their weapons as thicke as hailestones against vs slew diuers of our men and horses Hereupon the slaughter of our people still encreasing our maiestie imperiall deemed it requisite to stay behind and to succour our bands in the rereward and so expecting them we sustained the fierce encounter of many thousand Persians What exploits out Imperiall person atchieued in the same skirmish I hold it needlesse at this time to recount your maiestie may perhaps vnderstand more of this matter by them which were there present Howbeit our Imperiall highnesse being in the middest of this conflict and enduring the fight with so great danger all our hindermost troups both Greekes Latines and other nations retiring themselues close together and not being able to suffer the violence of their enemies weapons pressed on so hard and were caried with such maine force that hastening to ascend the next hill for their better safegard they vrged on them which went before whether they would or no. Whereupon much dust being raised which stopped our eyes and vtterly depriued vs of sight and our mē and horses pressing so sore one vpon the necke of another plunged themselues on the sudden into such a steepe and dangerous valley that treading one vpon another they quelled to death not onely a multitude of the common souldiours but diuers most honourable personages some of our neere kinsmen For who could restraine the irresistable throng of so huge a multitude Howbeit our Imperiall highnesse being enuironed with such swarmes of Infidels and giuing and receiuing wounds insomuch that the miscreants were greatly dismaied at our constancie we gaue not ouer but by Gods assistance wonne the field Neither did we permit the enemie to ascend vnto that place from whence we skirmished with him Neither yet spurred wee on our horse any faster for all their assaults But marshalling all our troupes together and deliuering them out of danger we disposed them about our Imperial person and so we ouertooke the foremost and marched in good order with our whole army Nowe the Soldan perceiuing that notwithstanding the great damages which we had sustained our Imperial highnes prouided to giue him a fresh encounter humbly submitting himselfe vnto vs and vsing submisse speaches made suite to haue peace at our hands and promised to fulfill the pleasure of our maiestie Imperiall to doe vs seruice against all commers to release all our subiects which were captiues in his realme and to rest wholy at our commaund Here therefore we remained two dayes with great authoritie and considering that wee could attempt nought against the citie of Iconium hauing lost all our warrelike engines both for defence and for batterie for that the oxen which drew them were slaine with the enemies weapons falling as thicke as hailestones and also for because all our beasts in a maner were most grieuously diseased our maiestie Imperial accepted of the Soldans petition league and oath being made and taken vnder our ensignes and granted our peace vnto him Then returned we into our owne dominions being greatly grieued for the losse of our deere kinsmen and yeelding vnto God most humble thanks who of his goodnesse had euen now giuen vs the victory We are right glad likewise that some of your maiesties princes and nobles accompanied vs in this action who are able to report vnto you all things which haue happened And albeit we were exceedingly grieued for the losse of our people yet thought it we expedient to signifie vnto you the successe of our affaires as vnto our welbeloued friend one who is very neerly allied vnto our highnesse Imperial by reason of the consanguinitie of our children Farewell Giuen in the moneth of Nouember and vpon the tenth Indiction ¶ The woorthy voiage of Richard the first K. of England into Asia for the recouerie of Ierusalem out of the hands of the Saracens drawen out of the booke of Acts and Monuments of the Church of England written by M. Iohn Foxe KIng Richard the first of that name for his great valure surnamed Ceur de Lion the sonne of Henry the second after the death of his father remembring the rebellions that he had vndutifully raised against him sought for absolution of his trespasse and in part of satisfaction for the same agreed with Philip the French king to take his voiage with him for the recouerie of Christes patrimonie which they called the Holy land whereupon the sayd king Richard immediately after his Coronation to prepare himselfe the better towards his iourney vsed diuers meanes to take vp summes of money and exacted a tenth of the whole Realme the Christians to make threescore and ten thousand pounds and the Iewes which then dwelt in the Realme threescore thousand Hauing thus gotten sufficient money for the exploite he sent certaine Earles and Barons to Philip the French king in the time of his Parliament at S. Denis to put him in mind of his promise made for the recouerie of Christs holy patrimonie out of the Saracens hands To whom he sent word againe in the moneth of December that he had bound himselfe by solemne othe deposing vpon the Euangelists that he the yeere next following about the time of Easler had certainly prefixed to addresse himselfe toward that iourney requiring him likewise not to faile but to bee ready at the terme aboue limited appointing also the place where both the Kings should meéte together In the yeere therfore 1190. King Richard hauing committed the gouernment of this realme in his absence to the bishop of Ely then Chancellor of England aduanced forward his iourney and came to Turon to meet with Philip the French king after that went to Vizeliac where the French king he ioyning together for the more continuance of their iourney assured themselues by solemne othe swearing fidelitie one to the other the forme of whose oth was this That either of them should defend and maintaine the honour of the other and beare true fidelitie vnto him of life members worldly honor and that neither of them should faile one the other in their affaires but the French King should aide the King of England in defending his land and dominions as he would himselfe defend his owne Citie of Paris if it were besieged and that Richard king of England likewise should aide the French king in defending his land and Dominions no otherwise then he would defend his owne Citie of Roan if it were besieged c. Concerning the lawes and ordinances appointed by K. Richard for his Nauie the forme therof was this 1. That who so killed any person on shipboord should be tied with him that was slaine and throwen into the sea 2. And if he killed him on the land he should in like maner be tied with the partie slaine and be buried with him in the earth 3. He that shal be conuicted by lawfull witnes to draw out his knife or weapon to the intent to strike any man or that hath
generall conâ—ent chosen Emperour of Russia Duae nauâ—s aedificatae in Duina fluuio ad patefactioneâ— Orieâ—â—â—lem Dolgoia Insula Insula Vaigats Sinus inter Valgats Obam vergens per meridiem ‖ Vel Naramsey Cara reca Littus Obae incolitur ab Ostijs trium dierum itinere Yaks Olgush locus super Obam fluuiuÌ„ duodecim dierum itinere à mari Ardoh flumen influens in lacum Kitthaym de quo in itinere ad Boghariam scribit Antonius Ienkinsonus Carrah Colmak est Cathaya * Or Oliuer Two ships built vpon the riuer of Dwina for the Northeast discouerie The Island of Dolgoia The Island of Uaigats A Baie betweene Uaigats and Ob trending Southerly * Or Naramsey and Cara Reca The place vpon the riuer Ob where he was but 12. dayes iourney froÌ„ y e mouthes thereof and is called Yaks Olgush * M. Ienkinson in his voyage to Boghar speaketh of the riâ—er Ardok The great hope of the Northeasterne discouerie Commentarij duae partes Primae partis tractatio Munst. lib. 4. Cosmographâ— Bidni nauigatio ab Islandia ad Noruagiam desertam Munsterus Olaus magnus reliqui Munsteruâ— Saâ—o Snelandia 874 Glacies Aprili aut Maio soluitur Kranzius Munsterus Magnitude Islandiae Munst. Frisius Ziegler Munst. Frisius Lib. 2. cap. 20. Cardanus Annales Islandie Frisius Munst. Speculum Regale Gronlandia ChronicaIslandie Frisius Munsterus Cosmograph vniuersal lib. 1. cap. 7. Frisius Ziegleâ—us Olauus Magâ— Frisius Munst. Frius Zieglerus Saâ—o â—eâ—esiâ—iliter 〈◊〉 Lib. 3. Nat. quest Lib. de â—â—â—ab auscultâ—â— Lib. 2. de Element Sulphur in boreali Islandiae parte Munst. Frisius Munst. 1585. SecuÌ„dae panis distributio 1. Capitis huius partis diuisio Krantzius Chronologiae Isi indicae gentis antiquissimae Vetustissimi annales 874 Islandia primum inhabitata 974 Fredericus Saxo. Anno dom 1000. Gronlandie Episcopus Munst. Krantz Frisius Negotiaâ—io eum Noruagis defijt Syluae fluctibus maris delatae Munsterus Krantzius Occasio harum fabularum Prouerb 14. Krantzius Munster Munsterus Krantiziuâ— 858 1260 Margareta Krantzius â—lunâ—teâ—â—â— Krantzius Munsterus Munster Munster Krantzius Frisius Veterum gesta apud Islandos conseruata 1. Obiectio sen conuicium 2. Conuitium 3. Conuitium 4.5.6 7. Conuitia 9. Conuicium Ratio conseruandi cibos sine sale â— Conuicium Vrbes Angliae commercia olim in Islandia exercentes The errors of the writers of Island intolerable Great errors grow vpon mariners fabulous reports Munsterin lib. 4. cosmographie Seâ—en dayes â—ailing from Island to Hamburg Island but two daâ—â—s â—aâ—â—ing distant from Faar-Islands from the deserâ— shoâ—es of Norway Munsterus Olaus Magâ—us and others Island is not within the circle arctic Munsterus Saxo. Island first discouered by Naddocus in a tempest Sneland Gardasholme Island The ice of Iseland set always to the West No ice at all some yeres â—â— Island Nauigation open to Island from March till the midst of Nouember Krantzius Munsterus Island 144 Germaine miles in compasse Munsteâ— Fâ—isiuâ— Ziegleâ—â—sâ— Munster as Frisius Thrâ—â— naturall causes of firie mountaiâ—â—â— Lib. 20. cap. 20. Cardanus The chronicles of Island Fâ—isius Munsterus Speculâ—m regâ—le wâ—iâ—tâ—â— in the Noruagian tongue Whâ—nce the fâ—blâ—s of Island grâ—w Frisius Munsterus Cosmographâ— vniversalis lib. 1. cap. 7. Fâ—isius Ziâ—glerus Olaus magnuâ— Frisius and Munster Taking of Seales on the ice Westerne wind is disperse the ice Ice floateth noâ— 7. or 8. moneths about Island Frisius Ziegleruâ— Saxo. Frisiuâ— Many hote Baths in Island The causes of hote Baths Lib. 3 nat quaest Riuers of Island in sommer season luke-warme In lib. de mirab â—usculâ— The same Author saieth Island free from snakes and other venemous beasts Brimstone Mines onely in the North part of Island Munster Abundance of fish about Island diminished Prisiu◠‖ Raine deere Munster Certain letters sent by Brandan bishop of Breme to preach Christian faith in the North. Who be the Islandish witters Speculum regâ—le Uultures beares and crowes come vpon the drift Ice into Island Krantzius in praefatione suae Norwegiae The first christian king of Norway Nialus the first knowne professour of Christian faith in Island A summe of the Islanders Religion Krantzius The most ancient Chronicles of Island Island first inhabited Fridericus Saxo the first preacher of the Christian faith in Island Anno Domini 981. Anno Domini 1000. A notable testimonie of Saxo concerning the Islanders An English man Bishop in Island Munsterus Krantziuâ— Friâ—ius Traffike with the people of Norway ceaseth Drift wood not so plentifull now as in times past Krantzius Munsterus Krantzius Munsterâ—s Coâ—ne of old time growing in Island Munsterâ—s Krantzius The occasion of the first inhabiting of Island by the people of Norway Haquinus coroâ—â—tus Krantzius Munsterus The occasion of this slander Krantzius Munsterus Munsterus Munsterus Krantzius Frisius The Islanders preserue in writing the acts of their ancestors The first obiection or reproch The second reproch The third reproch The 4,5,6 7 reproches The ninth reproch Want of salt in Island The Islanders meanes of preseruing their meates without salt The tenth reproch The commodities of Island The ancient traffique of England with Island Lawes against libels Commentarius breuis de Islandia per Arngrimum Ionam Islandum editus 1593. ‖ Biarmia Gronlandia olim suos habuit Episcopos This is the briefe Commentarie of Ionas Arngrimus immediatly going before ‖ Biarmia Gronland in old time had Christian Bishops The preparation of the Spanish king to subdue England and the lowe Countreys The number and qualitie of the ships in the Spanish Fleete with the souldiers Mariners and pieces of Ordinance A description of the Galeons A description of the Galliasses The great Ordinance bullets gun-poulder and other furniture Their prouision of victuals and other things necessary A Spanish terza consisteth of 3200. souldiers The preparation of the duke of Parma to aide the Spaniards The Popes furtherance to the conquest of England and of the low Countries A treatie of peace to the end that England and the vnited prouinces might be secure of inuasion Her maiesties warlike preparation by sea Her Maiesties land-forces The preparation of the vnited prouinces The Spanish fleete set saile vpon the 19. of May. They set saile from y e Groine vpon the 11. of Iuly The Spaniards come within kenning of England Captaine Fleming The L. Admirals short warning vpon the 19. of Iuly The 20. of Iuly The 21. of Iuly The 22. of Iuly Don Pedro de Valdez with his ship company taken A great Bistaine ship taken by the English The 23. of Iuly A great Venetian ship and other small ships taken by the English The 24. of Iuly The 25. of Iuly The 26. of Iuly The 27. of Iuly The Spaniards ancre before Caleis The 28. of Iuly The 29. of Iuly The 30. of Iuly The Spaniards vaine opinion concerning their own fleet The 28 of Iuly The galliasse of Hugo de Moncada cast vpon the showlds before Caleis M. Amias Preston valiantly boordeth the galliasse The
would withholde from him all other gold within the earth I sawe some of those people being very deformed creatures In Tangut I saw lusly tall men but browne and smart in colour The Iugures are of a middle stature like vnto our French men Amongst the Iugures is the originall and roote of the Turkish and Comanian languages Next vnto Tebet are the people of Langa and Solanga whose messengers I saw in the Tartars court And they had brought more then ten great cartes with them euery one of which was drawen with sixe oxen They be little browne men like vnto Spaniards Also they haue iackets like vnto the vpper vestment of a deacon sauing that the sleeues are somewhat streighter And they haue miters vpon their heads like bishops But the fore part of their miter is not so hollow within as the hinder part neither is it sharpe pointed or cornered at the toppe but there hang downe certaine square flappes compacted of a kinde of strawe which is made rough and rugged with extreme heat and is so trimmed that it glittereth in the sunne beames like vnto a glasse or an helmet well burnished And about their temples they haue long bands of the foresayd matter fastened vnto their miters which houer in the wind as if two long hornes grewe out of their heads And when the winde tosseth them vp and downe too much they tie them ouer the midst of their miter from one temple to another and so they lie circle wise ouerthwart their heads Moreouer their principal messenger comming vnto the Tartars court had a table of elephants tooth about him of a cubite in length and a handfull in breadth being very smoothe And whensoeuer hee spake vnto the Emperor himselfe or vnto any other great personage hee alwayes beheld that table as if hee had found therein those things which hee spake neither did he cast his eyes to the right hand nor to the lefte nor vpon his face with whom he talked Yea going too and fro before his lord he looketh no where but only vpon his table Beyond theÌ„ as I vnderstand of a certainty there are other people called Muc hauing villages but no one particular man of them appropriating any cattell vnto himselfe Notwithstanding there are many flockes and droâ—es of cattell in their countrey no man appointed to keepe them But when any one of them standeth in neede of any beast hee ascendeth vp vnto an hill and there maketh a shout and all the cattell which are within hearing of the noyse come flocking about him and suffer themselues to be handled and taken as if they were tame And when any messenger or stranger commeth into their countrie they shut him vp into an house ministring there things necessary vnto him vntill his businesse he dispatched For if anie stranger should trauell through that countrie the cattell would flee away at the very sent of him and so would become wilde Beyond Muc is great Cathâ—ya the inhabitants whereof as I suppose were of olde time called Seres For from them are brought most excellent stuffes of silke And this people is called Seres of a certain towne in the same countrey I was crediblie informedâ— that in the said countrey there is one towne hauing walles of siluer and bulwarkes or towers of golde There be many prouinces in that land the greater part whereof are not as yet subdued vnto the Tartars And amongst * Somewhat is wanting Part of the great Charter granted by king Edward the first to the Barons of the Cinque portes in the sixt yeere of his reigne 1278. for their good seruices done vnto him by sea wherein is mention of their former ancient Charters from Edward the Confessor William the Conqueror William Rufus Henry the second king Richard the first king Iohn and Henry the third continued vnto them EDward by the grace of God king of England lord of Ireland duke of Gascoigne to all Archbishops Bishops Abbots Priors Earles Barons Iustices Shirifs Prouosts Officers to all Bayliffes and true subiects greeting You shall knowe that for the faithfull seruice that our Barons of the fiue Ports hitherto to our predecessors kings of England vnto vs lately in our armie of Wales haue done and for their good seruice to vs and our heires kings of England truly to be continued in time to come we haue granted by this our Charter confirmed for vs and our heires to the same our Barons and to their heires all their liberties and freedomes So that they shall be free from all toll and from all custome that is to say from all lastage tollage passage cariage riuage asponsage and from all wrecke and from all their sale carying and recarying through all our realme and dominion with socke and souke toll and theme And that they shall haue Infangthefe and that they shall be wreckefree lastagefree and louecopfree And that they shall haue Denne and Strande at great Yarmouth according as it is contayned in the ordinance by vs thereof made perpetually to bee obserued And also that they are free from all shires and hundreds so that if any person will plead against them they shall not aunswere nor pleade otherwise then they were wont to plead in the time of the lord king Henrie our great grandfather And that they shall haue their findeâ—â—es in the sea and in the land And that they be free of all their goods and of all their marchandises as our freemen And that they haue their honours in our court and their liberties throughout all the land wheresoeuer they shall come And that they shall be free for euer of all their lands which in the time of Lord Henrie the king our father they possessed that is to say in the 44. yere of his reign from all maner of summonces before our Iustices to any maner of pleadings iourneying in what shire soeuer their lands are So that they shall not be bound to come before the Iustices aforesaid except any of the same Barons doe implead any man or if any man be impleaded And that they shall not pleade in any other place except where they ought and where they were wont that is to say aâ— Shepeway And that they haue their liberties and freedomes from hencefoorth as they and their predecessors haue had them at any time better more fully and honourably in the time of the kings of England Edward William the first William the second Henrie the king our great grandfatherâ— and in the times of king Richard and king Iohn our grandfathers and lord king Henrie our father by their Charters as the same Charters which the same our Barons thereof haue and which we haue seene doe reasonably testifie And we forbid that no man vniustly trouble them nor their marchandise vpon our forfeyture of ten pounds So neuerthelesse that when the same Barons shall fayle in doing of Iustice or in receiuing of Iustice our Warden and the
English lawes that the people and the lawes were in reputation and then were the wisest of the people worship-worthy euery one after his degree Earle and Churle Thein and vnder-Thein And if a churle thriued so that hee had fully five hides of his owne land a Church and a Kitchin a Belhouse and a gate a seate and a seuerall office in the Kings hall then was he thenceforth the Theins right worthy And if a Thein so thriued that he serued the king and on his message rid in his houshold if he then had a Thein that followed him the which to the kings iourney fiue hides had and in the kings seate his Lord serued and thrise with his errand had gone to the king he might afterward with his forâ—oth his lords part play at any great neede And if a Thein did thriue so that he became an Earle then was he afterward an Earles right worthie And if a Marchant so thriued that he passed thrise ouer the wide seas of his owne craft he was thencefoorth a Theins right worthie And if a scholar so prospered thorow learning that he degree had and serued Christ he was then afterward of dignitie and peace so much worthie as thereunto belonged vnlesse he forfaited so that he the vse of his degree vse ne might A testimonie of certaine priuiledges obtained for the English and Danish Marchants of Conradus the Emperour and Iohn the Bishop of Rome by Canutus the King of England in his iourney to Rome extracted out of a letter of his written vnto the Cleargie of England SIt vobis notum quia magna congregatio nobilum in ipsa solemnitate Pascali Romae cum Domino Papa Ioanne imperatore Conrado erat scilicet omnes principes gentium a monte Gargano vsque ad iâ—tum proximum Marâ—â— qui omnes me honorifice suscepere magnificis donis honorauere Maxime autem ab imperatore donis varijs muneribus pretiosis honoratus sum tam in vasis aureis argenteis quam in pallijs vestibus valde pretiosis Locutus sum igitur cum ipso imperatore Domino Papa principibus qui ibi erant de necessitatibus totius populi mei tam Angli quam Dani vt eis concederetur lex aequior pax securior in via RomaÌ„ adeundi ne tot clausuris per viam arcerentur propter iniustum teloneuÌ„ fatigarentur Annuitque postulatis Imperator Rodulphus Rex qui maxime ipsarum clausurarum dominatur cunctique principes edictis firmarunt vt homines mei tam Mercatores quà m alij orandi gratia viatores absque omni anguria clausurarum teloneaâ—iorum cum firma pace Romam eant redeant The same in English YOu are to vnderstand that at the feast of Easter there was a great company of Nobles with Pope Iohn and Conradus the Emperour assembled at Rome namely all the princes of the nations from mount Garganus vnto the West Ocean sea Who all of them honourably interteined me and welcomed mee with rich and magnificent gifts but especially the Emperour bestowed diuers costly presents and rewards vpon mee both in vessels of golde and siluer and also in cloakes and garments of great value Wherefore I conferred with the Emperour himselfe and the Pope and with the other Princes who were there present concerning the necessities of all my subiects both Englishmen and Danes that a more fauourable law secure peace in their way to Rome might bee graunted vnto them and that they might not bee hindered by so many stops impediments in their iourney and wearied by reason of iniust exactions And the Emperour condescended vnto my request and king Rodulphus also who hath greatest authoritie ouer the foresaid stops and streights and all the other princes confirmed by their Edicts that my subiects as well Marchants as others who trauailed for deuotions sake should without all hinderance and restraint of the foresaid stops and customers goe vnto Rome in peace and returne from thence in safetie The flourishing state of Marchandise in the Citie of London in the dayes of Willielmus Malmesburiensis which died in the yeere 1142. in the reigne of K. Stephen HAud longe a Rofa quasi viginti quinque milliarijs est Londonia Ciuitas nobilis opima ciuium diuitijs constipata negociatorum ex omni terra maxime ex Germania venientium commercijs Vnde fit vt cum vbique in Anglia caritas victualium pro sterili prouentu messium sit ibi necessaria distrahantur emantur minore quà m alibi vel vendentium compendio vel ementium dispendio Peregrinas inuehit merces Ciuitatis sinibus Tamesis fluuius famosus qui citra vrbem ad ' 80. milliaria fonticulo fusus vltra plus 70. nomen profert The same in English NOt farre from Rochester about the distance of fiue and twenty miles standeth the Noble Citie of London abounding with the riches of the inhabitants and being frequented with the traffique of Marchants resorting thither out of all nations and especially out of Germanie Whereupon it commeth to passe that when any generall dearth of victuals falleth out in England by reason of the scarcitie of corne things necessary may there be prouided and bought with lesse gaine vnto the sellers and with lesse hinderance and losse vnto the buyers then in any other place of the Realme Outlandish wares are conueighed into the same Citie by the famous riuer of Thames which riuer springing out of a fountaine 80. miles beyond the Citie is called by one and the selfe same name .70 miles beneath it The aforesaid William of Malmesburie writeth of traffike in his time to Bristowe in his fourth booke degestis pontificum Anglorum after this maner IN eadem valle est vicus celeberrimus Bristow nomine in quo est nauium portus ab Hibernia Norwegia caeteris transinarinis terris venientium receptaculum ne scilicet genitalibus diuitijs tam fortunata regio peregrinarum opum frauderetur commercio The same in English IN the same valley stands the famous Towne of Bristow with an Hauen belonging thereunto which is a commodious and safe receptacle for all ships directing their course for the same from Ireland Norway and other outlandish and foren countreys namely that a region so fortunate and blessed with the riches that nature hath vouchsafed thereupon should not bee destitute of the wealth and commodities of other lands The league betweene Henry the second and Fredericke Barbarossa Emperour of Germanie wherein is mention of friendly traffike betweene the Marchants of the Empire and England confirmed in the yeere of our Lord 1157. recorded in the first Booke and seuenteenth Chapter of Radeuicus Canonicus Frisingensis being an appendix to Otto Frisingensis IBidem tunc affuere etiam Henrici Regis Angliae missi varia preciosa donaria multo lepore verborum adornata praestantes Inter quae papilionem vnum quantitate maximum qualitate optimum perspeximus
Giuen in our castle of Marienburg in the yeare of our Lord 1398 and vpon the 22. day of February Frater Conradus de Iungingen master generall of the Order of the Dutch knights of S. Maries hospital at Ierusalem A briefe relation of VVilliam Esturmy and Iohn Kington concerning their ambassages into Prussia and the Hans-townes IN primis that in the moueth of Iuly and in the yeare of our Lord 1403 and the fift yeare of the reigne of our souereigne Lord the king that nowe is there came into England the ambassadours of the mighty lord Fr Conradus de lungingen being then Master general of Prussia with his letters directed vnto our foresayd souereigne lord the king requiring amends and recompense for certaine iniuries vniustly offered by English men vnto the subiects of the sayd Master generall written in 20. articles which amounted vnto the summe of 19120. nobles and a halfe c. Item that the third day of the moneth of October in the yeare of our Lord aboue written and in the fift yere of the reigne of our soueraigne lord the king between the reuerend father in God Henrie then bishop of Lincolne lord chancelor and William lord de Roos high treasurer of England on the one party and the sayd ambassadours on the other party it was according to their petition amongst other things ordayned namely that the liege people of our soueraigne lord the king should freely he permitted vntill the feast of Easter then next after ensuing to remaine in the land of Prussia and from thence with their goods marchandises to returne vnto their own home and also that the subiects of the sayd Master generall in the kingdome of England should haue licence and liberty to doe the like Prouided alwayes that after the time aboue limitted neither the English marchants in the land of Prussia nor the Prussian marchaÌ„ts in the realme of England should vse any traffique of marchandise at all vnlesse in the meane space it were otherwise agreed and concluded by the sayd king and the sayd Master general Item immediately after our sayd soueraigne lord the king sent his letters by Iohn Browne marchant of Lin vnto the foresayd Master generall for to haue mutuall conuersation and intercourse of dealing to continue some certain space betweene the marchants of England and of Prussia promising in the same letters that he would in the meane season send vnto the foresayd Master his ambassadors to intreat about the pretended iniuries aforesaid which letters the foresayd Master for diuers causes refused to yeelde vnto as in his letters sent vnto our lord the king bearing date the 16. day of the moneth of Iuly in the yeare of our lord 1404. more plainely appeareth Item that after the receit of the letters of the Master aforesaid which are next aboue mentioned our sayd king according to his promise sent William Esturmy knight M. Iohn Kington câ—erke and William Brampton citizen of London from his court of parliament holden at Couentrie very slightly informed as his ambassadours into Prussia Item before the arriuall of the sayd ambassadours in Prussia all intercourse of traffique betweene the English and the Prussians in the realme of England and in the land of Prussia was altogether restrained and prohibited and in the same land it was ordayned and put in practise that in whatsoeuer porte of the land of Prussia any English marchant had arriued with his goods he was not permitted to conueigh the sayd goods out of that porte vnto any other place of the land of Prussia either by water or by lande vnder the payne of the forfeiting of the same but was enioyned to sell them in the very same porte vnto the Prussians onely and to none other to the great preiudice of our English marchants Item that after the arriuall of the sayd English ambassadours in the land of Prussia it was ordayned that from the eight day of the moneth of October in the yeare of our lord 1405 all English marchants whatsoeuer should haue free liberty to arriue with all kindes of their marchandise in whatsoeuer port of the land of Prussia and to make sale of them in the said land as hath heretofore from auncient times bene accustomed Also sundry other commodious priuiledges vnto the realme of England were then ordayned and established as in the indentures made for this purpose it doth more manifestly appeare Item the said English ambassadours being arriued in the land of Prussia demanded of the â—aid Master generall a reformation and amends for the damages and iniuries offered by the Prussians vnto the liege people of our souereigne lord and king written in fifteene articles which losses amounted vnto the summe of 4535. nobles Item the said Master generall besides the articles exhibited vnto our soueraigne lord the king as it is aboue mentioned deliuered vnto the sayd ambassadours diuers other articles of certaine iniuries offered as he â—ayth vniustly by English men vnto his subiects which amounted vnto the summe of 5100. nobles Item it was afterward concluded that vpon the first of May next then insuing namely in the yeere of our Lord 1406 or within the space of one yeare immediatly following there should bee made a conuenâ—ent iust and reasonable satisfaction for all molestatious vniustly ofâ—â—red on both partes as well on the behalfe of our soueraigne lord the king as of the foresayd Master general Which satisfaction not being performed the Prussians with their goods marchandises within three moneths after the end of the sayd yere next following were without molestation or impediment enioined to depart out of the realme of England with their ships and goods and the English men likewise out of the territories and dominions of the said Master general both of them without any further admonition to abstaine separate themselues from both the countreis aforesayd For the performance of which premisses the ambassadors on both parts being sufficiently instructed were appointed to meete the first day of May at the towne of Dordract in Holland Item that the sayd William Esturmy and Iohn Kington in their returne homewards from Prussia towards England passed through the chiefe cities of the Hans and treated in such sorte with the Burgomasters of them that there were sent messengers and agents in the behalfe of the common society of the Hans marchants vnto the towne of Dordract to conferre with the ambassadors of England about the redressing of iniuries attempted on both parts where diuers agreements were set downe betweene the sayd ambassadors and messengers as in the indentures made for the same purpose it doth more manifestly appeare Item that the meeting appointed at the towne of Dordract vpon the first of May was by the letters of the foresayd ambassadors proroged vnto the first of August then next ensuing and afterward by vertue of the kings letters vnto the first day of March next following and there was another day of prorogation also Item that after the prorogations aforesayd
Liuonia doe demaund restitution namely waxe and furres redounded vnto the vse and commoditie of our soueraigne lord the king And also our said soueraigne lord the king gaue commandement by his letters that some of the sayd goods should be deliuered vnto others And a great part of them is as yet reserued in the towne of Newcastle One Benteld also hath the best of the sayd three ships in possession Also it is reported and thought to be true that certaine Furriers of London which will be detected in the end haue had a great part of the sayd goods namely of the Furres Now as concerning the cities of the Hans IN primis the Hamburgers exhibited nine articles wherein they demaunded restitution for certaine damages offered as they sayd by the English men the value of which losses amounted vnto the summe of 9117. nobles 20. pence For the which after due examination there was promised restitution to the summe of 416. nobles 5. shillings Besides the two articles propounded against theÌ„ of Scardeburg the summe wherof was 231. pounds 15. s. 8. d. coÌ„cerning the which there was sentence giuen in England by the coÌ„missioners of our lord the king the execution wherof was promised vnto the said Hamburgers by the ambassadors of England leaue and licence being reserued vnto the sayd Hamburgers of declaring or explaning certaine obscure articles by them exhibited which declaration was to be made at the feast of Easter then next to come or within one yeare next ensuing the said feast vnto the chancelor of England for the time being and of proouing the sayd articles and others also which haue not as yet sufficiently bene proued Which being done they are to haue full complement and execution of iustice Also by the Hamburgers there are demaunded 445. nobles from certaine of the inhabitants of Linne in England Which summe if it shal be prooued to be due vnto any English men the Hamburgers are to rest contented with those goods which they haue already in their possessions Item they of Breme propounded â—â—xe articles wherein the summe conteined amounteth vnto 4414. nobles And there was no satisfaction promised vnto them But the same libertie and licence was reserued vnto them in like maner as before vnto the Hamburgers Item they of Stralessund propounded 23. articles wherof the summe amounted vnto 7415. nobles 20. d. for the which there was promised satisfaction of 253. nobles 3. q. Also here is a caueat to be obserued that they of Stralessund had of English mens goods a great summe particularly to be declared which will peraduenture suffice for a recompense And some of their articles are concerning iniuries offered before 20,22,23,24 yeres past Also their articles are so obscure that they will neuer or very hardly be able to declare or proue them Howbeit there is reserued the very same liberty vnto them that was before vnto the Hamburgers Item they of Lubec propounded 23. articles the summe whereof extended vnto 8690. nobles and an halfe whereupon it was agreed that they should haue paied vnto them 550. nobles There was reserued the same libertie vnto them which was vnto the men of Stralessund Item they of Gripeswold exhibited 5. articles the summe whereof amounted vnto 2092. nobles and an halfe For the which there was promised satisfaction of 153. nobles and an half And the said men of Gripeswold haue of the goods of English men in possession to the value of 22015. nobles 18. s as it is reported by them of Linne And the same libertie is reserued vnto them that was vnto the Hamburgers Item they of Campen propounded ten articles the summe whereof extended vnto 1405. nobles There is no satisfaction promised vnto them but the same liberty is reserued vnto them which was vnto the other abouementioned Item the ambassadors of England demanded of the citizens of Rostok Wismer for damages iniuries by them committed against the subiects of the foresayd souereigne king 32407. nobles 2. s. 10. d. And albeit euery of the foresayd cities sent one of their burgomasters vnto the towne of Hage in Holland to treat with the English ambassadours it was in the end found out that they had not any authority of negotiating or concluding ought at al. And therfore they made their faithfull promises that euery of the said cities should send vnto our soueraigne Lord the king one or two procurator or procurators sufficiently instructed to treat conclude with our said souereigne lord the king about the damages and iniuries aforesaid at the feast of the nauitie of Saint Iohn the Baptist. Compositions and ordinances concluded between the messengers of Frater Conradus de Iungingen master generall of Prussia and the chancelor and treasurer of the realme of England 1403. IN the yere of our Lord 1403 vpon the feast of S. Michael the Archangel the right hono Henrie bishop of Lincoln chancelor of England and the lord de Roos high treasurer of England the ambassadors of Prussia Iohn Godek of Dantzik Henry Monek of Elbing masters of the same cities haue at Westminster treated in maner of composition about the articles vnderwritten between the most souereigne lord the king of England and the right reuerend honorable Conradus de Iungingen Master general of Prussia as concerning the iniuries offered vnto the people of Prussia and Liuonia vpon the sea by the English First that all ships with their appurtenances the commodities of the mariners according vnto the condition of the things and all other goods taken away by the English which are actually vndiuided whole are incontinently with al speed to bee restored And if there bee any defect in ought the value of the said defect is to be accounted with other losses of goods to be restored at the terme of the restitution to be made and deliuered Item that all ships damages and goods as they are conteined in our bill of accusation which are not now immediately restored are to be restored and payd in the land of Prussia between this and the terme appointed with full execution and complement of iustice Item concerning the persons throwen ouer boord or slaine in the sea it shall remayne to bee determined at the will and pleasure of the most mighty prince the king of England and of the right reuerend the Master of Prussia Item betwene this and the terme appointed for the restoring of the goods taken away vntill there be due payment restitution of the said goods performed the marchants of England and of Prussia are in no wise to exercise any traffique of marchandise at all in the foresaid lands Memorandum that the third day of the moneth of October in the yere of our Lord 1403. and in the fift yere of the reigne of the most mighty prince and lord king Henrie the fourth by the grace of God king of England and France c. betweene the reuerend father Henrie bishop of Lincolâ— chancelor and the
whose highnesse arriuing the one and twentie of March the same Ambassadour the fiue and twentieth of March being the Annunciation of our Ladie the day tweluemoneth he tooke his leaue from the Emperour his master was most honourably brought to the King and Queenes maiesties court at Westminster where accompanied first with the said Uiscount and other notable personages and the merchants hee arriuing at Westminster bridge was there receiued with sixe lords conducted into a stately chamber where by the lords Chancellor Treasurer Priuie seale Admirall bishop of Elie and other Counsellers hee was visited and saluted and consequently was brought vnto the Kings and Queenes maiesties presence sitting vnder a stately cloth of honour the chamber most richly decked and furnished and most honourably presented Where after that hee had deliuered his letters made his Oration giuen two timber of Sables and the report of the same made both in English and Spanish in most louing maner embraced was with much honour and high entertainement in sight of a great confluence of people Lordes and Ladies eftsoones remitted by water to his former lodging to the which within two dayes after by the assignement of the King and Queenes maiesties repaired and conferred with him secretly two graue Counsellers that is the lord Bishop of Elie and Sir William Peter Knight chiefe Secretary to their Highnesse who after diuers secret talkes and conferences reported to their highnesse their proceedings the grauitie wisedome and stately behauiour of the sayd Ambassadour in such sort as was much to their maiesties contentations Finally concluding vpon such treaties and articles of amitie as the letters of the Kings and Queenes maiesties most graciously vnder the great seale of England to him by the sayd counsellers deliuered doth appeare The three and twentieth of April being the feast of S. George wherein was celebrated the solemnitie of the Noble order of the Garter at Westminster the same lord ambassadour was eftsoones required to haue audience and therefore conducted from the sayd lodging to the court by the right Noble the lords Talbot and Lumley to their maiesties presence where after his Oration made and thanks both giuen and receiued hee most honourably tooke his leaue with commendations to the Emperour Which being done he was with special honour led into the chappell where before the Kings and Queens maiesties in the sight of the whole Order of the Garter was prepared for him a stately seate wherein he accompanied with the Duke of Norfolke the lords last aboue mentioned and many other honorable personages was present at the whole seruice in ceremonies which were to him most acceptable the diuine seruice ended he eftsoones was remitted and reduced to his barge and so repaired to his lodging in like order and gratulation of the people vniuersally as before The time of the yeere hasting the profection and departure of the Ambassador the merchants hauing prepared foure goodly and well trimmed shippes laden with all kinds of merchandises apt for Russia the same Ambassadour making prouision for such things as him pleased the same ships in good order valed downe the Riuer of Thames from London to Grauesend where the same Ambassadour with his traine and furniture was imbarked towards his voyage homeward which God prosper in all felicitie It is also to be remembred that during the whole abode of the sayd Ambassadour in England the Agents of the sayde marchants did not onely prosecute and pursue the matter of restitution in Scotland and caused such things to be laden in an English shippe hired purposely to conuey the Ambassadours goods to London there to be deliuered to him but also during his abode in London did both inuite him to the Maior and diuers worshipfull mens houses feasting and banquetting him right friendly shewing vnto him the most notable and commendable sights of London as the kings palace and house the Churches of Westminster and Powles the Tower and Guild hall of London and such like memorable spectacles And also the said 29. day of April the said merchants assembling themselues together in the house of the Drapers hal of London exhibited and gaue vnto y e said Ambassador a notable supper garnished with musicke Enterludes and bankets in the which a cup of wine being drunke to him in the name and â—lieu of the whole companie it was signified to him that the whole company with most liberal and friendly hearts did frankly giue to him and his all maner of costs and charges in victuals riding from Scotland to London during his abode there and vntill setting of saile aboord the ship requesting him to accept the same in good part as a testimonie and witnes of their good hearts zeale and tendernesse towards him and his countrey It is to be considered that of the Bona Speranza no word nor knowledge was had at this present day nor yet of the arriuall of the ships or goods from Scotland The third of May the Ambassadour departed from London to Grauesend accompanied with diuers Aldermen and merchants who in good gard set him aboord the noble shippe the Primrose Admiral to the Fleete where leaue was taken on both sides and parts after many imbracements and diuers farewels not without expressing of teares Memorandum that the first day of May the Counsellers videlicet the Bishop of Elye and Sir William Peter on the behalfe of the Kings and Queenes Maiesties repairing to the lorde Ambassadour did not onely deliuer vnto him their highnes letters of recommendations vnder the great seale of England to the Emperour very tenderly and friendly written but also on their maiesties behalfe gaue and deliuered certaine notable presents to the Emperours person and also gifts for the lord Ambassadours proper vse and behoofe as by the particulars vnder written appeareth with such further good wordes and commendations as the more friendly haue not bin heard whereby it appeareth how well affected their hoâ—ours be to haue and continue amitie and traffique betweene their honours and their subiects which thing as the kings and Queenes maiesties haue shewed of their princely munificences liberalities so haue likewise the merchants and fellowship of the Aduenturers for and to Russia manifested to the world their good willes mindes and zeales â—orne to this new commensed voyage as by the discourse aboue mentioned and other the notable actes ouer long to be recited in this present memoriall doeth and may most clearely appeare the like whereof is not in any president or historie to bee shewed Forasmuch as it may bee doubted how the ship named the Edward Bonauenture suffered shipwracke what became of the goods howe much they were spoiled and deteined how little restored what charges and expenses ensued what personages were drowned how the rest of the ships either arriued or perished or howe the disposition of almightie God hath wrought his pleasure in them how the same ambassadour hath bene after the miserable case of shipwracke in Scotland vnreuerently abused and consequently into
the English Nation made without the Streight of Gibraltar to the Islands of the Açores of Porto Santo Madera and the Canaries to the kingdomes of Barbary to the Isles of Capo Verde to the Riuers of Senega Gambra Madrabumba and Sierra Leona to the coast of Guinea and Benin to the Isles of S. Thomé and Santa Helena to the parts about the Cape of Buona Esperanza to Quitangone neere Mozambique to the Isles of Comoro and Zanzibar to the citie of Goa beyond Cape Comori to the Isles of Nicubar Gomes Polo and Pulo Pinaom to the maine land of Malacca and to the kingdome of Iunsalaon ¶ By RICHARD HACKLVYT Preacher and sometime Student of Christ-Church in Oxford Imprinted at London by George Bishop Ralph Newbery and Robert Barker ANNO 1599. TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE Sir Robert Cecil Knight principall Secretarie to her Maiestie master of the Court of Wardes and Liueries and one of her Maiesties most honourable priuie Counsell RIght honorable hauing newly finished a Treatise of the long Voyages of our Nation made into the Leuant within the Streight of Gibraltar from thence ouer-land to the South and Southeast parts of the world all circumstances considered I found none to whom I thought it fitter to bee presented then to your selfe wherein hauing begun at the highest Antiquities of this realme vnder the gouernment of the Romans next vnder the Saxons and thirdly since the conquest vnder the Normans I haue continued the histories vnto these our dayes The time of the Romans affoordeth small matter But after that they were called hence by â—orren inuasions of their Empire and the Saxons by degrees became lords in this Iland and shortly after receiued the Christian faith they did not onely trauell to Rome but passed further vnto Ierusalem and therewith not contented Sigelmus bishop of Shireburne in Dorcetshire caried the almes of king Alfred euen to the Sepulcher of S. Thomas in India which place at this day is called Maliapor and brought from thence most fragrant spices and rich iewels into England which iewels as William of Malmesburie in two sundry treatises writeth were remaining in the aforesayd Cathedrall Church to be seene euen in his time And this most memorable voyage into India is not onely mentioned by the aforesayd Malmesburie but also by Florentius Wigorniensis a graue and woorthy Author which liued before him and by many others since and euen by M. Foxe in his first volume of his Acts and Monuments in the life of king Alfred To omit diuers other of the Saxon nation the trauels of Alured bishop of Worcester through Hungarie to Constantinople and so by Asia the lesse into Phoenicia and Syria and the like course of Ingulphus not long afterward Abbot of Croiland set downe particularly by himselfe are things in mine opinion right worthy of memorie After the comming in of the Normans in the yeere 1096 in the reigne of William Rufus and so downward for the space of aboue 300 yeeres such was the ardent desire of our nation to visite the Holy land and to expell the Saracens and Mahumetans that not only great numbers of Erles Bishops Barons and Knights but euen Kings Princes and Peeres of the blood Roiall with incredible deuotion courage and alacritie intruded themselues into this glorious expedition A sufficient proofe hereof are the voiages of prince Edgar the nephew of Edmund Ironside of Robert Curtois brother of William Rufus the great beneuolence of king Henry the 2. and his vowe to haue gone in person to the succour of Ierusalem the personall going into Palestina of his sonne king Richard the first with the chiualrie wealth and shipping of this realme the large contribution of king Iohn and the trauels of Oliuer Fitz-Roy his sonne as is supposed with Ranulph Glanuile Erle of Chester to the siege of Damiata in AEgypt the prosperous voyage of Richard Erle of Cornwall elected afterward king of the Romans and brother to Henry the 3 the famous expedition of prince Edward the first king of the Norman race of that name the iourney of Henry Erle of Derbie duke of Hereford and afterward king of this realme by the name of Henry the 4 against the citie of Tunis in Africa and his preparation of ships and gallies to go himselfe into the Holy land if he had not on the sudden bene preuented by death the trauel of Iohn of Holland brother by the mothers side to king Richard the 2 into those parts All these either Kings Kings sonnes or Kings brothers exposed themselues with inuincible courages to the manifest hazard of their persons liues and liuings leauing their ease their countries wiâ—es and children induced with a Zelous deuotion and ardent desire to protect and dilate the Christian faith These memorable enterprises in part concealed in part scattered and for the most part vnlooked after I haue brought together in the best Method and breuitie that I could deuise Whereunto I haue annexed the losse of Rhodes which although it were originally written in French yet maketh it as honourable and often mention of the English natioÌ„ as of any other Christians that serued in that most violent siege After which ensueth the princely promise of the bountifull aide of king Henry the 8 to Ferdinando newly elected king of Hungarie against Solyman the mortall enemie of Christendome These and the like Heroicall intents and attempts of our Princes our Nobilitie our Clergie our Chiualry I haue in the first place exposed and set foorth to the view of this age with the same intention that the old Romans set vp in wax in their palaces the Statuas or images of their worthy ancestors whereof Salust in his treatise of the warre of Iugurtha writeth in this maner Saepe audiui ego Quintum maximum Publium Scipionem praeterea ciuitatis nostrae praeclaros viros solitos ita dicere cum maiorum imagines intuerentur vehementissimè animum sibi ad virtutem accendi Scilicet non ceram illam neque figuram tantam vim in sese habere sed memoria rerum gestarum flammam eam egregijs viris in pectore crescere neque prius sedari quà m virtus eorum famam gloriam adaequauerit I haue often heard quoth he how Quintus maximus Publius Scipio and many other worthy men of our citie were woont to say when they beheld the images and portraitures of their ancestors that they were most vehemently inflamed vnto vertue Not that the sayd wax or portraiture had any such force at all in it selfe but that by the remembring of their woorthy actes that flame was kindled in their noble breasts and could neuer be quenched vntill such time as their owne valure had equalled the fame and glory of their progenitors So though not in wax yet in record of writing haue I presented to the noble courages of this English Monarchie the like images of their famous predecessors with hope of like effect in their posteritie And here by the way if any man shall think
authoritie For the second point when it pleased your Honour in sommer was two yeeres to haue some conference with me and to demaund mine opinion touching the state of the Country of Guiana and whether it were fit to be planted by the English I then to my no small ioy did admire the exact knowledge which you had gotten of those matters of Indian Nauigations and how carefull you were not to be ouertaken with any partiall affection to the Action appeared also by the sound arguments which you made pro contra of the likelihood and reason of good or ill successe of the same before the State and common wealth wherein you haue an extraordinarie voyce should be farther engaged In consideration whereof I thinke my selfe thrise happie to haue these my trauailes censured by your Honours so well approued iudgement Touching the third and last motiue I cannot but acknowledge my selfe much indebted for your fauourable letters heretofore written in my behalfe in mine honest causes Whereunto I may adde that when this worke was to passe vnto the presse your Honour did not onely intreate a worthy knight a person of speciall experience as in many others so in marine causes to ouersee and peruse the same but also vpon his good report with your most fauourable letters did warrant and with extraordinarie commendation did approue and allow my labours and desire to publish the same Wherefore to conclude seeing they take their life and light from the most cheerefull and benigne aspect of your fauour I thinke it my bounden dutie in all humilitie and with much bashfulnesse to recommend my selfe and them vnto your right Honorable and fauourable protection and your Honour to the mercifull tuition of the most High From London this 24. of October 1599. Your Honors most humble to be commanded Richard Hakluyt preacher ¶ A Catalogue of the English Voyages made by and within the Streight of Gibraltar to the South and Southeast quarters of the world conteined in the first part of this second volume Voyages before the Conquest 1 THe voyage of Helena the Empresse daughter of Coelus king of Britain and mother of Constantine the Great to Ierusalem An. 337. pag. 1.2 2 The voyage of Constantine the Great Emperour and king of Britaine to Greece AEgypt Persia and Asia Anno 339. pag. 2.3 3 The voyage of Pelagius Cambrensis vnder Maximus king of the Britaines into AEgypt and Syria Anno 390. pag. 4 4 The voyage of certaine Englishmen sent by the French king to Constantinople vnto Iustinian the Emperour about the yeere of our Lord 500. pag. 4 5 The memorable voyage of Sighelmus bishop of Shirburne sent by king Alphred vnto S. Thomas of India An. 883. confirmed by two testimonies pag. 5 6 The voyage of Iohn Erigen vnder king Alphred to Athens in the yeere of our Lorde 885. pag. 5.6 7 The voyage of Andrew Whiteman aliâs Leucander vnder Canutus the Dane to Palastina Anno 1020. pag. 6 8 The voyage of Swanus one of the sonnes of Earle Godwin vnto Ierusalem Anno 1052. pag. 6 9 A voyage of three Ambassadours sent in the time of king Edward the Confessor vnto Constantinople and from thence vnto Ephesus Anno 1056. pag. 7 10 The voyage of Alured bishop of Worcester vnto Ierusalem Anno 1058. pag. 8 11 The voyage of Ingulphus afterward Abbat of Croiland vnto Ierusalem An. 1064. pag. 8.9 Voyages since the Conquest 12 A Voyage made by diuerse of the honourable family of the Beauchamps with Robert Curtois the sonne of William the Conquerour to Ierusalem Anno 1096. pag. 10 13 The voyage of Gutuere an English Lady married vnto Baldwine brother of Godfrey duke of Bouillon toward Ierusalem An. 1097. 10.11 14 The voyage of Edgar the sonne of Edward which was the sonne of Edmund surnamed Ironside brother vnto king Edward the Confessor being accompanied with valiant Robert the sonne of Godwine to Ierusalem Anno 1102. 11 15 The voyage of Godericus a valiant Englishman who trauailed with his ships in an expedition vnto the holy land Anno 3. Hen. 1. 12 16 The voyage of Hardine an Englishman and one of the principall commaunders of 200 sayles of Christians ships which arriued at Ioppa Anno 1102 12. 13 17 A voyage by sea of Englishmen Danes and Flemings who arriued at Ioppa in the holy land the seuenth yeere of Baldwine the second king of Ierusalem and in the 8. yeere of Henry the first king of England pag. 13,14 15 18 The voyage of Athelard of Bathe to AEgypt and Arabia in the yeere of our Lord 1130 pag. 15. 16 19 The voyage of William Archbishop of Tyre to Ierusalem and to the citie of Tyre in Phoenicia Anno 1130. 16 20 The voyage of Robert Ketenensis vnder king Stephen to Dalmatia Greece and Asia Anno 1143. 16 21 A voyage of certaine Englishmen vnder the conduct of Lewis the French king vnto the holy land Anno 1147. 17 22 The voyage of Iohn Lacy to Ierusalem Anno 1173 17 23 The voyage of William Mandeuile Erle of Essex to Ierusalem Anno 1177. 17 24 The famous voyage of Richard the first king of England into Asia for the recouering of Ierusalem out of the hands of the Saracens Anno 1190. 20 25 The voyage of Baldwine Archbishop of Canterbury vnto Syria and Palaestina in the yeere 1190. 28 26 The voyage of Richard Surnamed Canonicus vnder king Richard the first into Syria and Palaestina Anno 1190. 30 27 The voyage of Gulielmus Peregrinus vnder king Richard the first to Palaestina Anno 1190. 30 28 The voyage of Hubert Walter bishop of Salisbury vnder king Richard also vnto Syria Anno 1190. 31 29 The voyage of Robert Curson a nobleman of England and a Cardinall vnder Hen. the third to Damiata in AEgypt Anno 1218. 31. 32 30 The voyage of Rainulph Earle of Chester of Saer Quincy Earle of Winchester of William de Albanie Earle of Arundel c. to the holy land Anno 1218. 32 31 The voyage of Henry Bohun and Saer Quincy to the holy land in the yeere of our Lord 1222. 32 32 The voyage of Rainulph Glanuile Earle of Chester to the holy land and to Damiata in AEgypt 32 33 The voyage of Petrus de Rupibus bishop of Winchester to Ierusalem Anno 1231. 33 34 The honourable voyage of Richard Earle of Cornwall brother to king Hen. the third accompanied with William Long-espee Earle of Salisburie and diuerse other noblemen into Syria Anno 1240. 33 35 The voyage of William Long-espee or Long-sword Erle of Salisburie into AEgypt with Lewis the French king Anno 1248. 33 36 The voyage of prince Edward the sonne of king Henry the third into Syria An. 1270. 36 37 The voyage of Robert Turneham vnder the said prince Edward into Syria in the yeere of our Lord 1270 38.39 38 The voyage of Frier Beatus Odoricus to Asia minor Armenia Chaldaea Persia India China and other remote parts c. 39.53 39 The voyage of Matthew Gurney an
English knight against the Moores of Alger to Barbary and to Spaine 67 40 The voyage of Henrie Earle of Derby after Duke of Hereford and lastly Henry the fourth king of England with an army of Englishmen to Tunis in Barbary 69 41 The trauailes and memorable victories of Iohn Hawkwood Englishman in diuerse places of Italy in the reigne of Richard the second 70 42 The voyage of Lord Iohn of Holland Earle of Huntington brother by the mother to K. Richard the second to Ierusalem and S. Katherins mount Anno 1394. 70 43 The voyage of Thomas Lord Mowbrey duke of Norfolke to Ierusalem in the yeere of our Lord 1399. 70 44 The voyage of the bishop of Winchester to Ierusalem Anno 1417. 71 45 A voyage intended by king Henry the fourth to the holy land against the Saracens and Infidels Anno 1413. 71. 72 46 A voyage made with two ships called The holy Crosse and The Matthew Gunson to the Isles of Candia and Chio about the yeere 1534. 98 47 Another voyage vnto Candia and Chio made by the foresayd ship called The Matthewâ— Gunson Anno 1535. 98 48 The voyage of the valiant Esquire M. Peter Read to Tunis in Barbarie 1538 recorded in his Epitaph 99 49 The voyage of Sir Thomas Chaloner to Alger with the Emperour Charles the fift Anno 1541. 99 50 The voyage of M. Roger Bodenâ—am with the great barke Aucher to Candia and Chio Anno 1550. 99 51 The voyage of M. Iohn Lok to Ierusalem Anno 1553. 101 52 The voyage of Iohn Foxe to the Streit of Gibraltar in a ship called The three halfe-moones Anno 1563. And his worthy enterprize in deliuering 266 Christians from the captiuitie of the Turkes at Alexandria Anno 1577. 131.132 53 The voyage of M. Laurence Aldersey to the cities of Ierusalem and Tripolis in the yeere 1581. 150 54 The voyage of The Susan of London to Constantinople wherein M. William Hareborne was sent first Ambassadour vnto Zuldan Murad Can the great Turke Anno 1582. 165 55 The voyage of a ship called The Iesus to Tripolis in Barbary Anno 1583. 184 56 The voyage of M. Henry Austel by Venice to Ragusa and thence ouer-land to Constantinople and from thence through Moldauia Polonia Silesia and Germany into England Anno 1586. 194 57 The voyage of Master Cesar Frederick into the east India and beyonde the Indies Anno 1563. 213 58 The long dangerous and memorable voyage of M. Ralph Fitch marchant of London by the way of Tripolis in Syria to Ormuz to Goa in the East India to Cambaia to the riuer of Ganges to Bengala to Bacola to Chonderi to Pegu to Siam c. begunne in the yeere 1583 and ended in the yeere 1591. 250 59 The voyage of M. Iohn Eldred to Tripolis in Syria by sea and from thence by land and riuer to Babylon and Balsara Anno 1583. 268 60 The voyage of M. Iohn Euesham by sea into AEgypt Anno 1586. 281 61 The voyage of M. Laurence Aldersey to the cities of Alexandria and Cairo in Aegypt Anno 1586. 282 62 The voyage of fiue marchants ships of London into Turkie and their valiant fight in their returne with 11 gallies and two frigats of the king of Spaine at Pantalarea within the Streits of Gibraltar Anno 1586. 285 63 The voyage of Master William Hareborne ouer-land from Constantinople to London Anno 1588. 289 64 A description of a voyage to Constantinople and Syria begun the 21 of March 1593 and ended the ninth of August 1595 wherein is shewed the manner of deliuering the second present by M. Edward Barton her Maiesties ambassadour which was sent from her Maiestie to Sultan Murad Can the Emperour of Turkie 33 The Ambassages Letters Priuileges Discourses Aduertisements and other obseruations depending vpon the Voyages contayned in the first part of this second Volume 1 A Testimony that the Britons were in Italy and Greece with the Cimbrians and Gauls before the incarnation of Christ. pag. 1 2 A testimony that certain Englishmen were of the guard of the Emperour of Constantinople in the time of Iohn the sonne of Alexius Comnenus 17 3 A great supply of money sent to the Holy land by King Henry the second 18 4 A letter written from Manuel the Emperour of Constantinople vnto Henry the second King of England Ann. 1177 wherein mention is made that certaine of king Henries noblemen and subiects were present with the sayd Emperour in a battel against the Soldan of Iconium 18 5 A note drawen out of a very auncient booke in the custodie of the right Wor. M. Thomas Tilney Esquire touching Sir Fredericke Tilney his ancester knighted for his valour at Acon in the Holyland by king Richard the first 29 6 A large contribution to the succour of the holy land made by king Iohn king of England Anno 1201. 30 7 The comming of Baldwin the Emperour of Constantinople into England An. 1247. 31 8 A testimony concerning Anthony Beck bishop of Duresme that he was elected Patriarke of Ierusalem and confirmed by Clement the 5 bishop of Rome Anno 1305. 39 9 The comming of Lyon king of Armenia into England Anno 1â—86 to make a treaty of peace betweene Richard the second king of England and the French king 67 10 The comming of the Emperour of Constantinople into England to desire the ayde of king Henry the fourth against the Turkes Anno 1400. 70 11 A relation of the siege and taking of the citie of Rhodes by Sultan Soliman the great Turke Wherein honorable mention is made of diuers valiant English knights Anno 1522. 72 12 An ambassage from Don Ferdinando brother to the Emperour Charles the fift vnto King Henry the eight crauing his ayde against Soliman the great Turke An. 1527. 95 13 The antiquitie of the trade of English marchants vnto the remote parts of the Leuant seas Anno 1511 1512 c. 96 14 A letter of Henry the eight king of England to Iohn the third king of Portugale for a Portugale ship fraighted at Chio with the goods of Iohn Gresham William Lok and others and wrongfully vnladen in Portugale Anno 1531. 96 15 The maner of the entring of Soliman the great Turke with his army into Alepo in Syria as hee was marching toward Persia agaiâ—st the great Sophi Anno 1553. 112 16 A note of the presents that were giuen at the same time in Alepo to the Grand Signor and the names of the presenters 113 17 The safe conduct granted by Sultan Soliman the great Turke to M. Anthony Ienkinson at Alepo in Syria Anno 1553. 114 18 A discourse of the trade to Chio written by Gaspar Campion in the yeere 1569. 114 19 A letter of the sayd Gaspar Campion to M. William Winter in the yeare 1569. 116 20 A briefe description of the Isle of Cyprus 119 21 A report of the siege and taking of Famagusta the strongest citie in al Cyprus by Mustafa Bassa Generall of the great Turkes army Anno 1571. 121 22 The
THE PRINCIPAL NAVIGATIONS VOYAGES TRAFFIQVES AND DISCOVEries of the English Nation made by Sea or ouer-land to the remote and farthest distant quarters of the Earth at any time within the compasse of these 1600 yeres Diuided into three seuerall Volumes according to the positions of the Regions whereunto they were directed The first Volume containeth the worthy Discoueries c. of the English toward the North and Northeast by Sea as of Lapland Scrikfinia Corelia the Baie of S. Nicolas the Isles of Colgoieue Vaigatz and Nona Zembla toward the great Riuer Ob with the mighty Empire of Russia the Caspian Sea Georgia Armenia Media Persia Boghar in Bactria and diuers kingdomes of Tartaria Together with many notable monuments and testimonies of the ancient forren trades and of the warrelike and other shipping of this Realme of England in former ages VVhereunto is annexed a briefe Commentary of the true state of Island and of the Northren Seas and lands situate that way As also the memorable defeat of the Spanish huge Armada Anno 1588. ¶ The second Volume comprehendeth the principall Nauigations Voyages Traffiques and discoueries of the English Nation made by Sea or ouer-land to the South and South-east parts of the World as well within as without the Streight of Gibraltar at any time within the compasse of these 1600. yeres Diuided into two seueral parts c. ¶ By RICHARD HAKLVYT Preacher and sometime Student of Christ-Church in Oxford Imprinted at London by George Bishop Ralph Newberie and Robert Barker ANNO 1599. TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE MY SINGVLAR GOOD LORD THE LORD CHARLES HOVVARD Erle of Notingham Baron of Effingham Knight of the noble Order of the Garter Lord high Admirall of England Ireland and Wales c. one of her Maiesties most honourable priuie Counsell RIght Honourable and my very good Lord after I had long since published in Print many Nauigations and Discoueries of Strangers in diuers languages as well here at London as in the citie of Paris during my fiue yeeres abode in France with the woorthie Knight Sir Edward Stafford your brother in lawe her Maiesties most prudent and carefull Ambassador ligier with the French King and had waded on still farther and farther in the sweet studie of the historie of Cosmographie I began at length to conceiue that with diligent obseruation some thing might be gathered which might commend our nation for their high courage and singular actiuitie in the Search and Discouerie of the most vnknowen quarters of the world Howbeit seeing no man to step forth to vndertake the recording of so many memorable actions but euery man to folow his priuate affaires the ardent loue of my countrey deuoured all difficulties and as it were with a sharpe goad prouoked me and thrust me forward into this most troublesome and painfull action And after great charges and infinite cares after many watchings toiles and trauels and wearying out of my weake body at length I haue collected three seuerall Volumes of the English Nauigations Traffiques and Discoueries to strange remote and farre distant countreys Which worke of mine I haue not included within the compasse of things onely done in these latter dayes as though litle or nothing woorthie of memorie had bene performed in former ages but mounting aloft by the space of many hundred yeeres haue brought to light many very rare and worthy monuments which long haue lien miserably scattered in mustie corners retchlesly hidden in mistie darkenesse and were very like for the greatest part to haue bene buried in perpetuall obliuion The first Volume of this worke I haue thus for the present brought to light reseruing the other two vntill the next Spring when by Gods grace they shall come to the Presse In the meane season bethinking my selfe of some munificent and bountifull Patrone I called to mind your honorable Lordship who both in regard of my particular obligation and also in respect of the subiect and matter might iustly chalenge the Patronage thereof For first I remembred how much I was bound and how deeply indebted for my yongest brother Edmund Hackluyt to whom for the space of foure whole yeeres your Lordship committed the gouernment and instruction of that honorable yong noble man your sonne heire apparant the lord William Howard of whose high spirit and wonderful towardlinesse full many a time hath he boasted vnto me Secondly the bounden duetie which I owe to your most deare sister the lady Sheffield my singular good lady honorable mistresse admonished me to be mindfull of the renoumed familie of the Howards Thirdly when I found in the first Patent graunted by Queene Marie to the Moscouie companie that my lord your â—ather being then lord high Admirall of England was one of the first fauourers and furtherers with his purse and countenance of the strange and wonderfull Discouerie of Russia the chiefe contents of this present Volume then I remeÌ„bred the sage saying of sweet Isocrates That sonnes ought not onely to be inheriters of their fathers substance but also of their commendable vertues and honours But what speake I of your ancestors honors which to say the trueth are very great and such as our Chronicles haue notably blazoned when as your owne Heroicall actions from time to time haue shewed themselues so admirable as no antiquitie hath affoorded greater and the future times will not in haste I thinke performe the like To come to some particulars when the Emperors sister the spouse of Spaine with a Fleete of an 130. sailes stoutly and proudly passed the narow Seas your Lordship accompanied with ten ships onely of her Maiesties Nauie Roiall enuironed their Fleet in most strange and warrelike sort enforced them to stoope gallant and to vaile their bonets for the Queene of England and made them perfectly to vnderstand that olde speach of the prince of Poets Non illi imperium pelagi saeuúmque tridentem sed tibi sorte datum Yet after they had acknowledged their dutie your lordship on her Maiesties behalfe conducted her safely through our English chanell and performed all good offices of honor and humanitie to that forren Princesse At that time all England beholding your most honorable cariage of your selfe in that so weightie seruice began to cast an extraordinarie eie vpon your lordship and deeply to conceiue that singular hope which since by your most worthie wonderfull seruice your L hath more then fully satiâ—fied I meane among others that glorious triumphant and thrise-happy victory atchieued against that huge and haultie Spanish Armada which is notably described in the ende of this volume wherein being chiefe and sole Commander vnder her sacred and roiall Maiestie your noble gouernment and worthy behauior your high wisedom discretion and happinesse accompanied with the heauenly blessing of the Almightie are shewed most euidently to haue bene such as all posteritie and succeeding ages shall neuer cease to sing and resound your infinite prayse and eternall commendations As for the late renoumed expedition
these goods and marchandises shall be brought into our realme and dominion and shall be there vnladen and solde And likewise three pence vpon euery pound of siluer in the carying out of any such goods and marchandises which are bought in our realme and dominion aforesayd aboue the customes beforetime payd vnto vs or any of our progenitors And touching the value and estimation of these goods and marchandises whereof three pence of euery pound of siluer as is aforesayd is to be payd credite shal be giuen vnto them vpon the letters which they are able to shewe from their masters or parteners And if they haue no letters in this behalfe we will stand to the othe of the foresayd marchants if they bee present or in their absence to the othes of their seruants Moreouer it shall be lawfull for such as be of the company of the aforesayd marchants within our realme and dominion aforesayd to sell woolles to other of their company and likewise to buy of them without paying of custome Yet so that the said wools come not to such hands that wee be defrauded of the custome due vnto vs. And furthermore it is to be vnderstood that after that the aforesaid marchants haue once payed in one place within our realme and dominion the custome aboue granted vnto vs in forme aforesayd for their marchandises haue their warrant therof whether these marchandises remayne within our kingdome or be caried out excepting wines which in no wise shal be caried forth of our realme and dominion aforesayd without our fauour licence as is aforesayd we wil and we grant for vs and our heires that no execution attachment or loane or any other burthen be layd vpon the persons of the aforesayd marchants vpon their marchandises or goods in any case contrary to the forme before mentioned and granted The faithfull principall witnesses of these presents are these Robert Archbishop of Canterbury Primate of all England Walter bishop of CoueÌ„trey and Lichfield Henry Lacie of Lincolne Humfrey de Bohume Earle of Herford and Essex high Constable of England Adomare of Valentia Geofrey of Gaymal Hugh Spenser Walter Beauchampe Seneschall of our house Robert of Bures and others Giuen by our owne hand at Windesore the first day of February in the yere of our reigne xxxi De mercatoribus Angliae in Norwegia arestatis eorum mercimonijs dearrestandis literae Edwardi secundi anno sexto regni sui Haquino regi Norwegie MAgnifico principi domino Haquino Dei gratia regi Norwegie illustri amico suo charissimo Edwardus eadeÌ„ Dei gratia rex Anglie Dom. Hibernie dux Aquitanie saluteÌ„ cuÌ„ dilectione sincera Miramur noÌ„ modicuÌ„ in intimis conturbamur de grauaminibus oppressionibus quae subditis nostris infra regnum vestrum causa negociandi venienâ—â—bus his diebus plus solito absque causa rationabili sicut ex graui querela didicimus inferuntur Nuâ—er siquidem Willihelmus filius Laurentij de Waynfleete Simon filius Alani de eadâ—m Guido filius Mathei eorum socij mercatores nostri nobis conquerendo monstrarunt quod cum ipsi quosdam homines seruientes suos cum tribus nauibus suis ad partes regni vestri ad negotiandum ibidem transmisissent naues illae in portu villae vestrae de Tonnesbergh halece alijs bonis diuersis vsque ad magnam summam oneratae fuissent Et licet nautis nauiuÌ„ praedictarum hominibusque seruientibus praedictis à regno vestro liberè cum nauibus bonis praedictis ad partes Anglie redeundi vestras fieri feceritis de coÌ„ductu postmodum ramen antequaÌ„ naues illae propter venti contrarietateÌ„ portum praedictum exire potuerunt quidam balliui vestri naues praedictas cum hominibus bonis omnibus tunâ— existentibus in eisdem occasione mortis cuiusdam militis nuper balliui vestri in Vikia per malefactores piratas dum naues praedictae in portu supradicto sicut praemittitur remanserunt supra mare vt dicitur interfecti de mandato vestro vt dicebant artestarunt diu sub aresto huiuâ—modi detinebant quousque videlicet homines marinarij praedicti de quadraginta libris sterlingoruÌ„ certo die statuto ad opus vestrum pro qualibetnaui predictarum soluendis inuiti coacti securitatem inuenissent Et similiter de eisdem nauibus cum hominibus praedictis infra portum praedictum citra sestuÌ„ natiuitatis Sancti Ioannis Baptistae proximo futuro ad standum runc ibidem de personis nauibus suis vestre gratie seu voluntatis arbitrio reducendis tres obsides vlterius liberassent quod ipsis valde graue censetur auditu mirabile auribus audientium non immerito reputatur Et quia contra rationem equitatem omnemque iustitiam fore dinoscitur atque legem quòd delinquentium culpe seu demerita in personis vel rebus illorum qui criminis rei conscijvel participes seu de huiusmodi delinquentium societate non fuerunt aliqualiter vlciscantur vestram amicitiam affectuose requirimus rogamus quatenus praemissa diligenti meditatione zelo iustitiae ponderantes obsides predictos iubere velitis ab hostagiamento huiusmodi liberari dictamque securitatem relaxari penitus resolui Scientes pro certo quod si malefactores predicti qui dictum militem vestrum vt dicitur occiderunt alicubi infra regnum seu potestatem nostâ—am poterunt inueniri de ipsis iustitiam iudicium secundum legem consuetudinem eiusdem regni fieri faciemus Non enim possumus his diebus aequanimiter tolerare quod naues predicte seu aliae de regno nostro quae semper prompte ad nostrum seruitium esse debent extra idem regnum ad partes remotas se diuertant sine nostra licentia speciali Quid autem ad hanc nostram instantiam faciendum decreueritis in premissis nobis si placeat reseribatis per presentium portatorem Datae apud Windesore decimo sexto die Aprilis The same in English The letters of Edward the second vnto Haquinus king of Norway concerning the English marchants arrested in Norway and their goods to be freed from arrest TO the mighty Prince lord Haquinus by the grace of God the famous king of Norway his most deare friend Edward by the same grace of God king of England lord of Ireland duke of Aquitaine greeting and sincere loue We maruell not a little and are much disquieted in our cogitations considering the greeuances and oppressions which as wee haue beene informed by pitifull complaints are at this present more then in times past without any reasonable cause inflicted vpon our subiects which doe vsually resort vnto your kingdome for traffiques sake For of late one William the sonne of Laurence of Wainfleete and one Simon the sonne of Alan of the same towne and Guido the sonne of Mathew and their associates our marchants in complayning wise declared vnto vs that
forasmuch as the foresaid Master general and our Order do know no iust occasion wherby they haue deserued your maiesties indignation but are firmely and most vndoubtedly perswaded to finde all curtesie fauour and friendship at your Highnesse according to your wonted clemencie the said Master generall therefore maketh no doubt that al the aboue writtenâ—damages molestations being in such sort against God and iustice offred vnto his subiects by yours be altogether vnknown vnto your magnificence committed against your mind wherfore presently vpon the foresaid arrest of your marchants goods he dispatched his messengers vnto your roial maiesty Wherof one deceased by the way namely in the territory of Holland the other remained sick in those parts for a long season so that ambassage took none effect Wherfore the said master general was desirous to send vs now y e second time also vnto your Highnes We do make our humble sute therfore in the name behalf of our Master and Order aforesaid vnto your kingly supremacy that hauing God and iustice before your eies and also the dutifull and obsequious demeanor of the said master and order towards you you would vouchsafe to extend your gracious clemency for the redresse of the premisses wherby the foresaid losses may be restored and repaied vnto our subiects All which notwithstanding that it would please you of your wisedome prouidence to procure so absolute a remedy by meanes whereof in time to come such dealings and inconueniences may be auoided on both parts finally that your marchants may quietly be possessed of their goods arrested in Prussia and our marchants may be admitted vnto the possession of their commodities attached in England to conuert apply them vnto such vses as to themselues shal seem most conuenient Howbeit most gracious prince and lord we are to sollicite your Highnesse not onely about the articles to be propounded concerning the losses aforesaide but more principally for certain sinister reports and superstitious slanders wherwith certaine of your subiects not seeking for peace haue falsly informed your maiesty your most honorable discreete CouÌ„cel affirming that at the time of y e aforesaid arrest your marchants were barbarously intreated that they were cast into lothsom prisons brenched in myre and water vp to y e neck restrained from al conference and company of men and also that their meat was thrown vnto them as a bone to a dog with many other enormities which they haue most slanderously deuised concerning the master general aforesaid and his people and haue published them in these dominions vpon the occasion of which falshoods certain marchants of our parts and of other regions of Alemain who of your special beneuolence were indued with certaine priuileges and fauours in your citie of London and in other places were as malefactors apprehended and caried to prison vntil such time as the trueth was more apparant Whereupon the foresaide master generall propoundeth his humble sute vnto your maiestie that such enemies of trueth and concord your Maiesty woulde vouchsafe in such sort to chastise that they may be an example vnto others presuming to doe the like Moreouer high and mighty Prince and lord it was reported vnto our Master general that his former Legats required of your maiesty safe conduct freely to come into your highnesse Realme Which when hee heard he was exceedingly offended therat sithence vndoubtedly they did not this at his commaundement or direction We therefore humbly beseech your Grace as touching this ouersight to holde the Master generall excused because there is no need of safeconduct between so speciall friends Furthermore sundry damages and complaints of the foresaid general Master and his subiects are briefly exhibited and put downe in the billes following Also all and singular damnified persons besides other proofes were compelled to verifie their losses by their formall othes taken vpon the holy Bible Lastly we doe make our humble suite and petition vnto the prouidence and discretion of your Highnes and of your honorable Councell that concerning the premisses and all other matters propounded or to be propounded vnto your Maiesty we may obtaine a speedy answere and an effectuall end For it would redound vnto our great charges and losse to make any long delayes An agreement made by the Ambassadors of England and Prussia confirmed by king Richard the second RIchard by the grace of God king of England and France and lorde of Ireland To all vnto whom these present letters shall come greeting We haue seene and considered the composition ordination concord and treatie betweene our welbeloued clearke master Nicholas Stocket licentiat in both lawes Walter Sibel and Thomas Graa citizens of our cities of London York our messengers and ambassassadors on the one part and the honourable and religious personages Conradus de Walrode great commander Sifridus Walpode de Bassenheim chiefe hospitalary commander in Elburg and Vlricus Hachenberg Treasurer the messengers and ambassadors of the right reuerend and religious lord lord Conradus Zolner de Rothenstein master generall of the knightly order of the Dutch hospital of Saint Mary at Ierusalem on the other part lately concluded and agreed vpon in these words In the name of the supreame and indiuisible Trinitie the Father the Sonne and the holy Ghost Amen Forasmuch as the author of peace will haue peace-makers to be the sons of blessednes and the execrable enemie of peace to be expelled out of the dominions of Christians therefore for the perpetuall memorie of the thing be it knowen vnto all men who shall see or heare the tenour of these presents that there being matter of dissension and discord bred betweene the most renowmed prince and king Richard by the grace of God king of England and France and lord of Ireland and his subiects on the one part and the right reuerend and religious lord lord Conradus Zolner de Rothinstein Master generall of the knightly order of the Dutch hospitall of S. Marie at Ierusalem and his land of Prussia and his subiects also on the other part the foresaid lord and generall master vpon mature counsell and deliberation had sent his honourable ambassadours towards England vnto the forenamed most soueraigne prince and king to propound and make their complaint vnto him of violence and iniuries offered as it is sayd by the English vnto the Prussians in consideration whereof certaine goods of the marchants of England were arrested in the land of Prussia Whose complaint the foresayd most gracious prince did courteously and friendly admit receiue and accept and after many speeches vttered in this treaty louingly dismissed them vnto their owne countrey againe promising by his letters vnto the foresayd reuerend Master generall that hee would dispatch his ambassadours vnto the land of Prussia Whereupon in the yeere 1388. he sent hono and reuerend personages Master Nicholas Stocket licentiate of both lawes Thomas Graa and Walter Sibill citizens of London and Yorke with sufficient authority and full
goods be customed By meanes of the which sealing the foresaide parties doe compell the marchants aboue-named vpon an vse and custome whereof themselues haue bene the authors to paye a certaine summe of money to the great hinderance of the sayde marchants and coâ—trarie to iustice and to their charter Moreouer the saide customers haue ordained betweene themselues that the saide marchants shall put or make vp no cloâ—h iâ—to fardels to transport out of the realme vnlesse certaine mâ—n appointed by them for the same purpose bee there present to see what maner of clothes they bee vnder paine of the forfâ—iture of the saide goods Also of late when the sayde marchants would haue made vp such fardels the foresayde parties assigned to be ouerseers refused to come vnlesse they might haue for their comming some certaine summe of money delaying and procrastinating from day to day so long as themselues listed to the great losse and vndoing of the foresaide marchants and contrarie to their liberties because the foresaide customers are bound by their office to doe this without any contribution therefore to bee paide vnto them by the saide marchants for that they doe enioy from our soueraigne Lorde the King their fees and commodities to the ende that they may serue him and euery marchant iustly and faithfully without any contribution by them to be imposed anewe vpon the sayde marchants of custome Item the said marchants doe alleage that the customers bailifs of the town of Southhampton do compel them to pay for euery last of herrings pitch sope ashes brought thither by theÌ„ 2 s more then the kings custome and for ech hundreth of bowstaues boords called Waghenscot 2. d. for euery hundreth of boords called Richolt 4.d for al other marchandize brought by the foresaid marchants vnto the same towne which contributions they neuer paid at any time heeretofore being greatly to their hinderance and contrary to the tâ—nour of their Charter Item the foresaid marchants do alleage that one of their company called Albert Redewish of Prussia bringing diuers goods marchandizes vnto Newcastle vpon Tine there paying the vsual custom of 3.d in the pound for al his wares the bailifs of the saide towne against all reason exacted 7. pound sterling at his hands more then the custome whereupon the foresaide marchant got a briefe from the kings maiesty for the recouery of the said 7 li according to equity reason howbeit that at the comming of the said briefe the foresaid bailifes would do nothing on his behalfe but would haue slaine their foresaid associate contrary to their charter and priuiledges William Esturmy knight Iohn Kington canon of Lincolne being by y e most mighty prince lord L. Henry by Gods grace â— of England France lord of Ireland sufficiently deputed and appointed to parle treate agree w t the common society of y e marchants of the Hans of Dutchland or Almain concerning about the redressing reformation of vniust atteÌ„pts happening between our said soueraign L. the king his liege people subiects on the one part between the coÌ„mon society aforesaid the cities towns particular persons therof on the other part do for the behalf of our said souraign L. the king with a mind intention to haue al singular y e things vnderwritten to come to the knowledge of the said common society intimate declare make known vnto you hono sirs Henr. Westhoff citizen deputy of the city of Lubec Henry Fredelaw Ioh. van Berk citizen of Colen Mainard Buxtehude citizen deputy of the city of Hamburgh M. SimoÌ„ Clawsten clerk sir Iohn de Aa knight deputie of the citie of Rostok Herman Meyer deputy of the citie of Wismar being as the procuratorsâ— messengers commissioners of the foresaid cities assembled together at the town of Hage in Holland with y e forenamed Willâ— Iohn in regard of the foresaid redres reformation that euen as our said soueraign L. the king his meaning is not to disturb or hinder such priuiledges as haue bin heretofore granted vouchsafed vnto the coÌ„mon society of the marchaÌ„ts aforesaid by the renoumed kings of England the worthy progenitors of our L. the K. that now is by himself also vnder a certain form confirmed euen so he is determined without y e preiudice of forren lawes vpon iust mature and sober deliberation by his royall authoritie to withstand such priuiledges as by reason of the abuse thereofâ— haue bene infinitely preâ—â—diciall vnto himselfe and his subiects Inprimis the said ambassadours doe affirme as afore that whereas all and euery the Marchants of the said company as often as they would were both in the Realme of England and in other territories dominions subiect vnto our soueraigne lord the king admitted and suffered according to the tenor of the forenamed priuiledges granted vnto them freely friendly and securely to traffique and conuerse with any of his Maiesties liege people and subiects whatsoeuer or with other people of whatsoeuer nation liuing in the realme of England or in the dominions aforesaid the said common society of marchants by their publike deliberate common counsel did appoint ordain y t no society in any cities townes or places neither yet any particular man of any such society there being no lawfull or reasonable cause why shoulde in any wise admit any marchants of the realm of England resorting vnto their cities or other places for marchandise to enioy intercourse of traffike but that the saide English marchants should bee altogether excluded from all traffike and mutuall conuersation among them by denouncing and inflicting grieuous penalties of money as well vpon cities as other places and vpon particular marchants also of the foresaid societie practising the contrary Item that immediatly after the foresaid parties enacting and ordaining published their sayde statute and ordinance in all kingdomes prouinces partes cities and townes wherin any marchants of the said societie were conuersant Item that after that publication the statute and ordinance aforesaid by euery of the marchants of the forenamed society were inuiolably obserued Item that the said statute and ordinance hath bene so rigorously put in execution that whereas immediatly after certaine English marchants with their ships mariners and marchandize beeing in a cerâ—aine part of one of the principall cities of the foresaide societie vtterly destitute of meate drinke and money publikely offred to sell their wollen clothes of England onely to prouide themselues of necessary victuals yet the marchants of the saide citie sâ—outely persisting in their statute and ordinance aforesaid straightly prohibited the buying of such clothes vnchristianly denying meate and drinke vnto the said English marchants Item the foresaid society decreed and ordained that no marchant of the saide company should in any place or countrey whatsoeuer buy any woollen clothes of the realme or dominion of England albeit offered by others and not by English men or hauing bought any should after
beastes skinnes In those partes they haue but small store of cattell The Mosco it selfe is great I take the whole towne to bee greater then London with the suburbes but it is very rude and standeth without all order Their houses are all of timber very dangerous for fire There is a faire Castle the walles whereof are of bricke and very high they say they are eighteene foote thicke but I doe not beleeue it it doth not so seeme notwithstanding I doe not certainely know it for no stranger may come to viewe it The one side is ditched and on the other side runneth a riuer called Moscua which runneth into Tartarie and so into the sea called Mare Caspium and on the North side there is a base towne the which hath also a bricke wall about it and so it ioyneth with the Castle wall The Emperour lieth in the castle wherein are nine fayre Churches and therin are religious men Also there is a Metropolitane with diuers Bishops I will not stande in description of their buildinges nor of the strength thereof because we haue better in all points in England They be well furnished with ordinance of all sortes The Emperours or Dukes house neither in building nor in the outward shew nor yet within the house is so sumptuous as I haue seene It is very lowe built in eight square much like the olde building of England with small windowes and so in other poynts Now to declare my comming before his Maiestie After I had remained twelue daies the Secretary which hath the hearing of strangers did send for me aduertising me that the Dukes pleasure was to haue me to come before his Ma. with the kings my masters letters whereof I was right glad and so I gaue mine attendance And when the Duke was in his place appointed the interpretour came for me into the vtter chamber where sate one hundred or moe gentlemen all in cloth of golde very sumptuous and from thence I came into the Counsaile chamber where sate the Duke himselfe with his nobles which were a faire company they sateround about the chamber on high yet so that he himselfe sate much higher then any of his nobles in a chaire gilt and in a long garment of beaten golde with an emperial crowne vpon his head and a staffe of Cristall and golde in his right hand and his other hand halfe leaning on his chaire The Chancelour stoode vp with the Secretary before the Duke After my dutie done and my letter deliuered he bade me welcome enquired of me the health of the King my master and I answered that he was in good health at my departure from his court and that my trust was that he was now in the same Upon the which he bade me to dinner The Chancelour presented my present vnto his Grace bareheaded for before they were all couered and when his Grace had receiued my letter I was required to depart for I had charge not to speake to the Duke but when he spake to me So I departed vnto the Secretaries chamber where I remayned two houres and then I was sent for againe vnto another palace which is called the golden palace but I saw no cause why it should be so called for I haue seene many fayrer then it in all poynts and so I came into the hall which was small and not great as is the Kings Maiesties of England and the table was couered with a tablecloth and the Marshall sate at the ende of the table with a little white rod in his hand which boorde was full of vessell of golde and on the other side of the hall did stand a faire cupborde of place From thence I came into the dining chamber where the Duke himselfe sate at his table without cloth of estate in a gowne of siluer with a crowne emperiall vpon his head he sate in a chaire somewhat hie There sate none neare him by a great way There were long tables set round about the chamber which were full set with such as the Duke had at dinner they were all in white Also the places where the tables stoode were higher by two steppes then the rest of the house In the middest of the chamber stoode a table or cupbord to set place on which stoode full of cuppes of golde and amongst all the rest there stoode foure maruellous great pottes or crudences as they call them of golde and siluer I thinke they were a good yarde and a halfe hie By the cupborde stoode two gentlemen with napkins on their shoulders and in their handes each of them had a cuppe of gold set with pearles and precious stones which were the Dukes owne drinking cups when he was disposed he drunke them off at a draught And for his seruice at meate it came in without order yet it was very rich seruice for all were serued in gold not onely he himselfe but also all the rest of vs and it was very massie the cups also were of golde and very massie The number that dined there that day was two hundred persons and all were serued in golden vessell The gentlemen that waited were all in cloth of gold and they serued him with their caps on their heads Before the seruice came in the Duke sent to euery man a great shiuer of bread and the bearer called the party so sent to by his name aloude and sayd Iohn Basiliuich Emperour of Russia and great Duke of Moscouia doth reward thee with bread then must all men stand vp and doe at all times when those wordes are spoken And then last of all he giueth the Marshall bread whereof he eateth before the Dukes Grace and so doth reuerence and departeth Then commeth the Dukes seruice of the Swannes all in pieces and euery one in a seuerall dish the which the Duke sendeth as he did the bread and the bearer sayth the same wordes as he sayd before And as I sayd before the seruice of his meate is in no order but commeth in dish by dish and then after that the Duke sendeth drinke with the like saying as before is tolde Also before dinner hee changed his crowne and in dinner time two crownes so that I saw three seuerall crownes vpon his head in one day And thus when his seruice was all come in hee gaue to euery one of his gentlemen waiters meate with his owne hand so likewise drinke His intent thereby is as I haue heard that euery man shall know perfectly his seruants Thus when dinner is done hee calleth his nobles before him name by name that it is wonder to heare howe he could name them hauing so many as he hath Thus when dinner was done I departed to my lodging which was an hower within night I will leaue this and speake no more of him nor his houshold but I will some what declare of his land and people with their nature and power in the wars This Duke is Lord and Emperour of many countreis his power is marueilous
be at his Princes pleasure and commandement Oh that our sturdie rebels were had in the like subiection to knowe their duety towarde their Princes They may not say as some snudges in England say I would find the Queene a man to serue in my place or make his friends tarrie at home if money haue the vpper hand No no it is not so in this countrey for hee shall make humble sute to serue the Duke And whom he sendeth most to the warres he thinketh he is most in his fauour and yet as I before haue sayde hee giueth no wages If they knewe their strength no man were able to make match with them nor they that dwel neere them should haue any rest of them But I thinke it is not Gods will For I may compare them to a young horse that knoweth not his strength whome a little childe ruleth and guideth with a bridle for all his great strength for if hee did neither childe nor man could rule him Their warres are holden against the Crimme Tartarians and the Nagaiâ—â—â— I will stand no longer in the rehearsall of their power and warres For it were too tedious to the reader But I will in part declare their lawes and punishments and the execution of iustice And first I will begin with the commons of the countrey which the gentlemen haue rule on And that is that euery gentleman hath rule and iustice vpon his owne tenants And if it so fall out that two gentlemens seruants or tenaunts doe disagree the two gentlemen examine the matter and haue the parties before them and soe giue the sentence And yet cannot they make the ende betwixt them of the controuersie but either of the gentlemen must bring his seruant or tenant before the high iudge or iustice of that countrey and there present them and declare the matter and case The plaintife sayth I require the law which is graunted then commeth an officer and arresteth the party defendant and vseth him contrarie to the lawes of England For when they attach any man they beate him about the legges vntill such time as he findeth suerties to answere the matter And if not his handes and necke are bound together and he is led about the towne and beaten about the legges with other extreme punishments till he come to his answere And the Iustice demaundeth if it be for debt and sayth O west thou this man any such debt He will perhaps say nay Then sayth the Iudge art thou able to denie it Let vs heare how By othe sayth the defendant Then he commandeth to leaue beating him till further triall be had Their order in one point is commendable They haue no man of Lawe to pleade their causes in any court but euery man pleadeth his owne cause and giueth bill and answere in writing contrarie to the order in England The complaint is in maner of a supplication made to the Dukes Grace and deliuered him into his owne hand requiring to haue iustice as in his complaint is alleaged The duke giueth sentence himselfe vpon all matters in the Law Which is very coÌ„mendable that such a Prince wil take paines to see ministration of iustice Yet notwithstanding it is wonderfully abused and thereby the Duke is much deceiued But if it fall out that the officers be espied in cloking the trueth they haue most condigne punishment And if the plaintâ—fe can nothing prooue then the defendant must take his oth vpon the crucifixe whether he bee in the right or no. Then is demanded if the plaintife be any thing able further to make proofe if hee bee not then sometimes he will say I am able to prooue it by my body and hands or by my champions body so requiring the Campe. After the other hath his othe it is graunted aswell to the one as to the other So when they goe to the field they sweare vpon the Crucifixe that they bee both in the right and that the one shall make the other to confesse the trueth before they depart foorth of the field and so they goe both to the battell armed with such weapons as they vse in that countrey they fight all on foote seldome the parties themselues do fight except they be Gentlemen for they stand much vpon their reputation for they wil not fight but with such as are come of as good an house as themselues So that if either partie require the combate it is granted vnto them and no champion is to serue iu their roome wherein is no deceit but otherwise by champions there is For although they take great othes vpon them to doe the battell truely yet is the contrary often seene because the common champions haue none other liuing And assoone as the one party hath gotten the victorie hee demandeth the debt and the other is carried to prison and there is shamefully vsed till he take order There is also another order in the lawe that the plaintife may sweare in some causes of debt And if the partie defendant be poore he shal be set vnder the Crucifixe and the partie plaintife must sweare ouer his head and when hee hath taken his othe the Duke taketh the partie defendant home to his house and vseth him as his bond-man and putteth him to labour or letteth him for hier to any such as neede him vntill such time as his friends make prouision for his redemption or else hee remaineth in bondage all the dayes of his life Againe there are many that will sell themselues to Gentlemen or Marchants to bee their bond-men to haue during their life meate drinke and cloth and at their comming to haue a piece of mony yea and some will sell their wiues and children to bee bawdes and drudges to the byer Also they haue a Lawe for Fellons and pickers contrary to the Lawes of England For by their law they can hang no man for his first offence but may keepe him long in prison and oftentimes beate him with whips and other punishment and there he shall remaine vntill his friends be able to bayle him If he be a picker or a cut-purse as there be very many the second time he is taken he hath a piece of his Nose cut off and is burned in the forehead and kept in prison till hee finde sureties for his good behauiour And if he be taken the third time he is hanged And at the first time he is extremely punished and not released except hee haue very good friends or that some Gentleman require to haue him to the warres And in so doing he shall enter into great bonds for him by which meanes the countrey is brought into good quietnesse But they be naturally giuen to great deceit except extreme beating did bridle them They be naturally giuen to hard liuing aswell in fare as in lodging I heard a Russian say that is was a great deale merrier liuing in prison then foorth but for the great beating For they haue meate and drinke without any labour
other as vse to buy it thus hoping of that which is not like to be had hee hath driuen off the time not sending to any other places by means whereof the worshipfuls goods lie vnsold to this day to their great hinderance which I for my part am not a litle sory to see Babylon is from hence fifteene dayes iourney whereas by true report be great store of Dates and sold for a bisse the batman the commoditie fit for England and the place so neere vnto vs might easily haue bene knowen if hee whose deeds and sayings differ much had bene willing to the same Cassan also is but seuen dayes iourney from hâ—nce a place by report where most store of spices be at all times to be had ouer and aboue any place in this countrey it could not be granted by him to be seen and prooued at this time if this be losse to the worshipfull referre it to the want of one which can do that which he speaketh in words To trauell in this countrey is not onely miserable and vncomfortable for lacke of townes and villages to harbour in when night commâ—th and to refresh men with wholesome victuals in time of need but also such scarsitie of water that sometime in three dayes iourney together is not to be found any drop fit for man or beast to drinke besides the great danger we stand in for robbing by these infidels who doe account it remission of sinnes to wash their hands in the blood of one of vs. Better it is therefore in mine opinion to continue a beggar in England during life then to remaine a rich Merchant seuen yeeres in this Countrey as some shall well find at their comming hither By commandement of the Agent also I went to Gilan as well to see what harbor was there for your ship as also to vnderstand what commoditie is there best sold and for what quantitie I found the way from hence so dangerous and troublesome that with my pen I am not able to note it vnto you no man trauelleth from hence thither but such poore people as need constraineth to buy Rice for their reliefe to liue vpon and they lay not aboue twentie batmans vpon a catter and it lieth no lower then the skirts of the saddle and he escapeth very hardly that commeth there with the same The towne of Laighon which was the chiefest place in all that land haue I seen and Langro and Rosar also which be now ouerrun by the Shaugh and his power and be so spoiled the people so robbed that not one of them is able to buy one karsie The best commoditie there to bee bought is raw silke and is sold in the Summer time for 38. shaughs the Laighon batman which is litle aboue 40. li. waight and for ready money also there is to bee had what store of Alom you will and sold there for one bisse the Teueris batman In these partes be many Turkie merchants resident which giue an outward shew as though they were glad of our comming hither but secretly they be our mortall enemies searching by all meanes to hinder our sales because we should the sooner giuer ouer our trade thither which in processe of time I hope will growe to better perfection They wish vs to go to Hallape with the rest of our commodities vnsold where they say we shall haue good intertainment in spight of the great number of Uenetians which be there resident and the custome but two in the hundred and our karsies to be sold presently had we neuer so many for twelue duckets which maketh of this money 165. shaughs but by such as know the place market and custome it is reported to vs credibly to the contrary and that such karsies as ours be are not sold for aboue 8. duckets therâ—â— the custome thirtie in the hundred and more that no place in the world is so well furnished with good cloth and karsies and of so braue colour as that place is supposing it to bee craftily purposed of them to bring vs into trouble which God defend vs from The price of spices be these at this present enhansed by reason y e way is shut to Ormus which when God shal send open I purpose God willing to see and at my returne to aduertise the worshipful what benefit is there to be had in all points so neere as I can learne Pepper 25. shaughs the Teueris batman Cloues 50. shaughs Long pepper 25. shaughs Maces large 50. shaughs Ginger 24. shaughs ready money all or els looke not vpon them And the best sort of rawe silke is sold for 60. shaughs the Teueris batman Thus for want of surther matter to inlarge I ende for this time beseeching God to preserue you in continuall health By your obedient seruant Lawrence Chapman Notes concerning this fourth voyage into Persia begun in the moneth of Iuly 1568. gathered by M. Richard Willes from the mouth of Master Arthur Edwards which was Agent in the same WHen he came first to the Sophies presence at his court in Casbin bringing his interpreter with him and standing farre off the Sophie sitting in a seat roiall with a great number of his noble men about him bad him come neere and that thrise vntil he came so neere him that he might haue touched him with his haÌ„d Then the first demand that he asked him was from what countrey he came he answered that he came from England Then â—sked hee of his noble men who knew any such countrey But when Edwards saw that none of them had any intelligence of that name he named it Inghilterra as the Italians call England Then one of the noble meÌ„ said Londro meaning thereby LondoÌ„ which name is better knowen in far countries out of Christendom then is the name of England When Edwards heard him name Londro he said that that was the name of the chiefe câ—tie of England as was Teueris of the chiefe câ—ty of Persia. He asked him many things more as of the realme of England maruelling that it should be an Island of so great riches and power as Edwards declared vnto him of the riches abundance of our merchandize he further vndeâ—stood by our traffike in Moscouia and other countreis He demanded also many things of the Queenes maiestie and of the customes and lawes of the realme saying oftentimes in his owne language Bara colla that is to say Well sayd He asked also many things of king Philip of his wars against the Turke at Malta Then he demanded of him what was the chiefe cause of his resort into his realme And being certified that it was for the trade of merchandize he asked what kind of merchandize he could bring thither Such sayd hee as the Venetian merchants do which dwelling in our country in the city of Londro send to Uenice from thence into Turkie by Halepo Tripoli in Syria from whence as by the second and third hands with
it be some fewe relations Moreouer as touching Gronland we holde this from the opinion of our auncestours that from the extreeme part of Norway which is called Biarmlandia and from whence the saide Gronland is not farre distant it fetcheth about the Northren coast of Island with an huge circuit in maner of an halfe Moone Our Chronicles likewise doe testifie that our owne countreymen in times past resorted thither for traffique and also that the very same countrey of Gronland had certaine Bishops in the dayes of Poperie More then this we cannot auouch But now it is reported that your Englishmen whom I may almost call the lordes of the Ocean sea make yeerely voyages vnto Gronland concerning which matter if you please to giue me further aduertisement you shall doe me an especial fauour Moreouer whatsoeuer newes you heare concerning the affaires of England or of other Countreys thereabout I pray you make vs acquainted therewith Thus reuerend six wishing you long life for the seruice of God for the increase of learning and the benefit of the people committed to your charge I bid you farewel From Island vpon the feast of the visitation of the blessed Uirgine Mary Anno Dom. 1595. Yours Gudbrandus Thorlacius Bishop of Hola in Island The miraculous victory atchieued by the English Fleete vnder the discreet and happy conduct of the right honourable right prudent and valiant lord the L. Charles Howard L. high Admirall of England c. Vpon the Spanish huge Armada sent in the yeere 1588. for the inuasion of England together with the wofull and miserable successe of the said Armada afterward vpon the coasts of Norway of the Scottish Westerne Isles of Ireland of Spaine of France and of England c. Recorded in Latine by Emanuel van Meteran in the 15. booke of his history of the low Countreys HAuing in part declared the strange and wonderfull euents of the yeere eightie eight which hath bene so long time foretold by ancient prophesies we will now make relation of the most notable and great enterprise of all others which were in the foresaid yeere atchieued in order as it was done Which exploit although in very deed it was not performed in any part of the low Countreys was intended for their ruine and destruction And it was the expedition which the Spanish king hauing a long time determined the same in his minde and hauing consulted thereabout with the Pope set foorth and vndertooke against England and the low Countreys To the end that he might subdue the Realme of England and reduce it vnto his catholique Religion and by that meanes might be sufficiently reuenged for the disgrace contempt and dishonour which hee hauing 34. yeeres before enforced them to the Popes obedience had endured of the English nation and for diuers other iniuries which had taken deepe impression in his thoughts And also for that hee deemed this to bee the most readie and direct course whereby hee might recouer his heredetarie possession of the lowe Countreys hauing restrained the inhabitants from sayling vpon the coast of England Which verily vpon most weighty arguments and euident reasons was thought would vndoubtly haue come to passe considering the great aboundance and store of all things necessary wherewith those men were furnished which had the managing of that action committed vnto them But now let vs describe the matter more particularly The Spanish King hauing with small fruite and commoditie for aboue twentie yeeres together waged warre against the Netherlanders after deliberation with his counsellers thereabout thought it most conuenient to assault them once againe by Sea which had bene attempted sundry times heretofore but not with forces sufficient Unto the which expedition it stoode him nowe in hand to ioyne great puissance as hauing the English people his professed enemies whose Island is so situate that it may either greatly helpe or hinder all such as saile into those parts For which cause hee thought good first of all to inuade England being perswaded by his Secretary Escouedo and by diuers other well experienced Spaniards and Dutchmen and by many English fugitiues that the conquest of that Iland was lesse difficult then the conquest of Holland and Zeland Moreouer the Spaniards were of opinion that it would bee farre more behoueful for their King to conquere England and the lowe Countreys all at once then to be constrained continually to maintaine a warlike Nauie to defend his East and West Indie Fleetes from the English Drake and from such like valiant enemies And for the same purpose the king Catholique had giuen commandement long before in Italy and Spaine that a great quantitie of timber should be felled for the building of shippes and had besides made great preparation of things and furniture requisite for such an expedition as namely in founding of brasen Ordinance in storing vp of corne and victuals in trayning of men to vse warlike weapons in leauying and mustering of souldiers insomuch that about the beginning of the yeere 1588. he had finished such a mightie Nauie and brought it into Lisbon hauen as neuer the like had before that time sailed vpon the Ocean sea A very large and particular description of this Nauie was put in print and published by the Spaniards wherein were set downe the number names and burthens of the shippes the number of Mariners and souldiers throughout the whole Fleete likewise the quantitie of their Ordinance of their armour of bullets of match of gun-poulder of victuals and of all their Nauall furniture was in the saide description particularized Unto all these were added the names of the Gouernours Captaines Noblemen and gentlemen voluntaries of whom there was so great a multitude that searce was there any family of accompt or any one principall man throughout all Spaine that had not a brother sonne or kinseman in that Fleete who all of them were in good hope to purchase vnto themselues in that Nauie as they termed it inuincible endlesse glory and renowne and to possesse themselues of great Seigniories and riches in England and in the lowe Countreys But because the said description was translated and published out of Spanish into diuers other languages we will here onely make an abridgemeut or briefe rehearsall thereof Portugal furnished and set foorth vnder the conduct of the duke of Medina Sidonia generall of the Fleete ten Galeons two Zabraes 1300. Mariners 3300. souldiers 300. great pieces with all requisite furniture Biscay vnder the conduct of Iohn Martines de Ricalde Admiral of the whole Fleete set forth tenne Galeons 4. Pataches 700. mariners 2000. souldiers 250. great pieces c. Guipusco vnder the conduct of Michael de Oquendo tenne Galeons 4. Pataches 700. mariners 2000. souldiers 310. great pieces Italy with the Leuant Islands vnder Martine de Vertendona 10. Galeons 800. mariners 2000. souldiers 310. great pieces c. Castile vnder Diego Flores de Valdez 14. Galeons two Pataches 1700. mariners 2400. souldiers and 380. great pieces
began to recount vnto Drake the forces of all the Spanish Fleet and how foure mightie Gallies were separated by tempest from them and also how they were determined first to haue put into Plimmouth hauen not expecting to bee repelled thence by the English ships which they thought could by no meanes withstand their impregnable forces perswading themselues that by means of their huge Fleete they were become lords and commaunders of the maine Ocean For which cause they marueled much how the English men in their small ships durst approch withâ—n musket shot of the Spaniards mightie woodden castles gathering the wind of them with many other such like attempts Immediately after Valdez and his company being a man of principal authoritie in the Spanish Fleete and being descended of one and the same familie with that Valdez which in the yeere 1574. besieged Leiden in Holland were sent captiues into England There were in the sayd ship 55. thousand ducates in ready money of the Spanish kings gold which the souldiers merily shared among themselues The same day was set on fire one of their greatest shippes being Admirall of the squadron of Guipusco and being the shippe of Michael de Oquendo Uice-admirall of the whole Fleete which contained great store of gunnepowder and other warrelike prouision The vpper part onely of this shippe was burnt and all the persons therein contained except a very few were consumed with fire And thereupon it was taken by the English and brought into England with a number of miserable burnt and skorched Spaniards Howbeit the gunpowder to the great admiration of all men remained whole and vnconsumed In the meane season the lord Admirall of England in his ship called the Arke-royall all that night pursued the Spaniards so neere that in the morning hee was almost left alone in the enimies Fleete and it was foure of the clocke at afternoone before the residue of the English Fleet could ouertake him At the same time Hugo de Moncada gouernour of the foure Galliasses made humble sute vnto the Duke of Medina that he might be licenced to encounter the Admirall of England which libertie the duke thought not good to permit vnto him because hee was loth to exceed the limites of his commission and charge Upon Tuesday which was the three and twentie of Iuly the naâ—y being come ouer against Portland the wind began to turne Northerly insomuch that the Spaniards had a fortunate and fit gale to inuade the English But the Englishmen hauing lesser and nimbler Ships recouered againe the vantage of the winde from the Spaniards whereat the Spaniards seemed to bee more iucensed to fight then before But when the English Fleete had continually and without intermission from morning to night beaten and battered them with all their shot both great and small the Spaniardes vniting themselues gathered their whole Fleete close together into a roundell so that it was apparant that they ment not as yet to inuade others but onely to defend themselues and to make hast vnto the place prescribed vnto them which was neere vnto Dunkerk that they might ioine forces with the duke of Parma who was determined to haue proceeded secretly with his small shippes vnder the shadow and protection of the great ones and so had intended circumspectly to performe the whole expedition This was the most furious and bloodie skirmish of all in which the lord Admirall of England continued fighting amidst his enimies Fleete and seeing one of his Captaines afarre off hee spake vnto him in these wordes Oh George what doest thou Wilt thou nowe frustrate my hope and opinion conceiued of thee Wilt thou forsake mee nowe With which wordes hee being enflamed approched foorthwith encountered the enemie and did the part of a most valiant Captaine His name was George Fenner a man that had bene conuersant in many Sea-fights In this conflict there was a certaine great Venetian ship with other small ships surprised and taken by the English The English nauie in the meane while increased whereunto out of all Hauens of the Realme resorted ships and men for they all with one accord came flocking thither as vnto a set field where immortall fame and glory was to be attained and faithfull seruice to bee performed vnto their prince and countrey In which number there were many great and honourable personages as namely the Erles of Oxford of Northumberland of Cumberland c. with many Knights and Gentlemen to wit Sir Thomas Cecill Sir Robert Cecill Sir Walter Raleigh Sir William Hatton Sir Horatio Palauicini Sir Henry Brooke Sir Robert Carew Sir Charles Blunt Master Ambrose Willoughbie Master Henry Nowell Master Thomas Gerard Master Henry Dudley Master Edward Darcie Master Arthur Gorge Master Thomas Woodhouse Master William Haruie c. And so it came to passe that the number of the English shippes amounted vnto an hundreth which when they were come before Douer were increased to an hundred and thirtie being notwithstanding of no proportionable bignesse to encounter with the Spaniards except two or three and twentie of the Queenes greater shippes which onely by reason of their presence bred an opinion in the Spaniardes mindes concerning the power of the English Fleet the mariners and souldiers whereof were esteemed to be twelue thousand The foure and twentie of Iuly when as the sea was calme and no winde stirring the fight was onely betweene the foure great Galleasses and the English shippes which being rowed with Oares had great vauntage of the sayde English shippes which not withstanding for all that would not bee forced to yeeld but discharged their chaine-shot to cut asunder their Cables and Cordage of the Galleasses with many other such Stratagemes They were nowe constrained to send their men on land for a newe supplie of Gunne-powder whereof they were in great â—karcitie by reason they had so frankely spent the greater part in the former conflicts The same day a Counsell being assembled it was decreed that the English Fleete should bee deuided into foure squadrons the principall whereof was committed vnto the lord Admirall the second to Sir Francis Drake the third to Captaine Hawkins the fourth to Captaine Frobisher The Spaniards in their sailing obserued very diligent and good order sayling three and foure and somtimes more ships in a ranke and folowing close vp one after another and the stronger and greater ships protecting the lesser The fiue and twentie of Iuly when the Spaniardes were come ouer-against the Isle of Wight the lord Admirall of England being accompanied with his best ships namely the Lion Captaine whereof was the lord Thomas Howard The Elizabeth Ionas vnder the commandement of Sir Robert Southwel soone in lawe vnto the lord Admirall the Beare vnder the lord Sheffield nephew vnto the lord Admirall the Victorie vnder Captaine Barker and the Galeon Leicester vnder the forenamed Captaine George Fenner with great valour and dreadfull thundering of shot encountered the Spanish Admiral being in the very midst
Laus tua prima fuit Siculi Cyprus altera Dromo tertia Caruanna quarta suprema Iope Retrusi Siculi Cyprus pessundata Dromo mersus Caruanna capta retenta Iope Epitaphium eiusdem vbi viscera eius requiescunt VIscera Kareolum corpus fons seruat Ebraldi cor Rothomagus magne Richarde tuum The life and trauailes of Baldwinus Deuonius sometime Archbishop of Canterbury BAldwinus Deuonius tenui loco Excestriae natus vir ore facundus exactus Philosophus ad omne studiorum genus per illos dies aptissimus inuenie batur Scholarum rector primùm erat tum postea Archidiac onus eruditione ac sapientia in omni negotio celebris fuit praeterâ—à Cisterciensis Monachus Abbas Fordensis Coenobij magnus suorum aestimatione ac vniuersae eorum societati quasi Antesignanus fuit deinde Wigoâ—niensis praesul fuit mortuo demùm Richardo Cantuariorum Archiepiscopus ac totius Angliae Primas Cui muneri Baldwinus sollicitè inuigilans egregium se pastorem exhibuit dominicum semen quantum patiebatur eius temporis iniquitas vnique locorum spargens Richardus Anglorum rex acceptis tunc regui insignijs summo studio classem ac omnia ad Hierosolymitanum bellum gerendum necessaria parauit Secutus est illicò regem in Syriam Palestinam vsque Baldwinus vt esset in tam Sancto vt ipse putabat iâ—inere laborum dolorum ac periculorum particeps Prefuit Cantuariensi Ecclesie ferè 6. annis Richardum regem in Syriam secutus anno Salutis nostrae 1190. Tyri vitam finiâ—it vbi sepultus est The same in English BAldwine a Deuonshire man borne in Exceter of mean parentage was a very eloquent man an exact Philosopher and in those dayes very excellent in all kind of studies He was first of all a Schoolemaster afterwards he became an Archdeacon very famous for his learning wisdom in all his doings He was also a Cistercian Monke and Abbot of Foord Monasterie and the chiefe of all those that were of his order he grew after this to be bishop of Worâ—ester and at last after the death of Archb. Richard he was promoted made Archbishop of Canterbury and Primate of all England In the discharge of which place he being very vigilant shewed himselfe a worthy Pastor sowing the feed of Gods word in euery place as farre foorth as the iniquitie of that time permitted In his time king Richard with all indeuour prepared a Fleet and all things necessary for waging of warre against the Infidels at Ierusalem taking with him the standerd and ensignes of the kingdome This Baldwine â—ftsoones folowed the king into Syria and Palestina as one desirous to be partaker of his trauailes paines and perils in so holy a voyage Hee was Archbishop of Canterburie almost sixe yeres but hauing followed the king into Syria in the yeere 1190â— he died at Tyrâ— where he was also buried ¶ An annotation concerning the trauailes of the sayd Baldwine taken out of Giraldus Cambrensis in his Itinerarium Cambriae lib. â— Cap. 14. Fol. 229. INter primos Thomae Becketi successor hic secundus audita saluatoris salutiâ—â—rae Crucis iniuria nostris proh dolor diebus per Saladinum irrogata cruce â—ignatus in eiusdem obsequâ—js tam remotis finibus quà m propinquis praedicationis officium virilâ—ter assumpsit Et post-modùm iter accipiens nauigiâ—que fungens apud Marsiham transcurso tandem pelagi profundo in portu Tyrensâ—incolumis applicuit inde ad exercitum nostrum obsidentem pariter obsessum Aconem transiuit vbi multos ex nostris inueniens ferè cunctos principum defectu in summa desolatione iam positos desperatione alios quidem longa expectatione fatigatos alios fame inopia grauiter afflictos quosdam verò aëris inclementia distemperatos diem foelicitèr in terra sacra clausurus extremum singulos pro posse vinculo charitat is amplectens sumptibus impensis verbis vitae meritis confirmauit The same in English THis Baldwine being the second successor vnto Thomas Becket after he had heard y e wrong which was done to our Sauiour and the signe of the Crosse by Saladine the Sultan of Egypt taking vpon him the Lords Character he couragiously perfourmed his office of preaching in the obedience thereof as well in farre distant Countreis as at home And afterwards taking his iourney and imbarking himselfe at Marseils hauing at length passed y e Leuant sea he arriued safely in the Hauen of Tyrus and from thence went ouer to Achon vnto our armie besieging the Towne and yet as it were besieged it selfe where finding many of our Countreymen and almost all men remaining in wonderfull pensiuenesse and despaire through the withdrawing of the Princes some of them tyred with long expectation others grieuously afflicted with hunger and pouertie and others distempered with the heate of the weather being ready happily to ende his dayes in the Holy land embracing euery one according to his abilitie in the bond of loue he ayded them at his costes and charges and strengthened them with his wordes and good examples of life ¶ A note drawen out of a very ancient booke remaining in the hands of the right worshipfull M. Thomas Tilney Esquire touching Sir Frederike Tilney his ancestor knighted at Acon in the Holy land for his valour by K. Richard the first as foloweth PErtinult iste liber prâ—ùs Frederico Tilney de Boston in comitatu Lincolniae militi facto apud Acon in terra Iudae ae anno regis Richardi primi tertio Vir erat iste magnae staturae potens in corpore qui cum patribus suis dormit apud Titrington iuxta villam sui nominis Tilney in Mershland Cuius altitudo in salua custodia permanet ibidem vsque in hunc diem Et post eius obitum sexdecem militibus eius nominis Tilney haereditas illa successiuè obuenit quorum vnus post alium semper habitabat apud Boston praedictum dum fratris senioris haereditas haeredi generali deuoluta est quae nupta est Iohanni duci Norfolciae Eorum miles vltimus â—uit Philippus Tilney nuper de Shelleigh in Comitatu Suffolciae pater genitor Thomae Tilney de Hadleigh in Comltatu praedicto Armigeri cui modò artineâ— iste liber Anno aetatis suae 64. Anno Domini 1556. ¶ The same in English THis booke pertained in times past vnto Sir Frederick Tilney of Boston in the Countie of Lincolne who was knighted at Acon in the land of Iurie in the third yeere of the reigne of king Richard the first This knight was of a tall stature and strong of body who resteth interred with his fore fathers at Tirrington neere vnto a towne in Marshland called by his owne name Tilney The iust height of this knight is there kept in safe custody vntill this very day Also after this mans decease the inheritance of his landes fell successiuely vnto sixteene sundry knights called all
of Egypt in the yeere 1218. And then Henry the king vpon the motion of Honorius the third bishop of Rome sent thither this earle Ranulph with a great power of armed souldiers to further the enterprise of the Christians whose valure in that warre by the testimonie of Polidor Virgil was marueilously commended of all men After the end of which businesse he being returned into his countrey wrote a booke of the lawes of England It is also reported that he wrote other books but time the destroyer of many memorials hath taken them from vs. He flourished in the yeere after the natiuity of Christ 1230 being very aged and in the reigne of K. Henry the third The voyage of Petrus de Rupibus bishop of VVinchester to Ierusalem in the yere of grace 1231 and in the 15 of Henry the third ANno gratiae 1231 mense verò Iulio Petrus Wintoniensis episcopus completo in terra sancta iam sere per quinquennium magnificè peregrinationis voto reuersus est in Angliam Kalendis Augusti Wintoniam veniens susceptus est cum processione solenni in sua ecclesia cathedrali The same in English IN the yere of grace 1231 and in the moneth of Iuly Peter bishop of Winchester hauing spent almost fiue whole yeres in fulfilling his vow of pilgrimage in the Holy land with great pompe returned into England about the Kalends of August and comming vnto Winchester was receiued with solemne procession into his cathedrall church The honourable and prosperous voyage of Richard earle of Cornewall brother to king Henry the third accompanied with William Longespee earle of Sarisburie and many other noble men into Syria IN the 24 yeere of king Henry the third Richard earle of Cornwall the kings brother with a nauy of ships sailed into Syria where in the warres against the Saracens he greatly aduanced the part of the Christians There went ouer with him the earle of Sarisburie William Longspee and William Basset Iohn Beauchampe Geoffrey de Lucie Iohn Neuel Geoffrey Beauchampe Peter de Brense and William Furniuall Simon Montfort earle of Leicester went ouer also the same time but whereas the earle of Cornwall tooke the sea at Marseils the earle of Leicester passed thorow Italy and tooke shipping at Brindize in Apulia and with him went these persons of name Thomas de Furniual with his brother Gerard de Furniuall Hugh Wake Almerike de S. Aumond Wiscard Ledet Punchard de Dewin and William de Dewin that were brethren Gerard Pesmes Fouke de Baugie and Peter de Chauntenay Shortly after also Iohn earle of Albemarle William Fortis and Peter de Mallow a Poictouin men for their valiancy greatly renowmed went thither leading with them a great number of Christian souldiers Matth. Paris Matth. West Holensh pag. 225. col 2. The comming of the Emperour of Constantinople called Baldwine into England in the yere 1247 out of Matthâ— Paris Holensh pag. 239. vol. 2. ABout the same time Baldwine naming himselfe emperour of Constantinople came againe into England to procure some new ayd of the king towards the recouery of his empire out of the which he was expelled by the Greeks The voyage of VVilliam Longespee Earle of Sarisburie into Asia in the yeere 1248 and in the 32 yeere of the reigne of Henry the third king of England LEwis the French king being recouered of his sickenesse which he fell into in the yere 1234 vowed thereupon for a free will sacriâ—ice to God that he if the Councell of his realme would suffer him would in his owne person visit the Holy land which matter was opened and debated in the Parliament of France held in the yeere 1247. Where at length it was concluded that the king according to his vow should take his iourney into Asia and the time thereof was also prefixed which should be after the feast of S. Iohn Baptist the next yeere ensuing At which time William Longespee a worthie warrior with the bishop of Worcester and certaine other great men in the Realme of England mooued with the example of the Frenchmen prepared themselues likewise to the same iourney It fell out in this enterprise that about the beginning of October the French king assaulted and tooke Damiata being the principall fort or hold of the Saracens in all Egypt Anno 1249. and hauing fortified the Citie with an able garrison left with the Duke of Burgundie he remooued his tents from thence to goe Eastward In whose armie followed William Longespee accompanied with a piked number of English warriors retaining vnto him But such was the disdaine of the Frenchmen against this William Longespee and the Englishmen that they could not abide them but flouted them after an opprobrious maner with English tailes insomuch that the French king himselfe had much adoe to keepe peace betweene them The originall cause of this grudge betweene them began thus There was not farre from Alexandria in Egypt a strong fort or castle replenished with great Ladies and rich treasure of the Saracens which hold it chanced the sayd William Longespee with his company of English soldiers to get more by politique dexteritie then by open force of armes wherwith he his retinue were greatly enriched When the â—renchmen had knowledge hereof they not being made priuie hereto began to conceiue an heart burning against the English souldiers could not speake well of them after that It hapned againe not long after that the sayd William had intelligence of a company of rich merchants among the Saracens going to a certaine Faire about the parts of Alexandria hauing their camels asses and mules richly loden with silkes precious iewels spices gold siluer with cart loades of other wares beside victuall and other furniture whereof the souldiers then stood in great need he hauing secret knowledge hereof gathered all the power of Englishmen vnto him that he could and so by night falling vpon the merchants some he slew with their guides and conducters some hee tooke some hee put to flight the carts with the driuers and with the oxen camels asses and mules with the whole cariage and victuals he tooke brought with him loosing in all the skirmish but one souldier and eight of his seruitors of whom notwithstanding some he brought home wounded to be cured This being knowen in the Campe foorth came the Frenchmen which all this while loytered in their pauillions and meeting this cariage by the way tooke all the foresayd praie whole to themselues rating the said William and the Englishmen for aduenturing and issuing out of the Campe without leaue or knowledge of their Generall contrary to the discipline of warre William said againe he had done nothing but he would answere to it whose purpose was to haue the spoyle deuided to the behoofe of the whole armie When this would not serue hee being sore grieued in his minde so cowardly to be spoyled of that which he so aduenturously had trauailed for went to the
that the same was done neither by him nor his consent Which princes and messengers standing aloofe off from the kings sonne worshipping him fell flat vpon the ground you sayd the prince do reuerence me but yet you loue me not But they vnderstood him not because he spake in English vnto them speaking by an Interpreter neuerthelesse he honourably entertained them and sent them away in peace Thus when prince Edward had beene eighteene moneths in Acra he tooke shipping about the Assumption of our Lady as we call it returning homeward and after seuen weekes he arriued in Sicilia at Trapes and from thence trauailed thorow the middes of Apulia till he came to Rome where he was of the Pope honorably entertained From thence he came into France whose fame and noble prowesse was there much bruted among the common people and enuied of the Nobility especially of the earle of Chalons who thought to haue intrapped him and his company as may appeare in the story but Prince Edward continued foorth his iourney to Paris and was there of the French king honourably entertained and after certaine dayes he went thence into Gascoine where he taried till that he heard of the death of the king his father at which time he came home and was crowned king of England in the yere of our Lord 1274. The trauaile of Robert Turneham RObertus Turneham Franciscanus Theologiae professor insignis Lynnae celebri Irenorum ad ripas Isidis emporio collegio suorum fratrum magnificè praefuit Edwardus Princeps cognomento Longus Henrici textij filius bellicam expeditionem contra Saracenos Assyriam incolentes anno Dom. 1268. parabat Ad quam profectionem quaesitus quoque Orator vehemens qui plebis in causa religionis animos excitaret Turnehamus principi visus vel dignissimus est qui munus hoc obiret Sic tanquam signifer constitutus Assyrios vnà cum Anglico exercitu peâ—ijt ac suum non sine laude praestitit officium Claruit anno salutiferi partus 1280 varia componens sub eodem Edwardo eius nominis primo post Conquestum The fame in English RObert Turneham Franciscan a notable professour of Diuinity was with great dignity Prior of the Colledge of his Order in the famous Mart towne of Linne situate vpon the riuer of Isis in Norfolke Prince Edward surnamed the Long the sonne of Henry the third prepared his warlike voyage against the Saracens dwelling in Syria in the yeere of our Lord 1268. For the which expedition some earnest preacher was sought to stir vp the peoples minds in the cause of religion And this Turneham seemed to the Prince most worthy to performe that office so that he being appointed as it were a standerd bearer went into Syria with the English army and performed his duety with good commendation He flourished in the yeere of Christ 1280 setting foorth diuers works vnder the same king Edward the first of that name after the Conquest Anthony Beck bishop of Durisme was elected Patriarch of Hierusalem and confirmed by Clement the fift bishop of Rome in the 34 yere of Edward the first Lelandus ANtonius Beckus episcopus Dunelmensis fult regnante Edwardo eius appellationis ab aduentu Gulielmi magni in Angliam primo Electus est in patriarcham Hierosolomitanum anno Christi 1305 a Clemente quinto Rom. pontifice confirmatus Splendidus erat supra quâm decebat episcopum Construxit castrum Achelandae quatuor passuum millibus a Dunelmo in ripa Vnduglessi fluuioli Elte shamum etiam vicinum Grencuico ac Somaridunum castellum Lindianae prouinciae ae dificijs illustria reddidit Deinde palatium Londini erexit quod nunc Edwardi principis est Tandem ex splendore nimio potentia conflauit sibi apud nobilitatem ingentem inuidiam quam viuens nunquam extinguere potuit Sed de Antonio eius scriptis fusiùs in opere cuius titulus de pontificibus Britannicis dicemus Obijt Antonius anno a nato in salutem nostram Christo 1310 Edwardo secundo regnante The same in English ANthony Beck was bishop of Durisine in the time of the reigne of Edward the first of that name after the inuasion of William the great into England This Anthony was elected patriarch of Ierusalem in the yeere of our Lord God 1305 and was confirmed by Clement the fift pope of Rome He was of greater magnificence then for the calling of a bishop He founded also the castle of Acheland foure miles from Durisme on the shore of a prety riuer called Vnduglesme He much beautified with new buildings Eltham mannor being nere vnto Greenwich and the castle Somaridune in the county of Lindsey And lastly he built new out of the ground the palace of London which now is in the possession of prince Edward Insomuch that at length through his ouer great magnificence and power he procured to himselfe great enuy among the nobility which he could not asswage during the rest of his life But of this Anthony of his writings we will speake more at large in our booke intitled of the Britain bishops This Anthony finished his life in the yere of our Lord God 1310 and in the reigne of king Edward the second Incipit Itinerarium fratris Odorici fratrum minorum de mirabilibus Orientalium Tartarorum LIcet multa varia de ritibus conditionibus huius mundi enarrentur a multis ego tamen frater Odoricus de foro Iulij de portu Vahonis volens ad partes infidelium transfretare magna mira vidi audiui quae possum veracitèr enarrare Primò transiens Mare Maius me de Pera iuxta CoÌ„stantinopolim transtuli Trapesundam quae antiquitus Pontus vocabatur Haec terra benè situata est sicut scala quaedam Perfarum Medorum eorum qui sunt vltra mare In hac terra vidi mirabile quod mihi placuit scilicèt hominem ducentem secum plusquam 4000 perdicum Homo autem per terram gradiebatur perdices vero volabant per aëra quas ipse ad quoddam castrum dictum Zauena duxit distans à Trapesunda per tres dieras Hae perdices illius conditionis erant cùm homo ille quiescere voluit omnes se aptabant circa ipsum more pullorum gallinarum per illum modum duxit eas vfque ad Trapesundam vsque ad palatium imperatoris qui de illis sumpsit quot voluit residuas vir ille ad locum vnde venerat adduxit In hac ciuitate requiescit corpus Athanasij supra portam ciuitatis Vltra transiui vsque in Armeniam maiorem ad quandam ciuitatem quae vocatur Azaron quae erat multùm opulenta antiquitùs sed Tartari eam pro magna parte destruxerunt In ea erat abundantia pani carnium aliorum omniuÌ„ victualium preterquam vini fructuum Haec ciuitas est multuÌ„ frigida de illa dicitur quòd altius situatur quà m aliqua alia in hoc
time without the consent of the Gouernour for the time being and the more part of the said Company And further wee of our more ample and abundant grace meere motion and certaine knowledge haue graunted and by these patenâ—s for vs our heires and successors doe graunt to the saide Edward Thomas Richard and William their executors and administrators that they the saide Edward Thomas Richard and Willam their executors and administrators and the said person and persons by them the said Edward and Richard to be nominated or appointed as afore is said together with such two other persons as wee our heires or successors from time to time during the sayd terme shall nominate shall haue the whole trade and trafique and the whole entire onely libertie vse and priuilege of trading and trafiquing and vsing feate of marchandise into and from the said dominions of the said Grand Signior and euery of them And when there shall be no such persons so nominated or appointed by vs our heires or successors that then the said Edward Osborne Thomas Smith Richard Staper and William Garret their executors and administrators and such persons by them so to be appointed shall haue the saide whole trade and trafique and the whole entire and onely libertie vse and priuilege of trading and trafiquing aforesaid And that they the said Edward Thomas Richard and William their executors administrators and also al such as shal so be nominated or appointed to be partners or aduenturers in the said trade according to such agreement as is abouesaid and euery of them their seruants factors and deputies shal haue ful and free authoritie libertie facultie licence and power to trade and trafique into and from all and euery the saide dominions of the saide Grand Signior and into and from all places where by occasion of the said trade they shall happen to arriue or come whether they be Christians Turkes Gentiles or other and into and from all Seas riuers ports regions territories dominions coastes and places with their ships barks pinâ—esses and other vessels and with such mariners and men as they will lead with them or send for the said trade as they shall thinke good at their owne proper cost and expenses any law statute vsage or matter whatsoeuer to the contrary notwithstanding And that it shal be lawful for the said Edward Thomas Richard and William and to the persons aforesaid and to and for the mariners and seamen to bee vsed and employed in the said trade and voyage to set and place in the tops of their ships and others vessels the armes of England with the red crosse ouer the same as heretofore they haue vsed the red crosse any matter or thing to the contrary notwithstanding And we of our further royal fauor and of our especiall grace certaine knowledge and meere motion haue graunted and by these presents doe graunt to the said Edward Osbâ—rne Thomas Smith Richard Staper and William Garret their executors and administrators by these presents that the said lands territories and dominions of the said Grand Signior or any of them shall not be visited frequented nor haunted by way of marchandise by any other our subiects during the said terme contrary to the true meaning of these patents And by vertue of our high prerogatiue royall which wee will not haue argued or brought in question we straightly charge and commaund and prohibite for vs our heires and successours all our subiects of what degree or qualitie soeuer they be that none of them directly or indirectlâ— do visite haunt frequent or trade trafique or aduenture by way of marchandise into or from any of the Dominions of the sayde Grand Signior or other places abouesayde by water or by lande other then the said Edward Thomas Richard and William their executours or administrators or such as shal be admitted and nominated as is aforesaide without expresse licence agreement and consent of the said Gouernour and company or the more part of them whereof the said Gouernour alwayes to be one vpon paine of our high indignation and of forfeiâ—nre and losse as well of the ship and shippes with the furniture thereof as also of the goods marchandizes and things whatsoeuer they be of those our Subiects which shall attempt or presume to saile trafique or aduenture to or from any the dominions or places abouesaid contrary to the prohibition aforesaid the one halfe of the same forfeiture to be to the vse of vs our heires successors and the other halfe to the vse of the said Edward Thomas Richard and William and the said companie and further to suffer imprisonment during our pleasure and such other punishment as to vs for so high contempt shal seeme meete and conuenient And further of our grace speciall certaine knowledge and meere motion we haue condescended and graunted and by these patents for vs our heires and successors doe condescend and grant to the said Edward Thomas Richard William their executors and administrators that we our heires successors during the said terme will not grant liberty licence or power to any person or persons whatsoeuer contrary to the tenor of these our letters patents to saile passe trade or trafique into or from the said dominions of the said Grand Signior or any of them without the coÌ„sent of the said Edward Thomas Richard William and such as shal be named or appointed as afore is said or the most of them And that if at any time hereafter during the said terme y e said Edward Thomas Richard and William or the suruiuors of them shal admit or nominate any of our subiects to be partners aduenturers in the said trade to the number of 12. or vnder as afore is said that then we our heires and successors at the instance and petition of the said Edward Thomas Richard and William or the suruiuors of them in our Chauncerie to be made and vpon the sight of these presents will grant and make to the said Edward Thomas Richard and William or to the suruiuors of them and to such persons as so shall be nominated or appointed by their speciall names surnames additions as is aforesaid new letters patents vnder the great seale of England in due forme of law with like agreement clauses prohibitions prouisoes and articles mutatis mutandis as in these our letters patents are conteined for and during the residue of the said terme of seuen yeres then remaining vnexpired And that the sight of these presents shal be sufficient warrant to the Lord Chancellour or Lord keeper of the great seale for the time being for the making sealing and passing of such new letters patents without further writ or warrant for the same to be required had or obtained And the said Edward Osburne Thomas Smith and Richard Staper and William Garret and such others as shal be so nominated and appointed as is aforesaid to be of their trade or companie shall yeerely during 6. of the last yeres of
the said 7. yeres lade out of this our Realme and bring home yâ—erely for and in the feare and trade of marchandizing aforesaid so much goods and marchandizes as the custome and subsidie inwards and outwards shall amount in the whole to the summe of 500. li. yeerely So that the said Edward Osborne Thomas Smith Richard Staper and William Garret and the said persons so to be nominated as is aforesaid or any of them or their ship or shippes be not barred slayed restrained or let by any reasonable occasion from the sayde trade or trafique and so that the said ship or ships do not perish by any misfortune or bee spoyled by the way in their voyage And further the said Edward Osborne Thomas Smith Richard Staper and William Garret and such others as shall be appointed as aforesaide to be of their saide trade or Company shall giue notice vnto the Lord Admirall of England or to some of the principall officers of the Admiraltie for the time being of such ship or shippes as they shall set foorth in the same voyage and of the number of Mariners appointed to goe in the same ship or shippes by the space of fifteene dayes before the setting or going foorth of the same ship or shippes And also the said Edward Osborne Thomas Smith Richard Staper and William Garret and such other as shall be by them the saide Edward and Richard nominated to be of the said trade shall and will at the setting foorth of their ship or shippes for the same voyage permit and suffer the Master of the Ordinance of vs our heires and successors or some others our or their principall officers of the Ordinance to take a view of the number and quantitie of such Ordinance powder and munition as shall be caried in the said ship or shippes and shall also at the returne of the same ship or shippes suffer a view to be taken and vpon request made make an accompt to the saide officers of our Ordinance of the expenses and wastes of the said Ordinance powder and munition so to bee caried in the same ship or shippes Prouided alwayes that if any of the said trade or Company or their seruants factors or sailers in any ship by them laden shall commit any piracie or outrage vpon the seas and that if the said Company or societie shall not or do not within reasonable time after complaint made or notice giuen to the said Company or to any of them either satisfie or recompense the parties that so shall fortune to be robbed or spoiled by any of the said Company or sailers in the said ships or els shall not do their endeuour to the vttermost of their reasonable power to haue the parties so offending punished for the same their offences that then and from thencefoorth these present letters patents shall be vtterly voyd cease and determine Prouided likewise that if it shall hereafter appeare vnto vs our heires or successors that this grant or the continuance thereof in the whole or in any part thereof shall not be profitable to vs our heires our successors or to this our Realme that then and fromthencefoorth vpon and after one full yeeres warning to be giuen vnto the said Company or to the Gouernour thereof by vs our heires or successors this present grant shall cease be voyd and determine to all intents constructions and purposes Prouided also that we our heires and successors from time to time during the said 7. yeeres may lawfully nominate appoint and authorise two persons being fit men to be of the saide company and for want or lacke of them two others to be aduenturers in the said trade for such stocke and summe of money as they shall put in so that the said persons to bee nominated or authorised shall be contributorie to all charges of the said trade aduenture indifferently according to their stockes and as other aduenturers of the said trade shall doe for their stockes and so that likewise they doe obserue the orders of the said Company allowable by this our graunt and that such persons so to be appointed by vs our heires or successors shall and may with the saide Company and fellowship vse the trade and feate of marchandise aforesaide and all the liberties and priuileges herein before granted according to the meaning of these our letters patents any thing in these our letters patents contained to the contrary notwithstanding And further of our speciall grace certaine knowledge and meere motion we haue condescended and granted and by these presents for vs our heires and successors doe condescend and grant to the said Edward Osborne Thomas Smith Richard Staper and William Garret their executors and administrators that if at the ende of the said terme of seuen yeeres it shall seeme meete and conuenient vnto the said Edward Osborne Thomas Smith Richard Staper and William Garret or the suruiuer of them that this present grant shall be continued and if that also it shall appeare vnto vs our heires or successors that the continuance thereof shall not be preiudiciall or hurtfull to this our Realme that then we our heires or successors at the instance and petition of the said Edward Osborne Thomas Smith Richard Staper and William Garret or the suruiuer of them to be made to vs our heires or successors wil grant and make to the said Edward Thomas Richard and William or the suruiuer of them and to such other persons as so shal be by the said Edward and Richard nominated and appointed new letters patents vnder the great seale of England in due forme of lawe with like couenants grants clauses and articles as in these presents are contained or with addiâ—ion of other necessary articles or change of these in some part for and during the full terme of seuen yeeres then next following Willing and sâ—raightly commanding and charging all and singuler our Admirals Uiceadmirals Iustices Maiors Sheriffes Escheaters Constables Bailiffes and all and singuler our other officers ministers liege men and subiects whatsoeuer to be aiding fauouring helping and assisâ—ing vnto the said Gouernour and company and their successors and to their Deputies officers seruants assignes and ministers and euery of them in executing and enioying the premisses as well on land as on sea from time to time and at all times when you or any of you shall be thereunto required any statute act ordinance prouiso proclamation or restraint heretofore had made set forth ordained or prouided or any other matter cause or thing to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding In witnesse whereof we haue caused these our letters to be made patents witnesse our selfe at Westminster the 1â— day of September in the 23. yeere of our raigne The first voyage or iourney made by Master Laurence Aldersey Marchant of London to the Cities of Ierusalem and Tripolis c. In the yeere 1581. Penned and set downe by himselfe I Departed from London the first day of April in the yeere of our Lord 1581
Angliensibus nauibus eorum in nauibus existentibus mercibus rebus contra foedus priuilegium iniuria vis aut damnum non inferatur sed vt conuenit defendas vt naues mercatores homines nostri velut proprij subditi liberi ab omni vi iniuria permaneant negotijs suis incumbant Et quod illius loci Ianisseri illos impedirent significatum est vt illi illis nocumento sint nullo modo concedimus Iuxta tenorem mandati huius illos commonefacias vt nihil quicquam contra foedus faciant ita vt nunquam huiusmodi querela huc veniat quia quicquid acciderit a te expostulabimus Negligentiam postponito insigni Cesareo fidem adhibeto A commaundement for Egypt SCito quod orator Reginae Angliae in porta mea existens libellum supplicem ad portam nostram mittens significauit quod cum ex AEgypto Consul eorum abesset Consulillic Gallicus existens Vento nuncupatus quamuis ante haec tempora ne manus in Anglos mitteret mandatum nostrum fuerit datum Angli sub vexillo tutela nostra sunt inquiens mandatum Caesareum vili existimans non cessauit perturbare Anglos Quare scito quod Reginae Angliae priuilegium nostrum est datum Iuxta illud priuilegium Anglis nulla ratione Consul Gallicus Consulatum agat neue manus immittat mandatum nostrum postulauit eius legatus Quare mando vt contra priuilegium nostrum Consul Gallicus Anglis iniuriam non inferat neue Consulatum agat Iudici AEgypti literae nostrae sunt datae hanc ob causam mando tibi quoque vt iuxta illud mandatum nostrum contra priuilegium nostrum Anglis Gallum Consulatum agere nunquam patiare Sic scito insigni meo fidem adhibeto A commaundement of the Grand Signior to the Cadie or Iudge of Alexandria THe Embassadour for the Queenes most excellent Maiestie of England certified vs howe that at the death of one of their marchants in Alexandria called Edward Chamberlaine the French Consul Vento sealing vp his fondego and chamber tooke vnder his seale al his goods and marchandise into his power and required our commandement that all the goods might be restored againe according to iustice vnto the Englishmen wherefore we commaund you that hauing receiued this our commandement you assemble those of the one part and of the other together and if it be not passed fiue yeeres if you haue not looked to it heretofore now carefully looke to it if it be according to their Arz or certificate presented vnto vs that the foresaid French Consull Vento hath wrongfuâ—ly token into his power the goods of the deceased English marchant vnder hâ—s seale that then you cause him to restore all the said goods and marchandise sealed by him and make good that which is thereof wanting vnto the English marchants doe in this matter according to iustice and credite this our seale A commandement to the Bassa of Alexandria THe Embassadour for the Queenes most excellent Maiesty of England by supplication certified vs how that notwithstanding our priuilege granted them to make Consuls in al parts of our dominions to gouerne their nation according to their owne custome law to defend them against all wrongs and iniuries whatsoeuer yet that the French Consull affirming to thee that art Bassa that they were vnder his banner and that he should gouerne them and ouersee their businesse and hauing got a new priuilege mentioning therein the English men to be vnder his banner did by all meanes molest trouble them insomuch that their Consull oppressed with many iniuries fled away and that thou which art Beglerbie didst maintaine the French Consul herein whereupon the Embassadour required our commandement that they might haue iustice for these iniuries wherefore we command thee that hauing receiued this our commandement you examine diligently that his priuilege and send the copie thereof hither and if it be found that the French Consull Vento hath by subtiltie got the aforesaid priuilege written that you then see him punished and suffer not hereafter the French or Uenetian Consuls to intermeddle with their businesse Obey this our commaundement and giue credite to the seale A commaundement to the Byes and Cadies of Metelin and Rhodes and to all the Cadies and Byes in the way to Constantinople TO the Saniakbies of Rhodes and Metelin to the Saniacbies bordering on the sea-coast and to the Cadies in Rhodes and Metelin and to the Ermins in the other ports and coastes This commaundement comming to you know that the Embassadour of England required of vs our commaundement that their ships comming to Chio from thence to Constantinople no man should hurt them or offer any violence either in the way on the sea or on the land or in the portes I haue commaunded that their ships comming to any of the said places or ports with marchandise if they themselues will they may sell their commodities as much and as litle as they will and if it be in a place where custome was not woont to be taken hauing taken the custome due by the olde Canon you suffer them not to bee iniuried either in the way portes or other places but that they may come in quietnesse to Constantinople and certifie vs of those that be disobedient to our commaundement and giue credite to our seale And hauing read this our commandement giue it to them againe A commaundement for Aleppo WHen my letters shal come vnto you know that the Queene of England her Embassador by supplication certified how that before this time we had giuen our coÌ„mandement that the summe of 70 ducats other marchandize belonging to one William Barret in Aleppo now bead saying he was a Uenetian should be giuen to the Uenetians And if they did find that he was not a Uenetian my will was that they should send all his goods and marchandize to our port into my treasurie But because that man was an Englishman the Embassadour required that the sayde goods might not be diminished but that they might be restored to one of their Englishmen This businesse was signified vnto vs in the nine hundred ninety fourth yere of Mahomet and in the moneth of May the 10 day This businesse pertaineth to the Englishmen who haue in their handes our priuilege according to which priuilege being in their hands let this matter be done Against this priuilege do nothing aske nothing of them but restore to euery one his goods And I command that when my coÌ„mandement shall come vnto you you doe according to it And if it be according as the Ambassadour certified and that they haue the priuilege peruse the same looke that nothing be committed against it and our league and let none trouble them contrarie to it restore them their goods according to iustice and take heede diligently in this businesse if another strange marchant be dead and his goods and marchandize be taken if he
for our realme with such conditions as are herein mentioned or with some alteration or qualification thereof that then wee our heires and successours at the instance and humble petition of the sayde Gouernour and Companie or any of them so suing for the same and such other person and persons our subiectes as they shall nominate and appoint or shall bee by vs our heires and successours newly nominated not exceeding in number twelue new letters patents vnder the great seale of England in due forme of lawe with like couenants graunts clauses and articles as in these presents are contained or with addition of other necessarie articles or changing of these in some partes for and during the full terme of twelue yeeres then next following Willing now hereby and straightly commaunding and charging all and singular our Admirals Uice-admirals Iustices Maiors Shiriffes Escheators Constables Bailiffes and all and singular other our Officers Ministers Liege men and subiects whatsoeuer to bee aiding fauouring helping and assisting vnto the sayâ— Companie and their successours and to their Deputies Officers Factors seruaunts assignes and ministers and euery of them in executing and enioying the premisses as well on land as on Sea from time to time at all times when you or any of you shal thereto bee required any Statute Acte ordinance Prouiso Proclamation or restraint heretofore had made set foorth ordained or prouided or any other matter cause or thing whatsoeuer to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding Alâ—hough expresse mention of the true yeerely value or certaintie of the premisses or any of them or of any other gifts or graunts by vs or any of our progenitours to the sayde Gouernour and Companie of the marchants of Leuant before this time made in these presents is not made Or any Statute Acte Ordinance prouision proclamation or restraint to the contrary thereof before this time had made done or prouided or any other matter thing or cause whatsoeuer in any wise notwithstanding In witnesse whereof wee haue caused these our letters to be made patents Witnesse our selfe at Westminster the seuenth day of Ianuarie in the foure and thirtieth yeere of our raigne Per breue de priuato Sigillo Bailie To the Worshipfull and his very louing Vncle M. Rowland Hewish Esquier at Sand in Deuonshire SIr considering the goodnesse of your Nature which is woont kindely to accept from a friend euen of meane things being giuen with a good heart I haue presumed to trouble you with the reading of this rude discourse of my trauailes into Turkie and of the deliuerie of the present with such other occurrents as there happened woorthie the obseruation of all which proceedings I was an eie-witnesse it pleasing the Ambassadour to take mee in with him to the Grand Signior If for lacke of time to put it in order I haue not performed it so well as it ought I craue pardon assuring you that to my knowledge I haue not missed in the trueth of anything If you aske mee what in my trauels I haue learned I answere as a noble man of France did to the like demaund Hoc vnum didici mundi contemptum and so concluding with the wise man in the booke of the Preacher that all is vanitie and one thing onely is necessarie I take my leaue and commit you to the Almightie From London the 16. March 1597. Your louing Nephew Richard Wrag A description of a Voiage to Constantinople and Syria begun the 21. of March 1593. and ended the 9. of August 1595. wherein is shewed the order of deliuering the second Present by Master Edward Barton her maiesties Ambassador which was sent from her Maiestie to Sultan Murad Can Emperour of Turkie WE set saile in the Ascension of London a new shippe very well appointed of two hundred and three score tunnes whereof was master one William Broadbanke a prouident and skilfull man in his facultie from Grauesend the one and twentie of March 1593. And vpon the eight of Aprill folowing wee passed the streights of Gibraltar and with a small Westerne gale the 24. of the same we arriued at Zante an Iland vnder the Venetians The fourth of May wee departed and the one and twentie wee arriued at Alexandretta in Cilicia in the very bottome of the Mediterrane sea a roade some 25. miles distant from Antioch where our marchants land their goods to bee sent for Aleppo From thence wee set saile the fift of Iune and by contrary windes were driuen vpon the coast of Caramania into a road neere a litle Iland where a castle standeth called Castle Rosso some thirtie leagues to the Eastwards of the Rhodes where after long search for fresh water we could finde none vntil certaine poore Greekes of the Iland brought vs to a well where we had 5 or 6 tuns That part of the country next the sea is very barren full of mountains yet found we there an olde tombe of marble with an epitaph of an ancient Greeke caracter by antiquity neere worne out and past reading which to the beholders seemed a monument of the greatnesse of the Grecian monarchy From thence we went to the Rhodes and by contrary windes were driuen into a port of Candy called Sittia this Iland is vnder the Uenetians who haue there 600 souldiers beside certaine Greeks continually in pay Here with contrary winds we stayed six weeks and in the end hauing the winde prosperous we sailed by Nicaria Pharos Delos and Andros with sight of many other Ilands in the Archipelago and arriued at the two castles in Hellespont the 24 of August Within few dayes after we came to Galipoli some thirty miles from this place where foure of vs tooke a Parma or boat of that place with two watermen which rowed vs along the Thracian shore to Constantinople which sometime sailing and sometime rowing in foure dayes they performed The first of September we arriued at the famous port of the Grand Signior where we were not a little welcome to M. Edward Barton vntill then her Maiesties Agent who with many other great persons had for many dayes expected the present Fiue or sixe dayes after the shippe arriued neere the Seuen towers which is a very strong hold and so called of so many turrets which it hath standing neere the sea side being the first part of the city that we came vnto Heere the Agent appointed the master of the Ascension to stay with the shippe vntill a fitte winde and opportunity serued to bring her about the Seraglio to salute the Grand Signior in his moskyta or church for you shall vnderstand that he hath built one neere the wall of his Seraglio or pallace adioyning to the Sea side whereunto twise or thrise a weeke hee resorteth to performe such religious rites as their law requireth where hee being within few dayes after our shippe set out in their best maner with flagges streamerâ— and pendants of diuers coloured silke with all the mariners together with most of the
leagues from Lisbone westwards early in the morning Captaine Preston descried a sayle some two or three leagues a head of vs after which we presently hastened our chase and ouertooke her about eight or nine of the clocke before noone She came lately from Saint Michaels roade hauing beene before at Brasill loden with Sugar and Brasile Hauing sent our boat to them to bring some of the chiefe of their men aboord the Victorie in the meane time whilest they were in comming to vs one out of the maine toppe espied another saile a head some three or foure leagues from vs. So immediately vpon the returne of our boate hauing sent her backe againe with some of our men aboord the prize we pursued speedily this new chase with all the sayles we could packe on and about two a clocke in the afternoone ouertooke her she had made prouision to fight with vs hauing hanged the sides of the ship so thicke with hides wherewith especially she was loden that musket shot could not haue pearced them but yer we had discharged two great pieces of our Ordinance at her she stroke sayle and approching neerer we asking of whence they were they answered from the West-Indies from Mexico and Saint Iohn de Lowe truely called Vlhuaâ— This ship was of some three or foure hundred tunnes and had in her seuen hundred hides worth tenne shillings a peece sixe chests of Cochinell euery chest houlding one hundred pound weight and euery pound worth sixe and twentie shillings and eight pence and certaine chests of Sugar and China dishes with some plate and siluer The Captaine of her was an Italian and by his behauiour seemed to be a graue wise and ciuill man he had put in aduenture in this shippe fiue and twentie thousand Duckats Wee tooke him with certaine other of her chiefest men which were Spaniards into the Victorie and Captaine Lister with so manie other of the chiefest of our Mariners souldiers and saylers as were thought sufficient to the number of 20. or there abouts were sent into her In the meane time we staying our other prizes which followed after came vp to vs. And nowe wee had our hands full and with ioy shaped our course for England for so it was thought meetest hauing now so many Portugals Spaniards and French men amongst vs that if we should haue taken any more prizes afterwards wee had not bene well able to haue manned them without endangering our selues So about 6. of the clocke in the afternoone when our other prize had ouertaken vs wee set saile for England But our prizes not being able to beare vs company without sparing them many of our sailes which caused our ship to rowle and wallow in such sort that it was not onely veâ—y troublesome to vs but as it was thought would also haue put the maine Maste in danger of falling ouerboord hauing acquainted them with these inconueniences we gaue them direction to keepe their courses together folowing vs and so to come to Portsmouth We tooke this last prize in the latitude of 39. degrees and about 46. leagues to the Westwards from The Rocke She was one of those 16. ships which we saw going into the hauen at Angra in Terçera October 8. Some of the men that we tooke out of her tolde vs that whilest wee were plying vp and downe before that hauen as before was shewed expecting the comming foorth of those shippes three of the greatest and best of them at the appointment of the Gouernour of Terçera were vnloden of their treasure and marchandize And in euery of them were put three hundred Souldiers which were appointed to haue come to lay the Victory aboord in the night and take her but when this should haue bene done the Victory was gone out of their sight Now we went meerily before the winde with all the sailes we could beare insomuch that in the space of 24. houres we sailed neere 47. leagues that is seuenscore English miles betwixt Friday at noone and Saturday at noone notwithstanding the shippe was very foule and much growne with long being at Sea which caused some of our company to make accompt they would see what running at Tilt there should bee at Whitehall vpon the Queenes day Others were imagining what a Christmas they would keepe in England with their shares of the prizes we had taken But so it befell that we kept a colde Christmas with the Bishop and his clearks rockes that lye to the Westwards from Sylly and the Westerne parts of England For soone after the wind scanting came about to the Eastwards the worst part of the heauens for vs from which the winde could blow in such sort that we could not fetch any part of England And hereupon also our allowance of drinke which was scant ynough before was yet more more scanted because of the scarcitie thereof in the shippe So that now a man was allowed but halfe a pinte at a meale and that many times colde water and scarce sweete Notwithstanding this was an happie estate in comparison of that which followed For from halfe a pinte we came to a quarter and that lasted not long neither so that by reason of this great scarcitie of drinke and contrarietie of winde we thought to put into Ireland there to relieue our wants But when wee came neere thither lying at hull all night tarrying for the daylight of the next morning whereby we might the safelyer bring our ship into some conuenient harbour there we were driuen so farre to lee-ward that we could fetch no part of Ireland so as with heauie hearts and sad cheare wee were constreined to returne backe againe and expect till it should please God to send vs a faire winde either for England or Ireland In the meane time we were allowed euery man three or foure spoones full of vineger to drinke at a meale for other drinke we had none sauing onely at two or three meales when we had in stead hereof as much wine which was wringed out of Wine-lees that remained With this hard fare for by reason of our great want of drinke wee durst eate but very litle wee continued for the space of a fourtnight or thereabouts Sauing that now and then wee feasted for it in the meane time And that was when there fell any haile or raine the haile-stones wee gathered vp and did eate them more pleasantly then if they had bene the sweetest Comfits in the world The raine-drops were so carefully saued that so neere as wee coulde not one was lost in all our shippe Some hanged vp sheetes tied with cordes by the foure corners and a weight in the midst that the water might runne downe thither and so be receiued into some vessell set or hanged vnderneth Some that wanted sheetes hanged vp nakins and cloutes and watched them till they were thorow wet then wringing and sucking out the water And that water which fell downe and washed away the filth and soyling of the shippe trod vnder foote
men hurt at the Capsten wee were faine to giue ouer and leaue it behinde holding on our course to Ventre hauen where wee safely arriued the same day that place being a very safe and conuenient harbor for vs that now wee might sing as we had iust cause They that goe downe to the Sea c. So soone as we had ankered here my Lord went foorthwith to shoare and brought presently fresh water and fresh victuals as Muttons pigges hennes c. to refresh his company withall Notwithstanding himselfe had lately bene very weake and tasted of the same extremitie that his Company did For in the time of our former want hauing a little fresh water left him remaining in a pot in the night it was broken and the water drunke and dried vp Soone after the sicke and wounded men were carried to the next principall Towne called Dingenacusli being about three miles distant from the foresaide hauen where our shippe roade to the Eastwards that there they might be the better refreshed and had the Chirurgians dayly to attend vpon them Here we wel refreshed our selues whilest the Irish harpe sounded sweetely in our eares and here we who for the former extremities were in maner halfe dead had our liues as it were restored vnto vs againe This Dingenacush is the chiefe Towne in al that part of Ireland it coÌ„sisteth but of one maine streete from whence some smaller doe proceede on either side It hath had gates as it seemeth in times past at either ende to open and shut as a Towne of warre and a Castle also The houses are very strongly built with thicke stone walles and narrow windowes like vnto Castles for as they confessed in time of trouble by reason of the wilde Irish or otherwise they vsed their houses for their defence as Castles The castle and all the houses in the Towne saue foure were won burnt and ruinated by the Erle of Desmond These foure houses fortified themselues against him and withstood him and all his power perforce so as he could not winne them There remaineth yet a thicke stone wall that passeth ouerthwart the midst of the streete which was a part of their fortification Notwithstanding whilest they thus defended themselues as some of them yet aliue confessed they were driuen to as great extremities as the Iewes besieged by Titus the Romane Emperour insomuch that they were constrained to eat dead mens carcases for hunger The Towne is nowe againe somewhat repaired but in effect there remaine but the ruines of the former Towne Commonly they haue no chimneis in their houses excepting them of the better sort so that the smoake was very troublesom to vs while we continued there Their fewell is turfes which they haue very good and whinnes or furres There groweth little wood thereabouts which maketh building chargeable there as also want of lime as they reported which they are faine to fetch from farre when they haue neede thereof But of stones there is store ynough so that with them they commonly make their hedges to part ech mans ground from other and the ground seemeth to be nothing else within but rockes and stones Yet it is very fruitfull and plentifull of grasse and graine as may appeare by the abundance of kine and cattel there insomuch that we had good muttons though somewhat lesse then ours in England for two shillings or fiue groates a piece good pigges and hennes for 3. pence a piece The greatest want is industrious painefull and husbandly inhabitants to till and trimme the ground for the common sort if they can prouide sufficient to serue from hand to mouth take no further care Of money as it seemeth there is very small store amongst them which perhaps was the cause that made them double and triple the prizes of many things we bought of them more then they were before our comming thither Good land was here to be had for foure pence the Acre yeerely rent There are Mines of Alome Tinne brasse and yron Sâ—ones wee sawe there as cleare as Christall naturally squared like Diamonds That part of the Countrey is all ful of great mountaines and hills from whence came running downe the pleasant streames of sweete fresh running water The naturall hardnesse of that Nation appeareth in this that their small children runne vsually in the middest of Winter vp and downe the streetes bare-foote and bare-legged with no other apparell many times saue onely a mantell to couer their nakednesse The chiefe Officer of their Towne they call their Soueraigne who hath the same office and authoritie among them that our Maiors haue with vs in England and hath his Sergeants to attenâ— vpon him and beare the Mace before him as our Maiors We were first intertained at the Soueraignes house which was one of those 4. that withstood the Erle of Desmond in his rebellion They haue the same forme of Common prayer word for word in Latin that we haue here in England Upon the Sunday the Soueraigne commeth into the Church with his Sergeant before him and the Sheriffe and others of the Towne accompany him and there they kneele downe euery man by himselfe priuately to make his prayers After this they rise and go out of the Church againe to drinke which being done they returne againe into the Church and then the Minister beginneth prayers Their maner of baptizing differeth something from ours part of the seruice belonging thereto is repeated in Latin and part in Irish. The Minister taketh the child in his hands and first dippeth it backwards and then forwards ouer head and eares into the cold water in the midst of Winter whereby also may appeare their naturall hardnesse as before was specified They had neither Bell drum nor trumpet to call the Parishioners together but they expect till their Soueraigne come and then they that haue any deuotion follow him They make their bread all in cakes and for the tenth part the bakers bake for all the towne We had of them some 10. or 11. Tunnes of beere for the Victory but it proued like a present purgation to them that tooke it so that we chose rather to drinke water then it The 20. of December we loosed froÌ„ hence hauing well prouided our selues of fresh water and other things necessary being accompanied with sir Edw. Dennie his Lady and two yong sonnes This day in the morning my Lord going ashoare to dispatch away speedily some fresh water that remained for the Victory the winde being very faire for vs brought vs newes that there were 60. Spanish prizes taken and brought to England For two or three dayes wee had a faire winde but afterwards it scanted so that as I said before we were faine to keepe a cold Christmas with The Bishop and his clearkes After this we met with an English ship that brought vs ioyful news of 91. Spanish prizes that were come to England and sorrowfull newes withall that the last and best prize we tooke had suffered shipwracke at
and them for vs our heires and successours by that name doe incorporate and doe erect and create as one body corporate to haue continuance for euer Moreouer vnto the sayd Adrian Gylbert and his said associats and vnto their heires and their sayd assignes for euer by name of the Colleagues of the fellowship for the discouerie of the Northwest passage we haue giuen graunted and confirmed and doe by these presents giue grant and confirme full power and authoritie from time to time and at all times hereafter to make order decree and enact constitute and ordeine and appoynt all such ordinances orders decrees lawes and actes as the sayd new corporation or body politique Colleagues of the fellowship for the discouerie of the Northwest passage shall thinke meete necessary and conuenient so that they or any of them be not contrary to the lawes of this realme and of this our present graunt And we by our Royall prerogatiue and fulnesse of our authority of our grace especiall certaine knowledge and meere motion do establish confirme ratifie all such ordinances orders decrees lawes and acts to be in so full and great power and authority as we our heires or successours may or can in any such case graunt confirme or ratifie And further for the better incouragement of our louing subiects in this discouerie we by our Royall prerogatiue and fulnesse of authority for vs our heires and successours doe giue graunt establish confirme ordeine ratifie and allow by these presents to the sayd Adrian Gylbert and to his associates and to the heires and assignes of them and euery of them for euer and to all other person or persons of our louing subiects whatsoeuer that shall hereafter trauaile sayle discouer or make voyage as aforesayd to any the Iles Mainelands Countreys or Territories whatsoeuer by vertue of this our graunt to be discouered that the heires and assignes of them and euery of them being borne within any of the Iles Mainelands and Countreys or Territories whatsoeuer before mentioned shall haue and inioy all the priuileges of free Denizens as persons natiue borne within this our Realme of England or within our allegiance for euer in such like ample maner and forme as if they were or had bene borne and personally resiant within our sayd Realme any law statute proclamation custome or vsage to the contrary hereof in any wise notwithstanding Moreouer for the consideration aforesayd by vertue hereof we giue and graunt vnto the sayd Adrian Gylbert his heires and assignes for euer free libertie licence and priuilege that during the space of fiue yeeres next and immediatly ensuing the date hereof if shall not be lawfull for any person or persons whatsoeuer to visit haunt frequent trade or make voyage to any Iles Mainlands Countreys Regions Prouinces Territories Seas Riuers Ports Bayes and Hauens nor to any other Hauens or places whatsoeuer hitherto not yet discouered by any of our subiects by vertue of this graunt to be traded vnto without the special consent and good liking of the said Adrian Gylbert his heires or assignes first had in writing And if any person or persons of the associats of the sayd Adrian his heires or assignes or any other person or persons whatsoeuer free of this discouery shall do any act or acts contrary to the tenour and true meaning hereof during the space of the sayd fiue yeeres that then the partie and parties so offending they and their heires for euer shall loose ipso facto the benefite and priuilege of this our graunt and shall stand and remaine to all intents and purposes as persons exempted out of this graunt And further by vertue hereof wee giue and graunt for vs our heires and successours at all times during the space of fiue yeers next ensuing the date hereof libertie and licence and sull authority to the sayd Adrian Gylbert and his heires and assignes that if it shall happen any one or moe in any ship or ships sayling on their sayd voyage to become mutinous sâ—diâ—ious disordered or any way virtuly to the preiudice or hinderance of the hope for the successe in the attempt or prosecuting of this discouerie or trade intended to vse or execute vpon him or them so offending such punishment correction or execution as the cause shall be â—ound in iustice to require by the verdict of twelue of the companie sworne thereunto as in such a case apperteineth That expresse mention of the certaintie of the premisses or of other gifts or graunts by vs to the sayd Adrian Gylbert and his associats before this time made is not mentioned in these presents or any other lawe act statute prouiso graunt or proclamation heretofore made or hereafter to be made to the contrary hereof in any wise notwithstanding In witnesse whereof we haue made these our Letters to bee made patenâ—s Witnesse our selfe at Westminster the sixt day of Februarie in the sixe and twenty yeere of our reigne The first voyage of M. Iohn Dauis vndertaken in Iune 1585. for the discouerie of the Northwest passage Written by M. Iohn Ianes Marchant sometimes seruant to the worshipfull Master William Sanderson CErtaine Honourable personages and worthy Gentlemen of the Court Countrey with diuers worshipful Marchants of London and of the West Countrey mooued with desire to aduance Gods glory and to seeke the good of their natiue Countrey consulting together of the likelyhood of the Discouerie of the Northwest passage which heretofore had bene attempted but vnhappily giuen ouer by accidents vnlooked for which turned the enterprisers from their principall purpose resolued after good deliberation to put downe their aduentures to prouide for necessarie shipping and a fit man to be chiefe Conductour of this so hard an enterprise The setting forth of this Action was committed by the aduenturers especially to the care of M. William Sanderson Marchant of London who was so forward therein that besides his trauaile which was not small hee became the greatest aduenturer with his purse and commended vnto the rest of the companie one M. Iohn Dauis a man very well grounded in the principles of the Arte of Nauigation for Captaine and chiefe Pilot of this exployt Thus therefore all things being put in a readines wee departed from Dartmouth the seuenth of Iune towards the discouerie of the aforesayd Northwest passage with two Barkes the one being of 50. tunnes named the Sunneshine of London and the other being 35. tunnes named the Mooneshine of Dartmouth In the Sunneshine we had 23. persons whose names are these following M. Iohn Dauis Captaine William Eston Master Richard Pope Masters mate Iohn Iane Marchant Henry Dauie gunner William Crosse boatswayne Iohn Bagge Walter Arthur Luke Adams Robert Coxworthie Iohn Ellis Iohn Kelley Edward Helman William Dicke Andrew Maddocke Thomas Hill Robert Wats Carpenter William Russell Chrstopher Gorney boy Iames Cole Francis Ridley Iohn Russell Robert Cornish Musicians The Mooneshine had 19. persons William Bruton Captaine Iohn Ellis
painefull trauaile and most diligent inquirie Now to be short for I haue bene ouer long by Master Butlers means who cryed on mee to write at large and of as many things as I call to minde woorthy of remembrance wherefore this one thing more I could wish the Island in the mouth of the riuer of Canada should bee inhabited and the riuer searched for that there are many things which may rise thereof as I will shew you hereafter I could find in my heart to make proofe whether it be true or no that I haue read and heard of Frenchmen and Portugals to bee in that riuer and about Cape Briton I had almost forgot to speake of the plentie of wolues and to shew you that there be foxes blacke white gray other beasts I know none saue those before remembred I found also certain Mines of yron and copper in S. Iohns and in the Island of Yron which things might turne to our great benefite if our men had desire to plant thereabout for proofe whereof I haue brought home some of the oare of both sortes And thus I ende assuring you on my faith that if I had not beene deceiued by the vile Portugals descending of the Iâ—wes and Iudas kinde I had not failed to haue searched this riuer and all the coast of Cape Briton what might haue bene found to haue benefited our countrey but they breaking their bands and falsifying their faith and promise disappointed me of the salte they should haue brought me in part of recompense of my good seruice in defending them two yeeres against French Rouers that had spoyled them if I had not defended them By meanes whereof they made me lose not onely the searching of the countrey but also forced mee to come home with greatlosse aboue 600. li. For recompence whereof I haue sent my man into Portugall to demaund iustice at the Kings hand if not I must put vp my supplication to the Queenes Maiesty her honourable councell to grant me leaue to stay here so much of their goods as they haue damnified mee or else that I may take of them in Newfound land as much â—sh as shall be woorth 600. li. or as much as the salte might haue made I pray you aduertise mee what way I were best to take and what hope there will bee of a recompence if I follow the suite many there are that doe comfort me and doe bid me proceede for that her Maiestie and the councell doe tender poore fisher men who with me haue susteined three hundred pound lossâ— in that voyage And to conclude if you and your friend shall thinke me a man sufficiâ—nt and of credite to seeke the Isle of S. Iohn or the riuer of Canada with any part of the firme land of Cape Briton I shall giue my diligence for the true and perfect discouerie and leaue some part of mine owne businesse to further the same and thus I end committing you to God From Bristow the 13. of Nouember 1578. Yours to vse and command ANTHONY PARCKHVRST The Letters Patents graunted by her Maiestie to Sir Humfrey Gilbert knight for the inhabiting and planting of our people in America ELIZABETH by the grace of God Queene of England c. To all people to whom these presents shall come greeting Know ye that of our especiall grace certaine science and meere motion we haue giuen and granted and by these presents for vs our heires and successours doe giue and graunt to our trustie and welbeloued seruaunt Sir Humfrey Gilbert of Compton in our Countie of Deuonshire knight and to his heires and assignes for euer free libertie and licence from time to time and at all times for euer hereafter to discouer finde search out and view such remote heathen and barbarous lands countreys and territories not actually possessed of any Christian prince or people as to him his heires assignes and to euery or any of them shall seeme good and the same to haue hold occupie and enioy to him his heires and assignes for euer with all commodities iurisdictions and royalties both by sea and land and the sayd sir Humfrey and all such as from time to time by licence of vs our heires and successours shall goe and trauell thither to inhabite or remaine there to build and fortifie at the discretion of the sayde sir Humfrey and of his heires and assignes the statutes or actes of Parliament made against Fugitiues or against such as shall depart remaine or continue out of our Realme of England without licence or any other acte statute lawe or matter whatsoeuer to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding And wee doe likewise by these presents for vs our heires and successours giue full authoritie and power to the saide Sir Humfrey his heires and assignes and euery of them that hee and they and euery or any of them shall and may at all and euery time and times hereafter haue take and lead in the same voyages to trauell thitherward and to inhabite there with him and euery or any of them such and so many of our subiects as shall willingly accompany him and them and euery or any of them with sufficient shipping and furniture for their transportations so that none of the same persons nor any of them be such as hereafter shall be specially restrained by vs our heires and successors And further that he the said Humfrey his heires and assignes and euery or any of them shall haue hold occupy enioy to him his heires or assignes and euery of them for euer all the soyle of all such lands countries territories so to be discouered or possessed as aforesaid and of all Cities Castles Townes and Uillages and places in the same with the rites royalties and iurisdictions as well marine as other within the sayd lands or countreys of the seas thereunto adioyning to be had or vsed with ful power to dispose thereof of euery part thereof in fee simple or otherwise according to the order of the laws of England as nere as the same conueniently may be at his and their will pleasure to any person then being or that shall remaine within the allegiance of vs our heires and successours paying vnto vs for all seruices dueties and demaunds the fift part of all the oare of gold and siluer that from time to time and at all times after such discouerie subduing and possessing shall be there gotten all which lands countreys and territories shall for euer bee holden by the sayd Sir Humfrey his heires and assignes of vs our heires and successours by homage and by the sayd payment of the sayd fift part before reserued onely for all seruices And moreouer we doe by these presents for vs our heires and successours giue and graunt licence to the sayde Sir Humfrey Gilbert his heires or assignes and to euery of them that hee and they and euery or any of them shall and may from time to time and all times for euer hereafter for
his and their defence encounter expulse repell and resist as well by Sea as by land and by all other wayes whatsoeuer all and euery such person and persons whatsoeuer as without the speciall licence and liking of the sayd Sir Humfrey and of his heires and assignes shall attempt to inhabite within the sayd countreys or any of them or within the space of two hundreth leagues neere to the place or places within such countreys as aforesayd if they shall not bee before planted or inhabited within the limites aforesayd with the subiects of any Christian prince being in amitie with her Maiesty where the said sir Humfrey his heires or assignes or any of them or his or their or any of their associates or companies shall within sixe yeeres next ensuing make their dwellings and abidings or that shall enterprise or attempt at any time hereafter vnlawfully to annoy either by Sea or land the said sir Humfrey his heires or assignes or any of them or his or their or any of their companies giuing and graunting by these presents further power and authoritie to the sayd sir Humfrey his heires and assignes and euery of them from time to time and at all times for euer hereafter to take and surprise by all maner of meanes whatsoeuer all and euery person and persons with their shippes vessels and other goods and furniture which without the licence of the sayd sir Humfrey or his heires or assignes as aforesayd shall bee found traffiquing into any harborough or harboroughs creeke or creekes within the limites aforesayde the â—ubiects of our Realmes and dominions and all other persons in amitie with vs bring driuen by force of tempest or shipwracke onely excepted and those persons and euery of them with their ships vessels goods and furniture to detaine and possesse as of good and lawfull prize according to the discretion of him the sayd sir Humfrey his heires and assignes and of euery or any of them And for vniting in more perfect league and amitie of such countreys landes and territories so to bee possessed and inhabited as aforesayde with our Realmes of England and Ireland and for the better encouragement of men to this enterprise wee doe by these presents graunt and declare that all such countreys so hereafter to bee possessed and inhabited as aforesayd from thencefoorth shall bee of the allegiance of vs our heires and successours And wee doe graunt to the sayd sir Humfrey his heires and assignes and to all and euery of them and to all and euery other person and persons being of our allegiance whose names shall be noted or entred in some of our courts of Record within this our Realme of England and that with the assent of the sayd sir Humfrey his heires or assignes shall nowe in this iourney for discouerie or in the second iourney for conquest hereafter trauel to such lands countries and territories as aforesaid and to their and euery of their heires that they and euery or any of them being either borne within our sayd Realmes of England or Ireland or within any other place within our allegiance and which hereafter shall be inhabiting within any the lands countreys and territories with such licence as aforesayd shall and may haue and enioy all the priuileges of free denizens and persons natiue of England and within our allegiance any law custome or vsage to the contrary notwithstanding And forasmuch as vpon the finding out discouering and inhabiting of such remote lands countreys and territories as aforesayd it shall be necessarie for the safetie of all men that shall aduenture themselues in those iourneys or voiages to determine to liue together in Christian peace and ciuill quietnesse each with other whereby euery one may with more pleasure and profit enioy that whereunto they shall attaine with great paine and perill wee for vs our heires and successours are likewise pleased and contented and by these presents doe giue and graunt to the sayd sir Humfrey and his heires and assignes for euer that he and they and euery or any of them shall and may from time to time for euer hereafter within the sayd mentioned remote lands and countreys and in the way by the Seas thither and from thence haue full and meere power and authoritie to correct punish pardon gouerne and rule by their and euery or any of their good discretions and pollicies as well in causes capitall or criminall as ciuill both marine and other all such our subiects and others as shall from time to time hereafter aduenture themselues in the sayd iournâ—ys or voyages habitatiue or possessiue or that shall at any time hereafter inhabite any such lands countreys or territories as aforesayd or that shall abide within two hundred leagues of any the sayd place or places where the sayd sir Humfrey or his heires or assignes or any of them or any of his or their associats or companies shall inhabite within sixe yeeres next ensuing the date hereof according to such statutes lawes and ordinances as shall be by him the said sir Humfrey his heires and assignes or euery or any of them deuised or established for the better gouernement of the said people as aforesayd so alwayes that the sayd statutes lawes and ordinances may be as neere as conuâ—niently may agreeable to the forme of the lawes pollicy of England and also that they be not against the true Christian faith or religion now professed in the church of England nor in any wise to withdraw any of the subiects or people of those lands or places from the allegiance of vs our heires or successours as their immediate Soueraignes vnder God And further we doe by these presents for vs our heires and successours giue and graunt full power and authority to our trustie and welbeloued counseller sir William Cecill knight lord Burleigh our high treasurer of England and to the lord treasurer of England of vs for the time being and to the priuie counsell of vs our heires and successours or any foure of them for the time being that he they or any foure of them shall and may from time to time and at all times hereafter vnder his or their handes or seales by vertue of these presents authorize and licence the sayd sir Humfrey Gilbert his heires and assignes and euery or any of them by him and themselues or by their or any of their sufficient atturneys deputies officers ministers factors and seruants to imbarke and transport out of our Realmes of England and Ireland all or any of his or their goods and all or any the goods of his or their associates and companies and euery or any of them with such other necessaries and commodities of any our Realmes as to the said lord treasurer or foure of the priuie counsell of vs our heires or successours for the time being as aforesayd shall be from time to time by his or their wisedoms or discâ—etions thought meete and conuenient for the better reliefe and supportation of him the
to the world Gods iudgements inflicted vpon them as shal be declared in place conuenient Thus after we had met with the Swallow we held on our course Southward vntill we came against the harbor called S. Iohn about 5. leagues from the former Cape of S. Francis where before the entrance into the harbor we found also the Frigate or Squirrill lying at anker Whom the English marchants that were alwaies be Admirals by turnes interchangeably ouer the fleetes of fishermen within the same harbor would not permit to enter into the harbor Glad of so happy meeting both of the Swallow and Frigate in one day being Saturday the 3. of August we made readie our fights prepared to enter the harbor any resistance to the contrarie notwithstanding there being within of â—ll-nations to the number of 36 sailes But first the Generall dispatched a boat to giue thâ—m knowledge of his comming for no ill intent hauing Commission from her Maiestie for his voiage he had in hand And immediatly we followed with a slacke gale and in the very entrance which is but narrow not aboue 2 buts length the Admirall fell vpon a rocke on the larboord side by great ouersight in that the weather was faire the rocke much aboue water fast by the shore where neither went any sea gate But we found such readinesse in the English Marchants to helpe vs in that danger that without delay there were brought a number of boates which towed off the ship and cleared her of danger Hauing taken place conuenient in the road we let fall ankers the Captaines and Masters repairing aboord our Admirall whither also came immediatly the Masters and owners of the fishing fleete of Englishmâ—n to vnderstand the Generals intent and cause of our arriuall there They were all satisfied when the General had shewed his commission and purpose to take possession of those lands to the behalfe of the crowne of England and the aduancement of Christian religion in those Paganish regions requiring but their lawfull ayde for repayring of his fleete and supply of some necessaries so farre as conueniently might be afforded him both out of that and other habors adioyning In lieu whereof he made offer to gratifie them with any fauour and priuiledge which vpon their better aduise they should demand the like being not to bee obteyned hereafter for greater price So crauing expedition of his demand minding to proceede further South without long detention in those partes he dismissed them after promise giuen of their best indeuour to satisfie speedily his so reasonable request The marchants with their Masters departed they caused foorthwith to be discharged all the great Ordinance of their fleete in token of our welcome It was further determined that euery ship of our fleete should deliuer vnto the marchants and Masters of that harbour a note of all their wants which done the ships aswell English as strangers were tared at an easie rate to make supply And besides Commissioners were appointed part of our owne companie and part of theirs to go into other harbours adioyning for our English marchants command all there to leauie our prouision whereunto the Portugals aboue other nations did most willingly and liberally contribute Insomuch as we were presented aboue our allowance with wines marmalads most fine ruske or bisket sweet oyles and sundry delicacies Also we wanted not of fresh salmons trouts lobsters and other fresh fish brought daily vnto vs. Moreouer as the maner is in their fishing euery weeke to choose their Admirall a new or rather they succeede in orderly course and haue weekely their Admirals feast solemnized euen so the General Captaines and masters of our fleete were continually inuited and feasted To grow short in our abundance at home the intertainment had bene delightfull but after our wants and tedious passage through the Ocean it seemed more acceptable and of greater contentation by how much the same was vnexpected in that desolate corner of the world where at other times of the yeare wilde beasts and birds haue only the fruition of all those countries which now seemed a place very populous and much frequented The next morning being Sunday and the 4 of August the Generall and his company were brought on land by English marchants who shewed vnto vs their accustomed walks vnto a place they call the Garden But nothing appeared more then Nature it selfe without art who confusedly hath brought foorth roses abundantly wilde but odoriferous and to sense very comfortable Also the like plentie of raspis berries which doe grow in euery place Munday following the General had his tent set vp who being accompanied with his own followers sommoned the marchants and masters both English and strangers to be present at his taking possession of those Countries Before whom openly was read interpreted vnto the strangers his Commission by vertue whereof he tooke possession in the same harbour of S. Iohn and 200 leagues euery way inuested the Queenes Maiestie with the title and dignitie thereof had deliuered vnto him after the custome of England a rod a turffe of the same soile entring possession also for him his heires and assignes for euer And signified vnto al men that from that time forward they should take the same land as a territorie appertaining to the Queene of England and himselfe authorised vnder her Maieâ—tie to possesse and enioy it And to ordaine lawes for the gouernement thereof agreeable so neere as conueniently might be vnto the lawes of England vnder which all people comming thither hereafter either to inhabite or by way of traffique should be subiected and gouerned And especially at the same time for a beginning he proposed deliuered three lawes to be in force immediatly That is to say the first for Religion which in publique exercise should be according to the Church of England The 2. for maintenance of her Maiesties right and possession of those territories against which if any thing were attempted preiudiciall the partie or parties offending should be adiudged and executed as in case of high treason according to the lawes of England The 3. if any person should vtter words sounding to the dishonour of her Maiestie be should loose his eares and haue his ship and goods confiscate These contents published obedience was promised by generall voyce and consent of the multitude aswell of Englishmen as strangers praying for continuance of this possession and gouernement begun After this the assembly was dismissed And afterward were erected not farre from that place the Armes of England ingrauen in lead and infixed vpon a pillar of wood Yet further and actually to establish this possession taken in the right of her Maiestie and to the behoofe of Sir Hâ—mfrey Gilbert knight his heires and assignes for euer the Generall granted in fee farme diuers parcels of land lying by the waterside both in this harbor of S. Iohn and elsewhere which was to the owners a great commoditie being
Et quis queso posser cùm ad longum progredi non liceat Nec minùs ignotum est an aliquid metalli subsit montibus Causa eadem est etsi aspectus eoruÌ„ mineras latentes prae se ferat Nos Admiralio authores fuimus syluas incendere quo ad inspiciendam regioneÌ„ spaciuÌ„ pateretinec diâ—plicebat illi consilium si non magnuÌ„ incommondum allaturum videretur Confirmatum est enim ab idoneis homâ—nibus cum casu quopiam in alia nescio qua statione id accidisset septeÌ„nium totuÌ„ pisces non comparuisse ex at erbata maris vnda ex terebynthina que coÌ„flagrantibus arboribus perrinulos defluebat Coelum hoc anni tempore ita feruidum est vt nisi pisces qui arefiunt ad solem assidui inuertantur ab adustione defendi non possint Hyeme quà m frigidum sit magnae moles glaciei in medio marinos docuere Relatum est à cornitibus mense Maio sexdecim totos dies interdum se inter tantam glaciem hesisâ—e vt 60. orgyas aliae essent insulae quarum latera soli apposita cum liquescerent libratione quadam vniuersam molem ita inuersam vt quòd ante pronum erat supinum euaderet magno praesentium discrimine vt consentaneum est Aer in terra mediocriter clarus est ad orientem supâ—a mare perpetuae nebulae Et in ipso mari circa Bancum sic vocant locum vbi quadraginta leucis a terra fundus attingitur pisces capi incipiunt nullus ferme dies absque pluuia Expeditis nostris necessitatibus in hoc loco in Austrum Deo iuuante progrediemur tanrò indies maiori spe quò plura de iis quas petimus regionibus commemorantur Haec de nostris Cupio de vobis scire sed metuo ne incassum Imprimis autem quomodo Vntonus meus absentiam meam ferat praeter modum intelligere velim Habebit nostrum obsequium officium paratum quandiu vixerimus Reuera autem spero hanc nostram peregrinationem ipsius instituto vsui futuram Nunc restat vt me tuum putes quidem ita tuum vt neminem magis Iuuet dei filius labores nostros catenus vt tu quoque participare possis Vale amicissime susuissime ornatissime Hakluyte nos ama In Newfundlandia apud portum Sancti Iohannis 6. Augusti 1583. STEPHANVS PARMENIVS Budeius tuus The same in English To the worshipfull Master Richard Hakluit at Oxford in Christ-church Master of Arts and Philosophie his friend and brother I Had not purposed to write vnto you when the promise of your letters came to my mind You thought in Iune last to haue followed vs your selfe and therefore I had left order that you should be aduertised of my state by Master Doctor Humfrey but so you would not be satisfied I will write therefore to you almost in the same words because I haue no leasure at this time to medicate new matters and to vary or multiply words The 11. of Iune we set saile at length from England in good earnest and departed leauing the hauen and land behind vs at Plimmouth our Fleete consisted of fiue shippes the greatest which the Admirals brother had lent vs withdrew her selfe from vs the third day wee know not vpon what occasion with the rest we sailed still together till the 23. of Iuly at which time our view of one another being intercepted by the great mists some of vs sailed one way and some another to vs alone the first land appeared the first of August about the latitude of 50. degrees when as before we had descended beyond 41. degrees in hope of some Southerly windes which notwithstanding neuer blew to vs at any fit time It is an Island which your men call Penguinâ— because of the multitude of birdes of the same name Yet wee neither sawe any birds nor drew neere to the land the winds seruing for our course directed to another place but wee meete altogether at that place a little before the Hauen whereunto by common Councell we had determined to come and that within the space of two houres by the great goodnesse of God and to our great ioy The place is situate in Newfound land betweene 47. and 48. degrees called by the name of Saint Iohns the Admirall himselfe by reason of the multitude of the men and the smalnesse of his ship had his company somewhat sickly and had already lost two of the same company which died of the Flixe of the rest we conceiue good hope Of our company for I ioyned my selfe with Maurice Browne a very proper Gentleman two persons by a mischance were drowned the rest are in safetie and strong and for mine owne part I was neuer more healthy Wee arriued at this place the third of August and the fift the Admirall tooke possession of the Countrey for himselfe and the kingdome of England hauing made and published certaine Lawes concerning religion and obedience to the Queene of England at this time our fare is somewhat better and daintier then it was before for in good sooth the experience of so long time hath taught vs what contrary winds wee haue found and what great trauell wee may endure hereafter and therefore wee will take such order that wee will want nothing for we found in this place about twenty Portugall and Spanish shippes besides the shippes of the English which being not able to match vs suffer vs not to bee hunger starued the English although they were of themselues strong ynough and safe from our force yet seeing our authoritie by the Queenes letters patents they shewed vs all maner of duety and humanitie The maner of this Countrey and people remaine now to be spoken of But what shall I say my good Hakluyt when I see nothing but a very wildernesse Of fish here is incredible abundance whereby great gaine growes to them that trauell to these parts the hooke is no sooner throwne out but it is eftsoones drawne vp with some goodly fish the whole land is full of hilles and woods The trees for the most part are Pynes and of them some are very olde and some yong a great part of them being fallen by reason of their age doth so hinder the sighe of the lâ—nd and stoppe the way of those that seeke to trauell that they can goe no whither all the grasse here is long and tall and little differeth from ours It seemeth also that the nature of this soyle is fit for corne for I found certaine blades and eares in a manner bearded so that it appeareth that by manuring and sowing they may easily be framed for the vse of man here are in the woodes bush berries or rather straw berries growing vp like trees of great sweetenesse Beares also appeare about the fishers stages of the Countrey and are sometimes killed but they seeme to bee write as I coniectured by their skinnes and somewhat lesse then ours Whether there bee any people
thirtie and fourtie sayle then being accompanied with all his Captaines Masters Gentlemen and other souldiers he caused all the Masters and principall Officers of the ships aswell Engliâ—hmen as Spanyards Portugales and of other nations to repayre vnto his tent And then and there in the presence of them all he did cause his Commission vnder the great Seale of England to bee openly and solemnely read vnto them whereby were granted vnto him his hâ—irâ—s and assignes by the Queenes most excellent Maiestie many great and large royalties liberties and priuiledges The effect whereof being signified vnto the strangers by an Interpreter hee tooke possession of the sayde land in the right of the Crowne of England by digging of a Turâ—fe and receiuing the same with an Hasell wand deliuered vnto him after the maner of the law and customâ— of England Then he signâ—fied vnto the company both strangers and others that from thencefoorth they were to liue in that land as the Territories appertayning to the Crowne of England and to be gouâ—rned by such Lawâ—s as by good aduise should be set downe which in all points so neere as might be should be agreeable to the Lawes of England And for to put the same in execution presently he ordained and establâ—shed three Lawes First that Râ—ligion publiquely exercised should be such and none other then is vsed in the Church of England The second that if any pâ—rson should bee lawfully conuicted of any practise against her Maiestie â—er Crowne and dignitie to be adiudged as traitors according to the Lawes of England The third if any should speake dishonourably of her Maiestie the partie so offendâ—ng to loose his eares his ship and goods to be confiscate to the vse of the Generall All men did very willingly submit themselues to these Lawes Then he caused the Queenes Mâ—iesties Armes to be ingraued set vp and erected with great sâ—lemnitie After this diuâ—rs Engliâ—hmen made sute vnto Sir Humfrey to haue of him by inheritance their accustomed stages standâ—ngs drying places in sundry places of that land for their fish as a thing that they doe make great accompt of which he granted vnto them in fee farme And by this mâ—anes he hath possâ—ssâ—on maintained for him in many parts of that Countrey To be briefe he did let set giue and dispose of many things as absolute Gouernor there by vertue of her Maiesties leuers patents And after their ships were repaired whereof one he was driuen to leaue behind both for want of men sufficient to furnish her as also to carrie home such sicke persons as were not able to proceede any further He departed from thence the 20. of August with the other three namely the Delight wherein was appointed Captaine in M. William Winters place that thence returned immediatly for England M. Maurice Browne the Goldenhinde in which was Captaine and owner M. Edward Hays and the little Friget where the Generall himselfe did goe seeming to him most fit to discouer and approch the shore The 21. day they came to Cape Race toward the South partes whereof lying a while becalmed they tooke Cod in largenes and quantitie exceeding the other parts of Newfound land where any of them had bene And from thence trending the coast West toward the Bay of Placentia the Generall sent certaine men a shore to view the Countrey which to them as they sayled along seemed pleasant Whereof his men at their returne gaue great commendation liking so well of the place as they would willingly haue stayed and wintred there But hauing the wind â—aire and good they proceeded on their course towards the firme of America which by reason of continuall fogs at that time of the yeere especially they could neuer see till Cox Master of the Golden Hinde did discerne landâ— and presently lost sight thereof againe at what time they were all vpon a breaâ—h in a great and outragious storme hauing vnder 3. fathome water But God deliuered the Frigat and the Golden Hindâ— from this great danger And the Delight in the presence of them all was lost to their vnspeakeable griefe with all their chiefe victuall munition and other necessary prouâ—sions and other things of value not fit here to be nâ—med Whereupon by reason also that Winter was come vpon them and foule weather increased with fogs and mists that so couered the land as without danger of perishing they could not approch it Sir Humfrey Gilbert and M. Hays were compelled much against their willes to retyre homewards And being 300. leagues on their way were after by tempestuous weather sâ—parated the one from the other the ninth of September last since which time M. Hays with his Barke is safely arriued but of Sir Humfrey as yet they heare no certaine newes Upon this report together with my former intent to write some briefe discourse in the commendation of this so noble and worthy an enterprise I did call to my remembrance the Historie of Themystocles the Grecian who being a right noble and valiant Captaine signified vnto his Countreymen the Citizens of Athens that he had inuented a deuise for their common wealth very profitable but it was of such importance and secrecie that it ought not to be râ—uealed before priuate conference had with some particular prudent person of their choyse The Athenians knowing Aristides the Philosopher to be a man indued with singular wisedome and vertue made choyse of him to haue conference with Themystcles and thâ—reupon to yeelde his â—pinion to the Citizens concerning the sayd deuise which was that they might set â—n fire the Nauie of their enemies with great facilitie as he had layde the plot Aristides made relation to the Citizens that the stratageme deuised by Themystocles was a profitable practise for the common wealth but it was dishonest The Athenians without further demaund what the same was did by common consent reiect and condemne it preferring honest and vpright deâ—ling before profite By occasion of this Historie I drewe my selfe into a more deepe consideration of this late vndertaken Uoyage whether it were as well pleasing to almightie God as profitable to men as lawfull as it seemed honourable As well gratefull â—o the Sauages as gainefull to the Christians And vpon mature deliberation I found the action to be honest and profitable and therefore allowable by the opinion of Aristides if he wâ—re now aliue which being by me herein sufficiently prooued as by Gods grace I purpose to doe I doubt not but that all good mindes will endeuour themselues to be assistants to this so comâ—endable an enterprise by the valiant and worthy Gentlemen our Countrey men already attempted and vndertaken Now whereas I doe vnderstand that Sir Humfrey Gilbert his adherents associates and friends doe meane with a conuenient supply with as much speede as may be to maintaine pursue and follow this intended voyage already in part perfourmed and by the assistance of almightie God â—o plant themselues and their people in
their children with the breast and they sit continually and are wrapped about the bellies with skinnes of furre The voyage of Monsieur Roberual from his Fort in Canada vnto Sagueuay the fifth of Iune 1543. MOnsieur Roberual the kings Lieutenant generall in the Countries of Canada Saguenay and Hochelaga departed toward the said prouince of Saguenay on the Tuesday the 5. day of Iune 1543. after supper and he with all his furniture was imbarked to make the saijd voyage But vpon a certaine occasion they lay in the Rode ouer against the place before mentioned but on the Wednesday about sixe of the clocke in the morning they set sayle and sayled against the streame in which voyage their whole furniture was of eight barks aswell great as small and to the number of threescore and ten persons with the aforesayd Generall The Generall left behinde him in the aforesayde place and Fort thirtie persons to remayne there vntill his returne from Saguenay which hee appoynted to bee the first of Iuly or else they should returne into France And hee left there behinde him but two Barkes to cary the sayde thirtie persons and the furniture which was there while hee stayed still in the Countrey And for effectuating hereof he left as his Lieutenant a gentleman named Monsieur de Royeze to whom he gaue commission and charged all men to obey him and to be at the commandement of the sayd lieutenant The victuals which were left for their mayntenance vntill the sayd first day of Iuly were receiued by the sayd Lieutenant Royeze On Thursday the 14. of Iune Monsieur de l'Espiney la Brosse Monsieur Frete Monsieur Longeual and others returned from the Generall from the voyage of Saguenay And note that eight men and one Barke were drowned and lost among whom was Monsieur de Noirefontaine and one named la Vasseur of Constance On Tuesday the 19. of Iune aforesayd there came from the Generall Monsieur de Villeneusue Talebot and three others which brought sixescore pounds weight of their corne and letters to stay yet vntill Magdalentyde which is the 22. day of Iuly The rest of this Uoyage is wanting THE VOYAGES AND NAVIGATIONS OF the English nation to Virginia and the seuerall discoueries therof chiefly at the charges of the honourable Sir Walter Ralegh knight from 33 to 40 degrees of latitude together with the successe of the English colonies there planted as likewise a description of the Countrey wiâ—h the Inhabitants and the manifold commodities Whereunto are annexed the Patents letters dicourses c. to this part belonging The letters patents granted by the Queenes Maiestie to M. VValter Ralegh now Knight for the discouering and planting oâ— new lands and Countries to continue the space of 6. yeeres and no more ELizabeth by the grace of God of England France and Ireland Queene defender of the faith c. To all people to whom these presents shal come greeting Know ye that of our especial grace certaine science meere motion we haue giuen and granted and by these presents for vs our hâ—ires and successors doe giue and grant to our trusty and welbeloued seruant Walter Ralegh Esquire and to his heires and assignes for euer free liberty licence from time to time and at all times for euer hereafter to discouer search finde out and view such remote heathen and barbarous lands countreis and territories not actually possessed of any Christian prince nor inhabited by Christian people as to him his heires and assignes and to euery or any of them shall seeme good and the same to haue holde occupy enioy to him his heires and assignes for euer with all prerogatiues commodities iurisdictioÌ„s royalties priuiledges franchises and preeminences thereto or thereabouts both by sea and land whatsoeuer we by our letters paâ—ents may grant and as we or any of our noble progenitors haue heretofore granted to any person or persons bodies politique or corporate and the saide Walter Ralegh his heires and assignes and all such as from time to time by licence of vs our heires and successors shal goe or trauaile thither to inhabite or remaine there to build and fortifie at the discretion of the said Walter Ralegh his heires assignes the statutes or act of Parliament made against fugitiues or against such as shall depart remaine or continue out of our Realme of England without licence or any other statute act law or â—ny ordinance whatsoeuer to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding And we do likewise by these presentsâ— of our especial grace meere motion and certaine knowledge for vs our heires and successors giue and graunt full authoritie libertie and power to the said Walter Ralegh his heires and assignes and euery of them that he and they and euery or any of them shall and may at all and euery time and times hereafter haue take and leade in the sayde voyage and trauaile thitherward or to inhabite there with him or them and euery or any of them such and so many of our subiects as shall willingly accompany him or them and euery or any of them and to whom also we doe by these presents giue full libertie and authoritie in that behalfe and also to haue take and employ and vse sufficient shipping and furniture for the transportations and Nauigations in that behalfe so that none of the same persons or any of them be such as hereafter shall be restrained by vs our heires or successors And further that the said Walter Ralegh his heires and assignes and euery of them shall haue holde occupie and enioy to him his heires and assignes and euery of them for euer all the soyle of all such landes territories and Countreis so to be discouered and possessed as aforesayd and of all such Cities Castles Townes Uillages and places in the same with the right royalties franchises and iurisdictions as well marine as other within the sayd landes or Countreis or the seas thereunto adioyning to be had or vsed with full power to dispose thereof and of euery part in fee simple or otherwise according to the order of the lawes of England as neere as the same conueniently may be at his and their wil and pleasure to any persons then being or that shall remaine within the allegiance of vs our heires and successors reseruing alwayes to vs our heires and successors for all seruices dueties and demaunds the fift part of all the oare of golde and siluer that from time to time and at all times after such discouerie subduing and possessing shall be there gotten and obteined All which lands Countries and territories shall for euer be holden of the sayd Walter Ralegh his heires and assignes of vs our heires and successors by homage and by the sayd payment of the sayd fift part reserued onely for all seruices And moreouer we do by these presents for vs our heires and successors giue and grant licence to the said Walter Ralegh his heires and assignes and
euery of them that he and they and euery or any of them shall and may from time to time and at all times for euer hereafter for his and their defence encounter and expulse repell and resist aswell by sea as by lande and by all other wayes whatsoeuer all and euery such person and persons whatsoeuer as without the especiall liking and license of the sayd Walter Ralegh and of his heires and assignes shall attempt to inhabite within the sayde Countryes or any of them or within the space of two hundreth leagues neere to the place or places within such Countryes as aforesayde if they shall not bee before planted or inhabited within the limits as aforesayd with the subiects of any Christian Prince being in amitie with vs where the sayd Walter Ralegh his heires or assignes or any of them or his or their or any of their associats or company shall within sixe yeeres next ensuing make their dwellings or abidings or that shall eâ—terprise or attempt at any time hereafter vnlawfully to annoy eyther by Sea or Lande the sayde Walter Ralegh his heires or assignes or any of them or his or their or any of his or their companies giuing and graunting by these presents further power and authoritie to the sayd Walter Ralegh his heires and assignes and euery of them from time to time and at all times for euer hereafter to take and surprise by all maner of meanes whatsoeuer all and euery those person or persons with their Shippes Uessels and other goods and furniture which without the licence of the sayde Walter Ralegh or his heires or assignes as aforesayd shal be found traffiquing into any Harbour or Harbours Creeke or Creekes within the limits aforesayd the subiects of our Realmes and Dominions and all other persons in amitie with vs trading to the Newfound lands for fishing as heretofore they haue commonly vsed or being driuen by force of a tempest or shipwracke onely excepted and those persons and euery of them with their shippes vessels goods and furniture to deteine and possesse as of good and lawfull prize according to the discretion of him the sayd Walter Ralegh his heires and assignes and euery or any of them And for vniting in more perfect league and amitie of such Countryes landes and territories so to be possessed and inhabited as aforesayd with our Realmes of England and Ireland and the better incouragement of men to these enterprises we doe by these presents graunt and declare that all such Countries so hereafter to be possessed and inhabited as is aforesayd from thencefoorth shall be of the allegiance of vs our heires and successours And wee doe graunt to the sayd Walter Ralegh his heires and assignes and to all and euery of them and to all and euery other person and persons being of our allegiance whose names shall be noted or entred in some of our Courts of recorde within our Realme of England that with the assent of the sayd Walter Ralegh his heires or assignes shall in his iourneis for discouerie or in the iourneis for conquest hereafter trauaile to such lands countreis and territories as aforesayd and to their and to euery of their heires that they and euery or any of them being eyther borne within our sayde Realmes of England or Irelande or in any other place within our allegiance and which hereafter shall be inhabiting within any the Lands Countryes and Territories with such licence as aforesayd shall and may haue all the priuiledges of free Denizens and persons natiue of England and within our allegiance in such like ample maner and forme as if they were borne and personally resident within our said Realme of Eâ—gland any law custome or vsage to the contrary notwithstanding And for asmuch as vpon the finding out discouering or iâ—habiting of such remote lands countries and territories as aforesaid it shal be necessary for the safety of all men that shall aduenture themselues in those iourneyes or voyages to determine to liue together in Christian peace and ciuill quietnesse eche with other whereby euery one may with more pleasure and profit enioy that whereunto they shall atteine with great paine and perill wee for vs our heires and successors are likewise pleased and contented and by these presents doe giue grant to the said Walter Ralegh his heires and assignes for euer that he and they and euery or any of them shall and may from time to time for euer hereafter within the said mentioned remote lands and countries in the way by the seas thither and from thence haue full and meere power and authoritie to correct punish pardon gouerne and rule by their and euery or any of their good discretions and policies aswell in causes capitall or criminall as ciuil both marine and other all such our subiects as shal from time to time aduenture themselues in the said iourneis or voyages or that shall at any time hereafter inhabite any such lands countreis or territories as aforesayd or that shall abide within 200. leagues of any of the sayde place or places where the sayde Walter Ralegh his heires or assignes or any of them or any of his or their associats or companies shall inhabite within 6. yeeres next ensuing the date hereof according to such statutes lawes and ordinances as shall be by him the sayd Walter Ralegh his heires and assignes and euery or any of them deuised or established for the better gouernment of the said people as aforesaid So alwayes as the said statutes lawes and ordinances may be as nere as conueniently may bee agreeable to the forme of the lawes statutes gouernement or pollicie of England and also so as they be not against the true Christian faith nowe professed in the Church of England nor in any wise to withdrawe any of the subiectes or people of those lands or places from the alleageance of vs our heires and successours as their immediate Soueraigne vnder God And further we doe by these presents for vs our heires and successors giue and grant ful power and authoritie to our trustie and wâ—lbeloued Counsailour Sir William Cecill knight Lorde Burghleyâ— our high Treasourer of England and to the Lorde Treasourer of England for vs our heires and successors for the time beingâ— and to the priuie Cousaile of vs our heires and successors or any foure or more of them for the time being that he they or any foure or more of them shall and may from time to time and at all times hereafter vnder his or their handes or Seales by vertue of these presents authorise and licence the saide Walter Ralegh his heires and assignes and euery or any of them by him by themselues or by their or any of their sufficient Atturneis Deputies Officers Ministers Factors and seruants to imbarke transport out of our Realme of England and Ireland and the Dominions thereof all or any of his or their goods and all or any the goods of his and their associats and companies and
went about and stoode off South southwest one watch then the wind shrinked to the Southwest that we could lye but South southwest sixe glasses so that at three a clocke wee cast about and lay Northwest sixe glasses and North northwest a watch being then eight a clocke the next day The 26. day wee lay as nigh as wee coulde betweene the North and the North northeast and saw the same land againe and made it to bee the foreland of Fontenay and the ragges to bee the Seames which bare now East Northeast of vs and wee stoode on till tenne a clocke then being within two leagues of the rockes and lesse wee cast about and stoode off Southwest because wee could not double the vttermost rockes when we were about we draue to the Southwards very faste for the ebbe set vs West southwest and being spring tides it horsed vs a pace to leewards for the space of one houre then with the flood which was come we draue againe to windewards at twelue at noone it was calme till 6. afternoone then wee stoode about larbord tacked South southwest one watch then at midnight wee cast about and stoode ouer North till foure aforenoone The 27. day hauing brought the land East southeast of vs we made it to be Sylly being before deceiued and went hence East by North to double Grimsbie leauing The bishop and his clearks to the Southwestwards which we before tooke to be The Seames At 7. a clocke in the afternoone we sawe the lands end of England which bare East by North off vs and is 7. leagues off from Sylly The 29. day at sixe a clocke beforenoone we had brought the Ramhead North of vs and were within a league of it and went in Northeast next band being thicke and foggie and little winde so that at eleuen a clocke we got in within the yland and there by mistaking of a sounding our ship came aground betweene the yle and the maine and there sate till 4. a clocke in the afternoone that it was halfe flood The 30. day about 9. a clocke with much adoe I furnished away P. Ieffries M. Symberbe and William Towreson with letters after dined at M. Blaccollers and made many salutations with diuers gentlemen The 31. I wrought abord all day and put our ship and things in order Afternoone I hauing pitie of some poore men of Milbrooke which were robbed the night before by a pirate named Purser which rid in Cawson bay I consented to goe out with the Edward in company of a small shippe which they had furnished to bee their Master so about fiue of the clocke in the afternoone came a hundreth men of theirs abord of mee About twelue a clocke wee set saile and by three afore day wee were gotten to the windwards of him then bee set saile and went hence to the Eastwards and outsailed vs because our consort would not come neere him after a small chase which we gaue him to no effect wee returned into our old road and there moared the ship about nine of the clocke in the forenoone and hence went all the Milbrooke men agaiâ—e ashore from mee And thus I ended a trouble some voyage The voyage set out by the right honourable the Earle of Cumberland in the yere 1586. intended for The South sea but performed no farther then the latitude of 44 degrees to the South of the Equinoctial Written by M. Iohn Sarracoll marchant in the same voyage THe 26. day of Iune in the yeere 1586. and in the 28. yeere of the Queenes maiesties raigne wee departed from Grauesend in two ships the Admirall called The red dragon and the other The barke Clifford the one of the burden of 260. tunnes with 130. men and the other of the burden of 130. tunnes with 70. men the Captaine of the Admirall was M. Robert Withrington Of the vice-admirall M. Christopher Lister both being furnished out at the costs and charges of the right honorable the Erle of Cumberland hauing for their masters two brethren the one Iohn Anthonie and the other William Anthonie The 24. of Iuly wee came into the sound of Plimmouth and being there constrained by Westerly winds to stay till the 17. of August wee then departed with another ship also for our Rear-admirall called the Roe whereof M. Hawes was Captaine and a fine pinnesse also called the Dorothie which was sir Walter Raleghs We foure being out in the sea met the 20. of August with 16. sailes of hulkes in the Sleeue who named themselues to bee men of Hamborough laden and come from Lisbone Our Admirall hailed their Admirall with courteous wordes willing him to strike his sailes and to come abord to him onely to know some newes of the countrey but hee refused to do so onely stroke his flag tooke it in The vice-admirâ—l of the hulkes being a head would neither strike flagge nor saile but passed on without budging whereupon our Admirall lenâ— him a piece of Ordinance which they repayed double so that we grew to some little quarel whereupon one of the sternemost hulkes being as I suppose more afraide then hurt stroke amaine our Admirall being neere him laid him abord and entred with certaine of his men how many I know not for that we were giuing chase to the Windermost men thinking our Admirall would haue come vp againe to vs to haue made them all to haue stroke but the weather growing to be very thicke and foggie with small raine he came not vp but kept with another of the hulkes which Captaine Hawes had borded and kept all night and tooke out of her some prouision that that they best liked They learned of the men that were in the hulke that there were 7. hulkes laden in Lisbone with Spaniards goods and because their lading was very rich they were determined to go about Ireland and so they let her goe againe like a goose with a broken wing The next day after being the 21. day wee espied 5. sailes more which lay along to the Eastwards but by reason of the night which then was neere aâ— hand wee could hardly come to them Yet at last we hailed one of the biggest of them they tolde vs that they were al of Hamborough but another saide shee was of Denmarke so that indeede they knew neither what to say nor what to do Our Admirall being more desirous to folow his course then to linger by chasing the hulks called vs from pursuing them with his trumpet and a piece of Ordinance or els wee would haue seene what they had bene and wherewith they had bene laden The 22. day because of contrary winde wee put into Dartmouth all 4. of vs and caried there seuen dayes The 29. we departed thence and put out to Sea and began our voyage thinking at the first to haue runne along the coast of Spaine to see if wee could haue mette with sâ—me good prize to haue sent home to my Lord but our Captaine thought
reserued for the English nation to possâ—sse The Spanyards prosperous in the Southerne discoueries yet vnhappy in thâ—se Northerne The French are but viuepers vpon our right The FreÌ„ch also infortunate in those North parts of America A good incouragement for the English nation to proceed in the conquests of the North of America The due time approcheth by all likelihood of calling these heathens vnto Christianity The word of God moueth circularly The planting of Gods word must be handled with reuerence Ill actions coloured by pretence of planting vpon remote lands The fiâ—st and great preparation of sir HuÌ„frey Gilbert A constant resolution of sir Humfey Gilbert A second preparation of sir Humfrey Gilbert Consultation about our course Comodities in discouering from South Northward Cause why we began our discouery froÌ„ the North. Incommodities in begining North. Beginning of the voyage Our fleet consisted of fiue sailes in which we had about 260 men Prouisions fit for such discoueries Iune 11. Iune 13. Obserue Iune 15. Iuly 20. Great fogges vpon the Ocean sea Northward Iuly 27. The banke in length vnknowen stretcheth from North into South in bredth 10. leagues in depth of water vpon it 30 fadome A great fishing vpon y e banke Abundance of foules Iuly 30. First sight of land Iland and a foule named Penguin An Iland called Baccalaos of the fish taken there Misdemeanor of them in the Swallow English ships are the strongest and Admirals of other fleetes fishing vpon the South parts of New-found land Good order taken by English marchaÌ„ts for our supply in Newfound land Good entertainment in Newfound land No Sauages in the South part of New-found land August 4. August 5. Possession taken Three Lawes Actuall possession maintained in New-found land Men appointed to makâ— search New found land is al Islands or brokeÌ„ lands Goodly roads and harbours New found land is habitable Cold by accidental meanes Commodities Fish of sea and fresh water Newfound land both minister commoditieâ— abundantly for art industrie Siluer Ore brought vnto the Generall Reasons why no further search was made for the silver mine Misdemeanor in our companie God brought togither these men into the ship ordained to perish who before had coÌ„mitted such outrage Why sir Huâ—â— Gilbert went in the Frigate Liberalitie of the Portugals August 20 S. Iohns in 47 deg 40 min. Cape Race in 46 degrees 25 minutes Fish large and plentifull Cattel in the Isle of Sablon Good soile August 27. Predictions before the wracke Losse of our Admirall Stephanus Parmenius a learned Hungarian Daniel a refiner of mettals A wonderfull scape and deliuerance A great distresse A desperate resolution Two men famished Causes inforcing vs to returne home againe August 31. A monster of the sea September 2. Our last conference with our Generall Circumstances to be well obserued in our Generall importing the Ore to be of a siluer Mine Wilfulnes in the Generall A token of a good mind A resolute and Christianlike saying in a distresse Sir Humfrey Gilbâ—rt drowned Arriuall in England of the Golden Hindâ— A fit motion of the Captain vnto sir Humâ—â—ey Gilbert An ill recompense Constancie in sir Humfrey Gilbert His temeritie and presumption Afflictions needfull in the children of God Dominus Ralegh Insula Penguâ—â— In the south side of Newe found land there is store of plaine and champion Countrey as Richard Clarke found The great heate of the sunne in summer 20. Leaguesâ— from the Isle of Sablon 15. Leagues froâ— the Isle of Sablon Herein Clarke 〈◊〉 chargethâ—â— Hâ—mâ—â—ey Gilbert The ship cast away on Châ—â—â—a◠〈◊〉 the 〈…〉 â—5â—3 Sâ—xteene gate into the ship-boate Master Hâ—dlyes vngodly propâ—sâ—â—oâ— They came on land the 7. day after theiâ— shipwracke The fruitfulnesse of the south part of Newfoundland Foureteene oâ— our men brought out of Newfound land in a ship of Sâ— Iohn de Luz Master Edward Hays Sir Humfrey Gilbert did arriue at Saint Iohns Hauen in Neâ—found land the 3. of August Anno 1583. Among these there was found the tract of a beast oâ— 7. ynches and a halfe ouer Sir Humfrey tooke possâ—ssion of the New-found land in right of the Crowne of England Three lawes estaâ—lished theâ—e by Sir â—â—â—frey Sundry pâ—rsons â—ecame Tenants to Sir Humfrey and doe mainteine possâ—ssion 〈◊〉 in diuers places â—hâ—re 〈◊〉 ‖ Englishmen Master Iohn Hawkins Sir Francis Drake M. William Winter M. Iohn Chester M. Martin Frobisher Anthony Parkhurst William â—aties Iohn Louel Dauid Iâ—gram Strangers French Iohn Kidault Iaques Carrieâ— Andrew Theueâ— Moâ—litus Goutgues Monsieur Laudonniete Italians Christopher Columbus Iohn Verâ—zarus God doeth not alwayes begin his greatest workes by the greatest persons His custome was to bowe himselfe very lowe in making of courtesie Hernando Cortes Francisco Pizarâ—o A reasonable â—equesâ— The argument of the booke The principall causes why this voyage is vndertaken The seconde kinde of planting Iosua 4. Iosua 6. Iosua 8. Iosua 9. Iudg. 11.13 Iudg. 1. A good now for al Conquerers to be mercifull Iudg. 6.7 Ruffinus lib. cap. 9. Meâ—opius slaâ—nâ— Edesius and Frumenâ—ius preserued by the Indians Frumentius in great fauour with y t Queene of the IndiaÌ„s An other great worke of God begunne by a man of meâ—nâ— birth Ruffinuâ— the Author of this storie â—usebâ—â—â— his ecclesiasticall Historie testifieth how that Conâ—tantine the great did enlarge his doâ—inions bâ— subduing of Infidels and Idolatrous nations Eusebius lib. 1. de vita Constant. cap. 4. eâ— cap. 9. Euseb. eâ—d lib. â—ap â—9 â—â—eoâ—oâ—â—â— in eccle lib. 5. cap. â—â— Theodoretus cap. 26. eodem 〈◊〉 1170. Owen Gwyneth was then Prince of Northwales Nullum â—emâ—us 〈◊〉 Regi This Islanâ— was discouered by Sir Humfrey and his company in this hâ—â— iourney Mutezuma hiâ— Oration to his subiects in presence of Hernando Cortes which Oration was made about the yeere 152â— M. Oliuer Dalbony M. Edward Reow. M.R.H. M.I.A. Cox the mâ—â—ster Clothiâ—â—s Woolmâ—n Carders Spâ—â—ters Weauersâ— Fiâ—lersâ— Sheermeâ— Diers Dâ—apeâ—â— Cappers Yaâ—â—rs c. and many decayed townes reported The idle persons of this realme shall by occasion of this iourney hee well imployed a set on worke â—empe doeth grow neere S. Laurence riuer naturally Head the beginning of the booke intituled Diuers voyages touching the discouery of America Beasts for pleasure Given 〈◊〉 for forty shillings a piece Great grapes Wine of the Palme tree Commodities found in August last 1. 〈…〉 This â—â—argeâ— cannot be vniust where both parties are gainers â— Decad lib. â— fol. 77. of the West Indies in English Canoa is a kind of boat â— Decad lib. â— fol 97. About the yere of our Lord 1511. Conquest at the West Indies fol. 43. and 45. English A marueilouâ— victorie Ceffala accounted to be the place where the noble and wise king Salomon did fetch his gold These are the furthest parts of the world from England At these Ilands hath siâ— Francis Drake bene where the same of the Queenes most excellent Maiestie was renowmed Moscouie Dutchmen Denmarke Easterlings Turkie Leuani Barbarie
right honorable William lord de Roos high treasurer of England both of them counsellers vnto the sayd soueraigne king on the one party and the right worshipfull Iohn Godeke and Henrie Moneke sent as messengers by the right reuerend and religious personage Frater Conradus de Iungingen Master generall of the Dutch knights of the Order of S. Mary on the other party it was at the request and instancie of the sayd messengers appoynted and mutually agreed vpon that all the liege people and subiects of the sayd soueraigne lord and king shall haue free licence and liberty vntill the feast of Easter next ensuing safely to trauel vnto the land of Prussia aforesayd there to remaine and thence with their ships marchandises other their goods whatsoeuer to returne vnto their owne home which on the other side all the subiects of the sayd Master general may within the terme prefixed likewise doe in the foresaid realme of England Prouided alwaies that after the time aboue limited neither the sayd marchants of the realme of England may in the land of Prussia nor the marchants of that land in the realme of England exercise any traffique at al vnles it be otherwise ordained by some composition betweene the foresaid king of England the said Master general in the meane time concluded In witnesse wherof one part of this present Indenture is to remaine in the custodie of the foresaid messengers Giuen in the Chapter-house of the Church of S. Paul at London the day and yere aboue written The letters of the chancelor and treasurer of England vnto Frater Conradus de Iungingen master generall of Prussia 1403. RIght reuerend and mighty lord your honorable messengers Iohn Godeke and Henry Moneke the bearers hereof comming of late before the presence of our most souereigne lord the king of England and of France and being welcomed by our said lord with a chearefull and fauourable countenance they presented certaine letters on your behalfe vnto the kings Maiestie with that reuerence which be seemed them expounding vnto his highnes sundry piracies molestations offered of late vpon the sea by his liege people subiects vnto yours contrary to the leagues of peace and amitie which hitherto by Gods grace haue bene maintained and continued on both parts In consideration of which piracies and molestations your messengers demanded full restitution and recompeâ—se to be made either vnto the damnified parties or vnto their procurators We therefore at that time especially being in the presence of our soueraigne who with his puissant army tooke his progresse towards the remote part of Wales being subiect vnto his dominion to see iustice executed vpon his people of those parts who very rashly haue presumed to rebell against him their souereigne contrary to their allegeance right well perceiued that it was his hignesse intention that euery one should haue due iustice faithfully administred vnto him especially your subiects and that with all fauour whom he hath alwayes in times past right graciously intreated as if they had bene his owne liege subiects and natiue countrey men whome also hee purposeth hereafter friendly to protect insomuch that betweene him and his subiects on the one party and betweene you and yours on the other party great abundance and perfection of mutuall amity may increase And therefore we offered vnto your foresayd messengers after they had particularly declared vnto vs such piracies and wrongs to sende the kings letters vnto them of whom complaint was made firmely inioyning them vnder grieuous penalties that without delay they restore or cause to bee restored vnto the parties damnified or vnto their procuratours all ships marchandises wares and goods by them taken or violently stolne from your subiects And that your said messengers may partly attaine their desire we haue commaunded certaine ships marchandises wares and goods found in certaine hauens to be deliuered vnto them Howbeit as touching other goods which are perhaps perished or wanting by infortunate dissipation or destruction and for the which the said messengers of yours demand satisfaction to be made vnto them within a certain time by vs limited may it please your honor to vnderstand that in the absence of our sayd souereigne lord the king being as yet farre distant from vs wee can in no wise limit or set downe any such terme of time Notwithstanding at the prosperous returne of our soueraigne we are determined to commune with him about this matter Of whose answere so soone as we be certified we purpose to signifie his intention vnto you by our letters Sithens also right reuerend and mighty lord your sayd messengers are contented for the present to accept of our offer aforesayde as indeede by all reason they ought thereat to rest content especially whereas by this meanes they shall the more speedily attaine vnto the effect of their purposes to the shorte and wished execution and performance of which offer we will by Gods helpe endeuour to the vtmost of our ability may it be your will and pleasure that as in the kingdome of England your marchants and subiects are courteously intreated euen so the marchants and liege people of our soueraigne lord the king and of his kingdomes peaceably frequenting your parts either in regard of traffique or of any other iust occasion may there in like manner friendly bee vsed and with your marchants and subiects suffered to communicate and to haue intercourse of traffique inioying the commodities of the ancient league By this also the feruent zeale and affection which you beare vnto the royall crowne of England shall vndoubtedly appeare albeit betweene the famous houses of England and of Prussia the bandes of vnfained loue and friendship haue bin successiuely confirmed and kept inuiolable in times past And thus right reuerend and mighty lord wishing vnto you increase of honour and prosperity wee take our leaues Written at London the fift of October in the yeare of our lord 1403 By the chancelor the treasurer and other lords of the hono counsell of the king of England and France being personally present at London The letters of king Henry the 4. vnto Conradus de Iungingen the master general of Prussia for mutual conuersation and intercourse of traffique to continue between the marchants of England and of Prussia for a certaine terme of time HEnry by the grace of God king of England France and lord of Ireland to the noble and mighty personage of sacred religion Frater Conradus de Iungingen Master generall of the Order of the Dutch knights of S. Marie c. our most deare and welbeloued friend greeting and continuall increase of our auncient and sincere amity By the grieuous complaynts of our liege subiects concerning traffique as it were circular wise too fro both our dominions we haue often bene aduertised that in regard of diuers iniuries and damages which as well our as your marchants who by their dealings in marchandise were woont peaceably to vse mutual conuersation together