the_o body_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n as_o it_o stand_v in_o force_n before_o it_o be_v alter_v by_o statute_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n or_o state_n together_o with_o a_o exact_a collection_n of_o such_o statute_n as_o have_v alter_v or_o do_v otherwise_o concern_v the_o same_o whereunto_o be_v also_o annex_v certain_a table_n contain_v a_o summary_n of_o the_o whole_a law_n for_o the_o help_n and_o delight_n of_o such_o student_n as_o affect_v method_n by_o edm._n wingate_n of_o grays-inn_n esq_n the_o second_o edition_n correct_v and_o amend_v london_n print_v for_o h_n twyford_n in_o vine_n court_n middle-temple_n and_o roger_n wingate_n at_o the_o golden_a hind_n in_o chancery_n lane_n 1655._o the_o preface_n the_o summary_n of_o the_o common_a law_n extract_v for_o the_o most_o part_n out_o of_o sir_n henry_n finch_n knight_n his_o learned_a treatise_n of_o the_o law_n be_v intend_v only_o to_o present_v the_o original_a frame_n of_o that_o law_n and_o not_o capable_a of_o comprehend_v the_o rule_n or_o maxim_n of_o the_o several_a title_n of_o law_n therein_o contain_v it_o be_v conceive_v expedient_a here_o far_o to_o present_v the_o same_o author_n continue_a method_n of_o the_o same_o law_n conformable_a to_o that_o table_n which_o contain_v the_o rule_n of_o law_n insert_v under_o their_o proper_a title_n respective_o so_o as_o the_o student_n by_o often_o read_v over_o and_o fix_v in_o his_o memory_n the_o order_n and_o matter_n of_o this_o treatise_n may_v thereby_o attain_v such_o a_o certain_a notion_n of_o the_o common_a law_n as_o may_v make_v he_o apt_a and_o ready_a to_o apprehend_v any_o case_n may_v be_v put_v he_o or_o any_o law_n book_n he_o shall_v read_v howbeit_o although_o the_o rule_n here_o propound_v be_v regular_o true_a and_o conformable_a to_o the_o ancient_a common_a law_n yet_o they_o have_v be_v and_o still_o be_v subject_a to_o be_v alter_v by_o two_o other_o law_n viz_o the_o statute-law_n and_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n as_o for_o the_o first_o it_o have_v be_v a_o law_n frame_v in_o all_o age_n by_o the_o prudence_n of_o parliament_n for_o prevention_n of_o inconvenience_n find_v in_o the_o common_a law_n according_a to_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o people_n and_o state_n of_o affair_n in_o the_o several_a time_n when_o it_o be_v make_v a_o brief_a collection_n whereof_o viz_o of_o so_o much_o as_o alter_v or_o otherwise_o concern_v the_o common_a law_n be_v hereunto_o annex_v the_o other_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o creation_n and_o come_v into_o the_o world_n with_o man_n can_v be_v abrogate_a this_o last_n many_o time_n control_v the_o common_a law_n when_o in_o respect_n of_o some_o accident_n or_o circumstance_n the_o judge_n be_v constrain_v to_o make_v a_o construction_n according_a to_o one_o or_o more_o rule_n of_o reason_n if_o not_o against_o at_o least_o vary_v from_o a_o positive_a rule_n of_o of_o law_n as_o may_v be_v exemplify_v by_o many_o instance_n if_o it_o be_v now_o convenient_a to_o insist_v thereupon_o but_o that_o be_v defer_v to_o a_o fit_a opportunity_n the_o abstract_n follow_v invite_v your_o serious_a and_o indulgent_a perusal_n the_o body_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n chap._n 1_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o common_a law_n also_o of_o the_o place_n where_o and_o the_o person_n by_o who_o it_o be_v use_v i._o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n be_v a_o law_n use_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n throughout_o the_o realm_n ii_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n be_v divide_v into_o county_n in_o all_o 39_o &_o each_o county_n into_o several_a town_n a_o precinct_n which_o ancient_o contain_v ten_o family_n call_v tithing_n and_o ten_o of_o those_o tithing_n make_v a_o precinct_n call_v a_o hundred_o iii_o in_o some_o county_n town_n and_o other_o place_n of_o the_o realm_n there_o be_v special_a usage_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n differ_v from_o the_o common_a law_n which_o be_v call_v custom_n iv_o a_o county_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o realm_n entire_o govern_v by_o one_o sheriff_n v._o every_o one_o ought_v to_o be_v inhabitant_n within_o some_o tithing_n and_o there_o find_v surety_n for_o his_o good_a behaviour_n vi_o diverse_a town_n have_v hamlet_n in_o they_o and_o some_o special_a place_n there_o be_v out_o of_o any_o town_n or_o hamlet_n vii_o the_o person_n within_o the_o realm_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v either_o as_o one_o entire_a body_n or_o as_o particular_a person_n viii_o as_o one_o entire_a body_n it_o consist_v of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o subject_n ix_o the_o king_n be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n immediate_o under_o god_n x._o and_o therefore_o the_o king_n have_v a_o shadow_n of_o the_o excellency_n that_o be_v in_o god_n in_o a_o similitudinarie_a manner_n give_v he_o as_o xi_o infiniteness_n xii_o perfection_n xiii_o majesty_n fourteen_o sovereignty_n xv._o power_n xvi_o perpetuity_n xvii_o justice_n xviii_o truth_n xix_o he_o have_v also_o a_o prerogative_n in_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v not_o injurious_a to_o the_o subject_n xx._n in_o regard_n of_o the_o king_n the_o queen_n his_o wife_n be_v participant_a of_o diverse_a prerogative_n above_o other_o woman_n xxi_o his_o subject_n be_v the_o member_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o be_v baron_n and_o commons_o xxii_o the_o baron_n be_v call_v the_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n xxiii_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v commons_o fourteen_o the_o particular_a person_n be_v natural_a person_n or_o body_n politic_a xxv_o the_o natural_a person_n be_v every_o man_n xxvi_o a_o body_n politic_n be_v a_o body_n in_o fixion_n of_o law_n that_o endure_v in_o perpetual_a succession_n such_o be_v the_o king_n alone_o and_o by_o himself_o consider_v and_o a_o parson_n call_v the_o rector_n of_o a_o church_n xxvii_o the_o parson_n in_o regard_n of_o his_o continual_a attendance_n upon_o that_o sacred_a function_n be_v free_v from_o all_o personal_a charge_n that_o may_v hinder_v he_o in_o his_o call_n xxviii_o so_o be_v every_o other_o clerk_n within_o order_n xxix_o to_o the_o parson_n belong_v the_o ten_o of_o all_o manner_n of_o yearly_a increase_n xxx_o every_o parson_n must_v be_v present_v to_o the_o ordinary_a who_o be_v to_o admit_v he_o xxxi_o and_o then_o the_o arch_a deacon_n be_v to_o put_v he_o in_o possession_n by_o deliver_v the_o ring_n of_o the_o church-door_n and_o ring_v the_o bels._n xxxii_o the_o incumbent_n have_v not_o the_o mere_a right_n in_o he_o of_o land_n in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o church_n xxxiii_o therefore_o every_o act_n which_o he_o do_v with_o such_o land_n may_v be_v avoid_v when_o he_o cease_v to_o be_v incumbent_n except_o such_o as_o be_v do_v by_o consent_n of_o patron_n and_o ordinary_n which_o bound_v for_o ever_o xxxiv_o if_o the_o church_n be_v void_a six_o month_n the_o ordinary_a may_v collate_v or_o appoint_v a_o clerk_n of_o his_o own_o and_o if_o it_o be_v void_a six_o month_n after_o his_o time_n than_o the_o metropolitan_a and_o six_o month_n after_o his_o time_n the_o king_n may_v present_v if_o the_o patron_n present_v not_o before_o they_o xxxv_o when_o one_o church_n be_v not_o able_a to_o find_v the_o cure_n the_o ordinary_a by_o consent_n of_o the_o patron_n may_v unite_v it_o to_o some_o other_o xxxvi_o beside_o those_o corporation_n that_o be_v at_o the_o common_a law_n there_o be_v diverse_a other_o which_o have_v grow_v of_o latter_a time_n by_o special_a foundation_n election_n whereof_o some_o be_v aggregate_v of_o many_o person_n viz._n of_o a_o ead_n and_o body_n other_o consist_v in_o one_o single_a person_n xxxvii_o these_o corporation_n be_v temporal_a or_o spiritual_a xxxviii_o the_o temporal_a be_v make_v by_o the_o king_n as_o major_a and_o commonalty_n also_o college_n as_o master_n and_o fellow_n etc._n etc._n thirty-nine_o diverse_a town_n be_v so_o incorporate_v before_o time_n of_o memory_n and_o be_v call_v borough_n xl._n the_o spiritual_a one_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n make_v by_o the_o pope_n but_o have_v their_o power_n to_o purchase_v from_o the_o king_n xli_o these_o be_v also_o of_o two_o sort_n viz._n regular_n or_o secular_a xlii_o regular_n which_o have_v enter_v into_o religion_n profess_v to_o vow_v three_o thing_n viz_o obedience_n voluntary_a poverty_n and_o perpetual_a chastity_n xliii_o and_o therefore_o these_o be_v dead_a person_n in_o law_n only_o their_o head_n have_v power_n to_o purchase_v or_o do_v such_o other_o thing_n to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o house_n and_o of_o this_o sort_n be_v abbot_n and_o covent_n prior_n and_o covent_n etc._n etc._n xliv_o secular_a be_v such_o as_o have_v not_o enter_v into_o religion_n as_o bishop_n and_o his_o chapter_n master_n of_o a_o hospital_n and_o his_o brethren_n guardian_n of_o a_o chapel_n and_o his_o chaplain_n etc._n etc._n also_o arch-deacon_n and_o the_o like_a xlv_o
a_o writ_n of_o dower_n and_o no_o essoyn_n or_o protection_n allowable_a by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o party_n or_o one_o of_o the_o petty_a jury_n the_o attaint_n shall_v not_o abate_v nor_o be_v defer_v against_o the_o rest_n as_o long_o as_o two_o of_o the_o petty_a jury_n shall_v live_v every_o attaint_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o king_n bench_n or_o common_a place_n and_o the_o nisiprius_a grant_v upon_o the_o distress_n by_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o justice_n every_o of_o the_o petty_a jury_n may_v appear_v and_o answer_v by_o attorney_n the_o nonsuit_n or_o release_n of_o one_o when_o their_o be_v diverse_a plaintiff_n or_o defendant_n in_o a_o attaint_n shall_v not_o prejudice_v every_o one_o of_o the_o grand_a jury_n must_v have_v 20_o mark_n apeice_n land_n of_o freehold_n out_o of_o ancient_a demesne_fw-la but_o if_o the_o value_n of_o the_o thing_n in_o suit_n be_v under_o the_o value_n of_o 40_o l._n then_o 5_o mark_n a_o year_n or_o 100_o mark_n worth_a of_o good_n suffice_v for_o default_n of_o such_o sufficient_a juror_n within_o the_o same_o county_n a_o tale_n shall_v be_v award_v unto_o the_o next_o stat._n 11._o e._n 6._o 4._o the_o plaintiff_n shall_v recover_v cost_v and_o damage_n against_o the_o juror_n or_o defendant_n that_o plead_v a_o feign_a plea_n in_o delay_n finis_fw-la a_o summary_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n as_o it_o stand_v in_o force_n before_o it_o be_v alter_v by_o statute_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n extract_v for_o the_o most_o part_n out_o of_o the_o french_a and_o english_a copy_n of_o sir_n henry_n finch_n kt._n his_o learned_a treatise_n of_o the_o law_n and_o digest_v into_o certain_a tablet_n for_o the_o help_n and_o delight_n o_o such_o student_n as_o affect_v method_n by_o e._n w._n methodus_fw-la memoriae_fw-la dux_n &_o fulcrum_n london_n print_v anno_fw-la salutis_fw-la 1655._o a_o advertisement_n to_o the_o reader_n the_o science_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n have_v not_o only_o be_v in_o former_a time_n but_o even_o at_o this_o day_n be_v account_v so_o abstruse_a &_o intricate_a that_o it_o have_v always_o seem_v a_o impossibility_n to_o reduce_v it_o to_o method_n howbeit_o our_o learned_a author_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o law_n have_v not_o only_o clothe_v it_o with_o a_o logical_a method_n but_o with_o such_o a_o exact_a one_o as_o may_v be_v parallel_v with_o if_o not_o extol_v above_o that_o of_o wollebius_n for_o theologie_n ramus_n for_o geometry_n keekerman_n alstedius_n and_o other_o modern_a writer_n for_o logic_n ethic_n physics_n politic_n mathematics_n etc._n etc._n so_o as_o the_o student_n have_v treasure_v up_o in_o his_o memory_n the_o common_a place_n of_o law_n hold_v forth_o in_o these_o table_n together_o with_o their_o coherence_n and_o dependence_n one_o upon_o another_o may_v be_v thereby_o furnish_v in_o all_o the_o general_a &_o necessary_a title_n of_o law_n whereunto_o he_o may_v apt_o refer_v any_o case_n he_o meet_v with_o especial_o have_v also_o before_o hand_n by_o peruse_v the_o treatise_n at_o large_a acquaint_v himself_o with_o the_o definition_n distribution_n affection_n rule_n and_o example_n respective_o belong_v to_o ea_z h_z several_a title_n whereby_o he_o may_v more_o perfect_o understand_v the_o nature_n of_o they_o beside_o if_o the_o text_n be_v not_o read_v with_o these_o tablet_n he_o will_v meet_v with_o divers_a thing_n in_o they_o which_o be_v now_o abrogate_a by_o statute_n and_o so_o not_o law_n at_o this_o day_n as_o sanctuary_n which_o be_v now_o annul_v by_o 21._o jac._n 28._o diverse_a offence_n before_o petty_a treason_n now_o by_o statute_n make_v high_a treason_n and_o the_o like_a all_o which_o be_v leave_v to_o his_o industry_n and_o discretion_n the_o scope_n and_o design_n of_o this_o summary_n be_v only_o to_o show_v he_o the_o harmonical_a frame_n of_o the_o original_a common_a law_n before_o it_o be_v alter_v by_o statute_n act_n of_o parliament_n and_o other_o constitution_n of_o state_n according_a to_o the_o caution_n before_o in_o the_o title_n page_n premise_v table_n 1._o of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n observe_v 1._o the_o circumstance_n viz._n the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v use_v viz._n throughout_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n divide_v into_o county_n hundred_o and_o town_n within_o which_o there_o be_v divers_a usage_n differ_v from_o the_o common_a law_n call_v custom_n the_o person_n who_o be_v to_o use_v it_o and_o they_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v as_o one_o entire_a body_n the_o king_n his_o subject_n baron_n commons_o as_o particular_a person_n natural_a person_n as_o every_o man_n body_n politic_a at_o the_o com._n law_n the_o king_n alone_o and_o by_o himself_o consider_v the_o rector_n of_o a_o church_n or_o parson_n grow_v of_o latter_a time_n temporal_a as_o major_a and_o communality_n etc._n etc._n spiritual_a regular_n as_o abbot_n and_o covent_n etc._n etc._n secular_a as_o bishop_n and_o chapter_n etc._n etc._n 2._o the_o part_n see_v tab_n 2._o 3._o the_o common_a affection_n viz._n action_n tab._n 2d_o table_n 2._o the_o part_n of_o the_o common_a law_n be_v two_o the_o one_o concern_v possession_n whereof_o consider_v the_o general_a affection_n 1._o to_o possession_n this_o be_v general_a that_o they_o may_v pass_v by_o grant_n exchange_n prescription_n 2._o sundry_a man_n possess_v the_o same_o thing_n by_o purchase_n be_v joint_a tenant_n who_o possess_v by_o the_o same_o title_n tenant_n in_o common_a who_o possess_v by_o several_a title_n 3._o a_o possession_n be_v either_o restrictive_a upon_o limitation_n which_o cease_v upon_o do_v or_o not_o do_v of_o something_o condition_n which_o be_v only_o defeasable_a upon_o the_o do_n or_o not_o do_v of_o something_o absolute_a which_o be_v neither_o upon_o limitation_n or_o condition_n 4_o tab_n 3._o the_o species_n or_o several_a kind_n tab._n 4._o the_o other_o the_o punishment_n of_o offence_n tab._n 12._o table_n 3._o 4._o possession_n be_v either_o in_o possession_n viz._n such_o as_o one_o do_v enjoy_v action_n touch_v which_o consider_v 1._o how_o it_o arise_v &_o that_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o a_o right_n when_o wrong_a be_v do_v before_o title_n when_o no_o wrong_n be_v do_v 2._o the_o rule_n which_o concern_v it_o 1._o a_o thing_n in_o action_n can_v be_v grant_v but_o to_o he_o in_o possession_n &_o that_o by_o release_n which_o be_v the_o pass_v of_o the_o grantors_n interest_n confirmation_n which_o be_v the_o ratify_n of_o the_o grantee_n possession_n 2._o the_o grant_n of_o a_o thing_n in_o action_n and_o of_o such_o thing_n in_o possession_n as_o can_v pass_v by_o livery_n of_o the_o hand_n must_v be_v by_o deed_n viz._n deed_n pol_n which_o be_v the_o only_a deed_n of_o the_o grantor_n indenture_n which_o be_v the_o mutual_a deed_n of_o both_o and_o make_v a_o estopel_n to_o both_o party_n table_n 4._o the_o several_a kind_n of_o possession_n &_o so_o a_o pos_fw-mi be_v a_o hereditament_n whereof_o consider_v the_o several_a estate_n viz._n particular_a viz._n uncertain_a at_o sufferance_n when_o after_o lawful_a occupation_n he_o continue_v possession_n without_o authority_n at_o will_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n as_o a_o copyholder_n at_o pleasure_n as_o a_o bare_a tenant_n at_o will_n certain_a which_o be_v also_o call_v a_o term_n whereof_o consider_v the_o dependent_n remainder_n which_o be_v the_o residue_n of_o a_o estate_n at_o the_o same_o time_n appoint_v over_o reversion_n which_o be_v the_o residue_n of_o a_o estate_n not_o at_o the_o same_o time_n appoint_v over_o these_o pass_n with_o attornment_n the_o several_a kind_n for_o year_n for_o life_n in_o deed_n after_o actual_a seisin_n in_o law_n before_o entry_n for_o his_o own_o life_n for_o another_o life_n and_o these_o be_v freehold_a inheritance_n tab._n 5._o the_o several_a kind_n tab._n 6._o chattel_n tab._n 11._o table_n 5._o inheritance_n whereof_o consider_v the_o estate_n call_v fee-simple_n which_o be_v conditional_a when_o a_o hereditament_n be_v limit_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o body_n hither_o frankmarriage_n may_v be_v refer_v absolute_a which_o be_v a_o fee-simple_n to_o one_o and_o his_o heir_n whatsoever_o the_o incident_n dower_n whereby_o a_o woman_n have_v the_o three_o in_o severalty_n tenancy_n by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o england_n the_o diverse_a manner_n of_o possess_v it_o viz._n in_o deed._n law_n table_n 6._o the_o several_a kind_n of_o a_o hereditament_n and_o so_o it_o be_v common_a as_o a_o tenement_n which_o be_v a_o possession_n hold_v &_o it_o be_v land_n which_o be_v a_o tenement_n in_o manual_a occupation_n and_o here_o prescription_n have_v no_o place_n a_o advowson_n which_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o present_v to_o a_o church_n a_o bare_a hereditament_n tab._n 7._o prerogative_n tab._n 10._o table_n 7_o a_o bare_a hereditament_n which_o concern_v land_n and_o so_o it_o be_v
chancellor_n treasurer_n a_o justice_n of_o either_o bench_n a_o justice_n in_o eyre_n of_o assize_n or_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n be_v in_o their_o place_n and_o do_v their_o office_n be_v high_a treason_n iii_o here_o the_o punishment_n be_v by_o draw_v hang_a and_o quarter_a for_o a_o man_n and_o draw_v and_o hang_v a_o woman_n chap._n 22._o court_n of_o record_n court_n baron_n county_n court_n i._o thus_o we_o have_v go_v through_o both_o the_o part_n of_o the_o law_n there_o remain_v yet_o one_o general_n and_o common_a affection_n scatter_v throughout_o the_o whole_a law_n as_o the_o blood_n be_v through_o the_o body_n which_o we_o call_v action_n ii_o action_n be_v the_o handle_n of_o a_o cause_n in_o controversy_n before_o certain_a judge_n who_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v set_v to_o do_v justice_n be_v common_o call_v a_o court._n iii_o of_o all_o apparent_a fault_n proceed_v from_o the_o action_n the_o court_n must_v take_v notice_n iv_o every_o court_n have_v power_n to_o award_v forth_o precept_n and_o if_o the_o precept_n be_v not_o serve_v another_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n shall_v go_v forth_o until_o it_o be_v serve_v v._o to_o every_o court_n do_v belong_v clerk_n and_o officer_n vi_o a_o clerk_n be_v he_o that_o serve_v for_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v in_o court_n vii_o any_o error_n that_o appear_v to_o the_o court_n to_o be_v the_o clerk_n mistake_v may_v be_v amend_v at_o any_o time_n viii_o officer_n be_v those_o who_o be_v to_o serve_v the_o court_n precept_n and_o to_o certify_v the_o court_n thereof_o ix_o court_n be_v court_n of_o record_n or_o court_n baron_n x._o of_o record_n which_o be_v the_o king_n court_n xi_o these_o have_v such_o credit_n that_o no_o averment_n can_v be_v take_v against_o any_o thing_n there_o enter_v or_o do_v xii_o thing_n also_o that_o can_v be_v grant_v but_o by_o deed_n pass_v here_o by_o matter_n of_o record_n xiii_o the_o king_n take_v hereditament_n by_o matter_n of_o record_n only_o fourteen_o villennage_n begin_v only_o by_o confess_v a_o man_n self_n to_o be_v one_o in_o a_o court_n of_o record_n xv._o duty_n of_o the_o testator_n grow_v by_o record_n must_v be_v answer_v by_o executor_n before_o other_o duty_n see_v bankrupt_n 34._o xvi_o court_n of_o record_n be_v the_o parliament_n or_o court_n that_o have_v ordinary_a jurisdiction_n xvii_o the_o parliament_n be_v a_o court_n of_o the_o king_n nobility_n and_o commons_o assemble_v have_v a_o absolute_a power_n in_o all_o cause_n xviii_o statute_n of_o restraint_n bind_v not_o the_o king_n unless_o they_o concern_v the_o common-whealth_a or_o he_o be_v special_o name_v xix_o he_o may_v license_v thing_n forbid_v by_o the_o statute_n xx._n but_o where_o the_o statute_n say_v his_o licence_n shall_v be_v void_a there_o it_o must_v have_v a_o clause_n of_o non_fw-la obstante_fw-la viz._n this_o clause_n notwithstanding_o any_o statute_n etc._n etc._n xxi_o court_n of_o record_n which_o have_v ordinary_a jurisdiction_n be_v either_o general_n who_o jurisdiction_n extend_v throughout_o the_o realm_n or_o but_o within_o some_o county_n xxii_o the_o former_a be_v those_o that_o be_v hold_v iâ—_n term_n time_n only_o the_o whole_a year_n have_v four_o term_n viz._n michaelmas_n and_o hilary_n term_n easter_n and_o trinity_n term_n and_o every_o term_n several_a day_n of_o return_n xxiii_o michaelmas_n term_n begin_n the_o 10_o of_o october_n and_o end_v the_o 28_o of_o november_n have_v eight_o return_v octabis_n michaelis_n quindena_fw-la michaelis_fw-la tres_fw-la michaelis_fw-la mensae_fw-la michaelis_fw-la crastino_n animarum_fw-la crastino_n martini_n octabis_n martini_n &_o quindena_fw-la martini_n xxiv_o hilary_n term_v begin_n the_o â—3_n day_n of_o january_n and_o end_v the_o 12_o of_o february_n have_v four_a return_v octabis_n hilarii_n quindena_fw-la hilarii_n crastino_n purificationis_fw-la &_o octabis_n purificationis_fw-la xxv_o easter_n term_n begin_v 17_o day_n after_o easter_n and_o end_v the_o monday_n next_o after_o aâ—cension_n day_n have_v five_a return_v quindena_fw-la paschae_fw-la tres_fw-la paschae_fw-la mensae_fw-la paschae_fw-la quinque_fw-la paschae_fw-la &_o crastino_n ascentionis_fw-la xxvi_o trinity_n term_n begin_v 12_o day_n after_o whitsunday_n and_o continue_v 19_o day_n have_v five_a return_v octabis_n trin._n quind_a trin._n crastino_n johannis_n baptistae_fw-la octa._n johannis_n baptistae_n quindena_fw-la johannis_n baptistae_fw-la xvii_o to_o these_o court_n belong_v the_o power_n of_o send_v forth_o writ_n xxviii_o a_o writ_n be_v a_o latin_a letter_n of_o the_o king_n in_o parchment_n seal_v with_o his_o seal_n xxix_o all_o writ_n have_v a_o salutation_n rex_fw-la to_o such_o a_o one_o salutem_fw-la and_o a_o conclusion_n express_v the_o place_n as_o apud_fw-la westmonasterium_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o the_o time_n both_o day_n and_o year_n of_o make_v it_o if_o it_o be_v returnable_a the_o day_n of_o the_o return_n be_v also_o appoint_v in_o it_o xxx_o the_o three_o writ_n term_v the_o pluris_fw-la not_o serve_v be_v a_o contempt_n xxxi_o and_o therefore_o the_o three_o writ_n have_v always_o this_o clause_n in_o it_o vel_fw-la causam_fw-la nobis_fw-la significes_fw-la so_o may_v the_o second_o term_v the_o alias_o also_o have_v if_o the_o plaintiff_n will_n xxxii_o the_o officer_n of_o these_o high_a court_n be_v the_o sheriff_n to_o who_o be_v commit_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o county_n xxxiii_o for_o matter_n spiritual_a the_o ordinary_n be_v their_o officer_n xxxiv_o these_o general_a court_n be_v the_o chancery_n and_o two_o bench_n the_o king_n bench_n and_o common_a place_n xxxv_o chancery_n which_o deal_v in_o suit_n concern_v the_o king_n xxxvi_o here_o the_o judge_n be_v the_o chancellor_n have_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n under_o which_o pass_v all_o suit_n out_o of_o the_o chancery_n with_o testae_fw-la meipso_fw-la xxxvii_o the_o king_n grant_n be_v also_o enter_v of_o record_n in_o this_o court_n xxxviii_o such_o grant_n be_v effectual_a to_o pass_v a_o freehold_n from_o the_o king_n without_o any_o livery_n thirty-nine_o and_o be_v matter_n of_o record_n they_o take_v effect_n from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o date_n xl._n in_o default_n of_o a_o chancellor_n the_o lord_n keeper_n oâ—_n the_o great_a seal_n have_v his_o authority_n xli_o the_o keeper_n or_o master_n of_o the_o roll_n be_v a_o assistant_n to_o his_o court._n xlii_o in_o the_o king_n bench_n and_o common_a place_n thâ—_n judge_n be_v one_o chief_a justice_n and_o three_o and_o sometimes_o more_o other_o justice_n xliii_o the_o testae_fw-la of_o their_o writ_n be_v testae_fw-la johanâ—_n popham_n the_o chief_a justice_n for_o the_o time_n be_v xliv_o the_o king_n bench_n be_v that_o which_o deal_v proper_o with_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n xlv_o the_o common_a place_n which_o deal_v proper_o with_o common_a pleas._n xlvi_o the_o king_n have_v a_o proper_a court_n of_o this_o kind_n for_o all_o thing_n touch_v his_o revenue_n call_v the_o exchequer_n xlvii_o the_o judge_n whereof_o be_v call_v baron_n be_v one_o chief_a baron_n and_o three_o other_o xlviii_o and_o this_o also_o have_v a_o court_n of_o chancery_n before_o the_o chancellor_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n call_v the_o exchequer-chamber_n xlix_o the_o escheator_n here_o be_v a_o special_a officer_n anâ—_n have_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o court_n for_o find_v out_o the_o king_n title_n to_o land_n tenement_n and_o other_o thing_n l._n those_o court_n which_o deal_v but_o within_o some_o county_n be_v the_o sheriff_n turn_v and_o the_o coroner_n court_n li._n the_o sheriff_n turn_v be_v a_o court_n of_o record_n for_o offence_n which_o be_v common_a greivance_n lii_o whereunto_o every_o man_n of_o the_o age_n of_o 12_o yearâ—_n and_o upward_o be_v within_o the_o precinct_n owe_v suit_n and_o must_v be_v there_o swear_v to_o the_o king_n allegiance_n liii_o but_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v except_v liv._o the_o offender_n here_o shall_v be_v amerce_v and_o distrain_v for_o that_o amerciament_n lv._o the_o coroner_n court_n be_v a_o court_n for_o matter_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o battery_n mayhem_n rape_n murder_n etc._n etc._n lvi_o upon_o just_a exception_n to_o the_o sheriff_n process_n out_o of_o the_o high_a court_n shall_v be_v direct_v to_o the_o coroner_n lvii_o the_o steward_n and_o marshal_n of_o the_o king_n house_n have_v a_o court_n for_o all_o personal_a action_n and_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n arise_v there_o lviii_o by_o reason_n of_o certain_a franchise_n grow_v two_o other_o court_n of_o record_n which_o deal_v within_o some_o certain_a precinct_n viz._n a_o leet_n and_o a_o court_n of_o pipowder_n lix_n a_o leet_n be_v a_o court_n of_o record_n have_v the_o saâ—e_v jurisdiction_n within_o a_o hundred_o or_o some_o less_o precinct_n which_o the_o sheriff_n turn_n have_v in_o the_o county_n the_o profit_n thereof_o be_v to_o a_o common_a person_n lx_o a_o
when_o the_o grand_a jury_n be_v take_v and_o may_v plead_v in_o bar_n of_o the_o attaint_n but_o not_o in_o abatement_n of_o the_o writ_n xix_o the_o plaintiff_n in_o the_o attaint_n can_v give_v no_o more_o evidence_n than_o be_v give_v at_o the_o first_o but_o the_o defendant_n in_o affirmance_n of_o the_o first_o verdict_n may_v xx._n audita_fw-la querela_fw-la be_v for_o one_o be_v or_o to_o be_v in_o execution_n to_o relieve_v he_o upon_o good_a matter_n of_o discharge_n which_o he_o have_v no_o mean_n to_o plead_v xxi_o the_o process_n where_o the_o audita_fw-la querela_fw-la be_v sue_v before_o execution_n be_v a_o venire_fw-la facias_fw-la and_o distress_n and_o upon_o default_n after_o appearance_n and_o plea_n plead_v a_o distringas_fw-la ad_fw-la audiendum_fw-la judicium_fw-la for_o thereby_o judgement_n be_v to_o be_v give_v against_o he_o xxii_o in_o case_n of_o a_o audita_fw-la querela_fw-la sue_v before_o execution_n he_o may_v have_v a_o supersedeas_fw-la upon_o good_a matter_n of_o discharge_n surmise_v in_o the_o writ_n of_o audita_fw-la querela_fw-la to_o stay_v for_o once_o the_o execution_n upon_o surety_n xxiii_o after_o execution_n the_o process_n be_v only_o a_o scire_fw-la facias_fw-la for_o if_o the_o process_n shall_v be_v by_o distress_n infinite_a peradventure_o the_o party_n shall_v loose_v issue_n to_o keep_v the_o other_o body_n in_o perpetual_a prison_n finis_fw-la statute_n chap._n i._n rule_n 1._o in_o the_o second_o volume_n of_o old_a statute_n be_v a_o long_a act_n make_v anno_fw-la 12_o e_o 1._o entitle_v statuta_fw-la walliae_fw-la whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o wales_n be_v then_o incorporate_v into_o england_n there_o be_v also_o many_o good_a law_n concern_v the_o division_n of_o wales_n into_o county_n also_o for_o trial_n of_o action_n together_o with_o divers_a form_n of_o writ_n and_o the_o proceed_n thereupon_o much_o like_o the_o law_n of_o england_n etc._n etc._n stat._n 27._o h._n 8._o 26._o incorporate_v wales_n into_o england_n and_o the_o other_o statute_n that_o concern_v it_o be_v 28._o e._n 3_o 2._o 9_o h._n 4._o 4_o 2._o h._n 5._o stat._n 2._o 5._o 26_o h._n 8_o 4._o 26_o h_o 8._o 6_o 27_o h._n 8._o 7._o 33._o h._n 8._o 13._o 34._o 35._o h._n 8_o 26._o 18_o el._n 8._o 27._o el_n 9_o rule_n 35._o stat._n 37._o h._n 8._o 21._o by_o assent_n of_o ordinary_a incumbent_a and_o patron_n under_o their_o seal_n a_o union_n may_v be_v make_v of_o two_o church_n be_v not_o above_o six_o pound_n yearly_a value_n in_o the_o king_n book_n nor_o distant_a one_o from_o another_o above_o a_o mile_n save_v to_o the_o king_n his_o ten_o and_o first_o fruit_n incorporate_v town_n it_o must_v be_v by_o assent_n of_o the_o corporation_n if_o such_o a_o poor_a parish_n will_v within_o a_o year_n assure_v by_o write_v to_o the_o incumbent_n and_o his_o successor_n 8_o l._n yearly_a the_o union_n shall_v be_v void_a rule_n 36._o etc._n etc._n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 36._o 9_o h._n 3._o if_o any_o shall_v give_v land_n to_o a_o religious_a house_n the_o grant_n shall_v be_v void_a and_o the_o land_n forfeit_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee._n stat._n of_o gloucester_n or_o de_fw-fr religiosis_fw-la 7_o e._n 1._o if_o land_n be_v alien_v in_o mortmain_n the_o immediate_a lord_n have_v a_o year_n to_o enter_v the_o next_o lord_n half_a a_o year_n and_o so_o from_o lord_n to_o lord_n till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o king_n westm_n 2._o 32._o 13._o e._n 1._o ecclesiastical_a person_n be_v debar_v by_o the_o former_a statute_n to_o obtain_v land_n in_o mortmain_n by_o alienation_n endeavour_v fraudulent_o to_o obtain_v they_o by_o default_n in_o a_o suit_n and_o therefore_o in_o such_o case_n it_o as_o ordain_v by_o this_o statute_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v inquire_v by_o the_o country_n whether_o or_o no_o the_o demandant_n have_v just_a title_n and_o if_o so_o than_o he_o shall_v recover_v seisin_n but_o if_o otherwise_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n shall_v enter_v as_o before_o west_n 2._o 41._o the_o king_n founder_n of_o a_o religious_a house_n may_v seize_v land_n which_o he_o give_v they_o if_o they_o alien_a ordinatio_fw-la de_fw-la perquirendis_fw-la libertatibus_fw-la 27._o e._n 1._o before_o licence_n be_v obtain_v to_o amortize_v land_n the_o writ_n ad_fw-la quod_fw-la damnum_fw-la shall_v issue_v out_o of_o the_o chancery_n to_o inquire_v concern_v the_o same_o etc._n etc._n the_o statute_n of_o amortize_v of_o land_n 34._o e._n 1._o land_n shall_v not_o be_v alien_v in_o mortmain_n where_o there_o be_v mean_a lord_n without_o their_o consent_n declare_v under_o their_o seal_n neither_o shall_v any_o thing_n pass_v where_o the_o donor_n reserve_v nothing_o to_o himself_o or_o where_o the_o inquisition_n be_v make_v and_o return_v without_o warrant_n viz._n without_o the_o write_v original_a return_v with_o the_o inquisition_n etc._n etc._n the_o statute_n of_o writ_n for_o make_v inquisition_n of_o land_n to_o be_v put_v in_o mortmain_n incerti_fw-la temporis_fw-la writ_n of_o ad_fw-la quod_fw-la damnum_fw-la for_o amortize_v land_n shall_v not_o be_v grant_v but_o upon_o petition_n in_o full_a parliament_n stâ—tutum_fw-la de_fw-la clero_fw-la 3._o 18_o e._n 3._o if_o prelate_n clerk_n benefice_v or_o other_o people_n of_o religion_n be_v impeach_v for_o purchase_v land_n in_o mortmain_n show_v the_o king_n charter_n of_o licence_n &_o process_n thereupon_o make_v by_o a_o inquest_n of_o ad_fw-la quod_fw-la damnum_fw-la or_o of_o the_o king_n grace_n or_o by_o fine_a they_o shall_v be_v in_o peace_n and_o albeit_o they_o can_v sufficient_o show_v that_o they_o have_v enter_v by_o due_a process_n licence_n to_o they_o grant_v yet_o they_o shall_v be_v well_o receive_v to_o make_v a_o convenient_a fine_a for_o the_o same_o stat._n 15._o r._n 2._o 5._o land_n convert_v to_o a_o churchyard_n or_o purchase_v to_o the_o use_n of_o any_o spiritual_a person_n guild_v or_o fraternity_n or_o by_o a_o corporation_n shall_v be_v within_o the_o statute_n of_o gloucester_n 7._o e._n 1._o chap._n 2._o rule_n 3_o praecog_n reg._n 9_o 17._o e._n 3._o the_o king_n shall_v have_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o land_n of_o natural_a fool_n take_v the_o profit_n thereof_o without_o waste_n and_o find_v they_o necessary_n and_o after_o their_o death_n shall_v render_v they_o to_o the_o right_a heir_n praec_fw-la reg._n 10._o the_o king_n shall_v provide_v that_o the_o land_n of_o lunatic_n be_v safe_o keep_v without_o waste_n and_o that_o they_o and_o their_o family_n if_o they_o have_v any_o shall_v be_v maintain_v with_o the_o profit_n thereof_o and_o that_o the_o residue_n be_v keep_v for_o their_o use_n and_o deliver_v unto_o they_o when_o they_o become_v to_o be_v of_o right_a mind_n so_o as_o their_o land_n shall_v not_o be_v alien_v neither_o shall_v the_o king_n have_v any_o profit_n thereof_o to_o his_o own_o use_n but_o if_o they_o die_v in_o such_o estate_n the_o residue_n shall_v be_v distribute_v for_o their_o soul_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o ordinary_a rule_n 4._o stat._n 1._o r._n 3._o 1._o all_o grant_n conveyance_n recoverye_n and_o other_o assurance_n make_v by_o cesti_fw-la que_fw-fr use_n be_v of_o full_a age_n compos_fw-la mentis_fw-la and_o at_o large_a shall_v be_v good_a against_o he_o and_o all_o other_o claim_v as_o his_o heir_n or_o heir_n or_o to_o his_o use_n save_v the_o right_a of_o all_o other_o stat._n 4._o h._n 7._o 17._o the_o heir_n of_o cesty_n que_fw-fr use_n of_o knight-service_n land_n shall_v be_v in_o ward_n and_o pay_v relief_n stat._n 19_o h._n 7._o 15._o execution_n upon_o judgement_n statute_n or_o recognizance_n shall_v be_v good_a against_o cesty_n que_fw-fr use_n the_o heir_n of_o cstey_n que_fw-fr use_n shall_v pay_v relief_n heriot_n etc._n etc._n cesty_n que_fw-fr use_n be_v a_o bond_n man_n the_o land_n shall_v be_v seize_v by_o the_o lord_n stat._n 27._o h_o 8._o 10._o where_o any_o be_v seize_v to_o the_o use_n of_o trust_n of_o another_o cesty_n que_fw-fr use_n or_o trust_n shall_v have_v the_o possession_n in_o such_o quality_n manner_n and_o condition_n as_o he_o have_v the_o use_n or_o trust_v so_o when_o any_o be_v seize_v to_o the_o use_n or_o intent_n that_o another_o shall_v have_v a_o yearly_a rent_n of_o the_o same_o land_n cesty_n que_fw-fr use_n of_o the_o rent_n shall_v be_v deem_v in_o the_o possession_n thereof_o of_o like_a estate_n as_o he_o have_v that_o use_n stat._n 27._o h._n 8._o 16._o bargain_n and_o sale_n to_o raise_v a_o use_n of_o inheritance_n or_o freehold_n must_v be_v by_o deed_n indent_a and_o enrol_v within_o six_o month_n in_o a_o court_n of_o record_n at_o wstem_n or_o in_o the_o county_n where_o the_o land_n lie_v rule_n 9_o stat._n 50._o e._n 3._o 6._o fraudulent_a assurance_n of_o land_n or_o good_n to_o deceive_v creditor_n shall_v be_v void_a and_o the_o creditor_n shall_v