number of other Horse who came to his assistance at Barkham Down Henry III. during his 56 years Reign was so fully employed by the French in the Bowels of England the Welsh and Scotch on his Borders and his great Lords at home That he neither assisted nor minded Ireland further than to draw powerful Assistances of men thence which he received against France Anno 1230 and 1254 and against Wales in 1245 in 1256 c. as he had done of Victuals in the beginning of his Reign having received thence 1000 Bacons two Ships load of Corn and one of Oats The Clergy of Ireland granted him a Subsidy and he received Aid thence towards paying a Debt to the Dauphin of France He made his eldest Son Edward Lord of Ireland The 17th of his Reign the King of Conaught exhibited a Complaint That although he had ever since King John subdued him duly paid his annual Tribute of 5000 Marks yet he was disturbed by John de Burgo Edward the First being in War with Scotland and the Irish generally in Rebellion the Scots invaded Ireland and committed all manner of Barbarities but were not only expelled but followed by the English of Ireland who severely revenged the Injury they had received and therein did acceptable Service to the Crown of England In Anno 1293. The King drew Succours from Ireland against the French as he did against the Scotch when Balliol the Chair and Marble were taken and the two latter brought thence Two years after another considerable Army from Ireland met the King near Edinburgh and tendred him considerable Service as did a third Army from thence at the Battle of Falkirk Soon after which Tho. Bissel with a party from Ireland invaded Scotland and possessed himself of the Isle of Arrain which the King gave to him and his Heirs as an acknowledgment of his good Service This King received the whole Tenth of all Ecclesiastical Revenues in Ireland for seven years and one Fifteenth of the Temporality towards the holy War Also Aid towards the Marriage of his Sister and several times pressed them for other Aids The Scots soon after they had given Edward II. that great defeat at Bonoksborne encouraged by that Kings Male-administration took the opportunity to revenge the Mischiefs they had received from Ireland in the former Reign Edward Bruce twice invaded Ireland and notwithstanding the opposition he met with over-ran and sacked a great part of it destroyed Men Women and Children Towns Churches and all that came in his way and excited the Irish to almost a general Rebellion while the Scots King made a like havock in all the North parts of England This Edward Bruce was Crowned King of Ireland but though his Rage was great his Reign was short it being but one year The Cruelties committed by the Scots were so many as caused even the Irish to abhor and abandon them who therefore joyned with the English who at last defeated Bruces's Army cut off his Head and as an acceptable Present sent it to King Edward In this War the Scots lost 30000 and the Irish-English 15000 fighting men besides others The whole Land was almost wasted impoverished and depopulated yet the King was so far from relieving or succouring it That he required and received thâ—nce the â—th Penny from all the Temporality towards defending England against the Scots In his 16th year he was attended at Curlee by the Earl of Louth with 6000 foot and 300 men at Arms and 1000 Hoblers all well appointed and by the Earl of Ulster with 300 men at Arms and in the 17th year of his Reign he was supplyed thence with 5000 Quarters of Corn sent him to Aquitain I do not find that there was any standing Army in pay in Ireland When Edward III. first ascended the Throne nor for several years after the whole charge of the Civil List then amounted but to 308 l. 2 s. for a year and it was because the chief Governor was a great Favorite that he had 500 l. per Annum for his Entertainment out of which he was to maintain twenty or thirty Horsemen In the 6th year of this Kings Reign the Lord Darcy with a potent Army from Ireland invaded Scotland So that as our Writers express it what by the King on the one side and by the Irish on the other Scotland was subdued and Baliole placed on the Throne And two years after the same Lord Darcy over-run part of Scotland and the Isles which he might have possessed had they been worth keeping Notwithstanding which this King the 15th year of his Reign recalled all the Royal Franchises and Liberties and resumed all the Lands and Signories that had been granted by him or his Father which put the English born there into almost as bad a Condition as the Natives and tended to unite them as fellow sufferers and laid the Foundation of innumerable Mischiefs Yet an Army went thence to help the King then in France and did him good Service and were with him at the Battle of Cressey as did another party from Ireland go to him to the Siege of Calais Anno 1347. In 1353. Sir Tho. Rokerby carried over into Ireland ten men at Arms and twenty Archers In 1361 the King made his third Son Lionel Duke of Clarence Lord Lieutenant he married Elizabeth de Burgo whose Fortune was 30000 Marks per Annum In her right he was Earl of Vlster Lord of Meath and Conaught Here I must dissent from a truly worthy learned and scrutinous Enquirer into the Affairs of that Kingdom who will not allow her Fortune to be above the Moiety of that Summ because that what thereof lyes in Vlster being seized into this Kings hands from the 5th to the 8th of his Reign by an odd account yielded but about 0900 l. But he neither considered the Frauds of Concealors and Collectors nor remembred the late devastations made by Bruce whereby not only all Vlster but a great part of Ireland was laid waste and unpeopled and the English by Dissentions in Arms against one another in those very years so that the instance affects not the Case for those Rents and Profits were of very great value and might have been a thousand times more in setled times notwithstanding there was received no more in those three years This Duke carried over with him 1500 men chiefly to recover his Wifes Inheritance yet he was so far from using them solely to that purpose That he only recovered part of Meath and of the Sea-Ports of Vlster for the Condition of the Kingdom requiring he employed them with good Success in Leinster and Munster therein as in many other Respects he preferred the publick good to his particular Advantage in acknowledging of which and other good Services the Clergy and Laity gave him two years full Profits of their Tythes and Lands William Winsor was sent Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and with him a party of men but their number being as I suppose but small is no
where given us He undertook for 11213 l. 6 s. 8 d. per Annum to bear the whole Charge of that Kingdom both Civil and Military During his Government he obtained 5000 l. of the Parliaments of that Kingdom towards maintenance of the Kings Wars which I presume was those with France Richard II. Anno 1384. committed the Government of Ireland to Robert Vere Earl of Oxford and Duke of Ireland during his Life with Power to receive the whole Revenue without Account and to keep an Army of 1000 Archers and 500 men at Arms for two years But I do not find that either he or his men went thither for the Kings Affections to him were such that he would not bear his absence Yet he continued Lord Lieutenant seven or eight years during which he constituted several Deputies and received most of the Profits of that Government to his own use The King being reproach'd abroad That he could neither rule England keep his part in France nor finish the Conquests of Ireland he resolved to retrieve his Reputation in respect of the last To that end he took Shipping in October 1394 and landed at Waterford with an Army of 34000 Men but to little purpose partly for that he suffered himself to be cheated as were his Predecessors by the feigned Submissions of most of the Irish Princes and great Lords who on his arrival humbled themselves Some of whom quitted all Title to their Estates in Leinster and conditioned with their Swords under the Kings Pay to carve out Estates for themselves in other parts of the Kingdom with which the King was constrained to be satisfied by reason of the Clamour and Importunity of the Clergy of England Whose constant hatred of Reformation and fear that the Enormities of their Lives and Corruption of their Doctrines should be exposed by the Wickl fits caused them to send the Bishops of York and London to hasten the Kings return The truth is they wanted the Royal Authority for persecution of the Innocent and suppression of the Truth To gratifie their Importunity the King returned at Shrovetide or Easter following having sufficient Power but not time to do any thing considerable At his departure he left Roger Mortimer Earl of March his Lord Lieutenant who in right of his Wife was Earl of Vlster Lord of Conaught Meath and Clare and next Heir to the Crown He was murdered there four years after It was customary until near this time for the Lord Chancellor to pay annually 2000 Marks into the Exchequer for the use of the great Seal which went a great way towards bearing the charge of that Kingdom in peaceable times But the Fees being much abated that branch of the Revenue did so too In Revenge of the Murder of the Earl of March King Richard went thither again in April 1398. with such an Army as with their Necessaries and Followers took up a Fleet of 300 Ships The Irish generally mollified him by their old Method of Submissions The obstinate he intended to have subdued But the Tidings that the Duke of Lancaster afterwards Hen. IV. was landed in England and claimed the Crown called him back so that he landed in England the 24th of June following and soon after for his Male-administration lost first his Crown and Liberty by Order of Parliament and then his Life by the hands of Villains The Clergy nor Parliaments of those times had not imbibed the Doctrine of Non-resistance or Passive Obedience or that the Crown could not be forfeited by Male-administration or that it could not for the good and Preservation of the Community be transferred or that any Legal Possessor of it might disseize the Subject of his Liberty or Franchises or take away and dispose their Estates at Pleasure You must know that from the time of King Hen. II. his Expedition into Ireland until this time Ireland was of the same use to the Crown that Tangier and the pretence of a War with France was to Charles II. Richard II. had often and now Hen. IV. began to desire Money from the Parliament of England for supply of Ireland and had a Subsidy granted for three years of 50 s. for every Sack of Wool Skins and Woolfels from every Denison and 4 l. from every Stranger Also one Tenth and one Fifteenth for support of his War with Scotland relief of Calais and Ireland but he found so much use for it in England that I do not find that one Penny of it went thither But on the other side being in War with Scotland the English of Ireland fought the Scots in his quarrel at Sea where many of the first were killed and drowned In 1405 They took three Scotch Ships and their Commander and twice in Favour of England invaded Scotland with good Success and the same year invaded Wales did much harm to the Welch and carried away good Booty This King made the Duke of Lancaster Lord Lieutenant of Ireland for seven years He went thither in 1401. and returned into England in 1403. his Entertainment or Salary was but 666 l. 13 s. 4 d. per Annum And it was because he was the Kings Son that it was so much So inconsiderable were the Armies that were kept up in Ireland that it was an honour placed on this Duke that he was permitted to have an Army of 1500 men in all Ireland though many of the Irish were in Rebellion and so frugally were the Affairs of that Kingdom managed that this Duke was limited to keep up that Army but for three years About Lammas 1408. The Duke Of Lancaster went into Ireland a second time and narrowly escaped being killed by some of the Rebels At his arrival there he compelled the Earl of Kildare to pay him 300 Marks for his Male-administration He had a Tallage granted him by the Parliament of Ireland and returned into England next March after his landing in Ireland Whoever looks into the Troubles of this Kings Reign will see that he could supply Ireland neither with Men nor Money Hen. V. was so fully taken up with his Conquests in France that he minded Ireland no further than to draw Supplies thence which he did Anno 1412. under the Earl of Ormond And in 1417 the Prior of Kilmainham with 1600 in Mail with Darts and Skeyns all tall nimble men arrived at the Camp before Rouen and joyfully accepted the most dangerous Post wherein they so acquitted themselves that our Writers tell us no men were more praised nor did more harm to their Enemies For by their Agility of Body and swiftness of Foot they did more mischief the Enemy than their barded Horses did hurt to the nimble Irish And in the seven years of his Reign the French Historians tell us that the Irish did over-run all the Isle of France did innumerable damages to the French and daily brought Victuals and Preys to the English Army which so terrified the French about Paris that they fled and left the Country desolate The Parliament of
of Indulgence suspended the Execution of those severe and unkind Laws with which Dissenters have been so long plagued and which have been so prejudicial to the Kingdom Yet they are not repealed but seem to be kept like Rods in pickle and the Instruments of our past Miseries and which procured them are many of them still in being longing endeavouring and daily threatning the Repeal of that Act of Indulgence and Suspension In such a State of things no man of sence that is tolerably setled abroad will be induced by a Liberty that 's so precarious to return home especially when he observes that if he do return and that he hath not stretched his Conscience larger than it was at his going abroad he must be content to be a Slave in one of the freest Kingdoms in the World incapacitated to serve God or his Country in any Office Civil or Military and like Issachars Ass be used only to bear a greater share of the publick burthen and charge and do a greater part of the publick drudgery than his Neighbours but must not be employed in any place either of Honour or Profit but be like the Silk-worm permitted to spin out his Bowels for others It is a scandal to our Nation and Religion and a thing abhorred by very many sober Christians That the receiving the Sacrament the most solemn Ordinance of our Religion in a mode never instituted by Christ nor practised by his Apostles should be made a qualification to the bearing of Office or Arms selling Ale or keeping a Victualing-house The great end of his Majesties glorious undertaking being to restore Liberty to every of the oppressed Protestants in these Kingdoms he seems in Interest as well as Inclination concerned to take off all these Incapacities from the Dissenters and legally to put them into as good or a better Condition than they were in under King James who arbitrarily compelled them to take Offices c. upon them seeing the most criminal and culpable part of the Kingdom have been pardoned indempnified and at least rendred capable of bearing Office c. There can no good reason be given why so great a part of the Nation that contribute so much to its Prosperity and Welfare and bear so great a part of the publick charge should stand exempted from the Priviledge of Subjects unless their greater Enmity to France their firm adherence to his Majesties Interest to that of the Kingdom and Protestant Religion bs made one and that our Divisions in favour of France ought to be perpetuated be made another Until those Clouds which intercept the benign Rays of Government from shining indifferently upon all Protestant Subjects are removed the King seems to be only King of a Part and not of the whole of his Subjects As it is the Interest of all the Princes of Europe to joyn against France so it is no less the Interest of all the Protestants of every Perswasion in this Kingdom to unite for their common defence against that Enemy of Mankind the French King For if he hath for so long a time withstood or kept the united force of almost all Europe at a Bay what are we to apprehend if any occurrent should dissolve the Confederacy and that he should have opportunity to attack us singly in the divided distracted Condition in which we are especially considering how great a Party he hath already amongst us But his Majesties Interest and Honour falling in so aptly with that of Europe the Safety and Prosperity of the Kingdom and the Advantage of our Landed men it will undoubtedly put him and them upon removing these Stones of stumbling and Rocks of Offence in a Parliamentary way and that the rather because had not this sort of People in the two last Reigns to the Irritation of the Court against them and the Ruin of many of them joyned with the sober part of the Church of England in electing such Members for Parliament as boldly asserted our Religion Liberties and Properties we had in all probability long before this been made Slaves to Popery and Arbitrary Government And had they not fallen in to do the like in this last Revolution in Electing Members for the late Convention or Parliament the Crown and Kingdom had in all likelihood been unsettled until this day Thus you see the sure way to advance the Rents of our Lands depends on the taking off all Restraints and giving due liberty to Manufacturers and alluring them Home in incouraging and improving those advantages which are in a manner peculiar to us in discourageing and clogging those Trades which draw away our Treasure In keeping a good Correspondence with those Kingdoms and Countreys whence we derive Materials for our Manufactures and those which take off our Natural Products Manufactures and Artificial Commodities All which are things worthy the consideration of the Great and Sage Council of the Kingdom the Parliament The Fifth Query How may the present Rebellion in Ireland and the Reduction thereof be improved to the future Security and Encrease of the Advantages which we receive by Ireland and of Their Majesties Revenue future Charge thereby to England be avoided and that Kingdom rendred useful towards bringing down the Power of France IT hath already been demonstrated That besides the Supplies of Men and Money which Ireland Antiently yielded us towards the Conquest of France Scotland and Wales That we did Annually before the present Rebellion utter considerable quantities of our Natural Products and Manufactures for which we had no other Markets into that Kingdom That we were furnished thence with several necessary Materials for our Manufactures and Commodities for Forreign Trade which we could not have elsewhere That some of their Ports are of great consideration to us the want of which our Merchants to their great loss have in this War experienced That besides the profit which we make by Ireland in the ordinary course of Trade we do receive thence yearly above 200000 l. All which Advantages had been much more had we not by prohibiting their Cattel and debarring their Trade to the Plantations interrupted the course of Commerce between the two Kingdoms compelled them to more Forreign Trade than they were otherways disposed to seek However you see that what remains is well worth the securing and improving and if we be not under Infatuation and still fond of our Errors the present Conjuncture of Affairs furnisheth us as with the opportunity to rectifie them so also to secure and improve them in order to which it will be necessary First That the Lives Liberties and Estates of the Protestants in that Kingdom be well secured Whilst these remain at uncertainties both publick and private Affairs will drive on but heavily It hath been the hard fate of the Protestants of Ireland as hath been said that the Papists have had such favour in and influence on our Council in England on the conclusion of every Rebellion that they have been left in a condition if
REMARKS ON THE Affairs and Trade OF England and Ireland Wherein is set down 1. The Antient Charge of Ireland and all the Forces sent thither from 1170 until the Compleat Conquest thereof in 1602 with the Returns of Forces and Treasure which have been made thence to England towards the Conquests of France Scotland and Wales 2. The peculiar Advantages which accrue to England by Ireland As also those made in the Course of Trade 3. The State of the Trade Revenue Rents Manufactures c. of Ireland with the Causes of its Poverty And the State of the Trade and Rents of Lands in England from the Reign of Ed. III. unto this time with the Causes of their increase and Abatement 4. The only sure Expedients for their Advancement with the Necessity and Utility of the Repeal as well as Suspension of the Laws against Dissenters and the Test 5. How the Reduction and Settlement of Ireland may be improved to the Advantage of England and Increase of their Majesties Revenue 1500000 l. may be raised by Ireland to the ease of England expediting of their Majesties Affairs And how Ireland may be rendred Useful towards the retrenching the Power of France By a hearty Well-wisher to the Protestant Religion and the Prosperity of these Kingdoms With Allowance LONDON Printed for Tho. Parkhurst at the Bible and Three Crowns in Cheapside near Mercers Chapel 1691. To His Grace James Duke of Ormond The Right Honourable Richard Earl of Burlington and Cork Lord High Treasurer of Ireland William Earl of Portland Sir John Lowther Baronet Vice-Chamberlain to Her Majesty Lords of Their Majesties Treasury Richard Hambden Esquire Chancellor of the Exchequer Lords of Their Majesties Treasury Sir Stephen Fox Knight Lords of Their Majesties Treasury Thomas Pelham Esquire Lords of Their Majesties Treasury Sir Henry Ashurst Baronet And Sir Thomas Clergis Knight My Lords and Honoured Gentlemen THese Papers which were writ with a more private design yet chiefly intended for the Service of Their Majesties and the Publique are now addressed to your Lordships to render them the more useful to those Ends the several Eminent Stations in which all of you are gives you the opportunity of improving whatever is herein proposed to that purpose The unhappy management of the Affairs of Ireland on every Rebellion hath made the Charge of their Reduction to England ten times more than needed Cambden observed that by long usage it was grown a mischievous Custom in Ireland that Rebels might with part of the Plunder they took from the English procure Pardon Whereby and the Lenity of England Rebellions were nourished there This is most certain that the Papists have always had such Influence on the Councils of England as on the conclusion of every Rebellion they have been left in a condition to renew them at pleasure to the great Charge of England and Ruin of the English Planters in Ireland and of their Improvements And now they the French K. and the late K. J. have their Instruments at work to that end But five Rebellions having been raised there betwixt 1567 and 1642. and now a Sixth of which two formidable and chargeable ones having happened within the memory of many yet living will if we be not doomed to Infatuation instruct us in the necessity of breaking their power and utterly disabling them for future Rebellions There are a Party of Men who while the late K. J. was in Ireland magnified both it and the Force of the Irish but upon the Tydings of the happy progress of His Majesties Arm to detract from the Glory of His Acquisitions they represent that Kingdom as chargeable and useless nay as disadvantagious to England It hath however to their Mortification already yielded Laurels to incircle His Royal Brows and will do Treasure to His Coffers with a rich Return to this Kingdom of the Charge laid out for its Reduction if the Settlement thereof be duly attended It is enough for His Majesty to Conquer it ought to be the Care of His Ministers to settle and secure There is indeed a great measure of Wisdom required to improve Victories as well as Courage and Conduct to Atchieve them It hath been observed to be the Fate of the English to lose that by Treaty which they gain by Conquest Five Hundred Years Experience hath verified it in great measure as to Ireland The Affairs and Trade of that Kingdom its Vtility and Importance to England and the Influence it hath on the Trade and Rents thereof seems to have escaped the observation of most of our Statesmen and Merchants I have in these Papers attempted to rescue them from that obscurity and to lay them before Your Honours Now that the Affairs of that Kingdom are before You in Parliament Councils and Committees For which presumption nothing can Apologize but the Zeal for the Publick with which they were written I am in all humility My Lords and Gentlemen Your most Humble Servant W. H. SIR The Substance of the First of the Inquiries you Propose concerns Ireland which I take to be this First Whether England hath been Loser or Gainer by the Conquest of Ireland the Charge considered that hath been Expended thereon YOU are pleased to require my Answer to this and the other Queries which you propose presuming that my Acquaintance with that Kingdom c. doth Capacitate me to satisfie you therein I confess I have made Observations that would at least have Contributed thereunto But my Absence from Papers that would have inabled a more distinct and satisfactory Account of those matters might have excused my Disobedience at least for the present But being you admit not thereof but use the Power you have over me in commanding a speedy Compliance I will in Obedience briefly set down what occurs to me on that Subject tho' my Sentiments in this matter being different from many others I foresee the hardiness of undertaking to contradict Common-Fame or to rectifie a vulgar Error I have heard several and among them some of the Famed States-Men of the Age wish there were no such place as Ireland and fault its nearness to England as detrimental or unprofitable As if had they been consulted they could have rectified the Creation by leaving it out or placing it better elsewhere The Error lies in not apprehending its usefulness to England Others gravely tell us both in Discourse and Print that the gaining and keeping Ireland hath cost England more than the purchase of all that Kingdom is worth But these are like him who pay'd Ten-Shillings for an Ewe kept her Five Years pay'd Twelve Pence per Annum for her keeping tho' he Yearly received her Lambs and Fleece yet believed he was Fifteen Shillings the worse by having her I confess I was once half of the mind that the Expence of England in Blood and Treasure about that Kingdom had been vast My Curiosity led me to examine whether it were so or no and I will here faithfully impart what I have
Ireland granted this King 1700 Marks at several times towards the maintenance of his Wars The English in Ireland being wasted with the Supplies they had yielded to England against Scotland Wales and France and the frequent Rebellions there the Parliament there represented the ill Condition thereof in 1442 to Hen. VI. and that by reason thereof the Publick Revenue was 1456 l. per Annum less than the necessary Charge The Cardinal of Winchester the better to engross the King and that he might rule at Pleasure caused Richard Duke of York Earl of Vlster to be sent Lord Lieutenant thither to induce his Acceptance he gained the King to promise the Duke all the certain and casual Revenue of Ireland and 2666 l. 13 s. 4 d. for the first year to be paid out of of England and 2000 l. sterling per Annum for seven years more but this was ill paid However he had several Successes against the Rebels gained the Hearts of the English made good Laws and governed so worthily That out of Gratitude and Inclination to him he was assisted in his Pretentions to the Crown by Kildare and several great Parties out of Ireland as was the King by another Party thence under the Earl of Ormond in the 34th and 38th years A great Party thence was cut off and fell with him at the Battel of Wakefield as many from Ireland did on the other side at Mortimer's Cross these great Losses furnished the Natives with opportunities to enlarge their Borders and streighten the English About Anno 1474. the 14th of Edward IV. The Parliament of Ireland erected the Fraternity of St. George consisting of Thirteen Noblemen who were yearly to chuse of themselves a Captain of the Brotherhood who for his year was to command 120 Archers on Horseback at 6 d. per diem forty Horsemen at 5 d. per diem forty Pages at four Marks per annum to be paid out of a Subsidy of 12 d. per pound laid on all Merchandize Imported or Exported And these were all the standing Forces in pay at this time Six years after Richard Duke of York being Lord Lieutenant the Earl of Kildare his Deputy did undertake to keep that Kingdom in peace with eighty Archers and twenty Spear-men all on Horseback for 600 l. per annum The Infancy of Edward V. gave his unnatural Unkle the opportunity of Murthering him together with his Brother in the Tower whom he succeeded under the Title of Richard III. Anno 1483. but a period was put to his Tyranny Usurpation and Life in 1485. Henry VII held himself under no obligation to do much for Ireland because two walking Spectres thence Lambert and Warbeck disquieted a great part of his Reign yet in 1487. he sent over 500 Men under Sir Richard Edgcomb some write that he carried no Forces with him and about fifty more Anno 1492. The next year after the King by Act of Parliament there resumed all the Crown Lands that had been granted away since the first of Henry VI. In the Ninth year of his Reign he sent over Sir Edward Poyning his Deputy and with him 940 Men. He by his Policy rather than force did more Service to his Prince and good to the English there than any of his Predecessors by gaining that Parliament to Enact That all the Publick Statutes of England made before that time should be in force in Ireland That no Parliament be held there until the Bills be first certified to the King under the great Seal there and those Bills be affirmed by the King and his Council to be expedient for the Land and Power be given under the great Seal of England to call a Parliament and many other beneficial Statutes He gained the King a Tax of 26 s. 8 d. out of every 120 Acres Arable Land in Lieu of Purveyance and a Resumption of all Grants made since the first of Edward III. which in Anno 1409. was followed with a Subsidy of 12 d. per pound on Imported Commodities and a Subsidy from the Clergy and Laity and in Anno 1508 he had 13 s. 4 d. granted him out of every 120 Acres Arable Land In Anno 1515. The Parliament of Ireland granted Henry VIII a Subsidy In Anno 1520. The Earl of Surry was sent Lord Lieutenant with 200 Men some say 900 more but whatever the number was they all returned for England with him the next year The Souldiers pay at this time was 4 d. per diem In 1524. The Earl of Kildare undertook the Government and to defray the whole Charge of the Kingdom with its own Revenue which he and his Deputy held with little interruption for near ten years Anno 1529. Sir William Skeffington carried over 200 Men according to some 500. In 1534. he carried over 750 to suppress the Rebellion of the Fitz-Geralds as did the Lord Grey 200 more the next year who ended it upon which 750 of the Army was disbanded This Rebellion is said to cost the King above 20000 l. The Revenue of the Kingdom by reason of that Rebellion being but 5000 l. per annum To repay which or prevent the like charge in future The King had the first Fruits then the twentieth part of all Ecclesiastical Livings then the first Fruits of all Abbeys Priories and Colledges in that Kingdom given him Kildares Estate of 893 l. per annum and many great Estates of those concerned in that Rebellion were all given to the King as also all Lands belonging to all Abbeys Priories and Colledges there And the Estates of many Absentees Hitherto the Wars in Ireland was mostly between the English and Native Irish on the Score of Civil Interest But from the time of this Kings first Divorce and Kildares Rebellion the degenerate English joined with the Irish and pretended Religion for their subsequent Rebellions which thenceforth became more frequent and more formidable being fomented and abetted sometime by the Emperor sometime by France sometime by Spain mostly by the Pope especially from the time of the Kings assuming the Supremacy Henceforward they have been no longer Loyal than whilst they have been compelled to be so In 1539. Sir William Brereton carried over 250 Men. In 1542 the Parliament gave Henry VIII the Title of King of Ireland all his Predecessors having only had the Title of Lord thereof In Anno 1543. the Irish Revenue besides Customs first-Fruits Tributes and some other particulars amounted but to 8700 l. per annum and the whole charge to but 10500 l. The Chief Governour upon all Warlike Expedition by an antient usage in that Kingdom did Tax each County with a certain Summ of Money to defray the charge thereof So that it is not easie to apprehend that Ireland at this time could be a charge to England The standing Army was but 375 Horse and 150 Foot In 1544. 700 Men were sent from Ireland into France who greatly damnified the French and by pretty Stratagems contributed to the supply of the Army with
Provisions And in obedience to the Kings commands 3000 Men were sent from Ireland against Scotland In 1547. Edward VI. to secure that Kingdom upon the Reformation of Religion sent thither 600 Horse and 400 Foot under Sir Edward Belingham who with the Forces there subdued the Demseys Connors and Moores then in Rebellion whereby Offailie and Leixe were forfeited to the Crown This King being incumbred with Wars with France and Scotland and many Rebellions at Home did as Haywood tells us draw much people from Ireland to serve him in his Wars To replenish which in the fourth year of his Reign he sent thither 400 men and 8000 l. And the next year the English from Ireland Invaded the Isles of Scotland In 1556. Queen Mary committed the Government of that Kingdom to the Earl of Sussex who carried Sir Henry Sidney with him and 25000 l. in Cash by whose assistance he finished what Belingham had so Worthily begun in breaking the power of the Demseys Connors Moores c. whereby Leixe and Offailie were Vested in the Crown and English Plantations settled in those parts now called the King 's and Queen's Counties The Irish Parliament then gave the Queen a Subsidy of 13 s. 4 d. out of every Plough-Land for ten years which was a great addition to the Revenue In 1558. This Earl had 500 men out of England with whom and the Forces of that Kingdom he Invaded the Isles of Scotland took some and sacked several others of them the standing Army there in this Reign when most was less than 1700. and sometimes less than 1100. In 1560. which was two years after Q. Elizabeth's Accession to the Crown there was 500 Foot sent into Ireland to recruit the Army In 1565. The Army in the Queens pay was but 1200 Horse and Foot The Charge of the Civil List about 1500 l. per annum The Revenue of Ireland surmounted 10000 l. per annum besides large Summs frequently gained from the Irish Lords on their Submissions and Tribute imposed on them so that the Queens Charge could be but small considering that all the Freeholders on every occasion of Marching the Army against any Rebels were obliged to send certain numbers of Horse and Foot with Provisions to attend the Chief Governour or Commander in Chief of the Army This Parsimonious Queen to avoid Expence and the sending men for Ireland ordered that every Tenant there that paid her 40 l. per annum Rent should be obliged to find a Horseman and every one that paid 6 l. 13 s. 4 d. per annum a Footman Armed for her Service to be ready on all occasions About this time O Donnel submitted to the Queen and conditioned to pay 200 l. per annum and to attend her Army on all occasions with a number of Horse and Foot as did many others of the Irish who submitted on like conditions of Compositions and Assistance which not only augmented the Revenue and lessened the Charge of the Army but helped much towards paying for their Fetters This O Donnel five years after paid the Queen 1200 l. for Delinquency and Arrears of his Composition In 1565. The Valiant Captain Randolph Landed at Derry with a Troop of Horse and 700 Foot to settle a Plantation he did great Service although at last he lost his Life in the Improvement of a memorable Victory which he obtained against the Rebels In 1569. Captain Ward with 400 Souldiers were sent into Ireland he landed at Cork The Queens great Study was to inlarge and firm her Conquest in Ireland without Charge In order thereunto she attempted to tread in the steps of Henry II. and several of his Successors who gained most of their Interest in that Kingdom at the charge of a few of their Subjects with little charge to the Crown or Kingdom of England In order thereto the Queen in 1572. incouraged Sir Tho. Smith at his own Charge to settle an English Colony in the Ards. She granted every Footman 120 Acres and every Horseman 240 Acres which then was as much as 500 Acres in England paying her one penny per Acre per annum And the year following she Lent the Earl of Essex 10000 l. on a Mortgage and gave him half the Clandeboys on condition that he should Plant 200 Horse and 400 Foot each Horseman was to have 400 Acres and each Footman 200 Acres paying 2 d. per Acre Quit-Rent Where that Noble Lord did perform many brave Exploits and had done much better had he not been countermined by the enmity and opposition of several Great Men both here and there In 1576. An Antient Tax called the Cess of five Marks on each Plow-Land which had been discretionarily levyed by the Chief Governours there from Edward III's time to this under pretence of Prerogative had by this time been Arbitrarily stretched to eight or nine pounds a Plow-Land being now complain'd of as a publick grievance was reduced within its first Bounds Yet notwithstanding this and other Regulations the worthy Sir Henry Sidney who governed there augmented the Queen's Revenue 11000 l. per annum above what he found it Until this time according to the best of our Writers England gained and maintained its footing in Ireland with very inconsiderable Charge to the Publick But henceforward the Charge became much greater mostly occasioned by the Queens great Parsimony who always employed incompetent force for subduing the Rebellions that were raised whereby they were lengthened to trebble the time and charge that would else have served I know not whether it ought to be reckoned as expended for the Conquest of that Kingdom tho' that was the Issue of it because the greatest part of it was occasioned by the King of Spain The Queen to divert that King from attempting England employed and fought him in the Netherlands mostly at the cost of the Dutch and he to divert her from assisting the Dutch or Invading his Dominions fomented Rebellions in Ireland and assisted them with Men and some Money yet fought her mostly at the cost of the Irish In 1579. There was 600 Men sent out of Devonshire into Ireland yet they made up the Army there in the Queens pay but 1100 Horse and Foot But the Rebellion of Desmond and others and the Spaniards that joined them did require the augmentation of the Army To that end three Companies were sent from Berwick and 150 Horse under Capt. Norris And in 1580. Six Companies under Capt. Berkley and 150 Horse under C. Russel which in 1582. were followed with 400 under the Earl of Ormond These with the Militia of that Countrey killed Desmond destroyed his Confederates in that Rebellion expelled the Spaniards and restored such measure of Peace to the Kingdom that the publick Revenue of it for the year 1583. amounted to about 24000 l. and thenceforward it encreased mightily by the firm Settlement of Estates and Enlargement of Trade insomuch that in 1584. the Lord Deputy proposed to the Queen that if she would add but 50000
to the Manufacturers and to those Provinces And understanding that some of the Corporate Cities and Towns where the Weavers had Seated themselves had by hard and unkind Impositions and usage disgusted many of their Brethren that dwelt in Country Villages The King took the advantage thereof and by the offer of many large Immunities and Priviledges invited several of them to remove into England where they were sure to Buy Wool Cheap and Sell Cloth dear For their further encouragement the King paid the Charge of their Transportation gave them Freedom in Corporations with many peculiar priviledges House-Rent free for some Years defray'd the Charge of their Families out of his Exchequer until their Labour brought in a competency for them and Prohibited the wearing of any Course Forreign Cloth This had its desired effect for thereon many of the Clothiers with their dependents removed and settled in England Whereby the Scale of the Trade of the Kingdom did much alter for the better by the 28th Year of that Kings Reign for by that time Cloth was made in England not only in good measure for home supply but also some Course sort for Exportation as appears by the following Ballance of the Trade of that Year Recorded in the Exchequer By which we may see as the State and smalness of the Trade of the Kingdom so also the great Parsimony of those times Exportations  l. s. d. 31651 Sacks and a half of Wool at 6 l. per Sack 189909. 3036 Hundred 65 Fells at 2 l. per Hundred of 120 006073. 1. 8. Custom of both amounts to 81624. 1. 1. 14 Last 17 Dicker and 5 Hides of Leather at 6 l. per Last 89. 5. whereof the Custom amounts to 6. 17. 6. 4774 Clothes and a half at 40 l. per Cloth 009549. 8061 Pieces and a half of Worsteds at 16 s. 8 d. per Piece 006717. 18. 4. The Custom of both amounts to 215. 13. 7. The Summ of the out-carried Commodities in value and Custom amounteth to 294184. 17. 2. The Importations into England 28th Ed. 3.  l. s. d. 1832 Clothes at 6 l. per. Cloth 10992. whereof the Custom amounts to 91. 12. 397 Quintals ¾ of Wax at 40 s. per Quin. 795. 10. whereof the Custom amounts to 19. 17. 5. 1829 Tun ½ of Wine at 40 s. per Tun 3659. whereof Custom 182. 19. Linnen-Cloth Mercery and Grocery wares and all other Merchandize 22943. 6. 10. whereof the Custom 285. 18. 3. Summ of the in-brought Commodities in Value and Custom 38970. 3. 6. Summ of the in-plusage of the out-carried above the in-brought Commodities amounteth to 255214. 13. 8. The bringing in of these few Manufacturers instantly put the Kingdom into a thriving condition for although it added but 16266 l. 18 s. 4 d. to the Exportations of this year yet it so far decreased the Importations as that there was 255214 l. 13 s. 8 d. added to the Stock of the Kingdom Thus was the Foundation first laid of the Succeeding Trade Wealth and Opulence of England Henceforward this Kingdom encreased in Trade Shipping and Wealth Lands yielded better Rents and the products of it a better price for in 1520. the beginning of Henry VIII's Reign a fat Oxe in London was commonly sold for 26 s. a fat Wether 3 s. 4 d. which allowing for the different value of the Coin is twice as much in the first and above three times as much in the last For Silver and Coin was 20 d. per Ounce in Edward III's time and was advanced to 40 d. per Ounce and no more in 1520. The second step was the dissolving of Abbeys and Monasteries By this and the casting off the Popes Supremacy the power of the Clergy and their concern in Civil Affairs abated to the great benefit of the Kingdom Until this was done the Drones suckt most of the Honey and starv'd the industrious Bees But when those Livings came into Lay-hands the Rents and Money which before was hoarded up in Coffers came into the Publick Stock of the Kingdom and circulated I am against stripping the truly worthy reverend painful Clergy I think they deserve good pay and double honour I would not have the labouring Oxen muzzled nor the Labourers hire lessened Let them preach the Gospel prosper and live honourably by it Yet I am of Opinion they do always best and are most happy where they keep within their own Province There is more required to accomplish a States man than School and Book-learning the retired Education of the generality of the Clergy-men begets a temper unfit for Civil Government Christ was so far from committing that to his Disciples that he cautioned or prohibited their intermedling in it Not only the Subjects but even the greatest Princes in the Land have been shocked and made unhappy by the Pride and Ambition of Popish Prelates Becket and others But now that Yoke and the Popes were in a great measure cast off to the unspeakable advantage of Prince and people In most places where Clergy men share in the Government the people are unhappy as in Italy and other Kingdoms but where ever they govern Solely the people are miserable as in the Popes Dominions If the pregnant Instances hereof given by Mr. Bethel in his present Interest of England stated do not convince all Mankind of this Truth surely the late Improvement of those Instances by Dr. Burnet in his five Letters will do it The third happy step towards the enriching of this Kingdom was the Reformation of Religion for this contributes to the enriching a People not only by the Blessing of God which hath always attended the National receiving and conscientious practice of the true Religion but also in that the nature of it is to civilize and moralize Men to make them sober and diligent and so tends to enrich them The Protestant Religion as it makes men more diligent sober and industrious in their Callings than the Popish Religion so it tends more to the enriching of them in that it enjoins as hath been observed fewer Idle days which expose men to expence breeds and begets ill habits and an inaptitude to business and labour c. which are the Companions of Superstition and Idolatry Suppose the working people of England to be but four Millions and that the Labour of each Person be valued but 6 d. per day their work for one day amounts to one hundred thousand pounds which for twenty four days that they keep in a year more than the twenty nine days observed by the Church of England amounts to Two Millions and four hundred thousand pounds Sterling per Annum which of it self is sufficient on the one hand to impoverish and on the other to enrich a Kingdom Another advantage we received by entertaining the Christian Religion and casting off of Popery was That the greatest part of that Money which went yearly to Rome for Pardons and Indulgences was saved to the Kingdom which was no small Summ. The
fourth step towards the enriching of the Kingdom accompanied or immediately followed our breaking off from that Mother of Abominations the Church of Rome and was sent us as a Blessing from Heaven for that Separation was the Serge Say and Stuff Trade with all our new Draperies which have vastly contributed to the Wealth of the Kingdom and raising the Rents of our Lands Antwerp had for a long time been and now was the greatest Seat of Trade in the whole World and the Netherlands of Manufacture Thence we were supplied with all sorts of new Draperies and Fabrick of Silks c. Although Trade be the best humoured Lady in the World yet she is so great a lover of quiet and repose and so sensible that she carries her welcome with her where-ever she goes that she expects to be Courted and Accommodated with Peace Liberty and Security where either of the two latter are denied or taken from her she frequently removes and carries Plenty Wealth and Honour along with her Ignorance is the professed Mother of the Devotion of the Church of Rome Slavery and Poverty her two Daughters Covetousness Cruelty and Ambition inseparable from that Hierarchy The Lords Inquisitors and Bishops of Spain observed that Merchants and Manufacturers were not only a Richer but also a more sober thinking knowing sort of people than others more curious about what they entertain in matters of Religion than the Debauched part of the Gentry and common people nor so much Priest-ridden nor so easily cheated out of their Souls and Money They longed to be fingering their Wealth But the distance of the Netherlands from Spain did not permit them singly to strip this sort of People Therefore these Hamans resolve the Destruction of all that dissented from their Ceremonies and Canons in those Provinces And rather than fail of their extirpation the moderate men though of their own perswasion must go to Pot. Having gained the Sole Direction of Philip the Second of Spain they had as it were both Swords put into their Hands and the World hath seen how they used them They put those Provinces into such Convulsions as enfeebled the Monarchy of Spain which from that time may date its Declension These Right Reverend Fathers appointed Duke D' Alva Governour General of the Netherlands a Man of a fierce cruel bloody inflexible Temper a fit Servant for such Masters yet they thought it too great an Honour for him being a Lay-man solely to engross so great a Stock of Merit as was to be acquired by the Ruin and Murder of such Multitudes as were then to be Sacrificed to the Roman Cruelty To Sanctifie the Villany the Clergy must share in it They therefore appointed fifteen new Bishops to be set up in the Netherlands who should be free from all Secular Power and Jurisdiction even in case of Treason That all Commerce Negotiations Liberties and Priviledges should be overthrown That all in the Netherlands should be reduced to extream Poverty that thereby that Countrey should be assured to them and to Spain That no Man of all those Countreys except of their Faction should be held worthy to live And finally all to be rooted out and all Possessions Arts and Trades and all Orders to be taken away until there should be a new Realm and Nation That none Suspected be Employed tho' of the Blood-Royal but to be removed and dispatched That no Contracts Rights Promises Oaths Priviledges and solemn Grants made to the Netherlands shall be of any Force for the Inhabitants as being guilty of High Treason These things will cause the Subjects to Revolt and move Sedition Thieves and Spoilers of Churches and Images should be hired and sent among them whose Offences should be imputed to the Rebels These were part of the Instructions given by the Holy Fathers to Duke D' Alva and the new Bishops who acted their parts to purpose in this Tragedy for on D' Alva's return into Spain he boasted that he having done the best he could to root out all Herefie he caused 18000 persons to be put to death in Six years by the ordinary Ministers of Justice besides numbers that had been cut off by the Souldiers It had been happy for these Kingdoms if these Instructions had been confined to those Provinces and had not in part been copied and followed here as well as in the Netherlands I will not intermeddle with the direful effects of these Ecclesiastical Politiques further than as to the influence they had on the Netherlands which were the greatest Seat of Trade and Manufacture in the whole World As soon as the peaceable Merchants and Manufacturers began to be tost and teased between the Ecclesiastical and Civil Courts when once the ingenuous industrious Artizans and Traders could no longer quietly enjoy the fruits of their Labours nor as much as by connivance be permitted to serve God according to his own Command and Will nor yet though they continued Idolaters be safe except they would be active and instrumental in plucking up the Foundations of Liberty and Property to set up a Tyrannical and Exorbitant power in Church and State they thought it high time to remove and this Persecution in the Netherlands happening about Anno 1566. and contemporizing with the Establishment of the Protestant Religion in England and the Liberty given in the beginning of Q. Elizabeth 's Reign very many Manufactures were thereby allured over into England and settled in several parts of the Kingdom as London Canterbury Norwich Colchester c. where both French Walloons and Dutch had several Priviledges granted them were allowed Churches with Liberty to serve God in their own way according to the Primitive Simplicity A great part of them removed into Holland and the other United Provinces when once they undertook the defence of their just Liberties and Priviledges and allowed Men to serve God without the imposing of Ceremonies c. Others that were of the Popish Religion removed some into Italy but most into France and laid the Foundation of the Wealth and Greatness of that Monarchy For from that time that Kingdom has mightily encreased in Manufacturies but England much more because we had store of good Wool and Matter for them to work up of which France was in a manner destitute From this time forward all the Cities and Towns in England where these new Manufacturers seated themselves began to be enlarged and regulated in their Buildings and Rents of Houses and Lands advanced The Prosperity of this sort of People and the Liberty and Immunities that were granted them allured many more of them over to us and as their Servants and Apprentices grow up to be Masters the new Manufactures spread into several parts of the Kingdom and where-ever they seated themselves they furnished multitudes of the poorer sort with Work and comfortable Subsistence they grew rich themselves and enriched their Neighbours greatly lessened the Importations and augmented the Exportations of the Kingdom and added to its Wealth
abundantly Thus Persecution greatly impoverished the Spanish Netherlands and gave the first Blow to the greatness of the Spanish Monarchy and Liberty enriched several parts of Europe but England especially The Gospel spread the Church flourished and the Trade and Wealth of the Kingdom continued on the Encrease until there sprung up a generation of Men in the Nation very zealous for the observance of Forms and Ceremonies not so much regarding the necessary Duties of Religion as Love and Charity who too much favoured the Spirit of Persecution In all Ages and amongst all Parties those men that have violently and rigidly been for Imposing particular External Modes and Forms in Religion have least advanced the Power of it and run most counter to the Civil Interest of the Kingdom In Edward the 6th time the Worthy Pious Bishops that first departed from Rome differed about the degrees of distance they were to go off from the Mother of Abominations some of them upon Political considerations that the change might be less sensible and in hopes of alluring the common people were for retaining the less Gross part of the Ceremonies and the most plausible passages of their Liturgy Canons and the way of ordering Priests and Deacons Others of the Bishops were for casting off Rome and all her Ceremonies at once and for returning to the Primitive Simplicity of Worship instituted and practised by Christ and his Apostles as several Forreign Churches had done with good success But reason of State with a good meaning and honest design prevailed yet those that were for retaining those Ceremonies seemed to intend them but for a time and only until as they say in the Preface to the Commination against Sinners c. That the Godly Discipline used in the Primitive Church could be restored But what these first Reformers retained or admitted meerly by way of Expedience judging the things indifferent in their own nature their Successors some time after Imposed with more rigour and strictness than the observance and practice of necessary Duties as if they thought the Canon of the Scripture incompleat and that Christ and his Apostles had not sufficiently directed or instructed the Church how to worship God and that the Christian Religion was deficient without this supplement of new Institutions Arch-Bishop Whit gift was the first that began to Impose these about 1583. By doing whereof he disgusted and disquieted the generality of the Pious Divines and Communicants of the Church of England at that time who disrelished them as unwarrantable and uncharitable gave a check to the Trade and a stop to the Manufacturers who were flocking into the Kingdom from all parts To come to the matter in hand these Impositions and the Severities afterwards used by A. B. Laud put the Church into terrible Convulsions and the State into a Bloody Civil War expelled multitudes of our sober wealthy people some to new-New-England some to Germany some to Holland many chose rather to live in desolate bowling Wildernesses others in strange Lands among people whose Languages they understood not with Liberty to serve God than to live in England their Native Country and be exposed to hardships at home and to be fleeced and stayed by a set of Tormentors Nor was this all but besides many of our industrious Manufacturers were driven into Germany Holland and other of the Vnited Provinces insomuch that as was evidenced to the Parliament in 1643. The Clothiers who for Liberty of Conscience removed hence and setled in Holland made there in one year 36000 pieces of Broad-cloth to the unspeakable loss of this Kingdom for hereupon Trade greatly decayed and the Rents of Houses and Lands abated sensibly And that I may help you a little to estimate the Advantage the Kingdom reaps by these Manufacturers and the great Damage sustained by their Expulsion I will give one Instance of the vast numbers of people they employ which are mostly of the poorer sort and another of what the Kingdom lost by having those 36000 pieces of Broad-Cloth made beyond Sea As to the numbers of people employed in our Manufactures take the Instance from Q. Elizabeth's Reign who being informed that in a time of Dearth and Scarcity several Clothiers in Gloucestershire were fallen to decay whereby the Poor wanted Work she required their condition to be reported to her and I find part of the return to the effect following viz. That in the six Hundreds of Berkly Cumbalash Thornbury Longtree Whitstone and Bislely there inhabited 40 Clothiers who employed 338 Looms to each of which Looms did pertain eight persons viz. Weavers Winders Dyers Dressers Warpers c. which was to the whole 2704 besides 4500 Spinners so that by the decay of these 40 Clothiers 7204 persons in that small Circuit were left without Work and Sustenance As to the Instance which respects our Profit you must know that particularly in White Clothes all that we make of them above the cost of the Wooll and Oyl is raised upon the Labour of our People and is clear Profit to the Kingdom As suppose the Wooll and Oyl for one piece of Cloth cost 3 l. and that the Cloth yields 13 l. then 10 l. is raised by the Labour and Workmanship of the Manufacturers c. The Wooll of some Cloths cost much more but then the Cloth will yield a better price c. But I pitch upon that price as a mean Rate According to which value this Kingdom lost 360 thousand pounds sterling which it had gained if those Cloths had been made in it and sold hence And about 13000 of our People were thereby deprived of the Work and Wages that the making those Cloths would have furnished them with In this single Instance you see the Kingdom lost 360000 l. per annum in the old Drapery and the loss could not be less than double so much in the new Drapery c. and all this for those Trumperies a mighty loss indeed to the Kingdom Yet had the Church gained thereby there had been some pretence for retaining and imposing them but instead of promoting the Edification Peace or Unity thereof they have served only to rend and divide it The fifth step towards the advance of the Rents of Lands was the Liberty of Conscience granted by the Long or Rump Parliament and Oliver from 1642. to 1660. or 62. during which time all Prosecutions for non-observance of uninstituted Ceremonies c. were suspended Indeed never was there a more pregnant Instance of the Benefits which Liberty of Conscience and Encouragements to Manufacturers brings to a Kingdom than what that short space of time furnished For notwithstanding Civil-Wars in the bowels of these three Kingdoms for a great part of that time whereby multitudes of the Inhabitants were cut off yet Trade and the Rent of Lands encreased and advanced even miraculously I deny not but the removal and taking off of all Monopolies the bringing down Interest of Money to 6 l. per Cent and the Act of
would have set up there Not that this Severity proceeded from the temper of the Protestants of Ireland who are certainly the kindest People on Earth to Strangers that either Travel or abide amongst them but from the Bigottry of a few who too much favoured or advanced the Popish Interest And however I doubt not but that the usage those Favourers of Popery received from K. James hath opened their Eyes and possibly rectified the Judgments of such of them as are living yet I believe this Sin this Severity to the distressed French did help forward the dispersion and calamities which have since happen'd to the Protestants of Ireland for sins of this kind being committed by Authority the Guilt becomes National There are not those Laws in that Kingdom against Dissenters that are in England nor any that I have heard of for imposing the Sacramental Test and if it be the Interest of England to have those Laws and that Test taken off 't is certainly no less the Interest of Ireland to incourage all sorts of Protestants Like Liberty with what 's here proposed was one means which hath so abundantly peopled and enriched Holland And as there are not those Laws against Dissenters there as here neither are there those Animosities among Protestants of different Perswasions as there are in England nor those Prejudices against their Majesties Government So that a perfect Vnion among Protestants there is much more feasible than here And if all parties of Protestants be indifferently admitted to places of Honour Profit and Trust they will then joyntly and chearfully promote the welfare of the Publick to the great increase of their Majesties Revenue of the Church Livings and of the Advantages which England receives by that Kingdom Thirdly The Militia of that Kingdom ought to be setled in the hands of men of Courage Conduct and Integrity such as will not connive at underhand countenance or abett the Enemy give Intelligence or secretly share in Robberies and Plunderings with them c. So that the Arms of the Kingdom may neither be diverted from their Defence nor turned against them It is indeed the folly of English men that they are too little distrustful too unapprehensive of dangers and too remiss in providing against them Care should be taken that all that are able should buy Arms and that those that are not able may be provided with good Arms and be duely exercised That Kingdom is well furnished with brisk active men whose native Courage and Knowledge of the Country qualifies them for Service of which they have given good proof at Derry Inniskillen Limerick c. as also of their forwardness and zeal for their Majesties Service even beyond what England did if I may be permitted to say so The Protestants in England were more than 200 to one of the Papists yet when his present Majesty had landed with a powerful Army to rescue us from Popery and Slavery the Nobility and Gentry c. stood at gaze and it was some time before any of them appeared to own his Cause until the Lord Delamere first and then the Earl of Devon slighting all dangers appeared for the defence of the Religion and Liberties of their Country Whereas in Ireland although the Papists were five to one of the Protestants and had all the Garrisons Magazins Army and Revenue of the Kingdom in their hands yet the Protestants there first in the North then in Connaught and afterwards in Munster did expose themselves to the utmost Perils took up Arms and declared for their Majesties when no Succours appeared for them nor were indeed provided And had they then been timeously owned and supported or afterward employed according to their Merits for the Reduction of that Kingdom they had shortned that work and saved England two or three Milions of what hath and will be expended therein which was too well known to some Persons But those who wish well to King James's Interest and they whose uselesness would appear were the Kingdoms once setled were and are for doing every thing at the utmost charge that by great and continued Taxes they might if possible alienate the Hearts of the People from their Majesties and perplex their Affairs c. And to that end no doubt misrepresented both the Affairs and People of Ireland who notwithstanding all the Contempts and Reproaches cast on them and the Temptations not to say Provocations to the Contrary have almost to a man firmly adhered to their Majesties Interest For among 200000 of them upon a strict enquiry I do not hear of sixty Protestants that have taken up Arms for King James or abetted his Interest notwithstanding his Presence among them Power over them and their great Necessities which possibly if truth were known might be the true cause of their being slighted by some sort of men c. If the present Wars in Europe continue and that Ireland be once wholly subdued the putting of the Militia of that Kingdom into a good posture will save much Money to England by giving his Majesty the better opportunity to employ a greater proportion of his Army against France which otherwise must be kept in Ireland to keep the Irish in Subjection Fourthly Notwithstanding the Militia should be setled as hath been proposed yet considering the odds the Papists have of the Protestants their present Inclinations to France the Ferment that is on their Spirits c. it will be absolutely necessary for the retaining them in obedience to keep up a competent standing Army in that Kingdom Yet when the Militia shall be well setled and Armed the Popish Clergy Lawyers and forfeiting Persons banished and the rest excluded from inhabiting in any of the Cities walled Towns or Garrisons the less force will be requisite For in that case the Forces which were kept up about 1680. in times of Peace will be sufficient to secure the quiet of that Kingdom which consisted only of 1363. Horse Officers included viz. 24 Troops each consisting of a Captain at 19 l. 12 s. each Calendar Month. A Lieutenant 12 l. 12 s. A Cornet 9 l. 16 s. A Quarter Master 7 l. Three Corporals and one Trumpet 3 l. 10 s. each and 45 private Horsemen at 2 l. 2 s. each making in all per Mensem for each Troop 157 l. 10 s. per Annum 1890 l. which amounts for the whole Pay of the said 24 Troops unto 3780 l. per Mensem which is per Annum 45360 l. Allowed to the Lord Lieutenant's own Troop five Horse-men and three Trumpets more than to other Troops making per Annum 252 l. An additional pay of 3 d. per diem to each private Horse-man of the four Troops doing Duty at Dublin 756 l. A Company of Foot-Guards Armed and Clad as the Yeomen of the Guards consisting of a Captain at 15 l. each Calendar Month A Lieutenant 9 l. An Ensign 7 l. and 60 Yeomen at l. 1 s. each making per Mensem 94 l. and per Annum 1128