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england_n call_v king_n richard_n 2,785 5 8.6376 4 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A51124 De jure maritimo et navali, or, A treatise of affairs maritime and of commerce in three books / by Charles Molloy. Molloy, Charles, 1646-1690.; White, Robert, 1645-1703. 1676 (1676) Wing M2395; ESTC R43462 346,325 454

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charity_n though_o not_o compellable_n by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n xxiv_o yet_o when_o depradation_n have_v happen_v to_o foreign_a merchant_n and_o complaint_n have_v be_v make_v the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v often_o issue_v forth_o commission_n to_o inquire_v of_o the_o same_o and_o so_o it_o be_v do_v upon_o the_o petition_n of_o some_o merchant_n of_o genoa_n who_o complain_v against_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o garnsey_n for_o a_o depradation_n in_o take_v away_o and_o detain_v their_o merchandise_n and_o good_n to_o the_o value_n of_o many_o thousand_o of_o pound_n out_o of_o a_o ship_n dorso_n wrack_v by_o tempest_n near_o that_o isle_n by_o which_o the_o commissioner_n be_v empower_v to_o punish_v the_o offender_n and_o to_o make_v restitution_n satisfaction_n for_o the_o damage_n the_o like_a complaint_n be_v make_v by_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o britain_n of_o certain_a depradation_n commit_v by_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o 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oblige_v to_o continue_v partnership_n 2._o 1._o 3_o the_o master_n be_v obligeable_a by_o they_o 2._o 1._o 4_o not_o oblige_v to_o join_v in_o a_o action_n 2._o 1._o 5_o property_n of_o the_o ship_n follow_v the_o owner_n of_o the_o material_n not_o of_o the_o builder_n if_o it_o be_v build_v all_o with_o their_o good_n 2._o 1._o 7_o package_n on_o what_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v and_o what_o packer_n be_v to_o take_v 2._o 13._o 4_o pardon_n of_o felony_n extend_v not_o to_o piracy_n 1._o 4._o 23_o 25_o petty_a averidge_n when_o due_a 2._o 2._o 6_o planter_n of_o the_o right_n of_o plant_v 3._o 5._o 2_o 3_o where_o they_o may_v dispose_v of_o the_o same_o by_o will_n 3._o 5._o 4_o plunder_n soldier_n so_o do_v may_v be_v slay_v by_o any_o man_n who_o they_o shall_v attempt_v 1._o 6._o 10_o port_n what_o 2._o 14._o 7_o within_o the_o body_n of_o the_o county_n 1._o 4._o 23_o robbery_n commit_v in_o they_o not_o piracy_n ibid._n port_n of_o nation_n in_o amity_n may_v deliver_v ship_n bring_v in_o there_o by_o a_o enemy_n 1._o 1._o 9_o neuter_n port_n the_o peace_n of_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v preserve_v 1._o 2._o 17_o 1._o 1._o 10_o 1._o 3._o 7_o port_n not_o to_o be_v visit_v after_o a_o war_n begin_v by_o a_o enemy_n 1._o 3._o 11_o ship_n drive_v in_o by_o stress_n of_o weather_n not_o subject_a to_o reprize_n 1._o 2._o 1_o peace_n of_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v keep_v 1._o 5._o 14_o possession_n the_o high_a title_n that_o man_n can_v pretend_v to_o what_o they_o enjoy_v 3._o 5._o 1_o yield_v without_o fight_v to_o be_v use_v civil_o 1._o 14._o 12_o prize_n ship_n may_v not_o always_o be_v possess_v 1._o 13._o 10_o possession_n of_o a_o ship_n create_v no_o title_n 2._o 1._o 11_o poundage_n what_o and_o how_o the_o same_o may_v be_v levy_v 2._o 11._o 10_o prerogative_n the_o king_n have_v to_o dig_v in_o any_o man_n ground_n for_o salt-petre_n 1._o 1._o 4_o prescription_n it_o be_v uncertain_a beginning_n 1_o 15._o 14_o 15_o depend_v not_o on_o the_o corporeal_a but_o civil_a possession_n 1._o 5._o 13_o avail_v not_o in_o thing_n that_o have_v be_v steal_v 1._o 4._o 20_o prest_n the_o punishment_n of_o those_o that_o run_v away_o 1._o 6._o 7_o vide_fw-la mariner_n primage_n when_o payable_a 2._o 9_o 4_o prince_n responsible_a for_o injury_n public_a and_o in_o prudence_n ought_v to_o redress_v injury_n private_a especial_o to_o foreigner_n 1._o 2._o 8_o responsible_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n for_o the_o neglect_n of_o suppress_v pirate_n 1._o 4._o 2_o not_o bind_v to_o treat_v personal_o with_o ambassador_n 1._o 7._o 4_o the_o death_n of_o one_o determine_v not_o the_o alliance_n 1._o 7._o 6_o their_o wisdom_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o league_n 1._o 7._o 9_o be_v not_o to_o examine_v one_o another_o other_o title_n but_o it_o be_v enough_o they_o be_v in_o possession_n 1._o 7._o 18_o tho_o drive_v out_o of_o their_o country_n may_v consent_v that_o commerce_n shall_v be_v forbid_v to_o his_o subject_n 1._o 9_o 4_o the_o declare_a will_n of_o they_o can_v make_v all_o those_o of_o our_o act_n sin_n 1._o 12._o 8_o nor_n can_v their_o interdiction_n if_o disobey_v when_o their_o subject_n be_v possess_v by_o their_o enemy_n create_v a_o offence_n ibid._n one_o of_o their_o chief_a happiness_n be_v a_o good_a general_n 1._o 13._o 1_o how_o they_o govern_v themselves_o in_o treaty_n 1._o 7._o 1_o 23_o bind_v to_o render_v honour_n to_o their_o equal_a ibid._n peace_n ought_v to_o be_v purchase_v it_o at_o any_o rate_n and_o to_o be_v maintain_v with_o the_o great_a faith_n 1._o 15._o 18_o prescription_n silence_n all_o tribunal_n though_o its_o inception_n be_v not_o know_v 1._o 15._o 14_o it_o necessary_a to_o have_v the_o force_n of_o right_o 1._o 15._o 15_o prisage_n not_o grantable_a away_o without_o act_n of_o of_o parliament_n 2._o 8._o 1_o not_o due_a till_o break_v of_o bulk_n 2._o 8._o 3_o prisage_n become_v due_a if_o the_o property_n be_v change_v though_o the_o good_n be_v not_o land_v 2._o 8._o 6_o privilege_n the_o hanse_v town_n have_v several_a and_o when_o they_o determine_v and_o upon_o what_o occasion_n 2._o 12._o 1●…_n charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la on_o what_o consideration_n the_o same_o be_v grant_v 2._o 12._o 7_o prize_n prize_v the_o 10_o part_n just_o due_a to_o the_o admiral_n 1._o 1._o 9_o equal_o divide_v among_o the_o captor_n 1._o 2._o 20_o prize_n ship_n their_o paper_n be_v to_o be_v preserve_v 1._o 13._o 9_o may_v not_o always_o be_v possess_v 1._o 13._o 10_o proclamation_n whether_o necessary_a before_o a_o war_n 1._o 1._o 14_o have_v pass_v where_o the_o good_n of_o friend_n may_v become_v prize_n ibid._n prohibition_n good_n prohibit_v may_v subject_v the_o vessel_n to_o a_o forfeiture_n 2._o 2._o 17_o property_n when_o first_o introduce_v 1._o 1._o 3_o where_o the_o property_n of_o the_o vessel_n follow_v the_o owner_n of_o the_o material_n 2._o 1._o 7_o the_o property_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o good_n of_o a_o pirate_n become_v his_o that_o take_v they_o 1._o 4._o 11_o 19_o legalis_fw-la captio_fw-la difference_n between_o that_o and_o spoliatio_fw-la as_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o change_n of_o property_n 1._o 1._o 9_o can_v be_v question_v but_o by_o the_o common_a law_n 1._o 10._o 11_o can_v be_v question_v in_o the_o admiralty_n if_o before_o sale_n the_o ship_n be_v sell_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la 2._o 1._o 9_o property_n of_o good_n alter_v by_o be_v take_v and_o retake_v in_o war_n 1._o 4._o 19_o property_n of_o good_n take_v by_o piracy_n alter_v by_o sale_n in_o a_o market_n overt_a 1._o 4._o 21_o protection_n the_o true_a ensign_n of_o liberty_n 1._o 5._o 2_o what_o and_o by_o who_o accept_v 1._o 8._o 2_o protest_v subject_n every_o of_o the_o drawer_n that_o subscribe_v to_o answer_v the_o sum_n draw_v 2._o 10_o 16_o protest_v the_o use_n and_o meaning_n of_o the_o same_o 2._o 10._o 31_o pylott_n when_o he_o be_v discharge_v of_o his_o duty_n and_o how_o oblige_v to_o answer_v for_o negligence_n or_o wilfulness_n 2._o 9_o 1_o 2_o 3_o pirate_n what_o 1._o 4._o 1_o improper_o call_v enemy_n yet_o hold_v a_o equality_n 1._o 4._o 3_o be_v not_o to_o have_v succour_n 1._o 4._o 4_o overcome_v in_o the_o ocean_n may_v be_v immediate_o execute_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 1._o 4._o 11_o or_o bring_v to_o a_o port_n and_o the_o judge_n refuse_v or_o the_o captor_n can_v stay_v without_o prejudice_n may_v be_v execute_v 1._o 4._o 11_o pirate_n only_o questionable_a proper_o in_o that_o country_n where_o the_o ship_n be_v carry_v 1._o 4._o 14_o quarter_n not_o to_o be_v give_v to_o person_n take_v in_o fireship_n 1_o 14._o 12_o to_o demand_v it_o not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o oath_n call_v sacramentum_fw-la militare_fw-la 1._o 14._o 13_o rebellion_n in_o those_o that_o shall_v not_o strike_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n flagg_n 1._o 5._o 8_o reception_n reception_n from_o a_o enemy_n what_o be_v gain_v by_o the_o same_o 1._o 1._o 7_o release_n of_o the_o master_n where_o it_o bind_v the_o owner_n 2._o 4._o 15_o renunciation_n of_o the_o lade_n when_o it_o may_v be_v 2._o 4._o 13_o 17_o relief_n appoint_a for_o mariner_n and_o maim_a soldier_n 1._o 14._o 28_o religion_n whether_o lawful_a to_o plant_v the_o same_o by_o force_n of_o arm_n 1._o 1._o 5_o renegado_n the_o policy_n of_o the_o turk_n in_o make_v they_o 3._o 1._o 6_o can_v be_v a_o witness_n by_o the_o law_n of_o any_o christian_a kingdom_n 3._o 4._o 7_o reprizal_n from_o whence_o derive_v 1._o 2._o 1_o can_v be_v against_o the_o good_n of_o ambassador_n 1._o 2._o 16_o not_o good_a without_o lawful_a warrant_n or_o commission_n 1._o 2._o 1_o ship_n take_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o same_o dive_v not_o the_o owner_n of_o their_o property_n unless_o carry_v infra_fw-la presidia_fw-la 1._o 1._o 7_o 8_o the_o cause_n precedent_n before_o the_o same_o be_v grantable_a 1._o 2._o 6_o reprisal_n ordinary_a and_o extraordinary_a by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n 1._o 2._o 7_o person_n exempt_a from_o the_o same_o 1._o 2._o 16_o reprizal_n grant_v and_o they_o commit_v piracy_n they_o forfeit_v their_o vessel_n 1._o 4._o 2_o captain_n of_o ship_n of_o reprisal_n commit_v piracy_n can_v oblige_v the_o owner_n for_o satisfaction_n 1._o 14._o 18_o request_n ought_v always_o to_o precede_v reprisal_n 1._o 2._o 8_o ●…etters_n of_o request_n allot_v time_n certain_a 1._o 2._o 13_o the_o same_o be_v make_v may_v sufficient_o empower_v one_o nation_n to_o execute_v the_o judgement_n of_o another_o 3._o 8_o restitution_n where_o the_o same_o may_v be_v make_v of_o ship_n regain_v from_o a_o enemy_n 1._o 1._o 7_o 8_o restitution_n of_o ship_n where_o the_o same_o
of_o nation_n and_o those_o of_o country_n may_v may_v in_o legat_n cajum_n quomodo_fw-la autem_fw-la satis_fw-la digne_fw-fr quis_fw-la explicet_fw-la facilitatem_fw-la ad_fw-la mutua_fw-la commercia_fw-la nobis_fw-la datam_fw-la ne_fw-fr enim_fw-la itineris_fw-la longitudo_fw-la impedimentum_fw-la aliorum_fw-la ad_fw-la alios_fw-la commetatibus_fw-la ad_fw-la ferret_n breviorum_fw-la viam_fw-la mare_fw-la scilicet_fw-la ubique_fw-la terrarum_fw-la disposuit_fw-la deus_fw-la ad_fw-la mundum_fw-la tanquam_fw-la unum_fw-la domum_fw-la communiter_fw-la inhabitant_n crebro_fw-la nos_fw-la inuicem_fw-la inviserimu●…_n &_o apud_fw-la se_fw-la nata_fw-la cuique_fw-la alteri_fw-la communicans_fw-la vicissim_fw-la commode_v acciperet_fw-la res_fw-la apud_fw-la illum_fw-la abundantes_fw-la ac_fw-la sic_fw-la exiguam_fw-la tenens_fw-la terrae_fw-la partem_fw-la ita_fw-la tanquam_fw-la si_fw-la teneret_fw-la universam_fw-la frueretnr_fw-la ejus_fw-la quae_fw-la vibis_fw-la sunt_fw-la bonis_fw-la licet_fw-la itaque_fw-la nunc_fw-la tanquam_fw-la in_o communi_fw-la mensa_fw-la convivarum_fw-la unicuique_fw-la ea_fw-la quae_fw-la sibi_fw-la opposita_fw-la dare_v alteri_fw-la longius_fw-la accumbenti_fw-la ac_fw-la contra_fw-la quae_fw-la apud_fw-la ipsum_fw-la sunt_fw-la accipere_fw-la mann_n tantum_fw-la extenta_fw-la vide_fw-la strabo_n lib._n 8._o &_o lib._n 16._o 16._o 13_o h._n 4._o foe_n 14._o 14._o lib._n 5._o foe_n 63._o case_n of_o the_o chamberlain_n of_o london_n vide_fw-la the_o plea_n of_o the_o venetian_a lawyer_n at_o the_o end_n of_o mr._n selden_n mare_n clausum_fw-la pereg._n l._n 1._o de_fw-la jure_fw-la fisci_fw-la cap._n 1._o num_fw-la ●…7_n l._n libertus_fw-la §_o 1._o d._n de_fw-fr statu_fw-la hominum_fw-la fiunt_fw-la etiam_fw-la servi_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la captivitate_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la bracton_n l._n 1._o c._n 6._o littleton_n sect._n 175._o l._n postlim_n §_o 1._o d._n de_fw-fr captiv_n l._n &_o servorum_fw-la §_o 1._o d._n de_fw-fr statu_fw-la hominum_fw-la apud_fw-la omnes_fw-la peraeque_fw-la gentes_fw-la ait_fw-la cajus_n animadvertere_fw-la possumus_fw-la dominis_fw-la in_o seruos_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la necisque_fw-la potestatem_fw-la fuisse_fw-la co._n instit._n foe_n 116._o b._n b._n l._n 1._o d._n the_o his_o qui_fw-la svi_fw-la sunt_fw-la juris_fw-la institit_fw-la de_fw-mi his_o qui_fw-la svi_fw-la leg._n cornelia_n ff_n de_fw-fr testam_fw-la &_o leg._n cornel._n ff_n de_fw-fr vulg_n substit_fw-la in_o jure_fw-la postliminii_fw-la leg._n retor_n &_o l._n in_o bello_fw-la §_o 1._o &_o l._n bon_fw-fr ss_z de_fw-fr capt._n &_o §_o 4._o d._n quibus_fw-la mod_fw-la jus_o patr_n solvit_fw-la and_o fortescue_n conceive_v it_o begin_v ab_fw-la homine_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la vito_fw-la introducta_fw-la 〈◊〉_d servitus_fw-la e●…_n libertas_fw-la 〈◊〉_d ●…inis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d naturae_fw-la quar●…_n 〈◊〉_d ab_fw-la homine_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d redire_fw-la gli●…t_fw-la ut_fw-la facit_fw-la 〈◊〉_d quod_fw-la libertate_fw-la naturalis_fw-la privatur_fw-la cap_n 42._o 42._o artic._n of_o war_n anno_fw-la 1673._o for_o his_o majesty_n force_n artic._n 24._o b●…rt_v in_o l._n nam_fw-la &_o seru._n d._n de_fw-fr reg_n gistis_fw-la in_o the_o war_n of_o the_o french_a with_o the_o spaniard_n in_o italy_n a_o horseman_n be_v ransom_v for_o the_o 4_o the_o of_o his_o yearly_a pay_n vide_fw-la maria_fw-la na_fw-la lib._n 27_o 18._o and_o in_o the_o last_o belgic_a war_n the_o english_a dismiss_v all_o the_o fleming_n that_o be_v take_v in_o war_n as_o they_o do_v the_o like_a with_o those_o of_o england_n an._n 167●…_n ●…_n quam_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la ardua_fw-la vertus_fw-la servitium_fw-la fugisse_fw-la manu_fw-la it_o be_v none_o of_o the_o hard_a virtue_n to_o embrace_v death_n to_o avoid_v slavety_n slavety_n 16_o 17._o car._n 2._o cap._n 24._o it_o be_v expire_v but_o his_o majesty_n be_v yet_o gracious_o please_v to_o consider_v the_o state_n of_o his_o poor_a subject_n and_o thereupon_o have_v appoint_v a_o committee_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o privy_a council_n for_o the_o manage_n of_o that_o affair_n affair_n yet_o some_o of_o the_o english_a merchant_n &_o other_o at_o the_o canary_n do_v here_o support_v this_o unnatural_a custom_n so_o likewise_o at_o virginia_n and_o other_o plantation_n exod._n 21._o 26_o 27._o vide_fw-la the_o statute_n of_o 5_o eliz._n who_o have_v provide_v the_o like_a remedy_n in_o other_o place_n deut._n 15._o 13._o the_o russian_n have_v seize_v on_o the_o country_n of_o illyria_n and_o make_v it_o their_o own_o by_o conquest_n their_o victory_n please_v they_o so_o high_o that_o thereupon_o call_v themselves_o by_o a_o new_a name_n slave_n which_o be_v in_o their_o language_n glorious_a but_o in_o after_o time_n that_o warm_a climate_n have_v thaw_v their_o northern_a hardness_n and_o not_o ripned_a their_o wit_n when_o they_o be_v conquer_a the_o italian_n in_o derision_n call_v they_o be_v then_o their_o bondman_n slave_n sir_n walter_n raleigh_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 17._o §_o 8._o vide_fw-la leg_n 12._o tabuli_fw-la sigonus_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la roman_a l._n 1._o cap._n 10._o 10._o justin._n inst._n l._n 1._o tit_n de_fw-fr ingenius_fw-la vide_fw-la franc._n silo_n in_o cattilin_n ar●…_n 4._o goodwin_n antique_a rom._n 4._o 33_o 34._o tertullian_n de_fw-fr de_fw-fr resur_fw-fr car●…_n car●…_n as_o to_o some_o thing_n vide_fw-la postea_fw-la §_o 9_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cop._n 14._o 1_o r._n 3._o so_o 4._o bacon_n case_n 1_o cro._n 4._o so_o 437._o stephen_n case_n 2_o car._n in_o the_o duchy_n a_o geius_fw-la noct._n artic._n l._n 3_o c._n 17._o first_o grant_v 17_o joh._n reg._n revive_v 9_o h._n 3._o and_o since_o confirm_v above_o 30_o time_n time_n the_o lord_n morley_n and_o monteagles_n case_n for_o the_o suppose_a murder_n of_o one_o hastings_n 15_o car._n 2._o 10_o e._n 4._o 6._o 33_o hen._n 8._o bro._n title_n trial_n 8_o ed._n 3._o rot._n parl._n m._n 7._o 28_o e._n 3._o cap._n 3_o atamen_fw-la in_o poenae_fw-la nomine_fw-la lene_n fuit_fw-la quip_n relegatus_fw-la non_fw-la exul_fw-la dicor_fw-la in_o illo_fw-la ovid._n de_fw-fr trist._n li._n 2._o elig_n elig_n add_v quod_fw-la edictum_fw-la quamvis_fw-la immitte_v minaxque_fw-la in_o london_n the_o same_o be_v do_v by_o exhibit_v a_o information_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o common_a sergeant_n in_o the_o mayor_n court_n there_o against_o any_o citizen_n that_o shall_v just_o deserve_v so_o great_a a_o d●…_n honour_n honour_n 17_o car._n 2._o cap._n 2._o mr._n selden_n observe_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o and_o of_o other_o king_n both_o before_o and_o after_o he_o that_o if_o any_o man_n accuse_v of_o a_o capital_a crime_n do_v at_o sea_n be_v public_o call_v five_o time_n by_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o crier_n after_o so_o many_o several_a day_n assign_v do_v not_o make_v his_o appearance_n in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n he_o be_v banish_v out_o of_o england_n &_o the_o 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cozinage_n 5._o ramseyes_n c._n 15._o car._n 11._o in_o com._n banc._n godfrey_n and_o dixon_n case_n hill_n 16._o jac._n in_o b●…r_n godbolt_n 275._o de_fw-fr natis_fw-la ultra_fw-la mare_fw-la 25_o ed._n 3._o 2_o car._n in_o the_o duchy_n in_o stephen_n cause_n 16_o car._n 1_o cro._n 437._o bacon_n case_n prowde_n case_n of_o kent_n
his_o interest_n and_o the_o retake_v afterward_o in_o battle_n gain_v the_o captor_n a_o property_n it_o be_v true_a the_o civilian_n do_v hold_v that_o it_o be_v not_o every_o possession_n that_o qualify_v such_o a_o caption_n and_o make_v it_o become_v the_o captor_n but_o a_o firm_a possession_n that_o be_v when_o the_o prize_n do_v pernoctare_fw-la with_o the_o enemy_n or_o remain_v in_o his_o possession_n by_o the_o space_n of_o 24_o hour_n but_o as_o this_o be_v a_o new_a 54._o law_n so_o it_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v against_o the_o ancient_a as_o well_o as_o the_o modern_a practice_n of_o the_o common_a law_n for_o the_o party_n in_o the_o ancient_a precedent_n do_v not_o mention_v by_o their_o plea_n that_o the_o prize_n do_v pernoctare_fw-la with_o the_o enemy_n and_o but_o general_n that_o the_o same_o be_v gain_v by_o battle_n of_o the_o enemy_n but_o if_o such_o a_o recaption_n be_v by_o one_o of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n ship_n of_o war_n their_o restitution_n have_v be_v make_v the_o party_n relieve_v pay_v his_o offering_n to_o the_o admiral_n common_o call_v savage_a mony_n viii_o this_o right_n of_o change_v of_o dominion_n or_o property_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n be_v so_o odious_a that_o in_o the_o take_n of_o good_n if_o by_o any_o possibility_n the_o right_a owner_n may_v have_v restitution_n the_o same_o have_v be_v do_v and_o although_o a_o large_a time_n than_o 24_o hour_n happen_v between_o the_o capture_z and_o recapture_n and_o so_o may_v pernoctare_fw-la with_o the_o captor_n yet_o restitution_n may_v be_v make_v and_o therefore_o if_o one_o enemy_n take_v the_o ship_n and_o merchandise_n of_o another_o enemy_n and_o bring_v she_o into_o the_o port_n or_o havens_n of_o a_o neuter_n nation_n the_o owner_n may_v seize_v she_o and_o the_o admiral_n of_o that_o neuter_n nation_n may_v in_o some_o case_n restore_v the_o ship_n and_o good_n to_o their_o owner_n and_o the_o person_n captive_a to_o their_o former_a liberty_n the_o 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legalis_fw-la captio_fw-la in_o which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o restitution_n make_v upon_o neither_o of_o the_o stat._n of_o 31._o h._n 6._o cap._n 4._o or_o 27._o ed._n 3._o cap._n 13._o for_o he_o that_o will_v sue_v to_o have_v restitution_n in_o england_n for_o good_n take_v at_o sea_n must_v prove_v that_o the_o sovereign_n of_o the_o party_n be_v in_o amity_n with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n second_o that_o he_o that_o take_v the_o good_n his_o prince_n be_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o take_n in_o amity_n with_o the_o sovereign_n of_o he_o who_o good_n be_v take_v for_o if_o he_o which_o take_v they_o be_v in_o enmity_n with_o the_o sovereign_n of_o he_o who_o good_n be_v take_v than_o the_o same_o will_v not_o amount_v unto_o a_o depredation_n or_o robbery_n but_o a_o lawful_a take_n as_o every_o enemy_n 2._o may_v take_v of_o another_o a_o spanish_a merchant_n before_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n in_o camera_fw-la scaccarii_fw-la bring_v a_o bill_n against_o divers_a englishman_n 2._o wherein_o set_v forth_o quod_fw-la depradatus_fw-la &_o spoliatus_fw-la fuit_fw-la upon_o the_o sea_n juxta_fw-la part_n britannia_fw-la per_fw-la quendam_fw-la virum_fw-la bellicosum_fw-la de_fw-la britannia_fw-la de_fw-la quadam_fw-la navi_fw-la and_o of_o divers_a merchandise_n therein_o which_o be_v bring_v into_o england_n and_o come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o divers_a engish-man_n name_v they_o and_o so_o pray_v process_n against_o they_o who_o come_v in_o and_o plead_v that_o in_o regard_n this_o depredation_n be_v do_v by_o a_o stranger_n and_o not_o by_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n alone_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o answer_v it_o be_v there_o resolve_v quod_fw-la quisquis_fw-la extraneus_fw-la who_o bring_v his_o bill_n upon_o this_o statute_n to_o have_v restitution_n debet_fw-la probare_fw-la quod_fw-la tempore_fw-la captionis_fw-la fuit_fw-la de_fw-la amicitia_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o also_o quod_fw-la ipse_fw-la qui_fw-la eum_fw-la receperit_fw-la &_o spoliavit_fw-la fuit_fw-la etiam_fw-la sub_fw-la obedientia_fw-la regis_fw-la vel_fw-la de_fw-la amicitia_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la sive_fw-la principis_fw-la quaerentis_fw-la quia_fw-la si_fw-la fuerit_fw-la inimicus_fw-la &_o sic_fw-la ceperit_fw-la bona_fw-la tunc_fw-la non_fw-la fuit_fw-la spoliatio_fw-la nec_fw-la depredatio_fw-la sed_fw-la legalis_fw-la captio_fw-la prout_fw-la quilibet_fw-la inimicus_fw-la capit_fw-la super_fw-la unum_fw-la &_o alterum_fw-la p●…st_n but_o if_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v in_o enemity_n with_o the_o state_n of_o holland_n and_o one_o of_o their_o ship_n of_o war_n take_v a_o merchantman_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o afterward_o another_o ship_n of_o war_n of_o england_n meet_v the_o dutchman_n and_o his_o prize_n and_o in_o aperto_fw-la praelio_fw-la regain_n the_o prize_n there_o restitution_n be_v common_o make_v the_o owner_n pay_v their_o savage_a so_o where_o the_o prize_n be_v recover_v by_o a_o friend_n in_o amity_n or_o come_v into_o his_o port_n restitution_n be_v likewise_o make_v r._n but_o when_o such_o good_n become_v a_o lawful_a and_o just_a prize_n to_o the_o captor_n then_o shall_v the_o admiral_n have_v a_o ten_o part_n follow_v the_o religious_a example_n of_o abraham_n after_o his_o victory_n over_o the_o five_o king_n x._o he_o that_o be_v a_o enemy_n may_v every_o where_o be_v assault_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n enemy_n may_v war._n therefore_o be_v attaque_v or_o slay_v on_o our_o own_o ground_n on_o our_o enemy_n or_o on_o the_o sea_n but_o to_o assault_v kill_v or_o spoil_v he_o in_o a_o haven_n or_o peaceable_a port_n be_v not_o lawful_a but_o that_o proceed_v not_o from_o their_o person_n but_o from_o his_o right_n that_o have_v empire_n there_o for_o civil_a society_n have_v provide_v that_o no_o force_n be_v use_v in_o their_o country_n against_o man_n but_o that_o of_o law_n and_o where_o that_o be_v open_a the_o right_a of_o 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be_v
may_v receive_v some_o detriment_n which_o can_v be_v maintain_v amid_o the_o contestation_n which_o happen_v in_o conference_n but_o if_o a_o ambassador_n be_v depute_v as_o lieutenant_n to_o a_o prince_n there_o indeed_o such_o commissioner_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o treat_v but_o only_o with_o the_o prince_n himself_o and_o so_o it_o be_v where_o the_o bishop_n of_o gurgia_n who_o be_v depute_v by_o the_o 〈◊〉_d emperor_n to_o pope_n julio_n the_o second_o the_o pope_n commissionated_a 3_o cardinal_n to_o treat_v with_o he_o but_o the_o bishop_n have_v notice_n in_o what_o quality_n he_o be_v like_a to_o be_v receive_v commissionated_a 3_o gentleman_n to_o confer_v with_o they_o excuse_v himself_o upon_o other_o affair_n which_o afterward_o be_v explain_v that_o he_o come_v not_o as_o a_o single_a ambassador_n but_o as_o a_o lieutenant_n to_o the_o emperor_n to_o the_o which_o quality_n he_o have_v be_v receive_v at_o rome_n by_o the_o pope_n v._o the_o deputy_n be_v assemble_v their_o 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with_o or_o against_o all_o man_n or_o against_o some_o certain_a prince_n and_o republic_n and_o there_o 8._o alliance_n be_v contract_v either_o from_o estate_n to_o estate_n and_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o each_o other_o in_o which_o case_n by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o prince_n they_o may_v not_o be_v interrupt_v or_o else_o they_o be_v contract_v betwixt_o prince_n and_o prince_n and_o then_o the_o death_n of_o one_o suspend_v till_o a_o new_a treaty_n have_v confirm_v it_o unless_o there_o be_v a_o time_n certain_a prescribe_v by_o the_o treaty_n to_o the_o which_o the_o alliance_n must_v continue_v after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o else_o they_o be_v make_v from_o a_o estate_n and_o prince_n where_o the_o death_n of_o the_o prince_n do_v likewise_o if_o not_o dissolve_v yet_o at_o least_o suspend_v till_o a_o new_a treaty_n of_o confirmation_n of_o the_o 6._o precedent_n although_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n rex_fw-la non_fw-la 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and_o be_v tertullian_n alive_a he_o will_v have_v recant_v that_o 9_o opinion_n of_o he_o that_o none_o will_v be_v a_o publican_n but_o a_o heathen_a vi_o custom_n be_v duty_n certain_a and_o perpetual_a payable_a to_o the_o king_n as_o the_o inheritance_n of_o his_o crown_n for_o merchandize_v transport_v from_o and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n from_o one_o realm_n to_o another_o magna_fw-la custuma_n &_o antiqua_fw-la be_v payable_a out_o of_o native_a commodity_n scilicet_fw-la wool_n woollfels_n and_o hide_n and_o that_o be_v certain_a impose_v and_o this_o custom_n which_o be_v call_v magna_fw-la custuma_n be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n of_o common_a right_n for_o four_o cause_n 1._o for_o leave_v to_o depart_v the_o kingdom_n and_o to_o carry_v commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n out_o of_o it_o 2._o for_o the_o interest_n and_o dominion_n which_o the_o king_n have_v in_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o arm_n thereof_o 3._o because_o the_o king_n be_v the_o guardian_n of_o all_o the_o port_n within_o the_o realm_n &_o custos_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la 4._o for_o waftage_n and_o protection_n of_o merchant_n upon_o the_o sea_n against_o the_o enemy_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o pirate_n vii_o the_o custom_n which_o be_v call_v parva_n custuma_n be_v a_o custom_n or_o duty_n payable_a by_o merchant_n stranger_n and_o begin_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o when_o they_o grant_v he_o that_o they_o will_v pay_v to_o he_o 165._o and_o his_o heir_n 3_o d._n in_o the_o pound_n for_o all_o merchandize_v export_v and_o import_v by_o they_o etc._n etc._n and_o that_o the_o charter_n be_v and_o may_v be_v of_o great_a use_n i_o have_v here_o insert_v the_o same_o as_o it_o be_v faithful_o transcribe_v out_o of_o the_o roll_n in_o the_o tower_n for_o merchant_n stranger_n concern_v liberty_n grant_v to_o they_o the_o king_n to_o his_o intus_fw-la archbishop_n etc._n etc._n send_v greeting_n concern_v the_o good_a condition_n of_o all_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o 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of_o the_o say_a merchant_n without_o the_o price_n present_o pay_v for_o which_o the_o say_a merchant_n may_v sell_v to_o other_o ware_n of_o the_o like_a sort_n for_o or_o otherwise_o to_o satisfy_v they_o so_o as_o they_o shall_v repute_v themselves_o content_v and_o that_o no_o appraisement_n or_o value_n shall_v be_v put_v upon_o the_o say_a merchant_n ware_n merchandize_n or_o good_n by_o we_o or_o our_o minister_n item_n we_o will_v that_o all_o bailiff_n and_o officer_n of_o fair_n city_n borough_n and_o market_n town_n shall_v do_v speedy_a justice_n to_o the_o say_a merchant_n complain_v to_o they_o from_o day_n to_o day_n without_o delay_n according_a to_o the_o merchant_n law_n concern_v all_o and_o every_o thing_n which_o by_o the_o say_a law_n may_v be_v determine_v and_o if_o any_o defect_n shall_v happen_v to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o of_o our_o bailiff_n or_o minister_n aforesaid_a whereby_o the_o say_v merchant_n or_o any_o of_o their_o factor_n shall_v suffer_v loss_n although_o the_o merchant_n recover_v his_o loss_n against_o the_o party_n in_o the_o whole_a yet_o nevertheless_o the_o bailiff_n or_o other_o minister_n of_o we_o as_o the_o fault_n require_v shall_v be_v punish_v and_o we_o grant_v the_o say_a punishment_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o merchant_n aforesaid_a for_o complete_n their_o right_a item_n that_o in_o all_o kind_n of_o plea_n save_v in_o the_o case_n of_o crime_n for_o which_o the_o pain_n of_o death_n be_v liable_a to_o be_v inflict_v where_o the_o merchant_n shall_v be_v implead_v or_o he_o implead_v another_o of_o whatsoever_o condition_n ●…e_v that_o be_v implead_v be_v of_o whether_o a_o foreigner_n or_o a_o domestic_a in_o the_o say_a fair_n city_n or_o borough_n where_o there_o be_v a_o sufficient_a plenty_n of_o merchant_n of_o the_o land_n aforesaid_a and_o inquisition_n there_o ought_v to_o be_v make_v half_o of_o the_o inquisition_n shall_v be_v of_o the_o say_v foreign_a merchant_n and_o the_o other_o half_a of_o honest_a and_o lawful_a man_n where_o the_o plea_n happen_v to_o be_v and_o if_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o say_a land_n shall_v not_o be_v find_v let_v those_o be_v put_v in_o the_o inquisition_n who_o shall_v be_v find_v fit_a in_o that_o place_n and_o let_v the_o residue_n be_v of_o other_o good_a and_o fit_a man_n in_o the_o place_n in_o which_o that_o plaint_n shall_v be_v item_n we_o will_v ordain_v and_o appoint_v that_o in_o every_o market_n town_n and_o fair_a of_o our_o say_a kingdom_n and_o elsewhere_o within_o our_o dominion_n our_o weight_n be_v to_o be_v put_v in_o a_o certain_a place_n and_o before_o weigh_v thereof_o the_o scale_n to_o be_v empty_a in_o the_o presence_n of_o buyer_n and_o seller_n and_o the_o arm_n thereof_o to_o be_v equal_a and_o when_o he_o have_v set_v the_o scale_n equal_a he_o be_v forthwith_o to_o take_v off_o his_o hand_n so_o that_o it_o
he_o on_o the_o face_n and_o give_v he_o a_o push_n on_o the_o back_n and_o after_o this_o he_o be_v register_v for_o a_o freeman_n this_o be_v perform_v the_o servant_n have_v his_o head_n shave_v purposely_o at_o that_o time_n receive_v a_o cap_n as_o a_o token_n of_o liberty_n tertullian_n observe_v that_o at_o this_o time_n of_o their_o manumission_n car●…_n the_o servant_n receive_v from_o their_o master_n a_o white_a garment_n a_o gold_n ring_n and_o a_o new_a name_n add_v to_o their_o former_a by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n every_o subject_a bear_v within_o the_o king_n dominion_n be_v a_o freeman_n of_o this_o realm_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o grand_a charter_n cap._n 14._o yea_o though_o he_o be_v a_o bondslave_n to_o a_o subject_a 9_o but_o a_o stranger_n bear_v be_v no_o freeman_n 14._o till_o the_o king_n have_v make_v he_o a_o denizon_n in_o who_o power_n alone_o without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o other_o one_o may_v be_v make_v free_n to_o be_v a_o freeman_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o place_n of_o birth_n be_v hold_v more_o considerable_a than_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n yet_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o hussey_n chief_a justice_n in_o 1_o r._n 3._o foe_n 4._o and_o in_o calvin_n case_n of_o the_o post_n nati_n it_o be_v hold_v for_o law_n 4._o that_o if_o ambassador_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v child_n bear_v in_o france_n or_o else_o where_o the_o father_n and_o mother_n be_v natural_a bear_v subject_n the_o child_n be_v free_a of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n but_o if_o either_o the_o father_n or_o the_o mother_n of_o such_o child_n be_v a_o alien_n then_o be_v not_o those_o child_n free_n but_o the_o law_n be_v conceive_v to_o be_v otherwise_o at_o this_o day_n the_o statute_n de_fw-fr natis_fw-la ultra_fw-la mare_fw-la 25_o e._n 3._o cap._n declare_v the_o issue_n bear_v of_o a_o englishman_n upon_o a_o englishwoman_n shall_v be_v a_o denizon_n for_o upon_o the_o construction_n of_o 437._o this_o statute_n it_o have_v be_v adjudge_v more_o than_o once_o that_o if_o a_o englishman_n marry_v a_o foreiner_n and_o have_v issue_n by_o she_o duchy_n bear_v beyond_o sea_n the_o issue_n be_v a_o natural_a bear_a subject_n ix_o disfranchise_v by_o the_o roman_n call_v capitis_fw-la diminutio_fw-la be_v three_o fold_n maxima_fw-la media_fw-la &_o minimum_n the_o least_o degree_n be_v when_o the_o censor_n pull_v a_o man_n from_o a_o high_a tribe_n down_o to_o a_o low_a and_o less_o honourable_a or_o when_o by_o any_o censure_n they_o disable_v a_o man_n from_o suffrage_v or_o give_v his_o voice_n in_o the_o public_a assembly_n such_o as_o be_v thus_o in_o the_o last_o manner_n punish_v be_v term_v aerarii_fw-la and_o in_o aerarios_fw-la veluti_fw-la quia_fw-la omne_fw-la alia_fw-la jura_fw-la civium_fw-la romanorum_fw-la preterquam_fw-la tributi_fw-la &_o aeris_fw-la conferendi_fw-la amiserunt_fw-la gellius_n relate_v 17._o that_o p._n scipio_n nascica_n and_o m._n pompilius_n be_v censor_n take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o roman_a knight_n observe_v one_o of_o they_o to_o be_v mount_v on_o a_o lean_a staruling_n horse_n himself_o be_v exceed_v fat_a whereupon_o they_o demand_v the_o reason_n why_o his_o horse_n be_v so_o lean_a himself_o be_v so_o fat_a his_o answer_n be_v quoniam_fw-la ego_fw-la inquit_fw-la i_o curro_fw-la statius_fw-la mens_fw-la servus_n by_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o england_n and_o by_o the_o great_a time_n charter_n no_o freeman_n shall_v be_v take_v or_o imprison_v but_o by_o the_o lawful_a judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n that_o be_v by_o jury_n peer_n for_o peer_n ordinary_a jury_n for_o other_o who_o be_v their_o peer_n or_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n which_o be_v always_o understand_v by_o due_a process_n of_o the_o law_n and_o not_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n general_o for_o otherwise_o that_o will_v comprehend_v bondman_n who_o we_o call_v villain_n who_o be_v exclude_v by_o the_o word_n liber_n for_o such_o bondman_n may_v be_v imprison_v at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o his_o lord_n but_o a_o freeman_n neither_o can_v nor_o can_v without_o a_o just_a cause_n nor_o do_v the_o privilege_n extend_v to_o private_a action_n or_o suit_n between_o subject_a and_o subject_a but_o even_o between_o the_o sovereign_n and_o the_o subject_a hence_o it_o be_v that_o if_o a_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v arraign_v at_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o king_n for_o a_o murder_n he_o shall_v be_v try_v by_o his_o 2._o peer_n that_o be_v by_o the_o noble_n but_o if_o he_o be_v appeal_v of_o murder_n upon_o the_o prosecution_n of_o a_o subject_a his_o trial_n shall_v be_v by_o a_o ordinary_a jury_n of_o 12_o freeholders_n trial_n and_o as_o the_o grand_a charter_n do_v and_o do_v protect_v the_o person_n of_o freeman_n so_o likewise_o their_o freehold_n for_o by_o the_o same_o charter_n it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o king_n or_o his_o minister_n shall_v out_o no_o man_n of_o his_o freehold_n without_o reasonable_a judgement_n and_o so_o it_o be_v rule_v upon_o a_o petition_n in_o parliament_n set_v forth_o that_o a_o writ_n under_o the_o privy_a seal_n go_v to_o the_o guardian_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n to_o cause_v land_n to_o be_v seize_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n and_o that_o thereupon_o a_o writ_n issue_v forth_o to_o the_o escheater_n to_o seize_v against_o the_o form_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n upon_o debate_n of_o which_o the_o party_n have_v judgement_n to_o be_v restore_v the_o great_a and_o 7._o most_o explanatory_a act_n which_o succeed_v in_o point_n of_o confirmation_n be_v that_o of_o edward_n the_o 3d._a the_o word_n be_v that_o no_o man_n of_o what_o estate_n or_o condition_n soever_o he_o be_v 3_o shall_v be_v put_v out_o of_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n nor_o take_v or_o imprison_v nor_o disinherited_a nor_o put_v to_o death_n without_o he_o be_v bring_v to_o answer_v by_o due_a process_n of_o the_o law_n that_o be_v by_o the_o common_a law_n 2._o diminutio_fw-la media_fw-la be_v a_o exilement_n out_o of_o the_o city_n without_o the_o loss_n of_o one_o freedom_n the_o word_n of_o the_o judgement_n or_o sentence_n be_v tibi_fw-la aquae_fw-la &_o igni_fw-la interdico_fw-la 3._o diminutio_fw-la maxima_fw-la be_v the_o loss_n both_o of_o the_o city_n and_o the_o freedom_n and_o by_o his_o judgement_n or_o sentence_n be_v oblige_v and_o limit_v to_o one_o peculiar_a country_n all_o other_o place_n in_o general_a be_v forbid_v he_o elig_n there_o be_v a_o four_o kind_n of_o banishment_n disfranchise_v call_v relegatio_fw-la which_o be_v the_o exilement_n only_o for_o a_o season_n as_o that_o of_o ovid_n minaxque_fw-la the_o law_n of_o england_n in_o this_o matter_n have_v some_o resemblance_n with_o those_o of_o the_o roman_n for_o bracton_n observe_v 4_o distinction_n 1._o specialis_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la interdictio_fw-la talis_fw-la provinciae_fw-la civitatis_fw-la honour_n burgi_n aut_fw-la villae_fw-la 2._o generalis_fw-la interdictio_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o aliquando_fw-la est_fw-la 3._o temporaria_fw-la pro_fw-la duobus_fw-la tribus_fw-la quatuor_fw-la aut_fw-la pluribus_fw-la annis_fw-la aut_fw-la etc._n etc._n 4._o perpetua_fw-la pro_fw-la termino_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la &_o exilium_fw-la est_fw-la aliquando_fw-la ex_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la principis_fw-la sicut_fw-la in_o exiliando_fw-la deuce_n hertfordiae_fw-la &_o norfolciae_n per_fw-la regem_fw-la richardum_fw-la secundum_fw-la &_o aliquando_fw-la per_fw-la judicium_fw-la terrae_fw-la ut_fw-la fit_a in_fw-la casu_fw-la piers_n de_fw-fr gaviston_n &_o etiam_fw-la in_o casu_fw-la hugonis_fw-la de_fw-fr le_fw-fr spencer_n junioris_fw-la qui_fw-la ambo_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la exilit_fw-la '_o per_fw-la judicium_fw-la in_o parliamento_fw-la so_o likewise_o be_v that_o of_o the_o banishment_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o clarendon_n who_o die_v beyond_o the_o sea_n 2._o x._o abjuration_n be_v also_o a_o legal_a exile_n by_o the_o judgement_n 12._o of_o the_o common_a law_n as_o also_o by_o the_o statute_n law_n and_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o westm_n the_o second_o cap._n 35._o he_o which_o ravish_v a_o ward_n and_o can_v render_v the_o ward_n unmarried_a or_o the_o value_n of_o his_o marriage_n must_v abjure_v the_o realm_n and_o this_o be_v a_o general_n exile_n and_o by_o the_o statute_n make_v 31_o ed._n 1._o butcher_n be_v to_o be_v abjure_v the_o town_n if_o they_o offend_v the_o four_o time_n in_o sell_v measled_a flesh_n and_o this_o be_v a_o special_a banishment_n a_o man_n exile_v do_v forfeit_v these_o thing_n 1._o he_o lose_v thereby_o the_o freedom_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o nation_n out_o of_o which_o he_o be_v exile_v 2._o he_o forfeit_v his_o freedom_n in_o the_o burrow_n or_o city_n where_o he_o be_v free_a for_o he_o which_o forfeit_v the_o freedom_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n forfeit_v his_o freedom_n in_o every_o part_n 3._o the_o law_n account_v he_o as_o one_o dead_a for_o his_o heir_n 188._o may_v enter_v and_o so_o may_v his_o wife_n enter_v into_o she_o own_o land_n and_o may_v sue_v