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be_v to_o be_v between_o that_o and_o the_o hebrew_n tongue_n but_o most_o evident_a witness_n for_o the_o punicall_a tongue_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o his_o 44._o epistle_n ad_fw-la maximum_fw-la madaurensem_fw-la in_o which_o he_o answer_v he_o sober_o for_o his_o scoff_a and_o jest_n at_o certain_a punicall_a word_n in_o derogation_n of_o the_o christianes_n after_o wonder_v that_o he_o be_v a_o african_a bear_v and_o write_v to_o aphricane_n shall_v find_v fault_n with_o the_o punicall_a name_n and_o word_n and_o after_o commendation_n of_o the_o tongue_n for_o that_o many_o thing_n have_v right_a wise_o be_v commend_v to_o memory_n by_o great_a learned_a man_n in_o book_n of_o the_o punicall_a language_n at_o length_n conclude_v against_o he_o thus_o poeniteat_fw-la te_fw-la certè_fw-la ibi_fw-la natum_fw-la ubi_fw-la huiusmodi_fw-la linguae_fw-la cunabula_fw-la recalent_fw-la in_o good_a forth_o thou_o may_v be_v sorry_a in_o thy_o heart_n that_o thou_o be_v bear_v there_o 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that_o there_o be_v latin_a christiane_n and_o punicall_a christiane_n in_o aphrica_fw-la of_o who_o all_o understand_v not_o the_o latin_a service_n and_o whereas_o s._n augustine_n as_o you_o allege_v he_o without_o show_v the_o place_n as_o your_o manner_n be_v whereby_o you_o may_v easy_o deceive_v the_o reader_n have_v these_o word_n in_o his_o sermon_n to_o the_o common_a people_n diverse_a time_n nunc_fw-la loquar_fw-la latinè_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la intelligatis_fw-la now_o will_v i_o speak_v latin_n that_o you_o may_v all_o understand_v i_o of_o that_o say_n if_o any_o such_o be_v may_v be_v gather_v that_o sometime_o he_o speak_v in_o the_o punicall_a tongue_n to_o the_o punicall_a christiane_n not_o understand_v the_o latin_n but_o now_o among_o the_o latin_a aphricane_n that_o be_v of_o the_o roman_a kind_n and_o understand_v not_o the_o punic_n he_o will_v speak_v latin_n that_o all_o such_o shall_v understand_v he_o who_o so_o desire_v further_a to_o be_v persuade_v that_o the_o people_n of_o aphrica_n call_v poeni_n speak_v and_o understand_v their_o own_o
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only_o of_o plain_a and_o open_o pronounce_v and_o that_o where_o the_o tongue_n of_o the_o service_n be_v understand_v see_v the_o church_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n have_v their_o service_n in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n to_o they_o unknowen_a well_o near_o a_o thousand_o year_n past_a see_v the_o place_n of_o s._n paul_n to_o the_o corinthian_n either_o pertain_v not_o to_o this_o purpose_n or_o if_o it_o be_v so_o grant_v for_o the_o diversity_n of_o state_n of_o that_o and_o of_o this_o our_o time_n it_o permit_v a_o diversity_n of_o observation_n in_o this_o behalf_n though_o some_o likeness_n and_o resemblance_n yet_o reserve_v see_v great_a profit_n come_v to_o the_o faithful_a people_n have_v it_o so_o as_o they_o understand_v it_o not_o final_o see_v the_o example_n rehearse_v herein_o to_o be_v follow_v be_v of_o small_a authority_n in_o respect_n either_o of_o antiquity_n or_o of_o true_a religion_n as_o the_o bold_a assertion_n of_o m._n juell_n be_v plain_o disprove_v 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gelasius_n go_v about_o to_o spread_v their_o heresy_n in_o rome_n and_o in_o the_o party_n of_o italy_n their_o heretical_a opinion_n be_v that_o christ_n take_v not_o our_o flesh_n and_o blood_n but_o that_o he_o have_v a_o fantastical_a body_n and_o die_v not_o ne_z rose_z again_o trulye_a and_o in_o deed_n but_o by_o way_n of_o fantasy_n and_o therefore_o at_o the_o communion_n they_o abstein_v from_o the_o cup_n and_o the_o better_a to_o cloak_v their_o heresy_n come_v to_o receive_v the_o sacrament_n in_o the_o form_n of_o bread_n with_o other_o catholic_a people_n against_o who_o leo_n say_v thus_o gesima_fw-la serm._n 4._o de_fw-fr quadra_fw-la gesima_fw-la abdicant_fw-la enim_fw-la se_fw-la sacramento_fw-la salutis_fw-la nostrae_fw-la etc_n they_o dryve_v then selue_o away_o from_o the_o sacrament_n of_o our_o salvation_n and_o as_o they_o deny_v that_o christ_n our_o lord_n be_v bear_v in_o truth_n of_o our_o flesh_n so_o they_o believe_v not_o that_o he_o die_v and_o rise_v again_o true_o and_o for_o this_o cause_n they_o condemn_v the_o day_n of_o our_o salvation_n and_o gladness_n that_o be_v the_o sunnedaye_n to_o be_v their_o sad_a fastinge_a day_n and_o where_o as_o to_o cloak_v their_o infidelity_n they_o dare_v to_o be_v at_o our_o mystery_n they_o temper_v themselves_o so_o in_o the_o communion_n of_o the_o sacrament_n as_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n they_o may_v the_o more_o safe_o keep_v they_o privye_v with_o unworthy_a mowth_n they_o receive_v christ_n body_n but_o to_o drink_v the_o blood_n of_o our_o redemption_n utter_o they_o will_v none_o of_o it_o which_o thing_n we_o will_v advertise_v your_o holiness_n of_o that_o both_o such_o man_n may_v be_v manifest_v by_o these_o token_n unto_o you_o and_o also_o that_o they_o who_o devilish_a simulation_n and_o feign_v be_v find_v be_v bring_v to_o light_n and_o bewray_v of_o the_o fellowship_n of_o saint_n may_v be_v thrust_v out_o of_o the_o church_n by_o priestly_a authority_n thus_o far_o be_v leo_n his_o word_n gelasius_n that_o succeed_v forty_o year_n after_o leo_n employ_v no_o less_o diligence_n than_o he_o do_v utter_o to_o vanquish_v and_o abolish_v that_o horrible_a heresy_n of_o who_o platina_n write_v that_o he_o banish_v so_o many_o manichee_n as_o be_v find_v at_o rome_n and_o there_o open_o burn_v their_o book_n and_o because_o this_o heresy_n shall_v none_o else_o where_o take_v root_n and_o springe_n he_o write_v a_o epistle_n to_o maiâ—ricus_n and_o joannes_n two_o bishop_n amongst_o other_o thing_n warn_v they_o of_o the_o same_o out_o of_o which_o epistle_n this_o fragment_n only_o be_v take_v whereby_o he_o do_v both_o brief_o show_v what_o the_o manichee_n do_v for_o cloak_v of_o their_o infidelity_n as_o leo_n say_v and_o also_o in_o as_o much_o as_o their_o opinion_n be_v that_o christ_n body_n have_v not_o very_a blood_n as_o be_v fantastical_a only_o and_o therefore_o superstitious_o abstein_v from_o the_o cup_n of_o that_o holy_a blood_n geve_v 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the_o most_o part_n and_o it_o have_v never_o be_v reprove_v by_o any_o catholic_a doctor_n but_o if_o by_o the_o common_a prayer_n you_o mean_v the_o public_a service_n of_o the_o church_n whereof_o the_o most_o part_n have_v be_v pronounce_v by_o the_o bishop_n priest_n deacons_n and_o other_o ecclesiastical_a minister_n the_o people_n to_o sundry_a part_n of_o it_o say_v amen_o or_o otherwise_o geve_v their_o assent_n i_o grant_v some_o understand_v the_o language_n thereof_o and_o some_o understand_v it_o not_o i_o mean_v for_o the_o time_n you_o refer_v we_o unto_o even_o of_o syx_n hundred_o year_n after_o christ_n conversation_n here_o in_o earth_n for_o about_o nine_o hundred_o year_n past_a it_o be_v certain_a the_o people_n in_o some_o country_n have_v their_o service_n in_o a_o unknowen_a tongue_n as_o it_o shall_v be_v prove_v of_o our_o own_o country_n of_o england_n but_o to_o speak_v first_o of_o antiquity_n and_o of_o the_o compass_n of_o your_o first_o syx_n hundred_o 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ordain_v that_o psalm_n shall_v be_v long_o in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n alternatim_fw-la interchangeable_o or_o by_o course_n so_o as_o now_o we_o sing_v they_o in_o the_o quyere_o and_o that_o in_o the_o end_n of_o every_o psalm_n shall_v be_v say_v gloria_fw-la patri_fw-la &_o filio_fw-la &_o spiritui_fw-la sancto_fw-la sicut_fw-la erat_fw-la etc_n which_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v do_v by_o counsel_n of_o s._n hierome_n presbyterum_fw-la in_o rescripto_fw-la hieronymi_n ad_fw-la 2._o epist_n damasi_fw-la papae_fw-la ad_fw-la hieronymun_n presbyterum_fw-la that_o the_o faith_n of_o the_o 318._o bishop_n of_o the_o nicene_n council_n may_v with_o like_a fellowship_n be_v declare_v in_o the_o mowthe_n of_o the_o latin_n to_o who_o damasus_n write_v by_o bonifacius_n the_o priest_n to_o jerusalem_n that_o hierom_n will_v send_v unto_o he_o psallentiam_fw-la graecorum_n the_o manner_n of_o sing_v of_o the_o greek_n so_o as_o he_o have_v learn_v the_o same_o of_o alexander_n the_o bishop_n in_o the_o east_n in_o that_o epistle_n complain_v of_o the_o simplicity_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n he_o say_v that_o there_o be_v in_o the_o sunnedaye_n but_o one_o epistle_n of_o the_o apostle_n and_o one_o chapter_n of_o the_o gospel_n rehearse_v and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o sing_v with_o the_o voice_n hear_v nor_o the_o comeliness_n of_o hymn_n know_v among_o they_o about_o the_o same_o time_n s._n ambrose_n also_o take_v order_n for_o the_o service_n of_o his_o church_n of_o milan_n and_o make_v holy_a hymn_n himself_o confessionun_n lib._n confessionun_n in_o who_o time_n as_o s._n augustine_n write_v when_o justina_n the_o young_a emperor_n valentinians_n mother_n for_o cause_n of_o her_o heresy_n wherewith_o she_o be_v seduce_v by_o the_o arianes_n persecute_v the_o catholic_a faith_n and_o the_o people_n thereof_o occupy_v themselves_o in_o devoute_a watch_n more_o than_o before_o time_n ready_a to_o dye_v with_o their_o bishop_n in_o that_o quarrel_n it_o be_v 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the_o same_o tongue_n as_o gennadius_n record_v but_o what_o shall_v we_o speak_v of_o all_o the_o east_n neither_o all_o the_o lesser_a asia_n and_o the_o country_n there_o adjoin_v speak_v not_o greke_n one_n generation_n before_o the_o come_n of_o christ_n for_o if_o all_o have_v speak_v greke_n mithridates_n that_o renown_a king_n of_o pontus_n have_v not_o need_v to_o have_v learn_v two_o and_o twenty_o language_n of_o so_o many_o nation_n he_o be_v king_n over_o to_o make_v answer_n to_o suitor_n to_o appoint_v they_o order_n and_o law_n and_o in_o open_a audience_n to_o speak_v to_o they_o in_o so_o many_o language_n with_o out_o a_o interpreter_n as_o pliny_n write_v 24._o natural_a hist_o lib._n 7._o cap._n 24._o here_o if_o these_o 22._o nation_n of_o 22._o sundry_a tongue_n have_v also_o beside_o their_o own_o language_n speak_v greke_n and_o understand_v the_o same_o pliny_n will_v not_o have_v utter_v that_o word_n sine_fw-la interpret_v without_o a_o interpreter_n and_o likewise_o that_o king_n have_v take_v vain_a labour_n in_o learning_n those_o tongue_n where_o one_o may_v have_v serve_v his_o turn_n near_o to_o this_o king_n dominion_n in_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o sea_n euxinus_n in_o the_o land_n of_o colchis_n 5._o li._n 6._o nat_n hist_o ca._n 5._o there_o stand_v a_o city_n name_v dioscurias_n so_o much_o haunt_v of_o stranger_n that_o as_o pliny_n write_v by_o record_n of_o timosthenes_n it_o be_v resort_v unto_o of_o three_o hundred_o nation_n of_o distincte_n language_n and_o that_o the_o roman_n for_o the_o better_a expedition_n of_o their_o affair_n there_o have_v at_o length_n lie_v in_o the_o same_o cxxx_o interpreter_n now_o if_o all_o the_o orient_a have_v speak_v greke_n as_o s._n hieromes_n word_n seem_v to_o import_v the_o roman_n shall_v not_o have_v need_v to_o have_v maineteyn_v there_o to_o their_o great_a charge_n so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o interpreter_n to_o be_v their_o agentes_fw-la there_o but_o for_o proufe_v that_o 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the_o latin_a tongue_n which_o be_v the_o learned_a tongue_n of_o the_o west_n that_o the_o latin_a church_n or_o the_o west_n church_n for_o so_o it_o be_v call_v have_v the_o service_n in_o latin_a i_o grant_v the_o chief_a region_n and_o country_n of_o the_o latin_a church_n with_o in_o the_o foresaid_a syx_n hundred_o year_n be_v these_o italy_n aphrike_n illyrike_v both_o pannony_n now_o call_v hungary_n and_o austria_n gallia_n now_o france_n and_o spain_n the_o country_n of_o germany_n pole_n and_o swethen_n and_o those_o north_n part_n receive_v the_o faith_n long_o since_o the_o country_n of_o britain_n here_o have_v receive_v the_o faith_n in_o most_o place_n but_o be_v dryven_v from_o the_o open_a profession_n of_o it_o again_o by_o the_o cruel_a persecution_n of_o diocletian_n the_o emperor_n at_o which_o persecution_n s._n alban_n with_o many_o other_o suffer_v martyrdom_n after_o that_o these_o country_n have_v be_v instruct_v in_o the_o faith_n as_o thing_n grow_v to_o perfection_n they_o have_v their_o service_n according_o no_o doubt_n such_o as_o be_v use_v in_o the_o church_n from_o whence_o their_o first_o apostle_n and_o preacher_n be_v send_v and_o because_o the_o first_o preacher_n of_o the_o faith_n come_v to_o these_o west_n party_n from_o rome_n direct_v some_o from_o s._n peter_n some_o from_o clement_n some_o other_o afterward_o from_o other_o bishop_n of_o that_o see_v apostolic_a they_o plant_v and_o set_v up_o in_o the_o country_n by_o they_o convert_v the_o service_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n or_o some_o other_o very_o like_a and_o that_o in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n only_o for_o aught_o that_o can_v be_v show_v to_o the_o contrary_n wherein_o i_o refer_v i_o only_o to_o the_o first_o syx_n hundred_o year_n now_o that_o such_o service_n be_v understand_v of_o those_o people_n that_o speak_v and_o understand_v latin_a no_o man_n deny_v for_o to_o some_o nation_n that_o be_v a_o native_a and_o a_o mother_n tongue_n as_o the_o greke_n be_v to_o the_o grecian_n m._n juell_n allege_v for_o the_o have_v of_o the_o prayer_n and_o service_n in_o a_o vulgar_a tongue_n as_o for_o england_n in_o the_o english_a for_o ireland_n in_o the_o irish_a for_o doucheland_n in_o the_o douche_n tongue_n etc_fw-la authority_n and_o example_n of_o the_o church_n where_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o primitive_a church_n the_o greke_n and_o latin_a tongue_n be_v the_o usual_a and_o common_a tongue_n of_o the_o people_n bring_v nothing_o for_o proufe_v of_o that_o which_o lie_v in_o controversy_n arnobius_n say_v he_o call_v the_o latin_a tongue_n solute_v m._n juelles_n allegationâ—_n solute_v sermonem_fw-la italum_n s._n ambrose_n in_o milan_n s._n augustine_n in_o aphrike_n s._n gregory_n in_o rome_n preach_v in_o latin_a and_o the_o people_n understand_v they_o what_o then_o no_o man_n deny_v you_o this_o 4_o hexaeme_n ron_fw-mi hom_n 4_o s._n basile_n also_o speak_v of_o a_o sound_n which_o the_o man_n woman_n and_o child_n 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not_o with_o voice_n as_o
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that_o all_o sort_n of_o people_n in_o aphrica_n understand_v not_o the_o service_n which_o they_o have_v in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n and_o no_o less_o may_v be_v think_v of_o gallia_n and_o spaigne_n and_o so_o far_o it_o be_v prove_v against_o m._n juelles_n stowte_n assertion_n that_o within_o his_o syx_n hundred_o year_n after_o christ_n some_o christian_a people_n have_v their_o common_a prayer_n and_o service_n in_o a_o tongue_n they_o understand_v not_o and_o thus_o all_o his_o allegation_n bring_v for_o proufe_v of_o his_o say_n in_o this_o behalf_n be_v answer_v the_o place_n of_o s._n paul_n to_o the_o corinthian_n except_v which_o ere_fw-we i_o answer_v i_o will_v according_a to_o my_o promise_n prove_v england_n the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o latin_a service_n in_o the_o church_n of_o england_n that_o about_o nine_o hundred_o year_n past_a yea_o a_o thousand_o also_o and_o therefore_o some_o deal_n within_o his_o syx_n hundred_o year_n even_o in_o s._n gregory_n time_n the_o 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1._o c._n 25._o interpreter_n out_o of_o france_n which_o interpreter_n serve_v for_o open_v preach_v and_o private_a instruction_n exhortation_n and_o teach_n in_o sing_v and_o say_v the_o service_n there_o be_v no_o use_n of_o they_o whereas_o s._n augustine_n after_o that_o the_o english_a nation_n have_v receive_v the_o faith_n and_o he_o have_v be_v make_v archebishop_n over_o they_o have_v find_v the_o faith_n be_v one_o diversity_n of_o custom_n in_o diverse_a church_n one_o manner_n of_o mass_n in_o the_o holy_a roman_a church_n a_o other_o in_o that_o of_o france_n for_o this_o and_o certain_a other_o purpose_n send_v two_o of_o his_o clergy_n laurence_n and_o peter_n to_o rome_n to_o be_v advertise_v amongst_o other_o thing_n what_o order_n manner_n and_o custom_n of_o mass_n it_o like_v s._n gregory_n the_o church_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n shall_v have_v hereunto_o that_o holy_a father_n answer_v that_o what_o he_o espy_v either_o in_o the_o roman_a or_o french_a or_o 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cause_n of_o the_o leave_v such_o kind_n of_o service_n and_o of_o begin_v the_o new_a latin_a service_n as_o certain_a of_o s._n gregory_n work_n turn_v in_o to_o english_a by_o bede_n himself_o have_v be_v keep_v so_o as_o they_o remain_v to_o this_o day_n s._n gregory_n himself_o be_v a_o witness_n of_o right_n good_a authority_n unto_o we_o that_o this_o land_n of_o england_n which_o he_o call_v britain_n in_o his_o time_n that_o be_v almost_o a_o thousand_o year_n past_a have_v the_o common_a prayer_n and_o service_n in_o a_o unknowen_a tongue_n without_o doubt_n in_o latin_a much_o in_o like_a sort_n as_o we_o have_v of_o old_a time_n have_v till_o now_o his_o word_n be_v these_o ecce_fw-la omnipotens_fw-la dominus_fw-la penè_fw-la cunctarum_fw-la iam_fw-la gentium_fw-la corda_fw-la penetravit_fw-la 6_o expositionis_fw-la in_o job_n li._n 27._o ca._n 6_o ecce_fw-la in_o una_fw-la fide_fw-la orientis_fw-la limitem_fw-la occidentisque_fw-la coniunxit_fw
ecce_fw-la lingua_fw-la britanniae_fw-la quae_fw-la nil_fw-la aliud_fw-la noverat_fw-la quà m_fw-la barbarum_fw-la frendere_fw-la iam_fw-la dudum_fw-la in_o divinis_fw-la laudibus_fw-la hebraeum_n coepit_fw-la halleluia_n resonare_fw-la behold_v our_o lord_n almighty_a have_v now_o pierce_v the_o heart_n almost_o of_o all_o nation_n behold_v he_o have_v join_v the_o border_n of_o the_o east_n and_o the_o west_n in_o one_o faith_n together_o behold_v the_o tongue_n of_o britain_n that_o can_v nothing_o else_o but_o gnashe_n barbarous_o have_v begin_v now_o of_o late_a in_o divine_a service_n to_o sound_n the_o hebrew_n halleluia_n bede_n in_o the_o end_n of_o his_o second_o book_n show_v that_o one_o james_n a_o deacon_n of_o the_o church_n of_o york_n a_o very_a cunning_a man_n in_o song_n soon_o after_o the_o faith_n have_v be_v spread_v abroad_o here_o as_o the_o number_n of_o believer_n grow_v begin_v to_o be_v a_o master_n or_o teacher_n of_o sing_v in_o the_o church_n after_o 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monastery_n the_o order_n and_o rite_n of_o sing_v and_o read_v with_o utterance_n of_o their_o voice_n and_o also_o of_o writing_n and_o pryck_v those_o thing_n that_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o whole_a year_n require_v in_o the_o celebration_n and_o keep_v of_o the_o holy_a day_n which_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o same_o monastery_n till_o this_o day_n and_o be_v copy_v out_o of_o many_o round_o about_o on_o every_o cost_n neither_o do_v that_o john_n teach_v the_o brethren_n of_o that_o monastery_n only_o but_o also_o many_o other_o make_v all_o the_o mean_n they_o can_v to_o gete_v he_o to_o other_o place_n where_o they_o may_v have_v he_o to_o teach_v this_o far_a bede_n i_o trow_v no_o man_n will_v think_v that_o this_o roman_a teach_v and_o write_v the_o order_n and_o manner_n of_o sing_v and_o pronounce_v the_o service_n of_o the_o church_n of_o this_o land_n in_o the_o english_a tongue_n if_o it_o have_v be_v deem_v of_o the_o learned_a and_o godly_a governor_n of_o christian_a 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present_a neither_o himself_o after_o the_o opinion_n of_o chrysostome_n understand_v what_o he_o say_v that_o gift_n the_o apostle_n do_v not_o forbid_v for_o that_o every_o gift_n of_o god_n be_v good_a and_o nothing_o by_o he_o do_v in_o vain_a but_o dehort_v the_o corinthian_n from_o the_o vain_a and_o ambitiouse_a use_n of_o it_o and_o therefore_o do_v much_o extenuate_v the_o same_o and_o prefer_v prophesy_v that_o be_v the_o gift_n to_o interpret_v and_o expound_v scripture_n far_o before_o it_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o church_n but_o in_o the_o apostle_n time_n or_o a_o very_a short_a while_n after_o they_o and_o that_o all_o together_o by_o miracle_n the_o holy_a ghost_n be_v the_o worker_n of_o it_o tongue_n the_o place_n of_o s._n paul_n to_o the_o corinthian_n make_v not_o for_o the_o service_n in_o the_o english_a tongue_n as_o concern_v the_o order_n of_o the_o common_a prayer_n and_o public_a service_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o we_o have_v now_o and_o that_o age_n have_v not_o s._n paul_n mention_v nothing_o neither_o speah_v one_o word_n in_o that_o whole_a chapter_n but_o of_o the_o use_n of_o the_o miraculouse_a gift_n as_o be_v say_v before_o and_o therefore_o his_o say_n out_o of_o that_o chapter_n be_v not_o fit_o allege_v of_o m._n juell_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o our_o adversary_n against_o the_o manner_n of_o prayer_n and_o service_n of_o the_o church_n now_o receive_v and_o of_o long_a time_n use_v which_o in_o the_o west_n be_v utter_v in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n not_o by_o way_n of_o miracle_n or_o peculiar_a gift_n but_o according_a to_o the_o institution_n and_o ordinance_n of_o the_o church_n profectò_fw-la enim_fw-la coelum_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la tum_fw-la fuit_fw-la 37._o in_o 1._o cor._n 14._o ho._n 37._o in_o very_a deed_n say_v chrysostome_n the_o church_n than_o be_v a_o heaven_n