South-East Aquileja is call'd by the French Aquilee by the Germans Aglar and Aglareu a Patriarchal City of Italy in antient times very great and one of the principal Cities of Italy the Residence of some Emperours In 452. Attila King of the Huns took and destroyed it after a Siege of 3 Years after this being rebuilt by Narsetes it was again Burnt and Ruin'd by the Lombards in 590. and was after this rebuilt by Poponâ— Patriarch of it In antient times it was under the temporal Jurisdiction of these Patriarchs but being afterwards taken by the Dukes of Austria it remains to this day in their hands It is now almost desolate by reason of its bad Air troublesom Rubbish and Ruins and the Vicinity of Venice which draws all Trade from it This City lies between the River Isonzo to the East and Ansa to the West and is not above 9 Miles distant from the Shoars of the Adriatick Sea on the North. It lies in 36. 10. Long. and 45. 45. Lat. Aquino Aquinum a very antient City in the Terra di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Capona and heretofore a Roman Colony Almost Ruin'd and little consiberable now but for its being the Birth-place of S. Thomas Aquinas as formerly of the Poet Juvenal Aquisgrana Aquisgranum See Aix la Chapelle Aqutaine Aquatania a third Part of the antient Gaul supposed to be so call'd from the abundance of its Waters The Emperour Augustus divided it into Prima and Secunda including within both Bordeaux Agne Angoulesme Xaintes Poitiers Perigueux Bourges Clermont Rodes Albi Cahors Limoges Mende and Puy Whereunto the Emperour Adrian added a third Province by the Name of Novempopulonia See Gascoigne This Country continued in Obedience to the Roman Empire till Honorius about the Year 412. yielded part thereof to Athaulfe King of the Goths whose Successours took occasion thereupon to Usurp the whole About the Year 630. it came into the Possession of the Crown of France entirely The Gascoigners soon revoulted giving to Eudos their Leader the Title of Duke of Aquitain which brought on a War that was not ended till the powerful Reign of Charles the Great In 778. Charles the Great erected Aquitaine into a Kingdom in the Person of Lewis the Debonnaire his Son It continued a Kingdom about 100 Years and then broke into particular Fiefs and Hereditaments In 1152. it came to the Crown of England as Dukes of Aquitaine in the right of Eleanor Wife to Henry II. For its fortunes since see Gascoigne Arabia is a very large Country in Asia having on the North Syria and Diarbechia upon the East the Persian Gulph and the Streights of Basor by which it is separated from Persia on the South it has the Arabian Sea and on the West the Red Sea which cuts it off in great part from Africa The Southern and Eastern parts which are the greatest are well cultivated but the Northern is for the most part barren and sandy having but few Inhabitants or Cities by reason of the vast Desarts barren Mountains and want of Water It is all under Princes of its own except a small part of Arabia Petraea in which the Turks have some few Forts This vast Country is divided into three Parts viz. The Desart The Happy and The Stony Arabia Deserta the Desart is the least part of all the three and lies most North call'd by the Asiaticks Berii Arabistan bounded on the South by the Mountains of Arabia the Happy on the East by the Province of Iraca heretofore Chaldea upon the North by Diarvechia from which it is separated by the River Euphrates upon the West by Syria the Holy Land and Arabia the Stony Arabia Foelix the Happy is the greatest of all the three parts and lies extended to the South and East it is call'd by the Inhabitants Jemen and is encompass'd on all sides by the Sea except towards the North where it bounds upon the other two Arabia's There are in this part many Kingdoms and great Cities the Soil being fruitful and the Country not easie to be invaded by the neighbour Nations by reason of its Situation Arabia Petraea the Stony lies more West and is call'd by the Turks Dase-lik Arabistan or as others say Baraab Arabistan by the Natives it is bounded on the North by the Holy Land and part of Syria on the East by Arabia Deserta in part and by Arabia Foelix in part as also on the South and on the West it has the Red Sea and Egypt Two things have made these Countries known to all the World The wandering of the Children of Israel 40 Years in the first and the Birth of that great Deceiver Mahomet in the latter of these three Parts Aracuâ—es a People of Chili which are the most Warlike of all the Americans Arach Parthia a Province of the Kingdom of Persia Arach Petra the chief City of Arabia Petraea once the capital City of Moab and then call'd Rabath afterwards an Archbishops See under the Patriarch of Jerusalem being taken from the Patriarch of Alexandria it was also once call'd Cyriacopolis and Mons Regalis by some now Krach it stands upon the Confines of Palestine near the Brook Zareth and lies in 66. 45. Long. and 30. 20. Lat. Arad Caucasus is a Mountain of Asia which the Fable of Prometheus has made very well known It is that part of Mount Taurus which lies betwixt the Euxine or Black Sea on the West and the Caspian Sea on the East including the Mengrelians Coraxicos Caitachians Heniochos and the Achaeans Achaeos It is continued also amongst the Asiatick Tartars as far as to the Cimmerian Bosphorus now commonly call'd Cocas This Mountain is very high and always covered with Snow It is call'd by Hayton the Armenian Cochias by others Albsor by Niger Adazer by Circassians Salatto and by the French le mont de Circassie Aradus an Island and City of Phaenicia in the Syrian Ocean over against Tortosa sometime the Seat of a Bishop till it fell under the Tyranny of the Turks Arafat a Mountain within a League or two of Mecca in Arabia On the top of it there is a Mosque whither the Mahometan Pilgrims repair tofinish their Devotions after their performance of the Ceremonies of Mecca It is the same they say that Abraham would have Sacrificed his Son Isaac upon in Commemoration whereof before they part they kill some Sheep in the Valley of Mina below and what they present not amongst their Friends they distribute to the Poor by the name of Corban that is their Oblation Aragon See Arragon Arais Araxes See Achlar Arakil-Uanc a Celebrated Village and Monastery at the foot of Ararat in Armenia in great esteem amongst the People there who believe it to be the place where Noah after the Deluge retired to offer his Sacrifices of Thanksgiving to God for his miraculous Preservation Aran Arania is a very fruitful Vale in Aquitain â—n France which lies between
is situated near the River Alan and was heretofore the Seat of a Bishop Bodrogh a City of the Upper Hungary on the River Danube which was heretofore the Capital of an Earldom This place lies 7 German Miles South of Segedin 16 East of Buda and about 4 Miles North of Esseck it is now in the hands of the Emperor by the Conquest of Buda and Segedin in 1686. Bodrog a River of the Upper Hungary which riseth in the Carpathian Hills and falls into the Tibiscus at Tokay Boeotja an antient Province of Greece now called Stramulipa Plutarch and Pausanias and Epaminondas were Natives thereof the famous Helicon and Aganippe stand in it the Rivers Asopus and Cephisus watered it and in all the former Wars of Greece this Province bore a considerable Share See Stramulipa Bogazin the Streight between Constantinople and Asia antiently called Bosphorus Thracicus Bogdiana the same with Moldavia Bohemia a great Kingdom in Germany belonging to the House of Austria which though it is almost encompassed by the German Territories yet is properly no part of Germany It has a distinct and different Language and been a separate Kingdom ever since the year 1086. Bounded on the North and West by the Dukedom of Saxony on the East by Hungary and on the South by Bavaria and Austria containing almost 40 Towns and Cities in it that they call Royal whereof Prague is the Capital This Kingdom maintained great Wars with the Caroline Race of Kings till about the year 894. Borzivoius Duke of Moravia becoming Prince also of Bohemia procured their imbracing the Christian Faith universally When in the year 1196. Petrus Capuanus one of the Cardinals of Rome would have brought in Celibacy amongst their Clergy he met with great opposition and ran the hazard of being slain by the Bohemian Priests They received the Waldenses who fled hither about the year 1230. John Hus's and Jerom of Prague about the year 1414. had great success in their Preaching and George Podiâ—bach King of Bohemia became his Convert In 1454. there was another Accession of the Waldenses insomuch that in 1467. there was 200 Churches of this Persuasion in Bohemia and Moravia In the year 1536 they imbraced Luther's Reformation 1564 they obtained from Maximilian that Liberty which Ferdinand I. had deny'd them which lasted but one Year In 1575. they obtained their Liberty again which was confirm'd in the Year 1611. by Rodolphus II. Matthias the next Emperor not maintaining these Grants they chose Frederick Elector Palatine King of Bohemia and Crown'd him at Prague in 1619. This caused a War with the House of Austria The Elector being ejected by force of Arms in the Year 1620 for 30 Years following Germany became an Acheldama a Field of Blood and the Reformation was ruined by an Edict made in 1630. And the House of Austria in Germany was in almost equal danger Albertus Duke of Austria obtained this Crown by Election in the Year 1437. And in the Year 1526 Ferdinand Arch-Duke of Austria was freely elected after the former Branch had been discontinu'd since which time there has been no Interruption but that unfortunate one made by Frederick Elector Palatine so that it is become by the Strength of the House of Austria and the Weakness of the Bohemians an Hereditary Kingdom to the House of Austria The King of Bohemia is the first secular Elector of the Emperor of Germany though it be no part of the Empire Boiana a River that divides Dalmatia from Macedonia this River is commonly call'ed il Drino and in its proper place I shall speak more of it Boiano a Colony and City of the Samnites in the County of Molise upon the River Biferno which falls into the Adriatick Sea It stands at the foot of the Apennine in the borders of Campania 18 Miles from Trivento towards the North and 22 from Capua towards the East and though it is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Benevento yet it is little and ill built and ill inhabited Boii an ancient People 1. of Gallia Celtiqua possessing the Provinces now called Auvergne and Bourbonnois in France 2. of Bavaria in Germany otherwise mentioned by the Names of Bojares and Bavari See Bavari 3 Of Gallia Cispadana in Italy where are now the Dutchies of Modena and Parma See Gallia Boisâ—clle or Enrichemont Boscabellum a Town in the Dukedom of Berry in France with a Castle and the Title of a Principality betwixt Bourges and Sancerre Bois-de-Trahison or Bois-de-Gamelon a Forrest upon the Banks of the Seine betwixt Paris and Pontoise in France One Gamelon in the time of Charles the Great using to ambuscade Men here has left his Name to the Place Boisy a Seigniory in the Country of Chablais in Savoy near the Lake of Geneva Bolena Bolina Bolaenae an ancient City of the Morea mention'd by Pausanias and Stephanus near to Patras and the River Glaueus and sometime an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Patras Bolene a Town in the County of Venaisin in Provence in France upon the Ascent of a little Hill with the River Letz gliding at its foot It shews the ruines of a Castle Boleslaw Boleslavia a small City in Bohemia upon the River Gizera which falls into the River Albus This City stands eight Miles from Prague towards the North-East There is another call'd Irung-Bunczel which stands within two Miles of Prague where the Gizera falls into Albus which last was built in 935. They are distinguished from each other by the Names of the Old and the Younger Boleslaw Bollerbrun a Lake near the Village of Altembeck in the Province of Westphalia in Germany having a remarkable strong Flux and Reflux daily Bolli Paphlagonia a Province of the â—esser Asia Bologna in Italy See Bononia Bologne à la mèr the Icius Portus of Cesar Gessoriacus Portus and Gessoriacum a City of Picardy a Province of France it is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Rhemes and stands upon the River Liana Lenart which there falling into the British Sea on the South of this City makes a convenient Hâ—ven This City is distant from Calis about seven Leagues to the South and five from Estaples to the North. It gives name to a small County which from it is called le Bonlenois The Town is divided into two parts the Upper and the Lower both which are well fortified This place seems to have been the usual place of passing into Britain during the Roman Empire and both Claudius and Caligula came to it on that account And Pliny saith it was the shortest and most convenient Passage It began to be called Bononia about the time of Constantine the Great who took it in his Passage to his Father then dying at York Henry the VII of England in 1487. reduc'd this City to a very low condition when he entred France for the Protection of the Dutchy of Britain but then Charles the VIII of France bought his Peace and preserv'd it His Son Henry the VIII took
from Paris to the South near the River Allier This City was erected from a Barony into a Dukedom by Charles le bel in 1327. And its Castle is reputed a place of great Strength § The Island of Bourbon otherwise call'd Mascarenhi is an Island under the French ever since the Portugueze lost it to them in the Aethiopick Ocean to the East of Madagascar about 25 Leagues in Length and 14 in Breadth They say there is a Volcano in some part of it the rest is very fruitful Bourbon l' Ancy a Town and Castle in the Province of Burgogne in France 7 Leagues from Moulins and one quarter of a League from the Loyre It is much in Esteem for Mineral Waters which are here covered with a Noble Structure of the Ancient Roman Work This Town was never taken in the Civil Wars It gives Name to a Territory in the Diocese of Autun that is parted from the Province of Bourbonnois by the River Loyre Boyne Bouinda a River in the Province of Leinster in Ireland which runs hard by Drogheda where K. James II. and his Army being about 25000 men encamped on the South side of this River received the Defeat of Jul. 1. 1690. by K. William in Person The Duke of Schomberg was killed in the Action Burbourg Burburgus a Town in the East of Flanders not above one Mile from Graveling which was taken by the French in 1657. and has remained ever since in their Hands Bourdeaux Burdegala the Capital of the Province of Guienne and an Archbishops See the Seat of one of the Parliaments of France rich well built and populous It has a noble Haven at the Mouth of the River Garonne much frequented by the Dutch and English and all other Northern Nations for Wine Salt c. So that this City is deservedly accounted one of the best in France It is also built in a very fruitful Soil and rarely improved by Art and Industry It gave Birth to Ausonius the Poet and to Richard II. King of England It has also a very strong Castle call'd le Chateau Trompette And was an University in the times of the Romans which Honor has been reconferred upon it by Charles VII Eugenius IV. and Lewis XI since which times it has produced many very learned Men First built by the Galls improved by the Romans made the Capital of a Kingdom by the Goths It fell into the hands of lesser Lords with the Title of Counts or Earls after the times of Charles the Great United with the Dukedom of Guienne in the times of Charles the Bald. Alenora the Daughter and Heir of Lewis VII of that House being married first to the King of France and after to Henry I. of England this Dukedom was annexed to the Crown of England and continued so till wrested from them by Charles VII of France in the Reign of Henry VI. The French had indeed usurped it before upon King John but the English were not without hope of recovering it till this last mentioned time It has given some disturbances to the Reigns of Lewis IX and XIV but is now finally brought under having in 1650. been reduced by force of Arms and a Siege There has been many National Councils held here and some Provincial Synods it stands about 12 Leagues from the shoars of the Ocean upon the South side of the Garonne in the most Southern Part of France in Long 20. 10. and Lat. 44. 50. The antient Inhabitants by Pliny and Strabo have the Title given them of Bituriges Vivisci to distinguish them from those of Bourges called Bituriges Cubi Borganeuf a Town in the Province of la Marche in France upon the little River Taurion three Leagues from S. Leonard and 5 from Limoges Some are pleased to include it in Poictou Bourgen Bresse Forum Sebusianorum Tamnum Burgus a City in the County of Bresse in France upon the River Resousse 5 Leagues distant from Mascon to the East and 9 from Lyons to the North It has been under the Crown of France ever since 1601 when this whole County which before pertained to the Dukedom of Snvoy was taken in It had a strong Citadel erected in 1569 which was demolished in 1611. The City is seated in Marshes and called by some by mistake Tanus adorned with a Bishops See by Pope Leo X in 1521. but this See was suppressed again by Pope Paul III. Bourg sur Mer a Town in Guienne built upon the mouth of the Dordogne Duranium where it unites with the Garone which heretofore was well fortified it stands 5 Leagues from Bourdeaux to the North. Le Bourg de Viviers or the Bourg de S. Andeol Burgus S. Andeoli is the most populous Town in the County of Viviers seated in a Plain upon the River Rhosne 25 Leagues lower than Lions antiently called de Gentibus Here S. Andeolus a Sub-deacon suffered Martyrdom under Severus the Emperor and from him the Town has its name as appears by the Registers of this Church Bourges Bituricae Biturix Biturgium Avaricum is a very great City and an Archbishops See the Head of the Dukedom of Berry seated as it were in the centre of France upon the River Eure which falls into the Seine above Roan and naturally a strong Place It has a noble Cathedral and an University famous for the Canon and Civil Laws The Archbishops enjoyed the Title of Primates of Aquitain from the IX Century to the time of Pope Clement V. who having been Archbishop of Bourdeaux transferred the Primacy from Bourges thither Several Councils and Synods have been held here particularly in 1438. one under Charles VII recognized the famous Council of Basil and the Pragmatique Sanction which continued thence in force till suppressed by the Concordate betwixt Pope Leo X. and Francis I. in the year 1516. It is 7 Leagues from la Charite to the West 22 from Orleans to the North. Lewis XI King of France was born here Bourgogne or Burgundy Burgundia a very large Province in France divided into 2 parts the one of which is called the Dukedom and the other the County of Burgundy The Dukedom of Burgundy hath on the East the Franche County and Savoy on the West Bourbonnois on the North Champagne and on the South la Bresse Lionois and some part of Baujolois A Country not fruitful in any thing but Wines and fine Rivers This Dukedom was seized by Lewis II. upon pretence of want of Heirs Males upon the Slaughter of Charles the Hardy by the Switzers in 1467 and ever since it has been in the possession of the Crown of France The County of Burgundy hath on the East the Mountain Jour which parts it from Switzerland on the West the Dutch of Burgundy from which it is divided by the Sâ—aâ—ne on the North and a Branch of the Mountain Vauge which divideth it from la Bresse it is reckoned to be 90 Miles in length and about 60 in breadth for the most part Mountainous but fruitful of
from which it is parted by the River Leye the chiefest Town is L'isle Insula First united to France by Dagobert one of their Kings by whom about 621. it was granted to Liderick de Buque with the Title of Forester In 864. it was granted to Baldwin I. by the Title of Earl of Flanders the Sovereignty being reserved to France whose Homagers these Earls were This Earldom by the Marriage of Philip Duke of Burgundy with Margaret Daughter of Lewis de Malatin Earl of Flanders in 1369. came into the House of Burgundy and so to the House of Austria by the Marriage of Mary Daughter and Heir of Charles the Hardy to Maximilian Emperor of Germany in 1476. in which Family it still is This though the prime Earldom of all Europe yet was a Homager to the Crown of France till Charles V. having taken Francis I. his Prisoner in the Battel of Pavy in Italy by a Treaty at Madrid infranchised it from that Servitude Since the time of Philip II. it has been extreamly curtailed and harassed many of the Inhabitants flying then into England not only depopulated but impoverished it by carrying away its Trade And the Hollanders Revolting not only added to this Calamity by a War of forty years continuance but took from them several Towns in the Northern parts Of later times the French have made the same devastations on the Southern so that not above half Flanders is now left to the Spaniards and that in a weak and declining condition Flassans a small Village in Provence in the Diocese of Freâ—us remark'd for giving name to an eminent Poet of that Country in the thirteenth Century as likewise in the person of Sieur de Flassans sirnamed the Knight of the Faith for his zeal against the Huguenots of Provence in 1562. Flatholm an Island in the Severn over against Somersetshire Flavigni Flaviniacum a small Town in the Tract of Auxois in Burgundy betwixt Dijon and Samur upon a little River near the antient Alize There stands an Abbey of the Benedictines in it La Fleche a Town in the Province of Anjou in France upon the Loyre towards the Frontiers of Maine Henry le Grand founded a College of Jesuits there in 1603 whose heart is interred in the same Flensburg Flensburgum a City of the Kingdom of Denmark on the South of Jutland upon the Bay of Flens on the Baltick Sea in the Dukedom of Sleswick four German Miles West of the Isle of Alsen and 6 from Frederichstad to the North-East It is but small seated on high Hills with a large Haven and a strong Castle The City is under the King of Denmark but the Territory which belongs to it is under the Duke of Holstein Gottorp Christian V. King of Denmark was born here in the year 1646. Flerus a Village in the County of Namur below Charleroy near the Sambre rendered remarkable by the Battel betwixt the French and Dutch Armies on July 1. 1690. fought upon the Plains thereof with the Victory to the French Fleury or S. Benoît sur Loyre Floriacum a small Town which has a noble and an ancient Monastery of the Order of S. Benedict whose Body lies interred therein seated upon the Loir nine Leagues from Orleans to the East It stands according to some in Le Gastinois to others in the Dukedom of Orleans and deserves to be remembred for the sake of Hugo Floriacensis a Learned Monk of this House who wrote a loyal and a christian Discourse concerning the Origine of Monarchy which he dedicated to Henry II. King of England Published by Baluzius in his fourth Tome of Miscellanies § There is another Fleury in the Dukedom of Burgundy upon the River Ousche three Leagues from Dijon to the West A third in Biere which has a Priory and a fourth in the Isle of France Fliez Phligadia a Mountain in Sclavonia Lazius placeth it in Liburnia upon the Adriatick Sea Flie Flevo an Island at the Mouth of the Rhine which has a fine Haven and a rich Town It stands at the entrance of the Zuidersee near the Texel The English Fleet under Sir Robert Holms entred this Port in 1666 burnt one hundred sixty five Sail of Ships and took and burnt the Town of Schelling which is the chief of that Island Flintshire one of the twelve Shires in Wales bounded on the North with an Arm of the Irish Sea which parts it from Cheshire on the East of it and on all the other Quarters by Denbighshire It is Hilly but not mountainous fruitful in Wheat and Barley but especially Rie upon the Northern Shoar stands Flint Castle which gives name to the whole Shire begun by Henry II. and finished by Edward I. wherein Richard II. renounced the Crown of England Whereupon Henry Duke of Lancaster claimed it and intailed a War on the English Nation that bid fair for its Ruine The Title of Earl of Flint belongs to the Prince of Wales Flix a strong Castle upon the River Ebro in Catalonia supposed to be the old Ibera S. Florentin a Town of France in Senois in Champagne Florence Florentia one of the principal Cities of Italy called by Pliny Fluentia by the Italians Fiorenza and proverbially epitheted La bella from its great beauty The Capital of the Province of Toscany and the Residence of the Great Duke It was built by Sylla's Soldiers in the Year of Rome 675 seventy six years before the Birth of our Saviour upon the River Arno which passeth through it and is covered by four stately Bridges within the Walls It is five or as others say seven Miles in compass paved with Stone adorned with large Streets and stately magnificent Buildings both publick and private to the Beauty of which the natural Ingenuity of the Citizens has contributed very much no place having afforded more excellent Architects Painters and Carvers than this as Schottus observes It is seated in a gentle and healthful Air upon a great and a navigable River surrounded with a delicate Plain pleasant Hills high Mountains and abounding in whatsoever is valuable or useful said to contain above seven hundred thousand Souls It may justly own Charles the Great for its Founder who in 902 enlarged and new Walled it adding one hundred and fifty Towers an hundred Cubits high from whenceforward it began to flourish though it suffered very much from the Factions of the Guelphs and Gibellins that is the Imperial and Papal Parties This City purchased its Liberty of Rodolphus the Emperor about 1285 after which they subjected many of their Neighbours but were never quiet from Foreign Wars or Intestine Divisions till they fell under a second Monarchic Government in the interim Pope Martin V. advanced the Bishop to an Archbishop in 1421. Nor is it less remarkable for a Council held here for uniting the Greek and Latin Churches which began in 1439 and ended in 1442. Nor is the Death of Jerome Savanarola to be forgotten who was burnt here in 1494 for reproving the Vices of
between the British Sea to the West the Garonne to the North and East and Spain to the South and was the ancient Aquitania and afterwards Novempopulonia that is the third part properly of the antient Aquitania in the division of the Emperour Augustus corrected by Adrian See Aquitaine It had this Name from the Gascoignes or Vascones a Spanish People which setled here and were Conquered by Theodebert and Theodorick Kings of France at last totally subdued by Dagobert another King of that Nation but ascribed by the Chronologers to Aribert a Contemporary King in 634. This Name is sometimes taken for all Gascony or the Generalité de Guienne or de Bourdeaux divided at present into eleven Parts Bourdelois Bazadois Condomois Armagnac Bearn Gascogne Basques Bigorre Comminges Baionne and Albret This Country for a long time belonged to the Crown of England as Dukes of Aquitaine It came in 1152. to Henry II. King of England in the Right of Eleanor his Wife Though King John was adjudged to have forfeited this and all his other Dominions in France by the pretended Murther of Arthur whereupon the French entered and in 1203. and 1204. Conquered Main Angiers and Normandy King John's Subjects not well agreeing with him yet in 1206. he made one Expedition to Rochel and took Mount Alban whereby he preserved Gascony And though his Son lost Rochel to the French in 1224. yet in 1225. by his Brother Richard Earl of Cornwal he reduced the Rebellious Gascoignes to Obedience and in 1242. attempted to recover Poictou but with no good success In 1259. for a Sum of Money given him by Lewis IX he resigned Normandy Main and Anjou reserving to himself Gascony Limosin and Aquitain in consideration whereof he was to have fifty thousands Crowns and from henceforward they were stiled Dukes of Guienne in the Possession of this the Kings of England continued till the twenty ninth Year of the Reign of Henry VI. which was the Year of our Lord 1452. when the Weakness of that Prince and the good Fortune of Charles VII deprived the English of all their Possessions in France ever since which time Gascony has been in the hands of the French It is observed as the French change the Letters V and W into G in the words Galles for Wales and Gascoigne for Vasconia so particularly the Gascoigners interchange the Letters V and B with one another in giving the same pronunciation to both Therefore says Joseph Scaliger of them Foelices populi quibus bibere est vivere Gastinois Vostinum a Territory in the Isle of France towards la Beauce between the Rivers of Estampes and Vernison to the West the River Yonne which separates it from Senonois on the East and the Territory of Puysaie and Auxerrois to the South The principal Town is Montargis thirteen Miles South of Paris Gath a City of Palestine upon the Frontiers of the Tribe of Juda towards the Syrian Sea seated on a hill It was one of the five Satrapies of the Philistines and the birth place of Goliah Gattinara a Town in the Principality of Piedmont advanced to the dignity of an Earldom by the Emperor Charles V. Gatton an ancient Borough Town in the County of Surrey and the Hundred of Reygate which elects two Members of Parliament Roman Coyns have been often digged up here Le Gave de Oleron Gabarus Oloronensis a River of Bearn which ariseth from the Pyrenean Hills from two Springs le Gave de Aspe to the West and le Gave de Osseau to the East which unite at the City of Oleron in Bearn and running Westward beneath Sauveterre it takes in from the South le Gave del Saison which comes from Mauleon beneath which it falls into le Gave de Pau a River of Aquitain which arising in Bigorre more East than the former but out of the Pyrenean Hills also at a Place called Bains de Bareâ—ge and running North-West by Pau in Bearn as far as Ourtes turns Westward and taking in Gave de Oleron falls into the Adour less than five Miles beneath Dax and four above Baionne to the East Gavot a small Territory in Vallais or Wallisserlandt one of the Suisse Cantons Comte de Gaure a County of France in Aquitaine in Armaignac between Lomagne Gimont and Condom the principal Town in it is Verdun four Miles from Tolouse to the North and about eight from Aux to the East Gaures Ghiaours or Ghiabers a numerous People dispersed about the Indies and the Kingdom of Persia in the Provinces particularly of Kherman where stands their principal Temple and Hyerach of a different Institution in Religion from all the World besides following the Scriptures of one Ebrahim zer Ateucht a Prophet pretended before the time of Alexander the Great and as tho they retained something of the old Religion of the Persians they have such a Veneration for Fire especially what the Priest consecrates that they take the most solemn Oaths before it The Persian Proverb upon these People it A Ghiaber may worship the Fire a hundred years yet if he falls into it but once it will certainly burn him Gazara Gaza a City of Palestine in Asia which belonged anciently to the Tribe of Judah as appears by the Sacred Scriptures it was the fifth Satrapy of the Philistines seated near the Shoars of the Mediterranean Sea on the Confines of Idumaea towards Egypt Conquered by Judah Judg. 1. 18. but not long enjoyed Made famous by Samson Pharaoh King of Egypt gave it a second Name Gen. xlvii 1. Alexander the Great totally ruined it In the times of the Machabees a new Gaza arose which in those of Christianity was made a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Caesarea The Grecians finding Gaza signified a Treasury in the Persian Tongue thought the Persians under Cambyses had given it this name Alexander the son of Aristobulus took the New Gaza and demolished it but no Alexander could so ruine this City but it would recover again Augustus annexed this Gazara and Hippon to Syria and in the time of Constantine the Great it was called Constantia from a Sister of that Prince The Saracens possessed themselves of it in the year of our Lord 633. three years before they took Jerusalem by whom it is now called Gaza Gazara and Aza Here our Authors divide as to its present State Baudrand saith it is little yet divided into two parts the Upper and Lower and that it has a Prince of its own though he is subject to the Turks called the Emir or Pacha de Gaza who is Master of it and the Neighbouring Country but Jo. Bunon saith it is great and twice as big as Jerusalem This City had a Port called Majuma Our Sandys in his Travels lib. 3. p. 116. saith it is seated upon a Hill environed with Valleys and those again well nigh inclosed with Hills most of them planted with all sorts of delicate Fruits the Buildings mean both for Form and Matter the best of rough Stone arched within and flat
England Bounded on the North with the German Ocean on the East in part by the same Ocean in part by Suffolk on the South by the Rivers of VVaveney and the little Ouse which part it from Suffolk on the West with the great Ouse and towards Lincolnshire with that part of the Nene which passeth from VVisbich to the Washes It containeth in length from Yarmouth to VVisbich fifty Miles in breadth from Thetford to VVells thirty in circuit about two hundred and forty The Southern parts which are Wood Lands are fruitfull the Northern or Champain barren and dry In the whole are six hundred and sixty Parishes and thirty one Market Towns and besides the VVaveney and the Ouse watered by the Rivers Yare and Thryn It s Capital City Norwich The largest County next to Yorkshire in England and surpassing even Yorkshire in populousness In the time of the Heptarchy it was a part of the Kingdom of the East-Angles The first Earl of Norfolk was Ralph de VVaet Created in the Year 1075. After whom succeeded the Bigots from 1135 to 1270 in six Descents In 1313 Tho. de Brotherton a Son of Edward I. was made Earl of Norfolk Margaret his Daughter in 1398 was made Duchess whose Son Thomas Mowbray and his Descendents continued the Honor to the Year 1461. In 1475 Richard Duke of York was made Duke of Norfolk In 1483 John Lord Howard was vested with the same Honor in whose Family it now is Henry the present Duke of Norfolk being the ninth Duke of this Race Norimburgh See Nurenberg Norin a fort of Dalmatia betwixt the River Narenta and the branch thereof called Norin which returns into the bed of the Narenta again Under the Venetians Norkoping Norcopia a small City in Sweden between two Lakes five Miles from the Baltick Sea in the Province of Ostrogothia by the River Motala ten Miles from the Lake Veter East Normandy Neustria Normannia is a great and fruitful Province in France which has the Title of a Dukedom It has this name from the Normans who under Rollo their first Duke setled here in the time of Charles the Simple King of France Bounded on the North and West by the British Sea on the East by Picardy on the South by le Perche and le Maine It lies sixty six Leagues from East to West and from North to South about thirty the principal City in it is Roan or Roiien This Province is divided into twelve Counties but more usually into the Upper and Lower Normandy the former containing the Bailywicks of Roiien Eureux Caux and Gisors the other those of Alenzon Caen and Constantin It s principal Rivers are the Seine Eure Risle Dive Soule Ouve c. A cold Climate plentiful in Corn Cattel and Fruits but generally wanting Wine It yields some Mines of Iron and Brass together with Medicinal Waters Is better inhabited by Gentry than almost any other Province of France and reckons above a hundred Cities and a hundred and fifty great Towns standing in it Rollo the first Duke under whom the Normans besieged Paris three times obtained that Title in 912. from Charles the Simple who gave his Daughter in Marriage to him upon condition to hold Normandy in homage to the Crown William the base Son of Robert the sixth Duke Conquered England in 1066 by which means it was United to the Crown of England till 1202 when King John was outed of it Henry V. about 1420. reconquered this Duchy His Son lost it again about 1450. ever since which time it has been annexed to the Crown of France De Noort Caep Rubaea Rubeae Promontorium is the most Northern Point of Finmark and indeed of all Europe § There is a Cape of the same Name in Guiana in South America Nortgow Nortgovia a Province of Germany between Bohemia to the East the Danube to the East and South which parts it from Bavaria Schwaben and Franconia to the West and Voigtland to the North. The Capital of it is Norimburg This name in the German Tongue signifies the North Country It was the Seat of the antient People Nariscâ— North-Allerton A Market Town in the North-Riding of Yorkshire near the Stream Wisk which falls into the Swale The Capital of its Hundred Northamptonshire Northantonia is seated almost in the midst of England on the North it is parted from Lincolnshire by the River Weland on the East from Huntington by the Nene on the South it has Buckingham and Oxford and on the West Warwickshire separated by Watlingstreet a Roman way From North to South it is forty six Miles in length but not full twenty in breadth where broadest In the whole there are three hundred twenty six Parishes and thirteen Market Towns The Rivers Nen and VVeland have their rise in this County together with the Ouse The Air is temperate the Soil rich fruitful champain full of People The chief Town is Northampton pleasantly seated on the Bank of the River Nen where two Rivulets from the North and South fall into it which for its Circuit Beauty and Buildings may be compared with most of the Cities of England It was burnt by the Danes In the Wars in King John's time it suffered much from the Barons Near this City in 1460. Henry VI. was overthrown and first taken Prisoner by Edward IV. In 1261 the Students of Cambridge are said to have removed hither by the King's Warrant with Intentions to have setled the University here In the Reign of King Charles II. Sept. 1675. it was totally destroyed by Fire but by the favour of that gracious Prince and the chearful Contributions of good People soon rebuilt Long. 19. 40. Lat. 52. 36. To omit the more ancient Families VVilliam Lord Compton was created Earl of Northampton by King James I. in 1618. The present Earl George is the fourth of this Noble Family Northausen Northusia an Imperial Free City of Germany in Thuringia upon the River Zorge between Erford to the South and Halberstad to the North eight German Miles from either This City is under the Protection of the Elector of Saxony and said to have been built by Meroveus I. King of the Franks in the Year of Christ 447. The North Foreland Cantium a Cape of the Isle of Thaâ—â—â—â— in Kent famous for a Sea Fight between the English and the Dutch in 1666. When the brave Duke of Albemarle with only two Squadrons of the English Fleet maintained a Fight against the whole Dutch Fleet of an hundred Sail two days together Prince Rupert coming up in the Evening of the second day the English fell again the third on the Dutch Fleet and beat them home which all things considered was the most wonderful Naval Fight that ever was fought upon the Ocean Northumberland Northumbria is parted on the South by the Derwent and the Tyne from the Bishoprick of Durham on the East it has the German Ocean on the North Scotland on the West Scotland and Cumberland it has the form of a Triangle
It became a Bishops See in Christian times but now ruined under the Tarks and called Bassa Papous or la Tierra dos Papoas as the Portugueze call it and Terre des Papous as the French is a Country in the Terra Australis to the East of the Islands Ceram and Gilola in the East-Indies near the Equinoctial Line by some made to be a part of New Guinee by others separated from it by a small Streight The Princes of the neighbouring Islands have the Natives in Esteem for Courage and Fidelity Pappenheim a Town in the Circle of Schwaben in Germany upon the River Altmul adorned with the Title of a Barony formerly now an Earldom It gave its Name and Title to the famous General Pappenheim in the late German Wars Para a City in the North part of Brasil upon the River of Amazons under the Dominion of the Portuguese forty Miles above the fall of that River Long. 328. Lat. 01. 30. There belongs to this City a Province of the same Name called Capitania de Para. Paragoja an Island of the East-Indies called likewise Puloan and Calamianes between Borneo to the South-West and Manilla to the North East an hundred Miles in length twenty in breadth and two hundred in circuit It is one of the Philippine Islands which was never conquered by the Europeans Not very fertile or well peopled Paraguay Paraguaia a vast Country in the South America the greatest part of which is subject to the Spaniards Bounded on the East by Brasil on the South by Magellanica on the West by Peru and the Kingdom of Chili It is divided into seven Counties which are sruitful in all things with Mines and Sugars Not many Spanish Colonies are settled in it yet it has one Bishop at l' Assumption and another at Buenos Ayres This Province takes its Name from the River Paraguay which signifies the River of Feathers It ariseth from the Lake of Xaraies and going South receives the River of Plata and many others and at last by a vast Mouth falls into the Sea of Magellan This is one of the greatest Rivers of America Paraiba a strong City in Brasil which has a large Haven and gives name to a Province called the Government or Capitania de Paraiba Not above eight Miles from the North Sea upon a River of the same name It was long since inhabited by five hundred Portuguese besides Slaves and Negroes and being unwalled its best security was the Fort of S. Francis built by the French and taken by the Portuguese in 1585. In 1634. both the City and Fort were forced to submit to the Dutch Valour who new named them Frederickstadt But the Portuguese have at last recovered the Possession of it These latter have sometimes called the City Nostra Sennora das Nieves Parana a River and Province of Paraguay The Spaniards have about four Colonies in this Province Paranaiba Paranayba a River and a Province on the Consines of Brasil The River falls in that of the Amazons on the South Side of which the Province lies Paray-le-Moineau Pareium Moniacum a Town in the Dukedom of Burgogne in France in the Territory of Charolois upon the River Brebinche two Leagues from the Loyre Pardiac Pardiniacum a County in Aquitain in France Parenzo Parentum Parentium a small City in Histria under the Venetians which is a Bishops See under the Patriarch of Aquileja It stands seven Miles from Citta Nuoua to the South twenty eight from Gapo di Istria and eighty from Venice to the East upon a Peninsula well sortified having a convenient Haven But not much inhabited by reason of the unhealthfulness of the Air. Paria a Province in the Terra Firma in South America near the Shoars of the North Sea and under the Dominion of the Spaniards between the River Orinoque to the East and the Venetola to the West This is a principal Member of New Andalusia from hence often called Paria There are some few Colonies of Spaniards in it and a Gulph of its Name Parimao a Lake in South America which which bounds the Country of Guiana on the South under the Line Some call it Roponouvini It has not hitherto been fully discovered by the Europeans Parinacocha a Province of Peru towards the Andes under the Spaniards Pario Parium a City of the Lesser Asia upon the Propontis twenty Miles from Lampsaco to the East and thirty from Cyzicus now Spinga It has a large Haven and is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Spinga Paris Leutetia Luotetia Lucetia Leucotetia Parisii and Lutetia Parisiorum the Capital City of the Kingdom of France boasted by Baudrand to be the greatest City of Europe with a Nemine reclamante no body denying it to be so This was a celebrated City in the Times of the Roman Empire Julian the Apostate whilst he was Caesar only resided here in the Reign of Constantius and adorned it with Baths and a Palace But its greatest Rise was from the Franks Clodoveus settling the Royal Throne in this City about the year 458. Julius Caesar is the first that mentions it it was then very small being wholly contained in an Island in the Seyne not exceeding forty Acres which had then a Wooden Bridge over the River In this Isle the Cathedral Church now is and the Palace of the first French Kings From the times of Clodoveus the first Christian King as long as that Race lasted it grew mightily and became very considerable But under the Caroline Line it was very little improved those Princes not fixing here or in any other place In the year 585 it happened to be almost all burnt In 845 856 886 and 890 the Normans by Sieges and Incursions did extremely endamage it In 896 it was very hardly preserved out of the Hands of the Normans as to the Island what stood out of the Island was redeemed from Ruin by Money The Posterity of Hugh Capet on the other side fixed here and bestowed great Sums of Money in enlarging and adorning this City Charles the Great about the year 796 at the Request of Alcuinus a Saxon opened an University here to whose further Grandeur King Lewis the Seventh and Philip the August contributed very much The College of Sorbonne holds the first place therein In the year 1034 it suffered another Fire and in 1206 a terrible Inundation of the River Seine In 1420 Henry V. of England possessed himself of this City by marrying Catharine the Daughter of Charles VI. of France In the year 1422 Henry VI. Son of this Victorious but short lived Prince was crowned King of France in Paris And again in 1431. After this it remained in the Hands of the English till the year 1435. The Divisions of England under Henry VI. made way for the lâ—ss of France The year 1572 brought great and unparallel'd Infamy and Calamity upon this potent City 10000 Gentlemen being assassinated within her Walls who came thither upon the Publick Faith to the Celebration of a Marriage
worthy of remembrance for its withstanding the repeated furious Assaults of the Turks in the Siege in 1480. Long. 58. 00. Lat. 37. 50. Rhodope See Rulla Rhoetia This ancient Country which some denominate the Western Illyricum was of that extent as to comprehend a part of what we now call the Circles of Schwaben Bavaria and Austria in Germany the Country of the Grisons and something of Switzerland Of which the Grisons who are more properly called the Alpine Rhoetians are the only People at this day retaining the memory of its Name where as one remarks of their Country you have Mountains of Pride and Valleys of Misery See Grisons Rhosne Rodanus one of the most celebrated Rivers in France called by the Germans Der Rogen by the Fronch Rhosne It ariseth from a double Spring in Mount de la Fourch in the Borders of Switzerland two German Miles from the Springs of the Rhein And running Westward through Vallais or Wallisserland it divides that Tract watering Sion or Sitten and Martinach the principal Places in it then entering the Lake of Lemane it divides Savoy from Switzerland five Leagues beneath Geneva saith Baudrand it burieth it self for some time in the Earth as I have often seen Then turning South and dividing Savoy from Bugey at Bellay it becomes great enough to bear a Boat then turning West and dividing Dauphiné from Bugey at la Bresse it entertains the Ain at Lyons it is covered by a Bridge of Stone and improved by the Addition of the Saone a great River here turning South it parts Lyonnis from Dauphiné watereth Vienne and Condrieu divides the Viverais from Dauphiné and salutes Andasse at S. Vallier over against Tournon receives the Isere above Valence beneath it the Erico the Drome and the Ardosche at S. Esprit it is again covered by a noble Stone Bridge so dividing Languedoc from Provence and encreased by the Sorgue it watereth Avignon where there is a third Bridge then receiving in the Durance and the Gardon and watering Beaucaire at Arles it divides into two Branches The Western Branch divides into two more at last it falls into the Mediterrantan Sea by five Mouths each of which has its proper Name to wit Gras du Midi Gras de Paulet Gras d' Enfer Grand Gras and Gras de Passon Some adding thereto Gras Neuf Which Word Gras is understood to be taken from Antoninus's Gradus where he speaks of the Entrance of the Rhosne into the Ocean But there is no Town built upon any of them of any note beneath Arles which stands about eight Miles into the Land This is a rapid River Rian Abravanus a Lake and River in the South-West of Galloway in Scotland of which Cambden saith that they are exceeding full of Herrings and Stone-Fishes Richelieu Richelaeum a City in the Province of Poictou built by the Cardinal of that Name who was born here in 1585 and for some time under Lewis XIII of France governed that Kingdom as he pleased Amongst other of his Actions he built or rebuilt at least this place to perpetuate the Memory of his Name and Family and procured it to be honoured with the Title of a Dukedom It stands four Miles from London to the East five from Mirebeau and one from Tours to the North-West Now in a flourishing State Richensée Verbigenus a Lake in the Canton of Argow in Switzerland Richmond a Town and County in Yorkshire lying on the North West of that County towards Lancashire which bounds it on the West It is a mountainous and desolate Place yet produceth Grass in reasonable quantity This County took its Name from Richmond a Town built by Alane Earl of Bretagne in France the first Earl of this County after the Conquest Nephew to William the Conqueror upon the River Swale over which it hath a Stone Bridge thirty two Miles from York to the North-West and twenty from the Sea to the South-West The Town is indifferently well frequented and populous It was anciently walled and fortified with a Castle by the said Alane for the greater security of these Parts against the English the Gates are still standing but in the midst of the Town its Situation being shifted Before it was thus rebuilt it was called Gilling Oswy King of Northumberland was basely murthered here in 659 ever after reputed a Martyr It is now a Corporation represented by two Burgesses in the House of Commons and containing two Parish Churches in the Hundred of Gillingwest Long. 18. 15. Lat. 55. 17. This Earldom continued in that Family till 1171 when it came to Geofrey Plantagenet the fourth Son of K. Henry II. by the Marriage of Constance Daughter of Conan Duke of Bretagne In 1230. Peter de Dreux was Earl of Richmond one of whose Descendents John de Montford was created Duke of Richmond in 1330 the sixteenth Earl and first Duke to whom in 1342. succeeded John of Gaunt afterwards Duke of Lancaster The twenty second Earl of Richmond was Henry VII King of England The twenty third was Henry Fitz-Roy a Natural Son of Henry VIII The twenty fourth was Lewis Duke of Lenox created Earl of Richmond by King James I. in 1613 and Duke of the same in 1623. Which Family ended in Charles the fourth of that Line who died without Issue Ambassador in Denmark in 1672. In 1675 Charles Lenox was created Duke of Richmond by Charles the Second his Natural Father by the Dutchess of Portsmouth Richmont a Place in Saintonge in France Richmond a Town in Surrey upon the Thames between Kingston and London heretofore called Shene but by Henry VII named Richmond There is an ancient Palace or Royal House in it belonging to the Kings of England in which Edward III. died in 1377. Henry the Seventh rebuilt this Pile twice it being burnt in his Reign and afterwards he died here April 22. 1409. Also Queen Elizabeth of blessed Memory left this World in this place March 24. 1602. And before her Ann Daughter to the Emperor Charles V. and Wife to King Richard II esteemed a very beautiful Lady The Civil Wars in the Reign of King Charles I. left some of its effects upon this Palace This Town stands pleasantly and healthfully upon an easie Ascent fair large well built and well inhabited in the Hundred of Kingston Rickmansworth a Market Town in Hartfordshire in the Hundred of Cashio near the River Coln Ries or Riez Rejus Rejensis Civitas Albecum Rejorum Apollinarium Colonia Rejorum Civitas Regiensium Rogium a City in Provence in France which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Aix from which it stands twelve Miles to the North-East and six from Davignan to the North-West eight from Sisteron to the South little but populous built on a Hill by the River Auvestre which falls into the Verdon S. Hilary Bishop of Arles presided at a Council here in 439 in which Armentarius Bishop of Ambrun ordained by two Bishops only without the Authority of the Metropolitan was therefore
one Channel near the City Teneriffa in the Province of S. Martha falling afterwards into the North Sea § Also a Government in Brasil Rioga Rivogia a Province in Spain which was a part of Navarre but now annexed to Old Castile it is divided from Alava by the Douro and lies between Old Castile and Navarre The principal Towns of which are Calzada Legrono Najara and Belorado Riom Riomum Ricomagum a City in the Lower Auvergne in France two Leagues from Clermont to the North in a flourishing State The Capital of Auvergne adorned with a College of Oratorians of the Foundation of Lewis XIV an antient Abbey built in the beginning of the seventh Century two Hospitals and divers Churches and religious Communities Genebrard and Sirmondus the learned Jesuit were produced by this Place Ripa de Transona a small but elegant City in the Marquisate of Ancona under the Pope and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Fermo It stands five Miles from the Shoars of the Adriatick Sea the same from the Borders of the Kingdom of Naples and ten from Fermo Pope Pius V. made it a Bishops See in 1571. Ripaille a Town in Savoy upon the Lake of Geneva Ripen Ripa a City in the Kingdom of Denmark in South Jutland which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Lunden and has a convenient Harbor upon the German Ocean at the Mouth of the River Nipsick and a Fortress five Miles from Hadersleben to the West and eight from Flensburgh to the South-West This Bishoprick was founded by Balatand King of Denmark in 950. Christopher I. King of Denmark died here in 1259. The City was taken by the Swedes in 1645 but since recovered by the Danes Ripley a Market Town in the West Riding of Yorkshire in the Hundred of Claro upon the River Nyd Rippon Rhidogunum a Town in Yorkshire in the West Riding in the Hundred of Claro of good Antiquity near the Youre over which it has a Bridge Adorned with a Collegiate Church with three lofty Spires and antiently with a stately Monastery built by Wilfride Archbishop of York till the Danes destroy'd it with the Town Yet Odo Archbishop of Canterbury repaired it again and translated the Reliques of the holy Founder to Canterbury There is a narrow hole in a Vault under ground in the Church called S. Wilfride's Needle It is one of the best Towns in the County well inhabited and of note particularly for making good Spurs Having the Privilege to be a Corporation also represented by two Members in the House of Commons Risano Formio a River of Carniola the upper part of which is called by the Germans Alben the lower by the Italians Risano It springeth out of the Alpes from Mount Ocra in Carniola towards the Lake of Lugea or Czirknitzerzee and flowing Westward through Istria falls by the Bay of Trieste into the Adriatick Sea six Miles from Trieste and two North of Capo di Istria Risano Rhizana a City of Dalmatia mentioned by Ptolemy Pliny and Polybius which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Raguza under the Dominion of the Turks and accordingly much depopulated and ruined It stands forty Miles from Raguza towards Scodra from which thirty Long. 45. 15. Lat. 42. 00. Risborough a Market Town in Buckinghamshire in the Hundred of Aylesbury Risenbergh a Mountain in the Eastern parts of Bohemia out of which the Elbe springeth Rivadava or Rivadeo a City of Gallicia in Spain called by the French Rivedieu it stands upon the Bay of Biscay in the Borders of Asturia at the bottom of an Hill and the Mouth of the River Navius which affords it the convenience of a Port fourteen Spanish Leagues from Oviedo to the West and four from Mondonedo Rivera di Genoua Liguria Littorea is a Country in Italy bounded on the West by the Maritime Alpes by which it is divided from France on the East by the River Magra by which it is divided from Hetruria or Tuscany on the North by the Apennine and on the South by the Mediterranean Sea here called the Ligurian Sea In the middle of it stands the City of Genoua which divides it into the Eastern and Western This is now under the States of Genoua by whom a great part of the Western Division is destinated more to pleasure than profit the rich Genoueses having filled it with Country-Houses where they spend the pleasant time of the Summer and Autumn in noble Palaces and delightful Gardens The Eastern Division supplies them with as much Wine as they need and an extraordinary plenty of good Oil. The principal Place in the Western is Aranza once an inconsiderable Village lately a Place of great Trade and Wealth having sixty Sail of Ships trading into all parts of the World but their Shipping is now declining The principal Place in the Eastern is Sarazana a Town of great strength Rivoli Rivolium a small Town in Piedmont called by the French Rivoles It stands upon the River Doria eight Miles from Turin to the West and has one of the most sumptuous Castles in Piedmont Roan Rotomagus the Capital City of Normandy called by the French Rouen by Caesar and the other ancient Historians Vrbs Velocassium It is an Archbishops See and the Seat of the Parliament of Normandy Great rich populous well built in all respects one of the best Cities in France and thought by some to be the greatest next to Paris It stands upon the Seyne which affords it a noble Harbor and a great Trade at the foot of an Hill twelve Miles above Dieppe and twenty eight beneath Paris with a Bridge upon the Seyne for the convenience of a Land Trade It has an old Castle called the Palace in which the Dukes of Normandy kept their Court and is about seven Miles in compass having besides what lies within the Walls six very great Suburbs and containing in the whole thirty five Parishes with thirty four Monasteries for Men and Women The Castle on S. Catharines Hill is now intirely ruined This City is said by Vitalis lib. 5. to be built by Julius Caesar Valesius proves it one of the most ancient Cities of France and that in the times of Theodosius the Great it was esteemed as a City of the highest rank Taken by the Normans in 889 and assigned to Rollo first Duke of Normandy in 912 when Rollo became a Christian It continued under his Posterity fourteen Descents In 1019. it suffered very much by fire Taken from John King of England by Philip the August King of France in 1204 after it had been in the Hands of the Normans three hundred and sixteen years This City continued under the French till 1418 When the English under Henry V. retook it after a bloody Siege Charles VII of France recovered it to that Crown in 1449. In the times of the late Civil Wars of France it was taken and sacked by the Hugonots in 1562 but recovered after the Battel of Dreux and plundered by the Royal Party Anthony of
in the 7th Century the Gospel in divers Places in Switzerland especially in the Territory of Torgaw where having refused an Offer of the Bishoprick of Constance made to him he retired at length to his Solitudes in this place which became the Seat of an Abbey from him enriched since vastly by the Donations of the Kings of France and the Emperors The City stands upon an Eminence not great but well built and much traded for its fine Linnen Works called Galles or Gawse from it Betwixt the Abbey and the City there is a common Gate fastned by the Burgesses on the one side and the Abbot on the other The City antiently did depend in many things upon the Abbey as having received its total rise from it but at present they each enjoy their separate Sovereignties S. Galmier a small Town in the County of Foretz in the Government of Lionnois remarked for a Fountain of Allum-Water there S. Georgio de Mina Arx Sancti Georgii a Castle upon the Coste d'Or in Guinee in Africa betwixt the Cape of three Points and Cape Corso which has a Town built by the Portuguese in 1481 and a large and safe Port or Haven within a few years past taken by the Dutch S. Germain on Laye Fanum Sancti Germani in Laya a Town and Royal Castle in the Isle of France seated upon an high Hill by the Seine having two magnificent Palaces one new of the foundation of Henry le Grand the other ancient built by Charles V continued under the English in the time of their French Conquests and repaired by Francis I. King of France whither the Kings of France frequently retire The Court of K. James II. of England and Qu. Mary his Consort is kept here It is four Leagues from Paris to the West Henry II. King of France was born here in 1518. Charles IX in 1550. Lewis XIV now King of France in 1638 who has added divers great Ornaments to i◠And it is no less famous for a Peaco made here in 1679 between the Kings of France and Sweden and the Elector of Brandenburgh S. Germain Lembrum a small City in Auvergne near the River Allier in the Tract de Lembrun two Leagues from Issoire eight from Clermont to the South and the same from S. Flour to the North-East S. Germains a Corporation in the County of Cornwal in East Hundred represented by two Burgesses in the House of Commons S. Gewer S. Gower Fanum Sancti Goari a Town upon the Rhine in the County of Catzenellobogen in the Borders of the Bishoprick of Trier four Miles above Coblentz to the South which belongs to the Landgrave of Hassia Rhinefeld S. Gilles a Town in the Lower Languedoc in France one League from the Rhosne betwixt Beaucaire and Arles upon a Rivulet In Latin Fanum Sancti Aegidii and Palatium Gothorum in some Authors It has been taken for the Anatolia of Pliny and likewise for the Heraclea of the same Pliny and Antoninus The Huguenots gave the Roman Catholicks a Defeat near it in 1562. S. Gothard Adula the highest part of the Alpes between the Switzers and the Dukedom of Milan The French call it S. Godard § Also an Abbey of the Lower Hungary upon the River Raab and the Frontiers of Stiria two Miles from Kerment betwixt which and Kerment the Turks receiv'd a bloody Defeat in 1664. S. Hubert a City and Bishoprick in the Dukedom of Luxembourgh S. Jago a City of Africa in an Island of the same Name well fortified and made a Bishops See by the Portuguese under whom it is taken and plundered by Sir Francis Drake in 1585. This is one of the Islands of Cape Verde About forty five Leagues long ten broad and ninety five or a hundred in Circumference It produces great quantities of Salt S. Jago a City on the South Shoar of the Isle of Cuba which has a safe Port and is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of S. Domingo S. Jago de Compostella See Compostella S. Jago de Chili Fanum Sancti Jacobi a City in South America at the foot of the Mountain Andes built by the Spaniards by the River Maipus fifteen Leagues from the South Sea Made a Bishops See under the Archbishop of la Plata It is the Capital of the Kingdom of Chili S. Jago del Estero the capital City of Tucumania a Country in South America seated upon the River Estero a hundred and seventy Leagues from Potosi which is a Bishop's See under the Dominion of the Spaniards S. Jago de Guatimala a City of New Spain in North America which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mexico S. Jean de Angely or D'Angery Angeracum Ageriacum Engeriacum fanum S. Johannis Angeriaci a celebrated Town in Saintonge in France upon the River Boutonne two Leagues from the Borders of Poictou and seven from Saintes to the North. Heretofore very strongly fortified and in 1562. desended against the Huguenots who taking it in a second Attempt encreased its strength by adding more regular Fortifications to it In 156◠it surrendred to Charles IX by a Siege of two Months with his loss of ten thousand Men before it but falling into the hands of the Huguenots again in 1620. Lewis XIII dismantled it in 1621 after he had by sorce of Arms and a Siege taken it from them S. Jean de l'Aune or Losne Fanum S. Johannis Laudonensis Laudona a Town in Burgundy in France upon the Saosne betwixt Auxone and Bellegarde Famous for repulsing an Army of the Imperialists in 1636. S. Jean de Leon a Town in Burgundy upon the Soane S. Jean de Luz Fanum Sancti Johannis Luisii or Luisium a Town of Aquitain in France in the Pais des Basques and the Territory of Labour with a Port upon the Ocean at the Fall of the River Vrdacuri into it two Miles from the Borders of Spain Lewis XIV now King of France was Married in this Town in 1660. S. Jean de Maurienne Fanum Sancti Johannis Mauriensis a very considerable but unwalled open City in Savoy upon the River Arco in the Valley de Maurienne which is a County three Leagues from the Borders of the Dauphiné to the South and ten from Grenoble to the East This is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Vienne And the Cathedral shews the Tombs of divers of the Dukes of Savoy S. Jean Pie de Port Fanum S Johannis Pede-Portuensis a very strong Town in the Lower Navarr in the Mountains upon the River Nive which falls into the Adoure eight Leagues from Baionne to the South This Town is yet in the Hands of the K. of France as King of Navarr S. Johns Point Isamnium one of the most Eastern Points of Ireland in the Province of Vlster in the County of Downe S. Johnston Fanum Sancti Johannis ad Tavum the same with Perth S. Juan de Puerto Rico Fanum Sancti Johannis de Portu divite a City of North America in an Island of the same Name in the North
this County Angola a Kingdom in Africa upon the South of the Kingdom of Congo Angote a City and Kingdom in the Upper Aethiopia Angoulesme Engolisma is an Episcopal City in Aquitaine in France under the Archbishop of Bourdeaux it stands upon the River Charme which falls into the Ocean right over against the Island of Orleron There is belonging to it also a Dukedom which is bounded upon the North with Poictou upon the East with Limosin upon the South with Pericort and upon the West with Xantogn This Dukedom is call'd by the name of Angoumois Angra the chief City of the Island of Tercera and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Lisbon Anguien Enguien Angia a small City in Hainault between Mons and Brussels It has the Honor to give the Title of a Baron to the Princes of the House of Bourbon Anguilla is one of the Caribby Islands planted by the English it lies in 18 deg 21 min. Nor. Lat. and 330 of Longit. in length about 10 Leagues in breadth 3. formerly call'd Snake Island from its shape The Tobacco of this Island is well esteemed Anguillara a Town and Lake in the Padouan in the States of Venice § Also a Town in the States of the Church upon the Lake of Bracciano Anhalt a City almost ruin'd and a Principality but little considerable in the Upper Saxony in Germany watered by the River Sala The House of Anhalt has possessed the Electorates of Brandenburgh and Saxony for several Ages Anian a Streight supposed to be between Asia and America but could never yet be discovered where or whether there be any such Passage or no It is thought to lie North of China and Japan and to disjoyn the Eastern part of Asia from the Western part of America Anianâ—u a City in the Province of Chuqnami in China Aniava Aniwa a Promontory discovered by the Hollanders in the Terra de Jesso to the North of Japan Anigre Anigrus a River of the Morea Animacha a River arising in the Kingdom of Callecutt in the East-Indies which falls into the Ocean six Leagues off Cranagor giving its Name to a Town in its way Anjou Andegavia is one of the noblest Dukedoms of France bounded on the East with La Beausse on the West with Britain and part of Poictou on the South in part by Berry and in part by Poictou in which Circumference are included Anjou Tourein and Maine This Country is for the most part very fruitful and pleasant especially in Tourein and along the Loire Anjou properly so call'd is seated between Tourein and Maine and was so call'd from the Andegavi the old Inhabitants of it Henry II. King of England was Earl of Anjou by Inheritance from his Father as he was K. of England by Maud his Mother Daughter to Henry I. King John his Son lost it and ever since it has been annexed to the Crown of France or given to the younger Sons of that Royal Family Anna. See Ana. The Name also of a Town upon the River Astan in Arabia deserta Annaberg a City of Misnia in Germany upon the River Schop near Marienberg Annacious Annacieugi a People of Brasil in America towards Porto Seguro Annagh a Town in the County of Cavan in Vlster in Ireland § Another in the County of Down Anneci Annecium a neat City in Savoy with a Castle It is the Capital of the Dukedom of Geneva seated upon a Lake of the same name where the River Tioud issueth out of the Lake at the foot of the Mountain Saymenoz heretofore greater but now it is little and not well inhabited tho the See of the Bishops of Geneva has been translated thither above 100 years In this place resteth the Body of S. Francis de Sales who was Bishop and Prince of Geneva near the time of the Reformation of Calvâ—â— This City is 6 Leagues from Geneva South Annibi a Lake of North Tartary in Asia where there are Mountains of the same name Annobon an Island upon the Coast of Guiney 10 Leagues in circuit towards the Isle of S. Thomas The Portuguese gave it that name because they discovered it upon a New-Years Day Annonay Annonaeum Annoniacum a City with the Title of a Marquisate in the Province of Vivarets in France upon the River Deume Anone Anonium or Roque de Non a Town in the Milanese in Italy upon the River Tanaâ—â— almost ruin'd Anossi Carcanossi Androbeizaba a Province of the Isle of Madagascar There are some Colonies of French in it Anot a small City of Provence in France Anoth one of the Scilly Islands Anpadore Cataractus a River of Candia Ansa a River in the Province of Friuli in Italy It passes by Aqueleia to the Adriatique Ocean Anse a small City in the Province of Lyennois in France 4 Leagues from Lyons Made a Roman Garrison in the time of Augustus who gave it the name of Antium Ansene Angria a small City in Aegypt 20 Leagues from Cairo near the Nile Ansianactes a People of the Western part of the Isle of Madagascar Ansiquains Ansicani a People of Abyssinia commended for their Fidelity and Honesty Anslo or Opslo Anslooa a City of the Province of Aggerhuys in Norway with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Drontheim seated upon a Bay of the same name 35 Miles from the Baltick Sea Northward it has a Castle near it call'd Aggerhuslo This City was miserably ruin'd by Fire in the Reign of Christian IV. who rebuilt it in Anno 1614. and call'd it Christianstad from his own Name In this City were celebrated the Nuptials of James I. King of England with the Lady Ann Daughter of Frederick II. King of Denmark Novemb 23. 1589. It stands 56 German Miles from Stockholme Weâ—t Anspach See Onspach Antavares a People on the South part of the Isle of Madagascar The French had settled themselves amongst them and were afterwards Massacred by them Ante Anta a River in Normandy which washeth the Town of Failaise and 3 Leagues lower falls into the Dive which last falls into the British Sea 4 Leagues East of Caen. Ante Anta a small Town and Port in Guiny in Africa 3 Leagues from the Cape of Three Heads East Antego one of the Caribby Islands plac'd in 16 d. 11. â— of Northern Lat. and 339 of Long. inhabited by the English for some years and is about 6 or 7 Leagues in length and breadth difficult of Access and not much stor'd with Springs which the Inhabitants supply by Ponds and Cisterns Antequera a small ill built City of New Spain in America 80 Leagues from Mexico which in 1535. was made a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mexico by Pope Paul III. § Also a small Town in the Kingdom of Granada in Old Spain Antessa Antissa an antient City in the Island of Lesbos which was heretofore a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mitylene Ovid speaks of it as also the antient Geographers under the notion of its being it self an Island in
of the Eastern part or Shoar of Kent upon high Cliffs twelve Miles from Canterbury to the South-East and fifty five from London and seven Leagues distant by Sea from Calais in France That part of the Town next the Sea had anciently a Wall some of which is still standing On the top of a rugged high Cliff or Rock is a stately and very strong Castle which may be supposed to have been built by the Romans however this place was certainly a Station of theirs and has ever since been reputed one of the Keys of England at all times carefully guarded besides it is one of the Cinque-Ports and in times past was to set out to the Wars one and twenty Ships Therefore Philip King of France said that Lewis his Son when called in hither against King John by the Barons had not one foot of Land in England if he were not Master of Dover-Castle It had formerly seven Parish Churches now two and it is now as heretofore most frequented upon the account of its being the shortest passage into France The Honorable Henry Lord Jarmin was created Baron of Dover in the first year of King James II. But before in Anno 1627. Henry Carey Viscount Rochford and Baron Hunsden enjoyed the Title from King Charles I. of Earl of Dover Dour or Adour Aturus a River of Aquitaine the Southern part of France or rather three Rivers called by the same Name the principal of these riseth in Bigorre out of the Pyrenean Hills near Baretge and running North watereth Tarbe then turning Westward it passeth on the North of Aire St. Sever and Dax or Acqs so falleth into the Bay of Biscay at Bayonne having entertained Gaue de Oleron Gaue de Pau and several other Rivers The Outlet was anciently at le Bocau six Leagues beneath Bayonne but by the Industry of Lewis de Foix an excellent Ingineer and Architect of France in 1579. its course was altered as Thuanus saith The same Gentleman was the Contriver of the Palace in Spain and the Light-House at the Mouth of the Garronne called Tour de Cordovan Dourdan a small Town in the District of Hurepois in the Isle of France upon the River Orge towards the Frontiers of la Beauce thirteen Leagues from Paris and two or three from Estampes The Huguenots took and almost ruined it in the years 1562 1567. It had been often mortgaged sold and remitted from one to another before Lewis XIII redeemed and reunited it to the Crown in 1610. Dourlens Doulendium a Town in Picardy in France very strongly fortified on the Borders of Artois upon the River Asselane which falls into the British Sea between Crotoy and Estaple six Leagues from Amiens to the North and seven from Arras to the South This Town did heretofore belong to the Earls of Pontieu and became united to the Crown of France in 1559. Doustre Dostra a River of France in the Vicomte de Turene in Limosin Le Doux See Dou. Douzi Duziacum Duodeciacum a Castle in the Diocese of Rheims in France upon the River Cher betwixt Ivoy and Sedan Remarkable for two Councils celebrated at it in the years 871. 874. The first of which deposed and imprisoned Hinâ—mar Bishop of Laon for adhering to the Papal Interest contrary to the Usage and Liberties of the Gallican Church who some time after had his Eys put out Dowglass a Castle in Cuysdale in the middle of the Southern part of Scotland which takes its Name from the River Dowglass as doth also the Dale or Valley in which it stands This Castle is seated about six Scotch Miles West of Lanrick where Dowglass River unites with the Cluyd fifteen from Glasguo to the South and thirty five from Edinburgh to the South-West It is only memorable for its Earls sometimes so very powerful they were a terror to the Kings of Scotland themselves there being at one time six Earls of this Family that is Dowglas Angus Ormond Wigton Murray and Morton as Mr. Cambden reckons them § There is a Castle of this Name in the Isle of Man Down Dunum a City and Bishoprick in the Province of Vlster in Ireland the Bishop of which is under the Archbishop of Armagh The Bishoprick of Connor has been united to it ever since 1442. The City stands upon the Irish Sea upon a Peninsula made by the Sea and the Lake of Cone which affords it an excellent Haven twenty Miles from Dormore to the East thirty two from Carrick fergus to the South The County of Down is bounded on the East by the Irish Sea on the North by the County of Antrim and the Lake of Neaugh on the West by Armagh and on the South by the County of Louth from which it is severed by the River Newry This County saith Mr. Cambden is generally very fruitful where it is not overspread with Woods and has several safe Harbors upon the Seas Down is one of the most ancient Towns in Ireland made more famous by keeping the Bones of S. Patrick S. Bridget and S. Columbus than by the mention which Ptolomy has made of it by the Name of Dunum though not in its right place Downham a Market Town in the County of Norfolk in the Hundred of Clackcloss upon the River Ouse over which it hath a Bridge Downton or Duncton a Market Town in Wiltshire the Capital of its Hundred situated upon the Salisbury Avon It returns two Burgesses to the Parliament Drac Dracus a River in the Dauphinate in France which riseth about four Leagues North of Embrun and running Northward falls into the Isere at Grenoble bringing with it another small River which comes from La Grace and falls into the Drac at Viville four Miles South of Grenoble Draco or Drago Acragas or Agragas a River of Sicily called Biagio di Gergenti di Naro also and falls into the African Sea three Miles beneath Gergentum to the East thirty five West of Terra Nova Dragone Draco a small River in Campagnia in Italy which riseth in Mount Vesuvius and washing the City of Nocera falleth into Sarno a River which divideth the Principatus Citerior from the Terra di Lavoro and endeth in the Bay of Naples eleven Miles South of Naples Dragonara once a Bishops See now a small Village 7 Miles from S. Severina in Naples to the West Dracone See Orontes Dragonera Colubraria or Moncolibre a small desert Rock or Island between Majorca and Valentia which has its Names from the Snakes and Serpents that only inhabit it Draguignan Draguinianum Dracenae one of the best situated Towns in Provence in France in the Diocese of Frejus adorned with a Collegiate Church and divers Religious Houses Its Arms are observable being a Dragon with this Motto Alios nutrio meos devoro Drangiana regio an ancient Province of the Kingdom of Persia in the most Eastern part thereof now called Sigistan or Sitsistan It s principal Cities were Ariaspe and Propthasia Dravaniza See the Vistula The Drave or Dravus called
of Edessa at first but afterwards it became the Metropolis it self Seated in the Province of Diarbeck near the River Chabor forty Miles from Edessa sixty from Euphrates to the East The Tartars under Tamberlane treated this City with great Cruelty since that it has been in a declining condition and now not much inhabited It is mentioned several times in the Holy Scriptures upon the account of Abraham's sojourning and burying his Father Terah here before he went into the Land of Canaan Gen. 11. 31. Acts 7. 4. in which last place it is called Charran in Mesopotamia And by Pliny and Ptolemy Charrae It s Long. is 73. 20. Lat. 36. 10. Heresbach a Town in the Diocese of Cleves in Germany Heri Aria a Province in Persia in Asia more commonly called Hera or Herat it has a City and a River of the same Name This River in the later Maps called Pulimoilon riseth out of the Mountains of Cassubi and washing the Walls of this City on all sides it standing in an Island falls into the Lake of Burgian The City is called Ser-heri in Long. 100. 13. and Lat 36. 20. Ninety German Miles West of Candahar one hundred and twenty South-East of the Caspian The Roses of this Province are thought the best in the World The Province of Heri is a part of that of Chorasan which is one of the most rich fertile and populous Provinces in all Persia In the City of Heri are made the best Persian Tapestries on which and other accounts it is much frequented by the Indians who must pass through it in their way to Persia See Olearius his Travels Herit Adramitae a Province in Arabia the happy Herma or Erma a City of Galatia called Germa or Therma by the ancient Geographers and now sometimes Germaste It stands in the Confines of Bithynia and Phrygia upon the River Sagarium Sacrio where it falls into the Casilirnach which falls into the Euxine Sea at Cagani twenty one German Miles East of Scutari This City is placed thirty six German Miles East of Bursia Now an Archbishop's See Long. 60. 10. Lat. 42. 25. Hermanstad Cibinium a City in Transylvania commonly by the Inhabitants called Seben and Zeben by the Italians Cibinio by the Germans Hermanstad The Capital of that Dukedom the Seat of the Prince a great populous strong well-built City seated in a Plain upon the River Cibinium Cibin which a little lower falls into the Aluta The Inhabitants are Saxons it stands fifteen Miles from Clausemberg to the East and eight from Alba Julia. A Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Colocza though there is now no Bishop of it The late Duke of Lorrain of famous Memory in November 1687. put into this place a Garrison of three thousand Imperialists by the agreement of Prince Abafti then Prince of Transylvania to enjoy the same for their Winter Quarters Hermanstein or Erenbreitstein Eremberti lapis a Castle in the Bishoprick of Trier in Germany upon the Rhine near its Confluence with the Moselle standing on a Rock that is on all sides inaccessible which makes it one of the strongest in Germany It sustained a long Siege in the year 1637. and could only at last be taken by Famine Hermanville a place near Calais in France Herndall Herndalia a part of Norway on this side the Mountains of Norway by the Province of Jemplandt on which depends Nomedale Hellegelandt Frostein Inder Heroa and some others which together with it were yielded to the Swedes in 1645. by the Danes Herou Heropolis a City of Egypt near the bottom of the Red Sea ninety miles from Damiata to the South-East about thirty five English Miles from Sues to the West and sixty from the next Shoar of the Mediterranean to the South Mentioned by Pliny and Ptolemy It s Long. 63. 30. Lat. 29. 50. Herstal Heristel or Haristal a Town upon the Maes near Liege in Westphalia adorned heretofore with a magnificent Palace built by Pepin King of France who resided so frequently at it that in the French History he is sirnamed Pepin of Heristel This Palace was afterwards destroyed by the Normans Hersteld a City in the Circle of Westphalia in Germany upon the River Weser belonging to the Bishops of Paderborne since the year 1608. The People of Paderborne conspiring once against their Bishop the Episcopal See was removed from Paderborne hither which was re-established at Paderborne again in 799. Charles the Great also resided here some considerable time Hertford Durocobriva a Town in a County of the same name in the South of England upon the River Lea or Ligean as the Saxons called it which runs through it In 607. here was a Synod Now saith Mr. Cambden it is not very populous yet for its Antiquity it deserves-regard It has given Name to this County and is reputed the Shire-Town It has a Castle built as some think by Edward the Elder enlarged by the Family De Clare to whom it belonged as Earls of Hertford in the times of Henry II. and King Stephen Afterwards it belonged to the Crown Edward III. granted it to John of Gaunt his Son then Earl of Richmond and after Duke of Lancaster Hertfordshire Herfordiae Comitatus Cattieuchlani hath on the North Cambridgeshire on the West Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire on the South Middlesex and on the East Essex it is very fruitful as to Corn and Pasture has plenty of Woods and Groves and for great Towns and Rivers it may vye with most Counties in England considering its bigness This County had first for Earls or Marquesses the Family De Clare who for seven Descents between 1139. and 1314. enjoyed this Title Being extinguished Henry VIII in 1537. created Edward Seymour Viscount Beauchamp Earl of Hertford who afterward in 1551. was made Duke of Sommerset being the fourteenth Earl and seventh of his Family who hath born this amongst other Titles of Honour Hertogenraiad Rodia Ducis a Town in Holland Hertzogthumb in the High Dutch signifies a Dukedom and is frequently used by them So Hertzogthumb Bremen is the Dukedom of Bremen Hertzogthumb Ferden is the Dukedom of Ferden Heruli an ancient People of the Country now called the Dukedom of Meckleburg in the Lower Saxony in Germany towards the Baltick Sea who established themselves in Italy in the fifth Century and were of the number of those Barbarians that formed their States upon the ruin of the Roman Empire Odoacer their King dispossessed Augustulus in the year 476. and having reigned about seventeen years he was slain by Theodorick King of the Ostrogoths The Emperor Justinian granted them Lands to cultivate whereupon they not only gave themselves entirely to him but became Christians and Gethesius their King was baptized in 528. Till this Conversion their Customs were to offer Men in Sacrifices to their Gods to kill the sick and aged to oblige Wives not to survive their Husbands and to indulge themselves in every voluptuousness Hervorden Hervordia a City in VVestphalia in the County of
it Lepseck and Lasipio the Europeans Lampsaco It is now in a tolerable good Condition and the See of an Archbishop Xerxes King of Persia gave the Revenues of this City to Themistocles the Athenian in his Banishment to find him Wine It consists of about two hundred Houses inhabited partly by Turks partly by Christians It has a very fine Mosque whose Portico is supported by Red Marble Pillars the same was formerly a Christian Church as appears by the Crosses that yet remain on the Capitals of the Pillars This City has even at this day a great many fine Vineyards especially on the South-side fenced in with Pom granate Trees Wheeler p. 76. In the antient Roman Times the God Priapus was revered here In the Year of Christ 364 the Demi-Arrians in a Council at this City condemned the Forms of Faith that had been published by the Councils of Rimini and Constantinople confirming another made by the Council of Antioch in 341. There was also a second Synod assembled here about the Year 369. Lampura Selampura a City of India beyond Ganges mentioned by Ptolemy Lancashire Lancastria is a part of that Country which was of old possessed by the Brigantes This County has Westmorland and Cumberland on the North Yorkshire on the East Cheshire on the South and the Irish Sea on the West In length from North to South fifty seven Miles in breadth thirty two containing twenty six Market Towns sixty one Parishes and many Chappels of Ease equal for the multitude of Inhabitants to Parishes Watered with the Rivers Mersey Rible Son all three running from East to West into the Irish Sea and the first serving as a Boundary betwixt this County and Cheshire besides the great Lakes of Merton and Winder which last divides it from Westmorland Where the ground is plain and champaign it yieldeth good store of Wheat and Barley the foot of the Hills is fitter for Oats All is tolerably useful and good except the Mosses or Bogs which yet afford excellent Turffs for firing There is also Marle in many places and in some Trees are found under Ground which have lain there many Ages This County is a Palatinate and has many Royal Privileges belonging to it In the time of Henry of Bullingbroke afterwards King of England the fourth of that name and first of Lancaster the half of the Lands of Bohun Earl of Hereford Essex and Northampton being added to what before belonged to the Honor of this County which was then a Dukedom it became the richest Patrimony that was in the hand of any one Subject in Christendom and in that Prince's Person it was annexed to the Crown of England and never since granted to any Subject whatsoever Lancaster Alione Mediolanum Lancastria The Town which gives name to this County stands on the South Bank of the River Lunne or Lone from which it is supposed to be denominated five Miles from the Irish Seas and towards the Northern Bounds of the County It seems to Mr. Cambden to be the Longovicum of the Romans which was one of their Military Stations Not overmuch peopled and consequently not extraordinarily rich It has a small but fair and strong Castle built on a Hill near the River and one large fair Parish Church with a S one Bridge of five Arches over the River Lon. This Town in 1322. was burnt by the Scots in an inroad they made into England and although it is thereby removed into a better Situation yet it may be presumed to be the less at this day for that Calamity Of the House of Lancaster abovementioned Henry the Fourth Fifth Sixth and Seventh inherited the Crown of England The last of which marrying Elizabeth Daughter and Heiress to Edward IV. of the House of York united those two Houses of York and Lancaster whose competition for the Crown under the names of the Red and the White Roses had caused the effusion of more English Blood than was spent in the Conquest of France Lancaster stands in the Hundred of Loynsdale and returns to the Parliament two Burgesses Long. 20. 48. Lat. 54. 05. Lanceston or Launceston the County Town of Cornwall in the Hundred of East upon the banks of the little River Kensey not far from its fall into the Tamer Well inhabited marketed and traded It returns to the House of Commons two Burgesses Lanciano or Lansano Anxanum the capital City of the hither Abruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples and an Archbishop's See built five Miles from the Adriatick two from the River Saras now il Sangro about eighty from Naples to the North and a little more from Ancona to the South This City was raised to the Dignity of an Archbishoprick in 1562 and built as is supposed upon the Ruins of the antient Anxanum Long. 38. 55. Lat. 42. 27. Landaff Landava Landuvia a small City and Bishops See in Glamorganshire in Wales seated on the North side of the River Taff. over which it has a Bridge about three Miles from the Irish Sea to the North. The Cathedral and Bishoprick hereof was founded by S. Germanus and Lupus two Holy French Bishops who came twice into Britain to extinguish the Pelagian Heresie about the Year 522. They preferred Dubricius a holy Man to this new-founded See to whom Meuricke a British Lord freely gave all the Land that lies between the Taff and Eleâ— But this See has since met with others of a contrary temper who have reduced it to that Poverty that it is scarce able to maintain its Bishop The present Dr. William Beaw is the LXXVI Bishop consecrated in 1679. June 22. Many Synodal Constitutions we find in the Councils were made and published by the Bishops of this See in antient times Landaw Landavia a City of Germany in the Lower Alsatia in the Territory of Wasgow upon the River Queich in the Confines of the Palatinate of the Rhine four Leagues from Spire to the West Once an Imperial and Free City but by the Treaty of Munster yielded to the French who still have it L'andramiti Adramytium a City of Phrygia in the Lesser Asia which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Ephesus called by the Europeans Andromiti by the Turks Endroinit in which word there is a further account of it Landrecy Landrecium a City in Hainault small but well fortified It is seated at the Fountain of the River Sambre Sabis six Leagues from Valenciennes to the North-East and two from the Borders of Picardy to the North. This has been made at once famous and miserable by the frequent Sieges it has suffered of late But by the Pyrenean Treaty it was put into the hands of the French The Emperor Charles V. besieged it in 1542. for six months with fifty thousand Men and retired from it at last without success The Lands End Antivestaeum Bolerium Ocrinum the most Western Cape or Promontory of England in the County of Cornwal Landshut Landshutum a City of Germany in the Lower Bavaria in the Marquisate of
to the South Livonia to the West and Novogard to the East It is great populous and fruitful was a Sovereign Dukedom till John Basilovitz conquered it in 1509. The principal City is Pleskow Pleskovia which stands upon the River Veliki forty Miles from the Confines of Livonia to the East sixty from the Lake of Ilmen and forty from Riga to the North-East This City was betrayed into the Hands of the Russ by the Priests in 1509 upon a Religious Pretence who were severely punished for their Treason by that perfidious bloody cruel Tyrant In 158◠it was besieged and taken by Stephen King of Poland Again in 1615 by Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden out of whose Hands the Russ were forced to redeem it by the Payment of a vast Sum of Money The Russ call it Pskouwa Plessis a Seigniory in the Province of Poictou in France giving Name and Origine to an Honourable Family which produced the late famous Minister of State in that Kingdom the Cardinal of Richlieu Plymouth Plymuthum a Noble Sea-Port Town in the most Western part of Devonshire on the South of England It takes its Name from the River Plyme between which and the Tainer a much greater River and the Western Boundary of Devonshire this Town is seated and has one of the largest safest and most convenient Havens in the World It was anciently called Sutton and saith Mr. Cambden of late times was a poor Fishermens Town but within the compass of a few years become equal to some of the best Cities in England Fortified both to the Seaward by a Fort built on St. Nicolas Isle and to Landward by two Forts upon the Haven and a Castle on a Hill besides which it has a Chain for the Security of the Haven in time of War Henry IV. granted it a Mayor From this Town Sir Francis Drake set Sail in 1577 when he went that Voyage in which he sailed round the Terrestrial Globe Out of this Haven the English Fleet was Towed by Ropes the Winds being contrary when in 1588 Charles Lord Howard Admiral of England went to fight the Spanish invincible Armado as they unwisely called it Charles II. added to the Strength of this Place by building a stately Cittadel on a Hill near it and to its Honour by creating Charles Fitz-Charles one of his Natural Sons Baron of Dartmouth Viscount Totnes and Earl of Plymouth July 9. 1675 who afterward died at Tangier Ploen Plona a small City in the Dukedom of Holstein in the Province of Wagaren between a double Lake of the same Name six German Miles from Lubeck to the North. It has a splendid and noble Castle which together with the City is under the Dominion of a Prince of the Family of Holstein Plotzko Ploczko or Plosco Plocum Ploscum a small City in the Greater Poland which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Gnesna the Capital of a Palatinate of the same Name in the Dukedom of Mazomiekie or Masovia to which there belongs a Castle It is seated upon the Vistula fourteen Polish Miles from Warsaw to the West Pludents a small Seigniory in Tyrol belonging to the King of Spain Plusa Aprusa a small River in Romandiola which springeth out of Mount Titam and running Southward falls into the Adriatick Sea near Rimin◠Also called L' Avesa Pluviers Aviarium a City in the Province of La Beause upon the River l' Oeuf ten Leagues from Orleans to the North and as many from Montargis to the East it is a spruce City and by the Writers of the middle Times called Pithuria Plurs or Pleure Plura an Italian Prefecture belonging to the Grisons by the Gift of Maximilian Sforza Duke of Milan in 1513. It takes its Name from the chief Town of the same Name once seated at the Foot of the Alpes near Chiavenne upon the River Maira the chief of sundry Villages lying in the same bottom now nothing but a deep and bottomless Gulph For on April 26. 1617. a huge Rock falling from the top of the Mountains overwhelmed it and killed in the twinkling of an Eye fifteen hundred people left no sign or ruin of a Town there standing but in the place thereof a great Lake of about two Miles in length Heylyn There were eight Religious Houses in it yet scarce one person of all the Town escaped alive The day before this a roaring noise was heard from the Mountain Po Padus Eridanus the greatest River in Italy which ariseth in Piedmont and dividing Lombardy into two parts falls into the Adriatick Sea by many Mouths Called by the Italians French and English Po by the Germans Paw It s Head is in Mount Viso Vesulus one of the Cottian Alpes in the Borders of Dauphiné in the Marquisate of Saluzzo from a Spring called Visenda in the midst of a Meadow and running East by the Castle of Paisand it hides it self in the Earth again So dividing Piedmont at Villa Franca it takes in the Chisone and at Pancalieri the Veraita and Macra by the addition of which it becomes capable of bearing a Boat Then it waters Turin the Capital of Savoy where it takes in the Doria so continuing his Course to the East by Chivas and Casal he takes his leave of the Duke of Savoy's Dominions and entereth Milan leaving Pavia five and Milan twenty Miles to the North it passeth on the South of Piacenza and the North of Cremona leaving Parma four Miles to the South and Mantoua six to the North he passeth to Fichervolo where he divides his vastly improved Streams into two great Branches The Northern watereth the State of Venice and by five Mouths entereth the Gulph of Venice the Southern passeth to Ferrara and is there subdivided into three other Branches the most Southern of which runs within four Miles of Ravenna This River receives about thirty Rivers in all from the Alpes and the Apennine and being by far the greatest River in Italy is mightily magnified by the Latin Poets who would have it no less than the Nile and the Danube call it the King of Rivers and the greatest in the World It must be confessed that it is a noble Flood and the only one which has sound a place in Heaven too or hath the Glory to be made a Constellation But saith the Learned Dr. Brown who saw it there are many Rivers that exceed it in Greatness The Names of the most considerable of its Branches are il Po grando il Po di Ariano il Po di Volana and il Po di Argenta Poblet a Monastery in Catalonia where the Kings of Arragon were anciently buried Pocevera Porcifera a River in the States of Genoua which takes its rise from the Appennine and by a Valley ten Miles long makes it passage by Genoua into the Ligustick Sea Pocklington a Market Town in the East Riding of Yorkshire and the Hundred of Harthill upon a small River falling into the Derwent Pocutie Pocutia a small Tract in the South part of the Kingdom
in Limosin and watering Limoges entereth La Marche passeth into Poictou and three Leagues above Saumur to the East falls into the Loyre Vieste Viesta Apeneste a City in the Capitanato a Province of the Kingdom of Naples which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Manfredonia and stands at the foot of Mount Gargani upon the Adriatick Sea 25 Miles from Manfredonia to the South-East Built out of the Ruins of Marinum an antient Roman City which was honoured with a Bishops See and mentioned by Pliny Vietri a Town and Dutchy in the Kingdom of Naples near Salerno Vigazolo Vigisole Togisonus a Lake in the Territory of Padoua in Lombardy Vigenne Vincenna a River of Burgundy Vigevano Viglebanum Vergeminum a small City with a strong Castle in the Dukedom of Milan in 1530. made a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Milan from which it stands 20 Miles to the West and 12 from Novara upon the River Tecino There is a small County belonging to it of the same name Vignori Vangionis Rivus a Town in Champagne Vihitz Vihitza a City of Croatia also called Bigion upon a small Lake made by the River Wana 45 Miles from Segna or Zeng to the East and from Zara ro the North formerly the Capital of Croatia and a Hanse Town Uikesland a Tract in Esthonia in Livonia between Reval and Pernaw upon the Baltick Sea under the Swedes Uilaine Vindana Herius Vicennonia Vidana a River of Bretagne in France which watering Rennes the Capital of that Province falls into the British Sea between Nantes and Vannes Uilla de Chiesa Villa Ecclesiae a City on the South side of the Island of Sardinia which is a Bishops See ever since the year 1513. but little and not much inhabited Uilach Cacorum Villachum a City of the Vpper Carinthia upon the Drave where it receives the Geyla in the Dominions of the Bishop of Bamberg eighteen Miles from Clagonfurt to the West and forty six from Vdine to the North. Uilla Franca a Town in Piedmont in the County of Nizza with a large Port on the Mediterranean Sea Built in 1295. by Charles II. King of Naples five Miles from Nizza to the West and from Monaco to the same Near this place the French defeated Prosper Colonna in 1516. Uille Franche de Conflent Villa Franca Consluentum a City of Rousillon in the Mountains upon the River Thetis at the soot of the Pyren ten Leagues from Perpignan to the West Uille Franche de Rovergue a great City of Aquitain in the Province of Rovergue upon the River Veronium eight Leagues from Rhodes to the West and from Caors to the East § There is another Town of this name in the Territory of Beaujolois Uillemur a Town in Languedoc Uillena Bigerra once a City of the Bastitana's mentioned by Livy Ptolemy and some others Now a Town in the Kingdom of Murcia in the Borders of Valencia twelve Leagues from Murcia to the North. As appears by several ancient Inscriptions there found Uilne Vilna a City in the Kingdom of Poland called by the Inhabitants Wilenski by the Poles Wylna by the Germans Wilde and Wildaw by the French Vilne and Vilna It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Gnesna and the Capital of Lithuania Built in 1305. by Gedemin Great Duke of Lithuania and since become a very great City Ill handled by the Russ in 1655. when they took it The Swedes have since regained and rebuilt it In 1579. there was an University opened here by King Stephen It stands upon a River of the same name one hundred and thirty Polish Miles from Cracow to the South-East and forty eight from Riga to the South Long. 49. 50. Lat. 55. 10. Uilss Quintanica a River of Bavaria Uimen Vinemagum Vimesium a Tract in Picardy between Normandy to the South the Mouth of the Somme to the North and the British Sea to the West Uimory a Village in the Province of Gastinois in France one League from Montargis where the Duke of Guise obtained a Victory over the Foreign Forces that came to the succor of the Huguenots in 1587. Uinay the same with Vence Uincennes a famous Palace and Castle Royal near Paris to the East surrounded with a large Park which Philip the August K. of France walled in 1183. There was a Castle standing there at that time Philip de Valois in 1327. demolish'd that old Castle and laid the foundations of a new one in the same place K. John carried on the Work and Charles V. born here in 1338 brought it to perfection In 1614. The Qu. Regent of France Maria de Medicis adorned it with a Gallery and 1660. Lewis XIV established both the Palace and Castle in their present State Three of the Kings of France have died here Lewis X. in 1316. Henry V. K. of England and by Conquest of France in 1422. Charles IX in 1574. The Chappel of the Castle received its Foundation from Charles V. in 1379. In this Chappel the body of Card. Mazarine dying here in 1661 rested till in the year 1684 it was removed to the Church of the College of his own name at Paris and his heart given to the Theatines The Castle now serves for a Prison of State and Persons of great note have often found their Tombs in it Uindish Marck Vindorum Marchia a part of the Dukedom of Carniola between Croatia to the East Czirknitzerzee to the West and the Save to the North. The principal places of which are Metling Rudelswerd and Ribnick Uinoxberg See Bergue S. Vinoch a City of Flanders Taken by the French in 1646. Retaken by the Spaniards in 1658. Uintuniglia Albintiminium Albintemelium Vintimilium a City of Liguria in the States of Genoua which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Milan fifteen Miles from Nizza to the West Uipao Frigius a River of Carniola called by the Germans Wipach by the Italians Vipao It ariseth out of the Alpes in the Borders of Carniola near the Castle of Wipach and flowing through the Dukedom of Goritia between it and Gratz falls into the Isonzo Upon the Banks of this River Theodosius the Great overthrew Eugenius the Usurper in 394. Uique See Vich Uire Viria a City in the Lower Normandy of good esteem upon a River of the same name twelve Leagues from Caen to the North-West and a little more from Coutance to the East Uirginia a Country in North America Bounded on the South by Carolina on the East by the Vergivian Ocean on the North by Maryland on the West by Mountains and a vast Tract of undiscovered Lands First discovered by Sabastian Cabot a Portuguese in an English Ship in 1497. Viewed by Sir Fran. Drake called Virginia by Sir Walter Rawleigh in Honour of Qu. Elizabeth in 1584. First planted in 1607. by Sir John Popham The Air is pleasant and wholsome except in the Lowlands and Marshes Subject to violent changes especially when the North-West Winds blow which coming from Mountains always covered with Snow
Gates of Geneva Gold is found amongst its Sands Arundale Aruntina Vallis a Corporation in Sussex upon the River Arun in which there is a Castle a stately place strong by Art and Nature The Name State and Dignity of Earl belongs to whoever is possessed of this Mannor and Castle without any other Consideration or Creation to be an Earl as Mr Camden acquaints us out of the Parliament Rolls of the 11. H. VI. This Castle stands 9 Miles East of Chichester and the Fee is in the Hands of the most Noble Henry Duke of Norfolk Earl Marshal of England by Inheritance granted by Charles II. in 1672. to the Father of this present Duke who is the Eldest Duke Earl and Baron in England and the first Protestant of this Noble and Illustrious Branch The marmora Arundeliana have made this name universally known amongst the Ingenious of all parts The Corporation sends Two Burgesses to the Parliament Arzilla Zilia Azella a maritime Town in the Province of Hasbata in the Kingdom of Fez upon the Atlantique Ocean well fortified Alphonsus V. King of Portugal surnamed Africanus took it in 1471. The King of Fez besieged it in 1508. without Victory Afterwards the Portuguese abandon'd it Arzeron Aziris a City of Armenia upon the Euphrates the Turkish Viceroy of which has under him 17 subordinate Governors Asasi a Town in the Kingdom of Marocco Asaph Elâ—â—a Asaphopolis a Town and Bishops See in Flintshire in Wales this Bishoprick was erected by Kentigern Bishop of Glascow in Scotland in the year 560. He returning afterwards into Scotland made Asaph a holy Man Bishop of this place from whom it has its Name There is in this Diocese 128 Parishes The Town is mean as well as the Church and it stands upon the River Cluyd about three Miles from the Sea and sixteen from Chester Lat. 53. 22. Long. 3. 17. Asborn a Market Town in Darbyshire in the Hundred of Wirksworth Ascalon was heretofore a City of Judaea in the Tribe of Dan upon the Sea Coast and one of the strongest holds of the Philistines Baldwin I. King of Jerusalem took it from the Saracens about the year 1153. It was made a Bishops See but so destroyed since that not above 50 Families now dwell in it who are Moors and Turks Ascania an antient Town in the Principality of Anhalt in Germany betwixt Magdebourg and Northuhausen it gives the Title of a Count. Aschaffenbourg Asciburgum a City in Germany in the Diocese of Mentz but in the Limits of Franconia and therefore by some ascribed to that Province Heretofore an Imperial or Hans-Town but afterwards exempted it is divided into two parts by the River Mayn which falls into Rhine at Mentz There is in it a stately Palace built of square Stone called Johansburg where the Elector of Mentz often resides This Town is distant from Frankford 6 Miles Eastward Aschen a Castle in Bavaria Aschersleben Ascania an old Town in the Diocese of Halberstad in the Principality of Anhalt in Germany whence the House of Anhalt receives the Name of principes Ascanii almost ruined Ascherne Aschenten Askarna a Town in the County of Limerick in Munster in Ireland upon a River of the Name Ascoli di Satriano Asculum Apulum a small decaying City an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Benevento in the Kingdom of Naples in the County called the Principate at the foot of the Apennine 35 Miles East from Benevento This City is built on a Hill a former which stood near it having been ruin'd in the year 1399. by a dreadful Earthquake this was built in the year 1410. by the Inhabitants of the other Ascoli upon the River Tronto a City in the Marcha Anconitana in Italy with an Episcopal See immediately under the Pope The Birthplace of Pope Nicholas IV. as formerly of Betutius Barrus an Orator mentioned by Cicero In 1557. the French and Spaniards had a Battle near this place The antient Inhabitants were the first that confederated against the Romans in the Marsick War Sometime after that it was almost ruined but rebuilt and fell to be one of the first Temporal Demains of the Pope Ascot a Mannor in the County of Buckingham which has long belonged to the Loyal Family of the Dormers Earls of Carnarvan and Viscounts of Ascot who were advanced to this Honor Aug. 2. 1628. by Charles I. for whom Robert the first Earl died fighting in the Battle of Newberry in 1643. Asebin Nisivis See Nisbin Asgar a Province in the Kingdom of Fez in Africa to the West between the Provinces of Fez and Habat It s principal Towns are Arasch and Alcasar-Quivir Ashby de la Zouch a Market-Town and Barony in Leicestershire which saith Camden is now in the Earls of Huntington one of which Family Sir William Hastings procured the Town the Privilege of a Fair in the Reign of Henry VI. It stands in the North-West Corner of the County about eleven Miles North-East from Eaton Ash-burtun a Corporation seated upon the River Dart in Devonshire which sends two Burgesses to the Parliament it stands about 17 Miles from Exeter to the South-West and 5 Miles from Newton Ashdale a Place in Scotland of which the late Duke of Monmouth was Baron Ashdod Azotus a City in the Holy Land which was one of the Principalities of the Philistines in S. Jerom's time it was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Caesarea now a Village called Alzete by the Turks See Azotus Ashford a Market-Town in Kent upon the River Stower in Scray-Lath Ashkrig a Market-Town in Yorkshire in the North-riding and the Hundred of Hang West A S I A the first of the Four parts of the World the Mother and for a long time the Nurse and Mistress of Mankind for here in this Man was created and after the Deluge this was the Place God chose to give Mankind a second Beginning in the 2 first of the General Monarchies viz. the Assyrian and Persian were in this part and to it chiefly was the Church confined till our blessed Saviour came It is washed on three sides by the vast Ocean which on the East is called the Eastern or Pacifick Ocean on the North the Tartarian Ocean or Mar del Norte on the West the Aethiopian Ocean and the Red Sea and it is divided from Europe by the Mediterranean and Black Sea with the Rivers of Tanais Don or Tana Rha and Obb. It is only parted from Europe by the space of 300 German Miles more or less by these Rivers connected to Africa by a Neck of Land of about 30 Miles and whether the North-East part of it is not united with the North-West part of America could never yet be discovered tho probably there is a streight or narrow Sea between them so that lying in the midst of the other three it was the fittest place to be made the Cradle of Mankind from whence the other were all to be peopled It lies in length from the Hellespont to Malacca the utmost Eastern
that in 1623. there were said to be 3000 English Inhabitants called Bermudas from the Spanish and Summer Islands from the English Discoverer Bermet a City of the hither East-Indies supposed by Castaldus to be the Barbari of Arrian Bern Berna a great and well built City of Switzerland which has its name from a Bear and carries a Bear for its Arms. Built by Bertoldus Duke of Zeringhen in 1191. upon the River Aar which falls into the Rhine at Waldhust a Town of Schwaben and adorned with a Library and an Arsenat that deserve to be remembred It is the cheif City of the Canton of Bern which is one of the largest Cantons and was added to the rest in 1353. To look a little back into the antient History of this City it obtained the right of an Incorporated City from the Emperors Henry IV. and Philip II. Confirmed by Frederick II. it continued under the Empire till 1228. and then put themselves under the Protection of the Duke of Savoy In 1241. it had an unfortunate War with Gothofredus Duke of Habspurg whereupon in 1243. they made a League with Freiburg as also for ten Years with Wallisserlandt in 1251. In 1287. this City was besieged by Rodolphus of Habspurg They suffered much also from Albertus who had a set Battle with them near their Walls in 1291. wherein they lost many Men but had better Success against the Earl of Savoy the same year In 1346. they renewed their League with Freiburg after which followed the Perpetual League in 1353. whereby it obtained the second place amongst the Cantons In 1528. it imbraced the Reformation and thereupon passed a Law against mercenary Service in foreign Wars It stands about 13 Miles from Bazil to the South 4 from Freiburg to the North and about 20 from Geneva to the North-East This Canton is so well replenished with Gentry handsom Towns good Castles and Villages that you may compare it almost to one continued City and as for the Civil Government of it it is managed by two Councils of Senators under a Chief whom they call in French an Avoyer in German Schaltesch which last is an old Word in the Laws of the Lombards See Doctor Burnett's Letters Bernards Castle a Market-Town in Durham in Darlington Wapentake upon the River Tees which takes its name from a Family that first came into England with the Saxons Bernbourg a small City in Germany in the Upper Saxony in the Principality of Anhalt upon the River Saaldar Sala 4 German Miles from Magdebourg towards the South and as many from Dessaw to the West It is dignified with the Title of an Earldom and the Seat of a Castle Bernich Berenice a City of Africa upon the Mediterranean Sea mentioned by Ptolemy and Pliny but called Hesperia by Mela one of the 5 Cities in Pentapolis between the Promontory Boreum now il Capo di Teiones upon the greater Syrtis and the City of Arsinoe to the East It had its antient name from Berenice the Queen of Ptolemy the third King of Egypt as Solinus saith Bernstadt Bernardi Vrbs a Town in Silesia in the Dutchy of Olss in Germany upon the River Veid or Veida 3 or 4 Leagues from Breslaw Beroa Berrhaea believed to be the modern Aleppo was a famous City amongst the Antients reedified by Seleucus Nicanor and sometime an Archbishops See under the Patriarch of Antioch See Aleppo § Also an antient Town in Macedonia near the River Lydius Berry Bituricensis Provincia Bituriges a Dukedom in France bounded on the North by Sologne on the East by Nivernois and Bourbone on the West by Poictou and part of Tourein and on the South by Limosin The Principal City of this Province is Bourges divided into 2 parts by the River Chur a rich fruitful and populous Province The antient Inhabitants are famous in History for the 2 Colonies of Gauls they transmitted into Germany and Italy under the Command of Segovesus and Bellovesus both Nephews to Ambigatus King of Gallia Celtiqua in the time of Tarquinius V. King of Rome for from the Conquests by them made proceeds the Division of Gallia Transalpina and Cisalpina See Gallia Bersheba or Beerseba an antient City of Palestine by the way of Gaza to which Abraham and Abimelech gave this name because of the Covenant they there mutually ratified by Oath with each other Gen. 21. 31. It fell afterwards by Lot to the Tribe of Simeon Josh 19. 2. and committed Idolatry with the Apostate Tribes as we collect from Amos 5. 5. and S. Jerom. in loc Some take it to be the same now with Gibel Bertinoro Bretinorium Petra Honorii a City in the Province of Romagna in Italy with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Ravenna hither removed from Forlimpopoli It s Situation is upon a little Hill in the Borders of Tuscany near the River Renco S. Bertrand de Cominges Convenae seu Lugdunum Convenarum a City of France at the foot of the Pyrenean Mountains upon the River Garonne in the Earldom de Cominge which was destroyed by the Franks under King Guntchramnus in 584 but rebuilt by S. Bertrand in 1100. and from him in after times it had its present name It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Auch 25 Leagues from Thoulouse to the South and 55 from Bourdeaux to the South-West Berwald a Town beyond the River Oder in the New March in the Marquisate of Brandenburgh remarkable for the Treaty celebrated here in 1631. betwixt the Crowns of France and Sweden and the Princes of Germany Berwick Burcovicum Bervicium Teusis a Town in Northumberland situated upon the North side of the River Twede the most Northern Town in the Kingdom of England and saith Camden the strongest hold in all Britain It stands upon a Promontory so that it is almost totally incompass'd with the Sea and River Delivered up to Henry II. by William King of Scotland as a Pledge for his Ransom being then a Prisoner in England restor'd again by King John upon repayment of the Mony Edward I. in 1297. retook it After this it was won and lost divers times till in the Reign of Edward IV. Sir Thomas Stanley made a final reducement of it to the Crown of England The English Princes have fortified it but especially Queen Elizabeth who Walled it anew within the old Wall and added Out-works after the later Modes by which it was made incredibly strong Henry II. built the Castle and other of our Princes the outward Wall so that all its Works are owing to the English After a long Peace in 1639. this Town saw the English and Scotch Encamped under her Walls again in opposition till a Peace was concluded there Jane 17. However I find before the end of the War they were possessed of it and quitted it Feb. 17. 1646. March 12. 1686. King James II created Mr. James Fitz-James his Natural Son Duke of Berwick Ehis Town lies in Long. 21. d. 43. m. Lat. 55. 48. and sends 2 Burgesses to the
by the French Bolduc and by the Flandrians S. Shertogenbosch a City in the Dukedom of Brabant which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mechlen seated upon the River Disa Dios which a little farther to the North falls into the Maze It is a large new City environed with Rivers and Marshes very well fortified and only one League from the Maze taken by the Dutch in 1629. who are still possessed of it Geofry Duke of Brabant made a Town of it out of a Wood in the year expressed in this Chronogram GodefrIdVs dVX e sILVa feCIt oppIdVM The See was founded by Pope Paul IV. in 1559. And the Country called the Mayorality of Bosleduc containing above 100 Villages has this City for its Capital Bosnia called by the French Bossen by the Germans Wossen is a Province of Europe bounded on the North by Sclavonia on the West by Croatia on the East by Servia and on the South by Dalmatia it takes its name from the River Bosna which riseth in Servia thence entering Bosnia waters Bosna-Sarai and falls into the Save It had Kings of its own from 1357. till 1465. having been before a part of the Kingdom of Hungary The Turks under Mahomet II. Conquered it in 1465. and are still possessed of a great part of it The same Mahomet caused Stephen the last King of Bosnia to be flea'd alive Bosphorus Cimmerius that famous Streight or passage at which the Euxine Sea communicates with the Paulus Maeotis or the Sea of Tana They now call it the Streights of Caffa and Kerci from two Towns in the Peninsula of Taurica Chersonesus which are situated upon the Banks of it Heretofore there was a Town called Bosphorus in those parts which gave Name both to the Streights and to the antient People the Bosphori mentioned by Pliny Strabo c. It afterwards changed its name to Panticapaeum which some believe to be the same with the modern Vospero a late Bishops See under the Patriarch of Constantinople § Bosphorus Thracius otherwise known by the Name of the Canal of the Black Sea and the Streights of Constantinople is so narrow a passage betwixt Thrace and Asia Minor that in some Streets at Constantinople they can hear the Cocks crowing upon the Shoars of Asia Upon this Bosphorus stands Gallipoli the Dardanells and the Seven Towers where Prisoners of State are secured It is now called Bogazin Bosra or Bostra See Bussereth § Strabo speaks of another Bosra in Phaenicia Bossu a Town in Hainault near Valencienne dignified with the Title of an Earldom Boston a Corporation in Lincolnshire seated on both sides of the River Witham which is covered by a Timber Bridge the Town stands within 3 Miles of the Sea and has a very convenient Haven which in Mr. Camden's time was well Traded it sends 2 Burgesses to the Parliament § Also a place in new-New-England of the same name well built and peopled It is indeed the Capital Town of that Plantation Bosworth an antient Market-Town in Leicestershire upon the River Sence which a little farther falls into the Anker at Atherston Near this place Henry Earl of Richmond Aug. 22. 1485. overthrew in Battle Richard III. and put an end to those long and bloody Wars between the Houses of Lancaster and York And March 12. 1686. King James II. did this Town the honor to constitute Mr. James Fitz-James his Natural Son amongst many other great Honors Baron of Bosworth Bothnia a Province of Sweden upon the Baltick Sea which gives Name to the Botner Sea or that Branch of the Baltick which lies most West between which and Lapland this Province lies Torn is its Capital City Bova a City in the further Calabria in the Kingdom of Naples with an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Reggio near the Ocean betwixt the Cape de Spartivento and Reggio Bouchain Bochonium Buceinium a small but strong Town well fortified in the Province of Hainault in the Low-Countries upon the River Escaut betwixt Valenciennes and Cambray It is the Capital of the County of Ostervand which formerly belong'd mmediately to the eldest Sons of the Earls of Hainault Taken by the French in 1676. and ever since by them retained Boufflers a Territory contained in the Diocese of Amiens in Picardy in France upon the River Authie Remarkable for giving Name to an Ancient and Eminent Family in that Province Bouhin an Island of France between the Coasts of the Provinces of Poictou and Bretaigne below the Mouth of the Loyre § Also a Town in the County of Foretz in the same Kingdom near the River Lignon which is one of the best Places in Foretz Bovines Boviniacum a small Town upon the River Maze in the County of Namur made famous by a bloody Battle given here by Philip the August King of France to Ferdinand Earl of Flanders who was here taken Prisoner in the Year 1214 Whereupon Philip founded the Abbey of our Lady de la Victoire near Senlis in Commemoration of his Victory This Town lies 4 Leagues from Namur to the South Bovino Bovinum is a small City in the Kingdom of Naples in the Capitanata which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Benevento it stands at the foot of the Apennine near the River Cervaro six Leagues from Troja to the South and twelve from Ariano to the South-East Bouillon Bullonium a small Town and Castle in the Bishoprick of Liege four Leagues from Masiers to the North and ten from Namur The Capital of an ancient Dukedom which lies between the Dukedom of Luxemburg to the West and Champagne to the South This Dukedom was mortgaged to Otbâ—rt Bishop of Liege in 1096 by Godfery then Duke of it after the famous King of Jerusalem and ever since the Bishops of this Diocese have claim'd a Right to it But by the Treaty of Nimeguen in 1679 it was agreed that the Dukes of Bovillon who are in possession of it should peaceably enjoy the same all Differences being referred to honorary Arbitrators and that the Bishops should in the mean time use no Force against the said Dukes and so it remains to this day in their Possession Boulogne See Bologne Bolognese and Bononia Bourbone Borbonium a small City of France the Capital of the Dukedom of Bourbone bounded on the North with the Province of Niverne on the East by the Dukedom of Burgundy on the West with the Province of Berry and Marche and on the South with Auvergne The River Allier Ellaver cuts this Dukedom into two Parts and it lies in length from the North-East to the South-West twenty eight Leagues between the Rivers of Loire and Cher. Robert the fourth Son of Lewis the Ninth King of France had this Dutchy in Marriage with Agnes of Bourbone whose descendent after 300 years in the Person of Henry IV. came to the Crown of France in 1590 and his Grandchild Lewis XIV now enjoys that Throne The principal City call'd Bourbonne l' Archambault lies 4 Leagues from Moulins 56
having been excommunicated by Pope Gregory VII rendred himself to the Pope's Discretion and thereupon received Absolution in the Year 1077. § This is also the name of a County in the Modenese in Italy near Parmesan Canstat a small City in the Dukedom of Wirtemburg upon the River Necker within one Mile of Stuttgard and five of Pfortzhaim to the East Cantabri an antient Valiant People of Spain being those properly of the Provinces of Guipuscoa and Biscay who withstood Augustus in several Rencounters and at last kill'd themselves rather than to submit to Servitude Canterbury Cantuaria Darvernum Dorovernia is the principal City in the County of Kent very antient and without doubt saith Mr. Camden famous in the times of the Roman Empire It stands on the Eastern Shoar of the River Stour called by the British â—uvwhern from whence it had its antient Names Being the Royal Seat of the Kings of Kent when Augustine the Monk came over to convert them it by that Means became the Metropolitan See of England The Bodies of eight Kings lye interr'd in the Cathedral as likewise the Body of Thomas Beckeâ— the famous Roman-Catholick Saint once Archbishop of this See There has been several Provincial Councils celebrated here The Coronation of King John and Queen Isabel his Wife the Marriages of Henry II. and Edward I. were all performed here Augustine the first Archbishop was consecrated in 568. Dr. William Sancroft the LXXVII in this Succession was consecrated Jan 27. 1677. It lies in Long. 24. 51. Lat. 51. 16. Two Burgesses are elected for the Parliament by the Corporation Canton a Province and City in the East of China suppos'd to be the Cattigara of Ptolemy which tho the least of their Metropolitan Cities is yet beautified with many triumphant Arches large Streets and goodly Bridges over a Navigable River running on the South side of it also fortified with deep Ditches eight Bulwarks and seated in a rich and plentiful Soil The Portugals drive here saith Dr. Heylin a wealthy Trade being permitted in the day time to come into the City but at night excluded and forced to find Lodgings in the Suburbs This City lies in Alvares Samodo's Map about Long. 125. and about 26. Lat. According to others in Long. 170.00 Lat. 24.00 See Quancheu The Switz Cantons See Switzerland Capace or Capaccio Caput Aqueum a City of the Principatus Citerior in the Kingdom of Naples and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Salerno in the place of Pesti which was ruined by Frederick the Emperor in 1249. though since rebuilt again This City lies 22 Miles from Salerno to the South in Long. 38 52. Lat. 40. 28. Caparra Capara a City of Extremadura in the Kingdom of Leon in Spain which stands in the middle between Emerita now Merida and Placentia Cap-D-Aguer the same with Santa Cruz in Africa Capelan a Mountain in the Kingdom of Pegu beyond the Gulph of Bengala in the East-Indies A Quarry of Precious Stones of divers Colours is found within it La Capelle a Fortress in the Territory of Tierache within the Province of Picardy towards the Frontiers of Hainault built in the last Age to oppose the Incursions of the Low-Countries about a League from the River Oyse It has been many times taken and retaken Capernaum or Capharnaum the Metropolitan City heretofore of Galilee in the Tribe of Naphtali towards the Borders of Zabulon near the Mouth of Jordan and upon the Coast of the Sea of Tiberias where our Saviour first began to preach S. Matthew was a Publican here when called to be an Apostle Since Solyman reduc'd this City into Ashes it has only been inhabited by a few Moors who ask Money of the Pilgrims that goe to visit the holy Places Capes a River of the Kingdom of Tunis in Africa springing from Mount Atlas and discharging it self into the Mediterranean near a Town call'd Capes where it makes a Gulph of the same Name Caphareus a famous Promontory on the East point of the Isle of Negropont otherwise now call'd Capo del oro and Capo Figera very dangerous to navigate The Grecian Navy seduc'd by Nâ—uplâ—â—s King of Eubaea by a false Light in revenge of the Death of his Son Palimedes by Vlysses being all said to have been shipwrack'd upon these Rocks Capitanata a Province of the Kingdom of Naples which in the more antient times was call'd Apulia Daunia bounded on the North and East with the Adriatick Sea on the West with the County of Molise and on the South with the Principatus Vlterior the Basilicata and the Bariano a very fruitful well watered Country the chief City is Manfredonia The Capitol Capitolium a famous Fortress of Old Rome founded by Tarquinius Prisous in the year of Rome 139. Perfected by Tarquinius Superbus in the year 221. Burnt in the Reign of Vitellius Rebuilt by Vespasian Burnt again by Lightning under Titus and reedified with very great pomp by Domitian who constituted a Quinquennial Celebration of Games which became an Aera by the Name of Agones Capitolini after the manner of the Olympiads Jupiter had a Temple here in his honour whence they denominated him Capitolinus In this place the Christians have built a Church call'd Ara Caeli dedicated to the B. Virgin Mary Capo D' Istria Caput Istriae Aegida the capital City of the Province of Histria in Italy See Cabo d'Istria Capo Cabo cap Cape de Aden Ammonium a Promontory in Arabia Foelix next to Africa in Long. 76. 30. de Alguer Atlantis in Mauritania Tingittana de Bona Speranza of Good Hope Is a famous Promontory upon the most Southern Part of Africa first discovered by Bartholomew Diaz a Portuguese in 1487. in 32 of Southern Lat. 50 of Long. It had this name given it by Emanuel then King of Portugal because he hoped by the doubling it a passage would be open by Sea to the East-Indies as it came to pass to the great enriching of his Kingdom The Hollanders near this Cape have a settlement of about 100 Houses with a strong Fort. The Natives are divided into several distinct Nations of Cornwall or the Lands End the most Western Point of England di Corso a Promontory in Corsica di Faro Pelorum the most Northern Cape of Sicily of Farewel in Greenland di Formoso in Guinea de Sierra Liona Hesperium Cornu supposed to be the most Western Point of Africa known to the Antients 70 Spanish Leagues beyond the most Southern Mouth of the River Niger de Verde the most Western Point of Africa in the Division of Nigritia South to the Mouth of the River Senega in 14 deg of Lat. There is an innumerable number of other Capes which the Brevity of this Work will not admit The Islands of Capo de Verde are a knot of small Islands by some taken for the Hesperides by some for the Gorgades of the Antients lying demicircularly with the Points to the Sea 150 Leagues off of Cape Verde under the Portuguese but
Leagues from Paris two from Senlis and near a Forrest call'd Chantilly It is one of the most delightful Castles in the Kingdom of France Chaocheu A great City and Territory having Jurisdiction over nine Cities in the Province of Quangtung in China The City is adorn'd with two stately Temples a large Bridge over a Navigable River and is a very trading place Chaoking the Capital City of a Territory of the same Name in the Province of Quangtung in China having ten other Cities under its Jurisdiction It is the Seat of a Vice-Roy and full of Noble Buildings La Chapelle a Town in the Province of Limosin in France Chappel in the Frith a Market Town in Devonshire in the Hundred of High Peak Los Chareâ—s sometimes also call'd la Plata from its Capital City is a Province of the Southern America towards the Pacifick Ocean below the Tropick to the South of Peru. Chard A Market Town in Somersetshire in the Hundred of Kingsbury Charente Carentelus Caranthenus a River of France which ariseth in Limosin and running Westward entereth the Province of Poictou from which it passeth to Angolesine and Sainctes and entereth the Aquitane Sea right over against the Isle of Oleron between the Garonne and the Loire Charenton Carentonium a Town in the Isle of France about two Miles from Paris to the East upon the River Marne where it enters the Seine This Place was allow'd for the Exercise of the Reformed Religion which together with its nearness to Paris made it very famous till the demolishing of that Religion there La Charite A large Town upon the Loire in the Province of Nivernois upon the ascent of a Hill betwixt Nevers and Cosne in France Often taken and retaken in the Civil Wars of that Kingdom Here the Loyre is covered with a good Bridge Charkliqueu A Town in Cappadocia in the Lesser Ajia two Leagues from Tocat standing in a fruitful Country for Wine There is the Rock not far from it which served in the Exile of S. Chrysostom for the place of his retreat much frequented by the devout Christians Charlemont Carolomontium a small but very strong Town in the most Southern Border of the County of Namur upon the River Mose about four Miles South of Dinant and nine from Namur It belonged formerly to the Bishoprick of Liege but was taken into this County and fortified by Charles V. in 1555. by the consent of that Bishop Charlemont an old Castle in the Province of Vlster in Ireland in the County of Armagh surrendred May 14. 1690. to the D. of Schomberg upon Articles for want of Provisions having defended it self for about six Months in the midst of all the Garrisons belonging to the said General to admiration Charleville Carolopolis a new and strong City in Champagne in France upon the Mose in the Territory de Retel between Mezieres and Rocrâ—y built by Charles Duke of Nevers and Mantoua in 1609. five Miles from Sedan For which reason it not only bears his Name but also is substituted in part under the Duke of Mantoua and part the King of France Charleroy a new built strong Town in Namur where the Village of Charnoy stood built by the Spaniards in 1666. and so called from the present King of Spain In 1667. it was taken by the French and in 1679. restored by the Treaty of Nimmeghen to the Spaniards It lies five Leagues from Mons to the East upon the River Sambre Charley a Market Town in Lancashire in the Hundred of Leyland Charles-Town the Principal Town in the Island of Barbadoes built by the English and so called from Charles II. of England of blessed Memory § A considerable Settlement in New-England has received the same Name from the same Excellent Prince it is adorned with a large well built Church and several fair Buildings Charlieu A Town in the County of Charolois in Burgundy which has risen from an Abby call'd Carilocus or Carus locus in the Diocese of Mascon A Council was here celebrated in 926. for the rebuilding of Churches and repairing of the Ruines of the Holy Places in Palestine Chars or Chirsi Chorsa a strong City of Armenia Major mentioned by Pliny as standing near the Fountains of Euphrates It is a Bishop's See and the Residence of the Turkish Bassa who keeps it with a strong Garrison against the Persians It is well fortified and has a fine Castle Charolles Carolia Quadrigellae one of the chief Towns in the County so called in Burgundy upon the River Reconse six Leagues from Cluny and the Loyre It is honoured with a Collegiate Church and some Religious Houses Charroux Karrofium an ancient Abby in the Province of Poictou not far from Berry Du Chesne a French Antiquary says it took this Name according to the vulgar opinion from Chair-rouge meaning the Prepuce of Jes Ch. that was cut from him at his Circumcision and was heretofore preserved as a Relick in this place Chartres Carnutum a City and Bishoprick of the County of Blois in France upon the River Eure eighteen Leagues from Paris to the South-West and sixteen from Orleans to the North. This Bishop was heretofore subject to the Archbishop of Sens but in 1621. was put under the Archbishop of Paris The City is the Capital of the County of Blois and more particularly of a little Territory call'd Chartrain from it self and has a noble Cathedral dedicated to the Virgin Mary whose Smock is kept here In 1528. it was advanced to the honour of a Dukedom Divers Synods of inferiour Note have been held here It is likewise of good Antiquity and one of the most agreeable Cities of France by the general contribution of all things for that purpose Charybdis the notorious Gulph upon the Coast of the Island of Sicily to the South opposite to Scylla a Rock upon the Coast of Italy to the North made equally known by the common Proverb Bochartus derives the Name from Char-Obdan in the Phoenician Language signifying the hole of destruction They now call it Capo di Faro Chaslus see Chalus Chasteau-Briant a small Town in Brittany nine or ten Leagues from Nantes towards the Confines of the Province of Anjou Some esteem it as the Country of the ancient Cadates in Caesar's Commentaries There is an old Castle standing in it Chasteau-Dun Castelodunum the Principal Town in Dunois in la Beausse in France upon the River Loâ—re nine Leagues from Blois to the North-West The Antients gave it the name of Vrbs clara And indeed we find in the fifth Century that it was a City with the Seat of a Bishop But being a dependant upon the Bishoprick of Chartres a Council soon after deprived it of this honour Chasteau-Gontier a Town upon the River Mayenne in the Province of Anjou in France and the Diocese of Anger 's Divers small Councils have been assembled at it Chasteau-Landon a small Town in the Territory of Gastinois in the Isle of France upon the River Loing between Nemours
Wall and has a spacious Castle on the other side of the River supposed to have risen first out of the Ruines of Venta Silurum the Capital City of the ancient Silures four Miles distant from it Cher Caris a River which riseth in Auvergne near Clermont and running North-West through Berry and on the South side of Tours a little below this last it falls into the Loyre Cherazoul a Town in the Province of Curdistan in Asia in the Road from Ninive to Hispahan of very difficult access from the manner of its construction within a steep and cleted Rock Cherbourg Caroburgus a Sea-Port in Normandy in France which has a tolerable good Harbor ten Leagues West of Constance This Town was lost by the English in 1453. Honfleur and Beaumont stand near it Chersonesus Aurea See Malaca Some believe this to be the Land of Ophir of King Solomon's time Cherry-Issand an Island on the Coast of Greenland in the most Northern part of the World discovered to us and denominated accordingly by Sir Francis Cherry There are many Mines of Lead growing in it Chertsey A Market Town in Surrey the Capital of its Hundred not far from the River Thames over which it enjoys a Bridge The unfortunate King Henry VI. was first interred without Pomp here and afterwards removed to Windsor Cherusci an Antient and Valiant People of Germany that dwelled between the Elbe and the Weser having the Catti and the Hermonduri their Neighbours to the South East and West Their General Arminius is often mention'd with honour by Tacitus Cherwell a River in Oxfordshire at the confluence of which with the Isis stands the most famous University of Oxford Chesee Povillux a Town in Champagne the Inhabitants whereof claim the privilege to assist at the Coronation of the Kings of France and to convey the Holy Ampoulle or Oil pretended to be brought by an Angel at the Consecration of the first Christian King of that Kingdom from St. Rheimes to our Ladies Church in Rheimes Chesham a Market Town in Buckinghamshire in the Hundred of Burnham Chester Civitas Legionum Cestria is a City and Bishoprick on the River Dee in the Westernpart of Cheshire whence often call'd West-Chester with a fair Stone Bridge over that River In this City it was that 7 Kings of the Scots and Brittains by way of Homage rowed King Edgar in his Barge from S. John's Church to his Palace himself as Sovereign holding the Helm The East-gate is accounted one of the stateliest in England and the Rows or Galleries made along the chief Streets for preservation against the Rain are very particular It was an ancient Roman Town call'd by Ptolemy Devana made a Bishops See by Henry VIII who put it under the Archbishop of York The ancient Earls of Chester fortified it both with Walls and a Castle It is now at this day a fine Place with 10 Parishes in it a County Palatine and the usual passage from England to Ireland It s Long. 20. 23. Lat. 53. 11. Cheshire Cestria hath on the South Shropshire on the East Stafford and Darby on the North Lancashire and on the West Denbigh and Flintshire towards the North-West it has a Promontory that runs a great way into the Sea It abounds more in good Pasturage than Corn well stored with Parks and watered by the Rivers Dee Weever and Mersey and the Cheese of this County is thought the best of England The Earldom of it belongs to the Prince of Wales Chesterfield a Market Town in Derbyshire in the Hundred of Scarsdale pleasantly seated between two small Rivers in a very good Soil King John made it a free Borough King Henry III. and his Barons fought that Battel hard by it in which Robert de Ferrers Earl of Derby was taken Prisoner and lost his Estate and Dignity King Charles I. advanced it to the Style and Title of an Earldom in the Person of Philip Lord Stanhop Anno 1628. whose Grandson at present possesses that Dignity Cheuxan an Island upon the Coast of the Province of Chekiang in China planted by above 70 small Towns and Villages of the Chinese Chewton a Market Town in Somersetshire the Capital of its Hundred also written Chewton-Mendip Chiampana Ciampa a Kingdom of the further East-Indies between Couchin-China Cambaja and the Mare Sinicum Pulocacien is the principal City of it Chiamsi a Province towards the South of China Chiangare See Galatia a Province of the Lesser Asia Chiapa a Province of New Spain in America watered by the Rivers Gryalva and rio blanco and for many Ages past inhabited by 4 different Nations of Indians It s Capital City is Civdad Real Chiarenza a Town in the Morea fifty five English Miles from Patras to the South It is a Sea-Port-Town Chiaromonti Claromons a considerable Town in the South-East part of Sicily in the Valley of Netina amongst the Mountains about forty Miles from Pachino to the West Chiavari Clavarum Claverinum a small but well inhabited Town upon the Coast of Genoua near Rapello in Italy towards the fall of the River Layagna The Genouese are said to build it in 1167. and after it had been ruined to rebuild it Chiavenne vide Claven Chichester Cicestria a City and Bishoprick in Sussex founded by Cissa II. King of the South Saxons After the Conquest it became a Bishops See the Chair being removed from Selsey a small Village not much above sive Miles to the Southward This City is seated on a River call'd the Lavant which encompasseth it on the West and South about six Miles from the Sea and almost in the Western Border of that County The Honorable Charles Fitz-Roy Duke of Southampton was created Earl of Chichester September 10. 1675 by Charles II. his Father It is a fair City with five or six Parish Churches and a Cathedral first erected by Radulph the third Bishop afterwards rebuilt and beautified by Bishop Seffrid the second of the Name when it had been almost consumed twice by Fire The Corporation elects two Burgesses for Parliament and would enjoy a better Trade were not the Haven choaked up that is next adjoining to â—it Chidley a Market Town in Devonshire on the River Tinge Chiemzee or Chiempsee Chiemium a City and Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Saltzburgh in the Dukedom of Bavaria about ten Leagues from Munich and Saltzburgh each It is no very considerable place An Archdeacon of Saltzburgh founded the Bishoprick in the year 1214. Chieri a Town in Piedmont where the French obtained a signal Victory against the Spaniards in 1639. It lies three Miles to the Eastward of Turino and was heretofore a Potent City and a Common-wealth but is now in Subjection to the Duke of Savoy Chifale an Island in the Gulph of Arabia Chilafa or Chielefa is a Fortress on the South of the Morea thirty eight English Miles North-West of Cape Matapan a Place of great Importance both as to its natural and artificial Fortifications and surrendred to the Venetians in 1686.
English Miles from Thessalonica to the North-West upon the Borders of Macedonia and Albania See Dr. Brown's Travels Cossir See Cosir Costagnazo Haemus a Mountain in Thrace Coustantz See Constance Costa-Ricca A Province of New Spain in the South America lying betwixt the two Seas and Westward of Veragua The Capital whereof is the City Carthage There are some Gold and Silver Mines in it and a Soil which makes it worthy of its Name Coste des dents or Coste de l' Ivoire the Ivory Coast is a part of the Coast of Guiny in Africa betwixt the Cape of Palmes and the Cape of three Points whither the English French Hollanders c. traffick for Elephants Teeth It is said to be well inhabited and to lye very conveniently Coste d'Or or the Golden Coast another part of the Coast of the same Country so call'd from the quantity of Gold that they find upon it It is about one hundred and thirty Leagues long reaching from the Cape of three Points where the former ends as far as to the River Volta and the Kingdom of Benin The English Danes and Dutch have divers Settlements upon it The latter having dispossessed all the Portugueze Cothon the ancient Name of the Port of Carthage in Africa Cotatis the principal City of Imiretta a Kingdom or Province of Georgia built at the Foot of an Hill by the River Phasiâ— consisting of about two hundred Houses those of the Grandees and the Kings Palace stand at a distance The Town has neither Fortifications nor Walls nor any Defence except where it is enclosed by the River and the Mountains On the other side of the River upon the top of an Hill higher than that under which the City is built stands the Fortress of Cotatis which appears very strong As Sir John Chardin describes this City in his Travels Cotbus Cotbutium a Town in Lusatia in Germany upon the River Havel which also passeth by Berlin from which it lies thirteen Miles to the South and ten from Franckford to the South-West This Town came into the Hands of the Duke of Brandenburgh in 1645. and is sometimes called Cotwitz Cotrone Croton a City of the further Calabriâ— in the Kingdom of Naples which of old was twelve Miles in Compass as Livy saith and built eighty years after Rome but now very small and thinly inhabited yet it is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Regio and has a Castle built by Charles V. It stands on the South-East side of Italy fifteen Miles South-East of Severina The Cottian-Alpes Alpes Cottiae a part of the Alpes heretofore under the Dominion of King Cottius mention'd in Suetonius as an Ally with the People of Rome in the Reign of Augustus and therefore by the Ancients called Cottiae from him They begin at the Fountains of the River Var and reach to Susa that is from Mount Viso to Mount Cenis dividing the Dauphinate from Piedmont Cotzchin or Chotozin or Kotym a Castle in Moldavia upon the Niester four Polish or twenty English Miles from Caminieck to the South-West where in 1673. an Army of the Turks consisting of two and thirty thousand Men under the Command of Solyman Aga designed for the ruine of Lemburgh were encamped having the Neister behind them a Range of Rocks and Precipices on one side the Castle of Cotzchin on the other a Trench before them defended by Half-Moons a Bridge over the Nieper and another over the Castle yet Zobietsky then Marshal but now King of Poland with much lesser Forces coming up October 9. battered down their Brest-Work with his Cannon and the next day dismounting his Cavalry to second the Lithuanian Foot which had been beaten off in Person at the head of his Men stormed their Camp took it slew or took Prisoners thirty one thousand five hundred Turks and the rest hardly escaped Solyman their General being slain In 1621. Vladislaus Prince of Poland Son of Sigismund King of Poland in the same Field defeated the Forces of Osman I. and slew the greatest part of them amongst the rest Vssain le Borgne who was esteemed the best Commander the Turks had in those times Couco Coucum a Kingdom in Barbary in Africa with a City of the same Name sixty Miles from the Shoars of the African Sea between the Kingdoms of Algiers and Bugia Coucy a Seigniory in Picardy giving Name to a Family of Honour Coventry Conventria a City in the County of Warwick upon the West Side of the River Sherborne which is of no very great Antiquity but neat strong rich and populous by reason of the Cloathing Trade Also a Bishop's See in Conjunction with Litchfield under the Archbishop of Canterbury It has three Churches the Priory or Convent whence the Name Coventry was the most ancient Foundation of the City being built by Canutus the Dane And the Cross may be reckoned amongst the finest in England The Noble George Villiers late Duke of Buckingham was created Earl of Coventry in the twenty first of James I. A Title that had lain buried ever since the Death of Edwin a Saxon whom William the Conqueror created Earl of Coventry in the first Year of his Reign Henry VI annexing the adjacent Towns and Villages to this City made it with them a County Corporate distinct from that of Warwickshire Coulan a City and small Kingdom in the East-Indies in the great Promontory of Malabar on the Western Shoar thirty five Leagues North of the Cape of Comâ—ry and about seventeen South of Cochin The Country is well watered and fruitful not above twenty Leagues long from North to South and eight or ten broad from East to West Bounded by the Kingdoms of Cochin and Travancor There are many Christians in it by the means of the Portuguese The City has a Castle and a safe Haven with the Character of a rich and flourishing Place The Portuguese were driven out of it by the Hollanders in 1663. Coulour a Town of the Hither East-Indies in the Kingdom of Golconde in Malabar seven days Journey from the City of Golconde There is a Mine or Quarry of Diamonds very near it Courreze Curretia a River in Limosin in France which riseth two Miles above Tulle and having watered both it and Brive falls into the Vesere two Miles above Condat Courtenay Cortenaeum Corteniacum Curtiniacum a small Town in the Isle of France six Miles distance from Sens West The Princes who have born the Title of this small Place are frequently mentioned by the French Historians and some of the Emperors of Greece are deriv'd from their Family Courtray Corteriacum by the Natives called Cortrick a Town in Flanders upon the River Lys five Leagues from Tournay to the North and four from Lille to the West Made famous by the Defeat of the French in 1302. This Town was taken by the French in 1646. and fortified and again in 1667 But in the Treaty of 1679. it returned under the Obedience of the King of Spain who is still possessed
a Castle taken by the Swedes and granted them by a Treaty in 1658. but in 1660. the Danes again recovered it The Country about is called the Government or Prefecture of Drontheim granted to the Swedes with the City but since recovered with it too This is the largest Prefecture in Norway reaching from North to South five hundred Miles and from West to East one hundred Droses Jernus a River of Conaught in the County of Clare which falls into the Bay of Shannon at Dinghanbeg Dinga East of Clare two Miles Le Drot Drotius a River in Aquitaine in France which ariseth at Montpasier ten Miles North-West of Cahors and running West falls into the Garrone over against Bazas nine Miles East of Bourdeaux Druidae Druides the Priests of the antient Gauls compared by Laertius with the Magi Gymnosophistae and Philosophers of Persia India and Greece for their pretensions to Learning and Piety and Authority over the people of whose Superstitions they were the Authors as of their affairs publick or private the Arbitrators The Eugabes of Ammianus Marcellinus the Saronides of Diâ—d Siculus and the Semnotheoi of others were several Orders of these Priests according as they applyed themselves either to the services of the Altar or to the Contemplation of the Works of Nature In the former they made Sacrifices of Men till the Emperors Angustus Tiberius and Claudius by repeated Interdicts at last broke them of that barbarity Their other they delivered to the publick in thousands of Verses unwritten only committed to Memory and passing the course of Ages by Tradition Their name of Druides some derive from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because of a particular esteem they had for an Oak Some from Deru in the Celtick Language of the same signification They had a Chief Priest over them in the nature of a Soveraign Pontiff And we read the Gauls were so possessed by them with the belief of the immortality of the soul that they would lend mony in this world upon condition to be paid in the next Valer. Max. The Town Dreux in Normandy is supposed to be so called from these Druides Drummore Drummoria a City in the County of Lowth in the Province of Vlster in Ireland upon the River Lagang with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Armagh Druses Druzes Drusi a people living in Grots and Caverns about the Mountain Libanus in Asia and onwards as far as to the Dead Sea following in Religion the Institutions of one Isman or Ismael a Prophet pretended which allow them to marry with their own Children or Sisters or Brothers and to live in perfect liberty from all such like precepts and ties as are in use amongst the Jews Christians and Mahometans They Traffick with the French Merchants for Silks and say they are descended from the French that went to the Conquest of the Holy Land with Godfrey of Bouillon being after the loss of Jerusalem in 1187. forced for safety to retire hither under the command of one of the House of Dreux Drut Dara a River of Carmania in Persia It falls into the Persian Gulph over against the City of Ormus having passed between Fafa and Chabon Duare a strong Fortress of Dalmatia upon a Hill not far from Almissa Taken from the Turks by the Venetians in 1646. and soon after lost again In 1652. retaken and demolished Whereupon the Turks to hinder the Incursions of the Morlaques out of Croatia rebuilt it yet in 1684. the Morlaques forced it and there is now a Venetian Garrison in it Dublin Dublinum in Irish Balacleigh the Capital City of the Kingdom of Ireland in the Province of Leinster in a County of the same Name upon the River Leffy which is the noblest River in all this Kingdom and maketh a Capacious Haven here at about twenty Leagues distance from Holyhead in Wales This City is called EBLANA by Ptolemy When or by whom it was first built is not known but old it must needs be by its being mentioned by him Saxo Grammaticus acquaints us how much it suffered by the Danes it was afterwards under Edgar King of England and Harald Harfager King of Norway In the year 1151. P. Eugenius III. made it an Archbishops See with the Title and Jurisdiction of a Primacy Henry II. having Conquered Ireland sent hither from Bristol a Colony whereby it began to Flourish more and more and became the Capital of the Kingdom the Seat of the Lieutenant the Courts of Justice and their Parliaments strengthened with a Castle on the East side built by Henry Loundres a Bishop in 1220. and near it there was a Royal Palace built by Henry II. King of England It has a College for Students which is an University of it self founded by Q. Elizabeth in in 1591. This was attempted before by Alexander Bicknor Archbishop of Dublin who in 1320. obtained from the Pope a Bull for it but the troublesome times that followed defeated that good design then at the North Gate is a Bridge of hewen Stone built by King John It has a Cathedral of great antiquity Dedicated to S. Patrick the Apostle of the Irish Nation and built at several times in which are a Dean two Archdeacons and twenty two Prebendaries there is another fair Collegiate Church in the City called Christs Church built in 1012. and about thirteen Parochial ones In more ancient times this City was Governed by a Provost but in 1409. Henry IV. granted them License to choose every year a Mayor and two Bailiffs changed into Sheriffs by Edward IV. thus far Cambden King Charles II. honored them with a Lord Mayor This City escaping the fury of the Massacre was besieged by the Parliament Forces and by the Duke of Ormond by the Kings Order delivered to the English rather than the Irish Rebels for they were now united against their King and when afterwards June 21. 1649. he indeavoured to recover it his Army was broken by a Sally and totally defeated and this City continued in their Hands till 1660. It has been extraordinarily enlarged in its Buildings in the twenty years last past The County of Dublin is bounded on the East by the Irish Sea on the West with the County of Kildare on the South by the little Territories of O Tooles and O. Brians on the North by the County of Meath and a small River called Nanny The Soil is fruitful as to every thing but Wood so that they use Sea-Coal and Turf for their Fewel It is well Inhabited Rich full of excellent Sea-Port Towns Ducey a Town of Normandy upon the River Ardee in the Diocese of Auranches Ducy a Town of Normandy betwixt Caen and S. Lo in the Diocese of Bayeux Duderstad Duderstadium a Town in the Dukedom of Brunswick upon the River Wipper eight Miles from Cassel to the North-East This Town though in the Duchy of Thuringia has belonged to the Elector of Mentz ever since 1365 and is the Capital of the Territory of Eichfeld Dudley a Market Town in
is full of Mines of Iron the Valleys are fruitful here also and on the Eastern side the Country is very fruitful of Grass Corn and Sea-Coal Though all the English Kings were liberal to this Church upon the account of S. Cuthbert yet Guthrun the Dane was the first that granted this Bishoprick o◠County to the Church of Durham which was afterward confirmed by Canutus another Danish Prince and by William the Conqueror ever since which time it has been accounted a County Palatine Dr. Nathaniel Crew the present Bishop of this Diocese being the LXX in number from S. Aidanus was translated from Oxford hither in the year 1674. Duringen See Thuringia Durlach or Dourlach Durlachum Budoris a City in the Marquisate of Baden in Schwaben in Germany scarce two Miles from the Rhine to the East and four from Baden This is the Capital of the Marquisate of Durlach and the lower part of the Marquisate of Baden which bounds it on the South the Rhine lies on the West the Dukedom of Wirtemberg on the East and the Palatinate of the Rhine on the North. It is subject to its Marquess of the House of Baden who has some other Territories and Honors in these Parts Durseley a Market Town in Gloucestershire in the Hundred of Wotton Dusseldorp Dusseldorpium the chief Town of the Dutchy of Bergh upon the Rhine five Miles beneath Cologne This Town was fortified against the Duke of Brandenburg by the Duke of Newburg in 1613. who has since had his Residence here Duvelandt the same with Beveland Duysburg See Duisburg Dwina Duna Dzwina a vast River in Muscovy or Russia which riseth in the Province of Megrina from two several Heads that unite at VVologda one of the principal Cities of Russia and running North-East passeth by the Lake of Soeclina beneath which it receiveth from the East the River Juga and a little lower the River VVuyma then turning North-East it falls into the VVhite Sea by three Mouths upon the most Eastern of which stands Arch-Angel the only frequented Port of Russia The heads of this River were called before their union Jagel and Sachana and after it Dwina § There is another River of the same Name which riseth out of a Lake of the same Name ten Leagues from the Lake of Fronowo and the Sources of the Nieper and falls into the Baltick Sea below Riga saith Olearius I suppose this is it which the latter Maps call Duna This River riseth in a Province of Russia called Novogard near the Lake VVolga and the Fountains of the River of that Name and turning Westward being augmented by some smaller Rivers it entereth Lithuania at VVitepks then passing Poloczko Drima Duneberg Kakenheusen and separating Livonia from Semigallia it falls into the Gulph or Bay of Livonia a part of the Baltick Sea on the South of Riga by Dunemund a Castle seated on the Mouth of it The Muscovites call it Dzwina saith Baudrand § The Province of Dwina is the greatest and most Northern of all Russia heretofore subject to the Duke of Novogard one hundred Russian Miles in length It had formerly but one City called by the same Name which stands in the middle of it but since the Passage to Arch-Angel has been discovered it is become one of the most considerable Provinces in Russia Arch-Angel being seated in this Province and the greatest Trade driven on the Dwina Dyfy See Dee a River in VVales Dynas-Mouthwye a Market Town in the County of Merioneth in VVales The Capital of its Hundred Dyrne See Tyrnaw EA EAdmont or Eamont a River in the County of Westmorland which joins with the Lowther by Whinfeld Forrest Earne or Lough-Earne Erno Erdinus a Lake in Vlster which passing into the Lake of Devenish a little more West they both together fall into the Virgivian or Western Ocean by the Bay of Walley between Dungal to the North and Slego to the South Easingwold a Market Town in the North-Riding of Yorkshire in the Hundred of Bulmer East-Born a Market Town in the County of Sussex in Bevensey Rape East-Breane Brenia a Tract in the County of Cavan in the Province of Vlster in Ireland near the Lough-Earne Easton-ness a Promontory on the Coast of Suffolk which makes the Northern Point of Southwold Bay the most Eastern Cape of the whole Kingdom of England Eaton Aetonia Etona a Town in Buckinghamshire in the Hundred of Stock upon the River Thames over against Windsor made famous by a College of the Foundation of King Henry VI. in which there is a Grammar-School of great esteem for the education of the English youth Eaune Heldona Elna a River of France commonly called Liane It ariseth in the Confines of Artois and running through the County of Bologne falls into the British Sea at Bologne Eause Elusa or Elusaberis a ruined City of France commonly called Euse and Eusan in a Territory of the same Name upon the River Gelize often mentioned by Sulpitius Severus Ammianus and Sidonius It was once an Archbishops See and the Metropolis of Novempopulonia but now an obscure Village in Armagnac in Gascogny five Miles from Condom West Civtat is built of late towards the Rumes of it The Archbishops See was translated to Aux hence Ebersdorp Eberstorfium a Town in the Lower Austria in Germany It stands upon the Danube two Miles below Vienna adorned with a Castle to which the Emperors delight to retire Eberstein a County the Circle of Schwaben in Germany taking its Name from the Castle Eberstein towards the Dukedom of Wirtemberg They both belong to the Marquess of Baden Eberwyck York Eblaba Alabanda an Inland City of Caria now Aidinelli in the Lesser Asia on the South of the River Madre Long. 52. 28. Lat. 38. 46. It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Staurople or Sancta Croce Ebro Iberus one of the greatest Rivers of Spain called by the FrenchEbre It ariseth from the Mountains of the Asturia's in old Castile near the Village and Castle of Mantillas from two Springs and watering the North part of Old Castile the Towns of Frias Miranda Logrono and Tudela where it takes in the River Arga from the South and from thence becomes capable to carry a Boat it soon after enters into and divides the Kingdom of Arragon then takes in Biel from the North and Xalon from the South a little below Alagon then saluting Saragoza it admits Rio de la Guerva from the South and Gallego from the North Aguas Marcia and Guadalupe come in from the South as it passes Burgo and Fuentes and at Mequinenca Segre of old Sicoris with a number of smaller Rivers in its retinue Algas on the South and a knot of small Rivolets on the North also come in to pay their Tributes so watering the Southern part of Catalonia a little beneath Tortosa he falls into the Mediterranean Sea between three small Islands made by his own Sands This River gave the Name anciently of Iberia to all Spain Festus Avienus mentions
Sarepta and three from Tyre The modern Name of this is Valonia Eleutheropolis an ancient City of the Tribe of Juda in Palestine eight Miles from Hebron to the West and twenty from Jerusalem by the Way of Gaza S. Jerom takes the Distances of divers Places from this as from one of particular Note Elgin a small City in the County of Murray in Scotland upon the River Lossie three Miles from the Coasts of the German Ocean It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of S. Andrews Elham or Eltham a Market-Town in Kent in Shepway Lath Honoured heretofore with a Palace Royal now well inhabited being pleasantly seated amongst Woods on the Side of a Hill Elis A Country of the ancient Peloponnesus betwixt Achaia Messene and Arcadia so particularly consecrated in those times to Jupiter whose Temple and Statue here were numbered amongst the Wonders of the World that it was looked upon as Sacrilege to attack it Only the Lacedemonians Arcadians and Romans were not so scrupulous to observe the Conceit Before this Country submitted to the Romans or was governed by a Magistracy of its own it had the Honour to be a Kingdom The Rivers Alpheus and Acheron the Mountain Peneus the Olympick Games in Honour of Jupiter and Juno the Cities Elis Pisa or Olympia Cyllene c. contributed to spread its Fame in ancient History It s modern Name is Belvedore See Belvedore Ell or Elle Elcebus a Town of Germany in the lower Alsatia upon the River Ill three Leagues from Schlestad and something more than one from Strasbourgh Ellesmere a Market-Town in the County of Salop in the Hundred of Pimhill near the Borders of VVales The Earl of Bridgwater is Baron of this Place Elna Helena a small City in Catalonia in the County of Roussillon heretofore a Bishop's See upon a small River two Miles South of Perpignan and the same from the Mediterranean The Bishoprick was removed to Perpignan in 1604. by Clement VIII The Town was taken by the French from the Spaniard in 1640. Very small called anciently Illiberis in which was Hellen Castle where those of Magnentius his Party slew Constans the Eldest Son of Constantine The River that falls by it is Tech. Elsass See Alsatia Elsenore Elsenora by the Danes Helsignor is a Town in the Island of Zeeland five German Miles from Copenhagen to the West It has a large and a safe Haven near the Mouth of the Sound and a Castle to command the Streights of the Sound Elsingbourgh Elsingborch a Town on the opposite Shoar over against Cronenburgh in Scania which heretofore was under the Crown of Denmark but by the Treaty of Roschild in 1658. resigned to the King of Sweden It stands three German Miles from Landskroon to the West Christopher of Bavaria King of Denmark died here in 1448. The Danes took it in 1676. but they return'd it to the Swedes again the year after Eltor Eilan or Heilan Aelana Aila Sur Taurus a City of Arabia Petraea upon the Red-Sea North of Madian and over against Dacata in Aegypt It has a Castle on a Rock by it which always keeps a Turkish Garrison against the Arabians Elvas Helva a City of Portugal in the Province of Alentejo called Yelves by them of Castile it stands upon the River Guadiana fourteen Miles from Merida to the West and twenty nine from Sevil to the North. This is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Evora well fortified and has belonging to it a strong Castle The Spaniards in 1659. besieged it to their great loss being here routed by the Portuguese Paul IV. in 1555. raised it to the Honor of a Bishoprick The Cathedral Church was built by the Moors for a Mosque Elvino a Fountain near Aquino a City of the Terra di Lavoro in the Kindom of Naples Elvira Eliberis an ancient City of the Kingdom of Granada in Spain ruined and its Episcopal See transferred to Granada the Nova Illiberis which has risen by its fall This City is famous in Ecclesiastical History for a Council assembled at it about the year 305. Two of the Canons thereof being much insisted on in Disputes the one forbidding Images the other the Marriage of the Clergy Elwang Elwanga Elephaniacum a small City in the Circle of Schwaben in Germany upon the River Jagst in the Confines of Franconia near the Territory of Onold five German Miles from Rotenburgh upon the Tubar to the South and nine from Vlm to to the North. The Capital of a Noble Government the Governor being one of the Princes of the Empire and it has a Castle near the City in which he resides This Territory is called by the Germans Stife Elwang Elway a small River which riseth in Denbighshire in VVales and falleth into the Cluyd a little beneath S. Asaph Ely Helia a City and Bishoprck in Cambridgeshire in an Island of the Name surrounded on all sides by Fens and Marshes yet here was anciently one of the richest Monasteries of England The See was taken out of that of Lincoln and constituted by Henry I. in 1109. Hervey Bishop of Bangor being the first Bishop of it The Monastery out of which the Bishoprick sprung was Founded by Etheldreda Wife to Egfred King of Northumberland and was at first a Nunnery The Danes having ruined this Foundation Ethelwold Bishop of VVinchester refounded it and stock'd it with Monks The Cathedral was a Work of Time built by Parts great and beautiful though the Town of Ely is not great nor the Air healthful The Bishop of this See had heretofore Palatine Rights which were taken off by 27. H. 8. c. 25. But yet the Revenue is great and the Bishops of it have been in great Esteem and much employed The present is the forty third Bishop of this Diocese Elymi an ancient People that dwelt about the Mountains and high Grounds of the Island of Sicily remembred in History upon the Account of their being the Allies of the Carthaginians Elysii Campi Elysium the Poets Paradise a large and delicious Plain of Baeotia in Greece covered with Flowers and every way agreeable to the Pleasures of the Senses Elysii Helisii Lysii the ancient People of the Province of Silesia in Bohemia mentioned by Tacitus Embden Amasia Emda a German City in the Circle of VVestphalia anciently called Amasia or Amisia as Cluverius saith from the River Ems Amasius upon which it standeth with a large deep Port defended by a Castle It is the Capital of East-Friesland which is from this City often called the Principality of Embden not great but strong and well fortified The Trade or People here are neither of them considerable the Hollanders having sometime since possessed themselves of it It stands fifteen Miles from Bremen to the South-West and seven from Groningen to the North. Emboli Empoli Amphipolis Christopolis an Archiepiscopal City in Macedonia under the Patriarch of Constantinople upon the Confines of Macedonia and Thrace Seated upon the Bay and River of Strimon which did almost surround
Ipres being the other three This Government or College was erected in 1223. to curb the Insolence and diminish the Power of the City of Bruges being over-troublesome to the Earls of Flanders France Francia Gallia is at this day one of the moâ—â— potent Kingdoms in Europe and the difficultest to limit and bound it daily like the Ocean gaining something from its Neighbours whose divided strengths are not equal to her united Forces but yet I shall give you a general description of its bounds as it stood about forty years since and then in part shew what has been since added On the East it was then bounded by the Alpes which divide the Dauphiné from Piedmont as also with Savoy Switzerland Germany and a part of the Netherlands on the North with the Netherlands and the British Seas on the West with the Aquitain Ocean on the South with Spain from which it is divided by the Pyrenean Hills and with the Mediterranean Then accounted in length six hundred and sixty Italian Miles in breadth five hundred and seventy the whole circumference being two thousand and forty In the times of Julius Caesar it was bounded on the East by the Alpes and the Rhine extending to the Mouth of that River from the Pyrenean Hills so that it took in the far greatest part of what we now call the Netherlands with all those of the German Empire which lie West of the Rhine Switzerland and Savoy And the great design of the present French King seems to have been the dilating of it again to the same extent to which purpose he has spared neither Blood nor Treasure Arts nor Labour and perhaps if he had not been over-reached by the Jesuits upon the design of uniting all his Subjects in one Religion by force he might have succeeded when he was so near his point for whereas Picardy was heretofore his Northern Province he has taken in Artois the greatest part of Flanders of Hanault and Namur Of the four Ports that did belong to Flanders he has two Graveling and Dunkirk so that his Dominions extend on the Sea Shoar from Dunkirk to S. Jean de Luz in Spain without any interruption On the Eastern side he has possessed himself of the Dukedom of Lorrain the Earldom of Burgundy so much of Alsatia as lies on this side of the Rhine and what his intentions towards the Switzers are may be guessed at nor has Savoy passed especially since the late rupture without contributing his share to aggrandize him On the South he has gained from Spain Roussillon Catalonia hardly missed him all the World may remember how narrowly the United Provinces escaped him in 1673. and 1674. He has not only been a gainer in his Wars but even in times of Peace by his Courts of Dependences Forts and other Methods So that considering the Weakness and Divisions of his Neighbours and the great Accessions he has already made if so many thousands of his Subjects had not been driven out or rendred useless to him who can tell what this great Prince might not have effected before his death This vast Country or Kingdom has for its principal Rivers the Loyre the Rhosne the Garonne and the Seine Called by the Inhabitants and English France by the Spaniards Francia by the Italians Franza Franzam by the Portuguese Franckriâ—ch by the Germans by the Dutch Urancryck by the Poles Francya and Francukazemia by the Illyrians Fracgnack by the Turks Franza and by the Indians Frankistan All which Names are derived from its present Conquerors and Inhabitants the Franks or French It is divided into sixty Counties and these Provinces the Isle of France Burgundy Normandy Aquitain Bretagne Champagne Languedock Picardy Dauphine Lyonnois and Orleans To which may be added four more that are a kind of Conquest Loraine the Earldom of Burgundy or Franche Compte the Conquest of the Netherlands and Alsatia This King having added by his Arms the Comte de Bourgogne both the Alsatia's the greatest part of Flanders and Haynault and Namur part of Luxemburg and all Artois which last is now annexed to Picardy The Capital of this Kingdom is Paris Besides these he has New France in America the greatest part of Hispaniola several Plantations and Colonies in Africa upon the Coast of Guinea and some Islands in the North Sea Thus Baudrand reckons up his Masters Dominions This Tract of Land was heretofore inhabited by the Gaulâ— of which I shall give an account in its proper place See Gallia The Franks were Originally a German Nation inhabiting Franconia which is still called East France to distinguish it from this Country This Nation joining with many other upon the declining of the Roman Empire under Pharamond about 413. obtained that part of Belgium which contained Zutphen Vtrecht Over-Yssel both the Friselands and so much of Holland as lies on the same side of the Rhine but whether ever Pharamond crossed the Rhine is uncertain However in 420. he became their first King and formed this Potent Monarchy Clodius his Son in 433. crossed the Rhine and took Cambray Tournay and all Belgium to the River Some but he dying whilst his Children were young commended them to Meroveus who dispossessed them to make himself King of the Franks in 441. or thereabouts Meroveus was the Author of the Merovingian Line and is by some made the first that seated in Gaul His Son went further and took all the Netherlands Pioardy Champagne and the Isle of France with Paris which he made the Seat of this Empire This Race under nineteen Princes continued to 742. when Pepin Son of Charles Martel usurped upon Chilprick V. Son of Theodorick and deposed him The second or Carolovinian Line under thirteen Princes lasted till 977. when Hugh Capet put an end to it and set up the Third Charles IV. the fourteenth of this Race dying in 1328. without Issue Edward III. of England claimed that Crown at Son and Heir of Isabel the Daughter of King Philip the Fair and Sister to the three last Kings Against him Philip de Valois set up a Title by colour of the Salick Law which had excluded all Females The whole Reign of this Prince and John his Son was double-died in Blood by the English Valour Charles V. by means of the English Divisions at last expell'd them Yet under Charles VI. the English returned with more Vigour and Rage and were under Henry V. in a fair way of reducing France And he dying young Henry VI. his Son was crowned at Paris in 1422. But the Minority at first and Weakness afterwards of this Prince gave Charles VII of France an opportunity totally to expel the English the second time about 1449. The House of Valois ended in Henry III. slain before Paris in 1589. to whom succeeded Henry IV. the first of the House of Bourbone and Grandfather of Lewis XIV now King of France who succeeded Lewis XIII his Father in 1642. This is the shortest account I can give of the Bounds and
small Island near Malta to the West at the distance of four Miles only mentioned by Strabo and Pliny Now belonging to the Knights of Maltha who have fortified it with a Castle § Also an Island in the Sea of Crete near Cape Crio called Claudia in the Acts of the Apostles C. 27. 16. and otherwise by the Ancients Claudus and Claudos La Grace or La Grasse a City of Provence in France which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Embrun in the stead of Antipolis now Antibe it is seated upon an Hill and is a fine well built City with divers Churches and Religious Houses in it three Leagues from Antibe to the West seven from Nice to the same quarter about twenty four from Embrun to the South and the same from Sisteron to the South West Hadr. Vales in his Notitia Galliae saith this City in 1285 belonged to the Bishoprick of Arles and Antibe was then the Bishops See but in 1322. this is named as a Suffragan Bishops See under the Archbishop of Embrun in the Itinerary of Gregory XI And that the See was removed hither upon the account of the daily Incursions of Pyrats and Robbers and upon the slaughter of one of the Bishops of Antibe For saith he Antibe is a Sea-Port but La Grace is a strong Castle and more remote from the Sea Which reason sheweth the weakness of the French Nation at Sea in those times Gracias a Dios a Town and Cape of the Province of Honduras in New Spain in the Northern America possessed by the Salvages with the whole Country thereabouts to the extent of fifty Leagues living in a Republican way without any Soveraign King or Prince over them and when they go to War making choice of one out of themselves to command for that present Juncture The Spaniards honour them with the Title of los Indios Bravos for their Gallantry having been never conquered yet Gradiska Gradiscia a principal Town of the Province of Sclavonia in the Lower Hungary upon the Save betwixt Possega and Zagrabia towards the Borders of Croatia See Sclavonia Some will have it to be the true Servitium of the Ancients § A Fortress likewise in Friuli in the County of Goritia upon the River Sisonzo which belongs to the House of Austria Grado Gradus a City and Island belonging to Friuli on the Shoars of the Adriatick Sea or Gulph of Venice built by the Inhabitants of Aquileja eight Miles from Venice to the East and twelve from Aquileja to the South under the Venetians The Patriarchs of Aquileja long since removed from thence and settled here as they went afterwards from hence to Venice about two hundred years since Elias one of these Patriarchs in 602. celebrated a Council in this place Grafignana Caferoniana a County within the Apennine the greatest part of which is under the Duke of Modena the rest belongs to the Republick of Lucca Graftschaft Mansfeld Mansfeldiensis Comitatus the County of Mansfield The word Graftschaft in the German Town signifying a County Grafton a Road-Town in Northamptonshire in the Hundred of Cleley adorned with a Park and an ancient Seat of the Family de Wideville Earls of Rivers The Marriage of King Edward IV. with the Lady Grey which was the first Marriage of any King of England with a Subject from the Conquest received its consummation here From the year 1490. to Henry VIII this Seat bequeathed by Richard the last of the Male Line of the Rivers to Thomas Grey Marquess of Dorset continued in the Name of the Greys and then in an exchange for Lands in Leicestershire became united to the Crown It is well known for giving the Title of Duke to the late Henry Fitz Roy created by King Charles II. his Father Baron of Sudbury Viscount Ipswich and Earl of Euston in 1672. and Duke of Grafton five years after who dyed of the Wounds he received at the Siege of Cork Grambusia Crambusia a small Island on the Coast of Cilicia Grampond a Market and Borough-Town in the County of Cornwall in the Hundred of Powder which returns two Members of Parliament Gran Strigonium a City of the Lower Hungary seated on the South-West side of the River Danube where the River Gran falls into the Danube It s Castle is a very fine Pile built upon the Banks of the Danube upon a Rock which is very steep The City is of a Triangular form It has two great Towers one toward Thomasberg and the other towards the Danube over against Barkan between these Towers there is a Wall which has small Flanks and Redoubts and a Dike flanked with hewen Stone at the foot of the Dike there runs a Terrasse which has strong Pallisadoes and four great Points instead of Ravelins the other side towards the Danube has nothing but Walls and Pallisadoes it is very steep on that side and secured by the River The Castle stands very high but there are two Mountains from which it may be battered This City is divided into two parts the High and the Low Town the last commanding the Danube they are both very strong and have good Walls S. Thomas's Hill is also well fortified because being very near the Town it would otherwise have commanded it There are in it excellent temperate Baths This City was heretofore the Capital of Hungary and has many magnificent Buildings in it as S. Stephens Church the Archbishops Palace c. The Country about it affords excellent Wines there is plenty of hot Springs so that the pleasantness of its situation and the fertility of the Soil easily induced the ancient Kings of Hungary to settle here The importance of this Place has brought upon it many bloody Sieges John King of Hungary besieged it without any success about 1529. Solyman the Magnificent took it in 1544. The Count of Mansfield retook it for the Arch-Duke Matthias in 1595. It was lost again by the Cowardize of the Garrison in 1605. the Governour being accidentally killed Just over against it stands Barkan to which there is a Bridge of Boats over the Danube which together with Barkan was burnt by the Christians in 1664. In 1683. there was under the Walls of this City a sharp Engagement between the Turks and Germans the latter prevailing and taking the City of Gran also October 23 after they had beat the Turks from Vienna July 30. 1685. the Turks again besieged this City but were forced to retire Aug. 16. with the loss of all their Cannon and Baggage It stands six German Miles from Alba Regalis to the East the same from Buda to the North and Comora to the South in a most fruitful and pleasant Plain Called by the Inhabitants Stegran by the Germans Gran by the Italians Strigonia S. Stephen King of Hungary was born here This City is also an Archbishops See the Archbishop is perpetual Chancellor of the Kingdom of Hungary and ought by his place to have the Honour of Crowning the King after he is
the French in 1673. but now return'd under its former Master Ham a City in Picardy in France in Vermandois upon the River Some four Leagues from S. Quintin to the South-West and sixteen from Amiens to the East Haman Hama Emisa Apamea a City of Syria called vulgarly Hems. It is an Archbishops See under the Patriarch of Antioch upon the River Orontes now called Farfar between Arethusa to the North and Laodicea to the South about forty three Miles from Damascus to the North eighty from Antioch and thirty from Aleppo Our later Maps make Haman and Hemz two several places Apamea and Emisa are by Baudrand made several Cities Vid. Hemz Hamay or Haimage a Town and Monastery in Flanders Hamburgh Gambrivii Hamburgum Treva is one of the most celebrated Cities and Sea-Ports of Germany seated in the Lower Saxony in the Dukedom of Holstein upon the River Elbe yet an Imperial Free City not subject to any Prince and one of the Principal Hanse-Towns in Germany Heretofore it was dignified with an Archbishops See but the Chair was removed to Bremen in 830. by Ansgarius the Bishop with the Consent of Lewis the Emperour This City is placed in the Territory of Stormaren eighteen German Miles from the German Ocean which yet Tides up to it fifteen from Bremen to the North ten from Lubeck to the South and seven from Stade to the East Very strongly fortified rich populous and in a growing condition It has its Name from one Hâ—mmion a great Man its Benefactor Charles the Great erected it against the Danes in 809 Heridagus was the first Ansgarius the second and last Archbishop of it Subject to Albion Prince of the North Elbingers in the beginning afterwards to Herman Billengen Son of Otto the First Duke of the Lower Saxony and to his Son Bennâ—s after him in whom this Line ended Adolphus Count of Schawenburg in 1137. governed this City and Holstein for Lotharius Duke of Saxony Adolphus III. granted it many and great Privileges for Money â—â— which were confirmed by Frederick Barbarossa the Emperour In his absence in the East Henry the Lion ruin'd it but Adolphus upon his return recovered and rebuilt it he did not long survive being slain in Battel in 1203. by Waldemarus Duke of Sleswick Brother of Canutus King of Denmark Canutus gave this City to Albertus Duke of Orlamand who sold his Right which Sale was confirmed by Adolphus the third Duke of Holstein and ever since the City has been a Free State though the Dukes of Holstein still pretend a Right and Title to it Frederick II. in 1579. had a Controversie with it which was ended by the payment of Money It embraced the Lutheran Confession at the first Publication of it yet it tolerates the Caâ—oinists and gave shelter to the English in the Reign of Queen Mary who in 1554. fled hither In 1686. the present King of Denmark suddenly sat down before it with an Army of thirty thousand Men but the Winter coming on and the Neighbour Princes espousing their Cause and sending them Forces into the City he was forced to retire those within on whom he relied being discovered and afterwards Tryed and Executed They think themselves obliged hereby to be very jealous of all the motions of that King to whom they declare their firm Resolutions to maintain to the uttermost all their Privileges and Immunities whatsoever There is hardly in the World a finer City nor a larger and safer Port than this it is said to have done Homage to Christian III. as Duke of Holstein in 1604. Hamel a Town near Corbie upon a River that falls into the Some in Picardy Hamelen Hamala Hamelia a City of Germany in the Lower Saxony in the Dukedom of Brunswick between Hildesheim to the East and Paderborne to the West upon the Visurgis Weser which parts this Dukedom from Westphalia and beneath Bremen falls into the German Ocean It stands twenty Miles from Bremen to the South-East fourteen from Brunswick to the South-West twenty six from Hamburgh to the South and twenty three from Fuld to the North. This City belongs to the Bishop of Hildesheim and the Earl of Lippe was heretofore under the Abbot of Fuld before Albert Duke of Brunswick received it into his Protection which in time turned from a Protectory to a Sovereign Jurisdiction as is usual It is now under the Duke of Brunswick Hannouer Near this Place the Austrians received a fatal Overthrow from the Suedes and Lunenburgers at the Castle of Ottendorp in 1633. Hamiltown a Castle in the County of Cluydsdale in Scotland upon the Cluyd or Glotta above Bothwel ten English Miles from Glascow to the South and thirty five from Edenburgh to the West which gives the Title of a Duke to one of the best Families in Scotland in whose Possession it is Hammeren Hammaria a City of Norway which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Drontheim in the Province of Aggerhuis in the Confines of Dalecarlia a Province of Sweden very small It stands thirty Swedish Miles from Bergen to the East and twenty from Anslo Ansloga to the North. This Bishoprick is united to that of Anslo Hampton-Court a Noble Country House belonging to the King of England in Middlesex ten Miles from London on the Thames built by Cardinal Woolsey in the Reign of Henry VIII who also built White-Hall the common Residence of our Kings ever since Hamsa See Haman Hanaw Hanovia a strong Town in Franconia in Germany upon the River Kinâ—z which a little lower falls into the Mayne between Franckfort to the West and Aschaffenburg to the East three Miles from either and ten from Marpurg to the South This City has suffered very much in the late Swedish and German Wars Hani Ecbatana a great City in the Kingdom of Persia the Capital of the Medes and a Regal City mentioned by Pliny Strabo and Ptolemy Said to be built by Arphaxad now supposed to be Tauris See Tauris Hannonia See Hainault Hannover Hannower Hannovera Hanouer a German City in the Dukedom of Brunswick in the Territory of Calemberg upon the River Leina Leine which falls into the Weser beneath Ferden four Miles above Bremen from which last Hannover stands sixteen Miles to the South-West five from Hildesheim to the North-West and six from Brunswick to the West Once an Imperial and Free City but afterwards exempted It s Prince who is of the House of Brunswick possesseth one half of the Dukedom of Brunswick with the Territory of Calemberg and Grubenhagen and has under him Hannover Hamelen Gottingen Newstad and Limbeck This City is very well fortified The present Duke John Frederick is a Roman Catholick younger Brother to the Duke of Zell But the City of Hannover was one of those which entered the Smalcaldick League as appeareth in Sleidan And therefore I suppose the People are generally of the Reformed Religion Hantshire Hantonia a County in the West of England bounded on the South by the British Sea and the Isle
that Tract of Land that was possessed heretofore by the Jazyges Metanastae a Sarmatian People and part of Pannonia Superior and Inferior Wonderfully fruitful yielding Corn and Grass in abundance the latter exceeding when at its greatest length the height of a Man it abounds so in Cattle that it is thought alone to be able to serve all Europe with Flesh and they certainly send yearly into Germany eighty thousand Oxen. They have Deer Partridges and Pheasants in such abundance that any body that will may kill them They have Mines of Gold Silver Tin Lead Iron and Copper store of River or Fresh-water Fish and Wines equal in goodness to those of Candia The People are Hardy Covetous Warlike but Slothful and Lazy not much unlike the Irish Their best Scholar was St. Jerome Their best Soldiers Johannes Huniades and Matthias Corvinus The principal Rivers are the Danube which divides this Kingdom from end to end the Savus the Dravus and the Tibiscus they have one famous Lake called the Balaton which is forty Italian Miles in length The principal Cities are Buda or Offen Presburgh Alba-Regalis and Caschaw The Hungarians are a Tribe of the Scythians or Tartars which in the times of Arnulphus Emperour of Germany possessed themselves of Transylvania and the Vpper Hungary under Lewis IV. Successor to Arnulphus they passed the Danube wasted all Germany Italy Greece Sclavonia and Dacia till broken by the Forces of Germany and sweetned by the Christian Religion first taught them under King Stephen about 1016. by Albert Archbishop of Prague they became more quiet and better civilized This Stephen began his Reign in 1000. This Race of Kings continued to 1302. in twenty three Descents when Charles Martel Son of Charles King of Naples and Mary Daughter to Stephen IV. King of Hungary partly by Election partly by Inheritance and Conquest succeeded to this Crown to him succeeded Lewis his Nephew in 1343. Charles II. another of his Descendents in 1383. Sigismund Emperour King of Bohemia in the Right of Mary his Wife Eldest Daughter of Lewis in 1387. Albert of Austria in the Right of Elizabeth his Wife Daughter of Sigismond in 1438. Vladislaus Son of Albert and Elizabeth in 1444. Matthias Corvinus Son of Johannes Huniades by Election in 1458. Vladislaus II. Son of Cassimir IV. King of Poland and of Elizabeth Daughter of Albert in 1491. Lewis II. slain in the Battel of Mohatz succeeded in 1517. and was slain in 1527. John Sepusio Vaiwode of Transylvania chosen upon his Death succeeded that year but was outed by Ferdinand restored by Solyman the Turk and at last died in 1540. The Hungarians Crowned Stephen his Son an Infant in the Cradle but Solyman seized the best part of his Kingdom under pretence of defending it against Ferdinand of Austria and Ferdinand the rest so that ever since this wretched Kingdom has been a Stage of War between the Austrian and the Ottoman Families The former at this time having recovered from the latter all the Lower Hungary and all Tameswaer in the Vpper The Reader may be pleased to know that all that part of Hungary which lies on the West and North of the Danube is called the Lower Hungary what lies on the East and South the Vpper This Kingdom is divided into fifty five Counties three and twenty of which in the beginning of this last War were in the Hands of the Turks and the rest in the Emperor's It has also two Archbishops Sees Gran Strigonium and Colocza thirteen Bishopricks six under the first and seven under the latter Hungerford a Market Town in Berkshire in the hundred of Kentbury upon the River Kennet Hunni the ancient Inhabitants of the Marshes of the Maeotis who for the sake of a better Country to live in invaded Pannonia in great numbers and thence under Attila their King who stiled himself the Scourge of God marched victoriously into Germany Italy and France till Aetius General of the Romans and Meroveus King of France slew 200000 of them in one Battel in 450. Then they retired into Pannonia again and maintain'd themselves in divers Wars At length the Hungarians a Scythian race appeared about the end of the Reign of Charles the Gross and expelled them Huntingdonshire is bounded on the North by the River Avon or Afon which parts it from Lincolnshire on the West by Northamptonshire on the South by Bedfordshire and on the East by Cambridgeshire The North-East parts of it are Fenny but yield plenty of Grass for feeding of Cattle The rest is very pleasant fruitful of Corn rising into Hills and shady Groves The whole indeed was one Forest till Henry II. in the beginning of his Reign disforested it The Town of Huntingdon which gives Name to the County is seated upon the North side of the River Ouse somewhat high and stretcheth out it self in length to the Northward it has four Churches in it a fair Bridge of Stone over the River and near it is the Mount or Plot of an ancient Castle now ruined built by Edward the Elder in the Year 917. Which King David of Scotland who had this County with the Title of an Earl from King Stephen of England for an Augmentation of his Estate in the Year 1135. enlarged with new Buildings and Bulwarks but Henry II. finding great Inconveniences from it razed it to the Ground This was a very considerable Town in the times of Edward the Confessor and perhaps greater than now The first Earl of Huntingdon was Waltheof Created in 1068. two years after the Conquest he being beheaded Simon de Lyze who Married Maud the Daughter of Waltheof was made Earl in 1075. David Prince of Scotland her second Husband was the next Earl in 1108. It continued in this Family of Scotland till 1219. but it is now in the Family of the Hastings George Lord Hastings and Hungerford being by Henry VIII Created Earl of Huntingdon in the Year 1529. Theophilus Hastings the present Earl succeeded his Father in the Year 1655. and is the seventh Earl of this Noble Family Huquang a very large Province in the middle of the Kingdom of China counted the seventh in number but in extent one of the greatest its greatest length is from North to South being bounded on the North by Honan on the East by Nankim and Kiamsi on the South by Quamtum and on the West by Queycheu and Suchen It contains fifteen Cities an hundred and eighteen great Towns five hundred thirty one thousand six hundred eighty six Families The greatest City is Vuchang The great River of Kiam crosseth it and divides it and in the middle of this Province it receiveth two other great Rivers one from the North and the other from the South whose Names I cannot assign And these three Rivers form at their meeting a very considerable Lake between the Cities of Kincheu and Yocheu The Chinese call it also Jumichiti and the Granary of China for its abundance As to which they have a Proverb that the
given of it by Monsieur Thevenot who saw it himself Famous moreover to all posterity for the Children of Israel's passing it on dry ground at their entrance into Canaan and the Prophet Elijah's doing the same in company with Elisha Our Saviour received Baptism here from the hands of S. John near to which particular place the Christians built a Monastery that is now in ruins The Pilgrims delight to bathe in this River fancying the Water sanative from the virtue of that Sacred Contact It overflows in Summer with the melted Snow from Mount Libanus But in the Winter runs a low Water and after its Current into the Dead Sea it is clear without mixture for above a League together issuing thence by a subterraneous Channel into the Mediterranean Ioyeuse Gaudiosa a Town in France in the Province of Vivarais towards the Borders of Languedoc honoured by being first a Viscounty next a Dutchy and giving Name to a Noble Family Ipepa Hypaepa a City of Lydia in the Lesser Asia between Mount Tmolus and the River Caystro not far from Thyatira It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Ephesâ—s Ipre See Yperen Iprichia the same with Africa Ips Ipsium and Ibissa a Town in Austria Ipsala Cypsella a City in Thrace by the River Mela at first a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Trajanopoli or Zernis afterwards it became the Metropolis It lies between this City to the West twenty nine Miles and Drusilaba to the North-East twenty six Miles the River in our latter Maps is called Larissa and falls into the Archipelago over against the Isle of Lembro just behind that Peninsula which makes the Dardanels straight Ipswich Gippo-vicus the County Town of Suffolk heretofore called Gippwich seated on the North side of the River Stour upon the foot of a steep Hill in somewhat a low Ground it has a commodious Haven and was heretofore a place of great Trade with many wealthy Merchants in it and a vast number of other people but now decayed as to both It was also formerly fortified with Trenches and Rampires the loss of which is not to be lamented the Town being so seated that it can never be made a place of Defence the Hills on all sides but the South and South-East commanding it It has fourteen Parish Churches and a great many goodly Houses the tokens of its former Wealth In 991. the Danes sacked it and nine years after repeated their Cruelty upon it In the Reign of S. Edward it had eight hundred Burgesses who paid Custom to the King There was also a Castle built here by the Normans which Hugh Bigod Earl of Norfolk defended against the Usurper King Stephen but was forced to surrender at last the ruins are now lost Mr. Cambden supposeth it to have been demolished by Henry II. when he did the same by Waleton Castle not far off Here landed the three thousand Flemings which the Nobility called in against Henry II. when his Son rebelled against him In the late Rebellion this Town stood clear of all those Calamities which involved the rest of the Nation The Bishop of Norwich hath a House here and the Viscount of Hereford another befitting his degree and quality The Honourable Henry Fitz-Roy Duke of Grafton was created Viscount Ipswich Aug. 16. 1672. who died of the Wounds that he received in the Service of King William before Cork Octob. 9. 1690. This Town is also a Corporation and sends two Burgesses to the Parliament It has a Free-School with the convenience of a good Library and a Hospital Cardinal Wolsey was born here and began the building of a stately College which bears his Name to this day Ireland Hibernia Ivernia is a great fruitful and noble Island on the West of Great Britain accounted in ancient time for greatness and glory the third Island of the World and called then the Lesser Britain Orpheus Aristotle and Claudian call it Ierna Juvenal Mela Juverna Diodorus Siculus Iris. Others Jovernia Overnia and Burnia The Natives Erin The Welsh Yuerdon The English Ireland It is three hundred Miles long and two hundred broad on the East it has the tempestuous Irish Sea between it and Great Britain on the West the Vergivian Ocean on the North the Deucalidonian Sea and on the South the British Ocean Divided into four Provinces Leinster Mounster Vlster and Connaught which heretofore sustained the Title of as many Kingdoms comprehending in all thirty Counties four Archbishopricks and twelve Bishopricks The Country is full of Woods Hills and Bogs The Soil rich and fruitful especially as to Grass Pomponius Mela in the times of the Emperour Claudius gives the very same character of it and therefore it has ever abounded in Cattle which is its most Staple Commodity The principal Rivers are the Shannon the Sewer the Barow the Black-Water the Shour the Neure the Boyne the Leffy c. The Capital City heretofore Armagh now Dublin The Air is at all times temperate but too moist to be at all times pleasant or wholsome The Romans in all probability never had any footing in this Island This Nation was converted to Christianity in the fifth Century by Palladius and S. Patrick especially the latter who planted not only Religion but so much Learning too amongst them that in the next Age the Monks of Ireland were eminent for Holiness and Learning and Ireland thence called Insula Sanctorum an Island of Saints In 694. Egfrid King of Northumberland first entered and destroyed this Nation with Fire and Sword after this the Danes for thirty years together wasted and destroyed them After these the Germans After them Edgar the most powerful King of England conquered a great part of Ireland And when by Massacres and other Accidents the Irish were freed from all these Calamities there ensued Domestick Broils among themselves In 1155. Henry II. being called in by the Natives resolved on the Conquest of them whereupon Richard Strongbow Earl of Pembroke began it in 1172. Henry II. in Person entered Ireland and taking upon him the Stile of Sovereign Lord of Ireland the States and all the petty Kings submitted to him and passed over all their Rule and Power which was confirmed by Pope Hadrian The Kings of England continued the Title of Lords of Ireland till the Reign of Henry VIII who took first upon him the Stile and Title of King of Ireland in 1541. which was confirmed to Mary his Daughter by Pope Paul IV. in 1555. The Irish have ever looked upon this Conquest as a Wrong and an Usurpation which no Act of theirs nor Time it self could make valid Hence when ever England has been imbroiled they have taken the opportunity of Revolting In the Reign of Edward I. when that Prince was engaged against the Scots one Donald O-Neal stiled himself King of Ulster and in Right of Inheritance the undoubted Heir of all Ireland But when in the Reign of Henry VIII the pretence of Religion was added first the Earl of Kildare rebelled
in 1537. and was presently suppressed taken and beheaded with his five Uncles In 1539. O-Neal began another Rebellion but so soon as Thomas Earl of Sussex Lord Lieutenant came against him with an Army the Gentleman grew humble submitted and was pardoned He flew out again in 1563. burnt the Cathedral of Armagh and besieged Dundalk but with no success In 1565. Sir Henry Sidney Lord Lieutenant went against him and in a Fight broke his Forces so that flying to the Scots whom he had likewise injured in 1567. he was assassinated in cold blood and presently after attained in Parliament and the Title of O-Neal abolished The Earl of Desmond was the next who in 1579. calling in the Spaniards began another Rebellion which ended ill for him the Spaniards being driven out the year after and this Earl taken and slain in 1583. In 1595. Tir-Oen who had done great Service against the Earl of Desmond and was highly favoured by Queen Elizabeth most ungratefully began a Rebellion the most dangerous of all the other this Earl having been bred in the Queens Service and learned Military Diâ—cipline from the English which he now made use of against them In 1598. he defeated the English at Blackwater In 1599. brought the Earl of Essex to condescend to a Treaty with him In 1601. he brought the Spaniards over to his Assistance who took and garrisoned Kinsale which was retaken by Sir Charles Blunt afterwards Lord Montjoy and the Spaniards totally driven out whereupon Tir-Oen submitted and was brought over by the Lord Lieutenant to King James I. in 1603. This War lasted eight years and might have proved fatal to the English if God had not prevented it After this I find no general Insurrection of the Irish till 1641. when seeing Charles I. engaged in War with the Scots at home they on a sudden rose up and assassinated two hundred thousand English in a few days when no body suspected any such thing This Insurrection began September 3. The Troubles of England gave them some respit but in 1649. and fifty Oliver Cromwell began their Chastisement so effectually that Ireton and those he left to carry it on erected mournful Trophies of the Divine Vengeance against them with no great expence of Time Blood or Treasure it missed but a little that the Irish Name and Nation had been totally extirpated Charles II. upon his Restitution in 1660. shewed them more Mercy restored such as had any pretences of Loyalty to plead for their Estates and governed them all his time with so much Clemency that this Nation never was in a better State since they fell under the English than at the time of the Death of that Good Prince Irenopolis an ancient City of Cilicia in Asia Minor Afterwards called Neronias and made an Episcopal See some write under the Archbishop first of Selencia then of Anazarbus Others place an Episcopal City of this Name near Babylon under the Patriarch of Antioch Iris Eurotas a River in the Morea which washeth Misitra and falls into the Gulph di Colochina on the South side of the Morea It is now called Vasilipotamo or Basilipotamo that is the Kings River § Another in Cappadocia understood by Valerius Flaccus where he says longisque sluens amfractibus Iris now called Casalmach See Casalmach Irneo Vindius Hirmius a Ledge of Mountains in Spain commonly called El monte de las Asturas the Mountain of the Asturas which is a Branch of the Pyrenean Hills running out to the West between the Asturas to the North and the Kingdom of Leon to the South the greatest is called Irneo or Erneo and also Cueto de Hano or Ori. Iroquois a valiant Nation of Indians in New France in the North America They have maintained divers bloody Wars with the French there and are the particular Enemies of the Hurons another salvage people of the same Country Irus a Mountain mentioned by Arrian upon the Shoars of the River Indus towards Gedrosia Is an ancient Town of Susiana in Asia eight days journey from Babylon upon a River of the same Name which discharges its Streams into the Euphrates Both remembred by Herodotus and Stephanus Isauria a Province according to the ancient division of Asia Minor now thrown into a part of Caramania and subject to the Turks It s Capital City was Isauropolis or Isauria by Ammianus Marcellinus called Claudiopolis now Saura Publius Servilius first reduced this Province under the Dominion of the Romans whence he attained the Title of Isauricus Claudian thus mentions them and him Indomites curru Servilius egit Isauros Historians write of their Incursions into the Roman Empire in the fourth and fifth Centuries Iscariot a Village of the Tribe of Ephraim or as others say Dan in Palestine not far from Samaria to the East The Birth-place of the traiterous Judas Ischar Jatrus a River of Bulgaria which riseth out of Mount Hemus and watering Ternova a City of that Province falls into the Danube at Suistefo It is the third River from the Western Border and now more usually called Iantra Ischeboli or Ischepoli Scopelus an Inland City of Thrace made a Bishops See by Leo the Emperour under the Archbishop of Adrianople I suppose it is the same with that which is now called Ipsola Ischia Aenaria Inarime Pithecusa an Island on the Coast of the Kingdom of Naples near the Bay of Puteolum not above three Miles from the Shoar to the West It s Circuit is of twenty Miles of old called Inarime and by the Greeks Pithecusa It has a City of the same Name well fortified with a Castle built on a Rock in which Ferdinando King of Naples found shelter during the storm brought upon him by Charles VIII of France who in 1495. conquered this whole Kingdom in a few days This City is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Naples eighteen Miles from Naples to the West Claudius Nepos a Frenchman in 1586. published an exact Map and Description of this Island which is inserted into the Description of Italy published by Antonius Maginus Iscodar the Turkish Name of Scutari or Scodra Idenstein a County in Weteraw a Territory in the Upper Circle of the Rhine between Hassia to the East and the Rhine to the West by some Isembourg Isakal Lein Alschemes Busiris Ramesses a ruined old City in Egypt within the Delta the ruins of which are so called Isenberg Isidis Mons a Mountain in Schwaben near Ausburgh Isendyck Isendium a small but strong Town upon the Sea Coast in Flanders over against Biervliet a Town belonging to the Hollanders This Town stands upon the Scheld three French Leagues from Sluys to the East and something above four from Middleburgh to the South and was fortified by the Spaniards against the Dutch Isenach See Eysenach Isenghien Isegemium a Castle in Flanders in the Territory of Courtray which gives the Title of an Earl or Count to the Family of Vilnia It is now under the French two Leagues from Courtray towards Bruges
Centre of the County to which it gives name large well built and populous extending from the top of a high Hill where Lindum the old Roman Town stood its Ditches and Rampier being still visible a great way downwards unto the River In this Town the Valiant Britain Vortimer died in 456 being Poysoned by Rowena the Daughter of Hengist and Wife of Vortiger The Saxons after this ruined Lindum and built Lincoln nearer the River about the times when Paulinus first Preached the Christian Faith to them The Danes destroyed it twice In the time of Edward the Confessor here was one thousand and seventy Mansions In the Norman times no City in England was more Rich or Populous as Will. of Malmsbury acquaints us Will. the Conqueror thought fit to build here a very strong Castle upon the top of the Hill aforesaid to awe the Inhabitants Remigius Bishop of Dorchester near Oxon at the same time removed the Sea hither and built the Cathedral above the same Hill In the Reign of Edward III. it was made a Mart or Staple King Stephen was overcome and taken Prisoner near this City in 1140. Sept. 5. in a great Battel with Maud the Empress and afterwards at Bristol laid in Irons Henry III. had better success here when it being defended by the Barons against him under Prince Lewis in 1217. May 19. he took it forced Lewis to Flee to London and soon after into France Mr. Cambden observes that of fifty Churches standing within an hundred Years of his time there were only eighteen left It hath by times gone through all the calamities of Fire Sword and Earthquake Yet a large populous and well frequented place still and enjoying the greatest Diocese of any in the Kingdom as the Cathedral there called commonly the Minster is one of the stateliest Piles perhaps in Christendom It hath the privilege also of being a County Corporate whose Liberties extend about twenty Miles in compass with the title of the County of the City of Lincoln It s Long. 22. 52. Lat. 53. 12. Lincolnshire is bounded on the North by the Humber and the British Sea on the East by the same Sea and part of Norfolk on the South by Cambridge Northampton and Rutlandshire on the West by Leicester Nottingham and Yorkshire It is a very large County extending in length from North to South almost sixty Miles and carrying in some places thirty in breadth fruitful in Corn and Grass thick set with Towns and well watered with Rivers As the Humber the Trent which severs part of it from Nottinghamshire the Witham running a cross it the Woland and the Nen. The whole is divided into Lindsey to the Northward which takes up about one half Holland towards the Sea Southward and Kesteven West from thence which three divisions contain six hundred and thirty Parishes and thirty five Market Towns Here is plenty of Fowl and Fish The old Inhabitans were the Coritani The present Earl of this County is Edward Lord Clinton who succeeded in 1667 being the fifth of his Family that has born this Title and the sixteenth Earl Edward Fines Lord Clinton Lord Admiral having obtained this Honor from Qu. Elizabeth in 1565 before whose time the same title had passed through several Families by frequent interruptions Lincopen Lincopia Lingacopia a City of Sweden which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Vpsal in Ostro-Gothia between Soderkoping to the East and Wadtena to the West twenty eight German Miles from Stockholm to the South-West and almost eight East from the Lake of Veter Long. 32. 48. Lat. 58. 3. The City is very small and inconsiderable We read of a Synod celebrated at it in 1148. under P. Eugenius III. It is also written Lindkeeping Lindaw Lindavia Lindavilum Philyra a City of Germany in the Circle of Schwaben in an Island in the Lake of Constance joined to the Continent by a Bridge two hundred and ninety Paces long It is an Imperial and Free City situate in the borders of Switzerland eight Miles from Constance to the North-East and grew up out of the ruins of Aeschach a place near to it Very strong both by its Site and by Art and therefore it the more easily repelled the Forces of Count Wrangel the Swedish General who in 1647. besieged it The beginning of this City was a Monastery built here by Adelbert Rorbuck a Kinsman of Charles the Great in 810. This occasioned the building of a Village and the Site being pleasant fruitful and convenient it grew up by degrees to a City at first subject to the Abbess after that to the Dukes of Schwaben obtaining its Privileges since from Rudolphus I. Frederick III. and Sigismond Lindo Lindus a Sea-Port Town in the Isle of Rhodes the Christian Inhabitants of which can bring about twenty good and large Ships into the Grand Seignior's Service Line a rivulet in Staffordshire upon which Newcastle stands thence commonly called Newcastle upon Line to distinguish it from Newcastle upon Tine Lindsey one of the three parts of the County of Lincoln containing all the Northern parts from the River Witham to the Humber and from the Ocean to Trent This was in 1626. by Charles I. made an Earldom and granted to Robert Bartie Lord Willoughby of Eresby Lord Great Chamberlain of England who died in the Bed of Honour at Edge-Hill October 23. 1642. being the King's General in that Battel The present Earl Robert Bartie the third of this Family succeeded in 1666. Lingen Lingo a strong Town in Westphalia which is the Capital of a County of the same Name under the Prince of Orange upon the River Ems forty five Miles from Munster to the North and fifty five from Emden to the South The County that belongs to it lies in the Bishoprick of Munster and is very small It belonged to the Spaniards in the time of Charles V. but is now in the hands of the Prince of Orange Linlithgo Linlithquo Lithquo Lindum a Town and a County in the South of Scotland The Town standeth on the South side of the Fyrth of Edenburgh twenty two Miles from that City to the West This Place as Mr. Cambden saith is called Lindum by Ptolemy and it takes its Name from a great Lake in this small County from which ancient the present Name is derived Linosa an Island of the Mediterranean Sea upon the Coast of Africa near Maltha It depends upon the Island of Maltha Linton a Market Town in Cambridgeshire in the Hundred of Chilford Lintz Aurelianum Lentia called by Aurelian Lyncia Lyncium and by some understood to be the Aredate of Ptolemy is the Capital City of the Vpper Austria small but populous seated upon the Danube over which it has a Bridge and in it a magnificent Castle whither the Emperors of the House of Austria have frequently retired for their Pleasure and Divertisement It stands six German Miles from Passaw to the East and twenty four from Vienna to the West Dr. Brown gives this account of
these Barbarians slew the Bishop of London for not paying them their Tribute the Year after Sweno King of the Danes took the City and expelled King Ethelred out of England but this lasted not long In the Year 1016 Canutus the Dane took London and in 1018 was there Crowned King of England In 1042 there was an end put to this Danish Race and Edward the Confessor was Crowned King of England In 1064 this Prince died and Herald usurping upon Edward Atheling the Right Heir William Duke of Normandy entred England slew him and in 1066 was Crowned in London The Fate of London has been much the same with that of England ever since for this Prince in 1078 having built the Tower of London it became the setled Residence of our Kings from that day forward William II. in 1099 Walled the Tower King John in 1210 Granted this City its first Charter and Instituted its Major and Government In 1211 He built London Bridge In 1217 Lewis of France was besieged in London by Henry III. and forced to leave the Land In 1378 John Philpot a Londoner at his own Cost and upon his own Authority put out a Fleet and cleared the Seas of Pyrats In 1381 the Country Clowns rising against the Nobility and one Jack Straw behaving himself insolently towards the King in Smithfield Sir William Wallworth the Lord Major stabbed him and put an end to that Rebellion for which Service the Red Dagger was added as is said to the Arms of London In 1392 that Prince seized their Liberties for resusing to lend him Money In 1567 the Royal Exchange was built by Sir Thomas Gresham In succeeding times it throve to that degree as to have one hundred and thirty three Parishes accounted within its Walls and Suburbs In 1665 a Plague swept away one hundred thousand of her Inhabitants In 1666 a devouring Fire Levelled thirteen thousand of her Houses The Footsteps of which dismal Calamity by the Industry of the Citizens encouraged by their Gracious King Charles II. are not otherwise to be seen but in a more glorious Restauration A great multitude of Provincial and National Councils have been celebrated at London in all times Long. 23. 25. Lat. 51. 34. § Boston in New England is sometimes also called New London London-Derry is a Colony of the English Planted in the County of Colâ—ain in the North of the Province of Vlster in a fruitful Soil and upon Waters that afford it great plenty of Fish of all sorts This in 1612 was made a London Colony some of the Companies in London bearing the Charge of it and one Colonel Dockwray an old experienced Commander of the English being sent with them to command govern and take care of them Being thus happily begun and a great number following the first in a short time it became the most considerable City in Vlster And being as well carefully Fortified and Garrisoned as Peopled in the time of the Irish Massacre it stood so firm for the English that no Force or Fraud of the Irish could expel them The Irish had reduced them to great extremity in 1649 but one Owen Row Oneale in time frustrated their Attempts and relieved the Town when it was just upon the point of being starved into a Complyance See Derry Longford a Town and County in Ireland in the Province of Leinster The County has Connaught on the West Vlster on the North Letrim and Roscomen on the West and Mayo on the South The Town is small and stands upon the North Side of the River Long where it falls into the Lake of Eske Longland an Island in the Baltick taken from the Danes by the Swedes in 1657. Long Meg and her Daughters a Trophy in the County of Cumberland erected at Salkeld on the River Eden It consists of seventy seven Stones each ten foot above ground but the highest is fifteen foot and this by the Inhabitants has the Name given it of Long Meg. Longouy or Longwy a Town in the Duchy of Lorain in the Dukedom of Bar in the Confines of Luxemburg five Leagues from Montmidy to the East and the same distance from Luxemburg to the South lately fortified by the French Longtown a Market Town in the County of Cumberland in Eskdale Ward Longueil a Town in Normandy near Dieppe giving its name to an honorable Family Longueville a Town in the Paix de Cauxe in Normandy which had the honour to be erected from the Title of an Earldom into a Dukedom in 1505. by Lewis XII K. of France Loon Loen Lon Los a River in the Bishoprick of Liege in the Earldom of Loots called by these various Names by the Germans Dutch and French Lopski Lopia a part of Tartary on the East of Moscovy beyond the River Ob which is subject to the Russ but lies in Asia between Siberia and Baida two other Provinces of that vast Empire Loquabre or Lockabre a County in Scotland called by Latin Writers Abria and Loquabria it lies on the West of Scotland towards the Hebrides written by the Scots Loch Quaber and bounded on the North with the Ocean and the County of Ross on the East with Murray and Athole on the South with Perth Menteith and Loune cut off from it by the broad Tay and on the West with the Ocean There are some Castles but never a Town or City of any Note in it Lorain Lotharingia Austrasia is a Dukedom belonging to Germany of late seized by the French King and therefore by Baudrand made a part of France Bounded on the East with Alsatia cut off by the Mountain Vauge Vogesus and the Dukedom of Bipont or Westreich as the Germans call it on the South with the County of Burgundy or the Franche Compté on the West with the River Maes which parts it from Champagne and on the North with Luxemburg Metz Verdun and the Land of Triers This Country is in length about four days Journey in breadth three much overgrown with Woods very Hilly and Mountainous being a part of the once vast Forest of Ardenne It was given by Lotharius the Emperor to his second Son Lotharius and from him took the Name of Lorain or as others write it Lorraigne This happened about the Year 851. Others say it took this Name from the Father and not from the Son about the Year 843 but all agree that from Lotharius this County was called by the Germans Lotreich by the Dutch Lot-reigne i. e. the Kingdom of Lot and from hence of later times by the Germans Lotthiringen by the Inhabitants Lorrain by the French Lorain The first of these Dukes of Lorain was Charles right Heir of the Caroline Line of France but excluded defeated and taken Prisoner by Hugh Capet His Advancement was from Otho II. Emperor of Germany about the Year 981 being the Son of Lewis IV. of France and of Gerbage an Aunt of the said Otho From this Charles the present young Duke of Lorain is Lineally Descended being the thirty fourth
by the Arabs Hamammetha In the Year 394. a Council was held here the Canons whereof are confused amongst the Body of the Canons of the African Church Long. 36. 40. Lat. 32. 40. Majaquana one of the Luccaye Islands belonging to North America between Hispaniola to the South and Samana to the North. Maida a Principality in the further Calabria in the Kingdom of Naples near Nicastro Maidenhead a Market Town in Berkshire in the Hundred of Bray Maidstone Madus Vagniacae is a fair sweet populous Town in the County of Kent in Aylesford Lath upon the River Medway near its head from which it has this name There is a fair Stone Bridge built by the Archbishops of Canterbury over this River Edward VI. Incorporated this Town and granted it a Mayor which was taken from them in Queen Maries time for favouring Wyat's Rebellion in 1554. But Queen Elizabeth restored them to their former State In ancient times their chief Magistrate was called a Portgreve from Grave an old German word still used by the Germans in Markgrave Reingrave and Landtgrave Charles I. added another Honor to this Place when in 1628. he created Elizabeth Finch Grandmother to the late Heneage Finch Earl of Winchelsey late Lord Chancellor of England Viscountess of Maidstone and Countess of Winchelsey with an Entail upon her Heir Males which Honors are now possessed by Heneage Her Grandchild the Second of this Family Heneage late Earl of Nottingham and Lord Chancellor of England was another of Her Posterity This is the Town where the Assizes and Sessions are kept with which honour it has that of the Election of two Members of the House of Commons Maienne See Mayenne Majella Nicates a Mountain in Abruzzo a Province of the Kingdom of Naples near the River Pescara Aternus as Holstenius affirms Maillezais or Mallezais Malleaca Malleacum a small City in Poictou in France seated in a Morass made by the Rivers Seure Niortoise which falls into the Bay of Aquitain and the Hautize The ancient Earls of Poictou and Dukes of Guyenne chose it for their Residence and Founded in it an Abbey about the Year 1030. which by P. John XXII in 1317. was changed into a Bishops See but being little inhabited by reason of the badness of the Air the Bishoprick was suppressed in 1649. and the City of Rochell substituted in its place by Pope Innocent X. It stands nine Leagues from Rochell to the North-East and five from Niore to the South Long. 19. 36. Lat. 46. 21. according to the last Maps Mailly a Seigniory near Amiens in Picardy giving name to an honorable Family of that Province Maina or Maines or Braccio di Maina a City on the South of the Morea supposed to have been the ancient Leuctra or Tenarus in Laconia on the East side of the Gulph of Coron North of Cape Matapan the most South Cape of the Morea The Inhabitants are called the Mainotes and have in this present War contributed very much to the driving the Turks out of the Morea by serving in great numbers under the Venetians against them It is said it was a Common-wealth before but Coronelli in his late description of the Morea assures us it was a Fort built by the Turks upon the Ruins of Cersapolis to keep these Mainotes under who being impatient of the Turkish Slavery and extremely Warlike had betaken themselves to the Rocks and Forests and would pay no Tribute to the Turks thereupon the Turks began to build the Fort of Maina but Querini Captain of the Gulph for the Venetians in 1570. understanding their design Landed and by the help of the Mainotes took this Fort and ruined it entirely by which means the Mainotes were preserved and obliged to the Service of this State Main Amber a noted strong Rock nigh to Mounts Bay in the County of Cornwall mounted upon others of a lesser size with so equal a ponderation that it may be stirred 't is said yet not moved out of its place Maine le Maine Cenomanensis Provincia is a great and fruitful Province in France the old Inhabitants of which were the Cenomani Aulerci its greatest extent is from East to West on the North it is bounded by Normandy on the West by Bretagne This part is called the Lower Maine on the South by Anjou and on the East by Le Perche This the Vpper Maine and of the two the most fruitful and pleasant The Rivers Huisne Sarte and Mayenne water it The Principal City in it is Mans the next Mayenne Charles the second Son of Francis Duke of Guise being made Duke of Maine and after that General of the League against Henry III. and IV. of France made this Province frequently mentioned in the Histories of France of those times The Common Proverb of the People of this Province is Qu' un Manceau vaut un Norman demy One Man of Maine is worth one Norman and the half of another Main Land Pomona the Principal of the Isles of Orkney which is twenty two English Miles long and has a Town called Kirkwall on the Northern Shoar for its Capital its greatest extent is from East to West and its greatest breadth about ten Miles The Mainotes See Maina Maintez Meintez See Mentz Majorca or Mallorca Balearium insulae Palma Majorca an Island in the Mediterranean Sea on the Eastern Coast of Spain over against the Kingdom of Valencia at the distance of about sixty Miles between Minorca to the East and Yvica to the West which three Islands constituted the Kingdom of Majorca so called from this the greatest of them It s Circuit is near one hundred and ten Miles the Principal City is Mallorca Palma or Majorca which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Tarragona and a flourishing University in which Raymundus Lullius taught and his tenets are now ex instituto maintained It is great strong and has a Haven belonging to it on the Western shoar of the Island Long. 24. 40. Lat. 40. 00. The Maps place it in Lat. 38. 26. The Inhabitants of this Island were of old famous Archers from whence they were called Baleares at first they went naked being subdued by the Carthaginians Anno Mundi 3500. they became more civilized and served in the Carthaginian Wars against the Romans till together with Spain they fell under that Republick in the Year of Rome 630. 521 Years before the Birth of our Saviour The Moors were their next Masters who crossing out of Africa took Possession of them about the same time they Conquered Spain Raymund Earl of Barcelone by the assistance of the Genouese expelled the Moors in 1102 but the Genouese as if they had repented this good Deed restored them again In 1228. they were finally ex elled by James King of Arragon This Prince in 1230. made James his Son King of Majorca whose Posterity enjoyed this Kingdom till 1341. when James III. the fourth King of Majorca was slain in Battel by Pedro IV. King of Arragon and ever since
demolished by the English It has a Collegiate Church § There is another Meun in the same Province upon the River Inde betwixt Chateau-roux and Bruzancais § And a Third in the Province of Orleanois under the right side of the Loyre betwixt the City Orleans and Baugency Adorned with a Collegiate Church and taken heretofore by the Victorious English under the Earl of Salisbury In Latin Magdunum Meurs Meursia a small City of the Dukedom of Cleves though seated in the Bishoprick of Cologn which is an Earldom and belongs together with its Territory to the Prince of Orange by the gift of the last Countess in 1600. Yet the Duke of Brandenburgh lays claim to it as Duke of Cleves It lies two Miles from Rhineburgh to the South one from the Rhine to the West about ten from Cologn to the North-West and seven from Cleves to the South-West Meurtre Mourtre Murta Morta a River of Lorrain it ariseth from Mount Vauge and watering Nancy falls into the Moselle three Leagues above Pont Mouson Meuse Mosa the same with the Maes Mexico Mexicum a vast City in the North America the Capital of New Spain and of a Province of the same name in that Kingdom the Seat of the Spanish Viceroy of the West-â—naâ—es and an Archbishop's See This City stands upon the North side of a Lake of the same name in a most pleasant fruitful and large Plain and in great part surrounded with the Lake The Inhabitants pretend it was built in 1322. The Spaniards by the current and thread of their Story say it was built in 902. It was many Ages since the Royal Seat of the Kings of Mexico had then a great and splendid Palace called in their Tongue the Tepac but burnt together with the City when it was taken by the Spaniards in 1521. by Francis Cortez who rebuilt the City and made it the Capital of his Conquests Its Streets are great streight and beautiful its Churches magnificent its publick Buildings noble It has an Aquaduct three Miles long and many Monasteries John de Turre Cremata our Countryman Mr. Gage and some others have given large accounts of this noble City which is the greatest in America It has no Walls Forts Bastions nor any Cannon or Defence whatsoever beside what the number of its Inhabitants afford which is a part of the Spanish Jealousie for fear a Viceroy should set up for himself In 1527. Pope Clement VII made it a Bishop's See In 1547. Paul III. made it an Archbishop's See in which Year Cortez the Conqueror died It was made an University in 1551. by Charles V. As it is seated in a very low ground so it has often suffered very much by Inundations of the Lake particularly Septemb. 21. 1629. forty thousand of its Inhabitants were drowned to prevent this for the future they have with great Charges found out a means to drive part of these Waters other ways There is no way to the City but over three Causways on the North West and South sides the latter of which is the longest Long. 269. 00. Lat. 28. 30. eighty Spanish Leagues from the South Sea and the same distance from the Shores of the Bay of Mexico See Golfo di Mexico There are also two Lakes of Water called by the name of this City one of which is fresh Water seven Leagues long six broad the other is salt Water forty Leagues in compass Meydenburg See Magdeburg Meylandt the German Name for Milan Meyne See Mayn § Also a Mineral Spring much resorted to of late near the City Arles in Provence Mezaal a pretended Island in Aethiopia See Meroë Mezieres Maderiacum Meceria a City of France in Champagne in the Territory of Retelois built upon and almost encompassed with the Maes and very well fortified besides It stands not above half a League from Charleville four beneath Sedan to the West three from the Confines of Luxemburgh and sixteen from Reims to the North-East and hath a Collegiate Church Mezo Amyzon a City of Caria in the Lesser Asia still extant and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Sancta Croce being seated between Magnesia and Alabanda thirty Miles from Miletus now Melasso and the same distance from the Shoares of the Archipelago to the East Mezuma oppidum novum a City in the Kingdom of Algïer in Africa in the Province of Tenez between Algier and Tremesin Mezzaba a Province in Biledulgerida in Africa with a City of the same name by the great River between Zeb and Tegorarina to the West Mezzovo Pindus Miana Apamia or Apamea a City of Media Long. 79. 50. Lat. 34. 20. Miary a River in Brasil which receives the Ovaro Covo and divers other Rivers then falls into the Ocean near the Island of Maragnan upon the Coast of Brasil Micoli an Island of the Aegean Sea betwixt Nicaria to the East and the Islands Tenon and Andron to the North. One of the Cyclades called by the Antients Mycone and Myconos It produces Wine Cotton Barley and abundance of Game planted with one only Village which pays a yearly Tribute to the Turks Middleburgh Metelli Castrum Middleburgum Metelloburgum a Town in Zealand the Capital of the Isle of Walcheren made a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Vtretcht in 1559. by Pope Paul IV the Collegiate Church in 1561 being converted into a Cathedral and the Revenues of a famous Abbey that was here applied to serve for the use of the Bishoprick It is great rich populous extremely well fortified and has been under the Vnited Provinces ever since 1574 in which it was taken by their Forces from the Spaniards The Abbey is now the Town-house § There is a Town in Flanders under the Vnited Provinces two German Miles from Bruges to the North and an Island in the East-Indies both called by the same name Middlefart a Town in the Island of Fuynen in the Baltick Sea giving name to the Channel Middelfart or Middle-Passage betwixt this Island and Jutland Middlesex Middlesexia Trinobantes is bounded on the North by Hartfordshire on the West by Buckingham separated by the River Colne on the South by Surrey cut off by the Thames and on the East by Essex divided from it by the Lea. It is nineteen English Miles in length and sixteen in breadth one of the least Counties in England but its Fertility and nearness to London abundantly recompenseth this want of Extent The ancient British Inhabitants were the Trinobantes afterwards it was a part of the Kingdom of the East-Saxons White-hall and S. James the Royal Mansions of the Kings of England are both in this County to which may be added Hampton Court their Country House of Pleasure and LONDON the Capital of England is its Head The Honorable Charles Sackville Earl of Dorset is also Earl of Middlesex by a Creation of Feb. 4. 1674. Which Title was first bestowed by K. James I. in 1622. on Lionel Lord Cranfield Lord Treasurer of England whose Son James enjoyed the same and after
Mount Feretranus near the River Arimino in the Confines of Romandiola twenty Miles from Vrbino to the South-West and fifteen from Arimini to the South giving name to an honourable Italian Family This Chair was removed to Pinna a Town four Miles from it by Pope Pius V. in 1572. Monferrant Monferrandum a City in Auvergne in a very fruitful Soil from whence it has the name It stands upon an Hill about one Mile from Cleremont two Leagues from the River Allier and twenty five from Lion now in a flourishing state with divers Religious Houses in it The River Bedat glides by it § There is another Monferand in the Territory called le Pais entre les deux mers that is betwixt the confluence of the Garonne and the Dordogne This latter is the first Barony in Guienne Monferrat See Montferrat Monfâ—a an Island on the Eastern Coast of Africa over against against Quiloa In Long. 65. and deg 8. Southern Lat. Monfort l' Amauri Montfortium Amalrici Monfortium Almariae a small Town in the Territory of Montoran in the Government of the Isle of France betwixt Dampiere and Mante upon an Hill with a little River gliding at its foot about ten Leagues from Paris It carries the name of an honourable Family Mongaguabe a River in Brasil in the Prefecture of Paraiba Mongibello Mount Aetna and by allusion any burning Mountain in the Italian use of this Word Mongul a Province in the Asiatick Tartary Monlui a Mountain in Catalonia Monlusson Monlussonium a City of France in the Dukedom of Bourbon in the Confines of Berry upon the River Cher four Leagues from the Borders of Auvergne and thirteen from Moulins to the West It is ordinarily epitheted la fertile for its Vineyards and Pasturage Monnedy Mons medius Mons maledictus a small but very strong City in the Dukedom of Luxemburgh in the Low Countries upon the River Chier seven Leagues from Virdum to the North and about nine from Luxemburgh to the South-West It stands upon a Hill very well Fortified yet by the negligence of the Spaniards for want of Ammunition and sufficient Garrisons frequently taken by the French At last in 1657 being taken by then it was by the Pyrenean Treaty yielded to France Monmirail Monmiralium a Town in the Province of Brie in France upon an Hill where glides the River Morin falling afterwards into the Marne § Also one of the five ancient Baronies of Perche-Gouet Monmorency Monmoreniacum a Town in the Isle of France four Leagues from Paris to the South-West which gives the Title of a Duke to one of the best and most ancient Families of France From this Town the Valley in which it lies one of the most fruitful spots of Ground in the whole World is called the Valley of Montmorency Monmorillon a small Town in the Province of Poictou in France upon the River Gartampe here covered with a Bridge and the frontiers of la Maache Monmouthshire Monumethia hath on the North the County of Hereford on the East Glocester on the South the Severn and on the West Glamorgan and Brecknockshires It is twenty four English Miles from North to South and nineteen from East to West Full of Hills Valleys Woods and Springs every where fruitful abounding in Corn and Cattle and injoys a temperate healthful clear Air. The most ancient Inhabitants were the Silures Conquered by Julius Frontinus in the Reign of Vespasian after a War of about an hundred years continuance with great loss on the Roman Side nor was this County won with less difficulty by the English the Welsh being intirely possessed of it when the Normans conquered England yet being conquered before Wales it was united to the Crown of England in the Reign of Edward I. and accounted an English County tho lying on the North of the Severn Monmouth which gives Name to this County stands between the Wye and the Monow over both which Rivers it has a Bridge in the North-East Border of the County where Monmouth Hereford and Glocestershires meet as it were all in one Center Three parts of it are secured by these Rivers On the fourth it has a small Brook called Monnors which runs through the Town on the North-East Side where the Town is most accessible it has an ancient Castle once a place of great Strength and Beauty in which Henry V. King of England thence called Henry of Monmouth was born But now ruined and used as a Farm-House there are three of the Gates standing with a part of the ancient Wall it is still a Corporation governed by a Mayor This was also the Birth place of Geofry of Monmouth the Historian It now gives the Title of Earl to the R. H. Charles Mordant Created E. of Monmouth by K. W. As before of a Duke in the Person of James the late unfortunate Duke of Monmouth and it returns two Members to the House of Commons Long. 17. 36. Lat. 52. 08. Monnow a River of Monmouthshire between which and the River Wye stands the Town of Monmouth falling into the Severn Mono Emugi a Kingdom in Africa see Monemagi There are abundance of Elephants with Mines of Brass Silver and Gold found in this Kingdom A part of the Mountains of the Moon is enclosed therewith and the Subjects traffick more especially for Silk Cotton and Amber with the Kingdoms of Queilloa Melinde and Monbaze Betwixt the Estates of the Grand Negus and it lye some petty principalities which are ever in Vassalage to the strongest side Monomotapa a City and Kingdom in the Southern Aethiopia in Africa of great extent which contains in it twenty five other Kingdoms and reaches from North to South two hundred and fifty Spanish Leagues Cluverius stretches it from the Aethiopick Ocean to the Red-Sea Some speak particularly of an Amazonian Kingdom amongst the rest where the Women go to War and acquit themselves with admirable bravery The Portuguese call the King of Monomotapa the Emperor of Gold from the abundance of that mettal found in Mines and the Rivers of his Dominions Monomotapa the Principal City which gives Name to this vast and fruitful Empire lies in Long. 48. 00. Southern Lat. 24. 35. Upon the banks of the River Spiritu Santo very large and adorned with a most magnificent Palace Royal. Monopoli Monopolis a City in the Province of Bari in the Kingdom of Naples which sprung out of the Ruins of Egnatia an ancient City not far off a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Bari but exempt from the Jurisdiction of its Metropolitan This City tho small is very splendidly and magnificently built twenty two Miles from Bari to the East and twenty five from Taranto to the North. Monosceli an ancient People of Aethiopia also called Sciopodes and mentioned by Pliny Monreale Montreali Mons Regalis a small City in the Island of Sicily which is yet an Archbishops See It stands upon a Hill about four Miles from Palermo to the South built by William II. King of Sicily By
were levelled by an Earthquake April 1690. At the same time the Sea left its accustomed Bounds a great part of a Mile the Earth vomited hot and fetid Waters its motion Pulses and Openings also all over the Island being such as nothing can be more terrible Neure a River of Kilkenny in Ireland which watereth Ross then falls into the Sewer which separates Leinster from Mounster and falls beneath VVaterford into the Ocean Neusidlersee Peiso a Lake between Austria and the Lower Hungary bteween Raab to the East and Vienna to the West Neustria the Name of a part of the Kingdom of France in use amongst the Writers of the Times of Charlemaigne and his Son to denote the Country from the Saosne and the Meuse to the Loyre and the Ocean It has been since changed into that of Normandy tho the present Dukedom of Normandy makes no more than a part of the ancient Neustria New Albion California an Island on the West of America in North Lat. 38. discovered by Sir Francis Drake in 1578. Newark upon Trent is a fair rich Town in Nottinghamshire seated on the East Bank of the Trent where it divides into two Branches and makes an Island before the Town eleven Miles from Nottingham to the North and in the high Road to York which took its Name from a Castle here built by Alexander Bishop of Lincoln in the Reign of Henry II. which was seized by King Stephen King John died in this Town in 1216. Edward VI. incorporated it and gave it the Privilege of sending two Burgesses to the Parliament It suffered a Siege for its Loyalty in 1643 1644. which was raised by Prince Rupert March 22. It stood firm to the Royal Interest till May 11. 1646. and then was forced to surrender the King being in the Hands of the Scots and all his Forces dissipated This Town gives the Title of Viscount to the Earl of Kingston and is the Capital of its Hundred Newbury Novum burgum a Town on the South of Barkshire upon the River Kennet which at Reading falls into the Thames Called by Antoninus Spinae tho not built now in the same place a fine rich Cloathing Town seated in a Champain Plain Country Made famous by a signal Victory obtained here by Charles I. Septemb. 20. 1643. over the Forces of the Parliament October 27. 1644. there was a second Fight in which tho the King's Forces which were much divided had at first the good Fortune to drive the Enemy out of the Field yet being overpowered by Numbers and fresh Supplies they were at last Routed and the King in great danger of being taken This Battel tho short was the sharpest that was fought in all that War Charles II. added a great Honor to this Place when in 1675. he created Charles Fitz-Roy Duke of Southampton Earl of Chichester and Baron of Newbury New-Castle upon Tine is a strong rich populous Sea-Port Town in Northumberland upon the North Bank of the River Tine but on the Borders of Durham six Miles from the Sea The River is very deep the Haven secure and large the Town stands upon a rising Ground and has a fair Bridge over the River on the South side with an Iron Gate upon it which divides the County of Northumberland from the Bishoprick of Durham near which stands the Castle and over against it the Market-Place and more to the North upon a sleep Hill the Body of the Town fenced with Towers and strong Walls It contains four Parishes amongst which St. Nicholas's Church upon the top of the Hill has the gracefulness of a Cathedral Ships of good burden come up to the very Bridge But the Newcastle-fleet commonly stays at Sheales near the Rivers Mouth This Town for Wealth and Commerce by Sea and Land for all Commodities may well be esteemed the Bristol of the North. Mr. Cambden doth suppose it to have been called Garbosentum by the Romans afterwards Monk-chester and to have taken the name of Newcastle when it was rebuilt by Robert Eldest Son to William the Conqueror and Newcastle upon Tine to distinguish it from Newcastle under Line In the Reign of Edward I. a Rich Man being taken Prisoner in the Town by the Scots after his Ransom began the Fortifications of it and the rest of the Inhabitants finished this Work which made it both safe and rich Richard II. made it a Mayor Town Long. 21. 30. Lat. 57. 34. Thus far Mr. Cambden The Scots in 1640. seized this strong Town and thereby began the Calamities of England which lasted twenty years In 1644. after a long Siege the Scots took it the second time October 19. Lewis Steward Duke of Lenox was created Earl of Newcastle in 1604. by James I. He dying without Issue William Cavendish Viscount Mansfield and Baron Ogle was by Charles I. created Earl of Newcastle in 1627. Marquess of Newcastle in 1643. and Duke of the same in 1664. by Charles II. to whom succeeded Henry his Son in 1676. The Corporation Elects two members of Parliament Newcastle under Line a large Market Town in Staffordshire in the Hundred of Pirehill upon the rivulet Line It is a Borough Town and hath the honour of electing two Members of the English Parliament New England a large Country in North America first discovered by Sebastian Cabot under English Colours in 1497. Entred upon for the English by Mr. Philip Amadas in 1584. It lies in forty and forty one deg of North Lat. seventy Miles upon the Ocean which affords it plenty of Harbours The Air is healthful but the Weather very uncertain This Country was first begun to be Planted in 1606. In 1610. one Robinson an Independent Preacher struck in with the Design and much promoted that Plantation It is well watered with Rivers has great variety of Wild Fowl Wild Beasts Timber in abundance Flax Hemp Corn of all sorts Furrs Amber and Iron wherewith the Inhabitants drive a gainful Trade with the other English Plantations in America This Colony is very strong They have built seven great Towns the chief of which is Boston which in 1670. had fifty Sail of Ships belonging to it They would never submit to any Governour sent from England but lived like a Free State till a Quo Warranto being sent against them in 1683. by K. Charles II. they submitted to Henry Cranfield Esq and in 1686. accepted Sir Edward Andrews as Governour for King James II. The Dukedom of Newenburg Neoburgum called by the French Neubourg is a Tract in Germany in Nortgow upon the Danube part of which lies in the Circle of Bavaria and part in Schwaben Heretofore a part of the Dukedom of Bavaria till Maximilian I. granted it to the Children of Rupert Prince Palatine This Line ended in 1559. in the Person of Henry after whom Succeeded Philip Lewis Duke of Deuxponts or Zweybrucken in which Family it still is It takes its name from Newburg Neoburgum a City in Bavaria upon the Danube four Leagues from Donawert in Schwaben to
Over the Trent and the Line it has two Bridges besides two others over two Ponds called the Cheney Bridges It has three Churches and a strong and goodly Castle built on a steep Rock on the West side of the Town In the Reign of Burthred King of the Mercians and Aethelred King of the VVest-Saxons the Danes having got the Possession of this Castle kept it against three Kings united against them and forced them to a Peace After this Edward the Elder walled the Town the South part of which was standing in Mr. Cambden's time The Castle which is now standing was rebuilt by VVilliam the Conqueror to curb the English Edward IV. repaired it In 1â—75 it was besieged by Henry II. but could not be taken In the Barons Wars it was surprised by Robert de Ferrariis an Earl otherwise it was never taken by force as the same Author observes Long. 22. 14. Lat. 53. 00. Charles Lord Howard descended from the House of Norfolk by the Mowbrays Earls of this County from 1377. to 1475. was in 1597. created Earl of Nottingham This Family ending in Charles Lord Howard the third in that Line the Honor was conferred May 12. 1681. upon Heneage Lord Finch Baron of Daventry then Lord Chancellor of England and it is now enjoyed by Daniel Son of the said Heneage Nova Antequera a City of New Spain in America in the Province of Oaxaca eighty Spanish Leagues from Mexico to the East seventeen from the North Sea to the South and seventeen from Vera Cruz. It is little and not much inhabited though a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mexico ever since 1535. Nova Guinea a large Country in the Western part of the Pacifick Ocean which is a part of the Terra Australis on the East of the Molucco Islands First discovered by Andrew Ardaneta a Spaniard in 1528. and then thought to be an Island but since to be a part of the South Continent Novara Novaria a City of Italy which in Pliny's time was the Capital of Insubria It is now a part of the Duchy of Milan and a Bishop's See under that Archbishop the Head of a small Territory called by its name Very strong and can shew many ancient Roman Inscriptions as Testimonies of its Antiquity It stands twenty five Miles from Milan to the West and ten from Turin in a well-watered and fruitful Soil and upon an Eminence well fortified Near this Lewis Sforza Duke of Milan was taken by the French in 1500. But twelve years after the Swiss gave the French a great Overthrow in this Place to abate their joy for their former Success Peter Lombard the Master of the Sentences and sometime Bishop of Paris was a Native of this City and Pope Innocent XI Bishop of it when he was chosen Novellara a fine Town in the Lower Lombardy between the Territories of the Dukes of Mantoua and Modena subject to a Count of its own who is of the Family of Gonzaga ten Miles from Regio towards the North. It has a Castle called Bagnuollo Novibazar Novus Mercatus one of the principal Cities of Servia upon the River Orasâ—a fifty Miles from Nissa to the West Novigrad Novigradum Argyrutum a Town in Dalmatia which has a Castle seated upon a Bay of the same name twenty Miles from Zara to the East and twenty five from Sebenico to the North. It belonged to the Venetians but was taken by the Turks in 1646. Novigrad a small City in the Vpper Hungary which gives name to a County one German Mile from the Danube five from Gran to the North-East and four from Vaccia It has a Castle which is seated on a Rock and a Dike thirty four foot deep cut in the same Rock which makes it almost inaccessible yet the Turks took this strong Place in 1663. Novogorod Velki Novogardia Magna a City of Moscovy called by the Germans Neugarten which is very great and an Archbishops See the Capital of a Principality of the same name seated in a spacious Plain upon the River Wolkow where it issueth from the Lake of Ilmen an hundred and five German Miles from Mosco to the North-West forty six from Pleskow to the East and forty from Narva to the South East Long. 50. 00. Lat. 58. 23. The River Wolchou or Woldga saith Olearius falls by Notteburgh and the Gulph of Finland into the Baltick Sea this River is the chief cause of the Wealth and Greatness of the City being Navigable from its Fountains almost to the Baltick which has made this City the chief for Trade in all the North. Vithold Great Duke of Lithuania was the first who in 1427. obliged this City to pay a vast Tribute John Basilowitz Grotsden Duke of Muscovy overthrew an Army raised by this City in 1477. Thereupon he made himself Master of it and carried thence to Mosco three hundred Wagons loaden with Gold Silver and rich Goods John Basilowitz another of their Princes in 1569. slew two thousand seven hundred and seventy of its Inhabitants and cast them into the River upon a bare groundless suspicion besides a vast number trodden to death by a Party of Horse This City was taken by the Swedes in 1611. and restored to the Russ in 1634. It hath formerly been so puissant that it passed for a common Proverb Who is there that can oppose himself to God and the great City of Novogrod They reckon about seventy Monasteries in it It s largeness has been set in the parallel with that of Rome but its Walls are of Wood and the Buildings mean Novogorod Nisi that is the Lower is a vast City of Moscovy seated upon the Wolga where it takes in the Occa an hundred German Miles from Mosco to the North-East and forty from Wologda to the South-East Novogrod Novogroda sirnamed Litawiski is a City of Lithuania under the Crown of Poland the Capital of a Palatinate of the same name in which the Diet of Lithuania ought by turns with Minsko to be holden It stands scarce four Polish Miles from the River Niemen or Memel and twenty from Vilna to the South Novogrodeck Seviersky a strong City of Russia which has been attributed to Lithuania when under the Poles but now it is under the Russ again It stands upon the River Dezna seventeen Polish Miles from Czernichou to the North-East forty six from Kiovia to the same and the same distance from Smolensko to the South This is also the Capital of a Palatinate Noyon Novomagâ—s Noviodunum a City in the Isle of France near the Borders of Picardy of which it was a part upon the River Vorse which two Miles lower falls into the Oise eight Leagues from Soisons to the South-West fifteen from Amiens six from Reims to the West and twenty two from Paris to the North. It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Reims the Bishop of it is one of the three Earls and a Peer of France the Diocese which belongs to it is called Le Noyonois â—â—bia a
last it is divided by the Loyre though some attribute several Villages to it beyond that River The Cities of it are Orleans Baugency and Chartres Ormus Armuzia Ormuzium Organa a small Island on the Coast of Persia known to the Greeks and Romans with a City of the same name This Island is seated at the Mouth of the Persian Gulph upon the Province of Schiras over against the Mouth of the Drut nine Spanish Miles in compass and twelve from the nearest Shoars of Persia The City which was once so potent and rich fell into the Hands of the Portuguese in 1517 and was re-conquered by the Persians assisted by the English April 25. 1622. Whereupon this so famous Mart presently became desolate and forsaken so that there is now little of it left but the Castle that the Portuguese built which has deluded the Forces of the Turks and Arabians Out of the ruins of it is sprung up Gambron on the continent Long. 91. 20. Lat. 27. 30. This Island wants fresh water It hath formerly sustain'd the title of a Kingdom The Tartars call it Necrokin The Portuguese were thought to lose six or seven Millions at the retaking of it by the English and Persian Forces Ormond Ormondia The North part of the County of Tipperary in the Province of Munster called by the Irish Orwowon that is the front of Munster A lean Mountainous barren Country which gives the Title of a Duke to one of the best and most Loyal Families in that Kingdom the first of which was James Butler Created Earl of Ormond by Edward III. James the late Earl was for his signal services in the old Rebellion in Ireland in 1643 Created Marquess of Ormond In 1660. he was by Charles II. made Duke of Ormond in Ireland and in 1661. in England Ormokirk a Market Town in Lancashire in the Hundred of Darby not far from Merton Meer Ornano a Signory in the Isle of Corsica Orne Orna Olina a River in Normandy which watereth Argentan Caen and at Estreban falls into the British Sea Orne Odorna a River of Lorrain which falls into the Moselle between Mets and Thionville it has a Town of the same name upon it between the Moselle and the Maes but nearest to the last Hofman Orontes See Farfar § The same is also the name of a Mount near the City Tauris in Persia Oropus or Orope an antient City of Attica in Greece called now Zucamini and Suzamino Aulus Gellius speaks of it § There was a second in Macedonia the Birth-place of Seleucus Nicanor § A third in the Island Euboea in Aristotle's time who remembers it § And Stephanus places a fourth in Syria called also Telmissus Orsoi Orsoium Orsovium a small but strong and an important Town in the Dutchy of Cleves in Germany upon the Rhine Taken for the Hollanders by the Prince of Orange in 1634 and in 1672 by the Duke of Orleans for the French Orssa a strong Town in the Dukedom of Lithuania in Poland seated at the Confluence of the River Orsca with the Nieper eighteen Polish Leagues from Smolensko to the West and twelve from Mohilow to the North towards VVitepski It is defended by a good Cittadel Sigismond I. King of Poland defeated the Muscovites before it in 1514 taking Prisoners four thousand and leaving dead upon the Place forty thousand It hath heretofore been in the hands of the Muscovites Orta or Orti Hortanum a small City in the Ecclesiastical State upon the Tiber near its Confluence with the Nera and upon an Ascent It belonged formerly to the Dukedom of Toscana Pliny takes occasion to mention it It is an Episcopal City thirty four Miles from Rome to the North. Ortonbourg Ortemburgum a Town in the Province of Carinthia in Germany upon the Drave having the honour to give a Title of a Count of the Empire Orton a Market Town in the County of VVestmorland in East Ward amongst the Heaths much wanting Wood. Ortona a City of the Hither Abruzzo and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Trivento which has a safe Port on the Adriatick twelve Miles from Trivento North-East eight from Lanciano to the same and eleven from Pescara to the South-East It is now called Ortona à Mare to distinguish it from Ortona di Marsi in the same Province Made a Bishop's See by Pope Pius V. in 1570. The Revenue of this Town belongs to the Papacy Orvieto Oropitum Vrbiventum Herbanum a City of Italy of great antiquity called in several Ages by various names It was heretofore included in the Province of Toscana now in S. Peter's Patrimony the Capital of a Territory denominated from it and a Bishop's See seated upon the River Pelia which a little higher takes in the Chiana and three Miles lower falls into the Tiber twenty Miles from Viterbo to the North sixty from Rome and thirty from Perugia Very strong by its Situation being fenced on all sides by Rocks and steep Valleys or Precipices Orwell a River in the County of Suffolk upon whose Banks not only Ipswich but Stow Market and Needham are also situated Osaro See Serchio Osbor or Olbor Osborium The Geographers do not determine whereabouts in Germany it was that this Place stood But they omit not to mention it upon the account of a Council there assembled in the presence of the Emperor Henry IV. which condemn'd the Anti-Pope Honorius II. and confirm'd the Election of Pope Alexander II. Oseau Ossavus a small River in Bearn Osenburgh Osnaburgum Osnabrugum Osnabrucum a City of VVestphalia in Germany which is a Hanse Town and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Cologn instituted by Charles the Great in 776. It is seated upon the River Hasa eight German Miles from Munster to the South-East and fifteen from Oldenburgh to the South Famous for a Peace concluded here between the Emperor and the Crown of Sweden in 1648. This City is under the Dominion of its own Bishop who keeps his ordinary residence at Patersbourgh and called sometimes Osnabruck Not only the Parochial Churches are divided here amongst the Roman Catholicks and Lutherans but the Lutherans also have the Possession of three Prebends in the very Cathedral with a Voice Active in the Election of Dignitaries The Roman Catholick Prebendaries have Voices Active and Passive electing and to be elected § The Bishoprick of Osenburgh is a Tract of Germany under the Bishop of this Diocese by the Order of Charles the Great Bounded on the West and South with the Bishoprick of Munster on the East by the Principality of Minden and the County of Ravensperg from North to South forty Miles from East to West twenty five The Bishop of this Diocese is to be a Roman Catholick and a Lutheran by turns according to the Treaty made in this City in favour of the House of Brunswick Osero Absirtum Absortus Absorus Civitas Ausarensis an Island and City of its name upon the Coast of Dalmatia under the Venetians The City is a Bishop's
of Poland called by the Natives Poconk or Pocouth It is a part of the Territory of Halitz between the River Tyra now the Neister and the Borders of Transylvania and Walachia the principal Town is Sniatim upon the Pruth the rest Colomey and Martinow Podgarim Babylonia a Province in Asia Podolia Bodeni Budini Patzinacae Populi a Province of the Kingdom of Poland comprehended under the Red Russia of which it is a part and subject to a Palatine of its own Bounded on the North by Volhinia on the East by the Palatinate of Braslaw on the South by Wallachia and on the West by Russia properly so called or the Black Russia This Country extends Eastward through vast uninhabited Countries as far as the Euxine Sea They divide it ordinarily into the Vpper Podolia to the West and the Lower to the East The people are Russians by their Original conquered by the Poles and in the year 1434. admitted to the same Privileges with the rest of Poland by Vladislaus then King of Poland It is fruitful to a wonder yet more accommodated to the life of Beasts than Men. Could it enjoy a steady Peace it should not need to envy the Fertility of Italy or any other Country but being a Frontier against the Turks and Tartars and always exposed to their devouring Incursions it is but meanly inhabited and not much improved In the year 1672. it was yielded to the Turks a part of it has been retrieved since The principal place is Caminieck in the Vpper Podolia the rest are Tzudnow Bratzlaw in the Lower and Orczakow which last is in the hands of the Tartars Poictiers Pictavium Augustoritum Pictava Pictavorum Vrbs a City which is the Capital of the Province of Poictou in France a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Bourdeaux and a celebrated University founded by Charles VII in 1431. It stands upon the River Clain at its Confluence with another small River which there makes a large Lake fourteen Leagues from the Loyre to the South thirty from Saintes to the North and thirty five from Bourges to the West Famous for many Battels sought near it especially that of the Black Prince in the year 1356. In which John King of France was taken Prisoner together with many Lords and two thousand Knights and Esquires Fifty two Lords one thousand seven hundred Knights and Gentlemen were slain of the French Three French Battalions the least of which exceeded the English were intirely routed and in great part destroyed In the Reign of Charles VII King of France whilest the Victorious English were Masters of the Capital of the Kingdom the Parliament of Paris for some years sat here The old Castle by the Gate of S. Lazare is thought to have been the Work of the Romans who built besides an Amphitheatre and other Edisices yet apparent in their remains This City contains twenty four Parishes five Abbeys and divers Monasteries The Episcopal See became famous in the Primitive Times by the Person of S. Hilary Divers Councils have been celebrated at it In one Anno 1075. Berengarius appeared whilst the Doctrine of the Presence in opposition to his was received recognized and established Another under Pope Paschal II. excommunicated Philip I. King of France The Roman Catholicks took Poictiers from the Huguenots and plundered it in 1562. In 1569. the Huguenots under Admiral Coligny besieged it but were forced to rise without success Poictou Pictaviensis Provincia is a large Province in France which was a part of Aquitain whilest under the Romans and called by the Italians Poitu It s greatest extent is from East to West being bounded on the East by Touraine and la Marche on the North by Anjou and Bretagne on the West by the Bay of Aquitain or the British Sea and on the South by Saintonge and Angoulesme This Province was pillaged in the fifth Century by the Vandals Huns and Germans The Romans in the Reign of the Emperour Honorius left it to the Wisigoths whom Clovis the Grand expelled about the year 510. Then from the time of Charlemaigne it was under Sovereign Counts of its own till 1271 when upon a failure of the Line it was united to the Crown of France These Counts had for about nineteen several Successions attained the Title of Dukes of Guyenne Not to omit the the Descent of the Provinces of Guyenne and Poictou upon the Crown of England in 1152. by Eleanour Wise to Henry II. Nor the attempt made in 1242. though without success by Richard Earl of Cornwall Brother to King John to reduce Poictou under the Obedience of England again after the French pretended K. John had forfeited his Rights by the Death of Arthur The principal Towns next Poictiers are Chastelleraud Thouars S. Maxient Fountenay Loudun Niort Parthenay and Richelieu Poissy Pisciacum a Town in the Isle of France which has a Stone Bridge over the Seine six Leagues above Paris to the East S. Lewis King of France was born here in 1215. The heart of King Philip le Bel was interred in a Church here of his own foundation It has divers Religious Houses And in the last Age was more especially famous upon the account of a Conference of Religion betwixt the Roman Catholicks and Huguenots from September 4. 1560. to November 25. held in the presence of Charles IX King of France and Catherine de Medicis the Queen Regent assisted with the Princes of the Blood a great number of Cardinals Bishops Counsellors and Grandees of the Kingdom and Learned Men of both Religions Beza as the Head of the Reformed chiefly managing and bending his utmost force against the Doctrine of the Presence Pola Polia Julia Pietas a City and Colony in Istria mentioned by Strabo and Pliny still called by the same Name being one of the strongest Cities in Istria and a Bishops See under the Patriarch of Aquileja Seated on a Hill near the Shoars of the Adriatick Sea upon which it has a large Haven twenty eight Miles from Parenzo to the South sixty from Trieste and an hundred from Ancona to the North. Said to have been built by the Colchi Now under the States of Venice but small and not much inhabited it having not above seven or eight hundred Inhabitants The Venetians send a Governour however to it who takes the Title of a Count. It has a small Cittadel In the time of the Roman Empire this City as a Free State dedicated a Statue to Severus the Emperour it has several other noble Remains which speak its Greatness and Antiquity as Mr. Wheeler acquaints us in his Travels pag. 5. Long. 37. 00. Lat. 45. 04. Polan Bollia a River of Stiria Polana Monalus a River in the North of Sicily written in Baudrand Polina Poland Polenia is one of the principal Kingdoms in Europe called by the Natives Poloska by the Germans die Polen by the French Pologne by the Spaniards and Italians Polonia by the English Poland A part of the old Salmatia Europaea and has its
Pont sur Jonne three Leagues from Sens and for Pontroy or Pongoin in la Perche upon the Eure. Ponte Mole Milvius Pons an ancient Bridge belonging to the City of Rome over the Tiber. It lies two Miles above the City to the East Near this Bridge Maxentius was defeated and in his passage over the River drowned in the Year 312. By which Victory Constantine the Great obtained the Empire of the World Pontus an ancient Kingdom in the Lesser Asia betwixt Bithynia and Paphlagonia extended along the Pontus Euxinus or Black Sea and famous heretofore in the Person of Mithridates the Great its King who upon the News of the revolt of his Son Pharnaces against him killed himself in the Year of Rome 691. after a Reign of fifty seven years Heraclea Ponti was its Capital City The Romans reduced this Kingdom into a Province Ponza Pontia an Island of the Mediterranean upon the Coast of the Kingdom of Naples known by the banishment of divers famous Romans to it Ponzone a small Town in the Duchy of Montferrat in Italy It suffered very much in the Wars till the Peace at Quieras in 1631. Pool a Market and Borough Town and Port in Dorsetshire in the Hundred of Cogdean enclosed on all sides except Northward with an out let of the Sea called Luckford Lake and admitting an entrance into it by one Gate only Henry VI. first granted it the privilege of a Haven and leave to the Mayor to Wall it In this Haven the Sea ebbs and flows four times in twenty four hours It elects two Parliament Men and has the honor besides to be a County Corporate Potremoli Pontremulium a Town and Seigniory in Italy anciently called Apua at the Foot of the Apennine in the Eastern Borders of the States of Genoua fifteen Miles from Genoua to the East and eleven from Massa to the North. This Town and Seigniory in the Year 1650 was sold by the Spaniards to the Duke of Tuscany under whom it now is and has belonging to it a strong Castle Popayan Popaiana a great Province in South America in the Terra Firma towards the Mountains which on the West is bounded by the South Sea on the South by Peru on the East by New Granada and on the North by New Carthagena It s greatest extent is from North to South The Capital City of it is Popayan seated near the rise of the River of S. Martha one hundred and forty Miles from the South Sea to the East It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop de Sancta Fé d' Antiquera The other Cities are Caramanta Arma Sancta Anna d' Anzerma Carthagena Cali Amaguer and Agreda Under the Spaniards Popfingen Popfinga a small City in the Circle of Schwaben in Germany in the Tract of Riess upon the River Eger One Mile from Norlingen to the West An Imperial and Free City Porentru Brundusia a Town in Switzerland called by the Inhabitants Brontrut by the French Porentru The Seat of the Bishop of Basil and subject to him It stands in the Borders of Suntgow and the Higher Alsatia upon the River Halle three German Miles from Ferrette or Pfirt to the West and six from Basil The Tract in which it stands is called Elsgaw Pormon Thermodon a River of Cappadocia which falls into the Euxine Sea Poros an Island in the Gulph of Corinth or d' Engina between the Morea and Athens eighteen Miles in compass and very fruitful and populous Now under the Venetians Portalegre or Porto-Alegre Portus Alacris Amaea a City in Portugal in the Province of Alentejo towards the Borders of Extremadura which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Evora fourteen Miles from that City and twenty eight from Lisbon to the East thirty three from the Atlantick Ocean East Well fortified upon a River and giving the Title of a Count. Port-au-Prince a Town upon the South Coast of the Isle of Cuba in the West-Indies with a Port which drives a great Trade in Hides Port aux Prunes a Country in the North of the Isle of Madagascar Il Portatore Vfens a River in Campagna di Roma in the States of the Church which ariseth at a place called Casenoue two Miles from Sezze a Town in the same Province and falls into the Tyrrhenian Sea near Terracina sixty Miles from Naples to the West Portland Vindelis a small Peninsula in Dorsetshire which shoots into the British Sea about nine Miles from North to South The principal place in it is called Portland Castle built by Henry VIII Opposite to which towards Weymouth on the Land side stands Sandford Castle and these two together command all Ships that pass into the road here This Island belongs to the Church of Winchester by the Gift of Edward the Confessor It hath one Church on the South East side near the Sea affords Corn in good plenty and excellent pasture for Sheep but its Quarries of Stone of late much used in Building are its most remarkable Commodity Charles I. in 1632 Created Richard Lord Weston of Neyland Lord High Treasurer of England Earl of Portland which Title continued in the same Family for three successions in the Persons of Jeremy Son to Richard Charles Son and Heir to Jeremy and Thomas Weston Uncle to Charles Porto Puerto ein Port un Port a Port or Haven is a part of the Sea so inclosed and deep that Ships may safely ride in it Load and Unload whether it be made by Art or Nature All which vulgar Names in Italian Spanish German French and English are derived from the Latin Word Portus signifying the same thing Porto Portus Augusti Portus Romanus an Episcopal City which once stood at the Mouth of the Tiber in the States of the Church and had a considerable Port to it built by the Emperor Claudius then repair'd by Trajan But both that and the City for the unwholsomeness of the Air have been deserted and destroyed tho giving a title to one of the six Senior Cardinals Porto Port à Port and Cividad de Puerto Portus Cale is a great City and a considerable Mart in the Kingdom of Portugal at the Mouth of the Douro on the North Side of that River which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Braga and has a large safe and convenient Haven upon the Western Ocean within one League of which this City is built eight from Braga to the South and forty seven from Lisbon to the North. This City took its Name from Cale a Village near it and gave the Name of Portugal to the Kingdom before called Lusitania it being one of the first and most frequented Ports of that Kingdom Long. 11 15. Lat. 41. 10. Porto de Acaxutla a great and celebrated Port in New Spain in America in the Province of Guatimala upon the South Sea near Sancta Trinidada Porto Belo Portus Belus a new City in South America upon the Shoars of the North Sea which has a celebrated Haven secured by two strong Forts
entered upon the See by the Regal Authority against the Consent of the Metropolitan and the Bishops of the Province which Decree drew upon the Authors of it a fevere Prâ—secution from the Crown Saintonge or Xaintonge Santonia a great and fruitful Province of France bounded on the North by Poictou on the East by Angoumois on the South by the Garonne which separates it from Guienne and on the West by the Bay of Aquitain This was the Seat of the Santones an ancient Nation of the Galls its Capital is Saintes the other Cities of Note are Brouges S. Jean de Angely and Taillebourg The Rivers Garonne Charante Seudre c. water it They make great quantities of Salt in this Province The Romans had their Colonies in it who often deride the short Cloaks or Gowns worn by the ancient Gauls here as Martial Gallia Santonico vestit te Bardocucullo Cercopithecorum penula nuper erat The same habit towards the Sea Coasts is in use with the common People to this day This Province fell to the Crown of England together with Gascoigne Guienne c. by the Marriage of Eleanor of Guienne with K. Henry II. of England Sala the same with Saal Salado Salsum a River of Spain in Anddlusia called Guadajox which between Sivil and Corduba falls into the Guadalquivir Salamanca Salmantica a City in Spain called Vrbs Vettonum by Ptolemy and perhaps the same with Polybius his Elmantica it stands in the Kingdom of Leon upon the River Tormes a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Compostella and an University founded by Alfonsus IX King of Leon in the year 1200 which is one of the most considerable in that Kingdom adorned with noble Schools and a large Library About ten Leagues from Zamora to the South fourteen from the Borders of Portugal to the East and two and twenty from Valladolid to the South-West upon several Hills in a very unequal Situation of a small circuit ill built worse repaired most of the Houses being falling down and besides its Churches Monasteries and Colleges has nothing that deserves Regard Long. 14. 45. Lat. 41. 15. Salamis Salamine an ancient Archiepiscopal City in the Island of Cyprus which boasted of the honour of having its Church founded by the Apostle S. Barnabas whose Body was discovered to lye here in 485. It afterwards took the name of il Porto Costanzo or Constantia The Philosopher Anaxarchus suffered in this City the pounding to death in a mortar by the order of Nicocreon King of Cyprus with a singular constancy It is now utterly ruined Salamis an Island See Coluri Saâ—andra Salandrilla or Aâ—alandra a River in the Basilicate in the Kingdom of Naples passing by Risetto and thence called also Piume di Rosetto to the gulph of Taranto Salawar Zalawar or Zalad a County in the Lower Hungary upon the Borders of Stiria with the Drave to the South and the County of Vesprin to the North. Kanisa stands in this County upon the River Sala But the Capital Town of it bears the same name of Salawar Sale Sala a City ascribed in ancient time by Ptolemy to Mauritania Tingitana seated at the Mouth of a River of the same Name on the Shoars of the Kingdom of Fez on the Atlantick Ocean A place of great Trade and has a noble Habor but it is an infamous Nest of Piratâ— It was heretofore a Common-Wealth now under the King of Fez who is Master of the Castle It stands one hundred Miles from Fez to the West and Tangier to the South Almanesor one of the Moorish Kings much beautified it and was after buried in it The Spaniards took it in 1287 who lost it in ten days again in 1632. King Charles I. sent a Fleet against this City which blocked it up by Sea whilst the King of Morocco besieged it by Land and by this means brought it under the Works being levelled and those Rogues Executed for which King Charles had three hundred Christian Captives sent him as a Recompence a Reward worthy of that Holy King Long. 6. 40. Lat. 33. 50. Sale the same with Saal Sale Sala a River in Quercy a Province of France Sale Sala a Province of the Kingdom of Bosnia Salefica Saleucia a City in Cilicia in the Lesser Asia which is a Bishops See under the Patriarch of Antioch It stands seventy Miles from Tarsus to the West and twelve from the Shoars of the Mediterranean Sea to the North called by Niger Seleschia Long. 64. Lat. 38. 40. Salentini the ancient Inhabitants of Terra di Otranto in the Kingdom of Naples in the Roman times Salerno Salernum Salerna a City in the Kingdom of Naples which was a Roman City and Colony called by Strabo and Livy Vrbs Picentinorum Now an Archbishops See a Principality and the Capital of the Hither Principato It stands upon the River Busanola upon the Shoars of the Tyrrhenian Sea upon which it has a Bay called by its own Name and a safe and large Haven twenty four Miles from Naples to the South-East and thirty from Benevento to the South Long. 38. 44. Lat. 40. 33. This Archbishoprick was founded by Pope Boniface VII in 974. The Body of S. Matthew the Apostle is said to be in this Place Pope Gregory VII died here in 1085. It has a Castle and many Antiquities which are the Remainders of the Roman Works When Naples had distinct Kings the Title of this place belonged to the eldest Son of that Kingdom In the years 1615. and 1579. there were two small Councils held at it Salettes a Carthusian Nunnery of great note and quality upon the frontiers of Dauphine in France toward la Bresse Salfeâ—â—d an Abbey in Thuringia in Germany Salii an ancient People of Provence in France who as we find in Strabo Mela c. extended themselves from about Aix as far as to Nice § There was another Nation of the Salii in the Tract now called Sallant from them in Overyssel in the Low Countries Saline Didyme one of the Liparee Islands belonging to Sicily twelve Miles in circuit and fruitful in Allum Near this place the Dutch received a great Defeat from the French at Sea in 1676. Baudrand The Italians call it Didimo Salino Suinus a River in the Kingdom of Naples which springeth out of the Apâ—â—hine and â—inning through the Further Abruzzo watering Pennâ— a City of that Province and Pescara falls into the Gulph of Venice Salingstede Salinâ—stadium a Town in Franconia upon the Maine four Miles above Franck fort to the East By Charles the Great made a Bishap's See but in 780 this Chair was removed to Hailbâ—une It was then a very great City since become subject to the Bishop of Mentz Salins Salinae a strong City in the Franche Comté upon the River Forica eight Loagues from Dole to the East and fifty eight from Geneva to the North. It is seated in a fruitful Valley betwixt two Mountains called Scoding which has been the reason why this City in the Latin
the Frozen Sea lying on both sides of the River Obb which is subject to the Czars but in such manner that the People are almost free This is a part of the Ancient Scythia or Sarmatia and had this Name given them by the Russ which signifies Self-Eaters it being their Custom to eat Mans Flesh even that of their nearest Relations mixed with Venison to this day They have no Cities yet they are no wandring Nation their Cabbins or Huts are built one half above and the other beneath the Earth with an hole at the top which serves both for a Door and a Chimney the Snow rising sometimes the depth of a Pike above the Earth they have also Passages under the ground to go from Caban to Caban at such times for six Months of the year they have a perpetual Night and the rest perpetual Day They have neither Wooll nor Corn their Food is Fish dried in the Wind and Sun Honey and Venison their Cloaths are the Skins of Beasts dressed with the Plair on and sewed with the Nerves of Beasts instead of Thread which by mixing various Colours they will so diversifie as to represent Forest Works and Flowers as they please They are low oâ— Stature have large flat Faces small Eys short Legs and wear their Hair very long Till of late they were Pagan Idolaters When the Dutch in 1595. discovered these Coasts there were great numbers of Idols upon the Shoar of which they would not suffer the Hollanders to carry any one away they have been since converted to Christianity and baptized by one Uâ—adimer a Bishop who was sent to them by the Russ Olâ—arius Samosata the Capital City of the ancient Comagena in Syria which since the times of Christianity hath been a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Edessa A noted place for giving Birth to Lucian and Paulus Samosatâ—nus the condemned Patriarch of Antioch Now called Schemsâ—â— San Sanus a River of Poland which arising from the Carpathian Mountains in the Borders of Hungary and running through Red Russia by Przemislaw and Jaroslaw two Cities of that Province and being by this time augmented by some other Rivers entreth the Lesser Poland and at Sendomir falls into the Vistula Sana Sanaa the Capital City of the Happy Arabia equal to Damascus and being seated upon a Mountain said to enjoy a very temperate Air. It stands fifty Miles from the Red Sea Hoffman supposeth it to be the same with Pliny's Saphar Sanbich or Sanabach a Market Town in Cheshire in the Hundred of Northwich upon the River Welock Sancerre Sacrum Cereris Sacro-Caesarinum a Town in the Dukedom of Berry in France upon the Loyre It stands on an advanced ground fortified heretofore with a Castle and other Works till it was taken from the Huguenots in 1573. by Famine and demolished Sandeez Sandecium a City of the Lesser Poland in the Palatinate of Cracovia upon the River Dunaick towards the Mountains ten Polish Miles from Cracow to the South It stands at the foot of the Carpathian Hills well fortified and the Capital of the Territory in which it stands Sandham a Town in the South-East parts of the Isle of Wight upon a Bay of its own name fortified with a Castle Sando Sandum a City in Japan on the North side of the Island of Niphonia Sandwich Rutupiae is now a small Corporation on the Eastern Coast of Kent above eight Miles from Dover to the North and the same distance from Canterbury to the East This Town sprung up out of the Ruâ—s of Rutupiae an old Roman City which falling into decay under the Saxons was intirely ruined by the Danes Sandwich the Daughter also felt the fury of the Danes but she got up again and in the Norman tâ—â—es was one of the Cinque Ports Lewis Dauphine of France burnt it in 1217. Edward III. recovered it from Christ-Church in Canterbury to which it had been given by Canutus the Dane when he was crowned King of England by exchange and reunited it to the Crown of England In the Reign of Henry VI. it was burnt by the French But its greatest Calamity was the sinking of a great Ship belonging to Pope Paul IV. in the very entry of the Haven which proved an incurable Mischief The Dutch in some degree contributed to the Consolation of these Misfortunes by settling a Trade of Bay-making in it Charles II. honoured it by creating Edward Baron Montague of S. Neots Viscount Hinchinbrook and Earl of Sandwich July 12. 1660. who was slain in a Sea-Fight May 28. 1672. and succeeded by Edward his eldest Son Sangari Sangarius Angarius a River of the Lesser Asia which arising out of the Mountain Dindymus and flowing through the Greater Phrygia falls into the Euxine Sea in Bithynia Now called also Zagari Sacari and Acada its out-let is thirty seven Italian Miles West of Nicomedia and sixty two East of Heraclea as Strabo saith Sanglayes the Chinese of the Philippine Islands Sangro Sarus Sagrus a River and a Castle in Abruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples Sanguesa Oppidum Suessitanorum Sangossa a small City in the Kingdom of Navarr upon the River Aragon thirteen Spanish Leagues from Calahorra a City of Old Castile to the East and eight from Pampelune to the North-East It was a Roman Town Sanguinara Alesus a small River in S. Peter's Patrimony in the States of the Church in Italy which arising near the Lake di Bracciano and running South falls into the Tyrrhenian Sea twenty Miles from Rome toward Civita Vecchia Santen Santae Castra Vetera Trajana Colonia Xanthus Santena a small Town of great Antiquity in the Dukedom of Cleve not far from the Rhine two German Miles from the Wesel to the West Nimeguen to the East and Gelders to the North. This was the Birth-place of S. Norbert the Founder of the Order of the Praemonstratenslan Monks Santerini an Island of the Archipelago towards Europe sixty Miles from Candia and about thirty in Circumference Called by the Ancients Thera Philatera and Calistus By Italians Santa Irene whence come Sainterini and Santerini It hath the name besides of Gozi Inhabited by Latin and Greek Christians each under their respective Bishop but the former are far the most numerous It affords no Springs nor Rivers nor Corn and not much Wine being a dry parched Soil troubled with Subterraneous Mines of Sulphur which sometimes break out into Flames and cast up Stones into the Air with wonderful violence Barley Hirse Melons and Cucumbers are its ordinary product and Linnen its Manufacture for Water it depends upon the Rain The principal Castles in it are S. Nicholas Scaro Pirgo and Crotiri Santerno Vatrenus a River in Tuscany in Italy which springing out of the Apennine and flowing Northwards by Imola falls into the Po beneath Argenta twenty Miles above Ravenna to the West Santerre Sanguitersa a Tract in Picardy in France between Vermandois to the East and Amiens to the West in which are the Towns of Peronne Roye Neste and Mont
Territory of Padoua in Italy Sclavonia the Southern Province of the Lower Hungary called by the Italians Schiavonia by the Germans die Sclavinien by the Poles Slovienska Ziemia The middle Ages under this Name comprehended Illyricum Dalmatia Croatia Bosnia and this which is now called Sclavonia On the North it has the Drave a great River which parts it from the Lower Hungary on the East the Danube on the South the Save which divides it from Croatia Bosnia and Servia and on the West Carniola and Stiria The length of it from the Town of Kopranitz in the West to the fall of the Drave into the Danube in the East is fifty German Miles its breadth from the Drave to the Save twelve This Country was first possessed by the Pannonians after that by the Goths about 386 who were Conquered by the Sclaves about 550. About 1200. these People became Tributaries to the Kings of Hungary About 1544. this Country was first subdued by Solyman the Magnificent In 1687. after the Battel of Mohats the Turkish Army mutining against the Prime Vizier all this Country except Gradisca submitted to the Emperor the Turks deserting it without any blows The German̄s upon their return were very well pleased with the Fertility of it The Chief Towns in it are Gradisca Esseck and Possega which is the Capital City The Inhabitants are great lovers of War and pray for nothing more earnestly than that they may die with their Arms in their Hands Scodra a City of Illyricum attributed by Livy and Ptolemy to Dalmatia and in those times the Seat of the Kings of Illyricum Now the Capital City of Albania and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Antivari great and populous it stands upon the River Boiana Barbana twenty four Miles from the Adriatick Sea and eighty from Ragusa to the North East Twice besieged by the Turks under Mahomet II. without success and in 1478. resigned to them for a Peace by the Venetians The Inhabitants call it Scadar the Turks Iscodar and the Italians Scutari The Lake Labeatis out of which the Boiana Springs takes the name now of the Lake of Sclitari Long. 44. 20. Lat. 42. 24. Scone Scona a celebrated Abbey in the County of Perth upon the Tay three Miles from S. Johnston to the North West in which the Kings of Scotland for many Ages were Crowned Scopia Scapi a City of the Vpper Moesia and the Capital of Dardania in the Borders of Macedonia in the times of Ptolemy now called Scopia by the Italians and Vschub by the Turks It is a great populous City in Servia an Archbishop's See and the Seat of the Sangiack of Servia feated in a fruitful Plain upon the River Vardar over which it has a Stone Bridge of twelve Arches one hundred Miles from Thessalonica to the North-West ten from Sophia to the West and about the same distance from Giustandil to the South The River upon which it stands falls into the Bay of Thessalonica Scotland Scotia is the second Kingdom in Great Britain called by the French l' Escosse by the Italians Scotia by the Germans Schottlandt On the East it is bounded by the German Ocean on the North by the Deucalidonian Sea and the Isles of Orkney on the West by the Vergivian Ocean and the Irish Sea on the South by the River Tweed the Cheviot Hills and the adjacent Tract to Solway Sands whereby it is separated from England Solway Fyrth lies in deg 56. of Latitude and the most Northern point lies in 60 30. by which it should be three hundred and fifteen English Miles in length Polydore Virgil reckons four hundred and eighty its breadth is no where above sixty and its form Triangular with many great Inlets and Arms of the Ocean which indent both the Eastern and Western sides of it The Soil especially towards the North is generally barren affords little Timber and no Fruit Trees The Southern parts are more fruitful the Air in both sharp and cold It is divided into two parts the Southern and the Northern by Dunbritain and Edenburgh Fyrth The South part called the Low-Lands is fuller of Cities and great Towns the People are more rich and better civilized as not only Inhabiting a better Country but driving a Trade at Sea The Northern or High-Lands are more barren and poor the Inhabitants accordingly patient of want and hunger and very temperate in their Diet without which Virtues they could not subsist South Scotland is divided into twenty one North Scotland into thirteen Counties For the Ecclesiastical Government they have two Archbishops S. Andrews who has eight and Glascow who has three Suffragan Bishops under him In the times of the Romans this Country was called Caledonia and Albania the People Picts from their custom of Painting their Bodies The Romans never extended their Conquests beyond the South of Scotland because they thought the Northern and barrener parts not worth their pains The remaining Inhabitants after the withdrawing of the Roman Garrisons from the Northern parts of Britain became very troublesome to the Britains and forced them to call in the Saxons about 449 who Conquered the South parts of Scotland and possess it to this day The Scots or Irish about the same time entered the Western parts of Scotland and by degrees united first with the Picts or Highlanders by their assistance Conquered the Saxons and gained the Sovereignty of that whole Kingdom But there being no Letters here the Story of these times is very dark which has occasioned great Controversies concerning the time of the Scots coming out of Ireland About 839 the Picts were intirely subdued by Kenneth II. first sole King of all Scotland This Line continued under twenty three Princes to 1285. When Alexander III. dying without Issue there began a tedious and bloody contest about the Succession which was referred to Edward I. of England who adjudged the Crown to John Baliol an Englishman He Rebelling against his Benefactor was defeated by that Prince who following his blow made himself Master of Scotland and kept it to his death In 1307. Robert Bruce the other Competitor overthrew the English established himself King of Scotland and Reigned till 1332 when the Kingdom divided again between Edward Baltol and David Bruce which latter prevailed at first against his Competitor but fell under the power of the English where he was many years a Prisoner In 1371. Rob. II. Surnamed Steward descended from the eldest Daughter of David Bruce succeeded In 1602. James VI. the ninth in this Line succeeded after Queen Elizabeth to the Crown of England as Descended both by Father and Mother from Margaret the eldest Daughter of Henry VII King of England the whole Line of Henry VIII being extinguished The Christian Religion was Planted here by different Persons and at several times The Saxon Scots were Converted by Aidan the first Bishop of Lindisferne about 635. The South-Eastern by Nimas Bishop of Candida Casa or White Herne about 555. The Highlanders or
and with it into the Ocean Seyde Sidon by the Germans called Said is a City of Phoenicia in Syria upon the Shores of the Mediterranean North of Tyre about a League distant from the remains of the ancient Sidon Sister to Tyre in the Scripture for its Sins and the Punishments of them A populous City full of Merchants and Artisans of all Nations driving a great Trade in Cotton and Silk The Franciscans Capuchins and Jesuits have each their Chappels the Turks seven or eight Mosques and the Jews one Synagogue here The Maronites of Mount Libanus and the Armenian Greeks enjoy the like Liberties Without the City appear many Gardens of Oranges Citrons Tamarines Palm-trees and the Fig-trees of Adam so called because bearing a Leaf of the length of six foot and the breadth of two Adam it is supposed covered his nakedness with them It hath two small Fortresses but so far ruined as to remain indefensible The Turks keep a a Sangiack here under the Bassaw of Damascus a Cady or Judge and an Aga of the Janizaries The French a Consul All which Officers are handsomely lodged the rest of the Houses are ill built The Harbor formerly was capable of receiving many and great Vessels but is now choaked with Sand to that degree as to admit only of Skiffs whilst Ships lye in the road behind the Rocks for Shelter In the Christian times it was a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Tyre The Eutychians held Council here of twenty four Bishops in 512 under the protection of the Emperour Anastasius In 1260 the Tartars became Masters of it from whom the Turks obtain'd it about one hundred and fifty years since There is now a Caemetery upon a part of the Mountain Antilibanus in the place where the Old Sidon stood for the use of the Christians of Seyde And the Maronites have a poor Chappel by it Seyne See Seine ◠Sezza Setia a City of Campagna di Roma in Italy of good Antiquity mentioned by Martial It is said to have sometime been a Bishop's See though not now Du Val places an Epispocal City of the same name in the Terra di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples Sfacchia Leuci a Range of Mountains in the Territory of Cydonia on the West side of the Island of Candy which gave name to the Sfacciotes who signalized themselves by their valiant resistance against the Turks when they endeavoured the ravishing that Island from the Seigniory of Venice of late years Shaftsbury Septonia a Town upon the Stoure in the North-East Borders of Dorsetshire towards Wiltshire seated in the form of a Bow on an high Hill which affords it a serene Air and a large delightful Prospect but deprives it very much of Water In the times of the Norman Conquest it had one hundred and four Houses and after this ten Parish Churches now three with about 500 Houses built of the Freestone of its own Hill Some write King Canutus the Dane died here This Town was built by King Alfred in 880 as Mr. Cambden proves from an old Inscription mentioned in William of Malmesbury In 1672 Charles II. created Anthony Ashley Cooper then Lord Chancellor of England Earl of Shaftsbury who died in Holland and his Son succeeded him in this Honour Shannon Shennyn or Shennonon Senus Sinejus a River in Ireland which is one of the principal in that Kingdom It ariseth in the County of Roscomon in the Province of Connaught out of Mount Slewnern and flowing Southward through Letrim forms a vast Lake called Myne Eske and Ree towards the North end of which on the East side stands Letrim in the middle Longford towards the South Ardagh on the West side Elphem and Roscomon and at some distance from the Lake to the South Athlone Beneath which comes in from the West the Logh a vast River from three other Lakes more to the West called Garoch Mesks and Ben-Carble on the East it receives the Anney so passing by Bannogh and Clonfort to the Lake of Derg at Kiloe it leaves that Lake and passeth to Limerick where it turns full West and between Munster to the South and Connaught to the North enters the Vergivian Ocean by a Mouth five Miles wide between Cape Leane and Cape Sanan having in this Course separated Leinster and Munster from Connaught Shap a large Village in the County of Westmorland in Westward near the River Lowther in which in the Reign of Henry I Thomas Son of Jospatrick founded an Abbey and the same was the only Abbey in this County There is near this Town a noted Well which ebbs and flows often in a day and a perfect Bow of vast Stones some nine foot high and fourteen thick pitch'd at equal distances from each other for for the space of a Mile Sheale a Town in the Bishoprick of Durham in Chester-ward upon the Mouth of the River Tine The Newcastle Coal-Fleet takes its Cargo here Sheffield a large well-built Market-town in the West riding of Yorkshire in the hundred of Strafford upon the River Dun of particular note for Iron Wares even in Chaucer's time who describes a Person with a Sheffield VVhittle by his side It shews the ruines of one of the five Castles formerly seated upon the same River Dun in the compass of ten Miles Corn especially is much bought up here for the supply of some parts of Derby and Nottingham shires as well as Yorkshire Shefford a Market Town in Bedfordshire in the Hundred of Clifton situated between two Rivulets which below it join to fall in one Stream into the Avon Sheppey Shepey Toliapis an Island on the Eastern Coast of Kent at the Mouth of the Thames and Medway Separated by the River Medway from Kent and on all other sides surrounded with the Sea About eight Miles long and six broad Fruitful in Pasturage and well watered especially on the South by Rivers The Danes Earl Goodwin his Sons and their Adherents much harassed it in former times Queensborough is its chief Town it hath several other Towns besides and hath been honoured with the Title of an Earldom in the Lady Dacres Countess of Shepey Shepton-Mallet or Malley a large Market Town in Somersetshire in the hundred of VVhiston Shipton a Market Town in VVorcestershire in the hundred of Oswalderston upon the River Stower It stands in a slip of the County taken off from VVarwickshire Shirburne Clarus Fons a Town and Castle in the North-West of Dorsetshire on the Borders of Somersetshire upon a River of the same Name which afterwards falls into the Parret the Capital of its Hundred Built on the side of an Hill in a fruitful and pleasant Country and much increased in the number of its Inhabitants and its Wealth by the Cloathing Trade In 704. a Bishop's See was erected here translated afterwards to Sunning and thence to Salisbury The Family of the Digbys Earls of Bristol are Barons of Shirburne § Also a Market Town in the West riding of Yorkshire in the Hundred of
Barkstow upon a small stream falling into the VVarfe and the Ouse at the place of their Conjunction This Town is noted for the Stone-quarries near it well inhabited and provided with a Free-School Shoreham a Market Town in the County of Sussex in Bramber Rape by the Sea side Shrewsbury Salopia the principal City in Shropshire is seated upon the Severne on the top of an Hill of Red Earth in the middle of that County The River runs almost round the Town and is covered by two lovely Bridges Roger of Montgomery in the Reign of VVilliam the Conqueror built on the North side of it a strong Castle which added much to its strength he founded a stately Abbey in it whose remains are extant still It was then a very considerable Place Nor is it after so many Ages sunk in its Wealth Riches or People but still a goodly City and the Centre of the Trade between VVales and England Near this City in 1463 was a sharp Battel fought between Henry IV. and Henry Percie Earl of Northumberland on the behalf of Edward Mortimer Earl of March as the right Heir of the Crown of England after Richard II. In 1067 Roger de Montgomery Earl of Arundel was by the Conqueror created Earl of Shrewsbury His Posterity enjoyed it till 1102 in three descents and then were divested of it In 1442 John Talbot Marshal of France a Person of great Worth and Conduct and the terror of France was by Henry VI made Earl of this City which Honour is enjoyed by his Posterity to this day Charles Talbot the twelfth of this Line succeding in 1667. Shrewsbury contains now five Parish Churches denominates a Lath is encompassed with a strong Wall with a Bulwark that ranges from the Castle to the Severn and is represented in the lower House of Parliament by two Burgesses First supposed to have taken its rise from the ruines of the ancient Vriconium which stood not far from it Shropshire Salopia is bounded on the North by the County Palatine of Chester on the East by Staffordshire on the South by Worcester Hereford and Radnorshires on the West by Montgomery and Denbigh It s length from North to South is thirty four its breadth from East to West twenty five and the circuit about one hundred thirty four English Miles wherein lye one hundred and seventy Parishes and fifteen Market Towns The Air of it is gentle and healthful the Soil rich and fruitful abounding in Wheat Barley Pit-Coals Iron and Wood. The Severne which is the second River of England divides this County almost in the middle receiving into it the Camlet the Morda the Mele the Roddon the Terne the VVorse and some others on the South it has the Temde which receives the Bradfield Onke Omey Quenny Stradbrook Corve Ledwich and Rea all which and some other Rivers water and enrich the South part of this County so that it may very well be one of the most fruitful and best peopled Counties in England The Principal City is Shrewsbury Siam a City and Kingdom beyond the Ganges in the Further East Indies The Kingdom is bounded on the North by the Kingdoms of Pegu and Ava on the East Cambaya Lao Jancoma and Tangu on the South the Bay of its own Name and on the West by the Bay of Bengale making by this form of its situation a Demicircle of about four hundred and fifty Leagues Some assign it a far greater extent and bound it by Pegu and Lao on the North the Chinian and Indian Oceans to the East and West with the Kingdom of Malaca to the South And this way it makes a great Peninsula It is certain the King of Siam keeps several other Kingdoms and Principalities tributary to him and his Country being blessed with a good Air a fertile Soil Mines of Lead Tin Silver and Gold tho of a base Alloy with store of Ivory and being visited continually by Vessels from Japan China Cochinchina Tonquin the Sound and the Philippine Islands from all parts of the Hither East Indies and from Arabia Persia and the Kingdoms of Europe it affords the enjoyment of every thing almost that is valuable Whilst the Sun is in the Northern Signs from March to September the Fields are generally overflown by the Rivers which much contributes to the fertility of them for the Ear of the Rice mounts above the height of the Waters The King of Siam was Master heretofore of Malaca see Malaca Of late himself became a Tributary to the King of Pegu see Pegu. But he is very absolute over and served with the profoundest Adoration by his own Subjects The English French and Dutch have each their Factories in this Kingdom The Portuguese and Armenians Moors and Chinese settle here in great Numbers being allowed dwellings in the City Siam by a Favour not made common to all Nations Siam the City stands in an Island that is formed by the River Menan surpassing in the richness of its Temples most of the proudest Cities in the Indies and its Palace Royal where the King resides built by the River side is of an extent sufficient to denominate a City of it self In 1634 the Dutch built themselves a House in Siam whichâ—is one of the best belonging to their Company in these Indies Siangyang Siangyanum a City in the Province of Huquam in the Kingdom of China The Capital over six other Cities Siara a small City in Brasil upon the North Sea which is the Capital of a Province has a large safe Haven and a Castle but not very populous Under the Portuguese 〈◊〉 a Kingdom under the Great Mogul in the East-Indies towards the Fountains of Ganges and Mount Caucasus betwixt Naugracut and Pitane Siben Sabiona now a Castle only but formerly a City in the County of Tirol and a Bishop's See It is seated upon the River Eysock ten Miles from Brixia whither the Brishoprick is removed to the South-West Siberia a Province of great extent under the Crown of Muscovy towards the river Obb in the Desart Tartary between the Provinces of Condora Legomoria and Permia Some few years since first discovered all covered with uninhabited Woods Marshes and desolate Countries having only a few Inhabitants which have a particular Language of their own and not the use of Bread The Moscovites have of late built the Cities Tobolsk upon the River Yâ—â—im and Siber on the Obb here and united both in one Archbishoprick At the former the Vice Duke under the Grand Duke of Moscovy resides he commands over both Siberia and Samoyeda They have also set up Churches in divers places for the Moscovian Christians Sicambri a People of the ancient Germany placed by most about the now Province of Guelderland in the Vnited Netherlands betwixt the Maes and the Rhine By others upon the banks of the Mayne Strabo calls them Sugambri Ptolemy Synganbri The Bructeri were a part of their Dependents Sichem an ancient City of the Territory of Samaria in Palestine in the
Region of the ancient Asia betwixt the Two Scythia's Margiana Bactriana and the Caspian Sea now answering to the Province of Mawralnaher or Maurenhaer in the Asiatick Tartary North-East of Persia Soisons Suessiones Suessia Civitas Augusta Suessionum an ancient Roman City in the Isle of France which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Reims and the Capital of a County called Le Soissonnois A great fine strong City seated upon the River Aisne which divides it five Leagues from the Confines of Picardy eleven from Reims to the West and twenty two from Paris Pepin was first proclaimed King of France in this City in 752. Soissonnois the District belonging to it was heretofore a part of Picardy it lies between Reims to the East Picardy to the North Valois to the West and Le Brie to the South It took this name from the Suessones an old Gallick Tribe which inhabited it before the Roman Conquest Honoured for many Ages with the Title of an Earldom The City hath six Abbeys in it besides Churches and divers Ecclesiastical and Religious Houses In 853. a Council was assembled at it in the presence of Charles the Bald King of France Solane Solana a small River in Aquitain in France which in the Province of Limosine falls into the Courezze by the City of Tulle Solao Salaca a Province of the Higher Aethiopia near the River Tacaz between the Kingdom of Bagamidra to the South and the Province of Arbagela to the North. Soldin the same with Seleusia Pieria a City of Syria Soleurre Salodurum Salodorum a City of Switzerland which is the Capital of a Canton called by its name The Natives call it Soleurre the Germans Solothurn the Italians Soloduro It stands upon the River Arola seven Miles from Basil to the South and from Friburg to the North and five from Berne to the same The Canton is the eleventh in the number small and Roman Catholick Solfarin a small Seigniory or Lordship in Mantoua Solms Solmia a County in Germany which has its Name from a ruined Town on the River Lohne It lies extended from North to South part in Westerwaldt and part in Weteraw between Hassia to the East and Treves to the West under its own Count whose Residence is in the Castle of Brunsfeld Soloe or Soli the Birth-place of the ancient Greek Poet Aratus This City is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Seleucia It stands in Cilicia in Asia Minor and took for some time the name of Pompeiopolis from its re-establishment by Pompey the Great Pliny mentions it upon the account of a Fountain it anciently had of an extraordinary quality Now called Palesoli Sologne Solonia Sicalonia a small Province under the Prefecture of Orleans by Latin Writers also called Secalonia Sigalonia Siligonta and Sabulonia being a Sandy Country particularly fruitful in Wheat and Rice It lies between the Provinces of Orleans Berry and Blaisois but its proper Limits are lost The principal Town in it is Romorentin eight Leagues from Bois South and fourteen from Bourges North. The Islands of Solomon a Mass of great Islands in the Pacifick Sea towards New Zelandt discovered by Alvarez Mendoza in 1567. but little frequented by the Europeans The names of some of them are S. George S. Mark S. Nicholas S. Anne S. Catherine the Three Maries S. James S. Christopher S. Jerome c. Solothurn See Soleure Solpe a City and Bishop's See in the Province called Capitanota in the Kingdom of Naples Solsona a City in Catalonia in Spain which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Tarragona made such in 1593. by Pope Clement VIII It stands upon the River Cordoner at the foot of the Mountains about three Leagues from Cardona to the North. A small ill peopled Place though it has been fortified by the French Soltwedel Heliopolis Solvedelia a City in the ancient Marquisate of Brandenburg upon the River Jetz eight German Miles from Vlcan to the East and ten from Havelburg The Inhabitants report it was built by Charles the Great after he had destroyed a Statue of the Sun which was worshipped in this Place Solwey Fryth Ituna an Arm of the Irish Sea which parts England from Scotland Somersetshire Belgae Durotriges Somersetia is a rich populous and fruitful County in the West of England Bounded on the North by the Severne Sea and Glocestershire cut off by the Severne on East by Wiltshire on the South by Dorsetshire and part of Devonshire on the West by Devonshire and the Irish Sea It contains in length from East to West fifty Miles in breadth forty in circuit two hundred and four wherein lie three hundred eighty five Parishes and thirty Market Towns The Air is mild and gentle in the Summer the Roads are extremely miry and deep in the Winter which is recompenced by the Fertility of the Soil yielding Corn and Grass in great plenty nor is it destitute of Mines of Lead Whence comes the usual Proverb here What is worse for the Rider is best for the Abider These Mines are found particularly in Mendip-Hills It has also a Rock called S. Vincent's Rock where are found great plenty of Diamonds equal to those of India in their Lustre but not in hardness It has three Noble Cities Bristol Bath and Wells all which are discoursed of in their proper places The Rivers Parret Tor Tone Frome and others water it besides the Severne's Mouth The first Earl of this County was William de Mohun created in 1138. The second Willam Long-Espee Base Son to Henry II. in 1197. The third Reginald de Mohun in 1296. The fourth John de Beauford in 1396. In which Family it continued till 1471. in six Descents The tenth was Edmond third Son of Henry VI. in 1496. The eleventh Henry Fitz Roy a Base Son of Henry VIII The twelfth Edward Seymor Lord Protector of Edward VI. created Duke in 1546. beheaded in 1552. The thirteenth was William Carre in 1614. The fourteenth William Seymor Marquess of Hartford restored to his Great-Grand father's Title of Duke of Somerset by Charles II. in 1660. since which time there have been five Descents in this Family Somerton a Market Town in Somersetshire The Capital of its Hundred of great consideration heretosore when it is said to have given Name to its County Somme or Some Phrudis Somona Samara a River in Picardy in France which ariseth in a place called Fon Somme in Vermandois two Leagues from S. Quintin to the West and running West watereth Han Peronne Corbie Amiens Abbeville and S. Valery where it falls into the British Sea twelve French Leagues South of Boulogne over against Rye in Sussex having divided Picardy into two parts Sommiers Sommeria a small City in the Lower Languedoc upon the River Vidole four Leagues from Mompellier to the South-East and the same distance from Nismes Once a fortified City Songo a City of the Kingdom of Madingua in the division of Nigritia in Africa Sonneburg one of the chief Towns in the Island
Founder of the University of Paris borrowed those Lights which have since glittered there About 867 the Danes had so weakened this City the second time that Osbright and Ella Kings of Northumberland brake easily through its VValls and fought the Danes in the City where both these valiant Princes were slain and the Danes remained Masters of it It was recovered again out of the Hands of the Danes by King Athelstane in 928 and was a City of sixteen hundred and twenty eight Mansions in the Reigns of Edward the the Confessor and William the Conqueror In 1069 the fourth year of the Conqueror's Reign Sweno the Dane and Edgar Atheling the lawful Prince of England with the Scots attacking this place the Normans siring the Suburbs the City took fire too and the Enemy entring at the same time Fire and Sword almost destroyed it Those few Citizens which escaped were made a Sacrifice to the Jealousie of William the Conqueror In the Reign of King Stephen Egberts Library the Cathedral and a great part of the City was burnt by a casual Fire Nor was the Cathedral rebuilt before the Reign of Edward I. At which time the Citizens also rebuilt the Walls of the City Richard II. made it a County incorporate by it self Annexing a small Territory to it on the West side in which the Archbishops of York enjoy the Rights of Palatines Richard III. began the Repair of the Castle which ended with his short Reign Henry VIII erected here a Court of Chancery for the North not much unlike the Parliaments of France which lasted till the War in 1640 put a period to it Charles I. retired hither in 1641 when the Tumults of London forced him from thence This City stood firmly to him and had certainly restored him to his rightful Dominion and Authority had not the Scots broke their Faith and entred England the second time in 1644 who joyning with Manchester and Fairfax besieged this City with three Armies Prince Rupert came up and relieved it July 31. But the Kings Forces being defeated at Marstonmoor soon after July 16. this Loyal City was delivered up to the Parliament upon Honorable Terms and ill kept by the prosperous Rebels Long. 22 25. Lat. 54. 10. Cambden Yorkshire Eboracensis Comitatus the far greatest County of England Divided for Civil Affairs into three Ridings or smaller Counties Bounded on the North by the Bishoprick of Durham cut off by the River Tees on the West by Lancashire and Westmoreland on the South by Cheshire Darbyshire Nottingham and Lincolnshire cut off by the Humber On the whole Eastern side it is beaten by the German Sea In length from North to South near seventy Miles in breadth eighty in compass three hundred and eight inclosing five hundred and sixty three Parishes and forty nine Market Towns with many Chappels of Ease as large and populous as Parishes The East-riding is comprehended betwixt the River Derwent and the Sea being the least The North-riding extends as far as Westmorland and the West-riding which is the largest is bounded by the two other Ridings to the North the Counties of Derby and Nottingham with Cheshire to the South Lincolnshire to the East and Lancashire to the West The Air is generally temperate the Earth fruitful Affords besides Corn and Grass excellent Mines of Coal and Lead and Quarries of Stone Beside the Tees and Humber its mentioned boundaries and the Dun which separates a part of it from Lincolnshire Herâ— is the Swale You re Nyd Warfe Are Calder Derwent all falling into the Ouse at or below York and the Hull falling into the Humber at Hull The ancient Inhabitants of it were the Brigantes who were conquered by the Romans with great difficulty about the year 57. in the Reign of Nero. About the year 547. Ina Conquered this County and began the Kingdom of Northumberland of which this was a part After the Conquest the first and only Earl of York which we find upon Record is Otho of Bavaria in 1190. In 1385. Edmund of Langley fifth Son of Edward III. Earl of Cambridge was Created Duke of York In 1401. Edward his Son In 1415. Richard his Grandchild succeeded in this Duchy In 1474. Richard of Shrewsbury second Son of Edward IV. had this Title In 1495. Henry second Son of Henry VII who was after King of England had it In 1604. Charles second Son of King James I. In 1643. James second Son of Charles I. was Created Duke of York So that the three last Dukes of York have been afterwards Kings of England Youre a River in Yorkshire falling into the Ouse at York Rippon and Boroughbridge stand upon it Yperen or Ypres Hyprae a City in the Earldom of Flanders which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mechlin by the Institution of P. Paul IV. It is very strong and has a new Cittadel Taken by the French March 26. in 1678 and still in their Hands This City stands in a fruitful Plain upon a River of the same Name six Leagues from Newport to the South five from Courtray towards Calais and thirteen from Gand or Gaunt Yssel Isala Aliso Isla Fossa Drusiana a River in the Low Countries believed to be a Branch of the Rhine but indeed a Cut made by Drusius a Roman Prince and General under Augustus the Emperor It parts from the North Branch of the Rhine above Arnham and bearing North watereth Doesburg Zutphen Deventer Zwol Campen and parting the Velewe from Over-Yssel falls into the Zuyder Zee It took this Name from a smaller River called Alt-Yssel the Old Yssel which arising near Heyden in Cleve watereth Schermbeeck Ringeberg Weert Ysselburg Aenholt taking in the Aa Burg Dotekom and at Doesburg falls into this Cut or Branch of the Rhine Yvica See Ivica Yvoix a small but strong Town in the Dukedom of Luxemburgh upon the River Chiers four Leagues from Montmedi to the West twelve from Luxemburgh and two from Sedan to the East Taken and dismantled by the French in 1552. Refortified by the Spaniards and retaken by the French recovered by the Spaniards in 1637. And I believe returned under the French again Yupi a Kingdom in the Asiatick Tartary East of the Kingdom of Niuche Z A. ZAara or Saara a vast Desert in Africa extending from East to West between Biledulgerida to the North Nigritia to the South Nubia to the East and the Atlantick Ocean to the West The Seat of the ancient Getuli and Garamantes Modern Geographers have discovered some Towns Lakes and Riverâ— there which give names to the respective desarts about them Berdoa and Zuenziga are of this number But generally Sands Scorpions and Monsters Lions Tigers and Ostriches take up the Habitations of these Desarts Mar de Zabacche the same with Limen or the Palus Moeotis Zaberen Elsas Zabera Tabernae a City of the Lower Alsatia upon the River Sorr four German Miles from Strasburg to the West Called by the French Saverne The usual Residence of the Bishop of