their Petition to him Asserted That the King by taking notice of a Bill while in Debate in the House of Lords had broken the Fundamental Priviledge of Parliament which he ought not to do concerning any Bill till it be presented to him in due course of Parliament and desired Reparation They then desired that an Army of Scots should be sent thither and that they should have the keeping of the Town and Castle of Carick-fergus but the King said that he doubted this might be to the Damage of England The Scots Commissioners replyed That they were sorry his Majesty being their Native King should repose less Trust in them than their Naighbouring Nation had freely done So that at length this was granted It was thought to be the most Feasible way for Reducing Ireland that proportions of Land there should be shared among English Adventurers proportional to those Sums of Money they should Subscribe that so whosoever in Person or Purse should assist in Conquering the Bloody Rebels might be Recompensed if the Work were done and Propositions were framed in Parliament to that purpose which the King confirmed Though at first he laught at them and was heard to say That they were like to him who Sold the Bears Skin before the Bear was killed At length an Act was passed for impowring the Parliament to carry on that War till Ireland should be declared wholy Subdued and that no Peace nor Cessation of Arms should ever be made with the Rebels without consent of both Houses of Parliament The King then offered to go in Person thither but the Parliament thought it not fit to hazard his Person in such an Expedition The Queen about February went to Holland carrying with her most of the Crown Jewels which she had pledged for Money and Arms for the King her Husband and for which she was afterwards voted a Traytor by the Parliament the King having taken leave of her at Dover went with the Prince and Duke of York to Theobalds and from thence to Newmarket where both Houses Presented him a Declaration sent by two Lords in which they Repeat the old Grievances the War of Scotland the Rebellion in Ireland his entring the House of Commons his causless fear of Residing near London to the perplexing of the Kingdom the hindring the Relief of Ireland and incouraging the ill affected Party in the Kingdom To which the King answered with great Indignation extenuating some things and excusing others accusing them for raising needless Fears and Jealousies After which the King passed farther North to York upon which the Parliament voted That the Kings Absence so far Remote from his Parliament is not only an Obstruction but may be a Destruction to the Affairs of Ireland That when the Lords and Commons in Parliament shall declare what the Law of the Land is to have this not only questioned and controverted but contradicted and a command that it should not be obeyed is an High Breach of the Priviledge of Parliament That they which advise the K. to absent himself from his Parliament are Enemies to the Peace of this Kingdom and justly to be suspected as Favourers of the Rebellion in Ireland From York the King sent a Message to the Parliament April 8. 1642. That he would go in Person over to Ireland against those Bloody Rebels and intended to raise a Guard for his Person in Cheshire to carry thither of 2000 Foot and 100 Horse whom he would Arm from his Magazine of Hull But the Parliament having Intimation that the K. designed to Seise that Magazine to Arm himself against them sent Sir John Hotham thither who refused to admit him Entrance upon which the K. Proclaimed him Traytor and complained to the Parliament of the Affront who endeavoured to appease him but justified Hothams Act and declared that the Proclaiming him Traytor without process of Law was against the Liberty of the Subject and Laws of the Land The King daily Summoned the Gentry of the Northern Counties to attend him all York as a Guard for his Person which he declared was in danger from the Parliament who thereupon declared That it appears that the King Seduced by wicked Counsel intends to make a War against the Parliament who in all their Consultations and Actions have proposed no other end to themselves but the Care of his Kingdoms and the performance of all Duty and Loyalty to his Person That whensoever the King maketh War upon the Parliament it is a breach of the Trust Reposed in him by his People contrary to his Oath and tending to the Dissolution of the Government That whosoever shall Serve and Assist him in such Wars are Traytors by the Fundamental Laws of this Kingdom and have been so adjudged by two Acts of Parliament 11 Rich. II. and 1 Henry IV. and that such Persons ought to suffer as Traytors the King Justified himself in his Declarations and Proclamations against the Parliament which daily encountred each other So that all things tended to an absolute Rupture and presaged the Calamities of the Civil War which soon after followed For both sides flying to Arms and the Nation being divided into Parties several bloody Battels were fought and the whole Kingdom was in a Flame In 1643. The Parliament of England invited the Scots to come in to their Assistance with an Army of 21000. Horse and Foot ingaging to pay them an Hundred Thousand pound towards the Charge of Raising them On the other side the King to withdraw the Protestant Army out of Ireland for Aiding him against the Scots concluded a Cessation of Arms for a year with those Rebels and 3000 of the English Army were Imbarqued from thence to joyn with the King This Cessation was much complained of by the Parliament since it was not only for the benefit of the Irish Rebels who gave him 3000 l. for the Favour but also directly contrary to the Act which the King hath lately Signed That no Cessation should be made without the consent of both Houses Thus was Assistance brought to either side and that English Army which for almost a year had fought Valiantly and Victoriously against those Rebels was now brought over to fight against the Parliament of England The War still continued with much Vigor and great Slaughter was made throughout the Kingdom yet in the midst thereof some Glimmerings of Peace began to appear for in 1644. Conditions were proposed both by the King and Parliament and a Treaty began at Uxbridge between Commissioners from both Parties during which the care of the War was not neglected on either side the King endeavouring to bring over some Forces from the Duke of Lorrain and some Irish to his Assistance and by his Letters to the Lord Lieutenant to make a Peace with the Rebels or at least to continue the Cessation for a year and to promise and grant them the free Exercise of the Romish Religion assuring them that if by their Assistance he could but finish his War in
Chief Justice Nugent Lord Chief Baron Rice and Neagle drew up the Form of an Act which in the nature of it gave the whole Lands of Ireland into the Hands of the King and though the Catholicks were to have but half their Estates yet the other part was under such qualifications as the King might dispose of them to those who were most Obedient and Useful to him This was brought over by these 3 who were called the Irish Ambassadors and at length approved of by Father Peters and presented to the King with strong Assurances that if he would but call a Parliament there they could have whom they pleased elected all Corporations being already put into Popish hands and all the Sheriffs of Counties Papists who would be sure to make returns as they thought fit King James who was become a Vassal to the French King durst not refuse their Proposals for fear of disobliging him and having as he constantly did debated it in the Cabinet Councel it was resolved to be brought into the Privy Council which the King did accordingly and being read the Lord Bellasis passionately inveighed against it saying That if such Designs as these were incouraged the Catholicks of England had best in time look out for another Country and not stay to be a mad Sacrifice for Irish Rebels others seconded it and none durst offer any thing in behalf of it afterwards the 3 Irish Ambassadors had Audience at the Council where Rice spoke in the behalf of the rest but the Lords Bellasis and Pours called him Fool and Knave even in the Kings presence Bellasis bidding them make hast to the Fool their Master and bid him next Message he sent to imploy Wiser Men and upon a more honest Errand and every one fell so violently upon them that they kissed the Kings Hand and departed he himself not speaking a word but instantly breaking up the Council And the noise of their Business being known abroad the Boys in the Streets run after the Coach where Rice and Nugent at any time were with Potatoes stuck in sticks crying out make way for the Irish Ambassadors In 1688. The Joyful News of the Birth of the supposed Prince of Wales arrived there about the same time with that of the Imprisoning the Bishopâ— in the Tower which filled them with such exaltations that they could hardly bear it Glorying They had now a Prince who would become a Patron to Holy Church and perpetuate the Catholick Religion to all Posterity by the utter extirpation of Heresie It is remarkable that as soon as ever it was publickly declared the Queen was with Child the Irish throughout the Nation were so confident that it would be a Son that they offered to lay 20 Guinies to one of it which the English were very sensible they would never have ventured had they not been acquainted with the Mystery of it And now they express their Rejoycing with Bonfires Bagpipes Drinking and Revelling for several Nights together forcing the English to come out of their Beds and to drink the King and Princes good Health with Confusion to their Enemies upon their Knees which they well understood were the Protestants and such as would not comply were called Fanatick Oliverian Dogs and they hardly refrain'd from Murthering them and the Officers of Christ-Church were committed to the Stocks because Tyrconnel fancyed that the Bells did not Ring merrily enough on that occasion But the Scripture says The Joy of the Wicked is short and so theirs proved for a while after a Ship came from Amsterdam to Dublin with Letters from a Friend of Tyrconnels to acquaint him that he did imagine the Prince of Orange had a Design against England since none in Holland could guess what else the great and hasty preparations made there should mean Tyrconnel sent this Letter to the Secretary of State who shewed it the King but they made no other use of it than to Scorn and Redicule his Intelligence as the Secretary did in a Letter sent back to him But fresh Suspicions daily arose and the matter seemed still more probable whereupon the huffing Irish called the English Rebels saying they were sure they would joyn with the Prince and as certain that they would be beaten and be served the same sauce as Monmoth was and Bloodily and Maliciously exprest themselves against the Prince whose Head they threatned to stick on a Pole and carry it round the Kingdom and after K. James Proclamation came to them L. C. Justice Nugent that Confident Ignorant Irishman in his Charge to the Jury among other Vilifying Reproaches upon the P. of Orange Audaciously and Impudently added that now the States of Holland were weary of their Prince they had sent him over to be drest as Monmouth was but that was too good for him and that he doubted not before a Month passed to hear that they were hung up all over England in Bunches like Ropes of Onions At this time of his present Majesties Descent into England the Popish Army in Ireland were about 8000 whereof near half were sent into England to assist K. James and the other were dispersed up and down the Kingdom being but an handful in comparison of the Protestants who had Arms enough in Dublin alone to have Mastered them and it was proposed by some when they heard the King had sent Commissioners to Treat with his Highness the Prince of Orange to Seize the Castle of Dublin with the Stores and Ammunition which had been very Feasible by securing Tyrconnel who had only 600 Men to guard him and they by the continual Expresses from England of the wonderful Progress of the Princes Forces were so generally Discouraged that they declared themselves desirous to lay down their Arms proposing to themselves only to remain in the same condition they were in K. Charles II. time and Tyrconnel himself commanded the Protestants to signifie the same to their Friends in England that he was willing to part with the Sword upon those Terms with K. James his leave For though he received the first News of the Princes Landing with the greatest Disdain and Contempt Boasting that he was able to raise an Army of an Hundred Thousand Men on a Months notice and gave Commissions to every one that would accept of them yet the additional Accounts of his Highnesses daily Success raised such a Consternation in him that by all his Actions it did sufficiently appear he had no thoughts of standing out and all his Discourses expressed his Disordered and ill Apprehension of the present Tendency of Affairs which was much increased by the dreadful Alarm that the Protestants had from a Letter sent to the Earl of Mount Alexander giving him an account of an Horrible Massacre designed upon the Protestants on December 9. being Sunday the Letter came to Dublin the Friday before and the News thereof so Terrified the Protestants that the next Day above 3000 got away into the Ships that were in the Harbor at that time
to rouse them out to weed them not to rake them over not to tread them down but utterly to root them up this lesson the Tyrant himself taught me for demanding once of him by way of Parable how Land might be freed from certain ravenous Fowls that annoyed it he advised us to watch where they bred and fire their Nests about their Ears let us go then and fall upon these Cormorants which shrowd themselves in our possessions and let us destroy them that neither nest nor root neither seed nor stalk neither branch nor stump remain of this cursed and ungracious Generation He had scarce ended his Oration when the People with shouts of Joy extolled him as the Defender of their Lives and Liberties assuring him of their utmost assistance and so joining their Forces they with a running Camp in a very short time cleared every corner of the 〈◊〉 of the Norwegians razing their Castles to 〈…〉 killing all that resisted and banishing 〈…〉 whereby every Prince again recovered his own Government The Histories of Denmark relate that some time before this Fridlenus King of the Danes arriving in Ireland besieged Dublin but perceiving it hard to take by reason of the strength of the Walls he contrived to catch a number of Swallows who had their Nests in the Houses within the City and tying Wildfire to their feet they flying home set the Houses on Fire which whilst the Citizens endeavoured to quench they entred the City after which Gonno the third King of Denmark though a Pagan Married Thyra Daughter to the Christian King Etheldred of Brittain by whom he had two Sons Canute and Harold who first invaded England and then Ireland where at the Siege of Dublin Canute was slain who for his Valour was so extreamly beloved by his Father that he vowed to kill him with his own hands who should bring him Tydings of his Death Gonno was now very old and blind pleasing himself in nothing more than hearing of the Victories of his Sons when therefore Q. Thyra had notice of her Sons Death which neither she nor any other durst discover to him she contrived to clothe her Husband all in Mourning and prepared all other things usual at a Funeral and then used many lamentable expressions of grief for the loss of some Friend which Gonno perceiving wo is me said he you then fignifie the Death of my Son Canute whereunto she answered that he himself and not she had now discovered the Truth whereupon for grief thereof he instantly gave up the Ghost We find little material in the Irish Chronicles from this time till the Conquest thereof by King Henry the Second which how it was occasioned I shall now relate In the year 1167. Dermot Macmur King of Leinster possessed all the East parts of the Isle along the Seacoasts using great cruelty toward the Lords and Gentry it happened that Morrice King of Meath going far into the Country Dermot in the mean time stole away his Queen by her consent which Morrice upon his return resolving to revenge represented it to Roderick O Conor King of Connaught and Monarch of all Ireland beseeching his assistance against the vile Adulterer the People of Leinster detesting both Dermot and his quarrel for his former Tyrannies universally forlook him so that he was forced to fly to King Henry the Second for succour who was then imployed in his Wars in France Henry had before cast an eye upon Ireland because they always assisted the French with men and Adrian an Englishman being now Pope he obtained his consent for the Conquest thereof upon condition of reducing the Inhabitants to Christianity who were almost turn'd barbarous at this very time Dermot offered him his service of which he was very joyful but having Wars with France he had not opportunity to go with him and therefore taking an Oath of Fidelity and Obedience from him he took him into his Protection and for his more speedy assistance sent him into England honourably attended with Letters Patents to this effect ' Henry King of England Duke of Normandy and Aquitain and Earl of Anjou to all our Faithful Subjects Englishmen Normans Welchmen and Scots and to all other Nations whatsoever subject to our Dominion fendeth Greeting When these Letters shall come to your hands know ye that we have received Dermot Prince of Leinster into the bosom of our Grace and Benevolence wherefore whosoever of our loving Subjects within our Dominions will aid assist and restore him as our Leige-man and Faithful Subject be you assured that you have not only our license but shall receive our favour and thanks for the same with these Letters he arrived at Bristow where he agreed with Richard Strongbow Earl of Pembroke to give him his only Daughter in Marriage for which the Earl was the next Spring to settle him in his Kingdom which was to descend to him in right of his Wife after Dermots decease in the mean time Robert Fitz Stephens and Maurice Fitz-Gerald his Brother Gentlemen of Wales promised Dermot that if he would assure them an Estate in the Town of Wexford for ever they would assist him to begin the recovery of his Country while the Earl of Pembroke was providing stronger Forces and accordingly Dermot going over privately before they with Thirty Knights Sixty Esquires and Three Hundred Archers landed in Ireland being the first Englishmen that ever came thither and marching toward Wexford Dormet met with them with five Hundred Men and joining their Forces they soon took the Town of Wexford which was freely given to Fitz Stephens according to their Covenant and their Army daily increasing they prevailed so much that Roderick the Monarch assembled all the Petty Kings to defend their Country at length an Agreement was made whereby Dermot was restored to his former Estate and more Forces arriving from England Dermot incouraged thereby resolved to be revenged of those of Dublin who had been great Enemies to him and his Father and marching thither they soon submitted themselves to him Now arrived the Earl of Pembroke with a considerable aid wherewith he made such notable Conquests that King Henry growing jealous of his greatness sent an Edict to recal all the English out of Ireland but the troubles raised by Thomas Becket Arch-bishop of Canterbury hindred the Prosecution thereof Pembroke was then in Dublin where he was closely besieged by the Irish under Roderick Dermot dying some time before and was at last reduced to such extremity that they resolved to Sally forth and dye like men rather than starve and so issuing out with not above two or three hundred men they valiantly assaulted their Enemies Camp consisting of near Thirty Thousand with so much resolution that with great slaughter of them they obtained a Glorious Victory chasing their Enemies till night came on and then returning Triumphantly with abundance of Provisions and Rich Spoil into the City Roderick himself hardly escaping with his Life after which the Earl of
afforded none at all for a long time though the Fryars in their white Habits went in Solemn Procession and threw Holy Water therein It would be almost endless to give a particular account of all the Detestable Cruelties and Murders acted by these incarnate Devils upon the Innocent English of whom they destroyed near three Hundred Thousand in a few Months being chiefly Animated thereto by their Villainous Priests upon the account of their Religion and therefore they often declared their Despight to the Bible as being directly contrary to their Cursed Principles and Practices In one place they burnt two English Bibles saying It was Hell Fire they burnt They laid another in a puddle of Water and then stamping on it said a Plague on it This Bible hath bred all the quarrel A Rebel perswaded a Man and his Wife to joyn with them in the Massacre who protested that rather than they would forsake their Religion they would dye upon the Sword 's point he would then have had the Woman burn her Bible but she refused saying she would rather dye than do it Whereupon they were both cruelly Murthered they Murthered Mr. Bingham a Famous Minister and cutting off his Head put a Gag in his Mouth and laying the leaf of a Bible before him bid him Preach saying his Mouth was open and wide enough During these horrid Barbarities there were several Indications of Divine Displeasure apparent in divers places the truth of which was sworn to and affirmed by Witnesses of Credit and Reputation As in the Province of Munster near the Silver Works where while the Rebels were Massacring a great number of Protestant Men Women and Children on the Lords Day Afternoon a most Loud and Dreadful Noise and Storm of Thunder Lightning Wind Hailstones and Rain happened though it was fair all the Day before which much affrighted the Murtherers themselves who confess it to be a sign of Gods Anger against them for their Bloody Cruelty At Portnedown Bridge where so many thousand Protestants were drowned the remaining Inhabitants were so Terrified with the noise of Spirits and Visions for Revenge that they durst not continue thereabout and some of the Rebels themselves said to others that the Blood of some of those that were knockt on the Head and afterward drowned in this River remained on the Bridge and could not be washt away There appeared sometimes Men sometimes Women Breast high in the River with Hands lifted up crying out with fearful Schreicks and Voices Revenge Revenge Revenge and it was not long ere Divine Justice overtook them Many thousands of the most Notorious Murtherers who perished by the Sword and Plague that followed it so that it was computed that in a few years scarce any of these Miscreants remained alive but were sent to their own place to give an account of their Tremendous Brutalities The King having made a Truce with the Scots who were entred with an Army into England to demand the Redress of their Grievances and the Forces on both sides being Disbanded he made a Journey into Scotland in the beginning of August 1641. and continued there till the latter end of October when this Horrid Rebellion happened Owen O Covally the first Discoverer of the Plot brought the first Letters to London and received as a Reward 500 l. in Money and an Annuity of 200 l. a year and presently the Parliament provided for the Relief of Ireland and the Lords of the Council and the Lords Justices there had with the Arms that were in Dublin Armed many well-affected Gentlemen and several Active Commanders were sent out of the City to defend the adjoyning Places from the Approach of the Rebels at which time the Parliament sent over Twenty Thousand Pounds for a present supply but could not relieve them with any Forces till December following when Sir Simon Harcourt Arrived with Seasonable Supplies of men and money and Raised the Seige of Drogheda which had been much straitned by Sir Phelim O Neal and the Rebels and the English recovered Dundalk Neury and several other Towns and Castles out of their Hands But though the Rebellion brake out in October 23. Yet the King who was now returned from Scotland did not proclaim them Rebels till Jan. 1. following and then gave strict Command that only 40 Proclamations should be printed and that none of them should be Published without the Kings Express Order which the Parliament among other things afterwards Taxed him with Who Replyed thereto That he was unwilling to make the Irish Desperate and utterly undoe his Protestant Subjects who were then too weak to withstand so Potent a Rebellion and that the Lords Justices of Ireland required only 20 as many of themselves well knew Yet this proceeding unhappily increased the Jealousies that began to arise between the King and his English Parliament because it was publickly discourst that it had not been done at all but that some Worthy Protestant Lords had earnestly advised him to proclaim them speedily that a better course might be taken against them and to wash off that foul Stain from himself by prosecuting severely those wicked Villains who reported every where That they had Authority from the King to Seise upon the Holds of the English Protestants that they were the Queens Souldiers and rise to maintain the Kings Prerogative against the Puritan Parliament of England That they told the poor Protestants it was for no purpose to fly for safety into England for that Kingdom would be as much distrest as theirs and that the King intended to forsake his Parliament in England and make War against them and that then they would come over having done their their Work in Ireland and help the King against his English Parliament The Lords therefore advised him by all means to purge himself of these Accusations than which there could not be greater on Earth Soon after the Earl of Leicester was made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland the Earl of Strafford being Beheaded some time before at Tower Hill But the Relief of that Bleeding Kingdom was much obstructed by the wide Breaches which daily happened between the King and the Parliament particularly upon his going Jan. 4. Attended with 300 Armed Gentlemen into the H. of Commons and Demanding 5 Members to be delivered him which the Parliament declared to be An High Breach of their Priviledges a great Scandal to the King and his Government a Seditious Act manifestly tending to the Subversion of the Peace and an Injury and Dishonour to the said Members there being no Legal charge or accusation against them and that there could be no Vindication of those Priviledges unless his Majesty would discover the Names of those who advised him to such unlawful Courses After this the Parliament considered of a Bill for Pressing Souldiers to be sent out of Scotland to Ireland as being near but the King excepted against it while it lay in the House of Lords as a Diminution to his Prerogative Whereupon the Parliament in
were so Elevated with the Hopes of shaking off the English Yoak neither of the two Kingdoms being now in a Capacity to Relieve Ireland that the Romish Clergy thundered out Excommunication against any that should Acquiesce in the said Peace and Agreement and with an Army of 17000 Horse and Hoot resolved to Besiege Dublin which so startled the Protestants that the Lord Lieutenant was obliged to Resume the former Treaty with the Parliaments Commissioners and the King finding that all his Secret Transactions with the Earl of Glamorgan were Discovered by the Letters taken at Nasâ—by Fight to the great Disgust of the People in general and that all the Assurance he had from the Lord Lieutenant and the Lord Digby were Disappointed by the Falsness and Treachery of the Rebels He though with much Reluctancy consented that all manner of Treaty with the Enemy should cease the Earl of Glamorgan being for a pretence Imprisoned the Lord Lieutenant being prest with the Danger of a Seige from the Roman Catholick Confederates in 1647. Delivered up Dublin to the Parliaments Commissioners he having Articled for his passing freely to the King on whom he waited while the Army carryed him about and afterwards put him to Death and from thence passed to France from whence about September 16â—8 The Cathedral Confederates dreading a Storm from England by Letters to the King had importuned him to send for the said Marquess of Ormond late Lord Lieutenant and ordered him to return again into Ireland upon their Ingagement and Protestation of Plenary Submission to his Majesties Authority and to him as his Lieutenant as being the only proper Person for that Imployment The Marquess accordingly undertook it and making an agreement with the Lord Inchequeen and his Forces and likewise with those of the Marquess of Clan-riccard and the Earl of Castlehaven and the Confederate Catholicks who had proclaimed the Nuncio's Party Rebels and Traytors being all joyned under his Command they designed to Reduce Dublin then possest by the Parliaments Forces but differences soon arose about the Exercise of the Popish Religion and upon points of Command whereby Owen O Neal that had a considerable Party of Irish was Disobliged who thereupon makes an agreement with Collonel Monk in the Name of the Parliament though they afterwards disclaimed it but acknowledged his Faithfulness and Well-meaning therein by a Vote of Parliament considering how odious it would be to have Assistance from Irish Rebels However he Aided them all he could and releived London-Derry then Besieged by the Confederate Forces At length the Marquess of Ormond comes before Dublin with his Army and obliges Collonel Jones the Governor who had drawn out some of the Garrison to interrupt them to retire into the City which was indifferently Fortified and plentifully Mann'd both with Horse and Foot and therefore he durst not venture his Army upon a Desparate Assault since the Garrisons of Drogheda and Trim lay so convenient to Attempt upon them Commanded by Collâ—nel Monk and O Neal So that the Marquess wanting Money and Provisions and the English and Irish Forces Murmuring against each other he was almost resolved to have Marched away but O Neals Party being soon after Defeated and a Convoy of Arms and Ammunition which were sent him by Collonel Monk being taken by the Lord Inchequeen Drogheda was Surrendred together with Dundalk the Garrison Compelling Collonel Monk to deliver it and the Souldiers took up Arms for the King the Garrison of Trim was soon after taken from the Parliament after which the Lord Inchequeen brings up his Forces now much increased to Assist the Marquess at the Siege of Dublin who Designed to shut up the Garrison within their works and hinder them from getting Forrage or to graze their Cattel without the Line which was drawn round the Town The Besieged perceiving the Danger of being thus closely confined whereby they would have been prevented of all Succour both from Land and Sea and knowing the Marquesss want of Horse to Guard the New Forts resolved by a desperate Sally to disturb them which they made accordingly Aug. 2. 1649. about 8 in the Morning with 1200 Foot and 4000 Horse and finding the New Fortification slight and the Resistance weak they soon were Masters of it from whence seeing the Irish fly in great Disorder they contrary to the first intentions pursued the Besiegers even to the Avenues of their Camp and being Animated by Collonel Jones their Governor who had newly received a Supply of 3000 Men from England they fell with such fury upon the whole Army at Rachmines consisting of 19000 Men that in a short time they put them to the Rout killing 4000 on the place and making 2517 Prisoners many of them Persons of quality taking all their Cannon and a Rich Camp to reward the Souldiers Most of the Lord Inchequeens Foot that at first made some Resistance seeing the Day lost changed sides and joyned with the Parliaments Forces All this was done in so short a space and with so little noise that the Lord Dillon and the rest of the Marquess's Forces on the other side the River Liffy knew nothing of it till some run-aways brought the News the Irish making such hast home in so pannick a fear that the Lord Lieutenant could not possibly rally them and therefore fled with a considerable Perty to Kilkenny and there endeavoured to draw together as many of his Dispersed Troops as possible with which he speeds away to Trim and Drogheda where he had notice that Oliver Cromwell the Parliaments General was Landed with considerable Forces upon on which he put a Garrison of 300 Horse and 2500 Foot into Drogheda which was thought sufficient and having furnisht it with what Provisions he was able and made Sir Arthur Aston Governor went from thence to Trim and Terrogan About this time London-Derry possest by the Parliament and Besieged by Ormonds Forces was relieved and the Siege Raised and not long after a Ship from Spain brought the Plague into Galloway whereof a great number of the Irish dyed Cromwell having refresht his Men at Dublin Marches to Besiege Drogheda and made himself Master of it in a little time after a stout Resistance from the Garrison putting most of the Officers and every Tenth Souldier to the Sword to terrifie others from making Opposition against his Victorious Arms Sir Arthur Afton and several other principal Officers and Gentlemen with near 3000 Souldiers being Slain after this Cromwell Besieges the Town of Wexford and soon reduced it even before the Lord Lieutenants Eyes with the loss of 2000 of the Irish upon this the Marquess makes an Agreement with Owen O Neal whereby the Ulster Army were to joyn with his under the Command of Luke Taaf who was made Governor of Ross but soon forced to surrender it to General Cromwell after which the Garrisons of Bandon-Bridge Yough-Hall Cork Kingsale and all the English Towns in Munster declared for the Parliament and Cromwell marched to
Court had given them timely notice to conceal them so that not above 150 Arms were found among all the Papists in Ireland they hiding them in Boggs and other secret places without any Damage the Lord Brittas and others escaped into France the Earl of Tyrone was committed to the Gate-House Talbot since Tyrconnel with his Brother the Popish Archbishop were imprisoned in Dublin Castle where the last dyed The Duke of York was sent to Flanders and all things appeareâ—â— so discouraging that an Irish Lord swore a greaâ—â— Oath that he believed Jesus Christ was a Protestant for that nothing they could do did prosper The Parliament of England were very busie in searching into the bottom of the Popish Conspiracy and found many Great Persons concerned therein several Papists were executed for the same but still the Court endeavoured by all manner of Arts to obstruct any further Discoveries the Duke of Yorks Interest still prevailing who was come from Flanders but upon the sitting of the Parliament was obliged to go to Scotland from whence he sent private Encouragements to the Irish Papists not to despair of retrieving all again But the English there were very secure as judging themselves happy under the peaceable Government of the D. of Ormond and their Interest in Ireland seemed more firm than ever because they were of Opinion that this late Conspiracy of the Irish would prevent the Kings shewing them any kindness for the future the Lord Lieutenant likewise procured a Grant for calling a Parliament there the News whereof so alarm'd the Duke of York that he came with all speed from Scotland to prevent it which he likewise effected and the Irish afterward boldly affirmed That there would be no Parliament till the Duke came to the Crown which they seemed to believe would be very shortly and accordingly the Death of King Charles the II. happened in February 1684. following which still remains a Mystery though the Papists in Ireland for some time before could fix upon the utmost period of his Life And now the long looken for day was come which so Transported them after all the Dangers and Difficulties they had met with that they could hardly contain their joys within any bounds So soon as King Charles II. was Dead the Duke of Ormond was removed from the Government of Ireland and upon his Arrival in England found King James inclined to such violent Courses as it is thought broke his Heart he dying soon after Before his going he called his Officers of his Army together and taking a glass of Wine in his Hand Look here Gentlemen says he they say at Court I am now become an old Doting Fool you see my Hand doth not shake nor does my Heart fail nor doubt I but I shall make some of them see their mistake The Lord Primate and the Lord Granard were now made Lords Justices of Ireland but the dayly reported insolencies of their Irish Nobility and Gentry as well as the Commonalty soon made them weary of their Government For they repaired in great Numbers to Dublin and in all places reproached and abused the English with the most impious Calumnies and Reflections and those that refused to drink Confusion to all Protestants and their Religion were seised with Warrants and threatned to be Murthered The Defeat of the Duke of Monmouth in 1685. heightned their Rage more and made them Contrive Hellish Plots against the Lives and Estates of the Protestants under the pretence that they designed to Massacre the Irish though they themselves knew too well that such an Horrid Attempt was as impossible as Ridiculous if any should have been so Villainous to have contrived it since in the most parts of the Kingdom the Irish were vastly more numerous than the English nay in some Countries an 100 Families for one After this Tyrconnel began to Model the Army and Disarm the Protestants upon pretence that Monmoths Rebellion had infected many aad might delude more in that Kingdom and the Irish declared that if any Arms were found in the Protestants Hands they would be judged Persons Disaffected to the King and his Government which so affrighted many that they brought in their own Arms and delivered them up to the Papists After which Tyrconnel went to England accompanyed with one Neagle a cunning Irish Lawyer who published an account of the injustice of the Act of Settlement reflecting with all manner of Invectives against King Charles II. But matters being not ripe enough in England King James did not think it convenient to propose Tyrconnel for Lord Lieutenant at present and therefore it was contrived by the Popish Cabal that the Earl of Clarendon should go over Lord Lieutenant and Tyrconnel Lieutenant General of the Army When the Earl arrived there the English were much Discouraged because of his Relation to the King but their Hopes were extreamly revived when they found him acting with inviolable Integrity to the Protestant The Irish Grandees were very little concern'd at it proceeding still with all violence in ruining the Protestants Interest and animating their vassals with hopes that he would soon be removed the Irish Composing Barbarous Songs in praise of Tyrconnel and that his Heroick Hand should Destroy the English Church They declared publickly That they liked no Government but that of France and that they would make King James as Absolute as King Lewis that they would shortly have the English Churches and Houses and if they suffered them to live would make them Hewers of Wood and Drawers of Water That Ireland must be a Catholick Country and that they would make the English as poor Devils as when they came first thither And of this they were so confident that the most Serious amongst them privately advised their Protestant Friends to change their Religion For said they you will be forced to do it in a while and if you delay a little time it may be too late and perhaps you may not be accepted for no Protestant must expect to enjoy any thing in this Kingdom and we resolve to reduce all things to the State they were in before Poinings Act in King Henry 7 time Yea King James himself and his followers use to say That the Irish must be restored to their former Power Estates and Religion in that Kingdom and when the English Objected that their proceedings were Arbitrary and against Law they called them Traytors Crying Damn your Laws it is the Kings Pleasure it should be so and you are all a company of Rebels because you are not of the Kings Religion and will not own his Will and Pleasure to be above all Laws But the English Roman Catholicks were not so confident of their Game so that a general meeting of the chief of them at the Savoy before Father Peters they seemed very doubtful of the Kings Capacity or willingness to expose himself to the hazard of securing the Catholick Religion in his Reign considering his Age and the almost insurmountable difficulties
which were so cramm'd that they were ready to be stifled Deserting their Houses and all that ever they had in the World and running to the Ships with scarce Cloaths on their Backs and went to the Isle of Man in England or the North of Ireland such strange Confusions and Distractions did the Dread of the Barbarous and cruel usage which they feared from the Irish produce many of them having been eye witnesses of the Horrid Murders and Ravages committed by them in 1641. Tyrconnel having notice of this sudden Hurry on Sunday Morning sent two Protestant Lords to perswade the People not to go away and ordered a Yatch to fetch back them that were gone but both proved ineffectual He then sent to some of the Principal Protestants in Dublin assuring them with many Oaths and Protestations that he had an utter Abhorrence of any such Design as Massacring the Protestants and beg'd them to perswade their their Friends not to remove The dreadful Tydings Arrived at other places in Ireland that very Sunday Morning while the People were at Church and struck them with such Horror and Amazement for fear of present Destruction that many for hast got out of the Windows others were ready to be squeezed to Death at the Doors many left their Hats and Periwigs behind them yea the Cloaths on their Backs were torn to pieces in the Crowd others were trampled under Foot and the Women in worse condition then the Men Nay for several Sundays after the Protestants carried Arms with them to Church the Minister himself being Armed while Preaching whether the Design was real or no or whether this Discovery prevented it is not known but certainly the dread of it produced the greatest Horror Grief and Despair that Humane Nature could be capable of In this Consternation things continued till Janunuary when advice coming of K. James his flying to France the Irish Lords moved Tyrconnel to deliver up the Sword which many thought he would have been easily perswaded to since at the beginning of the Alarm it was believed that he would be the first Man in the Government who would endeavour his escaping having already packt up most of his Goods of Value and shipt some of his Treasure His whole Council were of the Opinion that he should surrender and he finding himself so very weak and so much in the power of the Protestants protested to them with the deepest Oaths and Curses according to his usual Acts of Dissimulation Falshood and Flattery That he would be rid of the Government very willingly so as it might be with Honour that it was easy for him to ruine and destroy the Kingdom and make it not worth a Groat but impossible to preserve it for his Master At another time he told them that he could not deliver the Sword with Honour till it was demanded and askt them whether they would have him throw it over the Castle Wall for there was none to take it Some imagined that he intended in earnest to have parted with it especially if it had been demanded before K. James went into France having likewise before procured Letters to be sent to England to excuse the Male Administrations in the Government and that it was the Opinion of all the Catholicks that the Kingdom would be ruined and themselves also if they yielded not to the Prince of Orange that they would be contented to be reduced to the same State they were in when King James came to the Crown c. But after all the generality of the Protestants were of Opinion that he meant nothing less only designed to gain time and delude them till he had got a kind of an Army together to master them and they were confirmed therein by his Secret giving out 500 Commissions of one sort and another in a Day The Irish likewise assembled in great Bodies and and were called Rapparees Armed with Skeins and Half-Pikes killing the Cattle of the English and stealing an 100 or 2 at once in a Night so that many Substantial Protestants who owned several Hundreds of black Cattel and Sheep c. had not one left and for 40 Miles together in the Province of Munster the Irish Cabbins were full of Beef stoln from the English which they did not so much as bestow salt upon but hung it up in the Smoak so that it lookt and stunk as bad as Carrion It was affirmed that in 9 Days the Irish stole eleven thousand Cattel in that one Province and at length to compleat the miseries of the Protestants they Robbed and Pillaged their Houses so that those who had lived in great Hospitality and Plenty now wanted Bread to eat and had nothing left to preserve them from Starving All this while the New Levies were Mustering every Day the Priests putting off their Wolves Clothing and with their Swords and Periwigs turn'd Commanders and Exercised the Irish Soldiers All the Scum and Rascality of the Country were made Officers every where Papists inlisted themselves and the Priests suffered no Man to come to 〈…〉 that did not Arm himself with a Skeine and 〈…〉 Pike the better Sort of their Captains and i◠〈…〉 or Officers had been Foot-men or Servants to Protestants most of them Sons or Descendants of the Rebels in 1641. who had Murthered so many Protestants many were Outlawed and Condemned Persons for Torying and Robbing no less then 14 Notorious Tories were Officers in Cormuck O Neals Regiment And these New Commissioned Officers were obliged without pay to subsist their Men as they called it being between 40 and 50000 for three Months a thing impossible for them to do since most of them were not able to maintain themselves which gave mortal apprehensions to the Protestants who had reason to fear the Destruction that immediately fell on them when they saw their Enemies in Arms and their own Lives and Goods in the power and at the Mercy of those Thieves Robbers and Tories now Armed and Authorized from whom they could scarce secure themselves when it was in their power to pursue and hang them And this was acknowledged by one of their own Justices who in his Charge at the Quarter-Sessions declared That among other Conveniences which they received from this Government one was That it had rid them of Tories for all these were taken into the Kings Army Tyrconnel and his Council were still in amaze and Confusion and all unanimous to submit except Nugent and Rice but on a sudden they came to a Conclusion that might quiet the Irish Lords who were for Submission to the Prince and Goverrment of England and the Project was That the Lord Montjoy a Protestant and the Lord Chief â—â—ron Rice should be sent over to the late King 〈…〉 in France to Represent to him The im 〈…〉 â—â—ility of their holding out against England 〈…〉 â—he necessity to yield to the time and make 〈◊〉 best Terms they could till a better Opportunity presented to serve himself of his Irish Subjects This
after another Ravished her and then ript up her Belly and exposed her with a dead Man upon her At Tipperary an English Gentleman seeing some Dragoons marching towards his House shut up his Doors it being late in the Evening as if they were gone to Bed but 16 of them coming thither and not being quickly admitted they forced open his Doors calling him Traytor for shutting them against the Kings Forces and having pillaged all things of value they then deflowred his Daughter and only Child before his Face all 16 lay with her and 3 of them as was affirmed by his Family after she was actually dead These were the beginnings of the Villainies which the Protestants suffered from these execrable Wretches While things were in this posture K. James was hourly expected by the Irish and almost every Post a false Alarm is given that he was Landed Bonfiâ—es being made and Guns Discharged in the several Garrisons and that so often that not only Protestants but also many Papists thought it to be but a sham of Tyrconnels to Discourage the Protestants and obtain better Terms from them But at length March 12. 1689. he Landed at Kingsale at which the Protestants and some Papists seemed not very well satisfied nay the first were so indifferent that for a Fortnight after he Arrived they would not believe it because they imagined he had no great kindness for them however they thought he would have made their condition more easie for the present and spoke them fair considering that the Irish depended upon many Friends which they boasted they had in Scotland and England But K. James soon let the World know he was not fond of such Dependencies for coming to Cork where he was received by the Mayor and Aldermen in their Formalities the Recorder in a long Speech magnified the Irish Loyalty and Valour saying That he now hoped His Majesty was convinced of their Fidelity and that they were better Subjects than the Church of England Men to this part of the Speech the K. Replyed That he acknowledged all the Recorder had said to be true and that he hoped by their Forces and the Assistance he should receive from his Brother of France to be restored to his Throne in spight of those Slaves of the Church of England at this very time the Judges held the Assizes there and one Brown a Gentleman of about 500 pound a year who had been in Arms against the Rapparees being there a Prisoner he put himself on his Tryal and Petitioned K. James thinking that he would begin with an Act of Mercy and give him his Life but on the contrary he left him to the Law whereby he was sure to be Condemned and accordingly was Hanged and Quartered from hence K. James took his Journey to Dublin where he was received with all Demonstrations of Joy imaginable by Tyrconnel and the Popish Party who lookt upon him as their only Support Champion and Deliverer He was no sooner Arrived but the Irish discovered what his future Designs were in their common talk at publick Houses declaring openly That the King would have such a Powerful Army of French Irish and Scots Roman-Catholicks as should force the English into Obedience That he did not think of returning into England by the means of any Protestant Friends but by a French power So that when he came to his Throne he might Rule as he thought fit that the Protestants of Ireland might feed themselves with what hopes they pleased but they should quickly find the K. would neither value nor regard them That the K. had a long time Caressed the Damn'd Church of England as they called it and that he could do no good with them but now he would do his Business without them and so find an opportunity of shaking them quite off that they did not doubt but to be in the midst of England by Midsummer and make that the Seat of War thereby preserving their own Country Estates and Tenants and living on the Churls as they called the English who they said were Rich and a giddy inconstant People not being satisfied with any kind of Government and would they doubted not be soon divided and broken among themselves so that they did not fear carrying their Point King James himself by his Discourses and Actions soon confirmed the same For he had but 2 Considerable Protestants in his Army Sir Thomas Newcomer and Collonel Russell these he immediately Disbanded without any other Objection but their Religion and declared to Collonel Sarsfield who desired Commissions for 2 of his Protestant Relations and offered to be bound for their Fidelity That he would Trust no Protestant and was heard to say as he came out of his Chappel upon occasion of some of his Courtiers Discoursing about Protestants That a Protestant Stunk in his Nostrils And as his words so his Deeds discovered his Abhorrence of them for he had not been long in Dublin when the Wife of one Maxwell who was Condemned for betaking himself with some others to a strong House in Queens County for the Security of their Lives presented a Petition to the King to pardon her Husband This poor Woman had by her piteous intreaties prevailed with the High Sheriff to reprieve him for 15 Days that she might use her interest to save him though against the command of the Bloody Lord Gilmoy who ordered him to be presently executed she accordingly went to Dublin hoping that the King might be perswaded to do one Act of Grace being just come to the City and the High Sheriff went with her and promised her Admittance to the Presence where she appeared in the most lamentable condition that was possible to excite Compassion having 4 or five small Children hanging about her all in Tears and delivered her Petition praying his Majesty to pardon or at least to Reprieve her poor Husband for some time which she delivered in such melting Terms as moved the very Irish Nobility then present to second her Request and might have Mollified the hardest Heart in the World but the Answer she had from King James was Woman your Husband shall dye and the High Sheriff was severely Reprimanded for not executing him according to his Warrant and Threatned that if the Prisoner escaped he should dye for him and was commanded to hang him immediately which was done accordingly There are several other instances of this kind and it may easily be imagined how great an Incouragement this kind of Behaviour in a Prince was to the rude Soldiers to Treat the poor Protestants not only in the Country but even in Dublin under the very eye of the Government in a Barbarous manner It was ordinary with them to take the meat that the poor people had provided for their Families without thanks or payment noâ— could a Protestant be abroad after Sunset without danger of his Life One Power Bred a Protestant but turned Papist in K. James time coming to his House one Evening was set upon
stand by them in Defence of their Lives and the Protestant Religion which they did believe by the Preparations they heard were making by the Enemy would be very soon invaded and the News they heard from London Derry did much Fortifie their Courage So that upon the Approach of the Irish Companies the Inniskillin Horse and Foot Advanced toward them but came no sooner in View ere the 2 Companies with the whole Rabble that was with them turned their Backs and fled without halting in very great Fear and Disorder and their Officers being then at Dinner at a Gentlemans House not far from thence hearing the Inniskillin Men were come out left their Dinners before they had half done and ran away after them and all of them got the next Day 24 Miles off in great Terror of the Inniskilliners who afterward performed many admirable Actions against the Irish King James's pretended Parliament Sate in Dublin from May 7. 1689. to July 20. following and in that short time entirely destroyed the Settlement of Ireland and outed both the Protestant Clergy and Laity of their Free-Holds and Inheritances by Repealing the 2 Acts of Settlement Whereby 2 thirds of the Protestants of the Kingdom held their Estates And the Real Estates of all that dwelt or staid in any place in the 3 Kingdoms who did not own K. James's Power or correspended with any such as they Term'd Rebels or were any ways Aiding Abetting or Assisting to them from Aug. 1. 1688 are declared to be forefeited and vested in the King By which Clause almost every Protestant that could write in the Kingdom had forfeited his Estate for the Pacquets went constantly from London to Dublin and back again from August 1688. to March following and few had Friends in England or the North but Corresponded with them by Letters and every such Letter is made by this Clause a Forfeiture of Estate They likewise passed an Act of Attainder whereby above 3000 Protestants were Attainted and their Estates forfeited to the King some for being in Arms but the greatest part for absenting themselves and going out of the Kingdom These proceedings were thought very severe by the Protestants since those that Armed themselves did not Attempt any thing even against those whom the Lord Deputy against the Laws of the Kingdom and the Interest of the Nation had intrusted with Arms and Imployments except in their own Defence when Invaded and Assaulted by them Neither was there one Act of Hostility committed wherein the Protestants were not on the Defensive Their Crime then if any was only that they were unwilling to be Robb'd and Plundered as their Neighbours were without opposition but Disarmed some of those who under Colour of being King James's Soldiers destroyed the Country this was all the Reason Tyrconnel had to proclaim them Rebels for Killing and Murdering his Majesties Subjects and with pillaging the Country whereas it was Notorious they never kil'd any but whom they found actually Robbing for killing of whom the Laws of the Kingdom not only indemnified them but likewise assigned them a Reward and it is as plain that the Protestants preserved the Country from being pillaged and for this they now forfeited their Estates As for those that were absent it would have been unwisely done for the Protestants that were gone to England to have returned again to a Ruinous Kingdom the Actual Seat of War where all the goods they had left behind were Imbezeled by Robbers and their Estates given to those Sons of Rebellion in 1641. And when Men of the best Estates in Ireland wisht themselves away and many were content to leave all and venture their Lives in little Boats to the Mercy of the Seas in the death of Winter reckoning any thing safer and easier than to stay under a Government which had effectually destroy'd all the measures of Right and Wrong and Condenmed so many Gentlemen to the loss of all without allowing them the favour either of being Tryed or Heard And of those that starâ— many of them were kill'd by the Soldiers Murthered in their Houses Executed by Martial Law starved and famished in Jay is and destroyed by many other Violences the Papists declaring That they designed to starve one half of the Protestants and hang the other and that it would never be well till this was done So that all King James's proceedings in that Kingdom clearly manifested his design to be the absolute inslaving it to Arbitrary Power and Popery by his Invading the Liberties and Estates and exposing their Lives to his peremptory Will and Pleasure This the Protestants in the North as well as others were very sensible of and therefore the People of London-Derry resolved to hold out to the last Extremity Some time before the English Navy being out at Sea to prevent Supplies from France Admiral Herbert with his Squadron had notice by his Scent-Ships that part of the French Fleet were abroad and stood for the Irish Coast whereupon he Sail'd after them and found them in Bantry-Bay whereupon drawing his Ships up into a Line and lying upon the Stretch he battered them extreamly from 10 in the Morning till 5 in the Afternoon at what time the French Admiral went off and stood farther into the Bay On our side we lost Captain Aylmer of the Portland with a Lieutenant and about 300 Seamen killed and Wounded the Damage of the French was equal to ours though they had the Bay to shelter them the Wind and a double number of Ships So soon as the English were gone the French weighed Anchor for fear of a second Engagement King James now sets forward with his Army toward London Derry where the Garrison had already Proclaimed King William and Queen Mary and had received from England 480 Barrels of Powder and Arms for 2000 Men with a Commission to Collonel Lundy to be Governor and promise of further Supply King James's Army consisted in about 12000 Men and a very good Train of Artillery his Generals were Monsieur de Mornont General of the French Horse the Sieur Piscina General of the Foot Collonel Hamilton Lieutenant General of the Irish Foot all under the Standard of France and consisting of several Regiments commanded by the D of Berwick and Fitz-James his Brother the Lord Nettervile Abercorn Collonel Shelden and Collonel Randleigh The King had some assurance given him that the Town upon his Approach would undoubtedly Surrender and that the very sight of so formidable an Army would fright them into a Compliance and therefore April 18. he advances with his Army before the Walls with flying Colours Orders were given that none should fire till the Kings Demands were first known but the People of London-Derry wondring to see Lieutenant General Hamilton approaching the Walls contrary to his ingagement not to come within 4 Miles of the Town imagined they were betrayed and fired their Guns upon them which being unexpected by the Enemy some of them fled others hid themselves and a great
Adventurer to Aid him with his utmost Power and Dermot coming to him at Bristol an agreement was made that Strangebow should marry Dermots only Daughter Eva and after his Death should enjoy the Kingdom of Leinster of which she was Heiress after which Strangebow ingaging some other private Gentlemen in the Design they got together a party of 490 Men which they Transported in three Ships to Wexford in Ireland and there joyning with some of Dermots Forces they not only Reduced that Town but soon after possest themselves of all the Maritime Parts of Leinster King Henry upon the News of the prosperous reducement of so large a Territory by such inconsiderable Forces desirous to share with his Subjects both in the profit and glory of so great an Action Resolved to make an Expedition thither in Person when he Arrived there the Presence of so great a Prince had such a strange Influence on the Minds of the rude Savage Natives that partly by the Power of his Arms and partly by his Grace and Favour in receiving them upon their feigned Submissions he soon Subdued this Barbarous Divided People This happened in 1172. the King found the Land good and flourishing with plenty of all kind of Provisions the Soil Rich and Fertile the Air Sweet and Temperate the Heavens safe and commodious several Towns and Villages scattered up and down in several parts of the Countrey but the Buildings so Mean and Contemptible that when the King Arrived at Dublin their Chief City he found no place for Entertainment but was obliged to set up a long House made of Smoothed Wattles after the manner of that Country and therein kept his Christmas all their Forts Castles Stately Buildings and other Edifices were afterwards Erected by the English except some of their Maritime Towns which were Built by the Easterlings which formerly Inhabited there He found likewise several Monuments of Piety and other Remarkable Testimonies that the Christian Religion had been planted there about 400 years after Christ by some Holy and Learned Men from Forreign Par◠〈◊〉 Sedulius Paladius and Patricius the Famous Irish Staint born at Kirk Patrick near Glasgoâ— in Scotland who came hither out of a Pious Desire to propagate the Gospel and for the Conversion of a Barbarous People instructing them in the Principles of the Christian Faith and St Patricius with his unwearied endeavours had such great Success that some Authors write the Couren of Armagh was by him Erected into an Episcopal See 350 Bishops Consecrated great Numbers of Clergymen Instituted who notwithstanding the Notorious Ignorance and Debauchery of the Common People being most Monks by Profession and of strict and severe Lives were so admited by other Nations in those rude Times that in Respect to them Ireland was Termed the Isle of Saintsâ— But so quickly did Piety Decay that this Name was lost Yea the very Prints and Characters of Devotion Obliterated even among the Clergy themselves and so filthy and depraved were the manners of the Common People that when King Henry the II. designed to go thither he obtained a Bull of Pope Adrian to go over and Conquer Ireland and Reduce the Beastly Inhabitants into the way of Truth and the King at his Arrival found them so indeed being generally void of all manner of Civility Governed by no Setled Laws living like Beasts Biting and Devouring one another without all Rules Customs or Reasonable Constitutions either for Regulation of Property or against open Force and Violence most Notorious Murthers Rapes Robberies and other Acts of Inhumanity and Barbarism Raging without Controul or Punishment whereupon he without any manner of Scruple or further Inquisition into particular Titles resolving it seems to make good by the Sword the Popes Donation made a General Seizure of all the Lands of the whole Kingdom and without further Ceremony took them into his own hands And the more speedily to introduce Religion and Civility and Accomplish the Work so gloriously begun the King called a great Council at Lissemore where he caused the Laws of England to be received and Setled in Ireland which he United to the Imperial Crown of England and Distributed the whole Land among his English Officers and Souldiers A Learned Author in his Observations upon the Causes of the sudden Reducing of Ireland gives this as one Reason thereof That a Synod or Council of the Clergy being Assembled at Armagh and that point fully Debated it was unanimously agreed That the Sins of the People and particularly their buying of Englishmen from Pyrates and Detaining them under most miserable Bondage was one great occasion of the Heavy Judgment fallen upon the Nation and that Heaven by way of just Retaliation had now suffered them to be Reduced by the English to the same Slavery Whereupon they Ordered all the English in Captivity throughout the Land to be Released If so heavy a Judgment fell upon them for the hard usage of some few English what Expiation can they now pretend to make for the Effusion of so much Innocent Blood in 1641. when in two years time above three Hundred Thousand Protestants were cruelly Murthered in Cold Blood King John came into Ireland in his Minority to little purpose but upon a second general Defection in the 12 year of his Reign he made a second Expedition thither and Built several Forts and strong Castles many of which remain to this Day â—e Erected Courts of Judicature and setled the English Colonies and Civil Government King Richard II. upon the same occasion made two Voyages thither in Person but both these Princes to save English Blood and Treasure and having likewise Troâ—bles at Home were both content to suffer themselves to be abused by the feigned Submissions of the Irish who finding their present inability to resist such great Forces came from the farthest parts of the Kingdom to submit to their Merey and yet some have observed that they left not one True Subject more behind them than they found at their first Arrival However by the Presence of these Princes and the Care of the Governours set over them the first Adventurers and others of the English Nation drove the Irish out of all the Habitable parts of the Countrey especially those on the Sea-Coasts and afterwards grew so Potent that they Entertained private Animosities against each other yea their Dissentions were so great that at length they drew in the Irish whom they had driven up into the Mountains and ever esteemed their most deadly Enemies to take part in their Quarre's shamelesly using their Affistance for the Inlargement of their own private Territories against their own Compaâ—â—iots and Joynt Tenants in that good Land the Irish glad of the Occasion Fomented these Broils among the English whom they mortally hated to the utmost and notwithstanding the great Priviledges they enjoyed by their Protection always shewed the utmost Aversion to them and their Laws Insomuch that besides the five Irish Kings and their Families aforementioned
the rest of that Nation were always reckoned Aliens and absolute Enemies so that from Hen. II. to Hen. VIII none were admitted to be Subjects or received any benefit by the English Laws but such as purchased Charters of Denization and it was no Capital Offence to kill any of them since the Laws did neither protect their lives nor Revenge their Deaths so that living in the Bogs and Woods on the Mountains they upon all occasions declared their Malice and Hatred against the English Colonies planted near them However the English were still Owners and Possessors of the Kingdom and kept themselves almost Entire for the first Hundred years after their Arrival not suffering the Irish to live promiscuously among them but by an High Hand Kept them in due Obedience and Subjection to the Crown of England and when they afterwards grew more careless and intermingled among them whereby the english learnt their beastly Manners and Customs there were very severe Laws made against them so that in the Reign of King Edward III. It was declared High Treason to Marry with the Irish or to let them Nurse their Children and to use the Irish Language Names or Apparel was made a Premunire that is to lose their Estates and be perpetually imprisoned And though in after Ages the English endeavoured to Civilize the People and introduce the English Laws Language Habit and Customs among them thereby to reduce them to Civility yet such was their Rough Rebellious Disposition and their implacable Malice to the English that nothing could Attemper or Reduce them to any Tolerable patience or perswade them to live peaceably among them So that in all times as well when they were admitted into the Condition of Subjects as while they were Esteemed and Treated as Enemies they took all Advantages most perfidiously to rise up and imbrue their Hands in the Blood of their English Neighbours and Ireland hath long continued a true Aceldama or Field of Blood and a dismal Sepulchre for the English Nation for after their intermixing with the Irish they Barbarouslâ— Degenerated into their Manners and Customs inso much that-by their intestine Broils and the Mischievous Attempts of the Irish upon them the English from their first Access to Ireland till the Reign of Queen Elizabeth being above 380 years had no setled Peace nor Comfortable Subsistance amongst them but were in such perpetual Troubles and so over-worn with misery that they could scarce Survive the Universal Calamity that over-spread the face of the whole Kingdom Whereupon that excellent Queen in the beginning of her Reign out of her Pious Intentions and Affections to her People took care to Redress these Disorders and sending over Prudent and Religious Governors made a great Reformation by many good Laws Enacted against the Barbarous Customs of the Irish and for the Execution of Justice throughout the Countrey which were reduced into Shires and Sheriffs and others Ministers of Justice placed in them and the High Powers Usurpations and Extortions of the Irish were Restramed and several Destructive Customs Repressâ—d The two Presidential Courts of Munster and Connaught were then Instituted and special Order taken for Free Schools to be Erected for Educating Youth throughout the Kingdom But these and other Courses for the Advancement of True Religion and Civility were Highly Disagreeable to the loose Humours of the Natives who pretended the English Government was Insupportable and began Desperately to struggle for their Liberty several Plots were laid some by those who were of the Old English by Extraction and divers Rebellions and petty Revolts happened during that Queens Reign which she timely Supprest either by Force and Favour often Renewing her kindness to them upon their continued provocations Restoring some Rebellious Lords to their Forfeited Estates and Commands and Bestowing New Titles of Honour upon others But all was in vain the Malignant impressions of Irreligion and Barbarism Transmitted from their Ancestors either by Infusion or Natural Generation had so irrefragably Stiffened their Necks and hardened their Hearts that they still retained all their wicked Customs and Inclinations without change in their Affections or Manners having their Eyes inflamed and their minds inraged with Rancor and Revenge against the English Nation breathing forth nothing but their Ruine Destruction and â—tter Extirpation and resolving at once to Disburthen the whole Kingdom and their Posterity of them and deliver themselves from their Subjection to the Crown of England a desperate Rebellion was raised by the Earl of Tyrone who had received Titles of Honour from the Queen a Command of Horse and Foot great proportions of Land and other Favours which he now ingratefully Cancell'd ingaging most of the Irish and some English Degenerate Families in his Treacherous Designs and likewise calling in some Foreign Forces to his Assistance The Queen perceiving that no Obligations would secure the Irish Loyalty Resolved to Reduce them by Force which was done in a short time and Tyrone brought upon his Knees though not without the Expence of much English Blood above a Million of Money the Country miserably wasted and a general Desolation and Famine over-spreading the Land King James at his first coming to the Crown conceiving that the powerful Conjunction of England and Scotland would overcome the Irish and contain them in their due Obedience resolved not to take any Advantage of these Forfeitures and great Confiscations which he was most justly Intituled to by Tyrones Rebellion but restored all the Natives to the entire possession of their own Lands After which for six years the Countrey was indifferent quiet when Tyrone made a second Insurrection and drew in the whole Province of Ulster who were absolutely at his Devotion to joyn with him but his Plot failed him for not finding himself in a Capacity to Resist the English Forces he fled into Spain promising speedily to return with Forreign Succors but by the care of the Government this Designed Rebellion was quell'd in the beginning and Tyrone never came back After which King James being justly provoked by the High Ingratitude of these Traytors caused their Persons to be Attainted and their Lands to be Seized and Distributed them among Brittish Undertakers many of whom came over and Setled in the Province of Ulster with their Families and Built several good Towns and Castles in divers parts of the Country whereby much Civility was introduced and the whole Kingdom began to Flourish in Costly Buildings and all manner of Improvements and the very Irish seemed to be much satisfied with the Peace and Tranquillity they enjoyed King Charles the I. was no less Indulgent to them for in 1640. upon the Complaint and Remonstrance sent him from both Houses of Parliament then Sitting at Dublin Representing the Heavy Pressures they had suffered under the Government of the E. of Strafford he made present Provision for their Redress Constituting Sir William Parsons and Sir John Burlace Lords Justices of that Kingdom who declared against the late proceedings
cannot be far from 〈◊〉 where Vice is Patroniz'd and Antrim a Rebel upon Record and so lately and clearly proved one should have no other Colour for his Actions but the King 's own Letter which takes off all Imputations from Antrim and lays them totally upon his own Father Sir I shall by the next if possible send you over one of our Briefs against my Lord by some Friend It 's too large for a Pacquet it being no less in Bulk than a Book of Martyrs Well might the Irish decline their Tryals by indifferent Juries and Appeal to this Court of Claims which the Lord Chief Justice Santry declared was like the Usurpers High Court of Justice Arbitrary and Unlimited and the English complained that the Natives by this Illegal Court were made Innocent though they were known to be deeply concerned in the Rebellion for that it was beyond all peradventure that not 10 of the Irish Papists were free from Rebellion and Murther and most of them stood Indicted and Outlawed for Treason and therefore dispaired upon their Tryal at the Bar to make any considerable defence Upon this a New Act was prepared to explain the former But Talbot after Tyrconnel being made a Principal Agent for the Irish and they insinuating themselves into the favour of Rainsford afterward made a Judge in England for his good Services in Ireland and the Commissioners of the Court of Claims it so fell out that though it was believed upon the Kings Restoration there could not have been the twentieth part of Ireland gained from the English Yet by Recommendatory Letters and other Stratagems of the Court in England there was almost an half of the Kingdom in value lost and at the same time the most Innocent Irish lost their Estates and the greatest Rebels got twice more than they had before the Rebellion began to such a height was Popery already grown which so far incouraged the Irish that they often told the English that in a short time the Protestants must be all of their Religion In 1669. The Lord Roberts was made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland but soon recalled and John Lord Berkley was sent in his Room In 1670. The Papists set up a pretence that the King when in Exile had ingaged to the French King to restore the Irish to their Religion and Estates which not being done might occasion a Breach with that Crown Whereupon Commissions were sent to Irish Papists to make them Justices of Peace in which Office they soon discovered themselves to be so partial and insolent that their proceedings were abhor'd not only by the Protestants but the most thinking Irish After this there was a design for Regulating the Corporations of Ireland and the Popish Party began with Dublin where without any Legal proceeding or pretence 7 of the Aldermen and Sir William Davis the Recorder who were opposite to the Romish Party were turned out in a Tumultuous Irregular manner and 7 of the Rabble put in their places and Sir Ellis Leaton the Lord Lieutenants Secretary was made Recorder and Papists were daily brought into the Common Council to the great Terror of the Citizens who plainly perceived that the design was apparently level'd at the Foundation of the Protestant Interest and Religion and for introducing Popery and Arbitrary Power In which Opinion they were confirmed by some Passages that happened about the same time Particularly that Talbot the Popish Archbishop of Dublin in 1672. Desiring of the Lord Lieutenant to borrow the Hangings of the Castle Silver Candlesticks and other Plate to the use at High-â—â—â—ss they were sent by Sir Ellis Leaton with this Complement that he hoped to have High Mass by Christmas at Christ-Church To effect which soon after an horrid Plot was discovered whereby all the Protestants were to have been barbarously Murthered and the Signal appointed to Distinguish the Irish from the Hereticks was a Cross of Straw which the Priests earnestly enjoyned every one to fix over their Doors telling them the omission thereof might be their Ruine for where the Cross were not found they would be destroyed as Hereticks But this Horrid Conspiracy being happily Discovered upon Search small Crosses of Straw not easily perceived were found on the Houses of most of the Irish in the Province of Munster But the Government of Ireland was at that time so Popishly inclined that they would not incourage the further Discovery thereof and those that appeared earnest in laying it open had their Cattel stole and were threatned to have their Houses burnt so that the whole Villainy was husht up in silence In 3673. The Earl of Essex was made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland the proceedings in the former year being thought by Courts of England too bare-faced This worthy and prudent Governor managed Affairs with so much skill and integrity that the Papists could hope for no Advantage whilst he held the Sword therefore one Sheredon and Edward Coleman were thought fit Instruments to imbarrass Affairs and manage the Catholick Interest but by the unparallel'd Conduct of this prudent Earl he so far outvy'd the Romish Politicks as to Cajole that Party into an approbation of those Proceedings which proved fatally Destructive to their designs of which at length the D. of York was so sensible that he became his inveterate enemy and set up private designs against him and at length prevailed to have him recalled and in 1677. the Duke of Ormond was again sent Lord Lieutenant thither This year the Papists set up another Project which was that the French should make some new Demands for the Irish upon pretence of the Articles made by King Charles 〈◊〉 in their favour and the King of England was to admit the French to Land Men The Earl of Tyrone the Lord Brâ—â—as and others were also to raise Men in Ireland in order to make a diversion to the putting the Popish Plot in force in England and an Insurrection was designed at the same time in Ireland the King was unacquainted with the chief part of the contrivance the Duke of York having undertaken to qualifie him if he should hear of the Irish Intreague but this was divulged by some of the Irish and the King was hardly prevailed with not to believe it at length the King and Council fearing some danger from Ireland the Duke of Ormond was sent thither and the Duke of York did not think it seasonable to oppose it but yet prevailed so powerfully with the King that he sent Orders for raising Men in Ireland upon pretence of Forreign Service they were all Papists except some Officers who were ready to be so but the Lord Lieutenant would not deliver them Arms so they were exercised with Sticks The next year 1678 the Popish Plot was discovered in England and soon after that in Ireland which was detected by those of their own Party and Religion not one Protestant appearing as evidence against them Upon which Orders came from England for Disarming all Papists but their Friends at
by two Soldiers demanding his Mony and calling him Heretick Dog he thought to have excused himself and made some Opposition but was shot through the Body with a Pistol and fell Dead as well as unpittyed at his own Door about the same time a Gentleman walking in a Bowling Green in Dublin was Stabbed by some Soldiers and a poor Tapster of an Ale-house standing one Day at the Door on the Wood-key was by some Dragoons thrown into the water and drowned and no notice taken of it but only as a Jest So that considering how the K. and Government did connive at things of this Nature and that all the Irish bear so implacable an Hatred to the English and are a people of much Cruelty and forwardness to shed Blood when they have an 〈◊〉 vantage and which to be sure was not lessened by their being managed by French Men I say considering all these Circumstances it may seem very wonderful that they did not attempt a General Massacre all the time before the English Forces Arrived there but it must be Attributed only to the Divine providence which restrains even the Devils that prevented these Blood-Hounds from Destroying the poor Protestants at whom they stood grinning and wanted only the word to cut their Throats as they and their Predecessors did in 1641. K. James before his Arrival in Ireland had Besolved immediately to call a Popish Parliament there to destroy the Act of Settlement and restore the Irish Rebels to their Estates which he was so impatient in that he issued out Writs for them to Sit May 7. 1689 at Dublin though it seem'd directly against his Interest at this time and many of his own Party redicul'd him and his Councils to call a Parliament to spend their time in wrangling about setling the Kingdom and disposing Estates before it was reduced to the Kings Obedience But hereby it pleased God to infatuate them for had they applyed themselves to the Seige of London-Derry it is to be feared that Town and others in the North had been taken before the Succors came and then all Ireland had been their own which might have been of very fatal Consequence For the Protestants upon the Orders that were issued through all parts of the Kingdom to take away their Arms and Serviceable Horses concluded that an English Army was either Landed in some part of the Kingdom or that the Government expected one which so incouraged the Protestants that in many places they betook themselves into Castles and strong Holds thinking that if they could defend themselves from flying Parties and the Rabble the Irish Army would be so imploy'd by the Forces of England that there could be no formal Seiges laid against them and they should secure themselves with their Horses and Arms till they might find an opportunity of joyning with the English Army But these poor Men soon after found their mistake and thereupon were forced to Surrender upon tolerable Conditions had they been observed but the Irish instead of performing them sent them to Jayl Tryed and Executed several for High Treason and kept others in miserable Captivity and Slavery This vile Treachery and Severe Usage incouraged the Protestants in the North who were possest of London Derry Inniskilling and some other places to defend themselves against the utmost Efforts of the Enemy For Tyrconnel as we have heard having Armed a Rabble of 40 or 50 Thousand Irish Papists to live upon the Country without pay from whence ensued miserable Depredations open and Noon-day Robberies and an inevitable and sudden Ruine of the Brittish and Protestant interest in Ireland The Protestants of the North though themselves no longer under obligation to be Active in their own Destruction but took up Arms in Defence of their Laws against those who Acted in Contradiction to all Laws and from whom they had reason to fear all kind of Cruelty and Barbarity It hapned that the L. Tyrconnell having Orders to Transport 3 or 4000 of his Irish Souldiers to England to Assist K. James he took a particular care to send away the whole Regiment quartered in and about London-Derry but soon saw his Error and endeavoured to repair it by Commanding the Earl of Antrim to quarter there with his Regiment who appeared before the Town without the Kings Livery or any Officers of Note or the least warning of their coming and having no other Arms but Skeans Clubs and such other Weapons as Reams and Tories uses and this happening about the very time that the Protestants were Alarm'd with the Letter sent to the Lord Mount Alexander concerning a designed Massacre the People of the Town were so Affrighted that they refused them Entrance into the City and consulted their own safety concluding to shut their Gates One of the Companies were already in view of the Town and two of the Officers in it but the younger sort got together and with their Swords drawn ran to the main Guards Seized the Key drew up the Bridge and lockt the Ferry-Gate though the Irish Soldiers were advanced within 60 yards of it from thence they went to secure the other 3 Gates and having placed Guards at each of them met in the Market So happily did these Resolute Youths Nick the very Minute of their Design and upon such a seemingly Rash and Desperate Action did the preservation of that important place and consequently in some measure the whole Kingdom out of the Hands of the Irish depend The Alarum of the Designed Massacre and Tyrconnels Arming such a Numerous Swarm of Irish Highlanders had the like effect upon the Protestants of Inniskilling and knowing this was the only place of Consequence upon Lough Earne which had held out with Remarkable Courage against the Irish Rebels in 1641. and which if they were now possest of would give them an open Passage from Connaught to Ulster they therefore resolve not to admit the 2 Companies of Irish Papists which were ordered thither to quarter in the Town but instantly dispatcht Letters to all the Protestant Gentlemen thereabout for their Advice and Assistance in that juncture not judging themselves able to keep out the 2 Foot Companies they being but 80 Dwellers in all and few or no Arms amongst them The Messengers returned with very little Incouragement most of the English disswading them from the Enterprize as dangerous the Irish being well provided of Arms Ammunition and Provisions whereas they had not 10 pound of pouder nor 20 well fixed Fire Arms in the Town But the Resolution of the People Surmounted all these Difficulties resolving to run all Hazards rather than expose their Lives to the Mercy of their Barbarous and Bloody principled Enemies The Irish Army approaching them within 18 Miles they made fresh Instances to their Neighbours to come to their Aid promising that whilst they staid with them they should have free quarter for Man and Horse whereupon several Protestants came into the Town with their best Horses and Arms promising to
of Oxford Manchester Scarborough and several other Persons of Quality and was received by the Officers Soldiers and People with all manner of Demonstrations of Joy the latter looking on His Majesty as their good Angel who was come to deliver them from worse than Aegyptian Bondage Next day several of the Nobility Officers Gentry and Clergy presented a very Loyal Address to the King which he graciously accepted His Majesty was not idle and seeing things did not go on so fast as he desired exprest some Dissatisfaction saying That he did not come there to let grass grow under his Feet he made his word good for having taken a View of his Army which with the great Recruits lately sent from England amounted to about 36000 Compounded of English Dutch Danes Germans and French His Majesty advanced toward Dundalk The certain News of K.W. Landing coming to Dublin it was moved by some Irish in K. James's Council That the Protestants should be shut up in Churches and Hospitals and then if they lost the day to set fire to all and destroy the People and City together But the Irish Papists both in the City and Army applyed themselves to the King and told him They should then be as much sufferers as the Protestants and that they would not draw a Sword in his Defence unless all thoughts of burning the City were laid aside and declared further that as soon as they heard of any appearance of Fire they would Desert his Service and fly to K. Williams Mercy which manaces put a stop to this Horrid Project Before this a Camp had been laid out by the Irish about Ardee and K. James had ordered his Army to Rendevouze there from several parts of the Kingdom and June 16. he Marched out of Dublin to joyn them with about 6000 French Foot most old Soldiers well Armed and Clad The whole Irish Army incamped made about 27000 all well Clothed and in good Heart both Horse and Foot besides 15000 more that remained in Garrisons and the same day 6000 of the Country Militia cameto quarter in the City The Protestants expected the Irish would have been much dejected upon K. Will Arrival but on the contrary they Triumpht and Rejoyced as if they had got him in a Pound and the day were their own assuring themselves That either the French Fleet would prevent his return to England or that an Insurrection would be made there boasting that an Hundred Thousand Men were ready to Rise and declare for a Common-wealth The Protestants knew not what to believe for they were kept as Prisoners of War and could know no more than they please to tell them but they were more afraid that some desperate Persons had undertaken to destroy K. William because their confidence was so great that some told their Protestant Friends They would be glad to go to Mass within a Twelvemonth When K. James was gone Collonel Lutterel who was left Governor Ordered all Persons that walkt in the Streets without Swords or Bagonets to be taken up and secured whereby all Protestants who were suffered to wear none were put into Custody After which followed a Proclamation That not above 5 Protestants besides the Family should meet together in any place upon pain of Death So that now they durst not go to Church as they had hitherto done the Churchmen still remained with them though they had lost all their Maintenance by the Irish Parliament except what was given them by the People Dr. King was sent Prisoner to the Castle and few Protestants durst walk the Streets the method that K. James and the French proposed to deal with K. Williams Army was To make good the Passes upon the Newry Mountains and at Dundalk To spin out the War and dispute their ground without coming to a General Battel till they came to the Boyn and there to Defend the Pass but still without a Battle if they could help it much hoping for some Extraordinary thing from a Party in England c. But K. William soon broke all their Measures for resolving to lose no time he came to the Camp at Lough-britland where having taken a Critical Review of every Regiment His Majesty and Prince George had their moving Houses set up and never after lay out of the Camp during their-stay in Ireland The King ordered a Party to go out to discover the motions of the Enemy and heard they were Marching off from Dundalk toward Ardee Upon which the English Army advanced to Newry and from thence to Dundalk and so forward to Ardee the Irish still retiring and at length passing over the Boyn upon which the whole Army move in 3 Lines toward the Boyn and by the way some Dragoons found in an Old House about 200 Scythes stretcht out upon Beams which the Enemy had either forgot or left behind for hast and one of them being brought to the King he smiled and said It was a Desperate Weapon The Irish Incamped on the other side the Boyn and the King from an Hill took a view of them and then rid along the River side to make more strict Observations during which a Cannon Ball from the Enemy kill'd 2 Horses and a Man about 100 yards from the King and instantly comes another which had like to have been a fatal Bullet for it grazed upon the Bank of the River and in the rising slanted upon the Kings right shoulder and tore out a piece of his Coat and also the Skin and Flesh and afterward broke the Head of a Gentlemans Pistol A Gentleman seeing his Majesty struck rid up and put his Handkerchef upon the place his Majesty took little notice of it but rid on about 40 yards further the Enemies Cannon firing upon them all the while and killed 2 of the Guards and 9 Horses disturbing the rest which the Irish perceiving set up a prodigious shout all over the Camp as if our Army had been destroyed The King went to change his Coat and get his Shoulder drest and then rid about to see the Army After which a Council of War was called and his Majesty declared That he was resolved to pass the River next day and accordingly all things were provided every Man having a green Bough or Sprig in his Hat the Enemy wearing pieces of Paper in theirs the word that Night was Westminster and about 12 at Night rid with Torches quite through the Army The next Morning July 1. the Dutch Blew Guards took the River first some 8 or 10 a breast being presently almost up to the middle the Enemy stood on the other side but did not fire till our Men were toward the middle of the River and then a whole Peal of shot came from the Hedges Brest-works Houses and all about but only one Man fell and another staggered a Lieutenant of Granadeers was the first that got footing on the other side who instantly drew up 2 Files of Men then stoopt and the Enemy fired over him from the next
the Blessing of God Succeeded so far he doubted not but by Gods Assistance to free them absolutely and that in a short time from Popish Tyranny which was his design in coming They then desired his Majesties leave to appoint a day of Publick Thanksgiving which was done accordingly The Irish went away in such haste that they left 16000 l. in brass Money in the Treasury and a great quantity of French Souses of the first of which K. James coined above eleven Hundred Thousand Pound The half Crowns of which were now cryed down for pence Yet this did not grate so heavily upon the People as his late taking away all the Protestant Staple Goods as Wool Hydes and Tallow to send to France in exchange for Wine and Linnen for his Army Their Tanned Leather was also taken away for the use of the Soldiers The Revenue he raised otherwise was by a Subsidy granted by Parliament of Twenty Seven Thousand Pound a Month for 13 Months which fell severely upon the Protestants who were forced to pay ready Mony though by Plundring they were generally deprived of their Stocks Rents and Incomes and to shew what future Security they were like to have for their Estates K. James by Proclamation under pretence of his Prerogative Royal laid a Tax of 20000 l. a Month for 3 Months upon Goods and Chattels that granted by Parliament being only upon Land this way of Leavying Money startled every body the pretended Parliament was then in being and adjourned till Jan. 12. 1689 which happened to be about the very time when the K. and his Council were upon this Project some in the Council opposed it alledging There was no need of levying Money by extraordinary ways when it might be had otherwise and that it would cause his Enemies to say that he affected Arbitrary Power but he was very angry with those that spake against it saying That they had made him believe it was a branch of his Prerogative to levy Money and it he could not do that he could do nothing And thereupon Popish Commissioners were appointed to assess it who never failed to lay the greatest burden upon their Protestant Neighbours who in effect paid all the Taxes that K. James ever receiv'd in Ireland July 7. K. William published a Declaration assuring all Labourers Soldiers Farmers Ploughmen and Courtiers as also all Citizens Tradesmen Townsmen and Artificers of his Royal Protection who should return to their Abodes by Aug. 1. and deliver their Arms to the Justices of Peace and that they should be secured in their legal Rights Goods Stocks and Chattels c. The next day the King took a view of his Army by distinct Regiments and though it rained very fast yet His Majesty sate on Horseback in the midst of it It was observable that with heat dust and marching most of the Soldiers had got very sore Lips nor was His Majesty himself exempt from this inconvenience for he had toil'd and laboured as much as the best of them July 9. The King had an account of the misfortune of the English and Dutch Fleets and at the same time he divided his Army going himself with the greatest part Westward and sending Lieut. Gen. Douglas with 3 Regiments of Horse 2 of Dragoons and 10 of Foot toward Athlone about 50 miles from Dublin In their march they took 2 Spies with Letters from Athlone one was to advise one Tute to defend an Island nigh Mullingar in which the Governor had store of Horses and other things of value Another Letter was from an Officer at Athlone to his Father in the Country telling him That the Ld Tyrconnel D. of Berwick and several other Great Officers were come to Lymerick with a good Body of Horse and that all their Army would be there in 2 or 3 days so that they would make either a Hog or a Dog of it as he exprest it That the Dauphin was landed in England with a great Army That the French had beat the English and Dutch Fleets That D. Schomberg was dead and it was said the Prince of Orange was so too That their King was gone to France but it was no great matter where he was for they were better without him Then he advised his Father not to take a Protection from the English because those that did so were lookt upon as Enemies And after his Letter was sealed he had writ on the outside Just now we have an account froâ— Gentleman that is come to us from Dublin that Orange is â—â—tainly dead so that all will be well again Such were their hoâ—â— and expectations at that time yet we find that the Irish had 〈◊〉 a mean opinion of K. James some of them saying That he 〈◊〉 fitter to be a Monk than a King and Sarsheld sometime afâ—â—â— ward speaking of the Action at the Boyn swore If the Eâ— woâ—â— change Kings they would fight it over again and beat us Sâ— material is the courage and countenance of the Chief Commandeâ— in an Army especially a King which makes his Nobility Gentryâ— and Officers strive to imitate his example by which he is beâ—â—â— served and commonly more fortunate July 17. The Army encamped within a mile of Athlone tâ—â— Enemy playing the great Guns on them as they marched with littâ—â— damage The General sent a Drum to Summon the Town but oâ—â— Col. Grace the Governor fired a Pistol at him and sent word Theâ—â— were the Terms he was for Upon which the English were contriving to raise Batteries but the Enemy having made Provision for their coming and Lieue Gen. Douglas not having Cannon large enough to endamage the Town and also very little Bread it was resolved by a Council of War to remove from the Town which was done at 12 at Night with all their Baggage the Enemy not so much as firing one Gun at them and soon after they joyn'd the King's Army July 9. His Majesty encamp'd at Cromlin 2 miles West of Dublin where he setled the method of granting Protections to those Irish that would submit to the Government and gave Orders that upon pain of Death no Soldier should dare Plunder the Country or any protected Person nor to take violently the least value from either Protestant or Papist abuses of this kind having been lately complained of Two days after the King passing by the Ness saw a Soldier robbing a poor Woman which inraged His Majesty so much that he beat him with his Cane and Commanded that he and others found guilty of the like disobedience should be Executed which had so good effect upon that Army that no Pilfering happened for a long time after The K. had notice in his march of the confusion of the Enemy and their resort to Lymerick and People from Kilkenny gave an account That some Irish Horse and Foot were there still but with thoughts of quitting it upon our approach which they did after having 〈◊〉 the Inhabitants to give them a Sum of Money to save
the Town from Pâ—undring Upon which a Party of Horse under the D of Ormond went to take possession of the place Jâ—â—y 19. The K. dined with the D. at his Castle of Kilkenny which Count Lauzun had â—â—â—â—ved with all the Fâ—â—niture in a good Condition the Cellars being well furnish'd with â—ine which they had not time to drink at their going off Col. Eâ—nger was sent from thence with 1000 Horse and Dragoons to seâ—â—re the Town of Wex ord which was deserted by the Irish Garriâ—on As also Clonmel whither Count Schomberg marched with a Body of Horse being one of the strongest Towns in Ireland cost Cromwel 2000 men in taking it the Irish pretended to defend it now and levelled the Suburbs and Hedges but at length march'd off having got 300 l. of the People to secure it from burning and plunder July 22. Maj. Gen. Kirk sent a Trumpet to Summon the Town of Waterford to surrender which they refused in very civil Terms but at length on the 25. they delivered it up on Articles and at the same time the strong Fort of Duncannon 7 miles below Waterford was surrendred upon the like terms The K. went into Wâ—terford and took care that none should be disturbed in their Persons or Goods At the King's return to his Camp His Majesty held a Council where he declared his resolution to go for Engl. upon some accounts he had from thence leaving Count Solms Commander in Chief But a few days after having advice from England that the French were gone off the Coast and had only burnt a small Village in the West His Majesty resolved to return to the Army and Aug. 8. the L. Portland and Brigadier Stuart were sent toward Lymerick with about 1100 Horse Foot and the next day the whole Army advanced The K. having ordered their several Posts sent a Trumpet to Summon the Town it seems a great part of the Ganison were for surrendring it but Mons Boiselean the French Governor the D. of Berwick and Col. Sarsfield much opposed it telâ—ng the Soldiers That there were great Divisions Insurrections in England That the Dauphin was landed there with 50000 men and that the P. of Orange would be obliged soon to draw home his Army to England The Trumpeter was sent back from Mons Boiseleau with a Letter directed to Sir R. Southwell Secretary of State not sending directly to the King because it is thought he would avoid giving him the Title of Majesty That he was surprized at the Summons and that he thought the best way to gain the P. of Orange's good opinion was by a vigorous defence of that Town which his Majesty had intrusted him withal The next morning a Cornet deserted the Enemy who told K William That a great many were for surrendring That Câ—â—nt Lauzun with the French were encampt nigh Galloway the Irish refusing to receive them into the Town because themselves had done so some time before at Lymerick That Tyrconnel with most of the Irish Horse and some Foot were encamped about 8 miles on the other side of Lymerick That there were 14 Regiments of Foot 3 of Horse and 2 of Dragoons then in the Town This City is very strong both by Nature and Art and the Irish had now added some new Fortifications to it In 1651. Lieut. Gen. Ireton laid Siege to it for several Months and did not take it at last for it was in some measure betray'd to him by one Col. Stennel and others of the Irish who against the Governors consent received in a or 300 men thereby getting Possession of the Town Ireton Hanged the Mayor and several others that were still for defending it When His Majesty sate down before Lymerick he had only a Field-Train of Artillery because some imagined the Town would have surrendred upon Summons But it being refused Six Cannon called Pounders two 18 Pounders a great quantity of Ammunition Provisions tin Boats and abundance of other materials were upon the Road from Dublin under the Convoy of 2 Troops of Col. Villars Horse of which Sarsfield having intelligence by a French Gunner who went over to the Enemy he passed the River in the Night with a Body of Horse for being satisfied that if this Train arrived before Lymerick it would not be able to hold it he resolved to run the hazard of destroying them If he succeeded he broke our measures if not he designed for France as he afterward declared The K. had notice of his march and to prevent the worst ordered 500 Horse to march and meet the Guns but by some neglect in the Officers it was 1 or 2 a Clock in the morning before the Party marched which they then did very slowly till about an hour after they saw a great light in the Air and heard a strange rumbling noise which they imagined to be the blowing up of the Train as really it was For on Sunday night Aug. 11. the Guns lay at Cashel and on Monday they marched beyond Cullen to a little old ruinous Castle called Ballemedy not 7 miles from the Camp and being so near did not fear an Enemy especially having no notice and therefore being weary of marthing had turn'd most of their Horses to grass leaving a very slender Guard and the greatest part went to sleep but some never awaked in this World for Sarsheld lurking among the Mountains all the day being guided through by-ways to the very spot he unawares fell in upon them and cut several to pieces with some Waggoners and Country People that were coming to the Camp with Provisions The Chief Officer seeing how it was Commanded to Sound to Horse but those that went to fetch them up were killed by the way The Officers and others after the best resistance they could make were forc't to shift for themselves with loss of Horses and Goods a Lieutenant and some few Troopers were kill'd in all about 60. The Irish got what Horses they could some broke the Boats others the Guns and drawing all the Carriages and Waggons with Bread and Ammunition together in an heap what they could not carry away they laid a Train and fired at their going off blowing up all with an astonishing noise whereby every thing that would burn was reduced to Ashes The Party of Horse that were sent against them came when the business was over in sight of the Enemies Reer but wheeling toward the Left to intercept their passage over the Shannon they unhappily went another way This was very unwelcome News in the Camp however the Siege went on and several more Guns were planted and Firings continued briskly from divers Batteries Aug. 12. Brigadier Stuart went with a Detachement of Men and 〈◊〉 Field-pieces toward Castle Connel upon whose approach the Garâ—rison consisting in 126 surrendred and were brought Prisoners to the Camp Aug. 19. Our Batteries plaid upon the Walls and Houses of Lymerick and the K. riding softly up toward Cromwel's-Fort as his Horse was entring a
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K. James to meet and confer with him at Chester carrying along with him Judge Rice for his Councellor and a Subtle Fellow who told the King so many fine Stories there being none to contradict him that he was dismist contrary to the hopes and expectations of many who thought he would never have returned again L. Deputy When he took leave of several Privy Counsellors and Officers at his going to wait on King James at Chester Aug. 1687. He said I have put the Sword in your Hands And then in his usual Stile prayed God to damn them all if ever they parted with it again During Tyrconnels stay here the New Judges went their Circuits wherein they discovered the most gross partiality imaginable for though they found the Jayls full of Tories and Irish Robbers committed for several Notorious Crimes yet with the Assistance of Irish Sheriffs and Juries they were most of them Discharged without punishment either being indicted by wrong Names or else by taking off the Prosecutors with Threats That if they proceeded their Cattel would be stoln their Houses burnt or their Throats Cut which often happened And this was done in pursuance of one of the Lord Deputies Instructions from Court to them that they should by all possible means weaken the Protestant Interest which they so effectually performed that no Englshman was secure of any thing he had by their Exorbitant proceedings against them So that had these Barbarous Injustices and publick Oppressions and Violences in the several Law-Courts even such as never were till then heard of among Christians continued but a few years longer these without other means might have wholy Reduced the Kingdom into Irish Hands it being observed that never one Cause came before them upon a Tryal for Land but the Judgment was constantly given in favour of the Irish As to the Army in Ireland of which I have mentioned something before I shall add that when K. James came to the Crown they consisted in about 7000 Men as cordial to his Interest as possible both Officers and Souldiers Respecting him as their Master and Father and shewed a great forwardness to have assisted him against Monmoth and Arguile Yet he was no sooner setled in the Throne but he began to turn the most zealous of them out of his Service because he could not expect they would be useful to him in destroving the Protestant Religion and Liberties of the Subjects which was the Service he expected from them and therefore took ther Troops away and gave them to persons of mean or broken Fortunes and some of them unqualified by Law and no consideration was had to Loyalty or Merit unless a Man were a Papist of which there were too many Notorious Instances And the manner of their being Discarded was with so much falshood and Barbarity from Tyrconnel as might have shaken the Obedience of any Army but this in the World and caused them to have dispatcht so false a Wretch for in the Morning he would take an Officer into his Closet and with his usual Oaths Curses and Damnations would profess the greatest kindness and friendship assuring them of the Continuance of their Commissions and in the Afternoon would Cashier them with all manner of Scorn and Contempt nay while he was Caressing them he had actually given away their Commands As for the Soldiers and Troops he Marched them to some place so far distant from their Quarters that they were not much known and there after great Hardships stript the Foot of their Cloaths which they had payed for and the Troopers of their Horses Boots and Furniture bought with their own Money and turned them off to walk Barefoot some 100 others 150 Miles to their Houses and Homes And though they were promised something for their Horses yet their Attendance cost them twice as much as they expected and most of them after all got nothing By this means 2 or 300 Protestant Gentlemen who had laid out great part of their Fortunes and Contracted Debts to obtain Commissions were not left worth any thing but were turned out without reason or any consideration and 5 or 6000 Soldiers sent a begging an Hardship perhaps never put upon an Army before for no other reason but because they were English-Men and Protestants and Irish men and Papists were by K. James put in their places clearly Demonstrating that he had no regard to the Laws or the Preservation of that Kingdom and that he absolutely designed to Ruin the Protestant and Advance the Popish Interest in Ireland And the same Fate attended all the Protestant Civil Officers several of them being outed though they had places by Patent for Life Sheriffs Justices of Peace Officers of the Revenue c. who were all changed for Roman Catholicks and this before the News of the Glorious Expedition of his now Majesty the Prince of Orange and without any provocation or the least pretence of Disloyalty Dec. 9. 1687. Being Sunday in the Morning happened such an Inundation of Water at Dublin as was never known before carrying away Stone Bridges overflowing Houses for 3 Days together so that a great part of the City was much indamaged thereby to their great Detriment and loss and was the more remarkable because no great Rain only a few small showres had fallen the â—ight before which seemed to presage the deluge of Troubles that were impending over the poor English in that distressed Kingdom The Earl of Castlemain being returned to England from his Embassy to the Pope and having received no Preferment complained to the Pope who writ to his Nuncio to Address the King in his behalf and being seconded by Father Peters it was resolved in the Cabinet Council Dec. 23. that Jefferies the Lord Chancellor for tampring in the business of Magdalen Colledge should be put out and 3 of the Lords of the Treasury be made Lords Commissioners of the Great Seal and that Castlemain should be Lord Treasurer Peters roundly telling the King that the most effectual means for accomplishing his Design of Establishing the Catholick Religion was to let his Prime Ministers and the World understand That no Service they had or could do should protect them or be reckoned of any account if they boggled in the least Tittle or Circumstance relating to the Catholick Cause But still the Furious Jesuits and their Accomplices were very much unsatisfied that notwithstanding they had a Catholick King upon the Throne yet the Popish Religion made but small progress and there was but a mean harvest of Converts to the Roman Faith Nay not in Ireland where all the power both Civil and Military was in their Hands hereupon a Project is contrived to destroy the Act of Settlement there in hopes the Protestants would Rebel and Forfeit their Estates whereby they should have an opportunity totally to extirpate them out of that Kingdom and so be in a capacity in a short time to subdue England and Scotland likewise In Order hereto the Lord
E. of Londonderry Feilding E. of Desmond Brabason E. of Meath Barry E. of Barrymore Vaugham E. of Carbury Plunkett E. of Fingale Chichester E. of Donnegall Lambert E. of Cavan O Bryan E. of Insiquin Macarty E. of Clancarty Boyle E. of Orrery Coote E. of Montrath Moore E. of Drogheda Talbot E. of Waterford and Wexford Montgomery E. of Montalexander Palmer E. of Castlemaine Taaffe E. of Carlingford Power E. of Tyrone Jones E. of Rarelagh Aungier E. of Longford Forbes E. of Granard Dungan E. of Lymerick Coote E. of Eally more Ginkell E. of Athlone VISCOVNTS Preston Visc Gormanston Roch. Visc Fermoy Butler Visc Mountgarret Villiers Visc Grandison Annesly Visc Valentia Dillon Visc Costello and Gallen Netterville Visc Dowth Loftus Visc Ely Beaumont Visc Swords Magennis Visc Iveagh Needham Visc Kilmurry Sarsfield Visc Kilmallock Burk Visc Mayo Sanderson Visc Castlelown Chaworth Visc Armagh Scudamore Visc Sligoe Lumly Visc Waterford Smith Visc Strangford Wenman Visc Tuam Molineux V. 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Leinster BARONS Bermingham B of Athenry Coursey B. of Kingsale Fitz-Morris Bâ— of Kerry and Lixnow Flemin Baron of Slane St. Lawrence B. of Howth Barnewall B. of Trunleston Plunkett B. of Dunsany Butler B. of Dunboyne Fitz-patrick Ba. of Upper-Ossory Plunkett Baron of Lowth Burke B. of Castle-Connell Butler Baron of Cahir Burk Baron of Brittas Steward Baron of Castle-Steward Extinct Foliot B. of Bollyshannon Maynard B. of Wicklo George Ba. of Dundalk Digby Baron of Geashill Fitx-Williams B. of Lifford Blaney B. of Monaghan Malone B. of Glenmallum and Courchy Herbert B. of Castle Island Calvert B. of Baltimore Brereton B. of Loughlin Hare B. of Coleraine Sherard B. of Leitrim Magwive B. of Inniskilling Hamilton B. of Strabane Hawley B. of Ducannon Arrington B. of Killard King Baron of Kingston Barry Baron of Santry Annesly B. of Altham Bellow B. of Duleck Petty B. of Shelborne Fitton B. of Gawsworth Bourk B. of Bophin Nugent Ba. of Riverston Cutts B. of Gowran Coninges by B. of Clanbrazil Archbishops in Ireland 4. 1 Armagh 2 Dublin 3 Cashels 4 Tuam Bishopricks 18. 1 Mtath 2 Kildare 3 Waterford 4 Clowfert 5 Elphin 6 Fernes and Lagin 7 Clogher 8 Dromore 9 Ossory 10 Derry 11 Down 12 Killallow 13 Cork 14 Lymerick 15 Cloine 16 Killalla 17 Rapho 18 Kilmore University 1. Dublin There are 32 Counties in Ireland out of which are returned in all 275 Parliament men A Catalogue of all the Lord Lieutenants Lord Deputies and Lord Justices of Ireland from 1603. 1603 Sir George Carie Treasurer Deputy 1604 Arthur Chichester Lord Belfast Deputy 1613 Tho. Jones Lord Archbish of Dublin Justices 1613 Sir Rich. Wingfield Justices 1614 Lord Belfast L. Deputy 1615 Lord Archbishop of Dublin Justices 1615 Sir John Denham Justices 1616 Sir Oâ—iver St. John L. Deputy 1622 Adam Lostus V Ely Justices 1622 Rich. Wingfield V. Poyerscourt Justices 1622 Henry Cary V. Falkland L. Deputy 1629 Adam Loftus V. Ely Justice 1629 Richard Boyl E. of Cork Justice 1633 Thomas V. Wentworth L. Deputy 1636 Adam Loftus V. Ely Justices 1636 Ch. Wandsworth Esq Mr. of the Rolls Justices 1636 Thomas V. Wentworth Lieutenant 1639 Rob Dillon L. 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