the Pope and to make the Emperor the principall and the Pope his minister By the obseruation of these beginnings he concluded that there was little hope in the affayres of Germany and that hee was to thinke of a defensiue that the disease might not passe to other parts of the body of the Church And because that which was past could not be yndone hee thought it not wisedome to shew it was done against his will but to make himselfe the author 1531 CLEMENT 7. CHARLES 5. HENRY 8. FRANCIS 1. He writeth to al Princes that he would call a Councell though he neuer meant it of it that he might receiue a lesse blow in his reputation Therefore he gaue an account of the things past to all Kings and Princes dispatching his letters the first of December all of the same tenour that he hoped the Lutheran heresie might be extinguished by the presence of the Emperour and that principally for that cause hee went to Bolonia to intreat him for it though he knew that of himself he was very wel affected that way But hauing receiued aduice from the Emperour and from his Legat Campeggio that the Protestants are become more obstinate hee hath communicated the whole to the Cardinals and together with them seeth cleerely that there remaineth no other remedie but that which hath beene vsed by his Predecessors that is a generall Councell Therefore hee exhorteth them to assist in the Councell that shall be called either in person or by their Ambassadours a thing so holy that hee is resolued to put it in execution so soone as it is possible intimating a generall and free Councell in some fitte place in Italie The Popes letters were knowen to the whole world because his ministers endeuoured in euery place to giue notice of them vnto all not because the Pope or the Court desired to apply their minds to a Councell from which they were most auerse but to entertaine the world that by expectation of the remedie of the abuses and inconueniences they might remaine constant in obedience Yet few were deceiued for it was not hard to discouer that to desire Princes to send Ambassadours to a Councell whereof And his collusion is discouered by many neither time nor place nor manner was resolued on was too much affected preuention But the Protestants also tooke occasion by these letters to write likewise to the Kings and Princes and the next yeere in February they framed 1531 The Protestants doe write likewise to all Princes a letter to euery one vnder a common name of all of this tenour That the old complaint of pious men against the vices of the Clergie noted by Iohn Gerson Nicolas Clemangis and others in France and of Iohn Collet in England and of others elswhere was knowen vnto their Maiesties which also happened in Germanie in these last yeers by occasion of the detestable infamous gaine which some Friars made by publishing Indulgences And passing from this to relate whatsoeuer happened vntill the last Diet they said that their aduersaries endeuoured to incite the Emperor and other Kings against them vsing diuers calumnies which as they haue withstood in Germanie so they will more easily confute in a generall Councel of the whole world wherunto they will referre themselues so that it may be such a one in which preiudices and passion may take no place That amongst the Calumnies laid vpon them this is the principall that they condemne all Magistrates and vilifie the dignitie of Lawes which is not onely not true but as they haue shewed in the Diet of Augusta their doctrine honoureth Magistrates and defendeth the strength of Lawes more then euer hath been done in other ages teaching Magistrates that their state and kinde of life is most acceptable to God and preaching to the people that they are bound by Gods commandement to giue honour and obedience to them and that he wil not leaue vnpunished the disobedient because the Magistrate hath his gouernement by diuine ordination That they haue desired to signifie these things to them Kings and Princes for cleering of themselues before them praying them not to beleeue the calumnies and to suspend their iudgements vntill those that are accused haue place to acquite themselues publiquely And therefore they will desire the Emperour that hee would call a godly and free Councell in Germanie as soone as might bee and not to vse force vntill the matter be disputed and lawfully defined The French King answered with very courteous letters in substance giuing The answere of the French King to the Protestants them thankes for communicating vnto him a businesse of so great weight he shewed them that he was glad to vnderstand of their innocencie and did approoue the instance they made that the vices might bee amended wherein they shall finde his Will to concurre with theirs that their requiring of a Councell was iust and holy yea necessary not onely for the affayres of Germany but of the whole Church that it was not honest to vse Armes where the controuersies may bee ended with treaties The letters of the King of England were of the same Tenour but that hee The answere of the King of England declared in particular that himselfe also desired a Councell and that hee would mediate with Charles to find out a meanes of composition The Emperours Decree being knowen throughout all Germanie they began immediatly to accuse the professors of the new Religion in the chamber Sentences were made in the chamber of Spirae against the Protestants and contemned of Spira some for zeale others for reuenge and some also to possesse the goods of their aduersaries Many sentences were made many declarations and many confiscations against Princes Cities and priuate men and none tooke place but some against priuate men whose goods were within the territories of Catholiques By others the sentences were contemned with great diminution of the honour not onely of the Chamber but of the Emperour also who soone perceiued that the remedie was not fitted to themaladie which increased dayly For the Protestant Princes and Cities besides that they esteemed little the iudgements of the Chamber combined themselues together prepared for their defence and fortified themselues with forraine intelligences so that it appeared that in case things went on a Warre would arise dangerous for both parties and whatsoeuer the issue was pernitious for Germany Wherefore he was willing that some Princes should interpose and find out a way of agreement To this end many heads and conditions of composition were negotiated all this yere 1531 and to giue them some conclusion a Diet at Ratisbon was appointed for the next yeere In the meane space all things remained full of suspitions and the Zuinglius taketh armes and is slaine diffidences betweene the one part and the other rather increased And this yeere also there happened a notable euent among the Suisses which composed the disputes between them For though the
by Cardinall Dandinus the Popes Minister with himselfe that hee should not part out of Italie so soone saying that as yet an Apostolique Legate could not goe into England with honour But the Letter of Dandinus not taking effect and Poole beeing in his iourney as farre as the Palatinate hee sent Diego Mendoza to stop him by authoritie It seemed strange to the Cardinall and hee complayned that the Popes Legation was hindered with the damage of Christianitie and of the Kingdome of England and ioy of Germanie Therefore the Emperour not to giue so much matter of talke made him goe to Bruxels and entertayned him in Brabant vntill the marriage was ended and all things accommodated as hee would and for colour imployed him to treate a peace betweene himselfe and the French King In the beginning of the yeere 1554. the Emperour sent Ambassadours 1554. into England to make the conclusion and the Queene proceeding to fauour the olde Religion did the fourth of March publish other Lawes restoring the Latine tongue into the Churches forbidding married men to exercise holy Functions and giuing order to the Bishops not to make them sweare who were to bee receiued into the Clergie as Henrie had appointed that the King was supreme Head of the Church of England and that the Pope had no superioritie there but was Bishop onely of the Citie of Rome Shee ordayned also that the forme of Prayer instituted by Henrie where amongst other things God is prayed to deliuer that Kingdome from sedition conspiracie and tyrannie of the Pope should be razed out of all the Bookes of Rites and forbid to bee printed In April another Parliament was held in which consent was giuen to the contract of marriage where the Queene proposed the restitution of the Popes supremacie which shee could not obtaine because the Nobilitie did resist who considered not that they did vainely denie this demaund which was vertually contayned in their assent to the marriage Philip Prince of Spaine arriued The celebration of the marriage in England the eighteenth of Iuly and on Saint Iames day the Nuptials were celebrated and hee receiued the title of the King of Naples and did consummate the Matrimonie In Nouember there was a new Parliament in which Cardinall Poole was restored to his Honour and Countrey and two were sent to inuite and accompany him with whom hee passed into the Island and arriued at London the three and twentieth of Cardinall Poole commeth to London with the crosse carried before him And maketh an Oration in the Parliment Nouember with a siluer Crosse carryed before him At his first entrie into the Parliament hee made a discourse in English before the King Queene and Orders of the Kingdome Hee thanked them very much that hee was restored to his Countrey saying that in exchange he was come to restore them to the Countrey and Court of Heauen of which they were depriued by departing from the Church Hee exh 〈…〉 them to acknowledge the errour and receiue the benefit which God by his Vicar had sent them The discourse was very long and artificiall and the conclusion was that hee had the Keyes to bring them into the Church which they had shutte by making Lawes against the Apostolique Sea which when they did reuoke hee would open the doores vnto them The Cardinals person was well accepted and an apparant assent was giuen to his Proposition though the Maior part did secretly abhorre the qualitie of a Popes Minister and were grieued to come vnder the yoke againe But they had suffered themselues to bee carried so farre that they knew not how to returne The next day the re-vnion with the Church of Rome was decreed in The manner of the re-vnion with the Church of Rome Parliament and the manner was thus set downe That a Supplication should bee made in the Parliaments name wherein it should bee declared that they were very sorrie for hauing denyed obedience to the Apostolique Sea and for hauing consented to the Decrees made against it promising to endeuour heereafter that all those Lawes and Decrees should bee abolished and beseeching the King and Queene to intercede for them that they may bee absolued from the crimes and censures and receiued as penitent children into the bosome of the Church to serue God in obedience of the Pope and Sea of Rome The last of Nouember Saint Andrewes day their Maiestics the Cardinall and whole Parliament beeing assembled the Chancellour asked the generalitie whether they were pleased that pardon should bee demanded of the Legate and whether they would returne to the vnitie of the Church and obedience of the Pope supreme Head thereof and some saying yea and the others holding their peace a Supplication was presented to their Maiesties in the name of the Parliament which beeing publiquely read they rose to desire the Legate who mette them and shewed himselfe willing to giue them satisfaction and causing the authoritie giuen him by the Pope to bee read hee discoursed how acceptable to God the repentance of a sinner was and how the Angels did then reioyce for the conuersion of that Kingdome and all being on their knees imploring the mercie of God hee absolued them which beeing done hee went to the Church with all the multitude to giue thankes to God The next day an Ambassage was destinated to the Pope to render him obedience Ambassadors are appointed to goe to the Pope for which were named Anthony Browne Vicount Mountacute Thomas Thirlby Bishoppe of Ely and Edward Cerne who had formerly beene Ambassadour in Rome for Henrie the eight and was now to bee resident there againe in that charge Aduice heereof came to Rome For which Processions are made in Rome quickly for which many Processions were made not onely in that Citie but thorow out all Italic to giue thankes to God The Pope approoued what his Legate had done and sent a 〈◊〉 the foure and twentieth of December alleadging in the â—â—ll for a cause that like the Father of the familie hauing recouered his prodigall sonne it was meeâ—e that hee should not onely-shew â—othesticall ioy but generally inuite all to the same Iubilie and hee praysed and extolled the action of the King Queene and people of England The Parliament continued vntill the midst of Ianuarie 〈◊〉 and to the ancient Edicts of the Kings to punish heretickes and of the Iurisdiction of Bishops were renewed the Primacie and all prehertinences of the Pop restored all contrary Decrees made within twentie yeeres last past 〈◊〉 would Henrie as by Edward abolished the penall Lawes against heretickes reuiued and many were burned especially Bishops who would perseuere in the reformation abolished It is certaine that one hundred seuentie and sixe persons of qualitie were burned that yeere for Religion besides many of the common sort which gaue but little content to that people who also were displeased that Martin Bucer and Paulus Fagius dead foure yeeres before were cited and condemned as if
this respect another accident was as grieuous as the former But more with the capitulations of the peace of Cambray that is the peace made at Cambray the third of Aprill betweene the Kings of France and Spaine which was well confirmed by the marriages of the daughter of Henry to the King of Spaine and of his sister to the Duke of Sauoy In which peace amongst other capitulations it was agreed that both the Kings should make a faithfull promise to labour ioyntly that the Councell should bee celebrated the Church reformed and the differences of religion composed The Pope considered how goodly a shew the title of reformation and the name of a Councell did make that England was lost and all Germany also partly by the Protestants and partly by his difference with Ferdinand that these two vnited Kings were much offended by him the Spaniards by deedes and words the French by words at the least there remayning none to whom he might haue refuge that the Cardinals were wearie of his gouernement and his people not well affected in regard of the incommodities of the warre and the taxes layd vpon them These cogitations did so afflict the old Pope that hee was vnfit to rule Hee could not holde the Consistories so often as hee was woont and when hee did holde So that hee became vnfit to rule them hee spent the most part of the time in speaking of the Inquisition and exhorting the Cardinals to fauour it as beeing the onely way to extinguish heresies But the two Kings did not agree to procure the Councell for any ill will or interests which either of them had against the Pope or Papacie but to prouide against the new doctrines which did exceedingly increase being willingly heard and receiued by all men of conscience and which was of more The progresse of the reformed religion and y e meanes vsed to suppresse it importance the male-contented and those who were desirous of innouations put themselues on that side and did dayly vnder pretence of religion make some enterprises as well in the Low Countries as in France in regard those people did loue their libertie and had commerce with Germanie as bordering vpon it In the beginning of the troubles some seedes were sowed which that they might not take roote the Emperour Charles the fifth in the Low Countries and the French King in his Kingdome made many Edicts and commanded diuers executions whereof wee haue spoken in their due places But after that the number of the Protestants did increase in Germanie and the Euangeliques did multiply amongst the Suisses and the separation was made in England by reason of the often warres betweene the Emperour and French King either partie was forced to call Auxiliaries out of these three Nations who publikely professing and preaching the Reformed religion in their quarters by their example and by other meanes diuers of the people became of their opinion It is certaine that this compelled Charles the Emperour to attempt the bringing in of the Spanish Inquisition seeing that other remedies did not preuaile though hee was partly forced to desist for the causes before related And Henry the French King gaue the Bishops authoritie to punish heretiques a thing neuer vsed before in that Kingdome And although in the Low Countries from the first Edict of Charles vntill this time of the peace there were hanged beheaded buried aliue and burned to the number of fifty thousand and very many put to death in France In the Low Countries 50000 were executed for religion in a short time and very many in France yet both places were then in worse case then euer This made the Kings to thinke ioyntly of finding a remedie by the great perswasion of the Cardinall of Loraine for the French and of Granuel Bishop of Arras for the Spaniards who being in Cambray from October vntill Aprill with other Deputies of the two Kings to treate a peace did conferre particularly amongst themselues how that doctrine might be rooted out and were afterwards the chiefe instruments of whatsoeuer did happen in both States The cause they Whereof the Cardinall of Loraine and Granuel Bishop of Arras were causes alledged to be the zeale of religion and the seruice of their Princes but it was vniuersally beleeued that it was rather ambition and a deseigne to enrich themselues by the spoyles of those who were to be condemned The peace beeing made the King of Spaine to begin to giue some order not being able to bring in the Inquisition openly thought to doe it obliquely The King of Spaine erecteth Bishoprickes in the Low Countries that hee might more easily bring in the Inquisition by the Bishops But there beeing but two Bishopricks in the Low Countries Cambray and Vtrect and the residue of the Clergie subiect to the Bishops of Germanie and France and those two Bishoprickes also subiect to forraigne Arch-bishops to whom appeales could not be denied so that he could not worke his will by meanes of them hee thought fit to free all that Clergie from the subiection of Bishops who were not his subiects and to institute three Arch-bishoprickes in those Countries Meclin Cambray and Vtrect and to erect into Bishoprickes Anwerp Balduck Gant Bridges Ipre S. Omar Namur Harlem Middleburgh Lewarden Groninghe Ruremond and Dauenter annexing vnto them for reuenewes some rich Abbies Hee caused the Pope to approoue all this by his Bull dated the ninth of May the same yeere The pretence for doing of this was that formerly those Countries beeing not much inhabited did not neede a greater number of Bishops but now the multitude of people and dignitie of the Cities did require they should bee honoured with Ecclesiasticall titles Yet the Nobilitie and Comminalty did imagine it was an art to bring in the Inquisition in which opinion they were confirmed when they saw the Popes Bull. For according to the vse of Rome to enlarge their power or profit in euery bargaine he alledged for a cause of that new institution that that Countrey was compassed and as it were besieged by Schismatiques who did not obey him the Head of the Church so that the true faith was in great danger by the fraudes and insidiations of the Heretiques if new and good Gardians were not placed ouer them This occurrence made the Nobilitie to adhere together and to thinke how to make resistance before there was meanes to compell them by force of armes Which maketh the Nobility to combine and refuse to pay tribute They resolued therefore not to pay tribute vntill the Spanish Souldiers were remooued out of the Countrey and began to incline more to the new opinion and to fauour it which caused the other troubles which shall bee spoken of But the French King desirous to make prouision that the Lutheran sect The French King entreth into the Mercuriall should not more encrease in the Kingdome vnderstanding that some of the Counsellors of the Parliament were infected with
Actes and that they may not be published without it and a copy thereof giuen vnto him After this the French Ambassadors did protest also that if they should set in any other place then next to the Ambassadors of the Emperour and before the Ambassadors of other Kings which their Predecessors haue alwayes held and namely in the Councell of Constance and the Lateran they should bee wronged and if the new place in which the Ambassador of his Catholike Maiestie did set should bring any preiudice to them or to the Orators the Fathers of the Councell representing the Church vniuersall should reduce them to the ancient order or giue them the Euangelicall admonition But the Fathers holding their peace and the Emperors Ambassadours saying nothing whose interest is common with those of France because they sit next vnto them and so preserue the ancient possession of their King the French Ambassadours in regard of the amity and alliance betweene the Catholike and most Christian Kings demanded nothing but that the Fathers of the Councell would declare that the Count his fact could not preiudice the ancient prerogatiue and perpetuall possession of his most Christian Maiestie and register this in the Actes The Oration was made in the name of the Count by Petrus Fontidonius a Diuine who said in substance That the end of the Councell drawing neere his Catholike Maiestie had sent that Ambassadour to shew himselfe readie to doe for it that which Martianus the Emperour did in the Councell The Oration made in his name of Chalcedon that is to maintaine and defend the trueth declared by the Synode to pacifie the tumults and to conduct to an happie ende that Councel which his Father Charles the fifth Emperour hath protected in its birth and growth for the cause whereof hee hath made most difficult and dangerous warres and which his Vncle the Emperour Ferdinand doeth maintaine that his King hath omitted no office of a Catholike Prince that it might be called and celebrated that he hath sent the Prelats of Spaine and most learned Doctors besides that hee hath preserued religion in Spaine that he hath hindered the entrance of heresie at all the passages of the Pirenies nor suffered it to passe to the Indies whither it hath laboured to penetrate to infect the rootes of Christianitie springing in that new world that by meanes of that King faith and puritie of doctrine doeth flourish in that kingdome so that the holy mother the Church when shee seeth other Prouinces infected with errours taketh great consolation that Spaine is the holy anchor for refuge of all her calamities Hee added would to GOD that other Catholike Princes and Christian common-wealthes would imitate the seueritie of that King in bridling the Heretikes that the Church might bee deliuered from so many miseries and the Fathers of Trent from the care of celebrating the Councell that his King maried with Mary Queene of England for no other ende then to reduce that Island to the true religion Hee repeated the late assistance sent to the King of France adding that by the vertue of his Souldiers though but few sent for defence of religion the victorie inclined to the Catholike partie Hee saide the King desired the establishment of the doctrine of religion and the reformation of manners Hee commended the Fathers because in the handling of these two they would not separate the one from the other howsoeuer great instance was made vnto them to cause them to omit the doctrine and proceed in the reformation only He said the Kings desire was they should examine well the petition more pious then circumspect of those who say that some thing ought to bee graunted to the protestants that being ouercome with kindnesse they may returne to the bosome of the Church saying that they haue to doe with persons who cannot bee bowed neither with benefits nor with pittie Hee exhorted the Fathers in the Kings name to proceede in such sort as to shew they haue a greater care of the Maiestie of the Church then of the desires of those that wander and that the Church hath alwayes vsed this grauitie and constancie in repressing the boldnesse of her enemies not to grant them so much as that which it honestly might He said the King desired that superfluous questions might be omitted and concluded that the Fathers being assembled to doe so good a worke as to cure the diseases which afflict Christendome if this were not effected posteritie would blame none but them and wonder that being able they would not also bee willing to apply the remedie Hee praised the vertues of the Ambassadour and the glorie of his house and so ended Answere was made in the name of the Synode that in their griefe for the common miseries they receiued consolation hearing the pietie of the Catholike K. related and aboue all that his promise to defend the Decrees of the Councell was most acceptable which the Emperor and other Christian Kings and Princes being willing to doe also the Synod was stirred vp to take care that The answere her actions may be answerable to their desires as it hath done already both by their own inclination and by the exhortation of the Pope alwaies imploying themselues in the emendation of maners and in the explication of the Catholike doctrine that it gaue the King many thanks as for his singular affection towards religion and good will towards the Synod so for sending such an Orato from whom they did hope for honour and assistance The Oration displeased all the Ambassadours because it was a manifest reprehension of all Princes for not imitating the Catholike King and they complained thereof to the Count who answered that those wordes did as much displease him yea that he gaue order to the Doctor to leaue them out and not to speake them by any meanes and that he would be sensible of his disobedience The French-men in Rome blamed much those in Trent for The French-men in Rome complaine of the Cardinall of Loraine consenting to the place giuen to the Spanish Ambassador They saide that Loraine for his owne interests and to gratifie the Catholike King had done this great preiudice to the Crowne of France as also because hee had counselled the Pope not to grant the King the alienation of 100000. crownes of Ecclesiasticall goods as he demanded They added that in all things he aymed only at his owne interests and therefore because neither he nor his brother did manage the money he did not care though the King should receiue none at all But the difference for precedence was not as yet well ended For howsoeuer there was a place found for the Spanish Ambassadour in the congregations the same could not bee giuen him in the Sessions Where-vpon the Legates wrote to the Pope to haue order how to gouerne themselues After the Spanish Ambassador was receiued Loraine parted to meet with the Card. of Ferrara who being arriued in Piemont found the affaires
quite altered in diuers Kingdomes and Countreys of Christendome the Grandies sometimes diuided and armed one against another sometimes ioyned in confederations and leagues the Ecclesiastikes oppressed the Protestants persecuted the Bishops of Rome as it were acting their parts and most liuely deciphered in their naturall colours If learning will content thee marke the disputations of the Theologues and the deepe discourses of the Author himselfe If policie will please thee thou shalt finde it in the consultations and treaties of Princes managed with admirable dexterity by their Ambassadors and Ministers and generally no delight will bee wanting to thee which thy curiositie can desire or any other Historie affoord But consider aboue all in what a strange manner the Conciliarie Acts of this assembly in Trent were caried By reading of those few words of thy Countrey-man Edmond Campian below in this page thou maist perceiue in what repute the Papalins doe hold it and after when thou hast read the Booke thou wilt know how much it is ouer-valued Compare thy iudicious censure with his that is partiall and thou shalt finde them to agree as white with blackenesse darkenesse with light Farewell Verba Edmundi Campiani ratione quarta reddita Academicis TRidentina Synodus quo magis inueterascet eò magis indies ebque perennius efflorescet Bone Deus quae gentium varietas qui delectus Episcoporum totius orbis qui regum rerumpublicarum splendor quae medulla Theologorum quae sanctitas quae lachrymae quae ieiunia qui flores Academici quae linguae quanta subtilitas quantus labor quam infinita lectio quanta virtutum studiorum diuitiae augustum illud Sacrarium impleuerunt The words of Edmond Campian in his fourth reason giuen to the Vniuersities THe Synod of Trent the older it waxeth the more it will flourish Good God what varietie of Nations what choice of Bishops of the whole world what splendor of Kings and Common-wealths what marrow of Theologues what sanctitie what weepings what fasts what Academicall flowres what languages what subtilties what labour what infinite reading what riches of vertues and studies did fill vp that Maiesticall sacred place TO THE MOST REVEREND FATHER IN GOD MY SINGVLAR GOOD LORD THE LORD Archbishop of Canterburie his GRACE Primate of all ENGLAND and Metropolitane and one of His MAIESTIES most Honourable Priuie Councell MOst Reuerend in Christ It may seeme strange and I am sure it is without example that of one Councell onely so large an Historie should be written and so full of all varietie of matter For in those of former ages in which the Holy Ghost did really and effectually assist the Fathers howsoeuer more Prelates and Diuines were assembled from places more remote and the actions guided by the greatest Princes of all those times yet nothing was attempted to encrease or maintaine the Heresies and abuses that raigned then nor was any thing remarkeable but the very Doctrines and Decrees themselues But after that the Bishops of Rome scorning to be Ministers and Seruants made themselues Masters and Monarkes of the Church of God the practises and inuentions of worldly men chased away the heauenly inspirations of the blessed Spirit and greater confusions and troubles did arise in handling Diuine Mysteries then did happen at any other time in negotiating the affaires of Kingdomes and of Common-wealths This hath ministred a whole Ocean of occurrences and affoorded a most copious Subiect to this present Treatise And so irresistable is the force of Truth and the Diuine Prouidence so great that howsoeuer the Romanists haue vsed all possible diligence to hinder the finding out of their vnlawfull proceedings in this Councell by suppressing all publique writings and monuments by which their treacheries and abuses might bee discouered more plainely to the eyes of the world the writer of this Historie a man of admirable learning exquisite iudgement indefatigable industrie and integritie scarcely to be matched hath been raised vp by God who out of the Diaries Memorials Registers and other writings made and preserued by the Prelates and Diuines themselues and by the Ambassadours of Princes and Republiques who were assistants herein which are the most infallible grounds that any writer can haue hath reuealed an infinite of intolerable abuses and as the prouerbe saith Cornicum oculos confixit This Booke I haue translated out of Italian into our vulgar language presuming to commend it to the royall protection of his sacred Maiestie for whose sake as some reasons induce me to beleeue it was principally composed And because I vndertooke this worke at your Graces command who haue beene the chiefest cause why the originall crossed the Seas before the iust natiuitie of it and saw the first light within his Maiesties dominions as also in regard of the high place you most deseruedly beare in the Church of God I thought it my dutie to craue your fauour likewise that as the birth of it hath beene happie by your Graces meanes so the growth may accordingly proceed and the fruit of both which is to remooue an erronious opinion of the infallibilitie of this pretended Councell may constantly endure vntill the worlds end In publishing heereof if my Pen hath not merited such praise as others might yet my desire to benefit Gods Church hath not beene wanting and my zeale to serue your Grace in whatsoeuer I am able shall neuer yeeld to any Vnto whom I wish for the publike benefit of Church and Common-wealth and for your owne particular contentment a perfect accomplishment of all your pious and honorable designes Your Grace's most obliged to doe you seruice NATHANAEL BRENT THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE HISTORY OF THE COVNCELL OF TRENT MY purpose 1500 Pope ALEXANDER 6 Emperour MAXIMLLIAN I. HENRY 7. King of England LEVVIS 12. French king is to write the History of the Councell The purpose of the Author of Trent For though many famous Historians of our age haue made mention in their writings of some particular accidents that happened therein and Iohn Sleidam a most diligent author hath related with exquisite industry the causes that went before notwithstanding all these things put together would not suffice for an entire narration For my selfe so soone as I had vnderstanding The meanes he vsed for collection of his matter of the affaires of the world I became exceeding curious to know the whole proceedings therof and after I had diligently read whatsoeuer I found written and the publique instructions whether printed or diuulged by pen I betooke my selfe without sparing either paines or care to search in the remainder of the writings of the Prelates and others who were present in the Councel the Records which they left behinde them and the Suffrages or opinions deliuered in publique preserued by the Authors themselues or by others and the letters of aduice written from that Citie whereby I haue had the fauour to see euen a whole register of Notes and Letters of those persons who had a great part
Emperours Ambassadours two yeeres since and that still they desired a lawfull Councell as they were sure that all godly men did and that they would goe to it as many times hath beene determined in the Imperiall Diets But for the Councell which the Pope hath appointed to bee in Mantua they hoped that the Emperour would not breake the decrees of the Diet nor his owne promises so often made vnto them that the Councell should bee celebrated in Germany and that they saw not how there could bee any danger there seeing that all the Princes and Cities obey the Emperour and are so well gouerned that all strangers are receiued and entertained with all humanity But that the Pope should prouide for the securitie of those that went to the Councel they could not see how especiall considering what things haue happened in the precedent age That the Christian Commonwealth hath neede of a godly and free Councell and that to such a one they haue appealed And whereas the Nuncio sayd that they ought not to treat of the manner and forme first it signified nothing but that there should bee no libertie and that all should bee referred to the Popes power who already hauing so often condemned their religion the Councell cannot bee free if hee shall bee Iudge That the Councell is not the tribunall of the Pope and Priests onely but of all the orders of the Church not excluding the Seculars That to preferre the Popes power before the authoritie of the whole Church is an vniust and tyrannicall opinion That the Pope defending the opinion of his owne men yea with cruell edicts making himselfe a party to the cause it is iust that the manner and forme of the processe should bee determined by the Princes The Kings of England and France sent Ambassadours to the assembly of The King of England and the French King send Ambassadors to Smalcalda Francis Sforza dieth Smalcalda the French King who had a disseigne to make warre in Italy Francis Sforza Duke of Milan beeing now dead desired them not to accept of any place for the Councel without the aduise of him and of the King of England and that they would accept of none without them The King of England aduised them to be aware that they called not such a Councel where in stead of moderating the abuse they should more establish the Popes authority and desired them to approoue his diuorce On the other side they dealt with him to receiue the Augustan confession Which things being treated of in diuers assemblies had no conclusion at all But Vergerius in the beginning of the yeere 1536. returned to the Pope to 1536 relate the effect of his Ambassage Hee deliuered in summe that the Protestants 1536 PAVL 3. CHARLES 5. HENRY 8. FRANCIS 1. would not receiue any Councell except it were free and in a fitte place within the confines of the Empire grounding themselues vpon the Emperours promise and that of Luther and his complices there was no hope at all nor any other way to be thought of but to oppresse them with warre Vergerius for his reward had the Bishopricke of Capo d'Istria his owne Countrey and was sent by the Pope to Naples to make the same relation to the Vergerius returneth and deliueceth to the Pope the effect of his negotiation He is rewarded and sent to the Emperour Emperour who hauing beene victorious in Africa was passed into the kingdome to settle the affaires thereof The Emperour hearing the narration of the Nuncio went to Rome Hee had priuate conference with the Pope concerning the affaires of Italy and the pacification of Germanie The Pope according to Vergerius counsell said there was no meanes to bee vsed but warre But the Emperor seeing the time not ripe as yet to reape from thence The Emperour goeth to Rome to conferre with the Pope that good fruit as others were perswaded he might and himselfe also intangled in Italy without possibility of being free but by yeelding Milan which he resolued by all meanes to make his owne whither all his actions did principally tend alleaged for a reason to deferre that warre that it was more necessary to defend Milan from the French men On the other side the Pope whose thoughts were wholly bent to make an Italian Lord of that State and therefore proposed the warre of Germanie not so much to suppresse the Lutherans as hee said openly as to diuert Caesar from possessing Milan which was his principall end though secret replyed that himselfe and the Venetians what by armes and what by treaties would more easily make the King desist in case his Imperiall Maiestie did not meddle The Emperour hauing discouered the inward thoughts of the Pope The Pope and Emperor haue contrary ends and dissemble one with another with as much dissimulation made shew hee was perswaded and inclined to the warre of Germanie yet hee said that it was fit to iustifie the cause well that the whole world might not be against him and to shew by intimating a Councell that hee had first vsed all other meanes The Pope was not sory that being necessarily to intimate a Synode it should be done in a time when in regard the French King had inuaded Sauoy and Piemont all Italy would bee set on fire with warre whereby an apparent pretence was giuen him to enuiron the Councell with armes vnder colour of custody and protection He The Emperor is puffed vp with the African victorie shewed himselfe to bee contented so that such conditions were set downe which might not derogate from the authority and reputation of the Apostolique Sea The Emperour who by reason of the victory atchieued in Africa was lifted vp in minde and swollen with vast thoughts beleeued hee should make an end of the warre in Lombardy within two yeeres at the most and that hauing immured the King of France beyond the mountaines hee might apply himselfe to the affaires of Germany without any impediment His meaning was the Councell should serue him for two things First to bridle the Pope in case during the warre of Italy hee should according to the custome of other Popes put himselfe on the French side when that should bee the weaker to counterpoise him that was victorious Secondly to reduce Germany to his obedience which was the marke he shot at But for the Popes obedience hee esteemed it but an accidentall thing For the place Mantua pleased him and for the rest hee cared not what condition the Pope might adde considering that when the Councell were assembled he should be able to change whatsoeuer pleased him not Therefore he concluded that he was contented with any condition so that the Councell might bee celebrated alledging that he hoped to perswade almost all Germanie to consent vnto it Wherefore the resolution was established by the Pope and the whole colledge of Cardinals A resolution established for calling the Councell Therefore the Emperour entering into the publike
iusticed they should doe their businesse with too much feare Notwithstanding the Pope forsooke not his resolution but found a temper neuer vsed by any of his predecessors to lift vp the thunderbolt with his hand and to threaten to shoote yet to hold it without flinging it abroad and so to satisfie the Cardinals the Court and others and not to put the Papal authoritie in hazard Therefore he framed a Processe and most seuere sentence against that King the thirtieth of August 1535. and withall suspended the publication during his pleasure Yet secretly he let the copie goe into the hands of some that hee knew would cause it to bee deliuered to the King dispersing the rumor of the Bull that was framed and the suspension with fame that very suddenly hee would remooue the suspension and come to publication yet with deseigne neuer to proceede so farre And though hee wanted not hope that the King either for feare of the excommunication framed or by the inclination of his people or by the satietie of punishments vsed against those that disobeyed his Decree would induce himselfe or by the mediation of the Emperour or French King when by reason of the occurrences of the world hee should bee constrained to vnite himselfe with either of them would bee induced to yeeld yet he was principally mooued by the forenamed cause that he might not shew the weakenesse of his weapons and more confirme the King in his separation But in the end of three yeeres hee changed his purpose by reason of the prouocation which the King seemed to vse against him by sending out manifests against all his callings of the Councell and by opposing his actions though without particular offence of his person and lastly by hauing prosecuted cited condemned S. Thomas of Canterbury for a traitour to the The King of England senteneeth S. Thomas Bec 〈…〉 kingdome with confiscation of goods whom Alexander the third canonized in the yeere 1171. for being slaine in defence of the Ecclesiasticall power and liberty whose solemne feast the Church of Rome doth annually obserue which sentence was executed by taking the bones out of the graue which were publikely burned by the hangman and the ashes sprinkled in the riuer putting his hands into the treasures ornaments and reuenues of the Churches dedicated to him which was to touch a secret of the Popedome of farre greater importance then the matter of the Councel Whereunto ioyning some hope which hee conceiued from the conference with the French King which was that he would assist the malecontents of England so soone as hee was free from the warres with the Emperour the 17. of December he brandished the thunder-bolt of excommunication made three yeeres before and opened his hand to cast it forth which all this while was readie to doe it The causes alleadged were in substance these The diuorce obedience The causes of the excommunication and the punishments taken away the death of the Cardinall of Rochester and the proceeding against S. Thomas The punishments to the King were depriuation of his Kingdome and to his adherents of whatsoeuer they possessed commanding his Subiects to denie him obedience and strangers to haue any commerce in that kingdome and all to take armes against and to persecute both himselfe and his followers granting them their states and goods for their prey and their persons for their slaues But how much the Popes Briefe was esteemed and his commandements The excommunication was generally contemned obserued the leagues confederations peaces treaties which by the Emperour French King and other Catholique Princes were made with that King doe euidently declare In the beginning of the yeere 1539 new controuersies being raised in 1539 Germanie about religion and perhaps by men ofbad intentions who vsed it but for a pretence there was an assembly held in Francfurt whither the An assembly is helde in Francfurt about religion Emperour sent a commissioner and after long disputation there it was by his consent concluded the 19. of April that there should bee a conference in Noremberg the first of August to create quietly and louingly of Religion 1539 PAVL 3. 1. C 〈…〉 15. HENRY 8. 3. F 〈…〉 where on the one side and the other besides the Doctors other persons of wisedome were to be present sent by the Emperour King Ferdinand and other Princes to superintend at the colloquie and deale betweene the parties and what was determined by common consent should be signified to all the orders of the Empire and ratified by the Emperor in the next Diet. The Catholikes would haue the Pope intreated to send also some person to the conferent 〈◊〉 but the Protestants thought it contrary to their protestation and therefore it was not done This newes of the assembly being arriued at Whereat the Pope was much offended Rome the Pope was offended as well because there should be a treatie about Religion in Germanie as because it derogated from the credit of the Councell intimated though hee cared very little to haue it celebrated and more particularly because there was a dispute to admit of one to bee sent by him and in the end his authoritie wholly reiected Therefore hee suddenly dispatched into Spaine the Bishop of Monte Pulciano whose principall message was to perswade the Emperour not to confirme yea rather to annihilate the Decrees of that Diet. The Nuncio had a great and long instruction first to complaine grieuously He sendeth a Nuncio to the Emperor of the demeanor of Iohn Vessalius Archbishop of London his Commissary who forgetting his oath made to that Sea and infinite Benefits receiued from the Pope and the instruction giuen him by the Emperour had consented to the demands of the Lutherans with preiudice of the Apostolique Sea and dishonour of his imperiall Maiestie That London was corrupted with gifts and promises the Citie of Ausburg hauing giuen him 250. thousand Florins of gold and the King of Denmarke promised him 4. thousand Florins yeerely out of the fruits of his Archbishoprique of London which was taken from him That he thought to take a wife and forsake the Church A Citie in Denmarke and had neuer entred into holy orders The Nuncio had commandement to shew to the Emperour that if the things which London had graunted were confirmed by him they would shew that hee was not a sonne of the Apostolique Sea and that all the Catholique Princes of Germanie complained thereof and were of opinion that his Maiestie would not confirme them Hee gaue order also to propose vnto him his interests concerning the Dutchie of Ghelderland and the election of the King of the Romans to moue him the more putting him also in minde that hee could not haue Germanie at his disposition by tolerating the Lutheran heresies as London and others did perswade For it is a thing long since knowen that principalities cannot in likelihood be preserued where Religion is lost or where two religions are suffered
exclude the Arch-bishop of Collen sent two Commissaries to assemble all the orders of his Sate and to cause them to abandon him and to receiue for their Arch bishop Prince Adolphus his coaiutour yeâ—lding obedience and swearing side litievnto him The Cleargie was readie to doe it for the causes before recited but the Nobilite and Ambassadours of the Cities refusing saying they could not abandon a Prince vnto whom they had sworhe The Duke of Cloues bordering vpon him sent to the Arch bishop and caused 〈◊〉 â—â—of the Nobilitie to go thither also to pray him to find a mea 〈…〉 that the whole State might not bee dissolued with the great dammage of the neighbour 1547 PAVL 3. CHARLES 5. EDVVARD 6. FRANCIS 1. Who doth generously renounce his state Countries The Arch-bishop mooued with compassion to free the State from warre and that the innocent people might not suffer did generously renounce the State and absolue his subiects from the oath and so Adolphus was receiued for his successor whom he had alwaies loued as his brother and communicated to him whatsoeuer hee had done for reformation of the Church who was now of another opinion either because hee was truely changed or for some other respect In February newes came to Trent of the death of the King of England Thanks giuen to God and great ioy in Trent for the deâ—th of the K. of England which happened the moneth before The Fathers gaue thankes to GOD and went almost all to the Bishop of Worcesten congratulating that himselfe and the kingdome were as they sayd deliuered from the tyrannie of a cruell persecutor saying it was a miracle that he had left a sonne of but nine yeeres of age that he might not be able to tread in his Fathers steps And it is true that hee did not tread in them all For Henry though he had wholy taken away the Popes authoritie and punished his adherents capitally yet hee did euer constantly retaine all the residue of the doctrine of the Church of Rome But Edward for so his sonnes name was gouerned by his Vncle on the mothers side the Duke of Somerset who was inclined to the doctrine of the Protestants changed religion as shall be said in its place The Popes letters being come the Cardinall Sancta Croce was of opinion that it was good to mollifie the Prelates combined by granting some of the petitions which were granted from Rome thinking they would easily bee pacified with that determination The Cardinall of Monte sayd that to condescend to an inferior especially to a multitude was to make them pretend a greater satisfaction that first he would try his friends when he found he was fortified with the greater number hee would not retire an inch but if he found it otherwise hee would vse art After many discourses as it hapneth betweene Colleagues Sancta Croce yeelded to Monte who was more passionate They receiued aduise that the absent Prelates would bee returned before the end of February whose minds were sounded and many of them were found to adhere to the Pope These being confirmed with hope and others ensnared with the same baite that the Pope would take notice of euery A decree containing 15. heads is proposed in Congregation ones merit they caused the decree to be made with fifteen heads and proposed it in Congregation By this greater difficulties were raised In the Proheme by this exception Sauing alwaies the Apostolicall authoritie in all things Euery foole saw at what it aymed and that it inferred a pertinacious obstinacie in the abuses which they ought to remedie by preseruing their causes Yet none durst oppose but the Bishop of Badacoz who said it had need of declaration because And is there opposed the Councell ought not nor could impeach the authoritie of any much lesse of the Apostolike Sea acknowledged for Head of all the Catholiques But it seemed that the words there placed did signifie that in Rome the proceeding should be in those things as before and that the moderation should not haue power ouer dispensations and other inuentions by which the authoritie of the old Canons hath beene alwayes weakened In defence of the exception it was said that the Lawes of Councels are not as the Lawes naturall where equitie and rigour are the same thing that they are subiect to the common defect of all Lawes which by reason of their vniuersalitie ought to be moderated by equitie in cases not foreseene when it would bee vniust to put them in execution But because there is not alwayesa Councell to which recourse may be had nor it being possible to attend this when there is one the Popes authoritie is necessarie It was replyed that though all Lawes haue the defect of vniuersalitie yet all were published without exceptions that so they should now doe or otherwise it were as much as to say that ordinarily and not onely in rare cases and not foreseene the Pope might dispence with the contrary This opinion was not openly approoued by all who in their conscience But the opposers are 〈…〉 ced thought it true whereupon the Legat Monte taking courage sayd it was a subtiltie not to attribute as much to the Apostolike Sea as they were bound and so he made them all silent The Bishop of Badacoz demaunded that mention should bee made in that Proheme that the Article of residencie was not quite left off but deferred onely The Legates answered that this was a distrust of their promises and a vaine Obligation to doe that which was alwayes in their power Yet to satisfie so great a desire hee sayd it should bee added in the Proheme that all was decreed in prosecuting the point of residencie which they had begun whereby it would appeare that it was not ended in the other Session and that part did remaine to be handled Concerning the Heads of the qualities of Bishops and other Curates the Discourses aboue the qualiues of Bishops and Curates Arch-bishop Torre saide that they did not onely remedie the corruptions brought in but did weaken the ancient remedies For with such generall termes of age manners knowledge abilitie and worth euery one might bee canonized for an able man and to alleadge the decrees of Alexander was to nullifie all other Canons which prescribe other conditions For when one is alwayes named and the others purposely concealed it seemeth that there is some derogation to these that it was necessarie to say plainely what this grauitie of manners and knowledge of letters is which if it Were done euery Courtier would bee excluded for euer That the manners requisite are well repeated by Saint Paul and yet not regarded The learning and Doctorship which Paul requireth is the knowledge of Christian Doctrine and of the holy Writ that Honoriâ—s the third is not to be imitated who depriued a Bishop of the lower Saxâ—â—e because hee had not learned Grammar nor euer read Donatuâ— For the glosse saith he could not teach
it was necessary to make vse of that reseruation prolonging the Session now and not celebrating it to morrow The prorogation pleased all the Fathers the Cardinall added that hauing considered much of it they were not able to set downe a certaine day whereon to rest that when they were in Trent thinking to dispatch the Decree of Iustification in fifteene dayes they were faine to sweate in the businesse seuen moneths together oftentimes making two Congregations euery day that where the question is of faith and confounding the heretikes one ought to goe with leaden feete and often to employ much time in discussing a little word that one cannot know whether it will be necessary to celebrate the Session within few dayes or not within many moneths therefore that his opinion was to prorogue it during pleasure of the Councell and that this resolution was vndoubtedly the best And if any say that the prefixed time beeing knowen one might better dispose of his businesse these may assure themselues that it will appeare within few dayes what course and progresse the Synode is like to haue All were content it should be prorogued during the Councels pleasure and so they had leaue to depart The Prelats of Germany assembled in the Diet the very same day wrote The Prelates assembled in the Diet write to the Pope to restore the Synode to Trent to the Pope for so the Emperours pleasure was demanding that the Councell should be brought backe to Trent In the letter was mixture of prayers and threats It expounded the bad estate and danger of Germanie against which prouision might haue been made if the remedy of the Councell had been applyed in time and held in Germany as was desired For hauing ample iurisdictions they could not long remaine in remote places for which cause none went to Mantua or Vicenza and but few to Trent a Citie which belongeth also rather to Italy especially in time of warre Now all things beeing in peace they conceiued great hope that the shippe was safe in the hauen when beyond all expectation they vnderstood the Councell in which all their hope consisted was translated to another place or rather diuided Therefore beeing depriued of this remedy there did nothing remaine but to haue recourse to the Apostolique Church praying his Holynesse for the safetie of Germany to restore the Councell to Trent which if he did there was no seruice which hee might not promise himselfe from them and that otherwise they knew not whither to flee for ayde against the mischiefes and dangers that were imminent that therefore hee would vouchsafe to consider of their demaund and thinke that if hee made not prouision it was very possible they should thinke of other courses to put an end to these difficulties Praying his Holinesse to take their Letter in good part being compelled to write thus by their owne duety and by the condition of the times Moreouer the Emperour vsed all diligence that all should submit to the The Emperor obtaineth of the Princes and Granuel of the Cities a conditionall submission to the Councell Councell vrging praying and desiring them to relie vpon his credit His prayers to the Elector Palatine were a kinde of threats in regard of his former offence lately pardoned Maurice Duke of Saxonie was necessarily to yeeld because of so great benefits newly receiued from his Maiestie and because hee desired the enlargement of the Landgraue his wiues father Therefore the Emperor hauing promised they should haue due satisfaction and desiring them to trust vnto him they finally consented were followed by the Ambassadors of the Elector of Brandeburg and by all the Princes The Cities refused because they thought it very dangerous to submit themselues indifferently to all the Decrees of the Councell Granuel did negotiate very much and very long with their Ambassadors holding them obstinate in refusing what the Princes had approued adding some threats to condemne them in a greater summe then they had already payd Therefore they were compelled in fine to condescend to Caesars will yet with caution of obseruing the promises Being called before the Emperour and demanded if they would conforme themselues to the resolution of the Princes they answered they should be too bold if they went about to correct their answere and withall gaue vp a writing which conteined the conditions with which they would receiue the Councell This was taken but not read and they were commended in the Emperours name by his Chancellour for that they had referred all to Caesar as others had done and relied vpon him and the Emperour himselfe made shew to bee well pleased with it so the one and the other party was willing to be deceiued The Cardinall Sfondrato fayled not of his duety in proposing many aduantages The negotiation of Card. Sfondrato with the Emperour to the Emperour in case hee would consent to the Councell in Bolonia he shewed him in what confusions England was beeing vnder a King who was a childe whose gouernours were at variance and people in distrust one of another because of religion he discouered vnto him the intelligence which the Pope held in that Kingdome all which should bee to his fauour and that hee would assist him in that enterprise with men and ships and would giue him leaue to make vse of the Ecclesiasticall rents of all his States The Emperour knew the Popes aime was to intangle him in a new enterprise and so to trouble him in that which hee had already brought to a conclusion Therefore hee answered that hee would bee vnited with the Pope in religion but in point of warre was resolute to proceede alone and not to be his Captaine who would abandon him in the best time of seruice as he had done in the warre of Germanie And on the other side he proposed diuers aduantages to the Pope in case hee would consent to the returne of the Councell to Trent The Legate hauing answered he had no commission herein the Emperour sent indiligence the Cardinall of Trent to the Pope to negotiate the restitution of the Councell and other particulars which shall bee related The Pope hauing heard him often and not beeing able to discouer his intention did finally answere him that hee should speake hereof in the Consistery The Cardinall hauing the ninth of December in presence of the whole And of the Cardinall of Trent with the Pope Colledge declared what paines and dangers the Emperour had vndergone onely to maintaine the dignity of the Councelll and how finally by this diligence and authority hee had induced all the Princes and States of Germanie to adhere and submit themselues vnto it hee prayed his Holinesse in the name of Caesar Ferdinand and the whole Empire that for the loue of God he would cause the Bishops who were at Bolonia to returne to Trent to finish the necessary worke beginne and would bee pleased to send one or two Legates into Germany with full Pontificall power not
calumnies raised against him that he procured a schisme when he demanded a Councel in Trent to vnite Christendome and for Piacenza that it was a member of the Dutchie of Milan many yeeres vniustly vsurped by the Popes and if they haue title to it let it bee shewed and hee will not faile to doe iustice The Pope seeing his spirituall weapons would doe no good without the temporall changed his opinion and sought to make a strong League against the Emperour wherein he found many difficulties not being able to perswade the Venetians to enter into it and the Frenchmen requiring the consent of the Consistory in regard of the Popes decrepite age and a pawne of money which the Pope was not willing to lay downe in regard of the great charge he was at fearing it would be greater for which cause he had layd as great burthens His Holinesse endeauoureth to make a strong league against the Emperor but finding difficulties in it knoweth not what to doe on his subiects as they were able to beare and sold and pawned as much as he could and giuen order for granting of all sorts of dispensations and fauours to whomsoeuer would giue money to supply the wants of the Apostolique Sea For the Councel he was most resolute not to let it bee out of his owne Territories and besides other vrgent reasons that of his owne and the Popedomes reputation was added that the Emperour should not compell him But he knew not how to induce him and Germany to giue consent To let it vanish sometimes seemed good vnto him and sometimes not and he often discoursed thereof with the Cardinals both in Consistory and priuately But finally hee resolued to put to hazard the determination for which hee knew he was insufficient not onely for the reasons before alleaged but for other weightie respects which passed in Germany For Caesar at the returne of the Cardinall of Trent to Ausburg vnderstanding the Popes minde and the answere hee gaue to Mendoza at the end of December which caused him to giue ouer for the Protestation as hath beene sayd and thinking that the Pope by requiring the restitution of Piaconza sought to diuert all speech of the Councell was assured that so long as he liued either the returne would not be or the resolution would bee protracted and therefore thought fit before he disarmed to set Germany at peace in matters of religion Hereof a proposition was made in the Diet and order taken The Emperor resolueth to settle a peace of religion in the Diet. that choyse should be made of persons fit for this good worke Those were chosen who were esteemed the best who not agreeing all was referred to Caesar Hee elected three Iulius Flugius Michael Sidonius and Iohannes Islebius These after long consultation composed a forme of Religion which was often examined reuiewed and changed first by themselues and then by diuers persons vnto whom the Emperor caused it to be shewed Therefore a forme is composed called the Interim and some of the principall Ministers of the Protestants were also called that they might approoue it But it had so many alterations additions and diminutions that it appeared to be the worke of many men who had contrary ends Finally it was reduced into that forme in which it now is the Legate sent a copie thereof vnto Rome by the Emperours consent who was willing to vnderstand the Popes opinion and by the counsell of the maior part of the Prelates who seeing the controuersies betweene the Pope and the Emperour feared that the Emperour would obey him no longer a thing much abhorred by them for the inbred and inueterate opinion of the Dutchmen to maintaine the dignitie of the Pope which is the only counterpoise of the Emperours authoritie whom without his assistance they were not able to resist if according to the vse of ancient Christian Princes they would keepe them within their bounds and remooue the abuses of the renowned libertie of the Clergie The Booke contayned twentie fiue heads Of the state of man in innocencie Of the state of man after sinne Of the redemption by CHRIST Which contemeth 25. heads Of Iustification Of the fruits thereof Of the manner how it is receiued Of charitie and good workes Of beliefe of the remission of sinnes Of the Church Of the signes of the true Church Of the authoritie thereof Of the Ministers of the Church Of the Pope and Bishops Of the Sacraments Of Baptisme Of Confirmation Of Penance Of the Eucharist Of extreame Vnction Of Order Of Marriage Of the Sacrifice of the Masse Of the memory intercession and inuocation of Saints Of the Communion Of the Ceremonies and vse of the Sacraments To recite here the substance of them would be too long tedious and vnprofitable because the consequences which began from that Doeth not continue long booke lasted not long It had the name of the Interim prescribing what to beleeue vntill all was established by a generall Conncell When the copie came to Rome euery one was amazed first in generall that a temporall Prince in a secular assembly should meddle with religion and not in one Article onely but in all The learned called to minde the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Zeno the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Heraclius and the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Constance and what diuisions these Imperiall constitutions in matter of religion made in Christendome And is censured in Rome and said that vntill then there were three names vnluckie to the Church bringing into it many diuisions vnder pretence of vnitie to which might be added this fourth the Interim of Charles the fifth They doubted that this beginning of the Emperour would end where Henry the eight King of England did arriue to declare himselfe Head of the Church which would haue so much more compasse as Spaine Italy Germany and other adiacent Countreys were greater then one Island which in appearance did make shew to containe one Catholike doctrine but was very farre from it Descending to particulars they reprehended that in the points of originall sinne iustification the Sacraments Baptisme and confirmation the doctrine determined by the Councell was not set downe and that collection being made to bee obserued vntill the Councell in regard the Councel concerning those points was made already what else could bee said but that it was precisely to be obserued But to haue published another doctrine was to annihilate the Counsell and that the Emperours cunning was more to be suspected then euer seeing that hee made so earnest a request that the Councell should returne to Trent and did at the same time take away all authority from whatsoeuer was constituted by it They condemned the whole body of that doctrine for that it contained ambiguous speeches which superficially considered did receiue a good sence but inwardly were full of poyson that in some parts it did purposely stand onely vpon the generall that the Lutherans might expound
will not giue but receiue lawes referring to the conscience of his Nuncij to remit something of the old discipline if they thinke it may be done without publique scandall giuing them Faculty to absolue fully in both 〈…〉 persons though Kings and Princes Ecclesiastical and Regular Colledges and Communities from all excommunications 〈…〉 and euen from temporall punishments incurred for 〈…〉 though they bee relapsed it and to dispence 〈…〉 for 〈◊〉 and 〈…〉 absoluing the◠〈…〉 and homagâ—â— made 〈…〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for 〈…〉 s 〈…〉 and to absolâ—◠〈◊〉 the Re 〈…〉 from 〈…〉 giuing 〈◊〉 to 〈…〉 bi 〈…〉 〈…〉 fasting dayes by the counsell 〈◊〉 the corporall Physition or spirituall onely or without any if it 〈…〉 and to moderate the number of feastes and for those 〈…〉 the communion of the Chalica if they will humbly de 〈…〉 is 〈…〉 that the Church doth not erre in denying it to the Laitie to grant it vnto them for life or for so long as they shall thinke fit so that it be done neither in the same time nor place with that which is done by decree of the Church Hee granted them power also to vnite Ecclesiasticall Benefices to Studies Schooles or Hospitals and to absolue the vsurpers of Ecclesiasticall mooueable goods after the restitution of the immooueables compounding also for the fruits vsurped and mooueables consumed with authoritie to communicate these Faculties to other persons of note This Bull passed in all places beeing printed vpon the occasion which Which is censured in Germany shall bee related and affoorded matter of discourse First for the proheme where the Pope said that in the troubles of the Church hee was comforted by the remedy left by CHRIST that the Corne of the Church winnowed by Satan should bee preserued by the faith of Peter especially after hee had applyed the remedy of the generall Councell as if the Church had no foundation but vpon him and sixty persons of Trent Then they thought it a great presumption to restore Kings and Princes to honours fame and dignity There was also obserued a contradiction to absolue from vnlawfull oathes which need no absolution and from true oathes no man can absolue And it was thought another contradiction to grant the Chalice onely to him who beleeueth the Church doth not erre in forbidding it to the Laâ—tie For how is it possible to beleeue so and to desire not to be comprehended in the prohibition But they could not forbeare laughing when they read the condition to absolue the Friars who forsooke their cloysters to weare the habite couered as if the kingdome of GOD did consist in a colour or vestment which being not worne in shew yet it was necessary to haue it in secret But though the Nuncij were soone deputed yet their dispatch was deferred vntill the next yeere because the Emperour was not pleased with the manner of it in which no mention was made to assist or authorize the prouisions Why the dispatch of the two Nuncij was deferred made by him neither would the Pope euer bee perswaded that any minister of his should be present The Emperour beeing parted from Ausburg vsed all diligence that the The Emperors Interim doth please neither the Protestants nor the Catholiques Interim might bee receiued by the Protestant Cities but found resistance and difficulty euery where because they did detest it more then the Catholiques They sayd it was a totall establishment of the Papacie Aboue all they found fault with the doctrine of Iustification and that the communion of the Cup and marriage of Priests was questioned Iohn Fredericke Duke of Saxony though prisoner said freely that GOD and his conscience vnto which hee was bound aboue all did not permit him to receiue it Where it was admitted diuers accidents varieties and confusions did succeed so that it was brought into some places diuersly with so many limitations and conditions that one may say it was rather reiected by all then accepted by any Neither did the Catholiques care to helpe forward the businesse because they did not approoue it themselues That which did hinder the emperor most was the modest liberty of a little weake Citie which desired him that being Lord of their goods and life hee would suffer that their conscience might belong to GOD that if the doctrine proposed to them were receiued by himselfe they should haue a great example to follow But if his Maiestie would compel them to accept of and beleeue that which himselfe thought not true they knew not how it could be done In September the Emperor went into low Germany where he found greater difficulties For the Cities of Saxonie vsed many excuses and 〈◊〉 did oppose with a kind of scorne Wherefore it was 〈◊〉 by the Emperour and sustained a long warre that maintained the fire aliue in Germaniâ— which burned his Trophees as in its place shall bee saide By reason of this confusion and to giue order that the flemings should sweare 〈◊〉 to his sonne the Emperour quitting Germany went into Flanders and though he seuerely forbad that the doctrine And 〈…〉 〈◊〉 against by both of the Interim should be impugned by any or written taught or preached against yet many Protestants did write against it And the Pope thinking it fit for his affaires to doe it gaue order to 〈…〉 Generall of the Dominicans that assembling the most learned men of his order by their opinion and paints hee should make a strong and sound confutation Many in France wrote against it also and in a short time there was as it were a whole quodron of Writers against it Catholiques and Protestants especially of the Hanse-townes And that did follow which doth ordinarily happen to him that will reconcile contrary opinions that he maketh them both agree to impugne his and euery one more obstinate in defending his owne There was also some cause of diuision among the Protestants For those A diuision among the Protestants who had in part yeelded to Caesar against their wills and restored the old ceremonies excused themselues and said that the things done by them were indifferent and by consequence that did not concerne their saluation to reproue or receiue them and that it was lawfull yea necessary to tolerate some seruitude when no impiety was ioyned with it and therefore that in these the Emperour was to be obeyed Others whom necessitie had not compelled said it was true that indifferent things concern not saluation yet by meanes of them pernicious things are brought in and going on they framed a generall conclusion that Ceremonies and Rites though by nature indifferent doe become then bad when he that vseth them hath an opinion Which was neuer well reconciled that they are good 〈…〉 And hence arose two Sects and afterwards more differences amongst them which were 〈◊〉 well reconciled And in England there were no lesse 〈◊〉 for Religion For Edward Earle of Harford 〈◊〉 by the 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 〈…〉 King hauing Troubles in
onely in Rome but throughout all Italie of the immense number of the Christians in those parts and how much the lists of the Apostolique Sea were enlarged And particularly they spake of the great number of Churches in the Citie Muzal which they sayd was the old Assur vpon the riuer Tigris from which Niniue renowmed for the preaching of Ionas was not farre distant situated beyond the riuer Vnder this iurisdiction they put Babylon Tauris and Arbela famous for the battaile betweene Darius and Alexander with many Countreys of Assyria and Persia They found also the ancient Cities named in the Scripture and Ecbatan which the stories doe call Seleucia and Nisibi They sayd that this man elected by all the Bishops was sent to the Pope for confirmation accompanied with seuenty persons as farre as Ierusalem and from thence by three of whom one died and another remained sicke in the iourney and the third called Calefi came with him to Rome All these things were printed and very curiously read The Pope receiued another also named Marderius a Iacobite of Assyria sent by the Patriarch of Antioch to acknowledge the Apostolique Sea and giue it obedience and make profession of the Romane faith But the world beeing satiated with the former did not care for this second After these shadowes of obedience which the Sea of Rome gained there succeeded one reall and of great importance which did abundantly recompence The King of England dieth whatsoeuer was lost in Germanie The sixt of Iuly 1553 Edward King of England died of the age of sixteene yeeres Fifteene dayes before he made a Will with approbation of his Councell wherein hauing declared that it did belong to him to name the Successour according to the lawes of the Kingdome he excluded his sisters Mary and Elizabeth because their legitimation was doubted of and all the posterity of Margaret his fathers elder sister as strangers not borne in the kingdome and named her Queene who followed in order that is Iane of Suffolke grand-childe to Mary formerly Q. of France and younger sister to his father Henry 8. by her daughter notwithstanding that the sayd Henry had in his last Will substituted Mary and Elizabeth which substitution hee sayd was pupillary and did not binde him now hee was of age Iane was proclaimed Queene in London and Mary retiring her selfe into Iane is proclaimed Queene Norfolke that shee might commodiously passe into France if there were occasion named her selfe Queene also and was finally accepted by all the kingdome alleadging in her fauour the Testament of Henry and that of a Matrimony contracted bona fide though there bee a nullity in it the issue is legitimate Iane and her adherents were imprisoned and Mary entred into But Mary obtaineth the Crowne London and was receiued with a generall applause and proclaimed Queene of England and France and had the title of Head of the Church Shee presently set the prisoners at liberty which her father had put into the Tower 1553 IVLIVS 3. CHARLES 5. Q. MARY HENRY 2. A sedition in London about Religion partly for Religion and partly for other causes A little after her entry there arose a sedition in London by occasion of one who tooke the boldnesse to preach Popery and of another who did celebrate the Masse To appease this trouble which was very considerable the Queene caused an Edict to be published that she would liue in the Religion of her Ancestors and therefore would not permit that any thing should bee preached to the people but that which formerly had been Afterwards the eleuenth of October shee was crowned with the vsuall ceremonies The Pope aduertized hereof considering that shee was brought vp in the Catholique Religion interrested in the respects of her mother and cousin by blood vnto the Emperour hoped he might make some entrie into the Kingdome and therefore did make Cardinall Poole his Legate thinking because hee was of the blood royall and The Pope maketh Cardinall Poole his Legat for England of an exemplary life he was the onely instrument to reduce that Kingdome to the Church of Rome The Cardinall who had been banished by publique Decree and depriued of his honour thought it not fit to begin the enterprise before he fully vnderstood the state of things beeing assured that the maior part was still deuoted to the memory of Henry Hee therefore sent into England secretly Giouanni Francesco Comendone to enforme him and wrote a Letter to the Queene in which commending her perseuerance in Religion in the times of her troubles hee exhorted her to continue in the times of her happinesse recommended vnto her the saluation of the soules of those people and the restitution of the true worship of GOD. Comendone hauing obserued euery particular and found meanes to speake with the Queene though compassed and garded on euery side perceiued shee had neuer beene auerse from the Romane faith and had promise from her that shee would labour to restore it into the whole Kingdome which the Cardinall vnderstanding put himselfe into the voyage In England after the Coronation a Parliament was held in which the A Parliament is held the diuorce of Henry the 8. declared to be vnlawfull diuorce of the Queenes mother Katherine of Aragon was declared to be vnlawfull the marriage good and the issue legitimate which was obliquely to restore the Popes supremacie in regard it could not be good without the validitie of the dispensation of Iulius the second and by consequence not without the supremacie of the Sea of Rome It was ordained also that all the constitutions in matter of religion made by Edward should be abrogated and Popeâ—y is established that religion obserued which was in vse at the death of Henry In this Parliament they treated of marrying the Queene though shee were aboue fourty yeeres of age and three were named Poole who had not taken holy Orders And the marriage of the Queene is treated on though he was a Cardinall and Courtney both of the blood Royall and first Cousins of Henry the eight in an equall degree this of the white Rose grand child of Edward the fourth by his daughter and that of the red Rose Nephew to Henry the seuenth by his sister both acceptable to the Nobilitie of England Poole for wisedome and sanctifie of life and Courtney for his louing behauiour and carriage But the Queene preferred Philip Prince of Spaine before these aswell for the treaties made by her cousin Charles the Emperour her affection also inclining much more to the mothers side then to the fathers as because shee thought shee might better secure her owne and the Kingdomes peace with that marriage The Emperour who did much 1554 IVLIVS 3. CHARLES 5. MARY HENRY 2. Vntil the coÌ„clusion wherof the Emperour hindreth Poole in going into England desire to effect it fearing that Poole might disturbe it by his presence in England knowing hee was departed Legate made meanes
that occurre they thought fit to deferre this vntill another time they might treate of vsing other meanes They knew not how to make vse of a Nationall Councell because the maner forme and name of them were disused The Colloquies whereof they had often made proofe did no And proposeth a Colloquie good because both parties aymed more at priuate gaine then publique pietie and vtilitie Yet hee sayd they were not to be despised now if they would lay aside the obstinacie of their priuate affections and counselled them to trye them once more if the Diet did not propose a better way This proposition was made by Ferdinand with others concerning the peace and warre with the Turkes that it might passe through Germanie and serue to inuite men to the Diet to which very few were come But it was ill expounded in regard of his former Edict published in his States much contrarie to this proposition and more in regard of the execution of it hauing chased more then two hundred Preachers out of Bohemia And it went to Rome also where the Pope cursing as hee vsually did the Which displeaseth the Pope Colloquies and inuentors of them complayned that there was no end of these difficulties and that hee was to haue a Councell a Colloquie or a Diet alwayes on his backe Hee blamed those times for beeing so full of troubles praysing former ages when the Popes might liue quietly not beeing in feare of their authoritie Yet hee was comforted by the perfect subiection of England to his obedience by the decrees made in his fauour by the Who is consolated with the obedience of England Letters of thankes which hee receiued and with the promise that a solemne Ambassage would come ere long to thanke him personally for his fatherly clemencie and benignitie and to promise him obedience Wherewith beeing well pleased hee could not choose but iest and sayd that hee did enioy some part of happinesse in that hee was thanked by those vnto whom he owed thankes But though the Pope had little hope of Germanie yet not to neglect it nor any ouerture that might bee made in proposing meanes to reduce to the Church those that wandred hee sent Cardinall Morone for his Legate Hee sendeth Cardinall Morone to the Diet. to the Imperiall Diet with instructions euer to lay before them the example of England and by that to exhort Germanie to know their disease and receiue the same cure and aboue all to diuert all Colloquies and treaties of religion The Cardinall was no sooner arriued in Ausburg but Pope Iulius died whereof hee receiued aduise eight dayes after He therefore departed And dieth presently after the last of March together with the Cardinall of Ausburg to assist at the election of the new Pope Before they came Marcellus Ceruinus Cardinall de Santa Croce was Marcellus Ceruinus is created Pope and reteineth his name elected Pope in Rome the ninth of April a man graue and seuere by nature and of a constant minde which he was willing to demonstrate in the first action of his Papacie by retaining the same name shewing the world that his dignitie had not changed him contrarie to that which so many of his predecessors had done For after the changing of the names began because Dutch men were made Popes to whose names Romane eares were not accustomed all that followed obserued the same vse signifying thereby that they had changed their priuate affections into publique and diuine cares But this Pope to shew that in his priuate estate hee had thoughts worthy of the Popedome would by retaining the same name shew his immutabilitie Another action of his also was like to this For the capitulations made in the Conclaue beeing presented to him that hee might sweare to them hee answered it was the same thing which hee had sworne a few dayes before and that he would obserue it by deedes and not by promises The holy weeke which then was celebrated and Easter holy dayes approching put the Pope by the assiduitie of Ecclesiasticall ceremonies into an indisposition Yet his thoughts were still fixed on the things hee had disseigned with many Cardinals before his Popedome to which hee did euer thinke hee should ascend and particularly hee imparted his purpose to the Cardinall of Mantua to compose the differences of Religion by a Councell which hee sayd did not formerly succeede well because a good course was not taken That it was necessary He purposeth to make a reformation first to make an intire reformation by which the reall differences would bee accorded which beeing done the verball would partly cease of themselues and partly would be composed with some small paines of the Councell That his Predecessors for fiue successions abhorred the name of reformation not for any bad end but because they were perswaded that it was set on foote to pull downe the Papall authoritie But his opinion was contrary and that nothing could more preserue it then that yea that it would bee a meanes to enlarge it For obseruing things past euery one might see that onely those Popes who haue made reformations haue aduanced and inlarged their authoritie That the reformation did not alter any thing but that which was for shew and vanitie not onely of no moment but of charge and burthen as ryots pomps great traines of Prelates excessiue superfluous and vnprofitable charges which doe not make the Papacie venerable but rather contemned which vanities being cut off the true power reputation and credit with the world will increase together with the reuenue and other sinewes of gouernement and aboue all the protection of God which euery one may assure himselfe doth worke in conformitie of ones proper duetie These dissignes published in Court were by his wel-willers adorned And is censured by the Court. with the titles of Pietie loue of Peace and Religion but some that were emulous sayd the end was not good that the Pope did ground himselfe vpon Astrologicall predictions following his fathers steps who became great by that profession which as some times either by chance or otherwise they succeede so for the most part they are occasions of the fall of many Amongst the Popes particular dissignes one was to He purposed to institute a religion of an hundred persons institute a Religion of an hundred persons like vnto a Caualarie of which himselfe would be Head and make the election taking them out of any other Religion or state of persons euery one of which should haue yeerely fiue hundred crownes out of the Chamber should take a very solemne and strict Oath of fidelitie to the Pope should not bee assumed to any other degree nor haue any more reuenue except for their deserts they were created Cardinals in which case they were not to forsake the compunie These onely hee would imploy for Nuncij and ministers of businesses Gouernours of Cities Legates and in all other occasions of the Apostolique Sea And many
of 80. yeeres and made Pope did wholly addict himselfe to pomp and pride and endeauoured to set all Europe on fire with warre In the beginning of the yeere 1557. the Duke of Guise passed into Italy 1557. The Duke of Guise passeth into Italy with an army with his armie in fauour of the Pope who to obserue the promise of his nephew made to the French King made a promotion of 10. Cardinals which not beeing according to the meaning and the end agreed on neither for the number nor qualitie of the persons his excuse was that hee was so The Pope createth ten Cardinals neerely conioyned with his Maiestie that his dependants would bee as seruiceable to the King as the Frenchmen themselues and that he might assure himselfe that they were all for him and that he could not then make a greater promotion seeing the number was so great already arriuing to 70. which would quickely bee diminished by remoouing some rebels and putting honest men in their roomes which hee meant of those who were already in the Castle and others against whom he had a desseigne as well for matter of State as of Religion For hee was not so intent to the warre as that he did The Inquisition is the principal mysterie of the Papacle Card. Morone and the B of Morlena are imprisoned And Card. Poole depriued of his Legation abandon the businesse of the Inquisition which he said was the principall secret and mysterie of the Papacie He had some information against Cardinall Morone that he held intelligence in Germanie and did imprison him in the Castle deputing foure Cardinals to examine him seuerely and Egidius Foscararus Bishop of Modena as confederate with him Hee depriued also Cardinall Poole of his Legation of England and cited him to appeare in the Inquisition at Rome hauing alreadie imprisoned his inward friend as one of his complices Thomas S. Felice Bishop of Caua And that hee might not pretend to stay in England vnder colour of his Legation and the affaires of those Churches hee created Cardinall at Whitsuntide William Peto Bishop of Salisbury and made him Legate in the place of Poole And although the Queene and King testifying what seruice hee had done to the Catholique Faith made earnest intercession for him yet the Pope would neuer remit one iote of his rigour Cardinall Poole obeyed laying aside the administration and ornaments of a Legat sending Ormaneto to Rome to giue an account of his Legation but himselfe parted not out of England alledging the Queenes commandement because neither shee nor the King thinking the Pope was passionate would consent that hee should goe In England many were scandalized for it and aliened from the Pope and many Wherewith many were offended in Rome thought it a calumnie inuented to reuenge himselfe for the truce betweene the two Kings treated by him being Cardinall and Legate without imparting it to him And the opposition which hee made against him in the Conclaue to hinder him from being Pope was thought to haue no better ground The new Legat a man of great integritie had the same conceits who though hee tooke vpon him the name of Legat not to anger the Pope yet in nine moneths that he liued after he had the crosse of the Legation hee did neuer exercise the Charge but bare the same respect towards Poole as before The Duke of Guise being come into Italy made warre in Piemont with purpose to continue it in Lumbardie and so to diuert the armes taken vp against the Pope But the Popes ardent desire to assaile the Kingdome of Naples did not permit him The Frenchmen knew the difficulties and the Duke of Guise with some principall Commanders went to Rome by post to make the Pope vnderstand what the reasons of warre did perswade In whose presence all being consulted on and the Popes resolution not giuing place to any other deliberation it was necessary to yeeld vnto him Yet they did nothing but assault Ciuitella a place situated at the entry into the Prouince The Duke of Guise receiueth a repulse by default of the Caraffi of Abruzzo where the armie had the repulse and Guise complained much that the Caraffi had not made the prouisions which they had promised and were necessary In summe the Popes armes as well his owne as auxiliarie were not much fauoured by God But in the midst of August the army of the Duke of Alua approaching Rome not afraid of the French which 1557 PAVL 4. FERDINAND MARY HENRY 2. The Pope is terrified by the approaching of the Duke of Alua The battell of S. Quintin was entertained in Abruzzo and the Pope vnderstanding the surprize and sacke of Signea the slaughter of many and the danger in which Pagliano was he related all in Consistorie with many teares adding that he did vndauntedly expect martyrdom the Cardinals marueiling that he should paint out the cause to them who vnderstood the trueth as if it had bin of CHRIST whereas it was profane and proceeded from ambition and say it was the principall sinew and mystery of the Papacie When the Popes affaires were in the greatest straits the French Kings Army had such a great ouerthrow neere to S. Quintin that hee was forced to recall the Duke of Guise and his forces for the safety of the Kingdome letting the Pope know his ineuitable necessitie giuing him leaue to take what counsell seemed best for him and sending him backe the hostages The Pope refused to let Guise returne whereupon there beeing a great contestation Maketh the French King recall the D of Guise and his forces Whom the Pope disimsseth with bad tearmes betweene them the Pope not able to keepe him bid him goe seeing hee had done little seruice to the King lesse to the Church and none at all to his owne honour In the end of that moneth the Duke of Alua approached Rome which he had taken but for want of courage His retreat was ascribed to the basenesse of his minde who publikely sayd that hee feared that if Rome had been sacked the Armie would haue been scattered and the Kingdome The Duke of Alua might haue taken Rome and did not exposed to danger without forces or defence But secretly hee said that beeing in the seruice of a King who bare great reuerence to that place hee refrained to doe it because he knew not whether the action would haue been approoued Finally a composition was made the fourteenth of September betweene Alua and the Caraffi the warre hauing continued a whole But made a base composition with the Pope yeere In the capitulations the Pope would not haue Colonna nor any of his subiects comprehended nor any word inserted to shew that hee had offended in imprisoning the Emperours Ministers but maintained most constantly that the Duke of Alua ought to come to Rome to aske pardon and receiue absolution saying plainely that before hee would loose one iore of this due for so
the fifth and in the meane while if hee had commission from his Master to depart he might doe it and protest what he thought fit Therefore the Ambassador hauing made his protestation departed Who hauing made a protestation departeth from Rome And although Charles died the same yeere the 21. of September yet it was impossible to remooue the Pope from this resolution The number of those who call themselues Reformed being now increased in France their courage did increase also and there being a custome amongst the people of Paris in the Summers euenings to goe out of the Suburbes of S. German in great multitudes to take the fresco and to folace themselues with diuers kindes of sportes those of the new Religion in stead of doing so began to sing the Psalmes of Dauid in French verses The multitude first laughed at the nouitie then leauing the sports ioyned themselues vnto the singers And the number of those who came to that place began to increase more then vsually The Popes Nuncio told the King of this nouitie as of a thing pernicious and dangerous because the ministeries of religion vsually celebrated in the Church in the Latin tongue by religious men onely were put into the mouth of the common people in the vulgar language which was an inuention of the Lutherans telling him that if he did not resist the beginnings in a short time all Paris would be Lutheran The King gaue order that the principall authors should bee proceeded against wherein they went not very far hauing found Antony king of Nauar and his wife in that number But for hereafter it was forbid vpon paine of death The Religion in England was also much changed this yeere The Queene 1558 PAVL 4. FERDINAND PHILIP 2. ELIZABETH HENRY 2. Mary Queene of England dieth And Elizabeth is crowned died the seuenteenth day of Nouember and Cardinall Poole the same day which stirred vp many who were not satisfied with the former gouernement to restore the reformation of Edward and to separate themselues wholly from the Spaniards which they did the rather because King Philip to hold a foote in England had treated to marrie Elizabeth sister and successor of Mary to Charles his sonne and when there was little hope of the life of Mary hee had also cast foorth diuers words that hee would take her for his owne wife But the new Queene being wise as shee shewed her selfe to bee in all her gouernement did first secure the Kingdome by oath that she would not marrie a stranger and was crowned by the Bishop of Carlile an adherent to the Church of Rome not making any open declaration what doctrine shee would follow disseigning so soone as shee was setled in her gouernement to establish it by the counsell of the Parliament and of learned and godly men and to make a constant reformation of the state of Religion Therefore shee exhorted the chiefe of the Nobilitie who desired a change to proceede without tumult assuring them that shee would not enforce any Shee caused presently an account to bee giuen to the Pope of her assumption with letters of credence written to Edward Cerne who was Ambassadour to her sister and was not departed from Rome But the Pope proceeding according to his vsuall rigour answered that that Kingdome was held in Fee of the Apostolike Sea that shee could not succeede beeing With whom the Pope doth presently contest illegitimate that hee could not contradict the declarations of Clement the seuenth and Paul the third that it was a great boldnesse to assume the name and gouernement without him that for this shee deserued not to bee heard in any thing yet beeing desirous to shew a fatherly affection if shee will renounce her pretensions and referre her selfe wholly to his free disposition hee will doe whatsoeuer may bee done with the honour of the Apostolike Sea Many did beleeue that as he spake thus by his own inclination so he was incited by the French King who fearing a marriage betweene her and the King of Spaine might be made by the Popes dispensation thought fit to assure himselfe by cutting off the practises in the very beginning But the new Queene vnderstanding the Popes answere and wondring at the mans hastie disposition thought it not profitable either for her or the Kingdome to treate any more with him So that the cause ceasing shee gaue the Nobilitie leaue to consult what was fit to bee done for the seruice of God and quiet of the Kingdome A disputation was held in Westminster in presence of all A disputation is held in Westminster in matter of religion the States betweene learned men chosen on both sides which began the last of March and lasted vntill the thirtieth of April and a Parliament being assembled to this end all the Edicts of Religion made by Mary were abolished those of her brother Edward restored obedience taken away from the Pope the title of the Head of the Church of England giuen to the Queene the reuenues of the Monasteries confiscated and assigned some to the Nobilitie and some to the Crowne the Images taken out of the Churches by the people and the Romane Religion banished Another accident happened also For in the Diet of Ausburg it appearing by the actes of the Colloquie the yeere before dissolued without fruit that there was no hope to doe any good by that meanes Ferdinand tolde them hee would procure the generall Councell to be restored exhorting all to submit themselues to the Decrees thereof as beeing the way to remooue differences The protestants answered that they would consent to a Councell called not by the Pope but by the Emperour to bee held in Germanie in which the Pope should not preside but should submit himselfe to the iudgement thereof and release the Bishops and Diuines of their oath in which also the Protestants Ferdinand promiseth to procure a generall Councell should haue a deciding voyce and all should bee determined according to the holy Scripture and whatsoeuer was concluded in Trent should be reexamined which if it cannot be obtained of the Pope yet the peace of Religion should be confirmed according to the agreement of Passau hauing knowen by too manifest experience that no good can bee drawen from any Popish Councell The Emperour knowing the difficultie to obtaine of the Pope a grant of the things proposed and that now hee had no meanes to negotiate with him in regard of the controuersie about the resignation of Charles and his succession he confirmed the accord of Passau and the Recesses of the Diets And confirmeth the accord of Passau following The Pope hauing cut off all meanes to treate with the Emperour and Germanie knew not what to say to this Yet hee was more displeased with Wherewith the Pope is much displeased their discourse concerning the Councell then with the libertie granted by the Recesse beeing resolute not to call any Councell but in Rome whatsoeuer should happen In
of heresie and others said it was much to bee suspected at the least and others that it was offensiue to godly eares They said hee had taken occasion to doe it in absence of the Cardinall of Loraine who would neuer haue endured those termes and that his end was to dissolue the Councell that hee did attribute to Kings more then belongeth to them that hee inferred that the Popes authority is not necessary for the vsing of Church goods that hee made the French King like to the Queene of England But nothing did so much offend as that hee said that the authority of the French Kings ouer persons and goods Ecclesiasticall was not founded vpon the Pragmatique Concordates and priuiledges giuen by Popes but vpon the law of Nature holy Scripture ancient Councels and lawes of the Christian Emperours The French Ambassadours were reprehended also because they did not follow the steps of the Emperours and Spanish Ambassadors who though they had the same interests made not such a commotion because they knew there was no reason for it De Ferrieres defended himselfe said that the Legates had promised the Cardinall of Loraine that this matter should not bee spoken of but with such moderation as that it should not touch the affaires of France which was not performed that the Kings instruction had beene imparted to the Cardinall who if he had beene present would not onely haue consented to but counselled Protestation that those were great Ignorantes who hauing seene nothing but the Decretals Lawes of foure hundred yeeres did thinke that there were 〈◊〉 Ecclesiasticall lawes before them that if any would reforme the King by the Decretals he would reforme them by the Decrees and lead them also to more ancient times not onely of Saint Austine but of the Apostles also that he did not make the French King as the Queene of England but did oppose them who haue begunne long since to enlarge their owne authority by di 〈…〉 ing the Kings that if those Articles did so much damnifie the Emperour and Catholique King as they doe France they would neuer haue beene proposed and therefore he was not to take example by those who haue not equall interests The Arch-bishop of Sant and the Abbat of Claraual were distasted most of all who went vp and downe saying that the Ambassadours had done ill to protest and that their end was to make a confusion and giue occasion for a Nationall Councel in France that they were men not well affected creatures of the King of Nauarre sent by him to the Councel for his owne deseignes had protested without the Kings commission that it was fit to make them shew their instructions to frame an Inquisition against them as not hauing a good opinion in matter of faith Where in great differences did arise between the Ambassadours and them The next day the Ambassadors gaue the King an account of the causes why they had deferred the protestation vntill then and how they were forced at that time to come vnto it adding that they would deferre the registring of it in the acts of the Councell vntill his Maiesty had seene it and commanded them what they should doe The Legats not hauing a copie of the Oration made a collection of it by the memory of those who had beeene most attentiue to send it to the Pope of which de Ferrieres hauing gotten a copie complained that many things were expressed against his intention and in particular where hee named Ecclesiasticall lawes it was repeated spirituall lawes and that Kings might take Church goods at their pleasure whereas hee had sayd onely for necessary cause By this he was forced to giue foorth his Oration and sent a copie of it to Rome to the Cardinall of Loraine excusing himselfe for not hauing vsed words of such acrimony as he was commanded in the last instructions and in the first which are reconfirmed in those adding also that he thought it necessary to obey the King and was not willing to vndergoe the reprehensions of the Counsellors of Parliament who would haue taxed him if in a Generall Councell matters of so great importance had beene determined against that which hath beene by them so exactly maintained besides the Kings authority which hee defended hauing beene vpheld foure hundred yeeres by the Kingdome of France against the war in opposition of it made by the Court of Rome it was not iust that the Fathers of the Councell the greater part of whom are Courtiers should be Iudges of the ancient differences which the kingdome hath with that Court He gaue a copie of the oration to the Ambassadors also and to as many as did desire it and some saide that he had pronounced it otherwise then it was written Whereunto hee replyed that that could not bee said by any that had any meane vnderstanding of the Latine and that howsoeuer it was the same pronounced and written yet if they thought otherwise they must remember that the stile of the Synod was neuer to iudge of things as they were deliuered in voyce but as they were exhibited in writing and therefore they should moue no controuersie herein or if they would himselfe was to bee beleeued before any other The oration being published it was answered in the name of the Synod And answered by a namelesse man Hee said that the French Ambassadours had reason to compare themselues to the Ambassadours of the Iewes because they had both made an vniust complaint against GOD and that the same answere might be giuen them which the Prophet gaue to that people in the name of GOD that if they had fasted and lamented so many yeeres or ate and drunke all was for their owne interests that the Kings of France were cause of all the abuses of that Kingdome by naming to Bishoprickes vnlearned persons ignorant in Ecclesiasticall discipline and more inclined to a lasciuious then to a religious life that the French-men would not haue a resolution in the controuersies of faith that Christian doctrine might allwayes be vncertaine and place might be giuen to new masters who might rub the itching eares of that vnquiet Nation that they spared not to say in those turbulent times that it belonged to the King though very yong as yet to dispose of all the gouerment of the Church that they had sayd with asseueration that beneficed men had onely the vse of the reuenues whereas in France time out of mind they haue carried themselues for Vsufructuaries making Testaments and receiuing inheritances from their kinsfolke who die intestate that to say the poore are owners of the reuenues was much contrary to another saying in the same oration that the King is Patron of all Ecclesiastical goods and might dispose of them at his pleasure that it was a great absurdity to say that the King might not bee reprehended by a generall Councell seeing that Dauid was reprehended by the Prophet Nathan and tooke it in good part that it did
by the waters side Oh monstrous extraordinarie madnesse Nothing could bee ratified which the Bishops as if they had beene the common people did Decree vnlesse the Pope made himselfe the author of it An Epistle written by IOHN IEWELL Bishop of Sarum vnto one Seign r SCIPIO a Gentleman in Venice in answere of an expostulatory letter of his concerning the Councell of Trent 1 SIr according to that intimate acquaintance Which hath been betweene vs euer since wee liued together at Padua you beeing imployed in the affaires of your Common-weale l in my studies you write vnto me familiarly that your selfe and many others there with you wonder that since a Generall Councell at Trent hath been summoned by the Pope for the setling of Religion and remoouing of Controuersies and seeing alreadie all other Nations from all parts are there assembled The Realme of England alone hath neither sent any Ambassadours thither nor by any message or letter excused their absence but without any Councell hath altered almost all the forme of the old ancient Religion the former whereof as you say argues a proud stubbornnesse the other a pernicious Schisme For it is a superlatiue crime for any man to decline the most Sacred Authoritie of the Pope of Rome or being called by him to a Councell to withdraw himselfe As for the Controuersies about Religion that it is not lawfull to debate them other where then in such Assemblies For there be the Patriarches and Bishops There bee the learnedst men of all sorts from their mouthes the trueth must be required There bee the lights of each Church There is the Holy Ghost That all godly Princes if any doubt had risen concerning Gods worship still referred it to a publique consultation That Moses Ioshua Dauid Ezechias Iosias and other Iudges Kings Priests did not aduise concerning matters of Religion elsewhere then in an assembly of Bishops That Christ's Apostles and the Holy Fathers held Councels That by this meanes the Trueth displayed her beames Heresies were subdued so was Arrius vanquished so Eunomius so Eutiches so Macedonius so Pelagius And that by the same meanes the present distractions of the world may be composed and the breaches of the Church made vp again if contentions and factions layd aside we would come to a Councell without which nothing can lawfully be attempted in Religion 2 This in effect was the summe of your Letter I doe not now take vpon mee to answere you in the behalfe of the Realme of England by what aduice â—â—â—ry thing hath beene done neither doe I thinke that you expect it from mee or desire it The Counsels of Kings are hidden and secret and so ought to bee You know the old saying nor euery where nor to all nor to all sorts of people Yet 〈◊〉 â—ur old and intimate acquaintance because I see you desire it so earnestly I will briefly and freindly shewe you what I thinke but as hee salesâ— as farre as I Knowe and am able and I doubt not but that will satisfie you 3 Wee wonder say you that no Ambassadours from England come to the Councell I pray you Sir doe Englishmen onely not come to this Councell Were you your selfe present at the Councell Did you take a muster of them Did you count them by the Poll Did you see that all other nations were mett from all parts except onely the English If you haue such a mind to wonder why doe not you wonder at this too that neither the three memorable Patriarchs of Constantinople Antioch and Alexandria nor Presbiter Iohn nor the Grecians Armenians Persians Egyptians Mores Ethiopians or Indians come to the Councell For doe not many of these people beleeue in CHRIST Haue they not Bishops Are they not baptized in the name of CHRIST Bee they not Christians and so called Or did there come Ambassadours from all these nations to the Councell Or will you rather say that the Pope did not call them or that your Ecclesiasticall Decrees take no hold of them 4 But wee wonder more at this that the Pope would afterwards call such men to a Councell whom before hand hee had condemned for Hereticks and openly pronounced them excommunicate without hearing either them or their plea. For that men should bee first condemned and punished and afterwards brought to their triall is absurd and as we say The cart before the horse But I would faine bee resolued of this whether the Popes meaning be to aduise in the Councell concerning Religion with vs whom he accounts Heretiques or rather that wee should plead our cause at the Barre and either change our opinion presently or out of hand bee condemned againe The former is without example and denied heretofore by Iulius the third to those of our side The other is ridiculous if hee thinke so that the English will come to the Councell onely to bee indited and to pleade for themselues especially before him who long since is charged with most heynous crimes not onely by our side but also by their owne 5 Now if England onely seeme to you thus stubborne where then bee the Ambassadours of the King of Denmarke of the Princes of Germanie of the King of Sueden of the Suitzers of the Grisons of the Hanse Townes of the Realme of Scotland of the Dukedome of Prussia Seeing so many Christian Nations are wanting in your Councell it is absurd to misse in your reckoning onely the English But why doe I speake of these The Pope himselfe comes not to his owne Councell and why doe you not wonder at that also For what a pride is this for one man for his owne pleasure to assemble together all Christian Kings Princes and Bishops when hee listeth and to require them to bee at his call and himselfe not to come in their presence Surely when the Apostles summoned assemblies at Ierusalem Peter the Apostle of whose Sea and Succession they brag would not be absent But as I conceiue Pius the fourth the present Pope remèmbreth what happened heretofore to Iohn the 22 that hee came not in a very happy houre to the Councell of Constance for hee came Pope but returned Cardinall Therefore since then the Popes haue prouided for themselues in the rere and kept home and haue withstood all Councels and free disputes For aboue fourty yeeres since when Doctor Martin Luther was cursed by the Pope with Bell Booke and Candle because he had begun to preach the Gospell and to reforme Religion out of GOD's word and had humbly requested that his whole cause might bee referred to the cognisance of a Generall Councell hee could haue no audience For Pope Leo the tenth did see well enough if the matter should come to a Councell that his owne state might come in danger and that hee might perchance heare what he would not willingly 6 Indeede the name of a Generall Councell carries a faire shewe so it be assembled as it ought and affections layde aside all things bee referred to the rule of Gods word
Churches by a nationall Councell 31 For wee know that the spirit of God is tied neither to places nor to numbers of men Tel it to the Church saith Christ not to the whole Church spread ouer the world but to a particular which may easily meet in one place Wheresoeuer saith he two or three shall bee gathered together in my name there am I in the midst of them When Paul would reforme the Churches of the Corinthians and of the Galatians he did not command them to expect a Generall Councell but onely wrot vnto them that what error soeuer or vice was amongst them themselues should presently cutt it off So in times past when Bishops did sleepe or intended by-matters or did defile and pollute the Lords Temple God did alwaies extraordinarily rayse vp some men of great spirit and courage who made all well and sound againe 32 For our selues wee haue done nothing but with very good reason nothing but what wee sawe to bee lawfull and to haue beene practised by the Fathers of the primitiue Church without any reprehension at all wherfore wee called a full Synod of Bishops and by common consent of all sorts purged our Church as it were Augeus his stable of those excrements which either the negligence or the malice of men had brought in wee haue restored all things as much as possibly wee could to the ancient puritie of the Apostolicall times and the similitude of the primitiue Church This was iustly in our power to doe and because wee could doe it wee did it boldly 33 Here I thinke it fit that you should heare what Pope Gregory the first hath written concerning this matter which pleaseth mee the more because hee wrote it to Augustine Bishop of the English about the institutiō of the Church of England Hee exhorteth him not to call a Councell but to ordaine that which he himselfe in his own wisdome did thinke would most promote pietie and religion Your brotherhood sayth hee knoweth the Custome of the Romane Church in which you haue been brought vp It pleaseth mee to heare that you haue beene carefull to make choyce of as many things as you can finde acceptable to GOD either in the Church of Rome France or of any other that you may bring them into the English Church which is as yet but new in faith and as it were but now to bee framed For things are not to bee valewed because of the place where they are found but places are to bee valewed for the things that are in them 34 So the Fathers in the Councell of Constantinople write to Damasus Bishop of Rome and to the other Westerne Bishops You know say they that the old Decree and definition of the Nicen fathers concerning the care of particular Churches hath alwayes been in force that the husbandmen of the Lord's vineyard in euery Prouince taking their next bordering neighbours vnto them if they please should bestowe Ecclesiasticall honours vpon those whom they thinke will vse them well The Bishops of Africa wrote thus to Celestinus Bishop of Rome Let your Holinesse as becommeth you take away all wicked euasions of Priests and inferiour Clergie-men because none of the Fathers haue denied this to the Church of Africa And the Decrees of the Nicen Councell doe most plainely referre not onely meane Clergie men but euen the Bishops themselues to their Metropolitans For businesses are best ended in the places where they are neither is the grace of the Holy Spirit wanting vnto any Prouince Let this equitie be wisely obserued and constantly maintained by the Ministers of CHRIST 35 Eleutherius Bishop of Rome writeth to Lucius King of Britannie much better and more appositely to our present purpose You haue saith he desired that wee should send you the lawes of the Romans and of the Emperours that you may make vse of them in the kingdome of Britannie These lawes wee may abrogate when we will but the lawes of God we cannot You haue receiued by God's mercie into your kingdome of Britannie the law and faith of CHRIST you haue there the Old and the New Testament from them take through the grace of God lawes by a Councel of your owne kingdome and God permitting you instruct your kingdome of Britannie by them For you are Gods Vicar in that kingdome according to that of the Psalmist The earth is the Lords 36 What should I say more Victor Bishop of Rome held a prouinciall Synod at Rome Iustinian the Emperor commandeth that Synods if there were occasion should be held in euery Prouince protesting to punish them if they did not doe it Euery prouince saith Hierom hath peculiar maners and rites and conceipts which cannot be altered without a great deale of trouble What should I repeat those old prouinciall Councels at Eliberis Gangra Laodicea Ancyra Antioch Tyrus Carthage Mileuitum Tholouse Burdeaux This is no new inuention The Church of God was so gouerned before the Fathers met in the Nicen Councel men did not presently run to a general Councel Trophilus held a prouinciall Councel in Palestina Palmas in Pontus Irenaeus in France Bacchylus in Achaia Origen against Berillus in Arabia I omit many other National Councels held in Africa Asia Graecia Egypt without any order from the Bishop of Rome which Councels were godly Orthodox and Christian For Bishops in those times vpon the sudden if any occasion had been offred did prouide for the necessity of their Churches by a domesticall Councell and somtimes craued ayd from their neighbor Bishops so that they mutually helped one the other Neither did Bishops onely beleeue that the cause of Religion belonged to them but euen Princes too For to passe ouer Nabuchadnezar who commanded vpon paine of death that the name of the God of Israel should not be blasphemed to omit Dauid Solomon Ezekias Iosias who partly built partly purged the Temple of the Lord Constantius the Emperour put downe Idolatrie without a Councell and made a most seuere edict that it should be capitall to sacrifice to Idols Theodosius the Emperour caused the Temples of the heathen Gods to bee pul'd to the very ground Iouinian so soone as he was created Emperour made his first law for the restoring of banished Christians Iustinian the Emperour was wont to say that hee had no lesse care of Christian Religion then of his owne life When Iosua was made ruler of the people he presently receiued command concerning religion and the worship of God For Princes are nursing Eathers of the Church and keepers of both tables Neither is any greater cause that hath mooued God to erect politique States then that alwaies there might bee some to maintaine and preserue Religion and pietie 37 Princes therefore now a dayes doe more greiuously offend who indeede are called Christians but sit idly follow their pleasures and patiently suffer impious worships and contempt of God leauing all vnto their Bishops whom they know to make but a mocke of Religion as if the care of the
the assistants in Councell 554 Salmeron the Iesuite proceedeth by faction in matter of faith 555 Laynez Generall of the Iesuites spendeth a whole congregation in a discourse concerning the Institution of Bishops 609 610 611 His suffrage concerning dispensations 721 Fauors done to him in Councel by the Legats 721. 722 The Iesuites doe professe to liue by begging but will not be bound to it 799 They make vse of the negligence of the Fathers in Councell to raise their order to more greatnesse 801 Images and their doctrine 806 Index is disputed on 474 475 502 a Decree made concerning it 480 Indulgences when they began to bring money to the Popes coffers 4 a plenary Indulgence granted by Vrban the second and Leo the tenth 4 the profit of the Indulgences of Saxonie is granted to the Popes sister 5 The doctrine of Indulgences was neuer well vnderstood before Luther wrote against them 6 foure different opinions concerning them and all Catholique 22 The Councell dareth not handle Indulgences exactly 801 The Decree concerning them 812 an Indulgence granted by the Legates in Trent without authority 113 In quisition brought into Naples 271 and into the Low-Countreys 300 the office of Inquisition is mainly promoted by Paul the fourth 409 the Inquisition should haue beene brought into Milan which causeth a great tumult there and in the Councell 757 758 Intention of the Ministers to doe as the Church doeth whether it be necessarie in Baptisme and the other Sacraments 240 241 c. Interim or peace of religion is made in Germanie 62 It displeaseth both Papists and Protestants 294. Is abrogated 379 Iohn Tancherel is condemned in France for maintaining that the Pope may depose kings 463 464 Ireland is made a kingdome by Pope Paul the fourth which title it had long before 392 Ispruc is taken by the Protestants 378 Iubile published in Rome 130 And in Trent 203 Another Iubile celebrated in Rome for ioy of the determination to celebrate the Councell 435 Iulius the 2. Pope was more a souldier then a Clergie man 3 Iulius the 3 created Pope 298 Is more inclined to pleasure then businesse createth a yong Car. of vnknown parents 299 Restoreth the Councell to Trent 302 303 Is aliened from the Emperour 371 Suspendeth the Councell 376 Maintaineth his reputation by the Patriarke of Armenia 382 383 Reioyceth for the restitution of the obedience of England he dieth 389 Iustice by whom it is to be administred in Councell 82 Iustification is discussed in many articles 192 Which did trouble the Prelates and Diuines because it was neuer well discussed by the Schoolemen 194 K KIng of Denmarke embraceth the reformed religion 84 King of Nauarre hath a guard set vpon him 436 Is set at libertie and gouerneth France 437 Writeth to the Protestant Princes in Germanie that hee will preserue Religion in France 480 Was slaine with a Bullet at the siege of Roan 640 His death maketh a great alteration in France 641 Knights of Malta send an ambassadour to the Councell who is receiued in Congregation and maketh an Oration 762 L. LAndgraue of Hassia preuenteth a diuision amongst the Reformatists in the Diet of Spira 47 publisheth a Manifest against the Emp. 190 who setteth forth a Bando against him 201 Landgraue and Saxon had equall authoritie in the warre against the Emperour which was a great disaduantage to them 204 He yeeldeth himselfe prisoner to the Emperour 270 is set at libertie 379 Lateran Councell what aduantage it brought to the Sea of Rome 19 Latin translation of the Bible is discoursed of 155 156 157 c. and is approued 159 it is said that no errors of faith are in it 161 Lawes of Popes are more strictly obserued then the lawes of God 488 League between the Pope and the French King is confirmed by marriage 67 betweene the Pope and the Emperour against the Protestants 188 the League betweene Charles the Emperour and Henry 8. King of England offendeth the Pope 105 a league of all Catholiques against the Protestants is treated by the Pope 515 but cannot be effected 516 a league betweene the Pope the French K. against the Emp. confirmed by mariage 252 another of the Protestants in Germany against the Emperour 312 484 Legates in Trent desire to haue two sorts of letters from the Pope and a cipher 113 Leo 10 Pope his description 3 Lewis 12. French King is excommunicated 3 Libertie of Friars is held dangerous by the Legates and repressed 228 a Friar of Brescia is disgraced for speaking of the Eucharist like Luther 422 Libertie of the Councel violated by the Pope 503 Libertie of the Councell is thought by the Speaker to be too great 533 and by the French Ambassadours to bee none at all 542 as also by the Spaniards 551 The Presidents vse meanes to curbe the Spanish Prelates 620 the Cardinall of Loraine said openly the Councell was not free 635 The Bishop of Veglia quitteth the Councell for feare 644 the Prelates are terrified with the Popes authoritie 645 Martin Guzdalin a Spaniard complaineth that the Councell is not free 661 and the Spanish Ambassadour doth the like who is answered by Cardinall Morone 754 Limbo is the place where children are who die without Baptisme before the vse of reason 178 Luther speaketh against Indulgences 5 And against the Popes authoritie 7 Appealeth to the Councell 8. 12 Passeth to other points of doctrine 9 Burneth the Popes Bull and Decretals in Wittenberg 12 Is called to the Diet of Wormes 13 And an Edict is published against him after his departure 15 Which was neuer executed by the Princes of the Empire 26 27 c. His answere to Vergerius 75 Hee dieth 148 Diuers fables are raised of his death 149 M. MAntua is chosen to hold the Councel in 79 Wherewith the Duke is contented at the first but repenteth afterwards 82 Marcellus the Second created Pope 389 Purposeth to make a seuere reformation of the Court and Clergie and to erect a religious Order of an hundred persons 390 Hee dieth hauing sate but two and twentie dayes 392 Marriage of Priests what inconuenience it bringeth 460 Why it is forbid 680 Matrimonie is proposed to bee disputed 662 665. The inconuenience of secret marriages 665 668 c. Whether Priests may marry 678 679 A marriage is desired and sought by the King of Spaine betweene his sister and his sonne Charles 685 Marriage of children without consent of their parents is spoken against by the French ambassadours 746 747 754 Marriage of Priests is promoted and opposed in councell 747 The abuses of matrimonie are discussed 747 748. A question discussed whether one may be forced to marry 749 750 Diuers opinions concerning clandestine marriage 782 The doctrine of Matrimony is decreed 784 The reformation of the abuses of it is decreed 784 785 The impediments of Matrimony are decreed 785. Mary obtaineth the Crowne of England 383 Establisheth Popery 384 Is married to King Philip. 385 Appointeth ambassadors to go to
THE HISTORIE OF THE COVNCEL OF TRENT Conteining eight Bookes In which besides the ordinarie Actes of the Councell are declared many notable Occurrences which happened in Christendome during the space of fourtie yeeres and more And particularly the practises of the Court of Rome hinder the reformation of their errors and to maintaine their greatnesse Written in Italian by Pietro Soaue Polano and faithfully translated into English by NATHANAEL BRENT Vnto this SECOND EDITION are added diuers obseruable Passages and Epistles concerning the trueth of this Historie specified in the next Page DIEV ET MON DROâ— LONDON Printed by BONHAM NORTON and IOHN BILL Printers to the Kings most Excellent Maiestie M. DC XXII THE APPENDIX OF THIS SECOND Edition conteining 1 AN Epistle of Gregory the First Bishop of Rome to Maurice the Emperour 2 A passage of the History of Fr. Guicciardine Florentine concerning Pope Alex. 6. left out of his third Booke in the printed Copies 3 A second passage of the same Author conteining a large discourse of the meanes whereby the Popes of Rome atteined to their greatnesse that they now enioy left out of the fourth Booke 4 〈◊〉 third passage of the same Author left out of his 10. Booke 5 Certaine passages out of the Letters of the Lords de Lansac Pibrâ—â—c Ferrier c. taken foorth of the Instructions and Missies of the Kings of France and their Ambassadours sent to the Councell of Trent Published in French An. 1608. 6 Andr. 〈…〉 udithius Bishop of Quinquecclesiae in Hungary his Testimony of the Councell of Trent in his Epistle to Maximilian 2. Emperour 7 An Epistle â—f Bishop Iewell vnto Seignior Scipio a Senatour of Venice touching the causes mouing the Church of England to refuse Communion with the Councell of Trent now first published according to the Originall annexed 8 Lastly the foresaid Epistle of Dudithius written by himself in Latine TO HIS MOST SACRED MAIESTIE I Offer to your MAIESTIES view the truest and most iudicious Ecclesiasticall Historie that either moderne times or any antiquitie hath afforded to the world impaired I confesse in beautie as being transported out of the naturall lustre both of stile and phrase by a rude and vnskilfull Translator but nothing altered in the trueth and sincerity of the matter which it handleth The Author a stranger to these parts conuersant onely where the Gospell cannot be truely preached was moued to write it as for the common good of all Christendome so particularly in contemplation of your Maiesties seruice For as you hold the highest place amongst all Kings and Princes and are Gods greatest Lieutenant vnder the whole cope of heauen so your admirable perfections of Wisdome Learning Iustice and Religion with which your royall breast is inriched beyond all comparison to bee made with any others cast foorth their bright shining rayes into all Countreis and quarters of the world and rouse vp the endeauors of the worthiest euen in places the farthest remote to labour in the building vp or repairing of Gods Church so farre as the tyranny of Antichrist vnder which they liue and the safetie of their liues which nature bindes them to preserue doth giue them leaue In which number is the Author of this present Treatise The end and scope whereof being the glory of God by discouery of those practises which for many yeeres haue beene concealed by the enemies of CHRIST the aduancement of true pietie and Religion I know not to whom it may be addressed more iustly then to the greatest Maiesty vpon the whole surface of the earth and the chiefest Defender of the true faith amongst vs. And surely if euer any booke except onely the Booke of God did deserue the protection of so excellent a Patron it is this Historie of the Councell of Trent For of all the things in the world Religion is of the greatest consequence and in Religion Ecumenicall Councels next after the holy Writ haue euer caried the greatest sway which being true and guided by the holy Ghost haue beene causes of infinite blessings but being pretended onely and gouerned by humane policies and Arte haue brought foorth as many mischiefes and afflictions to the Church of God Now in this of Trent it is plainely discouered that the Bishops of Rome of whom eight liued and died during the time of the Synode and treatie thereof in stead of being CHRISTS holy Vicars as they pretend haue beene the greatest and most pernicious quackesaluing iuglers that euer the earth did beare It would be infinite to relate the Stratagems they vsed to diuert it before it began their postings to and fro to hinder the proposing of those things which they thought would diminish their profit or pull downe their pride their policies to enthrall the Prelates and Diuines by hopes and feares their diligence in sending their adherents to Trent and so by procuring a maior part of voices to make themselues the absolute Lords of all the determinations that passed By which deuices that which was desired by godly men as the onely remedy against all the errors in manners and doctrine both in Church and Common-wealth and especially against the greatest enormities of the Popes themselues hath beene wrested to a quite contrary vse to weaken the lawfull rights of Kings and Princes to peruert the doctrine and Hierarchie of the Church of GOD and to lift vp the Papacy to an vnsufferable height of pride This is that holy and great Synod of which the Romanists doe boast themselues so much And indeed euery one of any meane capacitie may easily know that many controuerted points betweene them and the true Professors necessary as they maintaine for the sauing of mens soules had neuer any colourable establishment but this which insensibly creeping in by the superstition of the vulgar or secretly set on foote by those that were ambitious and couetous or at the best blindly zealous haue alwaies beene opposed by the Orthodox euen publikely vntill the malitious industry of the greater part put to silence though neuer quite ouercame the paucitie of the better So that their vanting of the Antiquitie of their Religion and of the infancie of ours is vaine and idle And if they will glory as vsually they doe of the vniuersalitie of their doctrine because it was established forsooth by the holy Ecumenicall Councell of Trent as they terme it none can better iudge then your MAIESTY how factious and how vnlawfull that assembly was and by this Historie the whole world may vnderstand the weaknesse of that foundation The Almightie blesse your MAIESTIE with length of daies strength of bodie loyaltie of your people and with all imaginable happinesse in your most Royall Progenie and in swaying the Scepter of your Dominions Your Sacred Maiesties most humble and most faithfully deuoted Subiect NATHANAEL BRENT TO THE READER COurteous Reader thou shalt see in this Booke greater varietie of remarkeable accidents then before the reading of it thou couldest haue possibly imagined The state of religion
Libell was published in England against the Pope and the whole Court of Rome and that besides a Comedie had beene made in presence of the King and Court to the great disgrace and shame of the Pope and of euery Cardinall in particular For which cause all being inflamed with choler they ran head-long to giue sentence which was pronounced in the Consistorie the foure and twentieth of the same moneth that the mariage betweene Henry and Queene Catherine was good that he was bound to take her for his wife and that in case he did it not he should be excommunicated The Pope was soone displeased with this precipitation For sixe dayes after the French King his letters came that the King of England was contented to accept the sentence concerning the Attentates and to render obedience with condition that the Cardinals whom hee mistrusted should not meddle in the businesse and that persons not suspected should bee sent to Cambray to take information And the King had sent his Proctors before to assist in the cause at Rome Wherefore the Pope went about to deuise some pretence to suspend the precipitated sentence and againe to set the cause on its feete But Henry so soone as he had seene it sayd it was no matter For the Pope should be Bishop of Rome and himselfe sole Lord of his kingdome and that he would doe according to the ancient fashion of the Eastern Church not leauing to be a good Christian nor suffering the Lutheran heresie or any other to be brought into his kingdome And so he did Hee published an Edict wherein hee declared himselfe head of the Church of England and punished capitally whosoeuer said that the Pope of Rome had any authoritie there he chased out the Collector of the Peter-pence and caused the Parliament to approoue all these things where it was determined that all Bishoprickes of England should bee conferred by the Archbishop of Canterburie without sending to Rome and that the Clergie should pay to the King one hundred and fifty thousand pounds sterling yeerely for the defence of the Kingdome against whosoeuer This action of the King was variously expounded Some thought him wise for freeing himselfe from the subiection of Rome without any innouation in Religion and without putting his subiects in danger of sedition How the action of K Henry was expoâ—nded and without referring himselfe to a Councell a thing which they saw hard to be effected and dangerous also for him it being impossible that a Councell composed of Ecclesiasticall persons should not mainetaine the Popes power which is the maine pillar of their order because by the papacie it is aboue all kings and the Emperour but without it is subiect to them there being no Ecclesiasticall person that hath superioritie but the Pope But the Court of Rome maintained that it could not be said that there was no change in Religion the first and principal Article being changed which is the supremacie of the Pope and that seditions would arise as well for this onely as for all the rest Which the euent shewed to be true For the King was faine to proceede seuerely against some of his subiects whom he loued and esteemed It cannot be expressed what griefe was conceiued in Rome and by all the Clergie for the alienation of so great a Kingdome from the Popes subiection and it discouered the imbecillitie of humane affaires wherein for the most part great damages proceed from those things from which the greatest The Popes haue gained much by matrimoniall dispensations benefits were formerly receiued For by matrimonial dispensations and by sentences of diuorce as well granted as denyed the Papacie hath gained much in former times sheltering the Princes with the name of the Vicar of Christ whom it concerned with some incestuous mariage or by dissoluing one to contract another to vnite some other territory to their owne or to drowne the title of diuers pretendants making for this cause straight alliance with them and interesting their power to defend that authoritie without which their actions would be condemned and hindred yea interesting not those Princes onely but all their posteritie to maintaine their legitimation But the misfortune which then arose might be ascribed to the precipitation of Clement who in this case knew not how to manage his authoritie and if it had pleased God to haue giuen him in this fact the vse of his vsuall wisdome he might haue gained much where now his losse was great But the Emperour at his returne into Germany being informed of the negotiation of the Nuncio Rangone concerning the Councell wrote to Rome complaining that himselfe hauing promised a Councell to Germany and treated with the Pope in Bolonia in what sort the Princes should be dealt with in this matter yet the Nuncij of his Holinesse had not proceeded in that manner that was agreed of but had so treated that the Protestants thought themselues deluded praying him in the ende to finde some way to giue Germany satisfaction The eighth of Iune the Emperours letters were read in the Consistorie and because there came aduice a little before that the Landgraue of Hassia had taken the Dukedome of Wittenberg from King Ferdinand by force of armes and restored it to the Duke Vlrick the lawfull Lord of it and that Ferdinand also was inforced to make peace with them many of the Cardinals sayd that the Lutherans hauing atchieued 1534 PAVL 3. CHARLES 〈◊〉 HENRY 8. FRANCIS 1. so great a victorie it was necessarie to giue them some satisfaction and not to proceede any more by Art but to make some demonstration of effects because the Emperour hauing promised a Councell it was necessarie hee should not be deluded and sayd that if the Pope could not finde a way there was danger That his Maiestie would be constrained to yeelde to some other thing of greater preiudice and losse to the Church But the Pope and maior part of the Cardinals seeing it was impossible to make the Lutherans accept such a Counsell as might bee seruiceable to the Court of Rome and being resolute not so much as to hearken to any speach of making it otherwise they resolued to answere the Emperour that they knew very well the importance of the times and what great need there was of a generall Councell which they were most readie to intimate in case it might be so celebrated that it might produce good effects as need requireth but seeing new discords arise betweene him and France diuers open dissentions betweene other Christian Princes it was necessarie they should cease and mindes should bee reconciled before the Councel were called For during the discords it could not produce any good effect and now least of all the Lutherans being in armes and made proud by the victory of Wittenberg But it was necessary to leaue discoursing with the Pope of a Councell For hee fell into a long and mortall infirmitie whereof he dyed in the end Clement the 7. dieth
by the Popes consent that it might appeare there was some designe in Rome and some paines taken also for reformation The coppy was suddenly printed and published throughout all Germany and many wrote against it both in Dutch and Latine And the number of the Protestants increased dayly in that Countrey the king of Denmarke and some princes of the house of Brandeburg being entred into their league Nouember drawing neere the Pope sent out a Bull for conuocation of The Councell is intimated at Vicenza and three Legates appointed the Councell at Vicenza and alledging the necessitie to prorogue the time because winter was at hand hee did intimate it for the first of May the next yeere 1538. and appoynted three Cardinals Legats for that place Lorenzo Campeggio Legate before for Clement the seuenth in Germanie Iomes Simoneta and Ierom Aleander created Cardinals by himselfe So soone as this Bull went out the King of England published another Manifost against this new conuocation and addressed it to the Emperor Kings Another manifest published by the K 〈…〉 of England and Christian people dated the eight day of April the same yeere 1538. that hauing before declared to the world the manifold causes why hee had resused the Councell which the Bishop of Rome fained hee would celebrate in Mantua prorogued afterwards without assignation of any certaine place it seemed not conuenient to protest as often as hee did excogitate a new way and to refuse that Councell which the Pope 〈…〉 de a colourable shew that he would celebrate Hee said that that declaration desended his and his Kingdomes cause against all the attempts that either Paul or any other Pope could make which he was willing to confirme with this Epistle to excuse himselfe for not going to Vicenza more then hee would haue done to Mantua though no man desired a publike assembly of Christians more then himselfe so that the Councell bee generall free and picus such as hee hath described in his protestation against the Councell of Mantua And as nothing is more holy then a generall Conuocation of Christians so nothing is more preiudiciall and pernicious to religion then a Councell abused for gaine and profit or confirmation of errours That it is called a generall Councell because all Christians may speake their opinions and that it cannot bee called generall where onely they are heard who are resolued to put themselues on the Popes side in all matters and where the same men are plaintifes defendants aduocates and iudges That all may bee sayd of Viconza which in his declaration hath been said of Mantua And briefly repeating a short contents thereof hee sayd if Frederick Duke of Mantua hath not yeelded so much to the Popes authoritie as to grant him his Citie in that manner that he would why should we so much esteeme it as to goe whither hee pleaseth If the Pope hath power from God to call Princes whither hee will why can hee not choose what place hee listeth and make himselfe obeyed If the Duke of Mantua can with reason denie the place which the Pope hath chosen why cannot other Kings and Princes refuse to goe thither And if all Princes should denie him their Cities where would be his power what a thing would it haue beene if all men had put themselues into the iourney and being arriued there should haue beene shut out of doores by the Duke of Mantua That which happened for Mantua may happen likewise for Vicenza The Legats went to Vicenza at the time appointed and the Pope to Nizza The Legates toe to Vicenza in Prouence at the same time to speake personally with the Emperour and French King which hee gaue out was onely to make peace betweene those A conference in Nizza betweene the Pope French K. and King of Spaine two great Princes though his principall ende was to draw the Dukedome of Milan into his house I here the Pope amongst other things desired them both to send their Ambassadours to the Councell and to cause the Prelates which were in their traines to goe also and to giue order that those that were at home in their Kingdomes should begin their voyage thither For gluing the order they both excused and said that first it was fit to informe themselues by the Prelates of the necessities of their Churches and for sending those that wore present that it would bee hard to perswade them to goe before they had consolted with others The Pope was so easily satisfied with the answere that it was doubted whether hee more desired the affirmatiue or the negatiue Therefore this Treatie being vnprofitable as were all his other in that meeting hee went his way and being at Genua in The Councel is defened vnull Easter his returne receiued letters from his Legates who were at Vicenza yet alone without any Prelate wherefore hee recalled them and by his Bull dated the eight of Iulie prolonged the terme of the Councell vntil the next Easter day This yeere the Pope brake the wise patience or rather dissimulation which for foure yeeres together hee had vsed towards England and sent against the King a terrible thundering Bull such as neuer was The Pope thundereth against the K. of England vsed by his predecessours nor imitated by his successours Which fulmination hauing its originall from the Manifests published against the Councel of Mantua and Vicenza my purpose requireth I should make mention thereof Besides for the vnderstanding of many accidents which shall bee related heereafter it is necessary to repeate this euent with the particulars of it The King of England hauing denied his obedience to Rome and declared himselfe head of the English Church the yeere 1534. as hath beene said in its place Pope Paul immediately after his assumption was continually instigated by the Emperour for his owne interests and by the Court which thought by that meanes either to regaine England or set it on fire to fulminate against that King which hee as a man well experienced in the world iudged would bee to little purpose considering that if the thunders of his predecessors neuer had good successe when they were beleeued and feared by all there was lesse hope they could effect any thing after a doctrine was published and receiued by many which did contemne them Hee thought it wisedome to hold a weapon within the scabberd which had no other edge but what was giuen by the opinion of those against whom it was vsed But the beheading of the Cardinall of Rochester happening in the yeere 1535 the other Cardinals were earnest in remonstrating vnto him what a shame and how great a danger it was to the Order which euer was esteemed most sacred and inuiolable if such an example should bee suffered to passe For the Cardinals defend the Popedome boldly with all Princes because they are assured of their liues which assurance when it shall be taken away and made knowen to the Seculars that the Cardinals may bee
That this happened to the Emperors of the East who hauing abandoned the obedience due to the vniuersall Bishop of Rome lost their forces Kingdoms That the cunning of the Lutherans was manifest who haue proceeded maliciously with his Maiestie and that vnder the colour of establishing their Religion they doe euer procure something else That an example thereof was the Diet of Spira in the yeere 1526 of Noremberg 1532 and of Calano 1534. when the Duke of Wittenberg regained the Dutchie which shewed that those commotions of the Landgraue and the Lutherans were not for religion but to take that state from the King of the Romanes That hee should put him in minde that when hee made an accord with the Lutherans the Catholique Princes would not endure such a disorder that his Maiestie should haue more power ouer them then ouer the Protestants and would thinke vpon new remedies That there are many other lawfull and honest wayes to reduce Germanie the Pope being resolued to afford him all possible ayde according to the proportion of his forces And when his Maiestie shall haue well thought thereon he will finde that these capitulations cannot bee approoued without making all Germany Lutheran which were wholly to depriue himselfe of authority For that Sect excludeth all superiority extolling liberty or rather licence aboue all That he should put into the Emperours head to augment the Catholique League and to take from the Lutherans their adherents as much as hee could and to send as much money as was possible into Germanie to promise and really to giue it to those that follow the Catholique league That it were good also vnder colour of Turkish affaires to send a competent number of Spaniards or Italians into those parts lodging them within the territories of the King of the Romans That the Pope was resolued to send some person to the Catholique Princes with money to gratifie those that shall be fit for his purpose That he should exhort Caesar to make such an Edict as the King of England made in his Kingdome causing a rumour to bee spread cunningly that his Maiestie negotiated with the sayd King to reduce him to the obedience of Rome The Pope gaue commission also to the sayd Montepulciano to complaine to the Emperour that his sister Queene Mary Gouernesse of the low Countries secretly fauoured the Lutherane part that shee purposely sent The Nuncio complaineth against the Emperors sister Gouernesse of the low Countries men vnto them that when the Catholique league was to be established shee wrote to the Elector of Triers that hee should not enter into it and so that good worke was crossed that shee hindered the Lord of Lauaur the French Ambassadour from going into Germanie to consult with the King of the Romanes and the Legate of his Holinesse about religion which hee did beleeue proceeded notfrom her owne will but from the counsell of her bad ministers But because mention is made of the Edict of the King of England in matter The Edict of religion made by K. Henry the 8. of Religion it will not bee amisse to recount heere how Henry the eight in the time of the Diet of Francfort either because he thought to doe God seruice by not permitting innouation of religion within his Kingdome or to shew constancie in what hee had wrote against Luther or to giue the Pope the lie who laid an imputation vpon him in his Bull that hee had published hereticall doctrine in his Kingdome made a publique Edict whereby hee commanded that the reall presence of the true and naturall body and blood of our Lord Iesus Christ vnder the kindes of bread and wine there remaining no substance of those elements was to bee beleeued throughout all England as also that Christ was wholly contained vnder the one and the other kinde that the communion of the Cup was not necessary that it was not lawfull for Priests to marry that religious men after their profession and vowes of chastity were bound alwayes to keepe them and to liue in Monasteries that secret and Auricular confession was not onely profitable but also necessary that the celebration of Masse euen priuate was an holy thing which hee commanded should bee obserued in his Kingdome He prohibited all to doe or teach any thing contrary to these articles vpon paine to be punished as heretiques It is to bee marueiled at how the Pope who a little before thundered against that King was constrained to prayse his actions and to propose him to the Emperour for an ensample to be imitated So a mans proper interest makes him commend and blame the same person But the Pope after hee had dispatched Montepulciano seeing that by calling the Councell and after deferring it though hee entertayned the world yet hee lost reputation thought it necessary to leaue that ambiguous proceeding which howsoeuer it had giuen men satisfaction heeretofore yet in A consultation about the Councel progresse of time it might produce some sinister effect And hee made a secret resolution to declare himselfe and to forsake ambiguities and in the consistory hauing related what had happened and proposed that it was necessary to make a constant and firme resolution hee put the matter in consultation Some of the Cardinals to deliuer themselues from feare which euery other day amazed them did not approoue the suspension but desired an expresse declaration that there should bee no Councell at all because it appeared not how the difficulties could bee ouercome before there was a reconciliation betweene Princes a necessary meanes without which there was no hope it could bee celebrated But the wiser sort were balanced betweene this and another feare that there might bee Nationall Councels or other remedies vsed more offensiue to them then a generall Synode and therefore the maior part gaue consent for the suspension during pleasure thinking that when it should seeme not fit to bring it to effect it might bee continued by pretending the discord betweene Princes or some other thing and that if there happened any danger of a Nationall Councell or of Colloquies or ought else it might bee remooued by promoting the Generall Councell and assigning vnto it place and time and afterwards it might bee called or let alone as time should aduise The match was made and a Bull The Councel intimated is suspended during pleasure was framed the thirteenth of Iune by which the Councell intimated was suspended during pleasure of the Pope and the Apostolicall Sea But Montepulciano the Nuncio who went into Spaine executed his commissions with the Emperour who either for the cause alledged by the Nuncio or for some respects of his owne declared not himselfe whether hee dissented or assented to the Colloquie appointed to be held at Noremberg in August Afterwards by reason of his wiues death and the rebellion of Gant with part of the low Countries hee had occasion by pretending affaires of greater importance to leaue the matter in suspence and so
England about religion gained authority 〈…〉 gether with Thomas 〈◊〉 Archbishop of Canterbury did 〈◊〉 the Protestants and brought in some of their owne Doctors and hauing layd some foundation of doctrine especially amongst the Nobility they assembled the States of the Kingdome which they call a Parliament and by public decree of the King and of that banished the Masse For which a 〈…〉 popular sedition beeing made by those who required the restitution of the Edicts of Henrys 〈…〉 of the old Religion 〈…〉 and 〈…〉 arise in the Kingdome Saint Martins day beeing come 〈…〉 were great the 〈◊〉 Councel were held in many Cities and the 〈…〉 reformation of the Emperour was receiued changing th 〈…〉 onely as it 〈◊〉 med to agree best to the manner of decreeing in euery 〈◊〉 yet without prouision made for the execution and all 〈…〉 for 1549 1549 The Diocesan Councels are held and the Emperors reformation is receiued The 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Councell of Collen onely the 〈…〉 〈…〉 of 〈…〉 The The Decrees where of the the Low Coutreys as being subiect to that Sea 〈…〉 of should 〈…〉 charging the Magi 〈◊〉 to 〈…〉 〈…〉 same stile who the third The Prouinciall Councell of Mentz wâ—â—ke 〈…〉 of his Pr 〈…〉 made 48. Decrees in doctrine of 〈…〉 In the poynts decided by 〈…〉 doctrine in others the more 〈…〉 points are remarkeable where In 〈…〉 point◠〈…〉 〈…〉 to be 〈◊〉 or haue D 〈…〉 me 〈◊〉 〈…〉 be doe shew how much the opinions of 〈…〉 〈…〉 the 〈…〉 after which 〈…〉 may 〈…〉 that Religion cannot be handled in a Nationall Councel And though one may ground himselfe more vpon diuers Prouinciall Councels of Africa Egypt of Syria and other parts of the East yet this being moderne though not of such consequence will perhaps more prouoke the Reader to marke it The Elector of Triers did celebrate also his Synode and other Metropolitanes not departing from the Communion of the Pope did all publish the Imperiall Edicts of Ausburg as well for the Interim of Religion as for the Other prouincial Councell are held Ecclesiasticall reformation The Nuncij destinated by the Pope the yeere before and deferred for the The Nuncij goe into Germany and are despised in all places causes aforesaid began their iourney for Germany who in euery place where they passed were despised euen by the Catholikes themselues so odious was the Popes name and the very habit of his Ministers in regard of his differences with the Emperour and of the courses hee tooke And finally in the end of May they went to Caesar into the Low Countreys where after long discussion how to execute the Popes commandements there being difficultie in euery proposition for one part or other in fine the Emperor resolued that hauing faculty from the Pope to substitute they should substitute the Bishops euery one in his owne Diocesse referring all to their consciences This match was not readily made by the Nuncij yet condescending at the last a substitution was printed in the name of the three Nuncij leauing a place for the name of the Prelate vnto whom it was to bee directed and inserting first the tenor of the Popes Bull and alleadging for cause of the substitution their not beeing able to bee in euery place they did communicate their authority with aduice not to grant the Communion of the Cup and vse of eating flesh but with great maturitie and euident profit prohibiting that ought should be payd for those Graces Caesar vndertooke to send them to whom and where it was fit and to what place soeuer hee addressed them hee gaue them to vnderstand that the proceeding should be with gentlenesse and dexterity There was very little vse of these faculties for those Their Faculties did but little good that continued in the Popes obedience had no need of them and those who were aliened did not onely not care for them but refused them also A few dayes after Ferentino departed Fano and Verona remained with Caesar vntill the Archbishop of Siponto was sent by Iulius the third as shall be sayd in its place At the same time the French King making his first entry into Paris the The French King maketh his first entry into Paris publisheth an Edict in fauour of the Roman religion fourth of Iuly caused a solemne procession to bee made and published an Edict rendring a reason thereof that hee did it to signifie vnto all that hee receiued the protection of the Catholike religion and of the Apostolike Sea and the care of the Ecclesiasticall order and that hee abhorred the nouitie of religion and testified to all his will to perseuere in the doctrine of the Church of Rome and to banish the new heretikes out of all his dominions and hee caused this Edict to be printed in French and sent it into all parts of his kingdome Hee gaue leaue also to his Prelates to make a prouinciall assembly to reforme the Churches which being knowen at Rome was thought to bee a bad example and might bee a beginning to make the French Church independant And vseth much seuerity against the Lutherans of the Church of Rome Hee caused also many Lutherans to bee put to death in Paris himselfe beeing present at the spectacle and in the beginning of the next yeere hee renewed the Edict against them laying grieuous punishments vpon the Iudges who were not diligent in detecting and punishing them But the Councell in Bolonia hauing slept two yeeres the seuenth of Nouember the Pope seeing a letter of Duke Octauius his nephew that hee would make an agreement with Ferrandus Gonzaga to enter into Parma which Citie the Pope caused to bee held in the name of the Apostolike Sea hee was so assaulted with perturbation of minde and anger that hee swooned The Pope dieth with passion and after some fewe houres comming to himselfe he fell into a Feauer whereof he dyed within three dayes This made Monte part from Bolonia The election of the new Pope to be at the Election of the new Pope and all the other Prelats to retire to their houses The custome is that the Cardinals doe solemnize the Obsequies of the defunct Pope nine dayes and enter into the Conclaue the tenth Then by reason of the absence of many they entred not vntill the 28. of the moneth The Cardinall Pacceco left not Trent vntill the Emperour vnderstanding of the Popes death gaue him order to goe to Rome where hee arriued many dayes after the Conclaue was shut vp The Cardinals being assembled to create the Pope and making capitulations according to the custome which euery one sweareth to obserue in case hee shall bee elected the first was to prosecute the Councel Euery one thought the new Pope would haue been elected before Christmas For the holy gate for the Iubile of the next yeere 1550. beeing to be opened on the Eue of the Feast at which the Popes presence was necessary and there beeing that yeere
Many are burned in England for Religion they had beene liuing and their bodies digged vp and burned an action commended by some as a reuenge of what Henrie the eight had done against S. Thomas by others compared to that which the Popes Stephanus the sixth and Sergius the third did against the Corps of Pope Formosus Many also were at the same time burned in France for Religion not And in France also without the indignation of honest men who knew that the diligence vsed against those poore people was not for pietie or Religion but to satiate Which was done to satiate the couetousnesse of Diana Valentina the couetousnesse of Diana Valentina the Kings Mistris to whom he had giuen all the confiscations of goods made in the Kingdome for cause of Heresie It was wondred also that those of the new reformation should meddle with blood for cause of Religion For Michael Seruetus of Tarragona made a Diuine of a Physician renewing the old opinion of Paulus Samosatenus and Marcellus Anciranus that the word of God was not a thing subsisting and therefore that Christ was a pure man was put to death for Michael Seruetus is burned in Geneua it in Geneua by Counsell of the Ministers of Zuric Berne and Schiaffusa and Iohn Caluin who was blamed for it by many wrote a Booke defending that the Magistrate may punish Heretickes with losse of life which Doctrine being drawen to diuers sences as it is vnderstood more strictly or more largely or as the name of Hereticke is taken diuersly may sometime doe hurt to him whom another time it hath helped At that time Ferdinand King of the Romanes published an Edict to all The King of the Romanes publisheth an Edict against all innouation in Religion the people subiect vnto him that in points of Religion and Rites they should not innouate but follow the ancient customes and particularly that in the holy Communion they should bee content to receiue the Sacrament of bread onely Wherein though many persons of note the Nobilitie and many of the Cities made Supplication vnto him that at the least the Cup might bee granted them saying that the institution was of Christ which might not bee altered by men and that it was the vse of the old Church as was confessed by the Councell of Constance promising all submission and obedience in all other things praying him not to burthen their consciences but to accommodate his commandement to the orders set downe by the Apostles and of the Primitiue Church yet Ferdinand perseuered in his resolution and answered them that his commandement was not new but an ancient institution vsed by his Ancestors Emperours Kings and Dukes of Austria and that the vse of the Cup was a nouitie brought in by curiositie or pride against the Law of the Church and consent of the Prince Yet hee moderated the rigour of the answere saying that the question being of a point that concerneth saluation hee would thinke of it more diligently and answere them in fit time but that in the meane while hee expected from them obedience and obseruation of the Edict Hee published also a Catechisme the fourteenth of And a Catechisme August made by his authoritie by some learned and pious Diuines 1555 PAVL 4. CHARLES 5. MARY 〈◊〉 HENRY 2. Which gaue distaste to the Court of Rome commaunding all the Magistrates of those Countries not to suffer any Schoolemasters to reade any but that either in publique or in priuate because by diuers Pamphlets which went about Religion was much corrupted in those Countryes This constitution distasted the Court of Rome because it was not sent to the Pope to bee approoued by his authoritie nor came foorth in the name of the Bishop of the Countrey the secular Prince assuming the office to cause to bee composed and to Authorize Bookes in matter of Religion especially by name of Catechisme to shew that it belonged to the secular power to determine what Religion the people should follow and what refuse The two yeeres of the suspension of the Councell being expired they treated in the Consistorie what was fit to bee done For although the condition in the Decree was that the Councell should be of force againe when the impediments were remooued which did still continue by reason of the warres of Siena Piemont and others betweene the Emperour and the French King yet it seemed that any man of an vnquiet Spirit might say that those impediments were not sufficient and that it was vnderstood that the Councell was on foote againe so that to free themselues from those dangers it might be good to make a new declaration But wiser men It is resolued in Rome not to speak of the Councell though the two yeeres of suspension were ended gaue counsell not to mooue the euill while it was quiet while the world was silent while neither Prince nor People demaunded the Councell lest by shewing they were afraid they might excite others to require it This aduice preuayled and made the Pope resolue neuer to speake more of it In the yeere 1555. there was a Diet in Ausburg which the Emperour 1555. A Diet. 〈◊〉 had in Ausburg to compose the differences in Religion had intimated principally to compose the controuersies of religion in regard this was the fountaine of all the troubles and calamities of Germanie with the losse not onely of the liues of many thousands of men but of their soules also Ferdinand began the Diet in the Emperours name the fifth of Februarie where hee shewed at large the lamentable spectacle of Germanie in which men of the same Baptisme Language In which Ferdinand maketh an Oration and Empire were distracted by so various a profession of Faith there arising new Sects euery day which did shew not onely small reuerence towards God and great perturbations of mens mindes but was cause also that the multitude knew not what to beleeue and that many of the principall Nobilitie and others were without all faith and honestie making no conscience of their actions which tooke away all commerce so that now it could not bee sayd that the Germanes were better then the Turkes and other barbarous people for which causes God hath afflicted it with so great calamities Therefore it was necessarie to take in hand the businesse of religion Hee sayd a generall free and pious Councell was formerly thought the onely remedie For the cause of Faith beeing common to all Christians it ought to bee handled by all and the Emperour imploying all his forces heerein did cause it to bee assembled more then once But there was no neede to say why no fruit came by it it beeing well knowen to all that were present Now if they desired to prooue the same remedie againe it was necessary to remooue the impediments which did 1555 MARCDILVS 〈◊〉 CHARLES 5. MARY HENRY 2. hinder them from attaining the wished end But if by reason of the accidents
learned men Inhabitants of Rome whom himselfe did know were named and others put themselues forward to receiue this honour The Court was full of the expectation But dieth be fore anything was effected hauing sat but 22. dayes of many nouities which were all buried in silence because Marcelius first weakened by the paines he tooke in the long great ceremonies as hath bin said afterwards taken with an apoplexie dyed the last day of the month the other astrologicall predictions of his father and his owhe which were extended a yeere after that time being not verefied The Cardinals being assembled againe in the Conclaue hee of Ausburg assisted by Morene made great instance that among the capitulations which the Cardinals were to sweare vnto one should bee that the future Pope should by counsell of the Colledge call an other Synod within Two cap 〈…〉 lations one to cal another S◠councel within two years another not to make aboue 4. Cardinals within two years Iohn Peter Caraffa called Paul the 4 41◠created Pope two yeeres to finish the reformation begun to determine the controuersies of Religion that remained and to finde a meanes to cause the Councell of Trent to bee receiued in Germany And the Colledge of the Cardinals beeing full it was capitulated that the Pope should not create more then foure within two yeeres The three and twentieth day of the next Moneth Iohn Peter Caraffa who called himselfe Paulus Quartus was created the Imperialists resistng as much as they could For he was thought not to be the Emperours friend in regard of the old distastes which he receiued in the King of Spaine his Court where he serued eight yeares in the life time of the Catholique King Ferdinand and because the possession of the Archbishoprique of Naples was denyed him a few yeares before by the common inclination of the Barons of that Kingdome Whereunto was added the seueritio of his manners which made Of whose seueritie the Court is afraid the Court fad and put it in geater feare of reformation then it formerly had in the treaties of the Councell The strictnesse of his life concerning his person and familie he laid aside immediately after his creation For being demaunded by his Steward what diet hee would haue prouided for him hee answered such as befitteth a Prince and would be crowned with greater pompe then was vsuall affecting in all his actions to keepe his degree with magnificence and to appeare stately and sumptuous To his Nephewes and kinsmen hee was as indulgent as any of his Predecessors He affected to hide his seueritie towards others by shewing the greatest humanitie but within a short time hee returned to his owne naturall disposition Hee tooke it for a great glory that the three English Ambassadours The English Ambassadors are receiued in the first cōsistory after the coronation dispatched in the time of Iulius entred Rome the firstday of his Papacie and the first consistorie after the Coronation was publique The Ambassadours were brought into it who prostrating themselues at the Popes feete did in the name of the Kingdome acknowledge the faults committed relating them all in particular for so the Pope would haue it confessing they had beene vngratefull for so many benefits receiued from the Church and humbly crauing pardon for it The Pope did pardon them tooke them vp from the ground and imbraced them and to honour their Maiesties who sent them gaue the title of a Kingdome to Ireland graunting them this dignitie by the authoritie which the Pope hath from God being placed ouer all Kingdomes to supplant those that are contumacious and to build new Men of iudgement who then knew not the true cause of that action thought it a vanitie not seeing The Pope giueth to Ireland the title of a kingdom what profit either of authoritie or honour it might bring to a King to haue many titles in the Countrey which hee possesseth considering that the most Christian King is more honoured by the onely title of King of France then if his State were diuided into as many Kingly titles as hee hath Prouinces Neither did it then seeme a fitte time to say hee had power from God to build vp and ouerthrow Kingdomes But those that knew the true cause did not thinke it vaine but a secret vsually practised a long time Henrie the Eight after his separation from the Pope made Ireland a kingdome and called himselfe King of England France and Ireland which title continued by Edward was assumed by Marie and her Husband The Pope so soone as hee was created entred into a resolution that the title of Ireland should not bee vsed by those Princes affirming constantly that it belonged onely to him to Which was taken before without the consent of any Pope giue the name of a King But it seemed hard to enduce England to quit that which two Kings had vsed and the Queene not thinking much of it had continued Therefore hee found a temper that is to dissemble the knowledge of what Henry had done and himselfe to crect the Island into a Kingdome that so the world might beleeue that the Queene Popes haue often giuen that which they could not take frō the possessors had vsed the Title as giuen by the Pope not as decreed by her Father And the Popes haue often giuen that which they could not take from the possessors and to auoyd contentions some haue receiued their owne goods as gifts and some haue dissembled the knowledge of the gift or of the pretence of the giuer In the priuate discourses betweene the Pope and the Ambassadours hee found fault that the Church goods were not wholly restored saying that by no meanes it was to bee tolerated and that it was necessarie to render all euen to afarthing because the things that belong to God can neuer bee applyed to humane vses and hee that withholdeth the least part of them is in continuall state of damnation That if hee had power to grant them hee would doe it most readily The Pope commandeth the restitutiō of Church goods in England for his Fatherly affection which hee beareth to them and for the experience hee hath of their filiall obedience but his authoritie was not so large as that hee might prophane the things dedicated to GOD and let England bee assured that this would bee an Anathema and an contagion which by the iust reuenge of God would alwayes hold the Kingdome of England in perpetuall infelicitie He charged the Ambassadours to write thereof immediatly and was not content to speake of it once but repeated it as often as there was occasion Hee said also plainely that the Peterperce ought to be payd as soone as might bee and that according to the And the payment of Peter pence custome hee would send a Collector for that purpose that himselfe had exercised that charge three yeeres hauing beene sent into England for that end wherein hee was much edified
by seeing the forwardnesse of the people to contribute especially of those of the meaner sort and told them often that they could not hope that Saint Peter would open heauen vnto them so long as they vsurped his goods vpon earth This relation made vnto the Queene with many other treaties continued succeesliuely from Rome caused her to imploy all her spirits herein but nothing could be done because many of the Nobilitie and of the Grandies had incorporated many of The Queene maketh 〈…〉 tution which her people â—â—suse to doe these reuenewes into their houses For herselfe shee restored the tenths and all other Ecclesiasticalligoods annexed to the Crowne by her brother and her Father The Ambassadours parted from Rome with much praise and fauour from the Pope for their submission a meanes by which his good will is easily gained Immediately after the Creation of the new Pope tho Imperialists and French men did vie who should gaine him But the Cardinall of Loraine who well knew his humour confirmed his affection towards the French telling him in Consistorie and in many priuate Treaties besides that the King did know that the Church of France had neede of reformation and was ready to assist his Holinesse either by sending Prelates to the Councell if hee thought fit or by any other meanes that should seeme good vnto him In the meane space the Diet of Germany was prosecuted not without Contentions doe arise in the Diet of Ausburg contentions which would haue beene greater if Cardinall Morone had remayned there as well for the negotiations hee would haue made as for the suspicions conceiued by the Protestants that hee was sent onely to oppose their commodities And it was alreadie published euery where that Rome was full of hope that Germany would quickely come vnder the yoke as England had done After the Cardinals departure the first difficultie was whether the points of Religion should bee discussed first of all which though the Ecclesiastiques did contradict in the beginning yet it was finally resolued by common consent to beginne there Wherein there were two contrary Propositions One to treat of the meanes to reforme it the other to leaue euery one to his libertie about which point there was very great controuersie But in the ende all inclined to the second proposition not knowing how to roote out the euill which did still moue onely hoping that when the humours were quiet and the differences and suspitions remooued many easie and commodious wayes might bee found out For this it was necessary to establish a peace that for cause of Religion there might bee no more warre and that it might bee lawfull for all the Princes and States of the Empire to follow and cause to bee obserued in their Dominions what Religion pleased them best Which resolution when it came to bee established raised greater controuersies For those of the Augustan Confession did pretend that it was lawfull for all to accept their Doctrine retaining the honours States and Degrees which they possessed On the contrary the Catholiques would not haue it permitted to the Ecclesiastiques to change their Religion and keepe their degree but that if a Bishop or an Abbot did embrace the other Religion he should loose his dignitie Neither would they haue it permitted to the Cities which seuen yeares since had receiued the decree of the Interim made in Ausburg to returne to the Augustan Confession Writings passed on both sides concerning this and at the last the rigour 1555 PAVL 4. CHARLES 5. MARY HENRY 2. But at the last a peace of Religion is established of either partie was abated The Catholiques were content that the Cities should doe as they pleased and the Protestants gaue ouer their pretence concerning the Ecclesiastiques And the fiue and twentieth of September the Recesse was made that a Generall or Nationall Councell neither of which could bee assembled in regard of many difficulties beeing necessarie to determine lawfully the causes of Religion vntill a way might bee opened vnto a friendly agreement thoughout all Germanie the Emperour Ferdinand the Catholique Princes and States should not force the Princes Orders and States of the Augustan Confession to forsake their Religion and Ceremonies alreadie instituted orto bee instituted in their Dominions nor should doe any thing in contempt thereof nor hinder them in the free vse of that Religion and those of the Augustan Confession ought to behaue themselues in the same sort towards Caesar Ferdinand and the other Princes and States of the old Religion as well Ecclesiasticall as Secular euery one hauing power to establish in his owne State what Religion hee will and to forbid the other And if any Ecclesiastique shall abandon the old Religion it shall bee no infamie vnto him but hee shall presently loose his Benefices which shall bee conferred vpon others by the Patron and the Benefices which the Protestants haue already annexed to Schooles and Ministeries of the Church shall remayne in the same state That Ecclesiasticall iurisdiction shall bee exercised no more against those of the Augustan Confession but otherwise shall bee exercised according to the ancient custome The Recesse being made another difficultie arose for the remoouing of which Ferdinand vsing the absolute Imperiall authoritie of his brother did declare with consent of the Ecclesiasticall Order that the Titulars Cities and Communities subiect to Ecclesiasticall Princes who haue adhered many yeeres to the Augustan Confession and receiued long since the Rites and Ceremonies thereof and doe obserue them still may not bee compelled by their Princes to change them but may continue in them vntill a generall concord in Religion which shall be concluded Pope Paul vnderstanding of this Recesse of Ausburg was exceeding Of which the hope complaineth to the Emperors Embassador and Cardinall of Ausburg angry Hee complained thereof to the Emperours Ambassadour and to the Cardinall of Ausburg reprehending Ferdinand for suffering a treaty in matters of Religion without the knowledge of the Apostolique Sea and threatning that in due time hee would make the Emperour and that King know to their griefe how they had offended him hee exhorted them to preuent it by reuoking and dissallowing the things graunted that hee might haue no occasion to proceed as hee meant to doe not onely against the Lutherans but euen against them also as Abettors offering to assist them in case they should doe it by authoritie and armes and to command all Christian Princes vpon paynes and censures to aide them with all their forces He was not satisfied with the Ambassadours answere who alleaged the strength of the Protestants the warre against Caesar in which hee was like to bee prisoner in Ispruc and the Oathes taken For the Oathes hee answered that hee freed and absolued them yea commanded not to obserue them To the rest hee sayd that in Gods cause one must not proceed according to humane respects That the Emperour was in danger by Gods permission because he did not
not stop the eyes and eares of the world that they should not see and heare their differences and that if they would make shew of vnion where they were at variance they should bee conuinced of vanitie and lying and after many contentions they remained without agreement in that point For the Councell some thought fit to refuse it absolutely and others were of opinion to send Ambassadours to make offer that they would goe to a free and Christian Councell and to propose the exceptions of the suspicion of the Indges of the inconueniencie of that place and others often times proposed to shew they did not refuse the authoritie of a lawfull Councell and that the vnion of the Church was not hindered by them but by the ambition of the Coure of Rome which would make the Germane Catholiques more fauourable 〈◊〉 them And they concluded to make petition to the Emperour in this forme The two Nuncij arriuing in Austria at the same time found the Emperour To which place y e Popes two Nuncij are sent by the Emperor with three Ambasdors of his owne at Vienna who gaue them counsell to go both immediately to Nâ—umburg in Saxenie where the Protestants were assembled in a Diet and to treate as modestly with them as was possible taking care not to exasperate or offend them For if they went to each of them into their owne States they would bee posted from one to another and would neuer haue any certaine answere and when they had both performed this office ioyntly they might diuide themselues and god apart to whom they were sent He put them in mind of the Conditions with which the Protestants did formerly condescend to the Councell that if mention were made thereof againe they might bee prepared to replie in the Popes name what they thought fit The Emperour sent three Ambassadours of his owne to goe with them to the Assembly and the King of Bohemia did recommend them to the Duke of Saxonie that they might goe securely The Emperours Ambassadours hauing had audience at the Diet exhorted the Princes to assist in the Councell and to put an end to the 〈◊〉 of Germanie The Princes after they had consulted together thanked Caser and concerning the Councell said they would not refuse it if the word of GOD were to beiudge if the BB. were released of their oaths made to the Pope and the Sea of Rome and if the Protestant Theologiâ—es might have 〈◊〉 But seeing that the Pope admitteth no Bishops to be in the Councell but such as are sworne vnto him against which they The Protestants answer to the 〈◊〉 Ambassdor haue alwayes protested they could hardly agree vnto it that they were willing presently to represent so much to the Emperour with all respect deferring their absolute answere vntill the Princes then absent were informed Afterwards the Popes Nuncij were brought in who hauing commended the Popes 〈◊〉 and Religion in reuiuing the Councel to extiâ—pate 〈◊〉 in regard there are as many Religions and Gospels as there are Doctors said he had sent â—â—inuite them to helpe forward so laudable an enterprise promising that all should be handled with Christian Charitie and that their voyces shall be freeâ— They presented also the Popes Briefes written to each of them The next day all the Briefes sealed as before were sent backe and the Nuntij called And to the Popes Nuntij to receiue an answere which was to this effect That they did not acknowledge any iurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome that there was no cause to reueale their pleasure concerning the Councell to him who had no power either to call or hold it that they had deliuered their minde and determination to the Emperour their Lord that to the Nuncij who were nobly descended in a Common-wealth which they loued they offered all good office The Protestants doe intimate another assembly to begin in April and would doe more if they had not come from the Pope Thus they did end the assembly and did intimate another to begin in April to finish the 〈◊〉 of vâ—iting themselues together The Nuncio Delphinus deliuered his Ambassage in diuers Cities as he returned The negotiation of Delphinus The Senate of Noremberg answered that they would not forsake the Augustan Confession not accept of the Councell as not hauing the conditions required by the Protestants The Senates of Argentine Francfort Ausburg and Vlma answered in the same manner Comendone parting from the Of Comendone Diet went to Lubec from whence he sent to Frederic King of Denmarke to demand his Safe conduct to come to him to deliuer to him the Popes Ambassage and inuite him to fauour the Councell Hee answered that neither Christian his father nor himselfe had euer any thing to doe with the Pope and therefore hee cared not to receiue any Ambassage from him Both the Nuncij had a fauourable answere from the Prelates Princes and Cities Catholique with promise of deuotion to the Pope but concerning the Councell they sayd they were to treate with the Emperour it being necessary to consult together for feare of the Lutherans Ierolamus Martinengo sent to Of Martinengo the Queene of England for the same cause beeing in Flanders receiued commandement from her not to passe the Sea and although the King of Spaine and Duke of Alua did make earnest entreaty that hee might bee admitted and heard commending the cause of that Legation that is the vnion of all the Christian Church in a generall Councell yet the Queene did perseuere in her first resolution answering that she could not treat with the Bishop of Rome whose authority was excluded out of England by consent of Parliament Canobius when hee had deliuered his Ambassage to the King of Polonia by whom he was well receiued could not goe into Moscouia by reason of the warre betweene that Prince and the King But going into Prussia hee was answered by that Duke that he was of the Augustan Confession and could not consent to a Popish Councell The Suisses assembled in a Diet at Bada heard the Popes Nuncio and receiuing the Briefe one of the Burgomasters of Zuric And of Canobius did kisse it The Pope aduertised hereof could not choose but tell it to all the Ambassadours residing with him with much ioy But hauing consulted The Pope reioyceth that his Bull was kissed by a Burgomaster of Zuric of the businesse concerning the Councell the Catholiques answered that they would send thither and the Euangeliques that they would not accept of it The negotiation of the Nuncij in Neumburg beeing published in Rome there was a whispering against the Pope for sending Ministers to the Diet of the Protestants wherein hee excused himselfe that it was not by his order but by the Emperours to whose direction he did deferre the Nuncij for which hee did not blame him in regard hee did not care for nice points of honour but onely for doing of good The
other Kingdomes where they are Counsellers of Kings and haue the principall offices of which they might easily bee depriued if Princes should take example by his Holinesse and the Secular Nobility incite them to it for their owne interests Therefore if hee would execute this his determination hee should doe it in effects and not in writing lest he should damnifie the Clergy in other Kingdomes very much The Emperour found by experience either at this time or two moneths before when Morone was with him that his vicinity to the Councell did not onely no good as hee thought it would but the contrary rather For the popish Prelates suspecting his deseignes were against the authority of the Court were afraid of euery thing so that the difficulties and suspitions did turne into bitternesse and increase in number Therefore hauing other businesse wherein to employ himselfe with more profit he departed and wrot to the Cardinall of Loraine that the impossiblity of doing good in the Councel being palpable he thought it was the dutie of a Christian and wife Prince rather to support the present euill with patience then by curing it to cause a greater And to the Count of Luna who went vnto him by Post three dayes before he gaue order to write to the Catholike King concerning The Emperor parteth from Isorut the Decree Proponentibus Legatis exhorting his Maiestie in his name to bee content not to desire the reuocation or declaration and if hee did thinke that the not declaring of it might preiudice other Councels the declaration might if need were be made in the end of this And notice beeing giuen that they consulted at Rome and in Trent to proceed against the Queene of And dehorteth the Councell frō proceeding against the Q. of England England he wrote to the Pope and the Legates that if the Councell would not yeeld that fruit as was desired that they might see an vnion of all Catholiques to reforme the Church at the least they should not giue occasion to the heretickes to vnite themselues more which they would doe in case they proceeded against the Queene of England For vndoubtedly they would by that meanes make a generall league against the Catholikes which would bring forth great inconueniences And his admonition was so effectuall that the Pope desisted in Rome and reuoked the Commission giuen to the Legats in Trent After that the Pope had giuen distast to the Spaniards in not giuing place to the Ambassadours to appease them againe he gaue care to the instance of Vargas who had troubled him many dayes together desiring that as meanes was found that the Count of Luna the Ambassadour of his King might come into congregations so the time of celebrating the Session drawing neere his Holines would find a way that he might be there also Whereof hauing considered well and consulted with the Cardinals hee resolued finally that a place separated from the other Ambassadours should be giuen the Count in the Session also and to remedy the comperency which would be in giuing the Incense the pax he gaue order that 2. Censers should be vsed and Incense giuen to the French-men and the Spaniard both at once as also two Paxes to be kissed at the same instant And hee wrote to the Legats to doe so commanding that they should conceale all vntill the time of the execution for feare some inconueniences might bee prepared if it were knowen Morone according to the Popes command concealed the order neither A difference about precedence did the French-men know of it at all On Saint Peters day the 29. of Iune the Cardinals Ambassadours and Fathers being assembled in the Chappell of the Cathedrall Church and the Masse being begun which the Bishop of Asti the Duke of Sauoy his Ambassadour did celebrate on the sudden a murrey veluet chaire came out of the Vestry and was placed betweene the last Cardinall and the first Patriarke and by and by the Count of Luna the Spanish Ambassadour came in and sat vpon it whereat the Prelats kept a great murmuring Loraine complained to the Legats of this sudden act concealed from him The French Ambassadors sent the Master of the Ceremonies to make the same complaint telling the of them ceremonies of the Incense and the Pax. The Legats answered there would be two Censers and two Paxes wherewith the French were not satisfied and said plainely that they would be maintained not in paritie but in precedence and would protest against euery innouation and depart from the Councell These goings and commings continued vntill the end of the Gospel so that the Epistle and Gospel were not heard by reason of the great whisperings The Theologue being gone into the Pulpit to preach the Legats with the Cardinals Ambassadors of the Emperour and de Ferrieres one of the French retired into the Vestry where this matter was handled and the Sermon was ended before any thing was concluded In the midst of the Credo a silence was made and Madruccio with Fiue Churches and the Ambassadour of Polonia came out to speake with the Count of Luna and to pray him in the name of the Legats that for that time hee would bee content that neither Incense nor the Paxe should be giuen to any to hinder this sudden tumult which might cause some great euill promising that at any other time when hee requested they would execute the order of his holinesse of two Censors and two Paxes at once which being considered on before hand both hee and they and all might be able to resolue how to gouerne themselues with wisedome After long discourse they returned with this resolution that the Count was content So they all came out of the Vestry and went to their places and the Masse proceeded without Incense or Paxe And as scone as these words were said Ite missaest the Count of Luna who in the Congregations was wont to goe out last did goe then before the Crosse followed with a great part of the Spanish Prelats and Italians subiect to his King Afterwards the Legat Ambassadours and residue of the Prelats departed also after the vsuall manner The Legats to bee freed from the imputation layd vpon them for this secret and almost fraudulent proceeding n a matter of so great weight were faine to publish the expresse orders receiued from Rome to doe so in that time in that maner and without participation of any De Ferrieres said publiquely that but for the respect he bare to the worship of God hee would haue protested as he had in commission from his King which he would doe hereafter in case the vsuall ceremonies of Incense and paxe were not restored and giuen them in their due place The Cardinall of Loraine also wrote a sharpe letter to the Pope declaring the wrong that should haue beene done them and said modestly that his Holinesse had made him bee told that hee trusted so much in him that hee would that all the affaires of
sint vel minus boni quam caeteri mortales esse solent Englished thus No man expects any sanctitie in Popes now a dayes they are thought to be excellent Popes if they haue neuer so little honestie or be not so wicked as other men vse to be Last of all thou mayest reade an Epistle written by that famous Prelate Bishop Iewell as an answere to a friend of his who liued neere the place and in the time of this vnlawfull assembly or conuenticle at Trent In it thou mayest finde reason enough why the Church of England did neither send Prelates to it nor receiue afterwards the Decrees and Constitutions of it As likewise the Church of France refused to doe though their Bishops were present in it When thou hast read these things consider well of them and the Lord giue thee a true vnderstanding in all things GREGORIE GREGORIE to the Emperour MAVRICIVS concerning IOHN Bishop of Constantinople who hath assumed the name of Vniuersall Bishop Chap. 76. OVrmost religious Lord whom God hath placed ouer vs Ep. 32. amongst other weighty cares belonging to the Empire doth labour by the iust rule of holy writ to keepe the Clergie in peace and charitie Hee truely and piously considereth that no man can well gouerne matters terrene except he can manage well things Diuine also and that the Common-wealths peace and quiet depends vpon the tranquillity of the Church Vniuersall For most gracious Souereigne what humane power or strength would presume to lift vp irreligious hands against your most Christian Maiestie if the Clergie being at vnitie amongst themselues would seriously pray vnto our Sauiour CHRIST to preserue you who haue so well deserued of vs or what Nation so barbarous as would exercise such cruelty against the faithfull except the liues of vs who are called Priests but indeede are not were most depraued and wicked But whilest we leaue those things which belong not vnto vs and imbrace those things for which wee are not fitte wee raise the Barbarians vp against vs and our offences doe sharpen the swordes of our enemies by which meanes the Common-wealth is weakened For what can wee say for our selues if the people of God ouer whom wee are though vnworthily placed bee oppressed by the multitude of our offences if our examples destroy that which our preaching builds and our works giue as it were the lye to our doctrine Our bones are worne with fasting but our mindes are puft vp Our bodies are couered with poore clothing but in our hearts wee are as braue as may be We lie groueling in the ashes but ayme at matters exceeding high Wee are teachers of humilitie but patternes of pride hiding the teeth of wolues vnder a sheepes countenance The end of all is to make a shew to men though God knoweth the trueth Therefore our most pious Souereigne hath been most prudently carefull to set the Church at vnitie that hee might the better compose the tumults of warre and to ioyne their hearts together This verily is my desire and doe yeeld for my part due obedience to your souereigne commands Howsoeuer in regard it is not my cause but Gods and for that not I onely but the whole Church is troubled because religious Lawes venerable Synods and the very precepts of our Lord IESVS CHRIST are disobeyed by the inuention of a proud and pompous speech my desire is that our most Religious Souereigne would lance this sore and would tie the partie affected with the cords of his Imperiall authoritie in case hee shall make his resistance By binding of 〈◊〉 the Common-wealth is eased and by the paring away of such excremen 〈…〉 as these the Empire is inlarged All men that haue read the Gospel doe know that euen by the very words of our LORD the care of the whole Church is committed to S. Peter the Apostle Prince of all the Apostles For to him it is sayd a Iohn 21. Peter louest thou me Feede my sheepe b Luke 22. behold Satan hath desired to winnow thee as wheate and I haue prayed for thee that thy faith should not faile and thou being at the last conuerted confirme thy brethren To him it is said c Matt. 16. Thou art Peter and vpon this rocke I will build my Church and the gates of hell shall not preuaile against it And to thee I will giue the Keyes of heauen and whatsoeuer thou bindest on earth shall be bound also in heauen and whatsoeuer thou shalt loose on earth shall bee loosed also in heauen Behold he hath the Keyes of the Kingdome and the power of binding and loosing is giuen vnto him The care and the principalitie of the whole Church is committed to him and yet is not called Vniuersall Apostle howbeit this most holy man Iohn my fellow Priest laboureth to bee called Vniuersall Bishop I am inforced to crie out and say Oh corruption of times and manners Behold the Barbarians are become Lords of all Europe Cities are destroyed Castles are beaten downe Prouinces depopulated there is no husbandman to till the ground Idolaters doe rage and domineere ouer Christians and yet Priests who ought to lie weeping vpon the pauement and in ashes desire names of vanitie and doe glory in new and profane titles Doe I most Religious Souereigne pleade herein mine owne cause Doe I vindicate a wrong done to my selfe and not maintaine the cause of God Almighty and of the Church Vniuersall Who is hee who presumeth to vsurpe this new name against both the law of the Gospel and of the Canons I would to God there might bee one called Vniuersall without wronging of others We know that many Priests of the Church of Constantinople haue been not onely heretiques but euen the chiefe leaders of them Out of this schoole proceeded Nestorius who thinking it not to be possible that God should be made man did beleeue that IESVS CHRIST the Mediatour betweene God and man was two persons and went as farre in Infidelitie as the Iewes themselues Thence came Macedonius who denied the holy Ghost consubstantiall to the Father and the Sonne to be God If then euery one in that Church doth assume that name by which hee maketh himselfe the head of all good men the Catholique Church which God forbid must needes bee ouerthrowen when hee falleth who is called Vniuersall But let this blasphemous name be farre from Christians by which all honor is taken from all other Priests while it is foolishly arrogated by one It was offered to the Bishop of Rome by the reuerend Councell of Chalcedon in honour of S. Peter Prince of the Apostles but none of them either assumed or consented to vse it lest while this priuiledge should be giuen to one all others should bee depriued of that honour which is due vnto them Why should we refuse this name when it was offered and another should assume it without any offer at all This man contemning obedience to the Canons is the rather to be humbled
oration in Councell 369 Duke of Alua might haue taken Rome but instead of that goeth thither for absolution 406 Duke of Sauoy taketh armes against the Protestants of his valleys 421 Is ouerthrowen by them and maketh a peace 446. Hath many Protestants within his territories 710 Duke of Bauaria sendeth ambassadors to Rome for the Communion of the Cup. 646 And desireth that his Priests may marry 679 E. ECchius opposeth Luther 6 Ecclesiasticall goods are aliened in France without the Popes consent 93 Ecolampadius dieth with sorrow for the death of his fellow Zuinglius 60 Edict of Ausburg about religion 57 Edict of the French King H 〈…〉 y 2. concerning religion 297 Edict of Iuli made in France 448 Edict of March made in France 471 Edward 6. King of England maketh a change in Religion 295 He dieth 283 Electors of Mentz and Triers craue leaue to depart from the Councell 362 And do depart 374 And so doth the Elector of Collen 374 Elizabeth obtaineth the crowne of England the Pope refuseth to acknowledge her she causeth a disputation to bee held in Westminster in matter of religion 411 She is inuited to the Councell in Trent 436 But will not suffer the Popes Nuncio to come into England 440 The Councell would haue proceeded against her but is disswaded by the Emperor 727 Episcopall iurisdiction is discoursed of by the Author 330. 331. c. Erasmus is condemned for his annotations vpon the New Testament which are confirmed by Pope Leo the tenth 473 Excommunication is denounced against all Heretiques in generall onely in the end of the Councell 813 Exemptions what they are is shewed in a large discourse made by the Author 220 Exemption of Cathedrall Churches in Spaine from the iurisdiction of Bishops raiseth a great stirre in the Councell 797 F. FAber sent to Zuric by the Bishop of Constance refuseth to dispute with Zuinglius 17 Faction made in Councell by the Pope and Legates 142. 256 A faction betweene the Dominicans and Franciscans 175. 229. 258 A faction made in Councell by the Pope 463. 504. 580 The Papalins themselues did not like that the Pope should labour so openly to make a maior part 585 A faction made by Cardinall Simoneta about the institution of Bishops 607 Practises vsed by the Legates to perswade the Prelats 621 A factious banquet made by the Arch-bishop of Otranto 627 Cardinall Madruccio said openly there was a Councel within the Councel 658. 659 Faith how many significations it hath 194. 195 Ferdinand desireth to possesse Transiluania and causeth the Bishop of Veradino to bee slaine is absolued by the Pope 373 Publisheth an Edict against innouation in Religion 387 And a Catechisme 387 388 Is installed Emperor and not acknowledged by Pope Paul the fourth but after is acknowledged by Pope Pius the fourth vnto whom he rendreth obedience 420 Goeth to Ispruc that hee may bee neere the Councell 649 Putteth in consultation seuenteene very important points concerning the present Councell 673 Writeth to the Legats and the Pope very effectually for a serious reformation 682. 683. Giueth his word to Cardinall Morone to vse conniuencie hereafter for matters of the Councell 705 His sudden sicknesse maketh the Fathers in Trent afraid 779 780 Fisher Bishop of Rochester is created Cardinall for his great worth and is beheaded 43. dayes after 74 Florence becommeth free and doth deface the Statues of Leo the tenth and of Clement the seuenth 44 Forme of proceeding in Councell 344 Francis the first the French King is taken prisoner at Pauia 35 It set at liberty and absolued from his oath 37 Francis Sforza Duke of Milan dieth 77 Francis of Toledo is Ambassador for the King of Spaine in Councell 154 Perswaded that the reformation should be handled before the doctrine 166 Francis the second the French King persecuteth the Protestants 417 418 He dieth 436 Free will is discussed 208 209 210 French Ambassadour speaketh in Councel 509 The French Ambassadours desire that their Prelats may be expected 552 The French Ambassadour De Ferrieres maketh an oration 631 And another 666 Which vexeth the Fathers 667 The French Ambassadours goe to Venice 790 French petitions are written against in Rome 674 The Pope resolueth not to consent to them 690 French Prelates cited to Rome for Lutheranisme 693 Sentence is pronounced against them 790 They are defended by the King 795 G. GEneua promoteth thereformed religionin France 422 The Pope perswadeth the French King to make warre against that city 423 George Fransperg Generall of an army of Dutchmen carrieth an halter towards Rome to hang the Pope but dieth before he commeth thither 43 George Martinaccio Bishop of Veredino desireth to holde Transiluania in libertie refuseth the offers of K. Ferdinand and is slaine by his ministers 873 Germanie is in the power of the Emperour the two Protestant Heads beeing retired into their countreys 221 Glosses are forbid to be made vpon the Decrees of the Councell of Trent 813 Granuell publisheth a booke to compose religion in Germanie 95 He is sent to the Diet in Noremberg 103 Groperus discourseth of Appeales 334 Guise passeth into Italy with an army to assist the Pope 404 Is defeated by the default of the Caraffi 405 Is recalled by the French King 406 The Guisards holde a parly in Germanie with the Duke of Wittenberg 480 The Duke of Guise is slaine vnder Orlience by Iohn Poltrot a priuat Gentleman 681 His death maketh a great alteration in France 682 H. HEnry 8. King of England writeth against Luther and gaineth the Title of Defender of the Faith 16 Marrieth Anne Bullen 68 Withdraweth his obedience from the Pope and denieth to pay the Peter pence 69 Protesteth against the councel of Mantua 83 And againe against the councell of Vincentia 85 is excommunicated by the Pope and the reasons are declared 86 87 The excommunication was generally contemned 87 He maketh an Edict in matter of religion 89 He dieth and his death causeth much ioy in Rome and Trent 260 Henry 2. the French King maketh a solemne entry into France proceedeth seuerely against the Protestants 297 298 Professeth extraordinary good will to Pope Iulius the 3. 305 Protecteth Parma against the Pope and the Emperour 311 Protesteth against the councel of Trent 315 319 Persecuteth the Protestants 322 But afterwards vseth moderation 407 Proceedeth against the Counsellors of Parliament in a Mercutiall 414 415 He dieth 416 Hermit Friars were ordinarie publishers of Indulgences in Saxonie but were excluded by Aremboldus 5 Hierarohie of the Church what it is 589 590 591. The forme of Hierarchie in what it consisteth 591 592 it should rather be called Hierodoulia 743 Hugonius a French Diuine betrayeth his countrey-men in Councell 632 but cannot endure the flattery of Laynez the Iesuite in maintaining the Popes authority 722 Hugonots in France doe wax bold 470 they haue 2150. Churches in France 480 I. IEsuites will obserue no rule in Councell 543 why their Generall is not in the Catalogue of
Rome 386 Persecuteth the Protestants 387 Her Ambassadours come to Rome 391 Shee dieth 411 Marquis of Brandenburg sendeth Ambassadours to the Councell 342 Masse is discussed 542 they dispute to prooue it to be a sacrifice 544 545 c. a Portugall Diuine saith it can be prooued by tradition only 546. the doctrine of it 573 the abuses of it 574 Mattheo Langi Archbishop of Salzburg did not dislike the assertions of Luther but scorneth that the world should bee reformed by a Monke 55 Maxime in Councell about the maior part of voyces 576 Maximilian the sonne of Ferdinand passeth by Trent 360 promiseth the Protestants there to labor with his Vncle the Emperour that the Councell may be free 361 is thought to be a Protestant 426 which hee doeth not deny to the Popes nephew 429 is crowned King of Bohemia and elected King of the Romans 641 refuseth to promise obedience to the Pope 723 Merits whether they goe before grace or follow 198 N. NAples doth mutin because of the Inquisition brought in and is cherished by the Pope 271 Nations whether they ought to haue voyces in Councell or particular persons 137 508 Nationall Councell is prepared in France 314 425. Number of the Prelates in the Councell of Trent 317 462 the number of those who subscribed the Decrees of the Synod 813 Nunnes which are called Penitenti or Conuertite haue beene Courtesans 808 O. OAth prescribed to be taken by those who are to be admitted to Bishoprickes Abbacies Benefices c. 732. 733 Octauius Farnese cōducteth the Italian troops into Germany against the Protestants 203 receiueth a French Garison into Parma 311 Oration made in the Councell by the Bishop of Bitonto 132 another made by the French Ambassadour Guido Faber 508 Displeaseth the Fathers 509 And is answered 511 An Oration made by the Bauarian Ambassadour 527 An Oration made in Councell for the Count of Luna 709 Displeaseth all the Ambassadours 710 Oration made by the French Ambassadour de Ferrieres against the reformation of Princes 771 772 773 Is answered 775 Which causeth him to make an Apologie 775 Order is held to be a Sacrament and is discussed 586 Seauen orders and all Sacraments 587 How the holy Ghost is giuen in ordination 592 593 What ceremonies be necessary in conferring orders 593 The number of orders and their seuerall functions 734 The Decree concerning them 738 And the Anathematismes 739 Ordination to the title of the Patrimonie is discoursed on by the Author 490 Diuers opinions concerning it 491 Orientall Christians 572 P. PAlatine of Rhene speaketh brauely in the Diet. 14 Embraceth the reformed religion 148 398 Parishes how they came to be diuided 498 Parma and Placentia are giuen by Pope Paul the 3. to his bastard sonne 121 Whereat the Cardinals doe murmure 128 Parma is restored to Duke Octauius by Pope Iulius the 3. 311 Pasquins made in Rome against the Councell 148. Patriarke of Armenia cōmeth to the Pope 382 Paul the 3. created Pope 71 His chiefest vertue was dissimulation 71 Hee perswadeth the Cardinals to reforme themselues 72 Laboureth to gaine Milan for his family 104 Recalleth his forces out of Germanie and is iealous of the Emperour by reason of his victory 222 Recalleth the whole businesse of Reformation to himselfe of which the Legats durst not make vse 254 He dieth 298 Paul the 4. receiueth the English Ambassadours 391 Commandeth the restitution of the Church goods in England and the Peter pence 392 Is proud and cholericke 394 Createth Cardinals contrary to his oath 396 Pretendeth to make peace betweene the Emperour and French King but intendeth nothing but warre 401 Proceedeth against the Colonnesi 402 Threatneth the Emperour and his sonne and prouideth for warre 403 Imprisoneth many great persons ibid. Createth 10. Cardinals more 404 Persecuteth his owne family and instituteth a new gouernement in Rome 408 He dieth for which the Romans reioyce and shew they did detest him 416 Peace concluded betweene the Pope and Emperour 46. is renewed 64 a peace between the Emp. French K. 109 Peace made betweene the French King and the Hugonots displeaseth the Pope 693 695. The conditions of it 696. Peace is concluded betweene the Emperour and the Protestants 378 a peace of religion is established in the Diet of Ausburg 394 the peace of Cambray betweene the Kings of France and Spaine 412 Penance and the Decree thereof 346 347 c. The censure of the Decree 357 358 Petrus Aloisius the Popes sonne Duke of Placentia was murdered in his owne Palace 273 Philip King of Spaine is in great perill at Sea in his iourney into Spaine 417 He persecuteth the Protestants at his arriuall ibid. is angry with the Pope for countenancing the King of Nauarre 443 and with the French King for making peace with the Húgonots 701 Picards in Bohemia 3 Pius the fourth is created Pope 418 hastneth the Generall Councell in Trent for feare of a nationall in France 425 426 but doeth secretly crosse it 427 433 maketh leuies of souldiers 551 Plotteth to make a maior part in Councell 580 which the Papalins themselues said he did too openly 585 is afraid to be accused of simonie 628 complaineth that hee is suspected to hold the councell in seruitude 595 giueth rewards to those that fauour him in councell 660 resolueth to ioyne with the King of Spaine and to neglect the Emperour and French King 685 falleth very sicke which causeth the Fathers to anticipate the Session and precipitate the Councell 802 803 c. Reserueth power to the Pope onely to interprete the Decrees of the Councell 817 818 Placentia is seised by the gouernour of Milan the Duke being slaine 273 and the restitution is demanded by the Pope 287 Pluralitie of Benefices how it beganne and the progresse of it 250 251 c. A dispute by what law it is forbid 253 Polonian Ambassadour maketh fiue demaunds in Rome all distastfull to the Pope 399 Polonian Ambassadors come to Trent and depart presently 460 463 Polonian Ambassador is receiued 617 Polygamie how it was permitted 671 Popes authority was reserued in Councell by saying Sauing in all things the Popes authoritie but it is not suffered so to passe 260 Popes lawes are more strictly obserued then the lawes of God 488 Laynez saith the Pope is about the Councell 613 Pope dying in time of the Councell whether the successor ought to be created in Rome by the Cardinals or in Trent by Nations 627 The French opinion concerning the Popes authoritie 641 661 How farre hee may dispence 675 The Emperour is of opinion that the Councell is aboue the Pope 683 But Pius the fourth goeth about to prooue the contrary by many quotations which her sendeth to the Emperour 684 Which are examined by the Cardinall of Loraine and the other French Prelates 687 The Popes authoritie is much extolled by Laynez 721 To the great distast of the Frenchmen 722 The point concerning the Popes authoritie is deferred for feare of prolonging the Councell
731 732 The Decree is read for sauing the Popes authoritie which was neuer mentioned before 812 The Popes authoritie whether it be necessary to confirme the Decrees of the Councell 812 Pope onely must interprete the Decrees of the Councell of Trent 818 Portugal Ambassadour is receiued in Congregation 476 Preaching claymed by the Regulars as belonging to them wich is denied by the Prelats 161 167 Precedence is claimed by Don Diego the Spanish Ambassadour before the Cardinall of Trent 114 117 By the Duke of Florence before the Duke of Ferrara 443 Princes of the blood in France haue precedence of the Cardinals 449 The Prelates in Trent differ about precedence 467 and so doe the Ambassadours of Portugal and Hungarie 480 Likewise the Bauarian and Venetian Ambassadors differ about precedence 501 and so doe the French and Spanish Ambassadors in Trent 663 In Rome 713 and againe in Trent 727 728 729 Predestination is discussed 210 211 c. Presidents sent by the Pope did neuer gouerne Councels before that of Constance 137 They gaue auricular voyces in Trent 616 Presidents named for the second reduction of the Councel in Trent 310 For the third reduction 444 445 The Presidents onely doe giue audience to the Ambassadours 553. Two new Presidents 681 Presidents of Councels what authority they haue 707 Priesthood and the decree concerning it 738 The Anathematisme belonging to it 739 Prince of Conde is imprisoned 436 Prince of Orange marrieth a daughter of the Duke of Saxonie 456 Proctors sent by the Vice-roy of Naples to giue voyce in Councel for all the Cleargie of that kingdome 118 The Pope decreeth that none shall giue voyce by Proctor 118 The Proctors of the Arch-bishop of Mentz are about to leaue the Councel 122 Prohibition of Bookes is discoursed on by the author 472 Protestants make a conditionall submission to the Councell 274 A consultation how they are to be receiued in Councel 367 Protestant Diuines of Wittenberge and Strasburg come to Trent 374 Fifty thousand Protestants were executed in the Low-Countreys within a short space 413 The Protestants assemble in Noremburg and the Pope sendeth Nuncii vnto them 439 Protestations of Doctors that they refer themselues to the Church are but words of complement and of good manners 249 Protestation of the Emperour against the Councell of Bolonia 279 280 Another Protestation in Rome before the Pope 281 Which the Pope saith the ambassadour did make without commission from his master 282 The ambassadour protesteth againe 284 The French K. protesteth against the Councell in Trent 319 The intended protestation of the French ambassadour about precedence 730 731 Prouerbe in Trent very blasphemous about the bringing of the holy Ghost from Rome 497 Another prouerbe in Councell Wee are fallen from the Spanish Scab to the French poxe 640 A kinde of prouerbe made in France concerning the authoritie of the Councell 822 Purgatorie is spoken of 799 Q. QVeene Mary gouernesse of the low Countreys fauoureth the Protestants 89 Queene mother of France refuseth a Spanish armie to assist her against the Hugonots 648 Writeth to the Pope and Cardinall of Loraine 712 Is complained of by the Pathers for being ruled by the Chastillons and other Hugonots in France 776 Queene of Scotland writeth to the Councell of Trent 703 Queene of England should haue beene proceeded against in Councell but the Emperour would not fuffer it 727 Queene of Nauarre is cited to Rome for Lutheranisme 780 And is defended by the French King 794 795 R. REformation made by Cardinall Campeggio in the Diet of Noremberg 32 33 c. A reformation made in Rome vnder Paul the third was suppressed 79 A reformation of the Court of Rome is set on foot and much discussed 83 84 The Emperour would haue Reformation handled before Doctrine 202 It is wholly recalled by the Pope to be handled in Rome but the Prelates will not yeeld 254 255 A reformation of the Clergie published by the Emperour 292 A reformation made in Councell is complained of by the Priests 343 Another is made in Rome of small matters onely 505 Twentie points of reformation are proposed by the Emperours Ambassadours 513 Nine points of reformation 532 538 The chiefe points of reformation are omitted 568 Reformation is mainely promoted in Councell by the Imperialists and Spaniards 588 The free speeches in Councell concerning reformation doe trouble the Legats 595 600 The reformation of Princes how it began 617 Articles of reformation proposed in Councell by the French-men 650 652 The Pope thinketh that a reformation will not reduce the heretickes 700 A reformation of Cardinals is mainely promoted but vanisheth quickely 726 A reformation proposed by the Imperialists 751 752 The reformation of Princes is deferred 760 An hundred Prelates doe combine to promote it 766 It is declared at large 769 770 The Emperour distasteth it and the French ambassadour de Ferrieres maketh an oration against it 771 772 The Decree of the generall reformation 808 809 c. The reformation of Princes 811 812 c. Regulars are complained of by the Prelats and defend themselues 169 They begin to mutine about their exemptions 761 Their reformation 806 Religion is changed in England 295 384 421 Religion is changed in Denmarke 84 Religion is changed in the Palatinate 148 398 Religion is changed in Scotland 426 451 Reputation is the chiefest ground of the Papall greatnesse 29 Residence is treated of 191 216 217 c. Whether it be de iure diuino 218 219 The Cardinall of Monte will not suffer that question to be decided 232 The question is set on foot againe 486 487 c. It causeth great feare in Rome 502 Is disputed on againe 505 510 The disputation of it is diuerted by the Legates 550 Residence is decreed 723 736 The reformation of it is decreed 739 Richard of Vercelli dieth with griefe because he was in disgrace with the Legats for speaking freely in Councell 566 569 Rites of the Roman Church are diuers 548 Rome is taken by the Colonnesi 41 And by the Dutch-men and Duke of Borbon 43 Rota in Rome which is the greatest Court of iustice there reiecteth a cause of the Bishop of Segouia assisting in Councel for suspicion of heresie because he did not second the Popes designes 678 S. SAcraments in generall are handled 234 235 c. How they doe containe and cause grace 237 A decree of reformation is made concerning them 245 and Anathematismes 248 Safe-conduct is required by the Protestants to goe to the Councell 316 The Contents of it 341 It is disliked by the Protestants 343 344 The Councell refuseth to alter it 369 Santa-Croce the Legate is threatned by the Emperour to bee cast into the riuer Adice 202 Schisme in the Councell some remaining in Trent and others being gone to Bolonia 269 274 Scotland shaketh off obedience to the Pope 426 451 Session the first held in Trent Deocin 13. an 1545. 130 The second Ian. 7. 1546. 139 The third Feb. 4. 1546.