dub_a of_o the_o prince_n knight_n or_o some_o such_o great_a occasion_n may_v be_v by_o the_o king_n compel_v to_o take_v that_o order_n &_o honour_n or_o to_o pay_v a_o fine_a which_z many_z not_o so_o desirous_a of_o honour_n as_o of_o riches_n have_v rather_o disburse_v some_o who_o for_o cause_n be_v not_o think_v worthy_a of_o y_fw-fr e_o honour_n and_o yet_o have_v ability_n neither_o be_v make_v knight_n though_o they_o will_v and_o yet_o pay_v the_o fine_a xl._n l._n sterling_a at_o that_o time_n when_o this_o order_n begin_v make_v now_o cxx._n l._n of_o currant_n money_n of_o england_n as_o i_o have_v more_o at_o large_a declare_v in_o my_o book_n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o standard_n or_o the_o valour_n of_o money_n when_o the_o roman_n do_v write_v senatus_fw-la populusque_fw-la romanus_n they_o seem_v to_o make_v but_o two_o order_n that_o be_v of_o the_o senate_n and_o of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o so_o in_o the_o name_n of_o people_n they_o contain_v equites_fw-la and_o plebem_fw-la so_o when_o we_o in_o england_n do_v say_v the_o lord_n and_o the_o commons_o the_o knight_n esquire_n &_o other_o gentleman_n with_o citizen_n burgese_n &_o yeoman_n be_v account_v to_o make_v the_o commons_o in_o ordain_v of_o law_n the_o senate_n of_o lord_n of_o england_n be_v one_o house_n where_o the_o archishop_n and_o bishop_n also_o be_v and_o the_o king_n or_o queen_n for_o the_o time_n be_v as_o chief_a the_o knight_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o gentleman_n citizen_n and_o burgese_n which_o be_v admit_v to_o consult_v upon_o the_o great_a affair_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v in_o a_o other_o house_n by_o themselves_o and_o that_o be_v call_v the_o house_n of_o the_o commons_o as_o we_o shall_v more_o clear_o describe_v when_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o parliament_n whereupon_o this_o word_n knight_n be_v derive_v and_o whether_o it_o do_v betoken_v no_o more_o but_o that_o which_o mile_n do_v in_o latin_a which_o be_v a_o soldier_n may_v be_v move_v as_o a_o question_n the_o word_n soldier_n now_o seem_v rather_o to_o come_v of_o sell_v and_o payment_n and_o more_o to_o betoken_v a_o wage_v or_o hire_v man_n to_o fight_v than_o otherwise_o yet_o caesar_n in_o his_o commentary_n call_v soldure_v in_o the_o tongue_n gallois_fw-fr man_n who_o devote_a &_o swear_v themselves_o in_o a_o certain_a band_n or_o oath_n one_o to_o another_o and_o to_o the_o captain_n which_o order_n if_o the_o almain_n do_v follow_v it_o may_v be_v that_o they_o who_o be_v not_o hire_v but_o be_v of_o the_o nation_n upon_o their_o own_o charge_n and_o for_o their_o advauncement_n and_o by_o such_o common_a oath_n or_o band_n that_o do_v follow_v the_o war_n speareman_n be_v possible_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d call_v knight_n or_o milites_fw-la and_o now_o among_o the_o almain_n some_o be_v call_v lanceknight_n as_o soldier_n of_o their_o band_n not_o hire_v although_o at_o this_o day_n they_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n hireling_n or_o peradventure_o it_o may_v be_v that_o they_o which_o be_v next_o about_o the_o prince_n as_o his_o guard_n or_o servant_n pick_v or_o choose_v man_n out_o of_o the_o rest_n be_v call_v in_o the_o almain_n language_n knighten_v which_o be_v much_o to_o say_v as_o servant_n these_o man_n be_v find_v of_o good_a service_n the_o word_n afterward_o be_v take_v for_o a_o honour_n and_o for_o he_o who_o make_v profession_n of_o arm_n our_o language_n be_v so_o change_v that_o i_o dare_v make_v no_o judgement_n thereof_o now_o we_o call_v he_o knight_n in_o english_a that_o the_o french_a call_v chevalier_fw-fr knight_n and_o the_o lataine_n equitem_fw-la or_o equestris_fw-la ordinis_fw-la and_o when_o any_o man_n be_v make_v a_o knight_n he_o kneel_v down_o be_v strike_v of_o the_o prince_n with_o his_o sword_n naked_a upon_o the_o back_n or_o shoulder_n the_o prince_n say_v sus_fw-la or_o sois_fw-fr chivalier_n au_fw-fr nom_fw-fr de_fw-fr dieu_fw-fr and_o in_o time_n past_a they_o add_v s._n george_n and_o at_o his_o arise_v the_o prince_n say_v avauncèr_n this_o be_v the_o manner_n of_o dub_a of_o knight_n at_o this_o present_a and_o that_o term_v dubbing_z be_v the_o old_a term_n in_o this_o point_n and_o not_o creation_n at_o the_o coronation_n of_o a_o king_n or_o queen_n there_o be_v knight_n of_o the_o bath_n make_v with_o long_a and_o more_o curious_a ceremony_n but_o howsoever_o one_o by_o dub_v or_o make_v a_o knight_n his_o wife_n be_v by_o and_o by_o call_v a_o lady_n as_o well_o as_o a_o baron_n wife_n he_o himself_o be_v not_o call_v lord_n but_o have_v to_o his_o name_n in_o common_a appelation_n add_v this_o syllable_n sir_n as_o if_o he_o before_o be_v name_v thomas_n william_n john_n or_o richard_n afterward_o he_o be_v always_o call_v sir_n thomas_n sir_n william_n senior_fw-la sir_n john_n sir_n richard_n and_o that_o be_v the_o title_n which_o man_n give_v to_o knight_n in_o england_n this_o may_v suffice_v at_o this_o time_n to_o declare_v the_o order_n of_o knighthood_n yet_o there_o be_v a_o other_o order_n of_o knight_n in_o england_n which_o be_v call_v the_o knight_n of_o the_o garter_n king_n edward_n the_o three_o after_o he_o have_v obtain_v many_o notable_a victory_n king_n john_n of_o france_n king_n james_n of_o scotland_n be_v both_o prisoner_n in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n at_o one_o time_n and_o king_n henry_n of_o castell_n the_o bastard_n expulse_v out_o of_o his_o realm_n and_o don_n petro_n restore_v unto_o it_o by_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o duke_n of_o aquitaine_n call_v the_o black_a prince_n invent_v a_o society_n of_o honour_n and_o make_v a_o choice_n out_o of_o his_o own_o realm_n and_o dominion_n and_o all_o christendom_n and_o the_o best_a and_o most_o excellent_a renown_a person_n in_o virtue_n and_o honour_n he_o do_v adorn_v with_o that_o title_n to_o be_v knight_n of_o his_o order_n give_v they_o a_o garter_n deck_v with_o gold_n pearl_n and_o precious_a stone_n with_o the_o buckle_v of_o gold_n to_o wear_v daily_o on_o the_o left_a leg_n only_o a_o kirtle_n gown_n cloak_n chaperon_o collar_n and_o other_o august_n and_o magnifical_a apparel_n both_o of_o stuff_n and_o fashion_n exquisite_a &_o heroical_a to_o wear_v at_o high_a feast_n as_o to_o so_o high_a and_o princely_a a_o order_n be_v meet_v of_o which_o order_n he_o and_o his_o succesor_n king_n and_o queen_n of_o england_n to_o be_v the_o sovereign_a and_o the_o rest_n by_o certain_a statute_n and_o law_n among_o themselves_o be_v take_v as_o brethren_n and_o fellow_n in_o that_o order_n to_o the_o number_n of_o xxvi_o but_o because_o this_o be_v rather_o a_o ornament_n of_o the_o realm_n than_o any_o policy_n or_o government_n thereof_o i_o leave_v to_o speak_v any_o further_a of_o it_o of_o esquier_n chap._n 19_o escuy_a or_o esquire_n which_o we_o call_v common_o squire_n be_v a_o french_a word_n and_o betoken_v scutigerum_fw-la or_o armigerum_fw-la and_o be_v all_o those_o which_o bear_v arm_n as_o we_o call_v they_o or_o armoury_n as_o they_o term_v they_o in_o french_a which_o to_o bear_v be_v a_o testimony_n of_o the_o nobility_n or_o race_n from_o whence_o they_o do_v come_v these_o be_v take_v for_o no_o distinct_a order_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n but_o do_v go_v with_o the_o residue_n of_o the_o gentleman_n save_v that_o as_o i_o take_v it_o they_o be_v those_o who_o bear_v arm_n testimony_n as_o i_o have_v say_v of_o their_o race_n and_o therefore_o have_v neither_o creation_n nor_o dub_a or_o else_o they_o be_v at_o the_o first_o costerel_n or_o the_o bearer_n of_o the_o arm_n of_o lord_n or_o knight_n and_o by_o that_o have_v their_o name_n for_o a_o dignity_n and_o honour_n give_v to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o a_o common_a soldier_n call_v in_o latin_a gregarius_fw-la mile_n of_o gentleman_n chap._n 20._o gentleman_n be_v those_o who_o their_o blood_n and_o race_n do_v make_v noble_a and_o know_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o greek_a the_o lataine_n call_v they_o all_o nobiles_fw-la as_o the_o french_a noble_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o nobilitas_fw-la in_o latin_a be_v define_v honour_n or_o title_n give_v for_o that_o the_o ancestor_n have_v be_v notable_a in_o riches_n or_o virtue_n or_o in_o few_o word_n old_a riches_n or_o prowess_n remain_v in_o one_o stock_n which_o if_o the_o successor_n do_v keep_v and_o follow_v they_o be_v verè_fw-la nobiles_fw-la and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d if_o they_o do_v not_o yet_o the_o same_o and_o wealth_n of_o their_o ancestor_n serve_v to_o cover_v they_o so_o long_o as_o it_o can_v as_o a_o thing_n once_o gilt_v though_o it_o be_v copper_n within_o till_o the_o gilt_n be_v wear_v away_o this_o have_v his_o reason_n for_o the_o etymology_n of_o the_o name_n
a_o certain_a proportion_n between_o the_o scarcity_n and_o plenty_n of_o other_o thing_n with_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o i_o have_v declare_v more_o at_o large_a in_o my_o book_n of_o money_n for_o all_o other_o measure_n and_o weighte_n aswell_o of_o dry_a thing_n as_o of_o wet_a they_o have_v accustom_v to_o be_v establish_v or_o alter_v by_o the_o parliament_n and_o not_o by_o the_o princess_n proclamation_n only_o the_o prince_n use_v also_o to_o dispense_v with_o law_n make_v whereas_o equity_n require_v a_o moderation_n to_o be_v have_v and_o with_o pain_n for_o transgression_n of_o law_n where_o the_o pain_n of_o the_o law_n be_v apply_v only_o to_o the_o prince_n but_o where_o the_o forfeit_n as_o in_o popular_a action_n it_o chance_v many_o time_n be_v part_n to_o the_o prince_n the_o other_o part_n to_o the_o declarator_n detector_n or_o informer_n there_o the_o prince_n do_v dispense_v for_o his_o own_o part_n only_o where_o the_o criminal_a action_n be_v intend_v by_o inquisition_n that_o manner_n be_v call_v with_o we_o at_o the_o princess_n suit_n the_o prince_n givee_v absolution_n or_o pardon_n yet_o with_o a_o clause_n modo_fw-la stet_fw-la rectus_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o no_o man_n object_n against_o the_o offendor_n whereby_o notwithstanding_o that_o he_o have_v the_o princess_n pardon_n if_o the_o person_n offend_v will_v take_v upon_o he_o the_o accusation_n which_o in_o our_o language_n be_v call_v the_o appeal_n in_o case_n where_o it_o lie_v the_o princess_n pardon_n do_v not_o serve_v the_o offendor_n the_o prince_n give_v all_o the_o chief_a and_o high_a office_n or_o magistracy_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v it_o of_o judgement_n or_o dignity_n temporal_a or_o spiritual_a and_o have_v the_o tenthes_o and_o first_o fruit_n of_o all_o ecclesiastical_a promotion_n except_o in_o the_o university_n and_o certain_a college_n which_o be_v exempt_a all_o writ_n execution_n and_o commandment_n be_v do_v in_o the_o princess_n name_n we_o do_v say_v in_o england_n the_o life_n and_o member_n of_o the_o king_n subject_n be_v the_o king_n only_o that_o be_v to_o say_v no_o man_n have_v halt_a nor_o moyenne_n justice_n but_o the_o king_n nor_o can_v hold_v plea_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o all_o those_o plea_n which_o touch_v the_o life_n or_o the_o mutilation_n of_o man_n be_v call_v plea_n of_o the_o crown_n nor_o can_v be_v dooke_v in_o the_o name_n of_o any_o inferior_a person_n than_o he_o or_o she_o that_o hold_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o likewise_o no_o man_n can_v give_v pardon_n thereof_o but_o the_o prince_n only_o although_o in_o time_n pass_v there_o be_v certain_a county_n palatine_n as_o chester_n durham_n clie_n which_o be_v halt_a justicer_n and_o writ_n go_v in_o their_o name_n and_o also_o some_o lord_n marcher_n of_o wales_n which_o claim_v like_o privilege_n all_o these_o be_v now_o wear_v away_o the_o supreme_a justice_n be_v do_v in_o the_o king_n name_n and_o by_o his_o authority_n only_o the_o prince_n have_v the_o wardship_n and_o first_o marriage_n of_o all_o those_o that_o hold_v land_n of_o he_o in_o chief_a and_o also_o the_o government_n of_o all_o fool_n natural_a or_o such_o as_o be_v make_v by_o adventure_n of_o sickness_n and_o so_o continue_v if_o they_o be_v land_v this_o be_v once_o grant_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n although_o some_o inconvenience_n have_v be_v think_v to_o grow_v thereof_o &_o since_o that_o time_n it_o have_v be_v think_v very_o unreasonable_a yet_o once_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n who_o ought_v to_o go_v about_o to_o take_v the_o club_n out_o of_o hercules_n hand_n and_o be_v govern_v just_o &_o right_o i_o see_v not_o so_o much_o inconvenience_n in_o it_o as_o some_o man_n will_v make_v of_o it_o diverse_a other_o right_n and_o preeminence_n the_o prince_n have_v which_o be_v call_v prerogative_n royalle_n or_o the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o king_n which_o be_v declare_v particular_o in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n to_o be_v short_a the_o prince_n be_v the_o life_n the_o head_n and_o the_o authority_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v do_v in_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o to_o no_o prince_n be_v do_v more_o honour_n and_o reverence_n than_o to_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n of_o england_n no_o man_n speak_v to_o the_o prince_n nor_o serve_v at_o the_o table_n but_o in_o adoration_n and_o kneel_v all_o person_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v bareheaded_a before_o he_o insomuch_o that_o in_o the_o chamber_n of_o presence_n where_o the_o cloth_n of_o estate_n be_v set_v no_o man_n dare_v walk_v yea_o though_o the_o prince_n be_v not_o there_o no_o man_n dare_v tarry_v there_o but_o barehead_v this_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o realm_n for_o all_o stranger_n be_v suffer_v there_o and_o in_o all_o place_n to_o use_v the_o manner_n of_o their_o country_n such_o be_v the_o civility_n of_o our_o nation_n the_o chief_a point_n wherein_o one_o common_a wealth_n do_v differ_v from_o a_o other_o chap._n 4._o now_o that_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o parliament_n which_o be_v the_o whole_a universal_a and_o general_a consent_n and_o authority_n aswell_o of_o the_o prince_n as_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o commons_o that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o the_o whole_a head_n and_o body_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o also_o of_o the_o prince_n which_o be_v the_o head_n life_n and_o governor_n of_o this_o common_a wealth_n there_o remain_v to_o show_v how_o this_o head_n do_v distribute_v his_o authority_n and_o power_n to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o member_n for_o the_o government_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o the_o common_a wealth_n of_o the_o politic_a body_n of_o england_n and_o whereas_o as_o all_o common_a wealth_n and_o governmente_n be_v most_o occupy_v and_o be_v most_o diverse_a in_o the_o fashion_n of_o five_o thing_n in_o make_v of_o law_n and_o ordinance_n for_o their_o own_o government_n in_o make_v of_o battle_n &_o peace_n of_o truce_n with_o foreign_a nation_n in_o provide_v of_o money_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o themselves_o within_o themselves_o &_o defence_n of_o themselves_o against_o their_o enemy_n in_o choose_v and_o election_n of_o the_o chief_a officer_n and_o magistrate_n and_o fift_o in_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n the_o first_o and_o third_o we_o have_v show_v be_v do_v by_o the_o prince_n in_o parliament_n the_o second_o and_o four_o by_o the_o prince_n himself_o the_o five_o remain_v to_o be_v declare_v of_o the_o three_o manner_n and_o form_n of_o trial_n or_o judgement_n in_o england_n chap._n 5._o by_o order_n and_o usage_n of_o england_n there_o be_v three_o way_n and_o manner_n whereby_o absolute_a and_o definite_a judgement_n be_v give_v by_o parliament_n which_o be_v the_o high_a and_o most_o absolute_a by_o battle_n and_o by_o the_o great_a assize_n trial_n or_o judgement_n by_o parliament_n chap._n 6._o the_o matter_n of_o give_v judgement_n by_o parliament_n between_o private_a and_o private_a man_n or_o between_o the_o prince_n and_o any_o private_a man_n be_v it_o in_o matter_n criminal_a or_o civil_a for_o land_n or_o for_o heritage_n do_v not_o differ_v from_o thorder_n which_o i_o have_v prescribe_v but_o it_o proceed_v by_o bill_n thrice_o read_v in_o each_o house_n and_o assent_v to_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o and_o at_o the_o last_o day_n confirm_v and_o allow_v by_o the_o prince_n howbeit_o such_o bill_n be_v seldom_o receive_v because_o that_o great_a counsel_n be_v enough_o occupy_v with_o the_o public_a affair_n of_o the_o realm_n will_v not_o glad_o intermeddle_v itself_o with_o private_a quarrel_n &_o question_n trial_o of_o judgement_n by_o battle_n chap._n 7._o this_o be_v at_o this_o present_v not_o much_o use_v partly_o because_o of_o long_a time_n the_o pope_n and_o the_o clergy_n to_o who_o in_o time_n past_a we_o be_v much_o subject_n always_o cry_v against_o it_o as_o a_o thing_n damnable_a and_o unlawful_a and_o partly_o because_o in_o all_o common_a wealth_n as_o to_o the_o tongue_n so_o to_o the_o manner_n fashion_n habit_n yea_o and_o kind_n of_o trial_n and_o iudgmente_n and_o to_o all_o other_o thing_n that_o be_v therein_o use_v time_n and_o space_n of_o year_n bring_v a_o change_n but_o i_o can_v not_o yet_o learn_v that_o it_o be_v ever_o abrogate_a so_o that_o it_o remain_v in_o force_n whensoever_o it_o be_v demand_v the_o manner_n of_o it_o be_v describe_v in_o briton_n the_o trial_n by_o affise_v or_o xij_o man_n &_o first_o of_o the_o three_o part_n which_o be_v necessary_a in_o judgement_n chap._n 8._o the_o two_o first_o iugdemente_n be_v absolute_a supreme_a and_o without_o appeal_n and_o so_o be_v also_o the_o judgement_n by_o the_o great_a affise_v and_o because_o our_o manner_n of_o judgement_n in_o england_n be_v in_o
plead_a place_n in_o rome_n may_v be_v cover_v over_o with_o canvas_n as_o their_o theater_n be_v to_o the_o intent_n that_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o defendaunte_n that_o be_v there_o may_v plead_v their_o matter_n more_o at_o ease_n and_o not_o be_v in_o so_o much_o danger_n of_o their_o health_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n strike_v full_a and_o open_a upon_o their_o head_n which_o be_v no_o small_a grief_n and_o disease_n special_o at_o rome_n nay_o say_v cato_n for_o my_o part_n i_o have_v rather_o with_o that_o all_o the_o way_n to_o the_o place_n of_o plead_v be_v cast_v over_o with_o galthrop_n that_o the_o foot_n of_o such_o as_o love_v so_o well_o plead_v shall_v feel_v so_o much_o pain_n of_o those_o prick_v in_o go_v thither_o as_o their_o head_n do_v of_o the_o sun_n in_o tarry_v there_o he_o mean_v that_o they_o be_v but_o idle_a hot_a head_n busy_a body_n and_o troublesome_a man_n in_o the_o common_a wealth_n that_o do_v so_o nourish_v plead_v good_a labourer_n and_o quiet_a man_n can_v be_v content_a to_o end_v their_o matter_n at_o home_n by_o judgement_n of_o their_o neighbour_n and_o kinsfolk_n without_o spend_v so_o their_o money_n upon_o procurer_n and_o advocate_n who_o we_o call_v attorney_n counsellor_n sergeant_n and_o general_o man_n of_o law_n those_o be_v account_v profitable_a citizen_n who_o attend_v their_o honest_a labour_n and_o business_n at_o home_n and_o not_o stand_v wait_v and_o gape_v upon_o their_o roll_n and_o process_n in_o the_o law_n as_o for_o the_o other_o by_o his_o judgement_n it_o be_v no_o matter_n what_o mischief_n they_o suffer_v to_o the_o other_o question_n of_o the_o chancery_n this_o i_o answer_v that_o our_o law_n which_o be_v call_v of_o we_o the_o common_a law_n as_o you_o will_v say_v ius_n civil_a be_v and_o stand_v upon_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v ius_n summum_fw-la and_o their_o maximee_n be_v take_v so_o straitlie_o that_o they_o may_v not_o depart_v from_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o word_n even_o as_o the_o old_a civil_a law_n be_v and_o therefore_o as_o that_o lack_v the_o help_n of_o a_o praetor_n which_o may_v moderari_fw-la illud_fw-la ius_fw-la summum_fw-la give_v action_n where_o none_o be_v mitigate_v the_o exactness_n and_o rigour_n of_o the_o law_n write_v give_v exception_n as_o metus_fw-la doli_fw-la mali_fw-la minoris_fw-la aetatis_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o remedy_n and_o maintain_v always_o aequum_fw-la &_o bonum_fw-la the_o same_o order_n and_o rank_n hold_v our_o chancery_n and_o the_o chancellor_n have_v the_o very_a authority_n herein_o as_o have_v the_o praeter_fw-la in_o the_o old_a civil_a law_n before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n so_o he_o that_o put_v up_o his_o bill_n in_o the_o chancery_n after_o that_o he_o have_v declare_v the_o mischief_n wherein_o he_o be_v have_v relief_n as_o in_o the_o solemn_a forum_n and_o for_o so_o much_o as_o in_o this_o case_n he_o be_v without_o remedy_n in_o the_o common_a law_n therefore_o he_o require_v the_o chancellor_n according_a to_o equity_n and_o reason_n to_o provide_v for_o he_o and_o to_o take_v such_o order_n as_o to_o good_a conscience_n shall_v appertain_v and_o the_o court_n of_o the_o chancery_n be_v call_v of_o the_o common_a people_n the_o court_n of_o conscience_n because_o that_o the_o chancellor_n be_v not_o strain_v by_o rigour_n or_o form_n of_o word_n of_o law_n to_o judge_v but_o ex_fw-la aequo_fw-la and_o bono_fw-mi and_o according_a to_o conscience_n as_o i_o have_v say_v and_o in_o this_o court_n the_o usual_a and_o proper_a form_n of_o plead_v of_o england_n be_v not_o use_v but_o the_o form_n of_o plead_v by_o writing_n which_o be_v use_v in_o other_o country_n according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o trial_n be_v not_o by_o xij_o man_n but_o by_o the_o examination_n of_o witness_n as_o in_o other_o court_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o judge_n in_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o trial_n and_o plead_v there_o chap._n 12._o the_o prince_n out_o of_o the_o number_n of_o those_o who_o have_v be_v counsellor_n or_o sergeant_n at_o the_o law_n which_o be_v those_o who_o in_o latin_a be_v call_v causidici_fw-la or_o advocati_fw-la choose_v two_o of_o the_o most_o approve_a for_o learning_n age_n discretion_n and_o exercise_n of_o who_o the_o one_o be_v call_v chief_a justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n or_o simple_o chief_a justice_n the_o other_o chief_a justice_n of_o the_o common_a place_n and_o other_o to_o the_o number_n of_o six_o or_o more_o which_o have_v each_o a_o ordinary_a fee_n or_o stipend_n of_o the_o prince_n these_o do_v sit_v at_o such_o day_n as_o be_v term_n which_o may_v be_v call_v dies_fw-la legitimi_fw-la iuridici_fw-la or_o fasti_fw-la in_o their_o distinct_a place_n as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o there_o they_o hear_v the_o plead_n of_o all_o matter_n which_o do_v come_v before_o they_o and_o in_o civil_a matter_n where_o the_o plead_n be_v for_o money_n or_o land_n or_o possession_n part_n by_o writing_n and_o part_n by_o declaration_n and_o altercation_n of_o the_o advocate_n the_o one_o with_o other_o it_o do_v so_o proceed_v before_o they_o till_o it_o do_v come_v to_o the_o issue_n which_o the_o latins_n do_v call_v statum_fw-la causae_fw-la i_o do_v not_o mean_v contestationem_fw-la litis_fw-la but_o as_o the_o rhetoritian_n do_v call_v statum_fw-la we_o do_v most_o proper_o call_v it_o the_o issue_n for_o there_o be_v the_o place_n where_o the_o debate_n and_o strife_n remain_v as_o a_o water_n hold_v in_o a_o close_a and_o dark_a vessel_n issue_v out_o be_v void_v and_o empty_v and_o not_o where_o else_o that_o stroke_n well_o strike_v be_v the_o depart_n of_o all_o the_o quarrel_n issue_n or_o status_fw-la in_o our_o law_n be_v ordinary_o two_o facti_fw-la and_o iuris_fw-la of_o the_o two_o manner_n of_o issue_n chap._n 13._o if_o the_o question_n be_v of_o the_o law_n that_o be_v if_o both_o the_o party_n do_v agree_v upon_o the_o fact_n and_o each_o do_v claim_v that_o by_o law_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v it_o and_o will_v still_o in_o that_o sort_n maintain_v their_o right_n than_o it_o be_v call_v a_o demurrer_n in_o law_n where_o if_o in_o the_o law_n the_o case_n seem_v to_o the_o judge_n that_o sit_v doubtful_a only_o it_o be_v call_v a_o checkerchamber_n case_n and_o all_o the_o judge_n will_v meet_v together_o and_o what_o they_o shall_v pronounce_v to_o be_v the_o law_n that_o be_v hold_v for_o right_a and_o the_o other_o party_n lose_v his_o action_n or_o land_n for_o ever_o if_o the_o sergeante_n or_o counsellor_n do_v stand_v upon_o any_o point_n in_o the_o law_n which_o be_v not_o so_o doubtful_a the_o judge_n who_o be_v take_v for_o most_o expert_a bid_v he_o go_v forward_o and_o if_o he_o have_v no_o other_o to_o say_v but_o stand_v upon_o that_o point_n of_o the_o law_n peremptory_a that_o bid_v go_v forward_o be_v take_v that_o he_o lose_v his_o action_n and_o the_o defendant_n be_v license_v to_o depart_v without_o a_o day_n and_o this_o be_v where_o the_o issue_n or_o question_n be_v of_o the_o law_n or_o juris_fw-la so_o be_v that_o case_n where_o the_o law_n be_v not_o doubtful_a according_a to_o the_o matter_n contain_v in_o the_o declaration_n answer_n replication_n rejoinder_n or_o triplication_n the_o judge_n out_o of_o hand_n decide_v it_o and_o it_o be_v the_o manner_n that_o each_o party_n must_v agree_v to_o the_o other_o still_o in_o y_z e_z fact_n which_o he_o can_v deny_v for_o if_o he_o once_o come_v to_o deny_v any_o deed_n as_o not_o do_v not_o his_o writing_n that_o the_o man_n by_o who_o the_o adversary_n claim_v be_v not_o the_o adversary_n ancestor_n protestation_n or_o the_o evidence_n which_o his_o adversary_n bring_v be_v not_o true_a or_o that_o his_o gift_n be_v former_a or_o any_o such_o like_a exception_n which_o be_v vaileable_a to_o abate_v the_o action_n or_o bar_v the_o party_n and_o the_o other_o join_v in_o the_o affirmative_a and_o will_v aver_v and_o prove_v the_o same_o this_o be_v call_v the_o issue_n and_o immediate_o all_o question_n of_o the_o law_n cease_v as_o agree_v by_o both_o the_o party_n that_o there_o be_v no_o question_n in_o the_o law_n then_o as_o that_o issue_n facti_fw-la be_v find_v by_o the_o xij_o man_n of_o who_o we_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o so_o the_o one_o party_n or_o other_o lose_v his_o cause_n and_o action_n so_o that_o contrary_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n where_o first_o the_o fact_n be_v examine_v by_o witness_n indices_fw-la torment_n and_o such_o like_a probation_n to_o find_v out_o the_o truth_n thereof_o and_o that_o do_v the_o advocat_n do_v dispute_v of_o the_o law_n to_o make_v of_o it_o what_o they_o can_v say_v ex_fw-la
facto_fw-la ius_fw-la oritur_fw-la here_o the_o sergeante_n or_o counsellor_n before_o the_o judge_n do_v in_o pass_a forewarde_n with_o their_o plead_n determine_v and_o agree_v upon_o the_o law_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n and_o in_o manner_n all_o action_n as_o well_o criminiall_a as_o civil_a come_v to_o the_o issue_n &_o state_n of_o some_o fact_n which_o be_v deny_v of_o the_o one_o party_n and_o aver_v of_o the_o other_o which_o fact_n be_v try_v by_o the_o xij_o man_n as_o they_o find_v so_o the_o action_n be_v win_v or_o lose_v and_o if_o a_o man_n have_v many_o peremptory_a exception_n peremptory_a exception_n i_o call_v only_o those_o which_o can_v make_v the_o state_n and_o issue_n because_o the_o xij_o man_n be_v common_o rude_a and_o ignorant_a the_o party_n be_v compel_v to_o choose_v one_o exception_n whereupon_o to_o find_v his_o issue_n which_o choose_v if_o he_o fail_v in_o that_o by_o the_o verdict_n of_o xij_o man_n he_o lose_v his_o action_n and_o cause_n and_o the_o rest_n can_v serve_v he_o for_o nothing_o have_v see_v both_o in_o france_n and_o other_o place_n many_o device_n edict_n and_o ordinance_n how_o to_o abridge_v process_n and_o to_o find_v how_o that_o long_a suit_n in_o law_n may_v be_v make_v short_a i_o have_v not_o perceive_v nor_o read_v as_o yet_o so_o wise_a so_o just_a and_o so_o well_o devise_v a_o mean_a find_v out_o as_o this_o by_o any_o man_n among_o we_o in_o europe_n truth_n it_o be_v that_o where_o this_o fashion_n have_v not_o be_v use_v and_o to_o they_o to_o who_o it_o be_v new_a it_o will_v not_o be_v so_o easy_o understand_v and_o therefore_o they_o may_v peradventure_o be_v of_o contrary_a judgement_n but_o the_o more_o they_o do_v weigh_v and_o consider_v it_o the_o more_o reasonable_a they_o shall_v find_v it_o how_o the_o issue_n question_n or_o status_fw-la iuris_fw-la be_v decide_v i_o have_v tell_v now_o i_o will_v show_v how_o it_o be_v try_v when_o it_o do_v come_v to_o the_o question_n state_n or_o issue_n of_o the_o deed_n or_o fact_n and_o first_o i_o must_v speak_v more_o large_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v in_o the_o process_n and_o of_o such_o person_n as_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o execution_n thereof_o of_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o of_o the_o court_n of_o exchequer_n chap._n 14._o the_o roman_n have_v to_o execute_v the_o commandment_n of_o the_o magistrate_n lictores_fw-la viatores_fw-la accensos_fw-la the_o civil_a law_n since_o that_o time_n have_v other_o name_n term_n and_o officer_n the_o execution_n of_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o magistrate_n in_o england_n be_v ordinary_o do_v by_o the_o sheriff_n the_o sheriff_n which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o the_o réeve_v or_o bailie_n of_o the_o shire_n be_v proper_o word_n for_o word_n questor_n provinciae_fw-la it_o be_v he_o which_o gather_v uppe_o and_o account_v for_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o shire_n that_o come_v to_o the_o exchequer_n the_o exchequer_n which_o be_v fiscus_fw-la principis_fw-la or_o aerarium_fw-la publicum_fw-la and_o i_o can_v tell_v in_o what_o language_n it_o be_v call_v scaccarium_n some_o think_v that_o it_o be_v first_o call_v statarium_fw-la because_o that_o there_o be_v the_o stable_a place_n to_o account_v for_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o crown_n aswell_o that_o which_o come_v of_o the_o patrimony_n which_o we_o call_v the_o demesne_n as_o that_o which_o come_v of_o other_o incident_a acquisition_n be_v they_o rent_n custom_n tenthes_o quinziesme_n tax_n subsidy_n wheresoever_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o court_n be_v according_a to_o the_o time_n and_o occasion_n be_v a_o place_n stable_n continual_a and_o appoint_v for_o to_o reckon_v and_o account_v the_o hearer_n of_o the_o account_n who_o in_o latin_a may_v be_v call_v tribuni_fw-la aerarij_fw-la have_v auditor_n under_o they_o which_o the_o latin_n do_v call_v rationales_fw-la but_o they_o be_v the_o chief_a for_o the_o account_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o may_v be_v call_v juridicirationale_n in_o english_a we_o call_v they_o baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n whereof_o be_v one_o who_o be_v call_v the_o chief_a baron_n as_o tribunus_n or_o juridicus_fw-la rationalis_fw-la primus_fw-la or_o princeps_fw-la the_o chief_a of_o all_o be_v call_v high_a treasurer_n of_o england_n as_o you_o will_v say_v in_o latin_a supremus_fw-la aerarij_fw-la anglici_fw-la quaestor_fw-la or_o tribunus_n aerarius_fw-la maximus_fw-la in_o this_o court_n be_v hear_v quadruplatores_fw-la which_o we_o call_v promoter_n which_o be_v those_o that_o in_o popular_a and_o penal_a action_n be_v delatores_fw-la have_v thereby_o part_n of_o the_o profit_n by_o the_o law_n assign_v in_o this_o court_n if_o any_o question_n be_v it_o be_v determine_v after_o the_o order_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n by_o the_o xij_o man_n as_o i_o have_v say_v and_o all_o customer_n which_o be_v in_o latin_a call_v publicarij_fw-la in_fw-la gréeke_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d do_v account_n in_o this_o office_n the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o shire_n be_v call_v in_o our_o common_a latin_a vicecome_v as_o one_o will_v say_v vicarius_fw-la comitis_fw-la or_o procome_v do_v that_o service_n to_o attend_v upon_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o tribunalle_n or_o judge_n which_o the_o earl_n or_o county_n shall_v do_v which_o earl_n or_o country_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v attend_v upon_o the_o prince_n in_o the_o war_n or_o otherwise_o about_o the_o prince_n as_o the_o word_n bear_v comes_fw-la principis_fw-la whereby_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o chief_a office_n of_o the_o county_n or_o earl_n be_v to_o see_v the_o king_n justice_n to_o have_v course_n and_o to_o be_v well_o execute_v in_o the_o shire_n or_o county_n and_o the_o prince_n revenue_n well_o answer_v and_o bring_v in_o aerarium_fw-la principis_fw-la which_o be_v call_v of_o we_o the_o treasury_n if_o any_o fine_n or_o amerciament_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v call_v mulctae_fw-la belevy_v in_o any_o of_o the_o say_a court_n upon_o any_o man_n or_o any_o arrearage_n of_o account_n by_o the_o latin_n call_v reliqua_fw-la of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v of_o custom_n tax_n subsidy_n or_o any_o other_o such_o occasion_n the_o same_o y_fw-fr e_o sheriff_n of_o the_o shire_n do_v gather_v and_o be_v respondent_fw-la therefore_o in_o the_o exchequer_n as_o for_o other_o ordinary_a rent_n of_o patrimonial_a land_n and_o most_o common_o for_o the_o tax_n custom_n and_o subsidy_n there_o be_v particular_a receiver_n and_o collector_n which_o do_v answer_v it_o into_o the_o exchequer_n the_o sheriff_n have_v under_o he_o a_o under_o sheriff_n at_o his_o charge_n and_o appointment_n learn_v somewhat_o in_o the_o law_n especial_o if_o he_o be_v not_o learn_v himself_o &_o diverse_a bailiff_n which_o he_o call_v errantes_fw-la who_o he_o make_v at_o his_o pleasure_n who_o can_v know_v each_o land_n and_o person_n in_o the_o shire_n and_o their_o ability_n to_o go_v upon_o enqueste_n either_o to_o distreine_v or_o to_o summon_v he_o to_o appear_v who_o the_o sheriff_n shall_v appoint_v and_o for_o this_o cause_n to_o the_o sheriff_n as_o to_o the_o minister_n most_o proper_a of_o the_o law_n the_o writ_n be_v direct_v when_o any_o thing_n come_v to_o a_o issue_n of_o the_o deed_n or_o fact_n there_o be_v a_o writ_n or_o write_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o shire_n where_o the_o land_n be_v whereupon_o the_o controversy_n be_v or_o where_o the_o man_n dwell_v of_o who_o the_o money_n be_v demand_v which_o writ_n be_v call_v venire_fw-la facias_fw-la then_o after_o the_o same_o effect_n an_o alias_o plury_n or_o distringas_fw-la according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o action_n to_o the_o return_n of_o the_o sheriff_n and_o if_o for_o any_o disobedience_n of_o not_o come_v and_o appear_v there_o be_v a_o fine_a which_o the_o latin_n do_v call_v mulcta_fw-la set_v upon_o any_o juror_n head_n the_o sheriff_n be_v charge_v with_o 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so_o the_o people_n be_v accustom_v to_o live_v in_o such_o a_o equality_n of_o justice_n &_o that_o in_o such_o sort_n that_o y_z e_z rich_a have_v no_o more_o advantage_n therein_o than_o the_o poor_a the_o process_n and_o proceed_n to_o the_o judgement_n be_v so_o short_a and_o judgement_n also_o be_v peremptory_a and_o without_o appellation_n yet_o to_o help_v for_o small_a matter_n where_o no_o great_a sum_n be_v in_o question_n there_o be_v other_o court_n in_o every_o shire_n from_o three_o week_n to_o three_o week_n the_o sheriff_n for_o small_a thing_n not_o pass_v xl_o s._n and_o in_o certain_a hundred_o and_o liberty_n the_o bailiff_n likewise_o from_o three_o week_n to_o three_o week_n hold_v plea._n and_o whosoever_o be_v possessioner_n and_o owner_n of_o a_o manor_n may_v hold_v from_o three_o week_n to_o three_o week_n or_o at_o his_o pleasure_n of_o his_o tennante_n and_o amongst_o his_o tennante_n a_o court_n call_v a_o court_n baron_fw-fr and_o there_o his_o tennantes_n be_v swear_v make_v a_o jury_n which_o be_v not_o call_v the_o enquest_n but_o the_o homage_n these_o principal_o do_v inquire_v of_o the_o copy_n holder_n and_o other_o free_a holder_n that_n be_v dead_a since_o the_o last_o court_n and_o bring_v in_o their_o heir_n and_o next_o successor_n and_o likewise_o of_o incrochment_n or_o intrusion_n of_o any_o of_o the_o tennante_n against_o the_o lord_n or_o among_o themselves_o they_o make_v order_n and_o law_n amongst_o themselves_o the_o pain_n of_o they_o if_o they_o be_v after_o break_v come_v to_o the_o lord_n and_o if_o any_o small_a matter_n be_v in_o controversy_n it_o be_v put_v to_o they_o and_o common_o they_o do_v end_v it_o but_o these_o court_n do_v serve_v rather_o for_o man_n that_o can_v be_v content_a to_o be_v order_v by_o their_o neighbour_n and_o which_o love_n their_o quiet_a and_o profit_n in_o their_o husbandry_n more_o than_o to_o be_v busy_a in_o the_o law_n for_o whether_o party_n soever_o will_v may_v procure_v a_o write_v out_o of_o the_o high_a court_n to_o remove_v the_o plea_n to_o westminster_n in_o city_n and_o other_o great_a town_n there_o be_v diverse_a liberty_n to_o hold_v plea_n for_o a_o big_a sum_n which_o do_v determine_v aswell_o as_o the_o common_a law_n and_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o yet_o for_o they_o that_o will_v it_o may_v be_v remoove_v to_o westminster_n hall_n king_n henry_n the_o eight_o ordain_v first_o a_o precedent_n counsellor_n and_o judge_n one_o for_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n at_o ludlowe_n or_o else_o where_o a_o other_o for_o the_o north_n part_n of_o england_n at_o york_n where_o be_v many_o cause_n determine_v these_o two_o be_v as_o be_v parliament_n in_o france_n but_o yet_o if_o there_o be_v any_o matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n the_o party_n may_v move_v it_o at_o the_o first_o or_o remove_v it_o afterwards_o to_o westminster_n hall_n and_o to_o the_o ordinary_a judge_n of_o the_o realm_n or_o to_o the_o chanceller_n as_o the_o matter_n be_v these_o two_o court_n do_v hear_v matter_n before_o they_o part_n after_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n and_o part_n after_o the_o fashion_n of_o the_o chancery_n of_o the_o leete_n or_o law_n day_n chap._n 18._o leete_n or_o law_n day_n be_v not_o incident_a to_o every_o manor_n but_o to_o those_o only_o which_o by_o special_a grant_n or_o long_a prescription_n have_v such_o liberty_n this_o be_v as_o it_o may_v appear_v first_o a_o special_a trust_n and_o confidence_n and_o commission_n give_v to_o a_o few_o put_v in_o trust_n by_o the_o prince_n as_o be_v now_o to_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n to_o see_v man_n swear_v to_o the_o prince_n to_o take_v pledge_n and_o surety_n in_o that_o manner_n of_o one_o for_o a_o other_o to_o answer_v for_o obedience_n and_o truth_n to_o inquire_v of_o privy_a conspiracy_n fray_n murder_n and_o bloudshedde_n and_o to_o this_o be_v add_v the_o oversight_n of_o bread_n and_o ale_n and_o other_o measure_n many_o time_n they_o that_o be_v out_o of_o the_o homage_n and_o court_n baron_n of_o that_o manor_n and_o lordship_n be_v nevertheless_o astrein_v and_o answerable_a to_o come_v to_o the_o léete_v this_o léete_v be_v ordinary_o keep_v but_o twice_o in_o the_o year_n and_o that_o at_o term_n and_o time_n prescribe_v the_o léete_v or_o law_n day_n be_v all_o one_o and_o betoken_v word_n for_o word_n legittimum_fw-la or_o iuridicum_fw-la diem_fw-la law_n the_o old_a saxon_n call_v lant_n or_o lag_v and_o so_o by_o corruption_n and_o change_v of_o language_n from_o lant_n to_o leete_n understand_v day_n they_o which_o keep_v our_o full_a english_a term_n call_v it_o yet_o law_n day_n of_o the_o proceed_n of_o cause_n criminal_a and_o first_o of_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n chap._n 19_o before_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v in_o cause_n criminal_a can_v be_v well_o understand_v it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o speak_v of_o three_o person_n the_o justice_n of_o peace_n the_o coroner_n and_o the_o constable_n the_o justice_n of_o peace_n be_v man_n elect_v out_o of_o the_o nobility_n high_a and_o low_o that_o be_v the_o duke_n marquess_n baron_n knight_n esquier_n and_o gentleman_n and_o of_o such_o as_o be_v learn_v in_o the_o law_n such_o and_o in_o such_o number_n as_o the_o prince_n shall_v think_v meet_a and_o in_o who_o for_o wisdom_n and_o discretion_n he_o put_v his_o trust_n inhabitant_n within_o the_o county_n save_v that_o some_o of_o the_o high_a nobility_n and_o chief_a magistrate_n for_o honour_n sake_n be_v put_v in_o all_o or_o in_o the_o most_o of_o the_o commission_n of_o all_o the_o shire_n of_o england_n these_o have_v no_o time_n of_o their_o rule_n limit_v but_o by_o commission_n from_o the_o prince_n alterable_a at_o pleasure_n at_o the_o first_o they_o be_v but_o iiij_o after_o viij_o now_o they_o come_v common_o to_o thirty_o or_o xl_o in_o every_o shire_n either_o by_o increase_n of_o riches_n learning_n or_o activity_n in_o policy_n and_o government_n so_o many_o more_o be_v find_v which_o have_v either_o will_n or_o power_n or_o both_o be_v not_o too_o many_a to_o handle_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n in_o this_o behalf_n of_o these_o in_o the_o same_o commission_n be_v certain_a name_v which_o be_v call_v of_o the_o quorum_fw-la in_o who_o be_v especial_a trust_n repose_v that_o where_o the_o commission_n be_v give_v to_o xl_o or_o thirty_o and_o so_o at_o the_o last_o it_o come_v to_o iiij_o or_o three_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o performance_n of_o many_o affair_n to_o have_v likewise_o diverse_a of_o the_o quorum_fw-la the_o word_n of_o the_o commission_n be_v such_o quorum_fw-la vos_fw-la a_o b._n c_o d._n e_o f._n unum_fw-la esse_fw-la volumus_fw-la the_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n be_v those_o in_o who_o at_o this_o time_n for_o the_o repress_v of_o robber_n thief_n and_o vagabund_n of_o privy_a complot_n and_o conspiracy_n of_o riote_n and_o violence_n and_o all_o other_o misdemeanour_n in_o the_o common_a wealth_n the_o prince_n put_v his_o special_a trust_n each_o of_o they_o have_v authority_n upon_o complaint_n to_o he_o make_v of_o any_o theft_n robbery_n manslaughter_n murder_n violence_n complote_v riotte_n unlawefull_a game_n or_o any_o such_o disturbance_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o quiet_a of_o the_o realm_n to_o commit_v the_o person_n who_o he_o suppose_v offender_n to_o the_o prison_n and_o to_o charge_v the_o constable_n or_o sheriff_n to_o bring_v they_o thither_o the_o gaoler_n to_o receive_v they_o and_o keep_v they_o till_o he_o and_o his_o fellow_n do_v meet_v a_o few_o line_n sign_v with_o his_o hand_n be_v enough_o for_o that_o purpose_n these_o do_v meet_v four_o time_n in_o the_o year_n that_o be_v in_o each_o quarter_n once_o to_o inquire_v of_o all_o the_o misdemeanour_n aforesaid_a at_o which_o day_n the_o sheriff_n or_o his_o undersherife_n with_o his_o bailiff_n be_v there_o to_o attend_v upon_o he_o who_o must_v prepare_v against_o that_o time_n four_o enqueste_n of_o twenty-four_o yeoman_n a_o piece_n of_o diverse_a hundredes_o in_o the_o shire_n enquest_n and_o beside_o one_o which_o be_v call_v the_o great_a enquest_n out_o of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o shire_n mingle_v with_o all_o these_o five_o inquest_n be_v swear_v before_o they_o to_o inquire_v of_o all_o heretic_n traitor_n theft_n murder_n manslaughter_n rape_n false_a monier_n extortioner_n riotte_n rout_n forcible_a entry_n unlawefull_a game_n and_o all_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o peace_n and_o good_a order_n of_o the_o realm_n &_o to_o bring_v in_o their_o verdict_n if_o they_o among_o themselves_o upon_o their_o own_o knowledge_n do_v find_v any_o culpable_a they_o cause_v one_o of_o the_o clerk_n to_o make_v the_o bill_n and_o if_o any_o be_v there_o to_o complain_v upon_o any_o
man_n for_o these_o fault_n he_o put_v in_o his_o bill_n which_o bill_n be_v present_v first_o to_o the_o justice_n sit_v upon_o the_o bench_n to_o see_v if_o it_o be_v conceive_v in_o form_n of_o law_n which_o do_v the_o complainant_n do_v deliver_v it_o to_o one_o of_o these_o inquest_n &_o after_o the_o complainant_n be_v swear_v he_o declare_v to_o they_o what_o he_o can_v for_o y_z e_z proof_n of_o it_o and_o if_o they_o find_v it_o true_a they_o do_v nothing_o but_o write_v on_o the_o backside_n of_o it_o billa_fw-la vera_fw-la as_o you_o will_v say_v scriptum_fw-la verum_fw-la or_o accusatio_fw-la iusta_fw-la or_o reus_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la accusatur_fw-la then_o he_o who_o be_v there_o name_v be_v call_v indict_v if_o they_o do_v not_o find_v it_o true_a they_o write_v on_o the_o backside_n ignoramus_fw-la &_o so_o deliver_v it_o to_o the_o justice_n of_o who_o it_o be_v rend_v into_o piece_n immediate_o he_o that_o be_v indict_v be_v account_v a_o lawful_a prisoner_n and_o after_o that_o time_n look_v more_o streit_o unto_o for_o this_o indictment_n be_v no_o conviction_n and_o if_o he_o be_v indict_v and_o be_v not_o already_o in_o prison_n the_o sheriff_n if_o he_o can_v find_v he_o bring_v he_o into_o prison_n if_o he_o can_v find_v he_o process_n be_v make_v out_o against_o he_o to_o render_v himself_o prisoner_n or_o else_o he_o be_v outlaw_v otherwise_o so_o he_o be_v call_v three_o time_n in_o diverse_a county_n day_n to_o render_v himself_o to_o the_o law_n the_o four_o be_v call_v the_o exigent_n by_o which_o he_o be_v outlaw_v not_o render_v himself_o as_o you_o will_v say_v exactus_fw-la or_o actus_fw-la in_o exilium_fw-la the_o outlaw_n lose_v all_o his_o good_n to_o the_o king_n for_o his_o disobedience_n but_o if_o after_o he_o will_v render_v himself_o to_o answer_v to_o the_o law_n and_o show_v some_o reasonable_a cause_n of_o his_o absence_n many_o time_n of_o grace_n his_o outlawerie_n be_v pardon_v these_o méetinge_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n four_o time_n in_o the_o year_n fine_n be_v call_v quarter_n session_n or_o session_n of_o enquiry_n because_o that_o nothing_o be_v there_o determine_v touch_v the_o malefactor_n but_o only_o the_o custody_n of_o they_o and_o this_o kind_n of_o proceed_v which_o be_v by_o inquisition_n of_o the_o xij_o man_n within_o themselves_o and_o their_o own_o conscience_n or_o by_o denunciation_n of_o he_o that_o put_v in_o his_o bill_n to_o the_o twelve_o be_v call_v at_o the_o king_n suit_n and_o the_o king_n be_v reckon_v the_o one_o party_n and_o the_o prisoner_n the_o other_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n do_v meet_v also_o at_o other_o time_n by_o commandment_n of_o the_o prince_n upon_o suspicion_n of_o war_n to_o take_v order_n for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o shire_n sometime_o to_o take_v muster_n of_o harness_n and_o able_a man_n and_o sometime_o to_o take_v order_n for_o the_o excessive_a wage_n of_o servant_n and_o labourer_n for_o excess_n of_o apparel_n for_o unlawefull_a game_n for_o conventicle_n and_o evil_a order_n in_o alehouse_n and_o tavern_n for_o punishment_n of_o idle_a and_o vagabund_a person_n and_o general_o as_o i_o have_v say_v for_o the_o good_a government_n of_o the_o shire_n the_o prince_n put_v his_o confidence_n in_o they_o and_o common_o every_o year_n or_o each_o second_o year_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o summer_n or_o afterwards_o for_o in_o the_o warm_a time_n the_o people_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v more_o unrulie_a even_o in_o the_o calm_a time_n of_o peace_n the_o prince_n with_o his_o counsel_n choose_v out_o certain_a article_n out_o of_o penal_a law_n already_o make_v for_o to_o repress_v the_o pride_n and_o evil_a rule_n of_o the_o popular_a and_o send_v they_o down_o to_o the_o justice_n will_v they_o to_o look_v upon_o those_o point_n and_o after_o they_o have_v meet_v together_o and_o consult_v among_o themselves_o how_o to_o order_v that_o matter_n most_o wise_o and_o circumspect_o whereby_o the_o people_n may_v be_v keep_v in_o good_a order_n and_o obedience_n after_o the_o law_n they_o divide_v themselves_o by_o three_o or_o four_o and_o so_o each_o in_o his_o quarter_n take_v order_n for_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o say_a article_n and_o then_o within_o certain_a space_n they_o meet_v again_o and_o certify_v the_o prince_n or_o his_o privy_a counsel_n how_o they_o do_v find_v the_o shire_n in_o rule_n &_o order_n touch_v those_o point_n and_o all_o other_o disorder_n there_o be_v never_o in_o any_o commonwealth_n divise_v a_o more_o wise_a a_o more_o dulce_fw-la and_o gentle_a nor_o a_o more_o certain_a way_n to_o rule_v the_o people_n whereby_o they_o be_v keep_v always_o as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o bridle_n of_o good_a order_n &_o soon_o look_v unto_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o offend_v than_o punish_v when_o they_o have_v offend_v for_o see_v the_o chief_a among_o they_o their_o ruler_n to_o have_v this_o special_a charge_n and_o do_v call_v upon_o it_o and_o if_o occasion_n so_o do_v present_a one_o or_o two_o present_o either_o punish_v or_o send_v to_o prison_n for_o disobedience_n to_o those_o old_a order_n &_o law_n they_o take_v a_o fear_n within_o themselves_o they_o amend_v and_o do_v promise_v more_o amendment_n so_o that_o it_o be_v as_o a_o new_a forbush_n of_o the_o good_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o a_o continual_a repress_v of_o disorder_n which_o do_v natural_o rest_v among_o man_n but_o as_o the_o invention_n of_o this_o and_o the_o use_n and_o execution_n thereof_o be_v the_o most_o benefitte_n that_o can_v be_v devise_v for_o the_o common_a wealth_n of_o england_n so_o when_o it_o be_v misuse_v dissemble_v with_o or_o be_v contemn_v &_o be_v do_v pro_fw-la forma_fw-la tantum_fw-la and_o as_o they_o term_v it_o in_o france_n par_fw-fr mainere_fw-la d'_fw-fr acquit_v only_a it_o will_v be_v the_o present_a ruin_n though_o not_o at_o the_o first_o apperceive_v of_o the_o common_a wealth_n of_o which_o the_o fault_n may_v be_v as_o well_o in_o the_o commander_n for_o not_o make_v good_a choice_n what_o and_o how_o they_o command_v as_o in_o the_o command_v for_o not_o execute_v that_o which_o be_v command_v of_o hue_n and_o cry_n and_o recognisaunce_n take_v upon_o they_o that_o may_v give_v evidence_n chap._n 20._o by_o the_o old_a law_n of_o england_n if_o any_o theft_n or_o robbery_n be_v do_v if_o he_o that_o be_v rob_v or_o he_o that_o see_v or_o perceive_v that_o any_o man_n be_v rob_v do_v levy_v hue_n &_o cry_n that_o be_v to_o say_v do_v call_v and_o cry_v for_o aid_n and_o say_v that_o a_o theft_n or_o robbery_n be_v do_v contrary_a to_o the_o prince_n peace_n and_o assurance_n the_o constable_n of_o the_o village_n to_o who_o he_o do_v come_v and_o so_o make_v that_o cry_n aught_o to_o raise_v the_o parish_n to_o aid_v he_o and_o seek_v the_o thief_n and_o if_o the_o thief_n be_v not_o find_v in_o that_o parish_n to_o go_v to_o the_o next_o and_o raise_v that_o constable_n and_o so_o still_o by_o the_o constable_n and_o they_o of_o the_o parish_n one_o after_o a_o other_o this_o hue_n and_o cry_n from_o parish_n to_o parish_n be_v carry_v till_o the_o thief_n or_o robber_n be_v find_v that_o parish_n which_o do_v not_o his_o duty_n but_o let_v by_o their_o negligence_n the_o thief_n to_o depart_v do_v not_o only_o pay_v a_o fine_a to_o the_o king_n but_o must_v repay_v to_o the_o party_n rob_v his_o damage_n so_o that_o every_o english_a man_n be_v a_o sergeant_n to_o take_v the_o thief_n and_o who_o show_v himself_o negligent_a therein_o do_v not_o only_o incur_v evil_a opinion_n therefore_o but_o hardly_o shall_v escape_v punishment_n what_o be_v do_v with_o the_o thief_n or_o robber_n when_o he_o be_v take_v i_o shall_v show_v you_o hereafter_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v follow_v if_o any_o man_n be_v slay_v for_o straight_o the_o murderer_n be_v pursue_v of_o every_o man_n till_o he_o be_v take_v so_o soon_o as_o any_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n by_o this_o hue_n or_o cry_n by_o the_o constable_n or_o any_o other_o who_o do_v pursue_v the_o malefactor_n he_o do_v examine_v the_o malefactor_n and_o write_v the_o examination_n and_o his_o confession_n then_o he_o do_v bind_v the_o party_n that_o be_v rob_v or_o he_o that_o sue_v and_o the_o constable_n and_o so_o many_o as_o can_v give_v evidence_n against_o the_o malefactor_n to_o be_v at_o the_o next_o session_n of_o gaol_n delivery_n to_o give_v their_o evidence_n for_o the_o queen_n he_o bind_v they_o in_o recognizance_n of_o xl_o xxl._n xxxl_o xll._n or_o c._n l._n according_a to_o his_o discretion_n and_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o crime_n which_o certify_v under_o his_o hand_n be_v levy_v upon_o the_o recognizance_n if_o
staff_n and_o abdicate_v his_o office_n in_o the_o rest_n there_o be_v no_o difference_n from_o that_o above_o write_v the_o third_o book_n of_o that_o which_o in_o other_o country_n be_v call_v appellation_n or_o provocation_n to_o amend_v the_o judgement_n or_o sentence_n definitive_a which_o be_v think_v unjust_o give_v in_o cause_n criminal_a chap._n 1._o if_o the_o enquest_n of_o xij_o man_n do_v seem_v to_o the_o judge_n &_o the_o justice_n to_o have_v go_v too_o violent_o against_o the_o evidence_n give_v in_o matter_n criminal_a either_o it_o be_v that_o upon_o slender_a evidence_n they_o have_v pronounce_v he_o guilty_a who_o the_o judge_n &_o most_o part_n of_o the_o justice_n think_v by_o the_o evidence_n not_o full_o prove_v guilty_a or_o for_o some_o other_o cause_n do_v think_v the_o person_n rather_o worthy_a to_o live_v than_o to_o die_v the_o enquest_n be_v nevertheless_o dimiss_v but_o when_o the_o judge_n shall_v pronounce_v the_o sentence_n of_o death_n upon_o the_o person_n find_v guilty_a he_o will_v differ_v it_o which_o be_v call_v to_o reprieve_v the_o prisoner_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o send_v he_o again_o to_o prison_n and_o so_o declare_v the_o matter_n to_o the_o prince_n and_o obtain_v after_o a_o time_n for_o the_o prisoner_n his_o pardon_n and_o as_o for_o provocation_n or_o appeal_v which_o be_v use_v so_o much_o in_o other_o country_n it_o have_v no_o place_n in_o england_n after_o sentence_n give_v by_o the_o twelve_o whereby_o the_o person_n be_v find_v guilty_a or_o not_o guilty_a but_o without_o that_o reprive_v the_o sentence_n be_v straight_o put_v in_o execution_n by_o the_o sheriff_n and_o if_o they_o either_o escape_n or_o die_v a_o other_o death_n the_o sheriff_n escape_v not_o to_o pay_v a_o great_a fine_a and_o ransom_n at_o the_o prince_n mercy_n if_o have_v pregnant_a evidence_n nevertheless_o the_o twelve_o do_v acquit_v the_o malefactor_n which_o they_o will_v do_v sometime_o and_o especial_o if_o they_o perceive_v either_o one_o of_o the_o justice_n or_o of_o the_o judge_n or_o some_o other_o man_n to_o pursue_v too_o much_o and_o too_o malicious_o the_o death_n of_o the_o prisoner_n and_o do_v suspect_v some_o subornation_n of_o the_o witness_n or_o they_o which_o do_v give_v evidence_n and_o sometime_o if_o they_o perceive_v the_o judge_n will_v have_v the_o prisoner_n escape_v and_o in_o repeat_v the_o evidence_n do_v give_v they_o thereof_o some_o watchworde_n but_o if_o they_o do_v as_o i_o have_v say_v pronounce_v not_o guilty_a upon_o the_o prisoner_n against_o who_o manifest_a witness_n be_v bring_v in_o the_o prisoner_n escape_v but_o the_o twelve_o not_o only_o be_v rebuke_v by_o the_o judge_n but_o also_o threaten_v of_o punishment_n and_o many_o time_n command_v to_o appear_v in_o the_o starrechamber_n or_o before_o the_o privy_a counsel_n for_o the_o matter_n but_o this_o threaten_n chance_v often_o than_o the_o execution_n thereof_o and_o the_o twelve_o answer_n with_o most_o gentle_a word_n they_o do_v it_o according_a to_o their_o conscience_n and_o pray_v the_o judge_n to_o be_v good_a unto_o they_o they_o do_v as_o they_o think_v right_a and_o as_o they_o accord_v all_o and_o so_o it_o pass_v away_o for_o the_o most_o part_n yet_o i_o have_v see_v in_o my_o time_n but_o not_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o queen_n now_o that_o a_o enquest_n for_o pronounce_v one_o not_o guilty_a of_o treason_n contrary_n to_o such_o evidence_n as_o be_v bring_v in_o be_v not_o only_o imprison_v for_o a_o space_n but_o a_o huge_a fine_a set_v upon_o their_o head_n which_o they_o be_v fain_o to_o pay_v a_o other_o enquest_n for_o acquit_v a_o other_o beside_o pay_v a_o fine_a of_o money_n put_v to_o open_a ignominy_n and_o shame_n but_o those_o do_n be_v even_o then_o of_o many_o account_v very_o violent_a tyrannical_a and_o contrary_a to_o the_o liberty_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n wherefore_o it_o come_v very_o seldom_o in_o use_n yet_o so_o much_o at_o a_o time_n the_o enquest_n may_v be_v corrupt_v that_o the_o prince_n may_v have_v cause_n with_o justice_n to_o punish_v they_o for_o they_o be_v man_n and_o subject_a to_o corruption_n and_o partiality_n as_o other_o be_v what_o remedy_n be_v if_o the_o sentence_n be_v think_v unjust_o give_v chap._n 2._o in_o cause_n civil_a there_o be_v another_o order_n for_o if_o after_o the_o matter_n be_v plead_v to_o the_o issue_n and_o the_o xij_o man_n thereupon_o empanel_v the_o evidence_n bring_v and_o plead_v before_o they_o on_o both_o the_o party_n the_o xij_o seem_v to_o be_v partial_a and_o to_o have_v give_v sentence_n contrary_a to_o the_o evidence_n show_v unto_o they_o the_o party_n grieve_v may_v bring_v against_o they_o and_o the_o party_n for_o who_o the_o sentence_n be_v give_v a_o writ_n of_o attaint_n and_o where_o as_o before_o upon_o the_o first_o quest_n common_o they_o all_o be_v yeoman_n now_o upon_o this_o attaint_n must_v go_v twenty-four_o gentleman_n dwell_v within_o the_o shire_n and_o xij_o at_o the_o least_o of_o the_o hundred_o where_o the_o land_n lie_v the_o matter_n be_v plead_v again_o before_o the_o same_o judge_n the_o party_n defendant_n be_v not_o only_o now_o he_o who_o claim_v the_o land_n but_o also_o all_o and_o every_o of_o the_o yeoman_n who_o by_o their_o verdict_n do_v give_v it_o he_o there_o must_v in_o the_o attaint_n no_o more_o evidence_n be_v bring_v in_o may_v but_o only_o that_o which_o be_v bring_v in_o and_o allege_v before_o the_o first_o enquest_n and_o if_o this_o second_o enquest_n of_o twenty-four_o gentleman_n do_v adjudge_v as_o the_o first_o do_v the_o plaintiff_n shall_v not_o only_o lose_v the_o land_n but_o also_o pay_v a_o fine_a to_o the_o prince_n and_o damage_n to_o the_o party_n if_o this_o second_o enquest_n do_v find_v that_o the_o first_o enquest_n have_v go_v parcial_o and_o against_o the_o evidence_n bring_v in_o before_o they_o the_o first_o enquest_n be_v call_v attaint_v and_o account_v as_o perjure_a and_o infamed_a the_o prince_n have_v before_o the_o waste_n of_o all_o their_o land_n and_o possession_n with_o other_o punishment_n plaintiff_n which_o at_o this_o present_a by_o a_o law_n make_v by_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o be_v abolish_v and_o now_o by_o that_o law_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n beside_o other_o punishment_n each_o of_o the_o quest_n attaint_v pay_v unto_o the_o prince_n and_o party_n v._o li._n if_o it_o be_v under_o forty_o pound_n and_o if_o above_o then_o xx_o li._n attaint_v be_v very_o seldom_o put_v in_o use_n partly_o because_o the_o gentleman_n will_v not_o meet_v to_o slander_v and_o deface_v the_o honest_a yeoman_n their_o neighbour_n so_o that_o of_o a_o long_a time_n they_o have_v rather_o pay_v a_o mean_a fine_a than_o to_o appear_v and_o make_v the_o enquest_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n they_o will_v entreat_v so_o much_o as_o in_o they_o lie_v the_o party_n to_o come_v to_o some_o composition_n and_o agreement_n among_o themselves_o as_o light_o they_o do_v except_o either_o the_o corruption_n of_o the_o enquest_n be_v too_o evident_a or_o the_o one_o party_n be_v too_o obstinate_a and_o headstrong_a and_o if_o the_o gentleman_n do_v appear_v gladly_o they_o will_v confirm_v the_o first_o sentence_n for_o the_o cause_n which_o i_o have_v say_v than_o go_v against_o it_o but_o if_o the_o corruption_n be_v too_o much_o evident_a they_o will_v not_o stick_v to_o attaint_v the_o first_o enquest_n yet_o after_o the_o gentleman_n have_v attaint_v the_o yeoman_n if_o before_o the_o sentence_n be_v give_v by_o the_o judge_n which_o ordinary_o for_o a_o time_n be_v differ_v the_o party_n be_v agree_v or_o one_o of_o they_o be_v dead_a the_o attaint_n cease_v if_o at_o any_o time_n before_o the_o sentence_n be_v give_v or_o put_v in_o execution_n there_o be_v find_v some_o such_o error_n in_o the_o writ_n in_o the_o process_n or_o form_n as_o our_o lawyer_n be_v very_o precise_a and_o curious_a of_o their_o form_n that_o it_o may_v be_v revocable_a it_o be_v bring_v afresh_o to_o the_o disputation_n by_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n and_o all_o that_o be_v do_v reverse_a but_o that_o be_v common_a to_o all_o other_o country_n where_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v use_v which_o they_o call_v de_fw-fr nullitate_fw-la processus_fw-la and_o serve_v both_o in_o england_n and_o in_o other_o place_n aswell_o in_o cause_n criminal_a as_o civil_a other_o kind_n of_o appellation_n to_o revoke_v process_n and_o to_o make_v they_o of_o short_a long_o of_o long_a infinite_a which_o be_v use_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n we_o have_v not_o in_o our_o common_a law_n of_o england_n by_o supplication_n to_o the_o prince_n and_o complaint_n to_o the_o chancellor_n upon_o supposal_n of_o loss_n or_o lack_n of_o
two_o diverse_a guard_n many_o man_n do_v esteem_v this_o wardship_n by_o knight_n service_n very_o unreasonable_a and_o unjust_a and_o contrary_a to_o nature_n that_o a_o freeman_n and_o gentleman_n shall_v be_v buy_v and_o sell_v like_o a_o horse_n or_o a_o ox_n and_o so_o change_v guardian_n as_o master_n and_o lord_n at_o who_o government_n not_o only_o his_o body_n but_o his_o land_n and_o his_o house_n shall_v be_v to_o be_v waste_v and_o spend_v without_o account_n and_o then_o to_o marry_v at_o the_o will_n of_o he_o who_o be_v his_o natural_a lord_n or_o his_o will_n who_o have_v buy_v he_o to_o such_o as_o he_o like_v not_o peradventure_o or_o else_o to_o pay_v so_o great_a a_o ransom_n this_o be_v the_o occasion_n they_o say_v why_o many_o gentleman_n be_v so_o evil_a bring_v up_o touch_v virtue_n and_o learning_n and_o but_o only_o in_o deintinesse_n and_o pleasure_n and_o why_o they_o be_v marry_v very_o young_a and_o before_o they_o be_v wife_n and_o many_o time_n do_v not_o great_o love_v their_o wife_n for_o when_o the_o father_n be_v dead_a who_o have_v the_o natural_a care_n of_o his_o child_n not_o the_o mother_n nor_o the_o uncle_n nor_o the_o next_o of_o kin_n who_o by_o all_o reason_n will_v have_v most_o natural_a care_n to_o the_o bring_v up_o of_o the_o infant_n and_o minor_a but_o the_o lord_n of_o who_o he_o hold_v his_o land_n in_o knight_n service_n be_v it_o the_o king_n or_o queen_n duke_n marquesse_n or_o any_o other_o have_v the_o government_n of_o his_o body_n and_o marriage_n or_o else_o who_o that_o buy_v he_o at_o the_o first_o second_o or_o third_o hand_n the_o prince_n as_o have_v so_o many_o must_v needs_o give_v or_o sell_v his_o ward_n away_o to_o other_o and_o so_o he_o do_v other_o do_v but_o seek_v which_o way_n they_o may_v make_v most_o advantage_n of_o he_o as_o of_o a_o ox_n or_o other_o beast_n these_o all_o say_v they_o have_v no_o natural_a care_n of_o the_o infant_n but_o of_o their_o own_o gain_n and_o especial_o the_o buyer_n will_v not_o suffer_v his_o ward_n to_o take_v any_o great_a pain_n either_o in_o study_n or_o any_o other_o hardness_n lest_o he_o shall_v be_v sick_a and_o die_v before_o he_o have_v marry_v his_o daughter_n sister_n or_o cousin_n for_o who_o sake_n he_o buy_v he_o and_o then_o all_o his_o money_n which_o he_o pay_v for_o he_o shall_v be_v lose_v so_o he_o who_o have_v a_o father_n which_o keep_v a_o good_a house_n not_o and_o have_v all_o thing_n in_o order_n to_o maintain_v it_o shall_v come_v to_o his_o own_o after_o he_o be_v out_o of_o wardship_n wood_n decay_v house_n fall_v down_o stock_n waste_v and_o go_v land_n let_v forth_o and_o plough_v to_o the_o baren_a and_o to_o make_v amends_n shall_v pay_v yet_o one_o year_n rend_v for_o relief_n and_o sue_v ouster_n le_fw-fr maind_a beside_o other_o charge_n so_o that_o not_o of_o many_o year_n and_o peradventure_o never_o he_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o recover_v and_o come_v to_o the_o estate_n where_o his_o father_n leave_v it_o this_o as_o it_o be_v think_v be_v first_o grant_v upon_o a_o great_a extremity_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o 3._o for_o a_o time_n upon_o the_o war_n which_o he_o have_v with_o his_o baron_n and_o afterward_o increase_v and_o multiply_v to_o more_o and_o more_o person_n and_o grievance_n and_o will_v be_v the_o decay_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o liberty_n of_o england_n other_o again_o say_v the_o ward_n have_v no_o wrong_n for_o either_o his_o father_n purchase_v the_o land_n or_o it_o do_v descend_v unto_o he_o from_o his_o ancestor_n with_o this_o charge_n and_o because_o he_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n which_o be_v in_o arm_n and_o defence_n see_v that_o by_o age_n he_o can_v do_v that_o whereto_o he_o be_v bind_v by_o his_o land_n it_o be_v reason_n he_o answer_v that_o profit_n to_o the_o lord_n whereby_o he_o may_v have_v as_o able_a a_o man_n to_o do_v the_o service_n the_o first_o knight_n in_o rome_n those_o that_o be_v choose_v equites_fw-la romani_fw-la have_v equum_fw-la publicum_fw-la on_o which_o they_o serve_v and_o that_o be_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o widow_n and_o ward_n as_o appear_v by_o titus_n livius_n because_o that_o those_o person_n can_v not_o do_v bodily_a service_n to_o the_o common_a wealth_n wherefore_o this_o be_v no_o new_a thing_n but_o think_v reasonable_a in_o that_o most_o wise_a common_a wealth_n and_o to_o the_o prudent_a king_n servius_n tullius_n as_o for_o the_o education_n of_o our_o common_a wealth_n it_o be_v at_o the_o first_o militaire_n and_o almost_o in_o all_o thing_n the_o scope_n and_o design_n thereof_o be_v militaire_n yet_o be_v it_o think_v most_o like_a that_o noble_a man_n good_a knight_n and_o great_a captain_n will_v bring_v up_o their_o ward_n in_o their_o own_o feat_n and_o virtue_n and_o then_o marry_v they_o into_o like_a race_n and_o stock_n where_o they_o may_v find_v and_o make_v friend_n who_o can_v better_v look_n to_o the_o education_n or_o better_a skill_n of_o of_o the_o bring_n up_o of_o a_o gentleman_n than_o he_o who_o for_o his_o high_a nobility_n have_v such_o a_o one_o to_o hold_v of_o he_o by_o knight_n service_n or_o will_v do_v it_o better_o than_o he_o that_o look_v or_o may_v claim_v such_o service_n of_o his_o ward_n when_o age_n and_o year_n will_v make_v he_o able_a to_o do_v it_o that_o which_o be_v say_v that_o this_o manner_n of_o wardship_n begin_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o 3._o can_v seem_v true_a for_o in_o normandy_n and_o other_o place_n of_o france_n the_o same_o order_n be_v and_o that_o statute_n make_v in_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o time_n touch_v ward_n to_o he_o that_o will_v weigh_v it_o well_o may_v seem_v rather_o a_o qualification_n of_o that_o matter_n and_o a_o argument_n that_o the_o fashion_n of_o wardship_n be_v long_o before_o but_o of_o this_o matter_n a_o other_o time_n shall_v be_v more_o convenient_a to_o dispute_v this_o may_v suffice_v to_o declare_v the_o manner_n of_o it_o of_o wife_n and_o marriage_n chap._n 6._o the_o wife_n in_o england_n be_v as_o i_o say_v in_o potestate_fw-la maritorum_fw-la not_o that_o the_o husband_n have_v aquavitae_fw-la ac_fw-la necis_fw-la potestatem_fw-la as_o the_o roman_n have_v in_o the_o old_a time_n of_o their_o child_n for_o that_o be_v only_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o law_n as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o but_o that_o whatsoever_o they_o have_v before_o marriage_n as_o soon_o as_o marriage_n be_v solemnish_v be_v their_o husband_n i_o mean_v of_o money_n plate_n ivelle_n cat-tail_n and_o general_o all_o moveable_n for_o as_o for_o land_n and_o heritage_n follow_v the_o succession_n and_o be_v order_v by_o the_o law_n as_o i_o shall_v say_v hereafter_o and_o what_o soever_o they_o get_v after_o marriage_n they_o get_v to_o their_o husband_n they_o neither_o can_v give_v nor_o sell_v any_o thing_n either_o of_o their_o husband_n or_o their_o own_o they_o no_o movable_a thing_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n constanti_fw-la matrimonio_fw-la but_o as_o peculium_fw-la serui_fw-la aut_fw-la filijfamilias_fw-la and_o yet_o in_o moveable_n at_o the_o death_n of_o her_o husband_n she_o can_v claim_v nothing_o but_o according_a as_o he_o shall_v will_v by_o his_o testament_n no_o more_o than_o his_o son_n can_v all_o the_o rest_n be_v in_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o executor_n if_o he_o die_v testate_a yet_o in_o london_n and_o other_o great_a city_n they_o have_v that_o law_n and_o custom_n that_o when_o a_o man_n die_v his_o good_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n one_o third_o be_v employ_v upon_o the_o burial_n and_o the_o bequeste_n which_o the_o testator_n make_v in_o his_o testament_n an_o other_o third_o part_n the_o wife_n have_v as_o her_o right_n and_o the_o third_o three_o part_n be_v the_o dew_n and_o right_n of_o his_o child_n equal_o to_o be_v divide_v among_o they_o so_o that_o a_o man_n there_o can_v make_v testament_n but_o of_o one_o third_o of_o his_o good_n if_o he_o die_v interstate_n the_o funeral_n deduct_v the_o good_n be_v equal_o divide_v between_o the_o wife_n and_o the_o child_n by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n if_o a_o man_n die_v intestate_a the_o ordinary_a which_o be_v the_o bishop_n by_o common_a intendment_n sometime_o the_o archdeacon_n dean_n or_o prebendarie_n by_o previledge_n and_o prescription_n do_v commit_v the_o administration_n of_o the_o good_n to_o the_o widow_n or_o the_o child_n or_o next_o kinsman_n of_o the_o dead_a appoint_v out_o portion_n to_o such_o as_o natural_o it_o belong_v unto_o and_o the_o ordinary_a by_o common_a understanding_n have_v such_o gravity_n and_o discretion_n as_o be_v meet_a for_o so_o absolute_a a_o authority_n
for_o the_o most_o part_n follow_v such_o division_n as_o be_v use_v in_o london_n either_o by_o thirdes_o or_o half_n our_o forefather_n new_o convert_v to_o the_o christian_a faith_n have_v such_o confidence_n in_o their_o pastor_n &_o instructour_n and_o take_v they_o to_o be_v man_n of_o such_o conscience_n that_o they_o commit_v that_o matter_n to_o their_o discretion_n and_o belike_o at_o the_o first_o they_o be_v such_o as_o will_v seek_v no_o private_a profit_n to_o themselves_o thereby_o that_o be_v once_o so_o ordain_v have_v still_o so_o continue_v the_o abuse_n which_o have_v follow_v be_v in_o part_n redress_v by_o certain_a act_n of_o parliament_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o touch_v the_o probate_n of_o testament_n commit_v of_o administration_n &_o mortuary_n but_o to_o turn_v to_o the_o matter_n which_o we_o now_o have_v in_o hand_n the_o wife_n be_v so_o much_o in_o the_o power_n of_o her_o husband_n that_o not_o only_o her_o good_n by_o marriage_n be_v straight_o make_v her_o husband_n and_o she_o lose_v all_o her_o administration_n which_o she_o have_v of_o they_o but_o also_o where_o all_o english_a man_n have_v name_n and_o surname_n as_o the_o roman_n have_v marcus_n tullius_n caius_n pompeius_n caius_n julius_n whereof_o the_o name_n be_v give_v to_o we_o at_o the_o font_n the_o surname_n be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o gentility_n and_o stock_n which_o the_o son_n do_v take_v of_o the_o father_n always_o as_o the_o old_a roman_n do_v our_o daughter_n so_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v marry_v loose_a the_o surname_n of_o their_o father_n and_o of_o the_o family_n and_o stock_n whereof_o they_o do_v come_v and_o take_v the_o surname_n of_o their_o husband_n as_o transplant_v from_o their_o family_n into_o a_o other_o so_o that_o if_o my_o wife_n be_v call_v before_o philippe_n wilford_n by_o her_o own_o name_n and_o her_o father_n surname_n as_o soon_o as_o she_o be_v marry_v to_o i_o she_o be_v no_o more_o call_v philippe_n wylford_n but_o philippe_n smith_n and_o so_o must_v she_o write_v and_o sign_n and_o as_o she_o change_v husband_n so_o she_o change_v surname_n call_v always_o by_o the_o surname_n of_o her_o last_o husband_n yet_o if_o a_o woman_n once_o marry_v a_o lord_n or_o a_o knight_n by_o which_o occasion_n she_o be_v call_v my_o lady_n with_o the_o surname_n of_o her_o husband_n courtesy_n if_o he_o die_v and_o she_o take_v a_o husband_n of_o a_o mean_a estate_n by_o who_o she_o shall_v not_o be_v call_v lady_n such_o be_v the_o honour_n we_o do_v give_v to_o woman_n she_o shall_v still_o be_v call_v lady_n with_o the_o surname_n of_o her_o first_o husband_n and_o not_o of_o the_o second_o i_o think_v among_o the_o old_a roman_n those_o marriage_n which_o be_v make_v per_fw-la coemptionem_fw-la in_o manum_fw-la and_o per_fw-la aes_fw-la and_o libram_fw-la make_v the_o wife_n in_o manu_fw-la &_o potestate_fw-la viri_fw-la whereof_o also_o we_o have_v in_o our_o old_a law_n and_o ceremony_n of_o marriage_n a_o certain_a memory_n as_o a_o view_n and_o vestigium_fw-la for_o the_o woman_n at_o the_o church_n door_n be_v give_v of_o the_o father_n or_o some_o other_o man_n next_o of_o her_o kin_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o husband_n and_o he_o lay_v down_o gold_n and_o silver_n for_o she_o upon_o the_o book_n as_o though_o he_o do_v buy_v she_o the_o priest_n belike_o be_v in_o steed_n of_o lipripeus_fw-la our_o marriage_n be_v esteem_v perfect_a by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n when_o they_o be_v solemnish_v in_o the_o church_n or_o chapel_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o priest_n and_o other_o witness_n and_o this_o only_o make_v both_o the_o husband_n and_o the_o wife_n capable_a of_o all_o the_o benefit_n which_o our_o law_n both_o give_v unto_o they_o and_o their_o lawful_a child_n in_o so_o much_o that_o if_o i_o marry_v the_o widow_n of_o one_o late_o dead_a which_o at_o the_o time_n of_o her_o husband_n death_n be_v with_o child_n if_o the_o child_n be_v bear_v after_o marriage_n solemnish_v with_o i_o this_o child_n be_v my_o heir_n and_o be_v account_v my_o lawful_a son_n not_o his_o who_o child_n it_o be_v in_o deed_n so_o precise_o we_o do_v take_v the_o letter_n where_o it_o be_v say_v pater_fw-la est_fw-la quem_fw-la nuptiae_fw-la demonstrant_fw-la those_o way_n and_o mean_n which_o justinian_n do_v declare_v to_o make_v bastard_n to_o be_v lawful_a child_n mulier_n or_o rather_o melieur_n for_o such_o a_o term_n our_o law_n use_v for_o they_o which_o be_v lawful_a child_n be_v of_o no_o effect_n in_o england_n neither_o the_o pope_n nor_o emperor_n nor_o the_o prince_n himself_o never_o can_v there_o legitimate_a a_o bastard_n to_o enjoy_v any_o benefitte_n of_o our_o law_n the_o parliament_n have_v only_o that_o power_n although_o the_o wife_n be_v as_o i_o have_v write_v before_o in_o manu_fw-la &_o potestate_fw-la mariti_fw-la by_o our_o law_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o keep_v so_o strait_o as_o in_o mew_o and_o with_o a_o guard_n as_o they_o be_v in_o italy_n and_o spain_n but_o have_v almost_o as_o much_o liberty_n as_o in_o france_n and_o they_o have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n all_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o house_n and_o houshoulde_n as_o it_o may_v appear_v by_o aristotle_n and_o plato_n the_o wife_n of_o the_o greek_n have_v in_o their_o time_n which_o be_v in_o deed_n the_o natural_a occupation_n exercise_n office_n and_o part_n of_o a_o wife_n the_o husband_n to_o meddle_v with_o the_o defence_n either_o by_o law_n or_o force_n and_o with_o all_o foreign_a matter_n which_o be_v the_o natural_a part_n and_o office_n of_o the_o man_n as_o i_o have_v write_v before_o and_o although_o our_o law_n may_v seem_v somewhat_o rigorous_a towards_o the_o wife_n yet_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o can_v handle_v their_o husband_n so_o well_o and_o so_o doulce_o and_o special_o when_o their_o husband_n be_v sick_a that_o where_o the_o law_n give_v they_o nothing_o their_o husband_n at_o their_o death_n of_o their_o good_a will_v give_v they_o all_o and_o few_o there_o be_v that_o be_v not_o make_v at_o the_o death_n of_o their_o be_v either_o sole_a or_o chief_a executrix_n of_o his_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n and_o have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o government_n of_o the_o child_n and_o their_o portion_n except_o it_o be_v in_o london_n where_o a_o peculiar_a order_n be_v take_v by_o the_o city_n much_o after_o the_o fashion_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n all_o this_o while_n i_o have_v speak_v only_o of_o movable_a good_n fine_a if_o the_o wife_n be_v a_o enheretrix_fw-la &_o bring_v land_n with_o she_o to_o the_o marriage_n that_o land_n descend_v to_o her_o elder_a son_n or_o be_v divide_v among_o her_o daughter_n also_o the_o manner_n be_v that_o the_o land_n which_o the_o wife_n bring_v to_o the_o marriage_n or_o purchase_v afterwards_o the_o husband_n can_v not_o sell_v nor_o alienate_v the_o same_o no_o not_o with_o here_o consent_n nor_o she_o herself_o during_o the_o marriage_n except_o that_o she_o be_v sole_a examine_v by_o a_o judge_n at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o if_o he_o have_v no_o child_n by_o she_o and_o she_o die_v the_o land_n go_v to_o her_o next_o heir_n at_o the_o common_a law_n but_o if_o in_o the_o marriage_n he_o have_v a_o child_n by_o she_o which_o be_v hear_v once_o to_o cry_v whether_o the_o child_n live_v or_o die_v the_o husband_n shall_v have_v the_o usufruite_n of_o her_o land_n that_o be_v the_o profit_n of_o they_o during_o his_o life_n and_o that_o be_v call_v the_o courtesy_n of_o england_n likewise_o if_o the_o husband_n have_v any_o land_n either_o by_o inheritance_n descend_v or_o purchase_v and_o buy_v if_o he_o die_v before_o the_o wife_n she_o shall_v have_v the_o usufruite_n of_o one_o third_o part_n of_o his_o land_n case_n that_o be_v she_o shall_v hold_v the_o one_o third_o part_n of_o his_o land_n during_o her_o life_n as_o her_o dowry_n whether_o he_o have_v child_n by_o she_o or_o no._n if_o he_o have_v any_o child_n the_o rest_n descend_v straight_o to_o the_o elder_a if_o he_o have_v none_o to_o the_o next_o heir_n at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o if_o she_o mislike_v the_o division_n she_o shall_v ask_v to_o be_v endow_v of_o the_o fair_a of_o his_o land_n to_o the_o third_o part_n this_o which_o i_o have_v write_v touch_v marriage_n and_o the_o right_n in_o moveable_n and_o unmovables_n which_o come_v thereby_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v by_o the_o common_a law_n when_o no_o private_a contract_n be_v more_o particular_o make_v if_o there_o be_v any_o private_a pact_n covenant_n and_o contract_v make_v before_o the_o marriage_n betwixt_o the_o husband_n and_o the_o wife_n by_o themselves_o by_o their_o parent_n or_o their_o friend_n
pay_v the_o rent_n accustom_v shall_v owe_v to_o the_o lord_n a_o certain_a faith_n duty_n trust_n obedience_n and_o as_o we_o term_v it_o certain_a service_n as_o libertus_fw-la or_o cliens_fw-la patrono_fw-la which_o because_o it_o do_v not_o consist_v in_o the_o person_n for_o the_o respect_n in_o they_o do_v not_o make_v they_o bond_n but_o in_o the_o land_n and_o occupation_n thereof_o it_o be_v more_o proper_o express_v in_o call_v the_o one_o tenant_n the_o other_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n than_o either_o libertus_fw-la or_o cliens_fw-la can_v do_v the_o one_o or_o patronus_fw-la the_o other_o for_o these_o word_n touch_v rather_o the_o person_n and_o the_o office_n and_o duty_n between_o they_o than_o the_o possession_n but_o in_o our_o case_n leave_v the_o possession_n and_o land_n all_o the_o obligation_n of_o servitude_n and_o service_n be_v go_v an_o other_o kind_n of_o servitude_n or_o bondage_n be_v use_v in_o england_n for_o the_o necessity_n thereof_o which_o be_v call_v apprenticehoode_n but_o this_o be_v only_o by_o covenaunt_n and_o for_o a_o time_n &_o during_o the_o time_n it_o be_v vera_fw-la seruitus_fw-la for_o whatsoever_o the_o apprentice_n get_v of_o his_o own_o labour_n or_o of_o his_o master_n occupation_n or_o stock_n he_o get_v to_o he_o who_o apprentice_n he_o be_v he_o must_v not_o lie_v forth_o of_o his_o master_n door_n he_o must_v not_o occupy_v any_o stock_n of_o his_o own_o nor_o marry_v without_o his_o master_n licence_n and_o he_o must_v do_v all_o servile_a office_n about_o the_o house_n and_o be_v obedient_a to_o all_o his_o master_n commandment_n and_o shall_v suffer_v such_o correction_n as_o his_o master_n shall_v think_v meet_a and_o be_v at_o his_o master_n clothing_n and_o nourish_a his_o master_n be_v bind_v only_o to_o this_o which_o i_o have_v say_v and_o to_o teach_v he_o his_o occupation_n and_o for_o that_o he_o serve_v some_o for_o seven_o or_o viij_o year_n some_o ix_o or_o x._o year_n as_o the_o master_n and_o the_o friend_n of_o the_o young_a man_n shall_v think_v meet_a or_o can_v agree_v altogether_o as_o polidore_n have_v note_v quasi_fw-la pro_fw-la emptitio_fw-la seruo_fw-la nevertheless_o that_o neither_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o name_n apprentice_n neither_o yet_o do_v the_o word_n betoken_v that_o which_o polydore_n suppose_v but_o it_o be_v a_o french_a word_n and_o betoken_v a_o learner_n or_o scholar_n apprendre_fw-fr in_o french_a be_v to_o learn_v and_o apprentice_n be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v in_o french_a of_o which_o tongue_n we_o borrow_v this_o word_n and_o many_o more_o other_o as_o discipulus_fw-la in_o latin_a likewise_o he_o to_o who_o he_o be_v bind_v be_v not_o call_v his_o lord_n but_o his_o master_n as_o you_o will_v say_v his_o teacher_n and_o the_o paction_n agree_v upon_o be_v put_v in_o writing_n sign_v and_o seal_v by_o the_o party_n and_o register_v for_o more_o assurance_n without_o be_v such_o a_o apprentice_n in_o london_n and_o serve_v out_o such_o 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possessor_n ab_fw-la intestato_fw-la for_o a_o debt_n which_o the_o dead_a ought_v i_o i_o must_v sue_v in_o the_o temporal_a court_n these_o two_o court_n the_o temporal_a and_o the_o spiritual_a be_v so_o divide_v that_o who_o so_o ever_o sue_v for_o any_o thing_n to_o rome_n or_o in_o any_o spiritual_a court_n for_o that_o cause_n or_o action_n which_o may_v be_v plead_v in_o the_o temporal_a court_n of_o the_o realm_n court_n by_o a_o old_a law_n of_o england_n he_o fall_v into_o a_o praemunire_n that_o be_v he_o forset_v all_o his_o good_n to_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o body_n to_o remain_v in_o prison_n during_o the_o prince_n pleasure_n and_o not_o that_o only_a but_o the_o judge_n the_o scribe_n the_o procurer_n and_o assessor_n which_o receive_v and_o do_v maintain_v that_o usurp_v plead_v do_v incur_v the_o same_o danger_n whether_o the_o word_n praemunire_n do_v betoken_v that_o the_o authority_n &_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v provide_v for_o before_o and_o 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and_o in_o the_o one_o &_o fiftéeth_n year_n of_o my_o age_n when_o i_o be_v ambassador_n for_o her_o majesty_n in_o the_o court_n of_o france_n the_o sceptre_n whereof_o at_o that_o time_n the_o noble_a prince_n and_o of_o great_a hope_n charles_n maximilian_n do_v hold_v have_v then_o reign_v iiij_o year_n so_o that_o whether_o i_o write_v true_a or_o not_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v see_v with_o eye_n as_o a_o man_n will_v say_v and_o feel_v with_o hand_n wherefore_o this_o be_v as_o a_o project_n or_o table_n of_o a_o common_a wealth_n true_o lay_v before_o you_o not_o feign_v by_o put_v a_o case_n let_v we_o compare_v it_o with_o common_a wealth_n which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n in_o esse_fw-la or_o do_v remain_v describe_v in_o true_a history_n especial_o in_o such_o point_n wherein_o the_o one_o differ_v from_o the_o other_o to_o see_v who_o have_v take_v the_o right_a true_a and_o more_o commodious_a way_n to_o govern_v the_o people_n aswell_o in_o war_n as_o in_o peace_n this_o will_v be_v no_o illiberal_a occupation_n for_o he_o that_o be_v a_o philosopher_n and_o have_v a_o delight_n in_o dispute_v nor_o unprofitable_a for_o he_o who_o have_v to_o do_v &_o have_v good_a will_n to_o serve_v the_o prince_n and_o the_o common_a wealth_n in_o give_v counsel_n for_o the_o better_a administration_n thereof_o thomas_n smyth_n finis_fw-la monarchia_fw-la aristocratiae_fw-la democratia_fw-la iust._n rex_fw-la tyrannus_n populus_fw-la dictatorship_n tyrannis_fw-la respublica_fw-la domus_fw-la seu_fw-la familia_fw-la provine_v or_o propagation_n be_v when_o a_o man_n lay_v a_o branch_n of_o a_o vine_n or_o osier_n or_o any_o other_o tree_n into_o the_o ground_n so_o that_o it_o take_v root_n of_o itself_o &_o may_v live_v though_o it_o be_v cut_v then_o from_o the_o first_o root_n or_o stock_n pagus_n oppidum_n civitas_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la maior_fw-la elder_n son_n of_o duke_n be_v not_o earl_n by_o birth_n but_o lord_n and_o take_v their_o place_n above_o earl_n 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of_o family_n together_o within_o themselves_o how_o to_o demean_v and_o order_v their_o matter_n best_a for_o the_o conservation_n of_o themselves_o and_o each_o of_o their_o family_n general_o and_o particular_o thus_o a_o few_o be_v head_n and_o the_o chief_a of_o their_o family_n equal_a in_o birth_n and_o nobility_n and_o not_o much_o different_a in_o riches_n govern_v their_o own_o house_n and_o the_o descendentes_fw-la of_o they_o particular_o and_o consult_v in_o common_a upon_o public_a cause_n agree_v also_o upon_o certain_a law_n and_o order_n to_o be_v keep_v among_o they_o so_o the_o best_a chief_a and_o sage_a do_v rule_v and_o other_o part_n have_v no_o cause_n to_o strive_v with_o they_o nor_o have_v no_o cause_n nor_o appearance_n to_o compare_v with_o any_o of_o they_o neither_o for_o age_n nor_o discretion_n nor_o for_o riches_n or_o nobility_n the_o ruler_n seek_v each_o to_o keep_v and_o maintain_v their_o posterity_n as_o their_o son_n and_o nephew_n and_o such_o as_o shall_v succeed_v they_o and_o carry_v their_o name_n when_o they_o be_v dead_a and_o so_o render_v they_o be_v mortal_a by_o nature_n immortal_a by_o their_o fame_n and_o succession_n of_o posterity_n have_v most_o earnest_a care_n to_o maintain_v still_o this_o their_o cousinage_n and_o common_a family_n aswell_o against_o foreign_a and_o barbarous_a nation_n which_o be_v not_o of_o their_o progeny_n tongue_n or_o religion_n as_o against_o wild_a and_o sanage_v beast_n this_o seem_v the_o natural_a source_n and_o beginning_n or_o image_n of_o that_o rule_n of_o the_o few_o number_n which_o be_v call_v of_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o of_o the_o latin_n optimatum_fw-la respublica_fw-la the_o first_o original_a or_o beginning_n of_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o multitude_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d chap._n 14._o now_o as_o time_n bring_v a_o end_n of_o all_o thing_n these_o brethren_n be_v all_o dead_a and_o their_o offpring_n increase_a daily_o to_o a_o great_a multitude_n and_o the_o reverence_n due_a to_o the_o old_a father_n in_o such_o and_o so_o great_a number_n of_o equal_n fail_v by_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o death_n or_o dote_v of_o the_o elder_n each_o owe_v their_o merit_n of_o education_n apart_o to_o their_o father_n and_o grandfather_n and_o so_o many_o arise_v and_o such_o equality_n among_o they_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v content_a to_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o few_o for_o two_o thing_n be_v such_o as_o for_o the_o which_o man_n in_o society_n and_o league_n do_v most_o strive_v that_o be_v honour_n and_o profit_n no_o man_n of_o free_a courage_n can_v be_v content_v to_o be_v neglect_v therein_o so_o that_o they_o be_v fain_o of_o necessity_n to_o come_v to_o that_o that_o the_o more_o part_n shall_v bear_v the_o price_n away_o in_o election_n of_o magistrate_n and_o ruler_n so_o that_o either_o by_o course_n or_o by_o lot_n each_o man_n in_o turn_n may_v be_v receive_v to_o bear_v rule_n and_o have_v his_o part_n of_o the_o honour_n and_o if_o any_o be_v of_o the_o profit_n which_o come_v by_o administration_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n for_o whosoever_o come_v of_o that_o old_a great_a grandfather_n race_n he_o account_v himself_o as_o good_a of_o birth_n as_o any_o other_o for_o service_n to_o the_o common_a wealth_n all_o or_o such_o a_o number_n have_v do_v it_o as_o they_o can_v not_o be_v account_v few_o and_o if_o a_o few_o will_v take_v upon_o they_o to_o usurp_v over_o the_o rest_n the_o rest_n conspire_v together_o will_v soon_o be_v master_n over_o they_o and_o ruinate_v they_o whole_o whereupon_o necessary_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o common_a wealth_n must_v turn_v and_o alter_v as_o before_o from_o one_o to_o a_o few_o so_o now_o from_o a_o few_o to_o many_o and_o the_o most_o part_n each_o of_o these_o yet_o willing_a to_o save_v the_o politic_a body_n to_o conserve_v the_o authority_n of_o their_o nation_n to_o defend_v themselves_o against_o all_o other_o their_o strife_n be_v only_o for_o empire_n and_o rule_n and_o who_o shall_v do_v best_a for_o common_a wealth_n whereof_o they_o will_v have_v experience_n make_v by_o bear_v office_n and_o be_v magistrate_n this_o i_o take_v for_o the_o first_o and_o natural_a beginning_n of_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o multitude_n which_o the_o greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o latin_n some_o republica_n by_o the_o general_a name_n some_o populi_fw-la potestas_fw-la some_o census_fw-la potestas_fw-la i_o can_v tell_v how_o latine_o that_o the_o common_a wealth_n or_o policy_n must_v be_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o people_n chap._n 15._o by_o this_o process_n and_o discourse_n it_o do_v appear_v that_o the_o mutation_n &_o change_n of_o fashion_n of_o government_n in_o common_a wealth_n be_v natural_a &_o do_v not_o always_o come_v of_o ambition_n or_o malice_n and_o that_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o people_n so_o the_o common_a wealth_n be_v to_o it_o sit_v &_o proper_a and_o as_o all_o these_o three_o kind_n of_o common_a wealth_n be_v natural_a so_o when_o to_o each_o party_n or_o espece_n and_o kind_n of_o the_o people_n that_o be_v apply_v which_o best_o agree_v like_o a_o garment_n to_o the_o body_n or_o shoe_n to_o the_o foot_n than_o the_o body_n politic_a be_v in_o quiet_a &_o find_v ease_n pleasure_n and_o profit_n but_o if_o a_o contrary_a form_n be_v give_v to_o a_o contrary_a manner_n of_o people_n as_o when_o the_o shoe_n be_v too_o little_a or_o too_o great_a for_o the_o foot_n it_o do_v hurt_v and_o encumber_v the_o convenient_a use_n thereof_o so_o the_o free_a people_n of_o nature_n tyrannize_v or_o rule_v by_o one_o against_o their_o will_n be_v he_o never_o so_o good_a either_o fail_n of_o courage_n and_o be_v servile_a or_o never_o rest_v until_o they_o either_o destroy_v their_o king_n and_o they_o that_o will_v subdue_v they_o or_o be_v destroy_v themselves_o and_o again_o another_o sort_n there_o be_v which_o without_o be_v rule_v by_o onâ—e_a prince_n but_o set_v at_o liberty_n can_v tell_v what_o they_o shall_v do_v but_o either_o through_o insolency_n pride_n and_o idleness_n will_v fall_v to_o robbery_n and_o all_o mischief_n and_o to_o scatter_v and_o dissolve_v themselves_o or_o with_o foolish_a ambition_n and_o private_a strife_n consume_v one_o another_o and_o bring_v themselves_o to_o nothing_o of_o both_o these_o two_o we_o have_v history_n enough_o to_o bear_v witness_n as_o the_o greek_n roman_n samnite_n dane_n uandal_n and_o other_o yet_o must_v you_o not_o think_v that_o all_o common_a wealth_n administration_n and_o rulinge_n begin_v on_o this_o sort_n by_o provine_v or_o propagation_n as_o be_v before_o write_v but_o many_o time_n after_o a_o great_a battle_n and_o long_a war_n the_o captain_n who_o lead_v a_o multitude_n of_o people_n gather_v peradventure_o of_o diverse_a nation_n &_o language_n like_v y_o e_o place_n which_o he_o have_v by_o force_n conquer_v tarry_v there_o &_o begin_v a_o common_a wealth_n after_o this_o manner_n &_o for_o the_o most_o part_n a_o kingdom_n as_o the_o goth_n &_o lombard_n in_o italy_n the_o frenchman_n in_o gaul_n the_o saracen_n in_o spain_n and_o part_n of_o france_n the_o saxon_n in_o great_a britain_n which_o be_v now_o call_v england_n of_o which_o when_o that_o one_o and_o chief_a prince_n be_v dead_a the_o noble_a sort_n consult_v among_o themselves_o and_o either_o choose_v a_o other_o head_n and_o king_n or_o divide_v it_o into_o more_o head_n &_o ruler_n so_o do_v the_o lumbards_n in_o italy_n and_o the_o saxon_n in_o england_n or_o take_v at_o the_o first_o a_o common_a rule_n &_o popular_a estate_n as_o the_o zwiser_n do_v in_o their_o cantous_a &_o do_v yet_o at_o this_o day_n or_o else_o admit_v the_o rule_n of_o a_o certain_a few_o exclude_v the_o multitude_n and_o commonalty_n as_o the_o paduan_n veronenses_n and_o venetian_n have_v accustom_v the_o division_n of_o the_o part_n and_o person_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n chap._n 16._o to_o make_v all_o thing_n yet_o clear_a before_o as_o we_o shall_v go_v there_o arise_v another_o division_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n for_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o say_v that_o it_o consist_v of_o a_o multitude_n of_o house_n &_o family_n which_o make_v stretes_n &_o village_n &_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o stretes_n &_o village_n make_v town_n and_o the_o multitude_n of_o town_n the_o realm_n &_o that_o freeman_n be_v consider_v only_o in_o this_o behalf_n as_o subject_n &_o citizen_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n &_o not_o bondman_n who_o can_v bear_v no_o rule_n nor_o jurisdiction_n over_o freeman_n as_o they_o who_o be_v take_v but_o as_o instrument_n &_o the_o good_n and_o possession_n of_o other_o in_o which_o consideration_n
also_o we_o do_v reject_v woman_n as_o those_o who_o nature_n have_v make_v to_o keep_v home_o and_o to_o nourish_v their_o family_n and_o child_n and_o not_o to_o meddle_v with_o matter_n abroad_o nor_o to_o bear_v office_n in_o a_o city_n or_o common_a wealth_n no_o more_o than_o child_n and_o infant_n except_o it_o be_v in_o such_o case_n as_o the_o authority_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o blood_n and_o progeny_n as_o the_o crown_n a_o duchy_n or_o a_o erledome_n for_o there_o the_o blood_n be_v respect_v not_o the_o age_n nor_o y_o e_o sex_n whereby_o a_o absolute_a queen_n a_o absolute_a duchess_n or_o countess_n those_o i_o call_v absolute_a which_o have_v the_o name_n not_o by_o be_v marry_v to_o a_o king_n duke_n or_o earl_n but_o by_o be_v the_o true_a right_a &_o next_o successor_n in_o the_o dignity_n and_o upon_o who_o by_o right_a of_o the_o blood_n that_o title_n be_v descend_v these_o i_o say_v have_v the_o same_o authority_n although_o they_o be_v woman_n or_o child_n in_o that_o kingdom_n duchy_n or_o earldom_n as_o they_o shall_v have_v have_v if_o they_o have_v be_v man_n of_o full_a age_n for_o the_o right_n and_o honour_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o the_o quietness_n and_o surety_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v more_o to_o be_v consider_v than_o either_o the_o tender_a age_n as_o yet_o impotent_a to_o rule_v or_o the_o sex_n not_o accustom_v otherwise_o to_o intermeddle_v with_o public_a affair_n be_v by_o common_a intendment_n understand_v that_o such_o personage_n never_o do_v lack_v the_o counsel_n of_o such_o grave_n and_o discreet_a man_n as_o be_v able_a to_o supply_v all_o other_o defect_n this_o as_o i_o say_v be_v not_o enough_o but_o the_o division_n of_o these_o which_o be_v participant_a of_o the_o common_a wealth_n be_v one_o way_n of_o they_o that_o bear_v office_n the_o other_o of_o they_o that_o bear_v none_o the_o first_o be_v call_v magistrate_n the_o second_o private_a man_n another_o the_o like_a be_v among_o the_o roman_n of_o partricij_fw-la &_o plebei_fw-la one_o strive_v with_o other_o a_o long_a time_n the_o patricij_fw-la many_o year_n exclude_v the_o plebes_fw-la from_o bear_a rule_n until_o at_o last_o all_o magistrate_n be_v make_v common_a between_o they_o yet_o be_v there_o another_o division_n of_o the_o roman_n into_o senatores_fw-la equites_fw-la and_o plebs_fw-la the_o greek_n have_v also_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o french_a have_v also_o at_o this_o day_n les_fw-fr noble_n &_o la_fw-fr popular_fw-la or_o gentiles_n home_n &_o villain_n we_o in_o england_n divide_v our_o man_n common_o into_o four_o fort_n gentleman_n citizen_n and_o yeoman_n artificer_n and_o laborer_n of_o gentleman_n the_o first_o and_o chief_a be_v the_o king_n the_o prince_n duke_n marquise_n earl_n vicounte_n baron_n and_o these_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o nobility_n and_o all_o these_o be_v call_v lord_n and_o nobleman_n next_o to_o these_o be_v knight_n esquier_n and_o simple_a gentleman_n of_o the_o first_o part_n of_o gentleman_n of_o england_n call_v nobilitas_fw-la maior_fw-la chap._n 17._o maior_fw-la have_v marquise_n earl_n vicounte_n and_o baron_n either_o be_v create_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o come_v to_o that_o honour_n by_o be_v the_o elder_a son_n as_o high_a &_o next_o in_o succession_n to_o their_o parent_n baron_n for_o the_o elder_a of_o duke_n son_n during_o his_o father_n life_n be_v call_v a_o earl_n a_o earl_n son_n be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o a_o viscount_n or_o baron_n or_o else_o according_a as_o the_o creation_n be_v the_o creation_n i_o call_v the_o first_o donation_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o honour_n give_v by_o the_o prince_n for_o good_a service_n do_v by_o he_o and_o advauncement_n that_o the_o prince_n will_v bestow_v upon_o he_o which_o with_o the_o title_n of_o that_o honour_n be_v common_o but_o not_o always_o give_v to_o he_o and_o to_o his_o heir_n male_n only_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o son_n of_o the_o nobility_n by_o the_o rigour_n of_o the_o law_n be_v but_o esquier_n lord_n yet_o in_o common_a speech_n all_o duke_n and_o marquise_n son_n and_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o a_o earl_n be_v call_v lord_n the_o which_o name_n common_o do_v agree_v to_o none_o of_o low_a degree_n than_o baron_n except_v such_o only_a as_o be_v thereunto_o by_o some_o special_a office_n call_v the_o barony_n or_o degree_n of_o lord_n do_v answer_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o senator_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o title_n of_o our_o nobility_n to_o their_o patricij_fw-la when_o patricij_fw-la do_v betoken_v senatores_fw-la aut_fw-la senatorum_fw-la filios_fw-la census_n senatorius_fw-la be_v in_o rome_n at_o diverse_a time_n diverse_a and_o in_o england_n no_o man_n be_v create_v baron_n except_o he_o may_v dispend_v of_o yearly_a revenue_n one_o thousand_o pound_n or_o one_o thousand_o mark_n at_o the_o least_o vicounte_n earl_n marquise_n and_o duke_n more_o according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o degree_n and_o honour_n but_o though_o by_o chance_n he_o or_o his_o son_n have_v less_o he_o keep_v his_o degree_n but_o if_o they_o decay_v by_o excess_n and_o be_v not_o able_a to_o maintain_v the_o honour_n as_o senatores_fw-la romani_fw-la be_v amoti_fw-la senatu_fw-la so_o sometime_o they_o be_v not_o admit_v to_o the_o upper_a house_n in_o the_o parliament_n although_o they_o keep_v the_o name_n of_o lord_n still_o of_o the_o second_o sort_n of_o gentleman_n which_o may_v be_v call_v nobilitas_fw-la minor_fw-la &_o first_o of_o knight_n chap._n 18._o no_o man_n be_v a_o knight_n by_o succession_n not_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n and_o the_o name_n of_o prince_n in_o england_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d betoken_v the_o king_n elder_a son_n or_o prince_n of_o wales_n although_o the_o king_n himself_o his_o elder_a son_n and_o all_o duke_n be_v call_v by_o general_a name_n prince_n but_o as_o in_o france_n the_o king_n elder_a son_n have_v the_o title_n of_o the_o dauphin_n and_o he_o or_o the_o next_o heir_n apparent_a to_o the_o crown_n be_v monsire_fw-mi so_o in_o england_n the_o king_n elder_a son_n be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o prince_n knight_n therefore_o be_v not_o bear_v but_o make_v either_o before_o the_o battle_n to_o encourage_v they_o the_o more_o to_o adventure_v their_o life_n or_o after_o the_o conflict_n as_o advauncement_n for_o their_o hardiness_n and_o manhood_n already_o show_v or_o out_o of_o the_o war_n for_o some_o great_a service_n do_v or_o some_o good_a hope_n through_o the_o virtue_n which_o do_v appear_v in_o they_o and_o they_o be_v make_v either_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o or_o by_o his_o commission_n and_o royal_a authority_n give_v for_o the_o same_o purpose_n or_o by_o his_o livetenaunt_n in_o the_o war_n who_o have_v his_o royal_a and_o absolute_a power_n commit_v to_o he_o for_o that_o time_n and_o that_o order_n seem_v to_o answer_v in_o part_n to_o that_o which_o the_o roman_n call_v equites_fw-la romanos_fw-la differ_v in_o some_o point_n and_o agree_v in_o other_o as_o their_o common_a wealth_n and_o we_o do_v differ_v and_o agree_v for_o never_o in_o all_o point_v one_o common_a wealth_n do_v agree_v with_o a_o other_o no_o nor_o long_a time_n any_o one_o common_a wealth_n with_o itself_o for_o all_o change_v continual_o to_o more_o or_o less_o and_o still_o to_o diverse_a &_o diverse_a order_n as_o the_o diversity_n of_o time_n do_v present_a occasion_n and_o the_o mutability_n of_o man_n wit_n do_v invent_v and_o assay_v new_a way_n to_o reform_v and_o amend_v that_o werein_o they_o do_v find_v fault_n equites_fw-la romani_fw-la be_v choose_v ex_fw-la censu_fw-la y_fw-es e_fw-la be_v according_a to_o their_o substance_n and_o riches_n so_o be_v knight_n in_o england_n most_o common_o according_a to_o the_o yearly_a revenue_n of_o their_o land_n be_v able_a to_o maintain_v that_o estate_n yet_o all_o they_o that_o have_v equestrem_fw-la censum_fw-la non_fw-la legebantur_fw-la equites_fw-la no_o more_o be_v all_o make_v knight_n in_o england_n that_o may_v dispende_v a_o knight_n land_n or_o fee_n but_o they_o only_a who_o the_o king_n will_v so_o honour_v the_o number_n of_o equites_fw-la be_v uncertain_a and_o so_o it_o be_v of_o knight_n at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o prince_n equites_fw-la romani_fw-la have_v equum_fw-la publicum_fw-la the_o knight_n of_o england_n have_v not_o so_o but_o find_v their_o own_o horse_n themselves_o in_o peace_n time_n and_o most_o usual_o in_o war_n census_n equester_n be_v among_o the_o roman_n at_o dinerse_a time_n of_o diverse_a value_n but_o in_o england_n whosoever_o may_v dispende_v of_o his_o free_a land_n 40._o l._n sterling_a of_o yearly_a revenue_n by_o a_o old_a law_n of_o england_n either_o at_o the_o coronation_n of_o the_o king_n or_o marriage_n of_o his_o daughter_n or_o at_o the_o
both_o their_o own_o live_n and_o part_n of_o their_o master_n by_o these_o mean_n do_v come_v to_o such_o wealth_n that_o they_o be_v able_a and_o daily_o do_v buy_v the_o land_n of_o unthriftie_a gentleman_n and_o after_o set_v their_o son_n to_o the_o school_n at_o the_o university_n to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n or_o otherwise_o leave_v they_o sufficient_a land_n whereon_o they_o may_v live_v without_o labour_n do_v make_v their_o say_a son_n by_o those_o mean_n gentleman_n these_o be_v not_o call_v master_n for_o that_o as_o i_o say_v pertain_v to_o gentleman_n only_o but_o to_o their_o surname_n man_n add_v goodman_n as_o if_o the_o surname_n be_v luter_n finch_n white_n browne_n they_o be_v call_v goodman_n luter_n goodman_n white_a goodman_n finch_n goodman_n browne_n amongst_o their_o neighbour_n i_o mean_v not_o in_o matter_n of_o importance_n or_o in_o law_n but_o in_o matter_n of_o law_n and_o for_o distinction_n if_o one_o be_v a_o knight_n they_o will_v write_v he_o for_o example_n sake_n sir_n john_n finch_n knight_n so_o if_o he_o be_v a_o esquire_n john_n finch_n esquire_n or_o gentleman_n if_o he_o be_v no_o gentleman_n john_n finch_n yeoman_n for_o amongst_o the_o gentleman_n they_o which_o claim_v no_o high_a degree_n and_o yet_o be_v to_o be_v exempt_v out_o of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o low_a sort_n thereof_o be_v write_v esquier_n so_o amongst_o the_o husbandman_n labourer_n low_a and_o rascal_n sort_n of_o the_o people_n such_o as_o be_v exempt_v out_o of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o rascabilitie_n of_o the_o popular_a be_v call_v and_o write_v yeoman_n as_o in_o the_o degree_n next_o unto_o gentleman_n these_o be_v they_o which_o old_a cato_n call_v aratores_fw-la and_o optimos_fw-la cive_v in_o republica_n and_o such_o as_o of_o who_o the_o writer_n of_o common_a wealth_n praise_n to_o have_v many_o in_o it_o aristoteles_n namely_o recite_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d these_o tend_v their_o own_o business_n come_v not_o to_o meddle_v in_o public_a matter_n and_o judgement_n but_o when_o they_o be_v call_v and_o glad_a when_o they_o be_v deliver_v thereof_o be_v obedient_a to_o the_o gentleman_n and_o ruler_n and_o in_o war_n can_v abide_v travail_n and_o labour_n as_o man_n use_v to_o it_o yet_o within_o it_o soon_o at_o a_o end_n that_o they_o may_v come_v home_o &_o live_v of_o their_o own_o when_o they_o be_v forth_o they_o fight_v for_o their_o lord_n of_o who_o they_o hold_v their_o land_n for_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n for_o their_o country_n and_o nation_n for_o praise_n and_o honour_n against_o they_o come_v home_o and_o to_o have_v the_o love_n of_o their_o lord_n and_o his_o child_n to_o be_v continue_v towards_o they_o and_o their_o child_n which_o have_v adventure_v their_o life_n to_o and_o with_o he_o and_o he_o these_o be_v they_o which_o in_o the_o old_a world_n get_v that_o honour_n to_o england_n not_o that_o either_o for_o wit_n conduction_n or_o for_o power_n they_o be_v or_o be_v ever_o to_o be_v compare_v to_o the_o gentleman_n but_o because_o they_o be_v so_o many_o in_o number_n so_o obedient_a at_o the_o lord_n call_v so_o strong_a of_o body_n so_o hear_v to_o endure_v pain_n so_o courageous_a to_o adventure_v with_o their_o lord_n or_o captain_n go_v with_o or_o before_o they_o for_o else_o they_o be_v not_o hasty_a nor_o never_o be_v as_o make_v no_o procession_n of_o knowledge_n of_o war_n these_o be_v the_o good_a archer_n in_o time_n past_a and_o the_o stable_a troop_n of_o footman_n that_o affaide_v all_o france_n that_o will_v rather_o die_v all_o than_o once_o abandon_v the_o knight_n or_o gentleman_n their_o captain_n who_o at_o those_o day_n common_o be_v their_o lord_n and_o who_o tenaunte_n they_o be_v ready_a beside_o perpetual_a shame_n to_o be_v in_o danger_n of_o undo_n of_o themselves_o &_o all_o they_o if_o they_o shall_v show_v any_o sign_n of_o cowardice_n or_o abandon_v the_o lord_n knight_n or_o gentleman_n of_o who_o they_o hold_v their_o live_n and_o this_o they_o have_v amongst_o they_o from_o their_o forefather_n tell_v one_o to_o a_o other_o the_o gentleman_n of_o france_n and_o the_o yeoman_n of_o england_n be_v renown_v because_o in_o battle_n of_o horseman_n france_n be_v many_o time_n too_o good_a for_o we_o as_o we_o again_o always_o for_o they_o on_o foot_n and_o gentleman_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v man_n at_o arm_n and_o horseman_n and_o yeoman_n common_o on_o foot_n howesoever_o it_o be_v yet_o the_o gentleman_n have_v always_o the_o conduction_n of_o the_o yeoman_n and_o as_o their_o captain_n be_v either_o a_o foot_n or_o upon_o a_o little_a nag_n with_o they_o and_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o fight_a battle_n remain_v always_o among_o the_o footman_n as_o the_o french_a king_n among_o their_o horseman_n each_o prince_n thereby_o as_o a_o man_n may_v guess_v do_v show_v where_o he_o think_v his_o strength_n do_v consist_v what_o a_o yeoman_n be_v i_o have_v declare_v but_o from_o whence_o the_o word_n be_v derive_v it_o be_v hard_o to_o say_v it_o can_v be_v think_v that_o yeoman_n shall_v be_v say_v a_o young_a man_n for_o common_o we_o do_v not_o call_v any_o a_o yeoman_n till_o he_o be_v marry_v and_o have_v child_n and_o as_o it_o be_v have_v authority_n among_o his_o neighbour_n younker_n in_o low_a dutch_a betoken_v a_o mean_a gentleman_n or_o a_o gay_a fellow_n possible_a our_o yeoman_n not_o be_v so_o bold_a as_o to_o name_v themselves_o gentleman_n when_o they_o come_v home_o be_v content_a when_o they_o have_v hear_v by_o frequentation_n with_o low_a dutchman_n of_o some_o small_a gentleman_n but_o yet_o that_o will_v be_v count_v so_o to_o be_v call_v amongst_o they_o younker_n man_n the_o calling_z so_o in_o war_n by_o mockage_n or_o in_o sport_n one_o a_o other_o when_o they_o come_v home_o younker_n man_n and_o so_o yeoman_n which_o word_n now_o signify_v among_o we_o a_o man_n well_o at_o ease_n and_o have_v honest_o to_o live_v and_o yet_o not_o a_o gentleman_n whatsoever_o that_o word_n younker_n man_n yonke_n man_n or_o yeoman_n do_v more_o or_o less_o signify_v to_o the_o dutch_a man_n of_o the_o four_o sort_n of_o man_n which_o do_v not_o rule_v chap._n 24._o the_o four_o sort_n or_o class_n amongst_o we_o be_v of_o those_o which_o the_o old_a roman_n call_v capite_fw-la censij_fw-la proletarij_fw-la or_o operae_fw-la day_n labourer_n poor_a husbandman_n yea_o marcantes_fw-la or_o retailer_n which_o have_v no_o free_a land_n copiholder_n and_o all_o artificer_n as_o tailor_n shoemaker_n carpenter_n brickemaker_n bricklayer_n mason_n etc._n etc._n these_o have_v no_o voice_n nor_o authority_n in_o our_o common_a wealth_n and_o no_o account_n be_v make_v of_o they_o but_o only_o to_o be_v rule_v not_o to_o rule_v other_o and_o yet_o they_o be_v not_o altogether_o neglect_v for_o in_o city_n and_o corporate_a town_n for_o default_n of_o yeoman_n inquest_n and_o jury_n be_v empanel_v of_o such_o manner_n of_o people_n and_o in_o village_n they_o be_v common_o make_v churchwarden_n alecunner_n and_o many_o time_n constable_n which_o office_n touch_v more_o the_o common_a wealth_n and_o at_o the_o first_o be_v not_o employ_v upon_o such_o low_a and_o base_a person_n wherefore_o general_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o common_a wealth_n or_o policy_n of_o england_n it_o be_v govern_v administer_v &_o manure_v by_o three_o sort_n of_o person_n the_o prince_n monarch_n and_o head_n governor_n which_o be_v call_v the_o king_n or_o if_o the_o crown_n fall_v to_o a_o woman_n the_o queen_n absolute_a as_o i_o have_v heretofore_o say_v in_o who_o name_n and_o by_o who_o authority_n all_o thing_n be_v administer_v the_o gentleman_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n the_o barony_n or_o estate_n of_o lord_n contain_v baron_n and_o all_o that_o be_v above_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o baron_n as_o i_o have_v declare_v before_o and_o those_o which_o be_v no_o lord_n as_o knight_n esquire_n and_o simple_o gentleman_n the_o third_o and_o last_o sort_n of_o person_n be_v name_v the_o yeomanrie_n each_o of_o these_o have_v his_o part_n and_o administration_n in_o indgemente_n correction_n of_o defaulte_n in_o election_n of_o office_n in_o appoint_v and_o collection_n of_o tribute_n and_o subsidy_n or_o in_o make_v law_n as_o shall_v appear_v hereafter_o the_o second_o book_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o the_o authority_n thereof_o chap._n 1._o the_o most_o high_a and_o absolute_a power_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n consist_v in_o the_o parliament_n for_o as_o in_o war_n where_o the_o king_n himself_o in_o person_n the_o nobility_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o gentility_n and_o the_o yeomanrie_n be_v be_v y_z e_z force_n and_o power_n of_o england_n so_o in_o peace_n &_o consultation_n where_o the_o prince_n be_v
many_o thing_n different_a from_o the_o fashion_n use_v either_o in_o france_n or_o in_o italy_n or_o in_o any_o other_o place_n where_o the_o emperor_n law_n and_o constitution_n call_v the_o civil_a law_n be_v put_v in_o use_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a here_o to_o make_v a_o little_a digression_n to_o the_o intent_n that_o that_o which_o be_v say_v hereafter_o may_v be_v better_o understand_v all_o pursuite_n and_o action_n we_o call_v they_o in_o our_o english_a tongue_n plea_n and_o in_o barbarous_a but_o now_o usual_a latin_n placita_fw-la take_v that_o name_n abusive_a of_o the_o definitive_a sentence_n which_o may_v well_o be_v call_v placitum_fw-la or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o french_a use_v the_o same_o call_n in_o their_o language_n the_o sentence_n of_o their_o judge_n areste_fw-fr or_o arrest_v in_o which_o word_n notwithstanding_o after_o their_o custom_n they_o do_v not_o find_v the_o s._n but_o we_o call_v placitum_fw-la the_o action_n not_o the_o sentence_n and_o placitare_fw-la barbarouslie_o or_o to_o plead_v in_o english_a agere_fw-la or_o litigare_fw-la now_o in_o all_o judgement_n necessary_o be_v two_o party_n the_o first_o we_o call_v the_o impleader_n suitor_n demaunder_n or_o demaundaunt_a and_o plaintiff_n in_o criminal_a cause_n if_o he_o profess_v to_o be_v a_o accuser_n we_o call_v he_o appellant_n or_o appellour_n and_o so_o accusation_n we_o call_v appeal_v the_o other_o we_o call_v the_o defendant_n and_o in_o criminal_a cause_n prisoner_n for_o he_o can_v answer_v in_o cause_n criminal_a before_o he_o do_v render_v himself_o or_o be_v render_v prisoner_n index_n be_v of_o we_o call_v judge_n but_o our_o fashion_n be_v so_o diverse_a that_o they_o which_o give_v the_o deadly_a stroke_n and_o either_o condemn_v or_o acquit_v the_o man_n for_o guilty_a or_o not_o guilty_a be_v not_o call_v judge_n but_o the_o twelve_o man_n and_o the_o same_o order_n aswell_o be_v in_o civil_a matter_n and_o pecuniary_a as_o in_o matter_n criminal_a of_o plea_n or_o action_n chap._n 9_o plea_n or_o action_n criminal_a be_v in_o english_a call_v plea_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o be_v all_o those_o which_o tend_v to_o take_v away_o a_o man_n life_n or_o any_o member_n of_o he_o for_o his_o evil_n deserve_v against_o the_o prince_n and_o common_a wealth_n and_o this_o name_n be_v give_v not_o without_o a_o cause_n for_o take_v this_o for_o a_o principle_n that_o the_o life_n and_o member_n of_o a_o englishman_n be_v in_o the_o power_n only_o of_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o law_n when_o any_o of_o his_o subject_n be_v spoil_v either_o of_o life_n or_o member_n the_o prince_n be_v endamage_v thereby_o and_o have_v good_a cause_n to_o ask_v account_n how_o his_o subject_n shall_v come_v to_o that_o mischief_n and_o again_o for_o so_o much_o as_o the_o prince_n who_o govern_v the_o sceptre_n and_o hold_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n have_v this_o in_o his_o care_n and_o charge_n to_o see_v the_o realm_n well_o govern_v the_o life_n member_n and_o possession_n of_o his_o subject_n keep_v in_o peace_n and_o assurance_n he_o that_o by_o violence_n shall_v attempt_v to_o break_v that_o peace_n and_o assurance_n have_v forfeit_v against_o the_o sceptre_n and_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o therefore_o not_o without_o a_o cause_n in_o all_o inquisition_n and_o inditemente_n if_o any_o be_v find_v by_o the_o twelve_o man_n to_o have_v offend_v in_o that_o behalf_n straight_o the_o prince_n be_v say_v to_o be_v party_n and_o he_o that_o shall_v speak_v for_o the_o prisoner_n shall_v be_v rebuke_v as_o speak_v against_o the_o prince_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v never_o defend_v but_o the_o prisoner_n and_o party_n defendant_n in_o any_o cause_n may_v allege_v for_o he_o all_o the_o reason_n mean_n and_o defence_n that_o he_o can_v and_o shall_v be_v peaceable_o hear_v and_o quiet_o but_o in_o those_o plea_n &_o pursuite_n of_o the_o crown_n procurer_n or_o advocate_n he_o get_v none_o plea._n which_o in_o civil_a and_o pecuniary_a matter_n be_v it_o for_o land_n rent_n right_a or_o possession_n although_o he_o plead_v against_o the_o prince_n himself_o be_v never_o deny_v plea_n civil_a be_v either_o personal_a or_o real_a personal_a as_o contract_n or_o for_o injury_n precept_n real_a be_v either_o possessory_a to_o ask_v or_o to_o keep_v the_o possession_n or_o in_o rem_fw-la which_o we_o call_v a_o write_v of_o right_a for_o that_o which_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v call_v actio_fw-la or_o formula_fw-la we_o call_v write_v in_o english_a so_o the_o greek_n call_v it_o word_n for_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o in_o our_o barbarous_a latin_a we_o name_v it_o breve_fw-la and_o as_o the_o old_a roman_n have_v their_o action_n some_o ex_fw-la jure_fw-la civili_fw-la and_o some_o ex_fw-la jure_fw-la praetorio_fw-la and_o ordinary_o praetor_n dabat_fw-la actiones_fw-la &_o formulas_fw-la actionum_fw-la so_o in_o england_n we_o retain_v still_o this_o and_o have_v some_o writ_n out_o of_o the_o chancery_n other_o out_o of_o the_o common_a place_n or_o the_o king_n bench_n of_o the_o chief_a tribunal_n bench_n or_o court_n of_o england_n chap._n 10._o in_o time_n past_a as_o may_v appear_v to_o he_o that_o shall_v with_o judgement_n read_v the_o history_n and_o antiquite_v of_o england_n the_o court_n and_o bench_n follow_v the_o king_n and_o his_o court_n wheresoever_o he_o go_v especial_o short_o after_o the_o conquest_n which_o thing_n be_v find_v very_o cumbersome_a painful_a and_o chargeable_a to_o the_o people_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o parliament_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o stand_a place_n where_o judgement_n shall_v be_v give_v and_o it_o have_v long_a time_n be_v use_v in_o westminster_n hall_n which_o king_n william_n rufus_n build_v for_o the_o hall_n of_o his_o own_o house_n in_o that_o hall_n be_v ordinary_o see_v 3._o tribunal_n or_o judge_n seat_n at_o the_o entry_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o common_a place_n where_o civil_a matter_n be_v to_o be_v plead_v special_o such_o as_o touch_v land_n or_o contract_n at_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o hall_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o king_n bench_n where_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n have_v their_o place_n and_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n sit_v the_o chancellor_n accompany_v with_o the_o master_n of_o the_o roll_n who_o in_o latin_a may_v be_v call_v custos_fw-la archivorum_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o certain_a man_n learn_v in_o the_o civil_a law_n call_v master_n of_o the_o chancery_n in_o latin_a they_o may_v be_v name_v assessores_fw-la of_o the_o time_n of_o plead_v call_v term_n &_o of_o the_o chancellor_n and_o chancery_n chap._n ii_o two_o thing_n may_v be_v move_v in_o question_n here_o how_o all_o england_n be_v so_o long_o and_o so_o large_a and_o have_v so_o many_o shire_n and_o province_n therein_o can_v be_v answer_v of_o justice_n in_o one_o place_n and_o in_o 3._o bench_n be_v they_o never_o so_o great_a a_o other_o whereas_o the_o king_n 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