our Edward III a meer Greek word is inserted by the characters of intimos misprinted in the Princes case Rointimos which is plainly 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. honorificè or such like and could not but ridiculously bee vsd now for Latine Neither can their Crowns anciently bee so much imputed to their then possest Souerainty For then why did our e Coronâ cinctus 1. de Eltham Comes Cornâ—bâ—ae F. Edvv. II. VVestmonasterij Sepultus Earles before any Dukes made in England weare any such Crowns and meerly such as are now Ducal They were not Soueraigns more then their posterity at this day Or why had both our Dukes Marquesses and Earls afterward Crowns to their Creation and as ornaments fiâ—ting their heads not imaginarie only or formaâ—l vpon their Armories But for an example of the ceremonie belonging to those ancient Dukes in France take this of our King Iohn Duke of Normandie Accinctus est as Roger of Houedens words are gladio Ducatus Normanniae in matrici ecclesia he means at Rouen per manum Walteri Rothomagnesis Archiepiscopi praedictus Archiepiscopus posuit in Capite Ducis Circulum aureum habentem in summitate per circuitum Rosas aureas which Matthew Paris and the Annals of Ireland call rosulas aureas artificialitèr fabricatas When it first began in France to bee a speciall and distinct title from Count is diuersly affirmd But they most truly deliuer that suppose it first proper to the Dukes of Bretagne To Iohn the second Gouernor of that Territorie the Charter of Philip le Beau dated in M. CC. XCVII thus grants f Exstraict du lett de Pairrie chez Berttand d'Argentre hist. de Bret. liure 4. chap. 31. Belleforest liure 4. chap. 43. Ducem ipsum qui Comes fuit aliquando nostris vocatus in literis Ducem fore Terram Britanniae Ducatum existere ipsúmque Ducem in posterum deberi vocari autoritate regia ex Certa scientia declaramus tenore praesentium confirmamus This Iohns predecessors being before vsually known by the indistinct name of Dux and Comes Britanniae of whose equiualencie in ancient time alreadie Yet so that the Title was distinctly affected by them before this time Witnesse their Monuments deliuerd in Bertrand d'Argentre and specially the title of our old Earls of Richmond being also Dukes there For in a Charter which I haue of Geffrey Plantagenest sonne to Henry II. beeing possest of both those Territories made to one Richard the sonne of Reiner and his heirs of Tronagium Pesagium de Nundinis meis Sancti
his own and his brothers name were both Robert His at his bâ—ptisme was Iohn But at his taking the Royall gouernment either for the vnluckines of the one name in the French and English or for the good which accompanied the other in his own predecessors changd himselfe out of Iohn into Robert The first Duke in Castile as is * Esteuan de Garibay lib. 15. cap. 27. 54. g Circa m. CCC LXX affirm'd was Frederique bastard sonne to g Henry II. of Castile by him created Duke of Benauente And Iohn successor to this Henry made his second sonne Ferdinand Prince of Lara Duke of Pennafiel Ferdinando minori Regis filio saith Mariana â—ui Lara Principatus erat oppidum Pennafielis additum Ducis nomine Corona Capiti imposita nullis extantibus Floribus quod Collatae dignitatis insigne erat tametsi nostra aetate non Duces sed Comites etiam Coronam clypeis adijciunt Regis haud absimilem But their Ducall Crown now is as in England fleuronee so was that of Ferdinando saith Stephen of Garibay and as a Kings not archt but that only the flowers are lesse and so euen que vna no suba mas que otra as Esteuan de Garibay's words are i. that one bee not higher then another And the ancient Dukes might weare it aswell on their heads as Armories and had diuers such prerogatiues euen Royall when they were all of Royall bloud But for the most part now cessing to bee so most of their prerogatiues also cesse saith Garibay at least in the Kingdomes of Castile In ancient time there aswell as in other places this Dignitie was only for life And to this day my autor is h De Reb. Hispan lib. 8 cap. 2. Mariana the steps of that Estate are in the Spanish Nobilitie For none of them Duke Marquesse or Count vse their titles after death of their Ancestors but Rege denuò annuente vnlesse some few such families only as by the Kings speciall grant may doe otherwise Which although here noted as many other things in this Chapter is appli'd to some Titles hereafter to bee spoken of The Pragmatica ordains that none whatsoeuer shall haue the Title of Excellent or Excellencie But that the the Grands all Dukes mongst them are Grands and some Marquesses and Counts or such as may stand couered before the King shall bee honord with Vuâ—stra Sennoria i. your Lordship And that in superscriptions to any Duke Marquesse or Count the place denominating his dignitie shall to it be added To speake here of particular Dukedomes their rights Regalties and such like were from our purpose Wee haue alreadie rememberd that il Gran Duca di Toscana the Duke of Florence had his Crown radiant and that Title of Gran Duca by speciall indulgence from Pius Qnintus who inscribd i Cicarella in Vit. Pontific his gift with Pius V. Pontifex Max. ob eximiam Dilectionem ac Catholicae Religionis Zelum praecipuumque Iustitiae studium donauit There is a parâ—icular forme of Creation instituted by Paul II. which for the length and because most of the differing Ceremonies are as proper to that Church I omit But there is no Crown but a Cap only Biretum and a Scepter Yet what the Reporter k Marcell corâ—grens Sa. Oerem I. Iust. 7. adds for his difference of Dukes I think may bee worth obseruation Et haec quidem saith he seruantur si Dux est Magnae Nobilitatis Potentiae vt fuit Tempore Domini Pauli PP II. Borsus Ferrariae Si verò esset Mediocris potentiae vt fuit Tempore D. Sixti PP IV. to this Pope this autor was a kind of Master of the Ceremonies Fredericus Dux Vrbini omnia seruantur nisi quod non duceretur à Cardinalibus sed à duobus assistentibus Papae principalibus sederet vltimus post omnes Cardinales in Banco Diaconorum eundo incederet solus post Crucem ante omnes Cardinales Quod si adhuc esset inferior tunc omnia alia seruarentur nisi quod non daretur ei sceptrum neque sederet in banco Cardinalium sed ad pedes Papae in supremo gradu eundo incederet ante Crucem post Oratores alios Principes here you see his triple distinction of them and others haue them by Maiores and Minores Duces wherupon saith the learned l De Coronis lib. 9. cap. 22. Paschalius that the Maiores omnes vnius ordinis esse Censentur omnes propemodum suspiciuntur vt Reges longeque antistant illis quos voco Minores Neyther can any not see much difference twixt those of Florence Ferrara Sauoy Lorrain Saxonie Brunswic and such more which mongst them also differently haue so many imperiall rights and the French of late time English Scotish and Spanish Dukes which are all Seignieurs Suzerains subiect Lords and many of them possessing their denominating Territorie in Tit'e only not in gouernment Yet Charles L'oyseau idly minseth his difference to small where he makes our English Dukes to bee a degree by themselues qui ne sont qu' a vie come Officiers What Dukes he means with vs I know not But all men may know that since Edward III. the Title hath been Honorary and Hereditarie Nor doth that frequent name of Duke occurring in Genes XXXVI belong to this place The word in the holy tongue is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which the Paraphrases of Onkolos and Ionathan turne 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 both signifying a Lord Prince or great Ruler and the m Rabbi S. Iarchi in Genes 6. Com. 15. Ebrewes interpret them there 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Heads of families or Kinreds although Alloph may serue also to expresse any great dignitie vnder a King The Rabbins say that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Euery Alluph is a Kingdom without a Crown which Elias interprets that euery King not crownd is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 * Dux i. a Duke The Germans call them Hertzogen and Hertochen whence the Hertochij in that vnder the name of the Confessors laws both signifying Dux as he is exercitui praefectus Remember what is in the first booke of the Duke of Moscouie for a Duke vncrowned yet supreme Prince Ducis Limitanei Marquesses whence the name Marque 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in old Gaulish Marcheta Mulieris the Brides maidenhead Mareshall vsuall application of names of a later age to antique relations by old English Poets The deriuation of Marquesse a mari idle 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 How in one man Duke Count and Marquesse was anciently often exprest The beginning of the name of this Dignitie in the Empire Markgraue Marchio Burgundiae and Normanniae His inuestiture by a Ring His Coronet Presedence in France Alciat's admonition in point of Presedence Marchiones in England Iohn of Sarisburie corrected Snowdon Controuersie twixt the Lords Marchers and the Barons of the Cinque Ports about bearing the Canopie Earle of March. First Marquesse in
England How the Nobilitie lik't the Creation of Robert of Vere Richard I 〈…〉 expressely made it a Dignitie twixt Duke and Count. Iohn of Beaufort's refusing the Title as too New His Coronet here First Marquesse in Scotland Iohn Hamilton First in Spaine when made and who His Coronet and prerogatiues there CHAP. III. OF Dux Dux limitis and Comes as they were anciently about the declining Empire it is sufficiently disputed in the next Chapter before And of their equalitie of Office and Dignitie as also how from Dux came the now Honorary title of Duke From no other Originall is the name of MARQVESSE to be deriud For such as were constituted Gouernors of Prouinces bordering on som other State or the Sea whence also easier inuasions might bee feared had the name of a C. tit de Venat Ferar. l. vnic Constit. Theodos. Val. edit a Pith. tit 29. Duces Limitanei or Limitum in Latin and from the old Dutch or French in later time Marâ—graues or Marquesses For in that tongue as at this day Borders Frontiers limits or bounds were calld Marques or Marches Quotiens saith my b Boiar leg tit de Term. Rupt art 8. autor de Commarchanis contentio nascitur c. i. as often as controuersie rises touchching Boundaries And in the French Annals one speaking of Carloman Expulit Duces quibus custodia commissa c c Anonym sub anno 861. erat Pannonici limitis Cartani atque per suos Marcam ordinauit Hence the ancient Marquesse of Austria is calld d Ditmar Chronic lib. 7. Marcha inter Vngarios Bauarios So Normandie was * Sugerius Abb. vitâ Ludouici Crassi Margus Regni and Normanniae Marchia The reason of the name any man knows that knows how it lies In the Testament of Charles the Great Marcae is vsd for Frontiers and in writings of those times Marca Hispanica Marca Britannica and such like infinit occurre And e Adreuald Floriac de Mirac S. Ben. cap. 33. Marchisi Britannici limitis Marchiser in French being at this day to Border or adioyne to Hence the names of Danmarch and as som haue thought our Mercia or Mercland in the Saxon Heptarchie and the lawes of Marque or Reprisales Some great men haue f Alciat de Singul Certam cap. 32. deriud it from Mare or Marc i. a Horse as if it should be in Latin Magister equitum or a Generall ouer the Gensdarmerie of Horsemen It s true that among the old Gaules the word g 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pausanias Phocic lib 10. Marc signified a Horse as also in h March leg Boiar tit de Vitios animali art 11. old French and British or Welsh wee and the present Dutch retaining still for one Sex the word Mare Hence some will the Marcheta Mulieris in Scotland i. from an obscene vse of equitare the first night or Maidenhead of the Bride which by a law of Euen III. King of Scotland was allowd to the King and other Lords at the marriage of their Tenants daughters and afterward by Malcolm III. at request of his Queen turnd into a summe of i V post Hectorem Boetium lib. 3. Regiam Maiest lib. 4. cap. 31. de Marcheta apud Nos consulas Henric. de Bract lib. 4. de Assiss N. Diss. cap. 28. §. 5. monie yet remaining among their laws But also with vs in a Natiuo habendo the Esplees is laid among other in Marcheta pro filiabus suis maritandis perhaps hauing like cause of name although not the same ground of Law But in Scotland it extends to all Conditions as well Noble as other And from the old vse of this Marc or Mare must you deriue Mareshall i. as most say Mare-schalch which literally is as much as Equi or Equorum praefectus i. Master of the Horse Which without question is the true etymologie of the great office of Mareshall ioind anciently in England with the Constable i. Comes stabuli in their iudicious place of the Court of Chiualrie But to iustifie also that Marquesse is hence one produces a piece of an old Romant thus speaking of Paris his companie in his embarquement for Helen Li k Benois Chez Fauchet en l' Origin des Dig. nit 2. cap. 3. Chiualier li Marchis Ke Paris ot semont pris Et ses freres Deifibus Et furent bien deux mil plus And thinks that the autor would not absurdly by Marchis mean such as are mongst vs feudatarie Marquesses but that he vsd it for Horsemen which in later time was applied to this Dignitie Surely there was no necessitie that hee should vse the name for the one or the other but generally for a Souldier because indeed the old Marquesses had in their Prouinces Martiall gouernment Or if hee did vse it for Horsemen as perhaps hee might what consequence is there that thence this Honorary title should haue its deduction But howsoeuer he knows nothing of the old Monkish Rimes and Romants that knows not how vsually they abusd words of Titles Dignities and state of their own age by application of them to Countries and Times where and when they were not What doth Dan Lidgat the Monk of Bury mean when in the destruction of Thebes he saies that King Adrastus sette a Parlement And hath his letters and messer gers sent Through Greece to many sundry Kings Hem to enhast and make no lettings And round about as made is mention Hee sent also to many a Región For Princes Dukes Earles and Barons It must in charitie be thought that none of his Readers are so blockish as to beleeu that the Titles of Dukes Earles and Barons were in Greece Much of that nature is in Robert of Glocester Chaucer Gower and elswhere in Lidgat The l Constit. Feud lib 2. tit Quis dicatur Marchiani dicuntur Petro de Vincis lib. 2. Epist. 15. Imperiall Laws thus Qui de Marchia inuestitus est Marchio dicitur Dicitur autem Marchia quia Marcha vt plurimum iuxta Mare sit posita It s certain iudeed that many of the Imperial Marquisats are in a maritime coast yet plainly had their names from being Land-marches of the State and not from their maritime situation For although the Marca Anconitana Taruisana of Ferrara in Italy as also the Marquisat of the holy Empire in Brabant the Marcha Normannica and Britannica in France are maritime yet Misnia and Lusatia Brandeburg Morauia Austria Susa in Sauoy all vnder the name of Marquisats and then instituted when the Title had a reall deduction from the Prouinces are inland Countries When Charles the great had a designe of Warre against the Saxons he sent for all his forces in Guienne and commanded them thence m Adhdemar in vita Ludouic Pij relictis tantùm Marchionibus qui fines Regni tenentes omnes si fortè ingruerent hostium arcerent incursus Plainly the defending of the Marches interprets their name
then he addes Vtinam sic faciant Vxores Matres nostrorum Marchionum quacunque occasione patriam seruent incolumem labem pudoris amoueant But he means the ancient Lords Marchers of Wales in the same place speaking of Welsh irruptions Niuâ—collinus saith he not Ninicollinus as it is ignorantly printed indomitus insolescit inermes Britones intumescunt Where vnderstand those Niuicollini for Northwales men denominated by him from that Snowdon hill in Caernaruan-shire which in another p Dict. l. c. 6. place hee calls Niuium Collis as the Welsh in like signification Craig Criry Of these Marchers mention is in the Statute of Prerogatiue Exceptis Feodis Comitum Baronum de Marchia de terris in Marchia vbi breuia Domini Regis non currunt They were expresly calld Marchionis q Florilegus pag. 325. 370. edit Londin lib. Rub. scac v. Camden in Salopia Marchiones in claus 49. Hen. 3. dors memb 5. W. Rishanger sub Ann. 50. Hen. 3. Walliae also and whereas in Matthew Paris his description of the Coronation of Q. Elianor wife to Henry the III. it is reported that the Barons of the Cinque ports carried the Canopie ouer the King as their ancient right is quod tamen tunc scrupulo contentionis penitùs non carebat as he writes the opposition against them was by foure Lords Marchers Iohn Fitz-Alan Ralph of Mortimer Iohn of Monmouth and Walter of Clifford then calld Marchiones Walliae challenging that honorary office per ius Marchiae sed quodammodo saith the red book of the Exchequer friuolum reputabatur Afterward Roger of Mortimer being of great possessions and reckoning in this Trract was vpon the same Reason of Name created Earle of March by Edward III. with which others since haue beene enobled But in these was only the name not the dignity of Marchio Neither were they in English stiled Marquesses but Marchers as the most worthy Camden Clarenceulx hath obserued But the first which had this in England was the Earle of Oxford Robert of Vere Richard the second 's Mignion He made him in Parliament Marquesse of Dublin and afterward Duke of Ireland How the State lik't it Thomas of Walsingham shall tell you Creata est saith hee in hoc Parliamento IX Richard II. noua Dignitas Anglicis insueta nempe Comes Oxoniae D. Robertus de Veer appellatus factus est Marchio Dubliniae in Hibernia caeteris Comitibus hoc indignè ferentibus quòd viderent eum gradum celsiorem ipsis Regis munere percepisse praecipuè quia nec prudentiâ caeteris nec armis Valentior videbatur But vpon the infallible credit of the Record you shall haue the forme Confirmauit ipsum r Parl. 9. Ric. 2. memb 3. art 17. Marchionem de predictis titulo nomine honore per Gladij cincturam Circuli aurei suo capiti impositionem maturius inuestiuit ac chartam tradidit Eum vultu hilari inter Pares Parlamenti in gradu Celsiori videlicet inter Duces Comites sedere mandauit quod idem Marchio gratantiùs incontinenter fecit The same King made his Cousin-german Iohn of Beaufort sonne to Iohn of Gaunt and Earle of Somerset Marquesse of Dorset of which afterward Henry IV. depriu'd him and when a petition was in Parliament by the Commons for his restitution hee himself was vnwilling to bee restor'd to this kind of newly inuented Honor and Engenulant as the s Parl. 4. Hen. 4. Mem. 18. art 18. Roll speaks molt humblement pria au Roy que come le nome de Marquis fuyt estrange nome en cest Royalme qu'ilne luy vorroit ascunement doner cel nosme de Marquis qar iammais per conge du Roy il ne vorroit porter n'accepter sur luy nul tiel nosm en ascun manniere mais nient meins mesme le Count mult cordialment remercia les segneurs les Commens de leurs bons coeurs c. The Creation of Thomas Grey of the family of the L. Gray of Ruthen by Edward IV. into Marquesse of Dorset was t Patent 15. Edward 4. per Cincturam Gladij Cappae honoris Dignitatis impositionem and in that of Henry VIII his u Patent 15. Hen. 8. making the Lady Anne Rocheford daughter to Thomas Earle of Wiltshire Marchionesse of Penbreke the words are per Mantellae inductionem Circuli aurei in capite appositionem vt moris est realitèr inuestimus That Circulus aureus is a Coronet Meslée twixt our Dukes and Earles as of the French forme is before spoken Our present Soueraigne King Iames VI. of Scotland was the first Autor of this Dignitie there what euer by misconceit of that which is affirm'd of Malcolm II. may bee otherwise imagin'd Hee first honor'd the x Camden Scot. in Damnijs ancient name of Hamilton with it in Iohn sonne to Iames Duke of Chasteau Herald and Earle of Arran Spaine hath very many But the first there was Don Alfonso of Aragon Count of Denia made Marquesse of Villena by Henry II. of Castile about M. CCC LX. of Christ. So saith Stephen of Garibay and makes a Duke and a Marquesse in hearing of the Masse and sitting by the King of equall prerogatiue but addes that the Marquesse may not bear a Coronet on his head nor on his Armories nor do diuers other things which he allows their ancient Dukes aunque cessando estas cosas en los Duques con mayor occasion cessan en ellos But the Pragmatica allows Coronets vpon the Armories ' of Dukes Marquesses and Counts but vpon none others For when that was made vnder Philip II. M. D. LXXXVI it seems diuers of inferior note arrogated the same Formalitie of Crowns Comes Comes Matronae Prouinciae Comitatenses Comites Consistoriani Diuers Counties vnder some Counties as well as vnder Duchies Grafio Graffe or Graue 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 A Ring giuen in ancient inuestitures of a Count in France Their Coronet there Comes Dux and Eorle in our Saxon times Aethelings Heriots Ealdorman The Bishop of the Diocesse and Ealdorman vsd to sit in the Turne When that was forbidden Shirifes Wittenagemotes Aldermannus Totius Angliae The error of them which fetch Comites into our Saxons from those spoken of by Tacitus Earles and Comites vnder the Normans Their denominating Territorie Mabile daughter of Robert Fitzthaimon hir standing on it to haue a Husband of Two Names Henry the first 's and her discourse together exprest in very old English Rimes Creations The Third part of the Shrifwikes profits giuen to the Earle of the Countie The surrender of Hugh le Bigod his Earldom of Norfolk The supposd value in our laws of a Dukedom Marquisat and Earldom That hauing the Third part vnder the Saxons and in Hungarie anciently and to some Visconts in France A power in Earles anciently to make laws in their Counties It was anciently doubted whether an Earle might be su'd but in his own
of Audeley is created Earle of Glocester in Parlament his Patent r Rot. Parl. 11. Ed. 3. Memb. 14. ch 34. memb 23. ch 41. memb 26. ch 49. thus speaking Ipsum in Comitem Glocestriae praefecimus de statu Comitis per cincturam gladij de munificentia regia inuestimus ad nomen omen dicti loci sibi haeredibus suis perpetuò retinendum In like forme William of Clinton is made Earle of Huntindon William of Bohun Earle of Northampton and XX. l. annuity giuen out of the Countie to be receiu'd from the Shirifes hands Many such are extant in the Records And how the girding or deliuery of aâ—sword was in delegation of Imperium or power of gouernment you may see in the Roman s Xiphil in Traiano de hac re affatim Pet. ber Semest 1. cap. 2. Prefectus praetoriorum some other of that State But in later time the chief part of the Ceremony hath been thus exprest in the Patent Per Gladij Cincturam Cappae Honoris circuli Aurei impositionem in signimus inuestimus c. Yet it seems that before any of these examples a Coronet was vsd by them For in S. Edmunds Chapell in Westminster lies buried Iohn de Eltham t Vide Apologiam G. Camden pag. 13. Earle of Cornwall sonne to Edward II. with a Coronet on his head of a Ducall forme Neither in his time could the distinction bee of Ducall Crowns from Earles Crowns as now because no Duke then was in England His Coronet is now Poinctee and Fleuronèe But these Ceremonies are not vsd when an Earledome is giuen to one before possest of a greater Dignitie Then only the Charter selues as an example lately was in the making of Lewes Duke of Lennox Earle of Richmond As in the Eastern State they had their Officiarie Protocomes so in England that name once was in Praecomes u Rot. Parl. 23. Hen. 6. Angliae which grew first and died in Henry of Beauchamp Earle of Warwick vnder Henry the sixt The Scotish stories assertion that Malcolm II. first created this Title there is well tolerable the Dignities there before being all vnder the name of Thanes and Macduff Thane of Fife was first made Earle of the same Territory In Spain are now as elswhere very many and haue their Coronets on their Armories But although diuers Officiary Counts were in their Gothique times knowne by the name of Comites in their Monuments yet as a granted Honorary Title it began in the Kingdom of Castile they say but of late time that is vnder Alfonso XII Hee x A. Chr. M. CCC XXVIII made his speciall fauorit Don Aluar Nunnez Osorin Count of Trastamara Lemos Sarria Hereof saith Mariane Nouum id exemplum fuit nullis anteà in Castellae regno Comitibus The Ceremonie he describes thus Tres Offae in vini poculo oblatae cum inter se Rex Comesque tertiò inuit âssent vter prior sumeret à Rege Offâ vnâ sumptâ à Comite alterâ Ius Caldariae in Castris in Bello Vexilli proprijs insignibus distincti datum In eam sententiam confectis Tabulis atque recitatis consecutus astantium clamor plaususque laeta faustáque nouo Comiti ominantium Is instituendi Comites ritus fuit In Poland of late time both this Dignity and that of Duke began but to few Communicated My Autor thus y Martin Cromer Polon descript lib. 1. of that State Est autem pari dignatione Polonica omnis Nobilitas nec est vllum in ea Patritiorum Comitúmue discrimen exaequatâ quodam tempore omnium conditione Nuper adeò paucis quibusdam parentum vel ipsorummet amplitudine atque meritis Principum beneficio Comitum Decus denuò partum est Ducum qui peculiares habeant dominatus vel Territoria nunquam aliud genus fuit apud Polonos quam id quod à Boleslao Kriuousto Principe this Krziuoust as they write it began to raigne in 1103. propagatum fuit cum is principatum inter liberos diuisisset Verum id iam defecit But in Lithuania Prussia and Liuonia are Dukedoms Gaguin and others call them Ducatus Neither for that State be satisfied here without seeing what we haue in the next Chapter of their Uaiuods and Chastelans Of Counts Palatin two sorts in old storie Palatins generally Counts Palatin without Territory made at this day by the Emperor and Pope Comes Palatij Curator Palatij The office of Comes Palatij in the old French State Chaplains whence so calld Maire Du Maison Count du Palais not the same anciently against diuers that affirme the contrarie Maioratus Senescalcia The true deduction of the name of Counts Palatin differing from the vulgar Psaltzgraffe of Rhine Landgraue Rigordus amended The Palatinat of Champagne Of Chester Durham Ely and Lancaster The Curtan sword born by the Earle of Chester at the mariage of Henry III. Franchise de Werk in our Law Annals Hexamshire Hengstaldemshire its name in our Monks amended Hexam vnited to Northumberland Palatins in Poland their Vaiuods 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chastellans Palatins in Leitow CHAP. V. AS one diuision of Counts is into PALATIN and Prouinciall The Palatins hauing their denomination from Palatium the Palace or Kings Court the Pronincials from their Prouinces so of Palatins some had that generall name for liuing z Cod. tit de Priuil eor qui sac Palat. Militant lib. 1. tit 34. in Palatia as Palatina Officia and Palatini Comitatenses for the Emperors Gard and the like Others were more specialy titled Comites Palatij as chief Iudges and Vicegerents in the Court for administration of Iustice of whom most mention is in the French storie Of those of the first kind is frequent mention in both the Codes but so that the word Palatins comprehend also whatsoeuer officers were employ'd in the Palace 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith an old Glossary of the Law 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. By a common name of Palatins are cald all such as were Officers in the Palace about the Treasurie and interprets it also by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Court Officers Of Prouinciall Counts alreadie But all honor'd with the Comitiua and following the Emperor might well be and were stil'd among this first kind of Palatins Among these are reckon'd such as haue arrogated that name from XX. years Profession of Grammar Rhetorique Law or the like in Constantinople by a a C. lib. 12. tit 15. 13. vide Cassi dor Var. 6. Form 19. Symmach lib. 1. epist. 26. 37. Constitution of Theodosius and Valentinian which at this day is in the Empire made vse of as also those created Count Palatins without any Territory both by Pope and Emperor which haue with their Honor b Pith. des Com. tes de Champ. luire 1. the Prerogatiues of making publique Notaries constituting Iudges legitimating of Bastards immunitie from Imposts and the like It is written on the Tomb
alij praesules saith he in partem solicitudinis à summo Pontifice euocantur vt spiritualem exerceant Gladium sic a Principe in Ensis Materialis communionem Comites quidam quasi Mundani iuris Praesules asciscuntur Et quidem qui hoc Officij gerunt in Palatio Iuris Autoritate Palatini sunt qui in Prouincijs Prouinciales Whereto adde but that such as with Palatin iurisdiction are constituted ouer Prouinces are Palatins in Prouinces and the true cause and origination of the name is thence most manifest For the Empire you see how this fits in the Palatins or Pfaltzgraffen of Rhine of whose Territorie and State the learned and Noble Marquard Freher Counsellor to the present Frederick v. hath sufficiently instructed his Readers That Prince Palatin is by ancient institution in n Verba Aureae Bullae Carol. 4. cap. 5. partibus Rheni sueuiae in Iure Franconio ratione Principatus seu Comitatus Palatini priuilegio Prouisor ipsius imperij administrator in the Vacancie of the Empire but specially also Imperator siue Rex Romanorum supra causis pro quibus impetitus fuerit habeat sicut ex consuetudine introductum dicitur coram Comite Palatino Rheni sacri Imperij Archidapifero Electore Principe respnodere illud tamen iudicium Comes ipse Palatinus non alibi praeterquam in Imperiali Curia vbi Imperator seu Romanorum Rex praesens extiterit poterit exercere And wheras some * De Duce Saxoniae v. Marqhuard Freher Orig. Palat. 1. Dukes Marquesses and Counts challenging and enioy 〈…〉 almost all soueraintie haue not this addition you must remember that the first institution of an honor and continuance of the name vsd are the main causes of a distinct Title not so much vsurpation of Royalties or lawfull possessession alone The very word Landtgraue among the Princes of the Empire is known of great Dignitie and neer the best of Soueraintie yet it literally interprets but Comes Prouincialis although an old o Rigordus in vita Philippi Aug. pag. 207. French autor regarding more the substance of it as it s appli'd then the signification turns it into Comes Palatinus Eodem anno saith he that is M. CCVIII quidam Comes Palatinus qui eorum lingua Landgraue the printed books haue Landanga but questionles erroneously vocabatur Philippum Romanum Imperatorem interfecit The like in proportion must be thought of an ignorant p Roger. de Houeden in Hen. 2. fol. 339. English writer of the Monkish times deliuering that Prothosouastos he means Protosebastos in Latin is Comes Palatij He knew it was a great Dignitie in the Eastern Empire and therefore thought so In France vntill Thebault the Great Count of Champagne about M. XXX I remember not any Prouinciall Count hauing this title of Palatin But he then reuolting from Hen. 1. of France and ioyning to the German Emperor Henry III. either took from the Emperor or arrogated to himself the Title In his Charters is read Theobaldus Comes Campaniae Palatinus and in French Thebault de Champagne Brie Quens Palazins as q Et voyes Andre de Chesne Antiq. Recherch liure 1. chap. 73. Pithou deliuers That Countie is now long time hath bin in the Crown but retains stil good marks of Palatin souerainty This Honor hath bin and is in England at this day Chester Durham Ely Lancaster are famous by it Oâ—e Hugh Wolf was made Earl of Chester by William I. and the Countie giuen him in see Tenendum sibi Heredibus ita vere ad Gladium sicut ipse Rex tenebat Angliam ad Coronam And as the King so hee for his heirs there had their Barons by thâ—t name specially known In a Charter of the same Hugh's foundation of the Monasterie of S. Werburg he saies Ego Comes Hugo mei Barones confirmauimus And in Liberties anciently giuen by one of the Ranulphs Count Palatin there to his Barons hee r Inspex 18. Hen. 6 part 2. memb 34. grants quod vnusquisque eorum Curiam suam habeat liberam de omnibus Placitis querelis in Curia Mea motis exceptis Placitis ad Gladium meum Pertinentibus For their Barons more anon But the Soueraintie claimd by those Earls may well appeare in a relation of Earl Iohn his carrying the Sword calld the Curtan at the marriage of Henry III. and Queen Elianor daughter to Raymund Earle of Prouence Comite Cestriae saith Matthew Raris Gladium S. Edwardi qui Curtein dicitur ante Regem baiulante in siguum quod Comes est Palatinus Regem si oberret habeat de iure Potestatem cohibendi suo sibi scilicet Cestrensi Constabulario ministrante virga populum cum se incrdinatè ingereret subtrahente This Countie Palatine hath its Officers almost as the King in Westminster Hall Lancaster by Edward III. was created into a Countie Palatin by expresse name the Charters and particulars whereof euery Student knows out of Plowden These two being both now in the Crown may be calld Lay Palatinats with vs for also of great autoritie are the other two of Durham and Ely but both Bishopriques That of Ely began to be so vnder Henry the first That of Durham I think vnder the Norman Conqueror For one Egelric being there Bishop about his time was for offence to the State deposd and in his steed one Walker put qui esset Dux pariter Prouinciae Episcopus as the Monk of s De gest Pontis lib. 3. Malmesbury saies fraenarétque rebellionem Gentis Gladio reformaret mores eloquio But the chief priuiledges of Durham haue been anciently deriud from the holy respect had to S. Cutbert Bishop of Lindisfarn that is now calld Holy Iland whose bodie was thence in the Saxon times translated into Durham Therefore the Monks stile it Cutberti Terra and call the t Hist. Dunel apud Camd. country men Halywerk Folks which is ment in one of our u 5. Ed. 〈◊〉 fol. 58. pl. 88. yeer-books where Durham is rememberd with the name of Franchise de Werk For so you must read not Franchise de Wrek as the publisht books haue The case is in them misreported and very imperfit See the x Tit. Iurisdiction 30. Abridgment of it which questionles was from a better copie and you will confesse it Neither without that can you find reason why the Writ of Right of Aduowson should lie at Westminster for an enheritance in Durham The Bishop is there calld Count Paleys and in another place y 17. Ed. 3. fol. 36. pl. 4. Counte de Palais and that he was z 14. Ed. 3. tit Error 6. vide Bracton lib. 3. de Corona cap. 8. § 4. Come Roy. In the North parts anciently Hexamshire was reckond for a Countie Palatin It is the same which in the printed Monks occurrs by name of Hangulstad or Hangulstadeim and the like names corrupted But my Ms. of a De gest
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which Gothofred interprets by Biscuit But I haue not yet perswaded my self to consent with this learn'd Bertrand nor yet to beleeu that I know the true etymon of Bachelor Other coniectures are of it but none that I dare relie on The name is occurring in old Storie as Chiualeirs ieunes Bachelers and Banniers and Bachiliers for Bannerets and Bachelers in Froissart and some passages in Adam Myrimoth and others In no ancient Nation almost hath been wanting some honor proportionable to this of Knighthood Of the Romans and Grecians something alreadie The Carthaginians vsd for euery Militarie voyage to giue him that had gone a t 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ring Euery man mongst the Macedonians vntill he had slaine an enemie went girded with a u 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Halter And no Scythian x Herodot hist. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aristot. Politic. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 cap. 〈◊〉 vbi exempla caeteâ—a might drink of a specially honored cup mongst them vntill hee had embru'd himself in an enemies bloud Next of their Degradation The form of that will best appear in examples First of Sir Andrew Harkley vnder Edward II. made Earl of Carliel and soon turning traytor The King sent his Commission to Sir Anthony Lucy a Knight of that Countrie to arraign him The Acts and words of Sir Anthony in this businesse the rather because the degradation from another Dignitie is included in them out of an old y Fruct Temp. Caxton Ms. English Chronicle I thus transcribe to you The same Andrew was take at Cardoill Carleill and lede vnto the Barre in manner of an Erl worthyly arrayede and with a swerd gert aboute him and hosed and spored Tho spake Sir Antonie in this mannere Sir Andrew quoth he the Kinge dede vnto you much Honor and made you Erle of Cardoill And Thou as a traytor vnto thi Lorde the King laddest his people of this Countrie that should haue holp him at the battaille of Beighland away by the Countrie of Copeland and thorugh the Erldome of Lancaster Wherfore our Lorde the Kinge was scomâ—ited there of the Scottis thorugh thi tresoun and â—alsenes and if thou haddest come betymes he had hed the maistrye And all that tresoun thou dedest for the somme of Gold and Syluer that thou vnderfeng of Iames Duglas a Scotte the Kinges enemie And our Lord the King is will is that the ordre of Knighthode by the which thou vnderfeng all in honor and in wurshipe oppon thi body ben all brought vnto nought and thi State vndon that other Knights of lower degree now after the be ware the which Lorde hath the auanced hugely in diuerse Countrees of England and all now take ensample by the * Their. here Lorde afterward for to serue Tho commanded he a knaue anoon to hewe of his spores of his heles And after he lete breke the swerd ouer his heed the which the Kinge him gafe to keepe and defende his lande therwith when he made him Erl of Cardoill And after he lete him vnclothe of his Furred Taberd and his hoode and of his furred Cotys and of his gyrdell and when this was done Sir Antonie said him Andrew quoth he now e rt thou no Knight but a knaue And so gaue iudgment on him that hee should be drawn hangd and quarterd and his head set on London Bridge which was executed Walsingham in his Ypodigma remembers this but briefly And one addeth that he was a Th. Auensburie apud Camden in Brigant Calceis Chirothecis exutus also Some difference is in that of Sir Ralph Grey condemnd of Treason by the Earle of Worcester high Constable of England vnder Edward IV at Doncaster The b I. Stow. preamble of the iudgment was thus Sir Ralph Grey for thy treason the King had ordained that thou shouldest haue had thy spurs striken off by the hard heels by the hand of the Master Cooke who is here readie to do as was promised thee at the time that hee took off thy spurrs and said to thee as is accustomed that and thou be not true to the soueraigne Lord hee shall smite off thy spurrs with his Knife hard by the heeles and so shewed him the Master Cook readie to doe his Office with his weapon and his Knife Of this more where wee speak of the Order of the Bath Moreouer Sir Ralph Grey the King had Ordeind here thou mayest see the Kinges of Armes and Heralds and thine own proper coat of armes which they should teare off thy bodie and so shouldst thou as well be degraded of thy Worship Noblesse and Armes as of thy order of Knighthood Also here is another coate of thine Armes reuersed the which thou shouldest haue worne on thy body going to thy death-wards for that belongeth to thee after the law Notwithstanding the disgrading of Knighthood and of thine armes and Noblesse the Ring pardoneth that for thy noble Grandfather who suffered trouble for the Kings mâ—st noble predecessors And then hee gaue c De Degradatione Militum consulas licet Segarum lib. 2. cap. 4. huc non libuit transferre iudgement on him For a Corollarie to our Knights I adde that of Iehan le Breton in his Chapter De appels de Mayhems speaking thus in the Kings person Ascuns trespasses sont nequedent pluis punnissables sicome trespas fait en temps de peas a Chiualers au a autres gentz Honorables par Ribaus par autres Viles persones en quel cas nous volons que si ribaud soit atteint a la suyte de chescum Chiualer qu'il eit seru par felonie sans desert de Chiualer que le Ribaud perd son poin d' ont il trespassa That a base fellow should loose his hand for striking a Knight excepted in time of Ioustes or Torneaments Of other particular attributes to Knight by reason of distinct orders presently after we haue first spoken somwhat of Esquire That name challenges the next place here although not by precedence yet because it is not so peculiar to certaine time or place as the Orders and no more then the generall name of Knight Escuyer Scutifer 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Armiger Attendance by Esquires on the ancient Gaulish Knights Schilpor Shield-knapa Knaue Grand Escuyer Tzaggae Fiue ranks of Esquires When in England it began to be honorarie The Collar of S.S. How Armiger became significant as in our daies Peers Lex terrae and Amittere legem Terrae Exposition of gents de lour Condition in the Statut de Proditoribus Richard Earle of Cornwall brother to Hen. III. would not acknowledge the English Barons his Peers Triall by Peers Amerciament by Peers How a Bishop partakes of the prerogatiues of the greater Nobilitie Pares Curtis Douze pairs du France Their iustitution Patricius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 giuen to Ioseph by the Egyptians CHAP. X. AS most other Dignities had their beginning out of some Officiarie performance
Palatin See in Durham in Lancaster in Elie in Hexamshire and in Comes Palatij Palatini Archiduces 193 Palatin whence so calld 241. seq Palazins 242. 246. Count du Palais 242. 243. Deriuation of the Nature and Name otherwise then the Vulgar 244. 245. Of the Empire 246. of France ibid. of England 246. 247. 248. of Poland See in Vaiuods Palatinatus 249 Palatij Custos Comes 242. 388 389 Parlaments 226. 227. 274. 278. and see in Barons and Mikelsynods and in Wittenagemots Patro in Cicero 259 Pares Baronum Comitum 275. 277 Pares and Peers in attainder 285 Pares and Peers in Our Law 345. 346. 347. and amerciament per Pares 347. and Pares Regij 348 Pares or Peers of France their number and Dignitie 349. See Peers Parium conuentus 350 Pares Curtis 348 Pagham or Paganham in Sussex 301 Peleg 7 Pentateuch in Greek before Plato 15 Perseus King of Macedon his inscription of letters to P. Aemylius 29 Persian Empire the speciall honor of it anciently 33. See in Salutations iu Ali in Sophi in Shach in Ismael in Nisan in Cafe in Kissiplassa in Othomaniques in Aelamits in Magi. Persian Kings Title at large anciently 112. and the inauguration 135. See in Eagle in Tiar in Melophori in Sun in Salchodai in Mithra Peacocks feathers Crown 57 Peers at the Childbirth 176 Peers See Pares Pesagium granted 199 Peetermen of Louan 372 Pfaltzgrauen 221. 245 Phoebitius 9 Philip of Valois his letters to Edward III. about not calling him King of France 30 Phoenician letters what they were 69. 70 Pharaoh 72. 73. the speciall names of those Pharaohs in holie writ 73. the word what it is 74. Pharaohs Diadem 141 Phateme Mahumeds daughter 100 Philetaerus his Crown and Coin 145 Pit and Gallows of Scotland 286 Plato if hee read the Bible 15 Plurall number why vsed to or of a singular person 114 Pope titled Doctor only by the Moscouit 28. if he gaue him the Title of Emperor ibid. See in Florence in England in Anselm in Fatuitas in Leo in Kissing No Emperor writes himself more then Elect or Rex Romanorum till annointed by the Pope 171. seq 387 Porphyrogenitus whence what 81. seq to whom giuen ibid. Porphyra a house for the Empresse to be deliuerd in 82. 83 Pontus Euxinus 90 Posoch the Crosse on the Muscouits Cap. 152 Porphyrius whence the name 144 Pomum Imperiale 158 Polack Nobilitie 240. 249 Prometheus the first that ruled and was King according to Greek vanitie 116. his hauing a Crown 142. 143 Princeps Principatus 19 Prester Iohn 85. called Beldigian Ioannes Enco Belul Gian Iochabellul 86. 87. not titled Emperor of the Abisens but Ethiopians 86. Presbyter Ioannes and Prester Iehan how these names came to be giuen him 87. the confusion of the names of the Asiatique Prestigiani and the Ethiopian Emperor 87. his Title at large 88 Prestigiani i. Apostolique 87. 88 Pristijuan 88 Priti Ioan. in Praef. Protosymbulus 23. 377 Prouinciall of Rome 80. 130. Princes of the Empire 116 Pragmatica of Spain touching Titles and Dignities 126. 180. 206. 214 Princeps Iuuentutis 169 Princeps Senatus 170 Prince of Wales when first in the heires apparant of England 177. 178 Prince of Scotland 179 Prencipe de las Asturias 179 Prussia giuen to the Duke 191. Dukes in Prussia 194 240 Protocomes Angliae 239 Primus Comes Palatinus 242 Protosebastus 246 Principautes 256 Punique See in Tongues Purple how a Note Royall and when first 83. See in Shooes Purpureus what it signifies 144 Punishment See in Crosse in Othes in Pit and Gallows Q QVen Quena 44. 246 Queen whence deriued 44 Quirinus and Quirites whence 149 R RAdiant Helme 140. For Radiant see in Florence and in Sun Rabbins interpretation of the plurall vsd in the beginning of Genesis 114. learned of a maid asking her Mistresse for a broom how to vnderstand a place of Scripture in Praef. Ramsey Abbey sounded 227 Rape of Arundel 235 Radknights what 334 Ralph Grey Knight his purposed degradation 339 Rex Regifugium 19. 20. seq Regillianus his being made Emperor by his name 20 Reguli 31 Rex Regum 32. 34. See in King and in Sicilie Reges hominum Rex Regum 35 Red shooes who might weare them 24. 156 Regiae Stellae 67 Rex Credentium 99 Regnum i. a Crown 151 Rex Romanorum 170 Rex Italiae ibid. Reges the generall name of Kings children 176 Regum Amici 185 Reliefs 232. 272 Rheims Bishop 132 Reuersion of all Appenages Dukedoms and Counties in France vpon default of heirs males in the Crown 196 Ressort Souerantè 196 Riga for Regem or Rex 23 Ring to Henrie 11. sent from the Pope as an Inuestiture of Ireland 56. 57 Ring an ancient materiall in giuing of dignitie 199. 200. See in Inuestiture in Duke Count Marquis and Vicount Rings of gold how and to what vse in old Rome 323. giuen at the giuing of Ingenuitie 325 Right worshipfull 124 Richmond Earldom 199. 229 Ricos hombres 289 Richard Earle of Cornwall brother to Henrie III. 345 Riders 332 Rosse Earldom 179 Rothsay Dukedom 179 Robert of Veer made Duke of Ireland and Marquisse of Dublin 216 Rowland 242 Robert Grostest his answere to Henrie III. questioning him whence he so well was able to instruct yong courtiers in fine Praefat. Rodulph 11. Emperor his League with the Turk about their Titles 113 Round Tables 365. 366 Romanorum Imperator 387 Rubeum Caput 83. 84 Russia Alba Nigra 84 Russian See Muscouir S SAlchodai of the Persians what 11 Salutations twixt Emperors 38. 40. in Rome anciently twixt common persons 47. flattering salutations forbidden by the Emperor 40. Persian salutations 40. 41. Iewish 49. 52. Punique and Syrian and Greek 53. Turkish 98. See in Pragmatica and in Superiors Sanctitas Regum 65 Saba Queen whence 73 Salomon and Q. Maqueda 86 Sabaei and Terra Sabaea 86 Sarmatians planted in Europe 91 92 Saxonie Dukedom 116. its Coat and inuestiture 152 Sanctissimus 121 Sacred Maiestie 123 Saturn President of the Iewish law in Astrologie 166. See Belus Salique law whence and when and by whom composd 175. 299. Salica Terra what 175. 296 Saxon Nobilitie anciently 177. 204 268 Sagibaro 261 Sach or Sake 261 Saccabor Sathabor c. 263 Sagmaria 291 Saumarius 291 Sardanapalus 6 Sanzacbegler 355. 377. 379 Scaligeran familie 92 Scepter how anciently a token of Roialtie 154. Eagles born and other birds on the top of it 155. an ensigne of the Consuls 155. swearing by it 157. why and whence it was vsd in othes 158 Scutarius 340 Scales 263 Scilpor 341 Scotlands King free as the Emperor 27. knighted here in England and his excepting against the Marshals fees 315 Sesostris Sesoosis or Sefonchosis 32. 73. 46 Septimius Seuerus why calld Arabicus 86 Semper Augustus Semper inuictus 89 Seat of the Great Chan. 92 Seals who might vse them