Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	call_v	king_n	richard_n	2,785	5	8.6376	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A00515	The fruiterers secrets Containing directions, for the due time, and manner, of gathering all kindes of fruite, aswell stone-fruite as other: and how they are afterwards to be ordered in packing, carrying and conueighing them by land or by water; then in separating or culling them into diuers sorts; and lastly, in resruing or laying them vp, so, as may bee for their best lasting and continuance. Enterlaced with diuerse other secrets (and their naturall causes) touching trees, and their fruite. No treatise, to this purpose, being heretofore published.	N. F., fl. 1604.	1604 (1604)	STC 10650; ESTC S103478	17,384	33

THE FRVITERERS SECRETS Containing directions for the due time and manner of gathering all kindes of fruite aswell stone-fruite as other and how they are afterwards to be ordered in packing carrying and conueighing them by land or by water then in separating or culling them into diuers sorts and lastly in reseruing or laying them vp so as may bee for their best lasting and continuance Enterlaced with diuerse other secrets and their naturall causes touching trees and their fruite No Treatise to this purpose being heretofore published AT LONDON Printed by R.B. and are to be solde by Roger Iackson at his shop in Fleete-streete neere the conduit 1604. To the right honorable Charles Earle of Deuonshire Lo Mountioye Lo Lieutenant of Ireland and one of his Maiesties most honorable Priuie Councell N. F. wisheth long life with increase of honour RIght Honorable hauing long since often weighed and considered with my selfe the great care paines that haue been taken in setting forth sundry necessary books for planting grafting of fruit finding it by much experience no lesse needfull that the right order in gatheting keeping thereof should be made knowen obserued I resolued at length for the general good of the whole kingdome to lay downe in this small Treatise the disorder and abuses of the vnskilful in this kinde together with the true due course to be taken therein The worke now finished I haue presumed though far vnworthy to publish it to the world vnder the shadow of your honorable protection as the first fruites of a willing minde ready to make tender of his humble seruice acknowledgement of all duty to your Lordship to performe it in what he may Not doubting but that as your Ho next vnder his Maiestie hath been the protectour preseruer of the whole realme of Ireland you will also vouchsafe to patronize and protect one Irish-borne who by long experience hath made triall of that which he deliuereth to others Wherefore humbly crauing that your Honour will bee pleased to accept hereof to giue it countenance that so the rather it may haue free passage in despite of malitious scornfull tongues into the hands of all such as desire to eat the fruite of their owne vineyards in their due season I conclude with my earnest and feruent prayers to Almighty God for the protection and preseruation of your good Lordship in all true honour happines in this life hereafter to make you partaker of that inualuable incorruptible fruit of the life eternall which groweth not in orchards of mens planting but in the Paradise of God Nouember the 7. Your Honours in all humblenesse N. F. The Epistle to the Reader GEntle Reader as there haue been diuers bookes set forth for the good of this land and the great encrease of fruite As of planting setting proyning and grafting also of preseruing them after the order of the Apothecary so amongst the rest bestowe the Reading of this little worke wherein you shall finde the true order of gathering carrying and keeping of all sorts of fruites in their season and how you shall know what time your seuerall fruites are ready to be gathered especially all kinde of pippins and apples all kinde of peares wardens Quinces and Medlers also cherries and other stone fruite whatsoeuer I omit the nominating of all kind of fruites for they be too many to be seuerally named And commonly euery fruite country hath their seuerall names although one kinde of fruite As Iohn-apples be in some places called Dewzings or long-lasters and Gooddings be called old Wiues c. Yet although not seuerally named you shall by this Treatise know the due course how to gather all kindes in their prime and season and afterwards to carry or conueigh them either by land or by water and then how to reserue or keep them to endure longest And afore I proceede to the Treatise it selfe I thinke meete to acquaint thee from whence our great plentie of fruite in England came One Richard Harris of London borne in Ireland Fruiterer to King Henry the eight fetched out of Fraunce great store of grafies especially pippins before which time there was no right pippins in England He fetched also out of the Lowe Countries Cherrie grafts Peare grafts of diuers sorts Then tooke a peece of ground belonging to the King in the parrish of Tenham in Kent being about the quantitie of seauen score acres whereof he made an Orchard planting therein all those foraigne grafts Which Orchard is and hath been from time to time the chiefe Mother of all other orchards for those kindes of fruites in Kent and of diuers other places And afore that these said grafts were fetched out of Fraunce and the Lowe Countries although that there was some store of fruite in England yet there wanted both rare fruite and lasting fine fruite The Dutch French finding it to be so scarce especially in these countries neere London commonly plyed Billings-gate diuers other places with such kinde of fruite But now thankes bee to God diuers Gentlemen others taking delight in grafting being a matter so necessary and beneficial in a Cōmon-wealth haue planted many Orchards fetching their grafts out of that Orchard which Harris planted called the Newgarden And by reason of the great increase that now is growing in diuers parts of this Land of such fine seruiceable fruit there is no need of any foraigne fruite but we are able to serue other places Now therefore since it hath pleased Almighty God to giue encrease plenty of fruite in this land and that diuers haue taken paines in the maintenance thereof of all degrees the better sort for their pleasure in that they doe delight to see the worke of their owne handes prosper as also to eate the fruite thereof the common sort for profit and for the better reliefe of their family In regard I say of the great paines that haue been taken in planting setting grafting proyning whereby a great deale of ground hath been taken vp which might serue for other good purposes I thought good to shew what course might bee taken that mens Labours be not lost nor such great quantity of groūd wherein fruite doth growe lye in waste as it were and become vnprofitable through ignorance of well handling the fruite after God hath giuen it For if there be not as great care taken for the well gathering and good vsage of fruite as hath been for the planting thereof I account most of the labour in planting lost and the grounds wherein they growe to lye partly waste and better to be vsed for some other good purpose But the fruite being well handled vsed the ground can bee turned to no better profit And so committing both thy endeuours and these my labours to the blessing of God I hasten to the Directions themselues Thy well-willer N.F. THE FRVITERERS SECRETS Of Cherries CHerries are the first fruite that are to be gathered

especially which here shal be mentioned Of which fruite there are foure sorts here in England that is to say Flemish cherries English cherries Gascoyne cherries and blacke cherries whereof two are chiefly to be mentioned that is the Flemish and the English The Flemish cherries are not so called in respect that they growe in Flaunders but that the first grafts and chiefe original of them came from Flaunders and therefore they are called Flemish cherries and in what place soeuer in England these graftes be or any trees growing from them from time to time since the first beginning of them they are sooner ripe then they that are naturally of themselues English Cheries in some places foureteene daies sooner in other some three weekes according to the forewardnes or backwardnes of the grownds wherin they grow But whersoeuer they grow although in one plot or acre of groūd you shall yet find that the one will be ripe before the other chāge their cullor red And as soone as you see your Cheries to change their color be red that is whē they beginto ripen you must haue a care that you set one to keep thē frō the birds which wil be very busie about them especially at the breake of day vntill eight of the clocke in the forenoone and so likewise when the heate of the day is past beginning at foure or fiue of the clocke vntill nine at night The keeper must with a peece shoote or make some other noise to feare the birds or with a sling to throw at them being carefull to watch at those times There are two kindes of birds especially that hurt cheries most the one is called a Iay which must be narrowly looked vnto or els she will pick the cheries as fast as they ripen The other which is called a Bulfinch will eate stones and all but you shall heare her chirpe before she lights vpon the tree The order of gathering of Cheries NOw for the gathering of your cheries because all cheries vpon a tree cannot be ripe and ready to be gathered at one time prouide a fine light ladder looking about your tree wher you see most store ripe there set it vp Be careful for placing thereof for feare of breaking any boughes Also you must haue a fine hooke in your hand called a gathering hooke to pull the bough tenderly vnto you which you cannot reach with your hand You must prouide you also a chery pot or kibzey to gather your cheries in and to the same cherie pot there must be tyed with a string a little hooke that when the gatherer sets to gather he may hang his chery pot vpon and bough neer as occasion serues and so to be remoued at his pleasure Alwaies prouided that the gatherer haue a great care that he pull no more but the very same stalke that the chery hangs by for the next knot or brut to the stalke is it commonly that yeelds fruite the yeare next ensuing At the gathering of your cheries there unist be great heede taken that they be not roughlie handled onely pull them off by the stalke and lay them into your pot For much handling of them being a very tender fruite will make them change their colour and turne blackish ¶ How to carry and conuey Cheries IF there be any great store of cheries that must be caryed any farre way from whence they be gathered there must be prouided eyther fine baskets or siues into which when the chery pots be full you must poure them out Each of these siues should haue two laths in the bottome on the outside not crost but both one way each lath must be about the breadth of two fingers and about the breadth of the palme of a mans hand betwixt or somewhat more asunder The reason why I wish these laths to be vsed in the bottome is because that when they be caryed vpon ones head the siue being weake bottomed of it selfe the carryers head will make a dent therein the breadth of his head which wold cause the cheryes in all that circle of his head to breake and to be brused but the two laths will keepe his head from spoyling of the cheryes and so to be easily carryed hauing a wreath or some such thing betwixt him and the laths for hurting of his head The French men commonly vse to carry their cherries in the very same pots that they gather them in neuer put them out vntill such times as they are to be spent The Dutchmen doe turne them out of their cherry pots into deepe rod-baskets This latter way is not so good For lying so thick one vpon another it quickly bringeth them into a heat and once being in a heat they presently rot But the Fruiterers of London whose way I holde to be the best doe first gather them into kibseis or little open baskets and by reason of their great quantity they poure them out gently into their siues or broad baskets made siue fashion so filling them that the siues or baskets may be three inches or there about emptie at the top For when they be put into a Ship Hoy or boate they are often for want of roome set one vpon another which would hurt the cherries if the siue or basket were full But otherwise they that haue no great store to carry or conueigh by land may conueigh them on horsebacke in a payre of panniers on each side one lyned thinne both in the bottom and top with fresh fearn Prouided that your panniers or baskets be full or els the fruite will be spoiled with tossing ¶ The order of gathering all other stone-fruite COncerning Apricocks Peaches Peare-plums Damsons bullase c. for the knowledge of gathering of them they are al much of a nature or qualitie For although in each kinde of them some ripen sooner then other some euen vpon one and the same tree yet as soone as they are ready to bee gathered some wil drop off and the rest remaine hard yet then are those hard ones also in their full tune to be gathered Then must you place your ladder as before is mentioned hauing a speciall care that you hurt not the tree also obseruing that it be dry weather and the morning deaw past For being gathered wet they wil both loose their perfect colour and become mildewed Then take your kibsey such as hath been shewed how to gather cherries withall and taking also a hooke in your hand to pull those boughes that you cannot reach haue ready by you a siue basket or some such thing that when your kibsey is full you may poure them thereinto In the bottom wherof lay nettles newly gathered and with the like couer them on the top which will hasten the ripening of them make them keepe their colour and cause them to eate as kindly as if they had been fully ripened vpon the tree But if you let them hang vpon the tree vntil they be full ripe they will drop off

and let it be layed to the walles standing vp as far as the fruite reacheth not thicke but onely sufficient to keep the fruite from the wall Which if it be a stone wall will giue at euery change of the weather If any other wall it wil be ful of dust Therfore the straw is good both to dry vp the moystnes before it comes to the fruite and likewise to keep away the dust But if the roome bee eyther wayne-scotted or boarded round there needs no straw betweene the walles and the fruite How winter-fruites of one sort and kinde are to be culled and sorted diuersly AS it is shewed how Summer-fruite that is such as be rathe fruite and to be spent in summer are to be ordered so now shall be shewed how winter or lasting fruite shall be vsed and kept in their kinde for their best lasting And as there be diuers kindes of fruite that will not last but must be vsed in summer some at one time and some at another so likewise there are diuers sorts which will naturally last some but til Alhollantide some till Christmas some till Landlemas other some till Shrouetide c. But especially Pippins Iohn apples or as some call them Dewzins Pear-maynes winter-russettings and such other lasting seruiceable fruite with good vsage will last till new fruite come in It is the order in Kent and in most fruite countryes in England when they haue great heapes of fruite lying in their houses to take a long rod or staffe with a nayle or some such sharpe poynted thing in the end thereof and with the same to take vp those they see rotten vpon the top or side of the heapes not regarding how they rot vndermost and in the heart of the heape where is more waste then in the outward parts And other some neuer stirre them but when they haue occasion to vse thē and then taking them vp and throwing out the rotten ones doe let the rest rot that will But if you haue any fruit that you meane to keep or reserue as long as they can by their seuerall naturall kindes they must be vsed in another sort When there is seene any perisht fruite eyther vpon the toppe or sides of your heape then it sheweth that some are rotten in the inner parts Therfore hauing a trey with the same gently take them vp being carefull that you neither thrust the trey hard to the heape nor with your nayles touch them And heere know that although the fruite of your heape be all of one kinde yet at the turning or taking vp of them they are to bee parted into three sorts for they will not keep alike although they grew all vpon one tree Therefore your trey being filled set it before you with your prickles or baskets round about you taking them out of the trey peruse them well and lay the hardest or those that are without spots which will last longest in the basket next vnto you laying them downe gently the other sort that are broken skinned stalke-pricked or vnder-run that is beginning to perish will be as good for the present time to spend and as sound as the other sort so that they be taken in time For when they begin once to be spotted or any way the skinne broken if it be but the breadth of a pins head they will not last long This second sort you must put into the second prickle or basket The third sort for your third basket are those that are already perisht or worme eaten which must be layed by themselues seuerall and spent out of hand and those that are found throughly rotten to bee cast out which will be but a fewe if they be carefully looked into shutting or pouring euery sort seuerall and alwayes as they are turning to bee vnderlayed with fresh sweet straw But if they be not taken vp looked to in time you shal haue them that be but stalk-prickt or any way broken skind soone rotten and the other that be but a little perisht whē these other begin to perish wil be all rotten and so spoile them that would last long The times when long lasting fruite should be stirred and turned PIppins Iohn-apples Peare-maines and other such long lasting fruite need not to bee turned vntill the weeke before Christmas except that there bee some riper kinde of fruite mingled with them which must be taken out or that the fallings haue not been taken out at the gathering or any strawe left amongst them The second time that you should turne these lasting kindes of fruite is about Shrouetide or the latter end of March or the beginning of Aprill For towards the spring all kinds of fruite will rot more thē at other times And so vntill Whitsontide turne them once in the month and afterwards once in a fortnight Still in the turning lay your heape lower and lower and your straw vnderneath them very thinne Alwaies prouided that you doe not touch your fruite in any great frost and especially if they bee in an open roome In a cellar or close roome where the frost cannot come at them they may be touched if there be any occasion of haste or else not so that you keepe the roome very close shut too when they be in turning At the thaw the fruite is wet and moyst and as long as they be so they must not be touched nor any way stirred vntill that they be dry againe And so likewise in rainy weather they will be danke and moyste and giue according to the weather at which times they may not be touched For being touched in any of those times aforesayd they wil turn black and hauing once changed colour they will not last Therefore in what roome soeuer you lay them set open your windows doores or other entrances for ayre that so the winde may come in vpon them in winter betwixt nine in the forenoone and foure in the afternoone and in summer you may open at sixe in the morning vntill eight at night For before and after these times the ayre is too colde In March open not your windowes at all for the March winde will cause the fruite to shrinke When Pippins and other long lasting fruite begin to be shriueled and the reason LAsting fruite after that the middle of May is past begin to wither by reason that then they waxe dryer And thē the moysture being gone which caused them to keep plumpe they looke withered and become smaller Also when nature is decayed in them doe what you can they will rot For in the Spring as the tree yeelds fruit springing and budding euery day more and more so doe the kirnels of the olde fruite at that time begin to swell sprout within and commonly it makes way at the stalke and there begins for the most part to rot FINIS A fault escaped Pag. 8. lyne 1. For very time Read very short time