return to the ancient and Apostolical simplicity a thing very easie and very practicable were not Interest and Ignorance engaged against it Not that he was so vain or so presuming as to hope to see it effected in his own days He too well understood with how many invincible Prejudices it was obstructed he therefore only designed to declare his Iudgment to the Wise and the Unprejudicate and so to leave it to Posterity and some happy Iuncture of Affairs to accomplish what he could only advise and wish for But by this plain dealing with all Parties it is not to be doubted because it always so happens in the like cases but that he must displease and disoblige all but more especially he raised the Choler and enraged the Zeal of the Geneva Faction that Waspish Sect being according to the humour and spirit of their Founder never able to bear the least Affron or Contradiction And then immediately there was no gainsaying but that he must be as arrant a Papist as Antichrist himself This cry they smels of a Spanish-Popish-Iesuitical-Arminian Plot. It is a plain Prosecution of the Cardinal of Lorrains design that allowed annual Pensions even to the Lutheran Ministers themselves to revile and preach down Mr. Calvin thereby to reduce the People to Popery That crafty Statesman knew well enough that he was the only 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to their Mystery of Iniquity and were he but once removed out of the way the Apostolical Chair would quickly be restored to its ancient Empire and Soveraignty over the Christian World And hence the Alarm is given to the People both from the Pulpit and the Press to stand upon their Guard against such dangerous and Babylonish Attempts These moderate and lukewarm men are but the Forerunners of the man of Sin and do but prepare the ways for his Entrance by removing the strongest and most stubborn Opposition against him And what though he deal as roundly and much more severely with the Church of Rome that is but a meer disguise for his present turn those hard Conditions are easily shaken off when once the Protestant cause and interest is utterly expired And therefore he and his Partizans may publish as many Books as they please against their present abuses and corruptions but the most charitable design they can be supposed to aim at is to bring in a more refined and a more cunning Popery And when this surmise is once voted and noised abroad and vouch'd by publick fame or their own vulgar Tales it is in vain to remonstrate to their rudeness and disingenuity It is not no it cannot be doubted of by any but such as are either privy or at least well-wishers to the design such indeed may pretend or counterfeit a Disbelief to cover their intentions and to escape suspicion And by this Artifice they begin first to seize upon all men in their Wits either for madmen or for parties in the Plot. And then the common people dare not but believe it in their own defence lest they should be suspected to have lost their Understanding as well as their Religion And by this rude and boiterous Confidence are they able as oft as they please to raise any disingenuous and spiteful surmise into popular Reputation and by strength of face and forehead to bear out the credit of the largest and most abusive Lyes And it is well known what strange and monstrous stories they obtruded upon the Multitude against the King the Bishops and the Church of England in defyance even to common sense and the most undenyable Experience But no man was more vehemently charged and more confidently condemned of this Attempt than this Reverend Prelate partly because he was a zealous and resolute Assertour of the publick Rites and Solemnities of the Church against all their wild and fanatick Pranks partly because he expunged some of their dear and darling Articles not only from the Christian Faith but from the Protestant Cause in that they were so far from being or pretending to be of Apostolical Antiquity that they were much younger than the Reformation it self or at best were but the Opinions of some private Doctors and were never establish'd into Articles by any publick Laws or Councils or if they were voted for Orthodox Doctrines in any meeting in Germany or Geneva they were never received for such in the Church of England and therefore ought not to be charged upon the Protestant Cause as such much less upon the English Reformation when it was never any part of its design to model new Bodies of Orthodoxy nor to exchange the old School-Doctors for Calvinian Systems and Syntagms but meerly to clear the Christian Faith of all Corruptions and innovations and reform it into its primitive and uncorrupted simplicity And if any Errours or fond Opinions should have escaped her first Observation she reserves a power in herself to review her own Decrees and either to ratifie or abolish them as they shall upon mature deliberation appear consonant to this Rule and agreeable to this design This was ever the Doctrine of the sober and intelligent men of the Church of England as well as her own declared sense They would never submit to any Authority of a later date than the four first general Councils and as for all forrain Churches of the modern stamp they were so far from being determined by them that they censured all their proceedings and rejected all their Doctrines that fell short of or went beyond their own standard of Prudence and Moderation But this was not to be endured by the fierce and fiery Calvinists to have all their Orthodox stuff cut off at one blow had they spent so much pains and gained so much reputation by their skill in Polemick Theology and must they now throw away all their Problems Subtilties and Distinctions and must all their deep and solid Learning be at last despised as a silly and impertinent piece of Duncery This certainly must needs be very grievous and somewhat provoking to great Clerks Men care not to be convinced that they have wasted so much Oyl and Sweat to no purpose And though they are not able to justifie the Follies and Errors of their Education yet being flush'd with the Glory that they have gain'd among their own party by their skill and ability in contending for their Opinion it is easie to imagine how stubbornly they will struggle in its defence rather than quit the support of their pride and self-conceitedness This Itch is so incident and delightful to humane Nature that where it is not over-ruled by an habitual Integrity and Discretion it is the most powerful not to say the only motive of all our Actions and has such a strict and undiscernable Influence upon our most serious thoughts that if well-meaning men are not very careful or very curious in observing and preventing its inward motions it will quickly prevail over their Understandings insinuate into all their designs and poyson
in the Kingdoms of Sweden and Denmark and the thing under another name of Superintendents in Germany The Confession of Saxony is subscribed by seventeen Superintendents Harm Conf. Sect. 19. p. 290. The Snevick Confession complaineth of great wrong done to their Churches as if they did seek to reduce the power of Ecclesiastical Prelates to nothing Sect. 11. p. 65. And in Chap. 33. Of the Rights of the Civil Magistrate they declare most plainly for the Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction of Bishops There cannot be a more luculent Testimony for the Lutherans approbation of Bishops than the Augustine Confession it self cap. 7. de Potest Eccles. It is not now sought that the Government be taken away from Bishops but this one thing is desired that they will suffer the Gospel to be purely taught and release some few observances which cannot be kept without sin And the Apologie for the same Confession Cap. de numero usu Sacrament This our will shall excuse us both before God and all the World that it may not be imputed to us that the Authority of Bishops was taken away by our means I need not say any thing of the Britannick Churches He knoweth well they never wanted Bishops from their first Conversion until these late Tumults wherein our Native Country was purpled with the Blood of English Subjects to take them away by force and Rebellion The next Reformation was the Zuinglian or Helvetian in Switzerland wherein as they erected no new Bishopricks so they pulled down no old ones There was a kind of necessity laid upon them to want Bishops in their own Territories because the Bishop of Constance under whose Jurisdiction they were was of another communion and lived out of their Territories But they would gladly have had him to have continued their Bishop still They made their addresses to him they courted him they besought him to joyn with them or but to tolerate them For proof of this I produce that famous Letter written by Zuinglius himself and ten others of their principal Reformers to the same Bishop of Constance recorded in the Works of Zuinglius in all humility and observance beseeching him to favour and help forward their beginnings as an excellent work and worthy of a Bishop They call him Father Renowned Prelate Bishop They implore his clemency wisdom learning that he would be the first fruits of the German Bishops to favour true Christianity springing up again They beseech him by the common Christ by one Christian Liberty by that Fatherly affection which he did owe unto them by whatsoever was divine and humane to look graciously upon them or if he would not grant their desires to connive at them so he should make his Family yet more illustrious and have the perpetual tribute of their praises so he would but shew himself a Father and grant the requests of his obedient sons They conclude God Almighty long preserve your Excellency The last Reformation of those which he approveth was that of Calvin How farr Calvin and his Party were Episcopal or Anti-Episcopal in their desires let their own testimonies bear witness First Calvin himself acknowledgeth that he subscribed the Augustine Confession formerly mentioned or the Apology for it both which are for Bishops And in his 190. Epistle to the King of Polonia he representeth Episcopal Government as fittest for Monarchies where having shewed the regiment of the Primitive Church by Patriarchs Primats Bishops in these words Indeed the ancient Church instituted Patriarchs and gave certain Primacies to particular Provinces that Bishops might remain bound one to another by this bond of Concord He proceedeth thus As if at this day one Arch-bishop should be over the illustrious Kingdom of â—olonia c. And farther there should be a Bishop in each City or Province to attend peculiarly to the preservation of Order as nature itself doth dictate to us that in every Colledge one ought to be chosen upon whom the principal care of the Colledge should rest And in his Institutions having described at large the Regiment of the Primitive Church and shewed the end of Arch-bishops and the constitution of Patriarchs he concludeth that some called this kind of Government an Hierarchy by a name improper or at least not used in the Scripture But if we pass by the name and look upon the thing itself we shall find that the ancient Bishops did go about to devise no other form of governing the Church than that which God hath prescribed in his Word lib. 4. Inst. c. 4. Sect. 4. And in his Answer to Cardinal Sadolet on the behalf of the City of Geneva as it is cited by Archbishop Bancroft for I cannot procure the first Edition at present and in the later Editions they have made a shift to purge it out Talem nobis Hierarchiam c. If they make tender of such an Hierarchie to us wherein Bishops may retain their eminence so as they refuse not to be under Christ and have their dependence upon him as their only Head and refer themselves to him and observe such a brotherly society among themselves and be bound together with no other bond but the truth then I confess that they deserve all sorts of curses or anathemas if there be any who do not observe it with reverence and the highest obedience Lay all these together If the Law of Nature which is divine Law written in our hearts by God himself and needing no other promulgation do dictate that in every Society there ought to be one upon whom the principal care of the Society should rest If the ancient Bishops devised no other form of governing the Church by Patriarchs Archbishops Bishops than that which God had prescribed in his Word If they deserve the severest curses and anathemas who shall not regard such an Hierarchy with reverence and obedience where Christ is acknowledged to be the only Head of his Church where the Pastors are freed from all Oaths and Obligations to the Bishop of Rome let him be his own Judge what they deserve who have destroyed the Church of England Before Calvin Farellus offered the Bishop of Geneva terms to retain his Bishoprick if he would give way to the Reformation Beza his Successor was not for the divine Right of Bishops in express terms by the Evangelical Law But he was for the precedencie of one Clergy man above the rest by the Law of Nature From Geneva let us pass over into France where we find Monsieur Mouline as high or higher than any of them in his third Epistle to the Bishop of Winchester I am not so brazen-faced as to give sentence against those lights of the ancient Church Ignatius Polycarpus Cyprian Augustine Chrysostom Basil the two Gregories Nissene Nazianzene Bishops as against men wrongfully created or as usurpers of an unlawful Office The venerable antiquity of those Primitive Ages shall always weigh more with me than any mans new-fangled Institution And a little after in the same Epistle I
introducing any Popish errours into England who looked upon the Church of England as the right medium of reconciliation Neither were there any genuine Sons of the Church of England who thought upon any change either in Doctrine or Discipline We may fafely take our Oaths of the truth thereof It was his own Party only his own Party who were plotting and contriving a change underhand and cried out against other mens feigned innovations to conceal their own real innovations But how doth he make it appear that Grotius had such a Party of followers in England who sought to reconcile us to the Pope If it be sufficient to accuse no man can be innocent Let him speak out distinctly we fear not his charge would they reconcile us to the Pope and Papacy as it is now established Let him not say it for shame they abhor it Or would they reduce the Pope to what he was from the beginning and so reconcile us All good Christians joyn with them in so pious an Act. If his own meaning do agree with his words he himself doth not quarrel the Pope for his just rights but for his Innovations If he mean it not it is a double shame His first Reason to prove that there was such a Party of Grotians in England who nourished such a Design is taken from Grotius his own words P. 96. Paris knows and many throughout France many in Poland and Germany not a few in England quiet persons and lovers of Peace that Grotius his labours for Peace have not displeased many moderate persons He addeth that Rivet agreed better with the Brownists than with the Bishops of England For pity sake let him shew us wherein the strength of his Argument doth lie He may as well perswade us that we see a Dragon flying in the air as that there is any design of introducing the Pope couched in these words Doth the strength of his Argument perhaps lie in this that there were lovers of Peace in England So there were all over Christendom before Grotius was born France Germany Poland all Christendom shake hands with us in this He himself professeth that he is resolved to speak for Peace whilest he hath a tongue to speak and to write for Peace whilest he hath an hand to write p. 6. Or doth the strength of his Argument lie in this that Rivet agreed better with the Brownists than with the Bishops of England Whether he did or did not whether it be true or false what doth this concern Episcopal Divines Such are his proofs against Grotius always halting on one side most commonly on both sides I am afraid this great mountain-design will prove but a ridiculous Mouse in the conclusion He asketh What if he had named Bishop Goodman and all the rabble described in the Legenda lignea which are more than Doctor Vane and Doctor Goffe and Doctor Baily and H. P. de Cressie c. p. 99. I answer First If he had named these for Episcopal Divines of the Church of England of whom he held it necessary to admonish his Readers that they might beware of them as Promoters of the Grotian design he had made himself guilty of one of the grossest and silliest calumnies that ever was For some of these were dead and all of them apostated to the Church of Rome before he gave his warning And Bishop Goodman in particular was branded by the Church of England for his inclination to Roman Errours Secondly I answer that if he had named these he had wounded his own Party more than Episcopal Divines Abate only Bishop Goodman whom I did never know and of the rest whom he nameth not one was throughly a genuine Episc pal Divine Excuse me for telling the truth plainly many who have had their education among Sectaries or Non-Conformists have apostated to Rome but few or no right Episcopal Divines Hot water freezeth the soonest He addeth That Grotius himself assures him whom he hath reason to believe that there were not a few such among the Prelatical men How not a few such as these who have apostated from the Church of England For ingenuities sake let him tell us where Grotius saith any such thing Grotius hath not one word to his purpose when it is duly examined But this it is to confute Books in less time than wise or modest men would require to read them Hitherto he is not able to shew us any tolerable reason of his warning But he sheweth us the occasion p. 82. Those that unchurch either all or most of the Protestant Churches and maintain the Roman Church and not theirs to be true do call us to a moderate jealousie of them This is farr enough from proving his bold suggestion that they have a design to introduce the Pope into England So though all he say were true yet he can conclude nothing from thence to make good his accusation or insinuation I wish he would forbear these imperfect Enthymematical forms of arguing which serve only to cover Deceit and set down both his Propositions expresly His assumption is wanting which should be this But a considerable Party of Episcopal Divines in England do Unchurch all or most of the Protestant Churches and maintain the Roman Church to be a true Church and them to be no true Churches I can assent to neither of his Propositions nor to any part of them as true sub modo as they are alledged by him First I cannot assent to his major Proposition That all those who make an ordinary personal uninterrupted succession of Pastors to be of the integrity of a true Church which is the ground of of his exception have therefore an intention or can be justly suspected thereupon to have any intention to introduce the Pope The Eastern Southern and Northern Churches are all of them for such a personal succession and yet all of them utter enemies to the Pope Secondly I cannot assent to his minor Proposition that either all or any considerable part of the Epispal Divines in England do Unchurch either all or the most part of the Protestant Churches No man is hurt but by himself They Unchurch none at all but leave them to stand or fall to their own Master They do not Unchurch the Swedish Danish Bohemian Churches and many other Churches in Poloma Hungaria and those parts of the World which have an ordinary uninterrupted succession of Pastors some by the names of Bishops others under the name of Seniors unto this day I meddle not with the Socinians They unchurch not the Lutheran Churches in Germany who both assert Episcopacie in their Confessions and have actual Superintendents in their practice and would have Bishops name and thing if it were in their power Let him not mistake himself those Churches which he is so tender of though they be better known to us by reason of their Vicinity are so far from being all or the most part of the Protestant Churches that being all put together they amount not
spake with honour of the Bishops of England I derived the Episcopal dignity from the very cradle of the Church I condemned Aerius I affirmed that St. James was Bishop of Hierusalem from whom the succession of the Bishops of that City was derived by a long row of Bishops Mr. Blondel in his needless Apology for St. Hierome made a very necessary Apology for himself and sent it to Mr. Rivet to be added as an Appendix to his Book in the Impression of it by whose neglect it was omitted And now having mentioned Doctor Rivet I shall make bold to add that he himself did intreat a Noble Earl yet living to procure him a dignity or Prebend in England as his Brother Mouline and Vossius had The Earl answered that he could not hold any such place in England without subscribing to Episcopacy and the Doctrine and Discipline of the English Church And he replied that he was most ready to subscribe to them both with his hand and heart I conclude that all Divines throughout the Christian World who maintain a necessity of Holy Orders ever were and still are Episcopal Divines except some weaker and wilful Brethren who for their Antiquity are but of Yesterday and for their Universality come much short of the very Donatists in Africk condemned by all moderate and rational persons of their own Communion And therefore Mr. Baxter might have done better to have given his pretended Designers a lower and more distinctive name than that of Episcopal Divines It will not help him at all which he saith pag. 21. It is not all Episcopal Divines which I suspected of a compliance with Grotius and Cassander no not all of the later strein c. I extended it to none of the new Episcopal Party but such as I there described His distinction of Episcopal Divines into Old and New is but a Chimera of his own brain without any ground neither doth he bring one grain of reason to make it good And by his plain Confession here it appeareth that this great design is but his own suspicion To accuse men of a design to introduce the Pope into England meerly upon suspicion is a liberty or rather license to be abhorred of all conscionable Christians Yet of the old Episcopal Divines he nameth many Bishop Jewel Pilkinson Hall Carlton Davenant Morton Abbot Usher Potter Downham Grindal Parker Hooper Farrar Cranmer Latimer Ridley and forty more Bishops here p. 103. as if so many names blended together confusedly in an heap as an hotchpotch were able like a Medusas head to transform reasonable men into stocks and stones If he had made his forty up an hundred he might have found instances enough to have made it good and sundry of them no way inferiour to any whom he nameth and superiour to many In commemorating some and pretermitting others he sheweth sometimes want of judgement always respect of persons What his description was of New Episcopal Divines I do not know having never seen any Treatise of his but this of the Grotian Religion neither should I have meddled with that if he had not brought me publickly upon the Stage neither do I much regard But howsoever he describeth them he instanceth in no man but my self either because he is not able to name any or because he thinks it easiest to leap over the hedge where it is lowest Have I not great reason to thank him for being so mindful of me in my absence As for my part I profess ingeniously before God and Man I never knew of any such design I am confident there never was any such design and I am certain that I neither had nor could have an hand in any such design either for Italian Popery or French Popery or any Popery unless he call the Doctrine and Discipline of the Primitive Church Popery unless our Holy Orders and Liturgy and Articles be Popery Other Popery he shall never be able to prove against me nor I hope against any true Episcopal Divines His design like the Phoenix is much talked of by himself but never was seen I know as little of any such distinction between Old and New Episcopal Divines All the World seeth evidently that all the material differences which we have with them are about those Holy Orders and that Liturgy and those Articles and those Rites which we received from those Old Episcopal Divines Non tellus cimbam tellurem cimâ—a reliquit We have not left our Predecessors but They have left both us and our Predecessors and the Church of England And it fareth with Mr. Baxter as it doth with new Sailers who by the deception of their sight suppose that the Land leaveth them terraeque urbesque recedunt when in truth it is they themselves that leave the Land In a word his supposed design and his pretended distinction are meer fansies which never had any being in the nature of things Where did these designers ever meet together to contrive their Plot They are never likely to do any great actions who want sinews to knit them together When or where had ever any of them any intercourse or correspondence with Rome or any that belonged to Rome by word or writing It was a sensless silly Plot to design the Introduction of the Pope into England without his own knowledge or consent upon terms never accorded never so much as treated upon Thus have we seen melancholick persons out of a strong fantasie imagine that they see Ships and Minotaures in the Clouds The proofs of such accusations as this is ought to have been clearer than the Noon-day light not ungrounded or ill grounded jealousies and suspicions of credulous and partial persons CHAP. V. This Plot was as weakly fathered upon the Bishop of Derry ANd as he erred in fathering his imaginary Plot upon Episcopal Divines in general so he made an ill choice of me the meanest of those Episcopal Divines for his only instance who have only read so much of Grotius as to enable me to judge that Mr. Baxter doth him wrong I hope unwittingly If ever I should attempt the reconciling of Controversies among Christians it must be in another way then Grotius taketh I mean more Scholastical I will confess that freely which Mr. Baxter neither doth know nor ever could know but by me that about thirty years since when my body was stronger and my wits fresher when I had some Books and Notes of mine own and could have had what supply soever I desired and opportunity to confer with whomsoever I pleased I had then a design indeed to do my weak endeavour to disabuse the Christian World by the right stating and distinguishing of Controversies between the Church of Rome and us And to shew First How many of them are meer Logomachies or contentions about words without any just ground Secondly How many of them are Scholastical subtleties whereof ordinary Christians are not capable and consequently no points of Faith Thirdly How many of them are not the
of Rome about a Primacy of order but about a Supremacy of Power I shall declare my sense in four conclusions First that St. Peter had a fixed Chair at Antioch and after that at Rome is a truth which no man who giveth any credit to the ancient Fathers and councils and Historiographers of the Church can either deny or well doubt of Secondly that St. Peter had a Primacy of order among the Apostles is the unanimous voice of the primitive Church not to be contradicted by me which the Church of England and those old Episcopal Divines whom he pretendeth to honour so much did never oppose The learned Bishop of Winchester acknowledgeth as much not only in his own name but in the name of the Church and King of England both King and Church knowing it and approving it Resp. ad Apol. Bellar. cap. 1. Neither is it questioned among us whether St. Peter had a Primacy but what that Primacy was and and whether it were such an one as the Pope doth now challenge to himself and you challenge to the Pope But the King doth not deny Peter to have been the prime and Prince of the Apostles He who should trouble himself and others to oppugn such a received innocent truth seemeth to me to have more leisure than judgement But on the other side it is as undoubtedly true and confessed by the prime Romanists themselves that St. Peter had no supremacy or superiority of power and single Jurisdiction over any other Apostle To this purpose I have laid down these four grounds in my Book of Schisme Garded pag. 27. First that each Apostle had the same power by virtue of Christs Commission Secondly that St. Peter never exercised a single Jurisdiction over the rest of the Apostles Thirdly that St. Peter had not his Commission granted to him and his Successours as any ordinary Pastor and the rest of the Apostles as Delegates for term of life Fourthly that during the History of the Acts of the Apostles the Soveraignty of Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction rested not in any single Apostle but in the Apostolical Colledge Hitherto there is no cause of controversie between him and me or between any persons of judgement and ingenuity My third assertion is that some Fathers and Schoolmen who were no sworn vassals to the Roman Bishop do affirm that this Primacy of order is fixed to the Chair of St. Peter and his Successours for ever As for instance Gerson for a Schoolman that learned Chancellour of Paris who sided with the council against the Pope and left his enmity to the innovations of the Court of Rome as an hereditary legacy to the School of Sorbone Auferibilis non est usque ad consummationem saeculi vicarius sponsus Ecclesiae The vicarial Spouse of the Church this was the language of that Age whereby he meaneth not the person of any particular Pope but the Office of the Papacy ought not to be taken away untill the end of the World And among the Fathers I instance in St. Cyprian whose publick opposition to Pope Stephen is well known who seemeth not to dissent from it In his Epistle to Antonianus he calls the See of Rome the place and Chair of Peter Ep. 52. And in his 55. Epistle to Cornelius They dare sail and carry Letters from Schismatical and profane persons to the Chair of Peter and the principal Church from whence Sacerdotal unity did spring And in his De unitate Ecclesiae Although he give equal power to all his Apostles after his Resurrection c. Yet to manifest an unity he eonstituted one Chair and by his own authority disposed the original of that unity beginning from one And a little after The Primacy is given to Peter to demonstrate one Church of Christ and one Chair Every one is free for me to take what exceptions he pleaseth to the various lections of any of these places or to interpret the words as he pleaseth Always there seemeth to be enough to me in St. Cyprian to declare his own mind without taking any advantage from any suppositious passages Whether it be a truth or an error it concerneth not me I am sure it is none of mine error if it be one who neither maintain nor grant such a Primacy of order to be due to the Chair of St. Peter and his Successours by the institution of Christ. But only dispute upon suppositions that although there were such a beginning of unity which Calvin and Beza require in all Societies by the Law of Nature And although the Bishop of Rome had such a Primacy of order either by divine right or humane right yet it would not prejudice us nor advantage them at all Neither in truth is it worth contending about or to be ballanced with the peace of the Church and of the Christian World They who undervalue the Fathers may stile their sayings untruths when they please I have weighed my grounds over seriously to stumble at a Straw My fourth and last conclusion is that supposing still but not granting that any such Primacy of order or beginning of unity about which we have no Controversie was due to the Chair of St. Peter by divine right or much rather by humane right yet this supposed Chair of St. Peter is not fixed to Rome As for divine right we have the plain consession of Bellarmine it is not to be sound either in Scripture or Tradition that the Apostolick See is so fixed to Rome that it cannot be removed Bell. de Rom. Pont. l. 4. c. 4. And for humane right there needeth no proof For whatsoever is constituted by humane right may be repealed by humane right This is my constant way everywhere I do altogether deny a supremacy of Power and Jurisdiction over us in the exteriour Court which only is in controversie between us and the Pope And whatsoever Jurisdiction he hath elsewhere I regulate by the Canons of the Fathers I suppose a Primacy of order but grant it not farther than it hath been granted by the Canons of the Catholick Church And as it was acquired by humane right so it may be taken away by humane right To confound a Primacy of order with a Supremacy of Power divine right with humane right a legislative Power with an executive Power is proper to blunderers So in his two first Exceptions I suffer two palpable injuries In the first Exception he chargeth me upon suspicion directly contrary to my assertion In the second Exception he confoundeth a Primacy and a Supremacy order and power and maketh me to fix that to the See of Rome which I maintain to be unfixed His third Exception is this That the Pope should hold to himself and his Church his last 400. years determinations and so continue as the Bishop here concludes to be no Apostolical Orthodox Catholick Church nor to have true Faith is an unlikely thing to stand with the unity and concord which he mentioneth We shall cement but sorrily with such a
tender am I of the Laws of Good Nature and Civility even towards all that have forfeited their Right in them could I ever have discovered the least appearance of Integrity either in his Writings or Actions or the least tokens of Repentance for his former Crimes or the least ground of hope for his future Reformation but when nothing appears but reprobate Hardness and Impenitence and an obstinate persisting in his old Rancour his case is desperate and when Men are past Grace they are past Mercy too And thus having done him Right and his Pamphlet Reason and prevented the Design of escaping the Disgrace of his Overthrow by sending abroad new Challenges before he had discharged himself of his old Engagements it is high time to return to the Argument upon which I was entring when he came in my way to divert me viz. To consider what likelihood or how much Danger there is of the Return of Popery into this Nation For my own part I know none but the Nonconformists boisterous and unreasonable Opposition to the Church of England for if ever that be Re-erected it must be upon the Ruines of this as long as this stands in Power and Reputation it will easily beat back and baffle all the Attempts of Rome and all its Adherents Our Reformation is Establisht upon such unblameable Grounds and Principles that all the Learning and Wit of our Adversaries was never able to fasten any Reproach or Dishonour upon the Constitution it self and next to the Puritan Cause there was never any so unequally managed as the Controversie between us and the Romanists their most plausible Reasonings are evidently no better than little Tricks and Sophisms and seem intended by themselves rather to abuse the Simple than to satisfie the Wise in so much that it is very hardly credible that those Persons who have lately appeared in the Cause can notwithstanding all their seeming Zeal and Earnestness be really in good earnest in their Pretences but 't is somewhat more wonderful that they should have the Confidence to suppose the World should be so simple as to think them so when they can boast such idle talk for Demonstration as themselves unless their Skulls are stufft with Mud and Saw-Dust cannot but know to be meer Trifling and arrant Sophistry And no wonder for every Cause must be defended as it can their Innovations are so undeniable and the Design of our Reformation so apparently Apostolical that those People must needs argue at a strangely wild rate that will be Demonstrating against Experience and Ocular Inspection and nothing could preserve them from being hiss'd out of the Pit but that they are extreamly confident and most Readers sufficiently ignorant so that the Church of England may safely defie all their Opposition she does not stand upon such trembling Foundations as to be thrust down with Bullrush-spears with sure Footings and Oral Traditions with Labyrinths and Castles in the Air. If there be any danger from them it lies more remote and out of view and if ever they get any Ground or Advantage of us they will be bound to make their Acknowledgments to the Puritans and the strength of their Assistance Not that these are a whit more considerable and dead-doing Enemy than the other they are Triflers beyond contempt and when they have in their mighty Zeal done their poor utmost and spent all their Ammunition a Man must be very splenetick that can refrain from laughing at the folly and the childishness of their Attempts No their strength lies in other Weapons and their danger arises from other Interests their Faction may be made use of as Instruments to dissolve and unravel the establish'd frame of things but they can never be able to set up any of their own Models and crazy Fancies in lieu of it they are too humorous and extravagant ever to be reduced to practice a little Experience quickly brought them all into the scorn and contempt of the common People and it would be a pleasant speciacle to see either the Classical or the Congregational Discipline Establish'd by Authothority But alas they are only excellent at their old Destruction-Work and beside that their Conceits are too freakish to be ever setled upon any lasting bottom they will always be supplanting each other by their mutual Squabbles and Animosities so that though they can never compass their own giddy Designs yet by their perpetual and restless Opposition to the Church they may possibly be the occasion of its utter Ruine and Dissolution and by that Change may probably make way for the Introduction of Popery And this is most likely to be effected by these Means and upon these Accounts I. By creating Disorders and Disturbances in the State For the present Fanaticks are so little Friends to the present Government that their Enmity to that is one of the main Grounds of their Quarrel to the Church They are generally fermented with a Republican Leven and are faln out with Monarchy it self as one of the greatest Instruments and Supports of Antichrist and no Liberty with them either of the Subject oâ— of Conscience but in a Commonwealth and that is a mighty piece of their Zeal and their Project to reform the Government of Church and State to the Platform of the Low-Countries T is the Good Old Cause that is the strongest Band and Endearment of the present Schism and the greatest Agents in and for Conventicles are Officers and Chaplains of the old Army And the warmest and most zealous of them such as have given the World no great ground to suspect either from their profess'd Principles or open Practices that they have the least Concern or Tenderness for Religion But this is the only plausible Device that is left them to rally and randevouz the People of God into a Body by themselves and distinct from the rest of the Nation and so keep up a Party always ready and prepared for their Purposes that if ever they may gain any hopes or advantages of recovering the Kings Power or the Bishops Lands for confident Men despair of nothing they may play the holy Brotherhood upon Demands and Attempts either of the old or some other new thorough-godly Reformation and enrage their Fiery Spirits against the Abominations and Idolatries of the Whore and Antichrist Though the danger here is not very formidable because Fanaticism it self is so much worn into Contempt unless among the meer Rabble that 't is never likely to gather strength enough to grapple with the Royal Power but yet whatsoever Power it has if it have any lies in the Old Army and the Old Cause And if we observe the true Patriots of the Godly Party in every County we shall find them generally such Persons as were never much concerned to give his Majesty any great assurance of their Loyalty and Allegiance and there are very few if any of any considerable Interest or Estate among them that was not raised by Plunder and Sequestration so
be able to expose them to popular Scorn and Infamy for 't is manifest that their Principles will never much take in the World in that the generality of Men are not to be work't off from their natural sense of Religion that ever did and ever will keep the strongest Party in spite of all Opposition and whoever attempts against it must of necessity be run down with Reproach and Disgrace and that transports them beyond all bounds to be thus contemptuously kept under by ignorant and ill-bred Fops and it becomes the great exercise of their Wit and their Drink to entertain the Company with pleasant Stories of Priests and Black-coats This humour has prevail'd so far in our Age beyond what it could ever arrive to in former times that it is become in some degree Gentile and fashionable every Man now has Wit and Pride enough to despise a Parson and he is no Vertuoso that does not in his common and Table-talk call and prove them Cheats and Impostors and some Persons that one would think should have more Breeding or more Sobriety affect the extravagance out of meer wantonness and others that are no declared Enemies to the Cause of Religion are yet well enough content for other reasons to have its Officers kept low and despicable but for some reason or other they meet with disrespect enough on all hands And now though this ill usage signifies very little to those against whom it is intended because it falls upon an Order of Men that are above its regard and resentment in that the Clergy of the Church of England know themselves far enough from being obnoxious to any contempt but what Sacriledge has made unavoidable and though we take them under all the Disadvantages that Plunder and Robbery and Reformation as some Men have managed it has brought upon them they are at this very time vastly the farthest off from being justly contemptible to mention no other Order or Profession of Men of any Clergy in the World the preheminence is so evident that it clears the comparison from all possible suspicion of its being either proud or odious But though this unkindness be able to do them so little harm yet it falls very heavy in its mischievous Consequences upon the Publick For all wise States have hitherto always given the deepest respect to the Presidents of the sacred Rites and setled the greatest Priviledges and Immunities upon the Church as well for Reasons of State as for the Ends of Devotion In that no Government can support it self without the Assistance of Religion and the Assistance of Religion is ever proportioned to the Power and Interest of the Clergy its Esteem as it is in all other Arts Sciences and Professions depends upon the Reputation of those whose Office it is to dispense its Mysteries and Publick Solemnities they have always and every where found the same Fate and the same Entertainment so that to make the Priestly Order any way contemptible is to enervate the force of Religion upon the Consciences of Subjects and thereby to destroy the greatest Strength and most lasting Security of the Civil Government So interwoven are the Cause of God and the Prince and the Priest that no Man can be an Enemy to one without proclaiming Hostility to all Is not this wise work then and fit to be endured in a Christian-Commonwealth for the witty People to be so much concerned to make the Profession of the Clergy vile and despicable especially when this whole Design is at last founded upon no milder Supposition than that Iesus Christ himself is the great and leading Impostor for if he were seriously vested with any Authority from Heaven their Commission from him is too evident to be called into question so that if the Power they claim by vertue of his Grant be forged and insignificant Usurpation it is only because be abused the World with Tales and false Pretences to a Divine Authority i. e. only because he was the lewdest and most prostigate Impostor that ever appeared amongst Mankind And this no doubt is a notable piece both of Policy and Good-manners to be own'd yes or endured in a Christian-Commonwealth But yet however passing by this horrid Blaspemy against our Blessed Saviour and if our Religion were nothing else but as all Religion is lately defined the Belief of Tales publickly allowed and the Priesthood only a Succession of Cheats and Iuglers yet after all this they are and must be allowed necessary Instruments in the State to awe the common People into fear and Obedience because nothing else can so effectually enslave them as the dread of invisible Powers and the dismal Apprehensions of the World to come and for this very reason though there were no other it is fit they should be allowed the same Honour and Respect as would be acknowledged their due if they were sincere and honest Men because unless that be supposed they can never bring that assistance that is absolutely necessary to the support of Government and the preservation of Society But so far are they from being allowed that Respect and Reputation that is necessary to the usefulness of their Function that they are even Out-lawed from the common Rights of Iustice and Humanity One would wonder how People should so combine in such an inhumane and imprudent baseness but that the reason is so very plain and obvious The old Probity and Integrity of our Nation is fled and gone and what remains of it has taken Sanctuary in the Church and its Friends that are assaulted by a Fanatick Rage on one hand and a base-natured Atheism on the other and then no wonder if they are treated accordingly when they are faln into the hands of such Salvages and Cannibals And in truth when I consider the temper of both these sorts of Men that the one hates Peace and the other hates Mankind and withal some present and some probable Circumstances of things it were easie to represent to view a black and gloomy prospect of things but it is to no purpose to affright our selves with distant Miseries and it is better to leave the care of future Events to the Wisdom of Providence sufficient to the day is the evil thereof only let me desire thee Reader to consider whether that Nation be according to Humane Accounts likely to continue long in a firm and setled Condition of Peace a great part of whose Inhabitants are tainted with such malignant Principles as make them to delight in Mischief and Confusion Atheism and Enthusiasm are apart and by themselves the most desperate and dangerous causes of Misery and Calamity to Mankind but when they combine Interests and join Forces against a common Enemy what Government can withstand their Fury in that there is no Wickedness that is necessary to the carrying on the Cause that one of them will not undertake and be able to go through with They are provided with all sorts of Pretences and prepared for all kinds of
only terms of peace and concord let us see what exceptions Mr. Baxter is able to bring against them CHAP. VI. Mr. Baxters exceptions answered HE saith he cannot consent that these which I grant should be made the terms of union pag. 25. What then Suppose I did name improper terms of pacification not only in Mr. Baxters judgement which I ought not altogether to depend upon but in very deed Is there no remedy but I must needs be the Popes Stalking Horse presently and have a design to reconcile England to him This is over severe My design is rather to reconcile the Pope and his party to the Church of England than the Church of England to the Pope He may make use of my way if it like him Much good may it do him If not he ought to thank me for my good will and propose a better expedient himself if he can But I must tell him before hand that if it be a general one like those which he hath hitherto proposed it will signify nothing Observe Reader how he is every way mistaken I make demands and he calls them grants or concessions I propose some terms as preparatory to a treaty and he calls them terms of peace He saith he cannot consent to these terms and yet he hath consented to them already that if they would reform what the Bishop requires them to reform it will undoubtely make way for nearer concord To make them adaequate terms or conclusive Articles of Peace was never any part of my meaning All the exceptions which he bringeth against my way are taken out of my answer to Monsieur Militier I have seen some silly exceptions against it from a Jesuit and have answered them but he is the first Protestant that I have met with who doth disapprove it If the efficacy or influence of it upon him be different from what it is upon others I cannot help it Books have their success according to the prejudice or qualifications of their Readers On this side the seas it hath been more happy to confirm many to convert some and particularly the Transcriber of the Copy which was brought to the Press who was then one of their Proselytes to irritate no Man but the common Adversaries who vented their splene against it weekly in their Pulpits as thinking that the easiest way of confutation Thus one sucks honey and another poison out of the same flower He pretendeth that the old Episcopal Divines are of his partie some of them have approved it and thanked me for it If they be not of his party I hope he will not suspect them at Geneva as Factors for Popery They have allowed it and translated it into French and Printed it without any fear of introducing Popery into their City by it God forbid that we should esteem the practice of the Primitive times to be Popish They who admit that for a conclusion need not wonder if the more rational persons turn Apostates But it has ever been the trade of this proud and envious race of men to fasten an hated name upon every thing they understand not And it is to be feared this great Divine may in time write a Book to prove Greek the Language of the Beast and he may as reasonably do it as charge me with Popery only because I pretend to more knowledge in Antiquity than he knows himself to be guilty of His first particular Exception is this If when he excludeth Universality of Iurisdiction by Christs institution he intend to grant them which yet I know not an Universality of Iurisdiction by humane institution as agreement then it would be but to set up an humane Popery instead of a pretended Divine But this I charge not on him as his judgement though some will think it intimated p. 25. If he do not charge it on me then why doth he publish his own or other mens thoughts in Print to my disadvantage I know not how to acquit the Printing of groundless jealousies and suspicions of innocent Persons from downright calumny Especially suspicions of such things which the Persons suspected had publickly disclaimed in Print long before any such suspicion was broached These are my very words in my replication to the Bishop of Chalcedon p. 249. It were a hard condition to put me to prove against my conscience that the Universal Regency of the Pope is of humane right who do absolutely deny both his Divine right and humane right And in my Schisme garded p. 15 I have made it evident that the Popes Authority which he did sometime exercise in England before the Reformation when they permitted him and which he would have exercised always de futuro if he could have had his own will was a meer usurpation and innovation If I deny both the Popes divine right and humane right to Soveraign Jurisdiction and regulate his powers by the Canons of the Church If I make the Papacy a meer usurpation and innovation he hath no need to fear my setting up of an humane Popery But I have just cause to require reparation of him So his first exception is a false groundless suspicion But doth he make no difference indeed between a Divine Papacy and an Humane Papacy So it seemeth by his words If the Pope do hold a Soveraign power in the Church by divine institution then whatsoever he doth though he draw millions of Souls to Hell after him yet it is not in the power of a general council to call him to an account or to depose him or to reform him But if his right be only humane all this may justly be done and hath been done If he have a Soveraignty by divine right he may give his non obstantes to the Canons of the Fathers at his pleasure then all power in the Church is derived from him But if he hold the Papacy not from Heaven but from men then other Bishops do not derive their power from him singlely but he from them jointly then he is stinted and limitted by their Canons and cannot dispense with them further than the Church is pleased to confer a dispensative power upon him within the bounds of his own Patriarchate Against divine right there is no prescription but against humane right men may lawfully challenge their ancient liberties and immunities by prescription A Papacy by divine right is unchangeable but a Papacy by humane right is alterable both for person and place and power So an humane Papacy if it grow burthensom is remediable But a pretended divine Papacy when and where and whilst it is acknowledged is irremediable So much a pretended divine Papacy is worse than an humane His second exception follows But that St. Peter hath a certain fixed Chair to which a primacy of order is annexed and an headship of unity is not a truth and therefore not a principle necessary to heal the Church Whether it be a truth or no is not much material We have no Controversie with the Church