began to recover Life and Strength and the Tartars seemed wholly restrained But though Fortune seemed now to shew a smiling face for China yet as her custome is she stood not long constant and stable For the Tartarian King having dispatched his affairs in Tartary sent presently sixty thousand Horse to besiege Leaoyang again promising that himself in person would follow with greater Forces And this Army took that strong City in the space of forty hours both parties fighting with such vigour and fierceness that thirty thousand of the Garison were killed and the Tartars lost about twenty thousand of theirs Nay the Chinesses affirm that they had never woon the City had not the Governor been corrupted by great promises of reward to open them one of the Gates of the Town But be it as it will the Tartars woon the Town The Vice Roy hanged himself for grief The Kings Visitor was taken by the enemy but could never be brought to submit himself or to bestow the Title of a King upon the Barbarian for which in admiration and reward of his Constancy and Fidelity he obtained life and freedom but knowing that according to the custom of China he was guilty of death only because he had fought unfortunately more cruel to himself than the barbarous Enemy he hanged himself The Tartars having taken the City proclamed by Edict that they should kill none if they would cut their hair and use the Tartarians Habit. For the Tartars that I may say something of their Manners as my subject gives me occasion do shave both the Head and Beard reserving only the Mustachâ—es which they extend to a great length and in the hinder part of their heads they leave a Tuff which being curiously woven and plated they let hang down carelesly below their shoulders they have a round and low Cap which is alwaies garnished round with some pretious skin three fingers broad of Castâ—r or Zibellin serveth to defend their Temples Ears and Foreheads from colds other Tempests That which appears above the skin being covered over either with curious red silke or else with black and purple horse-hair which they die and dresse most curiously so as their appurtenances being decently joyned together makes the cap both commodious and handsom Their Garments are long Robes falling down to the very foot but their sleeves are not so wide and large as the Chineses use but rather such as are used in Polony Hungary only with this difference that they fashion the extremity of the Sleeve ever like a Horse his Hoof. At their Girdle there hangs on either side two Handkerchiefes to wipe their face and hands besides there hangs a Knife for all necessary uses with two Purses in which they carry Tobacco or such like Commodities On their left side they hang their Scymiters but so as the point goes before and the handle behind and therefore when they fight they draw it out with the right hand behind them without holding the Scabbard with the other They seldome weare Shoes and use no spurrs to their Boots which they make either of Silk or of Horse-skin very neatly drest but they often use fair Pattins which they make three Fingers high In riding they use Stirrups their Trappings are both lower and broader than ours their faces are comely and commonly broad as those of China also have their colour is white but their Nose is not so flat nor their eyes so little as the Chineses are They speak little and ride pensively In the rest of their manners they resemble our Tartars of Europe though they be nothing so barbarous They rejoyce to see Strangers They no way like the grimness and soureness of the Chinesse gravity and therefore in their first abords they appear more humane Having thus briefly described their manners we resume our former discourse and return to the victorious Tartars in the City they had taken In which finding many rich and wealthy Merchants of other Provinces they published a Licence that they might depart with their Goods and withall commanded them speedily to void the City who presently obeying the order carried away all their goods and riches little suspecting the perfideous treachery of the Tartars For they had not gone three miles from the Town but being set upon by the Tartars they were plundred of their goods and lost all their lives which being done they returned into the fearfull City laden with Riches the Citizens trembling lest they might happely experience the like perfidiousnesse But the Tartar considering at how dear a rate he had bought the mastering of that City and fearing also to find the like provision and preparation in other Cities they durst not make any further attempt for they knew well that the Emperour had not only fortified all the ancient places but erected also new munitions in the straights of many hard and rude passages And amongst all other strong Holds that of Xanghai scituated in the Island of Cu was most eminent containing a vast number of men in the Garrison to resist the further progresse of the Tartarian Forces But that which most of all repressed the Tartars was the great valour of the incomparable Commander Maovenlungus who having with his great Fleet taken an Island neer Corea in the mouth of the River Yalo vexed much their Army in the Rear and was victorious in severall Skirmishes against them so that the Tartars bent all their care and thoughts against this their Enemy This renowned person was born in the Province of Evangtung where being neer the Portugese of Macao he had much perfected himself in the Art of war and he brought with him many great pieces of Artillerie which he had recovered from the Shipwrack of a Holland Ship upon the coasts of that Territorie And because the Emperour of China had declared the City of Ninguyven to be the chief in place of Leaoyang where also he had placed a new Vice-roy and his Royall Visitor therefore Maovenlungus placed the best part of his Artillarie upon the Walls of this City The Tartars therefore acted nothing till the year 1625. and because they resolved to besiege the new Metropolitan City of ninguyvne they first purposed to trie Maovenlungus his fidelity offering him halfe of the Empire of China if he would help them to gain it But that noble Soul of his proved as faithfull as valiant by rejecting those demands with indignation and came presently with his Forces to succour the City Ninguyven which they besieged by which means the Tartars having lost ten thousand men were put to fight and amongst the rest the King of tartary's own Sonne was killed Wherefore being furious with anger they passed the frozen Sea and invaded the Island Thaoyven where they killed ten thousand that kept Garrisons there together with all the Inhabitants and by this one Aâ—t having revenged their former discomfiture they returned into Tartary not with a resolution to sit
these little Angels as Herods slaughter did to the Blessed Innocentâ— They write that in this massacre there was so much blood spilt as made the great River of Kiang which runs by the City to increase and swell visibly and the dead Corps being cast into the River and carried downwards to the other Cities did denounce unto them that they were to expect no better Treaty from this Tyrants hands And it quickly proved true for he dispatched his Army to the rest of the Cities and killed all that he could lay hands on and thus this Tyrant did bring that populous Province of Suchuen into a vast wildernesse After this he mustered all his Souldiers in a Field which in every City of China is deputed for that end and is called by the Natives Kioochang in this place he delivered himself thus unto them I hope by your valour to obtain the Empire of the world when I have expelled the Tartars but I desire to see you yet quicker and nimbler than hitherto you have been you all know to free you from all burdens and heavy luggage how I sunk threescore Ships full of Silver in the River of Kiang which I can easily recover to reward your pains and merits when I shall once have obtained the Empire he had indeed sunck the Ships and killed the Ship men to conceal the place but there remaines yet a greater encumbrance which retards much our journey and all our enterprises which is your Wives which are a heavy burden to you all Therefore now put on a generous resolution There will not be wanting other exquisit Women when we are come to possesse the Empire and although as Emperour I ought to have some Prerogative and make a difference betwixt you and my Royall person yet I am content in this to give you all a leading example which may serve as a President After this Speech of three hundred handsome and beautiful Maids which he kept for his voluptuous pleasures he onely reserved twenty to serve his three Queens and commanded all the rest to be killed upon the place The Souldiers presently followed the example and command of their cruel Tyrant and cut off the heads of innumerable innocent Women as if they had been their mortal enemies Having now no more men in the Province of Suchuen to put to death he turned his fury and hatred against the Cities Houses and Palaces for whereas he had built himself a very stately and magnificent Palace in the City of Chingtu he consumed that and with it a great part of that noble City with fire besides he cut down all Trees and Woods that they might profit no man And thus as he said having purged his Army he matched on into the Province of Xensi to meet the Tartars but as he marched if he found any man remaining alive he commanded him to be killed And not content with all this if he espied any Souldier which marched either too far before or too far behind though the fault were never so little he killed him presently He killed all his sick or weak Souldiers that they might be delivered as he said out of so miserable and ruined a Country I suppresse many more passages of his cruelty because I will hasten to the Catastrophe of this Tragedy He was no sooner entred into the Province of Xensi but one of the Emperours Uncles meets him with five thousand Tartars the Body of the Army marching after him five Horsemen are sent out before the Army as usually they do amongst the Tartaes who if they be well received of the enemy they take it as a sign of Peace and submission but if they receive any Act of hostility then the Army marcheth up to sight These Horsemen were espied by the Tyrants Scouts who presently brought him Tydings of their approach But he laughed at the news and jestingly asked them If the Tartars had learned to fly He drove at that time many persons bound before him which he intended to massacre and amongst the rest two of the Jesuits for asking leave to returne into Suchuen which was the Country they had undertaken to convert to Christianity But the suddain death of this Arch-brigand delivered them all from the imminent danger for at the same time came in his chief Commanders assuring him the Tartar was upon him upon which news he being of a bold and couragious humour burst out of his Tent and without either head-piece or brest-Plate snatched up a Lance and went out with a few to view the enemy The foresaid five Tartars presently assaulted the Tyrant and the first Arrow was shot happy to the Tartars and many others pierced the heart of that monster of Cruelty killing that Manâ— who had an intention to make an end of all Men and who from the base condition of a raskally Theef presumed to take the Sacred Title of King and Emperour The head being down the Tartars easily seized on the body of his Army many of the Souldiers submitted to them others were killed others ran away and the poor inhabitants of the Province of Suchuen received the Tartars as their Saviours By which means this Province which is the most Western in China and borders upon the Kingdome of Tibet became subject to the Tartarian Empire When they had established Garrisons and all their other Affairs in that Country they prepared to returne to the Royall City of Peking leading with them the two Captive Priests which they had found in Chains as a present most acceptable to the Tartarian Emperour there I saw them and left them in great veneration and honour in the year MDCL But this victorious Conquerour returning crowned with Laurels was ill received and worse recompensed by his Brother the great Amavangus who was the Emperours Tutor and in stead of a deserved triumph he received an unworthy death for being to make a march of many Months to undergo much labour and many troubles it happened so that he lost more Men in marching than in fighting upon which he was accused of great negligence in governing his Army and being of a generous nature he thought he deserved high praise but no blame and therefore he took his Tartarian Cap and scornfully trampled it upon the ground which is the greatest sign of indignation which they can expresse upon which fact he was committed to a Prison proper to those of the blood Royall which he accused of any Crime But he scorned to be the first of the Tartarian Family which should suffer this opprobry in China and therefore before he was carried to this Prison called by the Chinese Coaciang he hung himself miserably in his own Place A Gallant Prince and worthy of a better fortune Many think this disgrace to have grown from Amavangus his eldest Brothers emulation but I think that Amavangus was affraid that this Man though wanting no courage yet of a precipitit nature would quickly ruin the Tartarian affairs by his
most ready The sixth is that in their Councells of warre of which they have two one in the Court of Nankim and the other in that of Pekim and each hath a President two Collateralls and eight or nine Colleagues there is not one Souldier or Captaine among them or any that hath ever seen the warres and yet for all that the whole Militia of the Kingdome is ordered by them especially by the Councell of Pekim Only there might be answered to what hath been said that the Chinesses do use training and exercises of warre for three months in the Spring and three in the Autumne every year which cannot be done without some profit exercising themselves in shooting arrowes at a marke and shooting also very well But in truth this exercise of theirs is the most rediculous thing in the world For dividing their men into squadrons part feign themselves to be enemies and part Chinesses as among us in Portugall the boyes divide themselves into Moores and Christians one part cometh as it were a farre off to warre with the other then they send out spies and send away messengers to the Mandarines who are sitting not farre of under a Canopie or Pavilion of silke giving them notice that they are in such a place and the enemie in such a place then the Chinesses send out a partie against them who encountring knock their Swords and Lances one against the others just as plaiers do upon a stage and this or very little more is all they do CHAP. 21. Of the warre which the Tartars made upon China WHen Humun the first founder of the royall family that governeth at present drove the Tartar out of the Kingdome who had kept all China under his subjection ninetie years he not only re-gained his own Kingdome but entred likewise into those of the others and conquered those Kingdomes that lay neerest him towards the North obliging them to pay him tribute neither did he let them remaine in the manner of Kingdomes but the same Humun divided them into 160. families or States giving them diverse dignities and offices These States grew so great that they divided themselves into three Kingdomes one towards the West another toward the North and the third toward the East The two first presently with-drew themselves from their obedience to the Chinesses only he of the East remaining their friend treating with them and performing his obligations This continued for many years till the Chinesses seeing that Easterne Kingdome to encrease much whether it were for reason of state or for some other particular respect they resolved to fall upon it and to bring them under so that the Tartars forced by desperation resolved at once to invade upon them this is the usuall effect of Extortion and Tyranny and where the Prince would have more from the people than they are able to give Whence Theopompus King of the Lacedemonians when his wife told him that because he had eased his people of many taxes he would leave his soone a poorer Kingdome than he had received from his Father answered Relinquo sed diuturnius That is I shall leave him a more lasting Kingdome The Tartars therefore secretly levied Souldiers and on a sudden fell upon a fort in the Province of Leaotum and tooke it making afterwards many in-roads to their profit and to the great damage of the Chinesses The Tartars of the West and of the North whether it were out of love to their Country or out of intrest which is more probable raised also an Army and came in to the Succour of their Easterne Countrimen and by little and little grew so numerous that in the yeare 1618 two very great Armies one Chinesse and the other Tartar came to a field-battaile in which the Chinesses were vanished and put to flight with a very great loss of men And that it might the better be understood how the state of things were then I will set down here a memorial or petition which the President of the Councell of warre gave the King concerning this businesse which I translated at that time and sent it into Europe for news and now I have found it here printed and it saith thus A memoriall or petition presented by the president of the Councell of Warre to the King IN this six and fourtieth year of your Reign in the sixth Moone which was the yeare 1618 in the month of August the President of the Councell of Warre presenteth you with this Memoriall as to our Lord and King upon occasion that the Tartars are entred within the walls toward the North in which he humbly petitioneth you that you would attend this businesse and presently open your Treasures and assist this Warre with men and ammunition For the truth is that in this month I have received intelligence from the Captaines that reside in the Province of the walls toward the North wherein they give me notice that in all parts of that Province there were proclamations published wherein they did declare that the Tartars were gathered together to Conquer this world of China and gave me intelligence of the day appointed for the Battaile the which accordingly was fought at that time with a great strength and multitude of people and entring within the wals they have taken some of our men to Sacrifice them and the day before the battaile they did Sacrifice them with great acclamations to their King and have already proclaimed him King of Pekim They bring with them many hundred thousands of Souldiers and each heareth about him severall sorts of Armes Our men who met to encounter and suppresse them were two Captaines-Generall ninety six ordinary Captaines and 300000 men at armes They joyned battaile and in the first encounter they killed thirty eight of our Captaines amongst whom was one of our Generals the others are slaine without number they took also some thousands of prisoners and in the retreat by reason of the confusion and disorder there were killed by them above a thousand of our men The people of the Cities are fled as also those of the other Townes Whereupon the same day they made themselves masters of three Cities Upon the reciept of this newes we assembled the Councell the Colao and other Mandarines of this Court that in so weighty a businesse wee might finde some good expedient And in truth it seemeth to us that heaven doth favour the enemy who otherwise could not have been able to have made such a slaughter of our people in one day and to have taken three Cities and so it seemeth heaven is angry with us As also the Prodigies which we have lately all seen do demonstrate no lesse In the Province of Pekim the last yeare it raigned not at all and the people went about like men halfe dead and in the Province of Xankim there was so great a dearth and famine that the people did eat one another and into Nankim came an infinite multitude of Mice neither was it discovered whence that
greatest straits kept a strong winde in readines to dissipate these clowds This was a grave Mandarine who exercised the office of Tauli in that City who undertooke our defence and with a speech which he made to the Mandarines and the people concerning the probiâ—y and honesty of the Fathers of their good manner of life and conversation and of the security which was in them quieted and appeased this tempest Of so great power upon all occasions is the authority of one who governeth and in this particularly wherein according to their manner of Government one would have thought that this Tauli should have been our greatest adversary it pleased the Lord by his means so farre to quiet all disturbances that they made no small advantage even of these temptations Their affaires continued thus between tempests and calmes which latter commonly were of the shorter continuance and to conclude the History of this House I will only relate two notable passages concerning it About this time the Hollanders did infest India and were come as farre as China with a designe to gaine a Port in that Kingdom and particularly to take if they could the City of Macao as they did afterwards attempt to do according as I have already related Upon this occasion that City resolved to fortifie it selfe as afterward it did and although the designe did not take effect at that time yet those beginnings and preparations of warre were sufficient to make the Chinesses who are timorous and suspicious even by nature to beleeve that the Portughesses had some designe on foot against them This suspicion was encreased by the coming of Father Lazarus Catanaeus out of China to Macao at the same time He was a man somewhat corpulent by nature and of a tall stature and of a bold and lively mind or aspect and was now become more venerable by reason of his long beard so that to any one who was not acquainted with him he seemed fitter to carry a Pike than a Breviary The Chinesses were perswaded that this Father had a designe to make himselfe Master of their Kingdom and that the Portughesses had chosen him for their Captain in that enterprise partly in consideration of his person and partly for the knowledge he had of the waies in that Country by reason he had been in both the Courts adding with all that there would arrive very shortly two Armies to their assistance one from India of Portughesses the other from Giappon of Giapponesses who are their deadly enemies and that the Fathers who were the companions of Father Lazarus were gone before into the Kingdom partly as spies and partly to stirre up the people to take part with their designes A malicious but ridiculous invention of the Devil as if 4 or 5 poore religious men with a handfull of Christians had been able to conquer so powerfull a Kingdom This rumour began by little and little till at length as is usuall in such cases it grew so strong in the beliefe of the Chinesses that as many of them as dwelt in Macao either Merchants or Inhabitants fled all away to Canton Whereupon they of the Province of Canton gave themselves for half lost and being filled with frights and terrours they made no question but the businesse was very certain The newes had already arrived to the Vice-roys eares who in hast made great levies both for sea and land In the principall City of the Province all the Houses were caused to be pulled downe which were built along the wall on the outside which were very many and the poore people received an excessive losse by it The gates which opened towards Macao were walled up with lime and stone and upon the walls were placed Sentinells to keep watch both night and day A proclamation was published which under very great penalties did prohibite all manner of commerce with Macao and that no stranger whatsoever should be admitted and in particular not Father Catanaeus who was he that was to make himselfe King In this manner was the Metropolis inflamed with a military heat while the neighbouring Cities were ready to die for feare Who would ever have doubted that a fire so unfortunately begun should not have reached as farre as our Residence of Xaocheu a City of the same Province and not very farre from the Metropolis and should not there have burnt up whatsoever it found in it together with all our other Houses in that Kingdom They rushed suddenly into the House with such a fury as you may easily believe them to be in upon such occasion they made a very strickt search and turned every thing upside downe to see if they could finde any armes and having not found what they sought for having imagined to finde a Magazine or Armory there the tumult began to cease and the people went out of the House neverthelesse they set guards upon us for their greater securitie and from this time that fire began to be extinguished The Vice-roy had already given order to the Captain Generall of that Province whom they call Tum Pim that with all the strength of the Country he should fall upon Macao and that he should sack and destroy it But he like a prudent man would not put himselfe upon an enterprise of so much hazzard and danger for the Portughesses would not have suffered themselves to have been so easily destroyed as they shewed afterwards against the Hollanders a people of another manner of valour than the Chinesses before he had received better and more certain information Therefore he sent spies to Macao who went up and downe the City very freely for by reason they had no suspicion of any thing all passages were free and open When the spies had remained in all libertie in Macao as long as they though fit they returned with certain intelligence that there was not any preparation for warre in Macao no levies of Souldiers nor any signe of that newes which had been spread abroad but all was in peace quietnesse save only that the City was divided into two factions by reason of some particular quarrels Upon this intelligence he did forbeare to put the Vice-roys orders in execution and in the mean time things began to be better cleared and the truth to appeare The Citizens of Canton did open their gates and their feares began to blow over and every thing to settle in a great deale of quietnes which was much promoted by the coming of that Mandarine of whom we have formerly made mention that he did appease another tumult against the Fathers in the City of Xaocheu He had been at the Court and was returned from thence upon the occasion of his being promoted to an Office He upon the acquaintance he had formerly had with the Fathers and especially by reason of the new friendship he had contracted with the Fathers at Pekim with whom he had had a very great familiarity absolutely setled all those distempers there for that time for this
cum alijs praedicaverit ipse reprobus efficiatur nam exactam quaeâ—ere conformitatem in omnibus est potius pacem turbare This opinion likewise is favoured by the Glosse in capit Reus qui de paenitentia remissione where it is said That in favour of those who are newly converted to the Faith detrahendum est jure The Church hath often practised the same and particularly in the Councel of Florence where Pope Eugenius the Fourth did very prudently dissemble with the Greeks concerning the point of marriage for the Greeks not consenting to treate any thing concerning Marriage and the Pope having also already determined the point yet Synodicé Armeniis in decreto suo credendum tradens mirum dictu Graecos ob communem concordiam recentur initam fortius stabiliendam non explicitè ad hoc credendum obstrinxit imò pertinaciam eâ—rum in reliquis violata pace ne resilirent videns non vidit vel ut in Actis Concilij paâ—et non condemnavit If this was done to Persons of that authority quality and antiquity what shall we say of poor Neophytes but only that of St. Gregory Duris mentibus simul omnia abscindere impossibile esse not dubium est quia is qui locum ascendere nititur gradibus vel passibus non saltibus elevatur So that in the conversion of the Gentiles according to St. Gregory Suaviter c. prudenter subinsinuare non violenter abrumpere Apostolici muneris est St. Peter to preserve those Plants he had newly planted Inter Gentiles gentiliter inter judaeos judaicè victitavit And St. Paul Factus est Iudaeis tanquam Iudaus ut Iudaeos lucrifaceret ijs qui sub legeerant quasi sub lege esset ut eos qui sub lige erant lucrifaceret idque prudenter ad bonum animarum as Baronius declareth in his Annals in the year 51. This is that which the 〈…〉 Councells and Fathers have taught by precept and examples And notwithstanding all these Instructions how difficult is it to take the middle way by accommodating ones selfe to places times and persons and the severall course of things and how much good is lost not to say how much evill done and even such evill as at this day we see and lament by following everyone his own judgment and fancy whatsoever it be leaving that more certain and saving way which was used by the Saints I will conclude this Relation with a Paragraph of a Letter which the Patriark of Aethiopia Don Alphonso Mendez wrote from Goa to the Cardinalls of the Congregation de propagandâ fide who for his Learning Authority and Vertue and above all for his experience of Missions wherein he laboured and suffered much doth very much deserve to be believed He saith thus But at the end of this Letter I do judge it not from our purpose to be mind your Eminencies that God hath formerly commanded that a vine-yard should not be sowed with diverse seeds nor that a garment ought to be woven of Linnen and Woollen with which the Queen and Spouse is to be cloathed wherein is implied That the severall institutions and different manners of living of Religious Orders ought not to be entruded upon young and tender Churches such as are but yet in a manner sucklings but only to be introduced into such Churches as are come to their full strength and are fortified by a long continuance of years For many times emulation growing among them and many wanting prudence and others abounding in an indiscreet zeale they do many things which tend rather to ruine than edification c. The Lord blesse your Eminencies c. From Goa the eleventh of November 1638. The Liuely Effigies of Thein mingus y e present Emperour of the Western Tartars who hath Lately ouerrun and Possest himselfe allmost of the whole Empire of China BELLUM TARTARICUM OR THE CONQUEST OF The Great and most Renovvned Empire of CHINA By the Invasion of the TARTARS who in these last seven years have wholly subdued that vast Empire Together with a Map of the Provinces and chief Cities of the Countries for the better understanding of the STORY Written originally in LATINE by Martin Martinius present in the Countrey at most of the Passages herein related And now faithfully Translated into English LONDON Printed for Iohn Crook and are to be sold at his Shop at the Sign of the Ship in S. Pauls Church-yard 1655. LABORE ET CONSTANTIA To the Reader WHereas in the course of this insuing History there occurs frequent mention of the chiefe Provinces and Cities in China which have either been assaulted and defended subdued or destroyed by the severall Armies as well from North to South as from East to West least the pleasure and delight of this History should be any way diminished by the frequent re-encounter of harsh and barbarous names of Countries and Towns unknown to the European Reader I thought it good to prefix a little Geographical table of the Countries and chiefe Cities which might serve as a guide to conduct the eye of the understanding in the pursuit of the mentioned victories I confesse it is not so exact as the rigour of Geography exacts but yet it is such an one as was drawn by the hands of their learned Phylosophers and may well give a sufficient notion of all the places mentioned As for more exquisit and rare Maps both universal and particular as well of the Countries as of the Cities and of all the rarities they contain together with the exact knowledge of their Longitudes and Latitudes and of all that does belong either to Astronomy or Geography in relation to them with what may be expected from Natural or Humane History I reserve all these to my Atlas of China which I am composing taken from their own ancient records ever since the time of Noah all which I have with much pains and industry gathered up together and transported with me to Europe I will not therefore for the present deflower that work of its greatest beauty by an unseasonable exposition of it to the Readers view but expect till it grow to that perfection as I hope will satisfie the appetite of this our curious Age. SITVS PROVINCIARVâ— IMPERII SINIC 〈…〉 MDC.LIV BELLUM TARTARICUM OR The History of the Warres of the Tartars in China c. THe most ancient Nation of Tartars in Asia the Parent of many Nations hath been an Enemy to the Empire of China above four thousand years during which time they have had many sharp Wars with those of China in which they though sometimes worsted yet for the most part have remained the conquerors I call that Nation Tartars which inhabiteth the Northern parts behind that famous Wall which stretching out above 300. German Leagues from East to West hath ever served for a Rampart to hinder their irruptions into the said Empire This Country the Chineses having a defect of the letter Râ—anciently called Tata comprehending under this
of China who from the horrid wildernesse of Infidelity had been brought to the pleasant Pastures of Christianity gave illustrious examples of their Faith and Constancy but the longer Narration of this glorious persecution is reserved for another place I only touch it here to admire the Divine Providence of God who raised so sharp War against China when they neglected Christian Peace and permitted at the same time these Tartars to take so deep a root in this Empire of China as afterward grew to that height as to extirpate the Royal Family of the Taminges together with the Kingdom at the very same time they went about utterly to destroy all Christianity But as ordinarily it doth by this very persecution Christian Religion grew to that height and greatnesse that the Church glories to behold it whilst unlesse God vouchsafe to lend a potent helping hand the vast Kingdom of China is utterly overthrown In the mean time the Chineses were very solicitous to expell this Enemy from the bowells of their Country and first they selected very chief and eminent men for Commanders and Governours then they gathered an Army of six hundred thousand choise Souldiers The King of Corea also sent to the Emperour of China twelve thousand with this potent Army therefore they went out in the beginning of March MDCXIX to give Battail to the Enemy The Tartars resolved to meet them with an undaunted courage and for a good while the event and victory was very doubtfull but in the end the Army of China was wholly routed their chief Commanders with fifty thousand men were all slain The Tartars according to their custome prosecute the victory with all quicknesse and diligence for the same day they took and sacked two Cities which they burned After this they over-run that whole Country and came to the very Walls of Pekin the Emperours Court but durst not venture to besiege it because they knew besides the infinite number of Canons it contained there was lodged fourscore thousand Souldiers in it But the Chineses confess that there was such a fear and consternation in the City that the King thought to have left that City and gone into the Southern parts of the Kingdom which he had effectually performed had not some Commanders suggested that his flight would give courage to the Victorious and breed trouble and confusion in the whole Empire being that to fly is nothing else but to yeeld up the land to the Enemy Nay more they say the disorders were such in the City that if the Tartar had come on he infallibly had made himself Master of it But the Enemy was more greedy of Prey and therefore they dispersed themselves abroad spoiling and burning all Towns and Cities and killing and destroying an immense company of Chineses in a most cruell manner and so leaving all these places dismantled and without Garisons laden with infinite Riches they returned victorious to Leaotung where they had their first footing After these things had passed that renouned Emperour of China call'd Vanley died and left his Son Taichangus to succeed him who begun to gather a new Army against the Tartars but after four moneths reign he also died To him succeeded Theinkins who as soon as he assumed the Crown sent an Embassadour with many magnificent Presents and worthy of the China Monarchy to the King of Corea The end of this Embassage was to thank him for the Auxiliary forces sent to his Grandfather as also to comfort him for the losse he had received in the late service of China finally to sollicite and presse for further succours For it seems those of Corea as they are nearer to Iapony so they participate more of that warlike Spirit and Fortitude than those of China do Besides that he might more effectually divert the imminent danger of his Kingdoms ruin he leavied new Forces throughout all the Kingdom which he sent into the Province of Leaotung to hinder the irruption of the Tartars any further into the Countery And for their better supply with necessary Provision he maintained a great Navie in the Haven of Thiencin to carry Corn and other necessaries for their maintenance This Port of Thiencin is a Station to which an incredible number of ships resort both by Sea and Rivers from all parts of China So as by this means by a very short and compendious way they were easily provided with all necessaries For all the whole Country of Leaotung is almost invironed with the Sea and the furthest part is but two daies distant by water from this Port of Thiencin but by land far more time is necessary Amongst other Commanders which came with succours to their Prince there was one Heroick Lady whom we may well call the Amazon or Penthesilean of China She brought along with her three thousand from the remote Province of Suchuen carrying all not only Masculine minds but mens habits also and assuming Titles more becoming men than women This noble and generous Lady gave many rare proofs of her courage and valour not only against these Tartars but also against the Rebells which afterwards riss against their Lord and Emperour But now she came in this War to supply her Sons place whom she left at home in his own Kingdom as being yet a Child and not able to perform that Homage and Duty to which he was obliged For in the mountains of the Country of Suchuen there is a King not subject to him of China but an absolute Prince yet so as he receives the Honour and Title of a King from the Emperour of China after which Investiture his Subjects only obey him and pay Tribute But because they surpasse all others in Valour and Courage therfore they are used by the Kings of China in warlick Affairs By occasion of this war the two noble Christian Doctours Paul and Michael found means to perswade the Emperour to demand of the Portugeses of Macas some greater Pieces and also some Gunnes and Gunners hoping by this means also to restore the banished Fathers of Christianity as also the Religion it self And their Proposition took effect for both the one and the other were sent for and the Fathers who hitherto secretly negotiated the businesse of Religion were publickly admitted again and many new Souldiers of Portugal came to help the Army And God did most abundantly recompence to the Emperour this favour done to Christianity For before the Portugese arrived his Army had cast the Tartars out of Leaotung by means of the Inhabitants of that Country who being much exasperated by the Tartarians cruelty opened their City Gates as soon as the King of China's Army appeared and rising against their Garison gave entrance to the Army Insomuch as they recovered the Metropolitan Town of Leaotung For the King of Tartary being diverted by other Wars at home could not come soon enough to relieve it So as by this means the affairs of China
still but an intention to returne with greater Forces By which retreat all things remained quiet till the year 1627. in which the Emperour Thienkius dyed in the flow'r of his age and with him the whole Empire of China seemed to fall to ruin and destruction and in the same year the King of the Tartars who had cruelly murdered many men himselfe augmented the number of the dead After Thienkius in the Empire of China succeeded that unhappy Emperour Zungchinius brother to the former of whom more hereafter And after Thienmingus King of Tartary succeeded Thienzungus his Son who changed the manner of his Fathers Government and by good Councell began to governe the Chineses in courteous and sweet manner but though he lived not long yet he served for a good example for his Son to conquer China more by Civility and Humanitie than by force of Armes In this year great Maovenlungus Souldiers being insolent by want of action grew very trouble some and offensive by their Râ—pines and Disorders to the Coreans who were friends and Allies and particularly they much exasperated the Province of Hienkin insomuch that some of the Inhabitants of that place moved with indignation of severall passages secretly treated with the Tartarian King to invade the Chinesses Army in the habit and attire of the Inhabitants of Corea from whom they could expect no treason being leaguerd with them in friendshâ—p and amitie to effect which design these Traitours both to their Country King and the Emperour of China promised their best assistance This Counsel pleased the Tartar and therefore he sent a Vice-roy with a potent Army to which the Coreans shewed the wayes and guided them through all the passages who falling upon the Chineses Armie which suspecting nothing was divided and many stragling up and down the Country made a huge Carnage amongst them But when Maovenlungus perceived they were Tartars he presently made head rallied his forces and vigorously opposed all those sharp assaults But yet at length he was forced to yeeld the Field and therefore leaving a Regiment or two to hold the Enemie in action whilst his Army retreated he fled to his ships and to the Island which he had fortified The Tartars were vexed and grieved both to see their victory so bloody and also that Maovenlungus whom they chiefly aimed at had escaped with most of his Army and therefore enraged with anger they fell upon the Corean Traitors as false to them and killed every man which action the King of Tartary himself afterward much condemned and then turning their wrath to the four Northern Provinces which border upon Tartary they wasted and destroyed them all in a moment In the mean time the King of Corea gathered an Army to resist the Tartars and Maovenlungus also having recruited his Forces came into Corea to revenge the received losse The victorious Tartars were come within seven Leagues of the principallest City of all Corea And finding the King to have taken the Straights and Passages of the Mountains which lead unto it they desperately resolved to force their passage The Battel was hardly begun when Maovenlungus after a long march falls in upon their Rear the Tartars finding themselves encompassed before behind nor any means to escape but by dint of Sword fought most desperately sustaining the shock of two Armies such was the fury of this battell as China never saw for it is strange to write yet very true of the three Armies none was victorous but all in a manner destroyed Of the Tartarian Armie fifty thousaâ—d were found wanting The Corean Armie lost seveny thousand and few or none escaped of the Chineses for their Quarter being most commodious for the Tartars flight they there made their most vigorous Charges and so forced their way towards their own Country So as none of them all gained the field or could prosecute the course of a Victory Yet the King of Corea made a shift to rallie so many together again as to take possession of those his Countries which the Tartarians by their flight had left desolate But the Tartars after all their losses ceased not to make frequent in-rodes into the Country of Leaotung and took all the Orientall part of it From thence they made incursions into the other part and carried away great Preys and Booties But they were alwayes so beaten and so defeated as they could never fix a constant habitation there For by this time were arrived seven excellent Gunners from the Portughese quarters which both by themselves and by teaching the Chineses advanced infinitely the King of China his affairs especially where that Christan Vice-Roy called Sun Ignatius was Commander in chiefe of whose affairs we shal say something hereafter In this conjuncture of affairs the Emperour Zungchinius sent a new Commander called Yvenus into Leaotung with a new Armie and full power to conclude a Peace with the Tartars if they would admit it For the disorders of the times had caused so many needy persons Theevs and Cut throats that the Emperour grew more anxious how to suppresse this great domestick Enemie which seemed to aim at the Kingdoms ruin than he was of the Tartarian Forces This Yvenus was a crafty and subtill wit most eloquent both in speaking and writing who by politick discourses drawn from his military experience had wrought so much not only upon the Emperours mind but also upon all the Councell that they esteemed what he concluded as a Law to be observed Wherefore the Chineses put all their confidence in him nor had they been frustrated of their hopes had not this wicked man been more wedded to his own inteterest and love of Riches than to the publick good and fidelitie to his Prince For first he received of the Tartars a vast Summe of gold which wrought so much upon him as that having invited to a Banquet that most Valorous and Faithfull Champion Maovenlungus whom the Tartars only feared he there poisoned that great Commander After this he made a most ignominious and shamefull Peace with the Tartars condescending to all that those that had fed him with Riches could desire But when the Emperour had perused the Treatie he presently found his Plenipotentiarian had sold him and therefore refused to ratifie or confirm the Articles What should Yvenus act in this exigent That he might force the Emperour to admit them he perswaded the Tartars in the year 1630. to enter China by another Country than that which was committed to his charge promising them for his part he would no way with his Army hinder their progresse The Tartars knew that his avarice had so potent an Ascendent over him as that they need to fear no hurt from him and upon that confidence admitted of his Counsell Wherefore being secure from all assaults from any Enemie behind them they entred the Province of Peking at length besieged the Kings Court Insomuch that his Councel
rascally Vagabonds and loytering Fellows they returned again to besiege the Metropolitan City but dispairing to take it by Force or Assaults they resolved to ruin it by a long siege that they might enjoy the immense Riches of that noble City and though this Town be three great Leagues in circumference yet they rounded it so by their lines as nothing could enter the City this drave them to some straits for although the Purveyer for victualls had brought in good store of provision in the two moneths space in which they were absent yet because that Province which used to be most plentifull was now deficient in Corn they could not make sufficient provision for six moneths siege for such an infinite multitude of people as were retired within the Walls Yet it held out most resolutely for the space of six moneths in which time though they were brought to hard shifts yet hoping alwaies for succour from their Emperor they would never submit to any conditions I dare not relate to what an excesse this Famin came to but it seems it surpassed the Famin of Hierusalem a pound of Rice was worth a pound of Silver and a pound of any old rotten skin was sold at ten Crowns dead mens flesh was sold publickly in the Shambles as Hogs flesh and it was held an act of Piety to expose the dead in the streets for others to feed on who shortly were to be food for others but I will passe over and conceal yet more horrible things than I have related This City lies towards the South side of that vast and precipitate River which the Chineses call Hoang because the streams alwaies appear of a yellowish saffron colour and because the River is higher than the plain levell downs of a Leagues distance from the Town they built upon the River side a long and strong Bulwark of great square stones to prevent all inundations The Emperours Army after long expectation came to relieve the Town and advanced as far as these Bulwarks and having considered the situation of the Country and Enemies Camp it was thought the fittest easiest way to raise the siege without giving battail and to let in the water upon the enemies Army by some breaches made in that long Wall or Bulwark It was in Autumn when they took this resolution and the River by reason of extraordinary rains was swoln bigger than ever before and they making the Sluces or inlets too great and the Breaches too wide gave way to such an Ocean of water as it overran the walls of the Town which were very stately and high involving not only many of the enemies in its ruin and destruction but also 300000. men and the City it self perished in those floods of water So the ancient City which heretofore had been honoured by the Emperor's Residence appeared no more a place of pleasure but a vast Pool or Lake for Monsters of the waters to inhabit for the houses of the Town were not over-run with water but also beaten down and also the Church of the Christians together with their Priest who was one of the Society of Jesus who when he could timely enough have saved himselfe chose rather to laydown his life for the sheepe For that City had many Christians The destruction of this City happened the ninth of Oct. 1642. about which time this famous Conductour of Theeves took the name of King with an addition of Xunvang which sounds as much as Prosperous and so was stiled Licungzus the prosperous and having in a manner taken all the Country of Honan into his Dominion he returned into the Province of Xensi and won it wholly to his subjection When he came to Sigan which is the Metropolis of Xensi he found some resistance from the Garrison but yet he took it in three daies and for a reward and encouragement to his Souldiers he gave it to them to pillage also for three daies space and then he gathered up all the Corn of the whole Province as well to keep all the Country in their duty to him as also to leave no Provision for the Emperours Army And now thinking himself secure of the whole Empire he took the name of Emperour upon him and stiled the Family wherein he thought to establish this Dignity Thienxunam as much as to say Obedient to Heaven By which Title he perswaded the Souldiers and the People that it was by the disposall of the Heavens that he should raign that he might deliver the people from the Emperours Avarice and extirpate those wicked Governours that so much vexed the Nation deliver them from all their perfidious plots For he knew well that this Glorious Title would be very acceptable to them of China who beleeve that Kingdoms and Empires come only from Heaven and are not gained by any Art or Industry of Man and that his actions might carry a face correspondent to his illustrious Title he began to use the People with all humility and sweetnesse not permitting any Souldier to wrong or injure them only he persecuted all the Officers call'd Presidents which he could find and all those he put to death and as for those that had been Presidents because he found them rich he made them pay great Fines and let them live remitting all Taxes in the places he subdued severely commanding that the subjects should be treated with all civility and courtesie So as all men applauding and loving so sweet and milde a Government easily submitted to his Power and Dominion but where the Governours use Tyranny there the subject hath little care of Fidelity There were in this City Sigan two Priests which served the Christians that were Jesuits and suffered much in the saccage of the City but being afterwards known for Strangers they were used with all humanity In the mean time a third cause of this Empires ruin grew up in the Court which was hatched in the Emperour Thienkins his time For that Emperour exalted an Eunuch called â—ueio to such a height and power as he gave the absolute and soveraign Command into his hands and passed so far as alwayes to stile him by the name of Father This extravagant power caused much Envy Dissention and banding one against another amongst the Governours Presidents Commanders and Counsellors and the Eunuch also added much to incense the flame by his indiscreet usage of the favour he possessed for if any man had touched him either in word or writing or expressed lesse respect unto him in conversation or behaviour or did not flatter the base fellow he would presently give order to put him to death though he were a very eminent person or at least degrade him from all Office or Dignity By which means he exasperated many and amongst the rest he offended Zunchinius when Prince who now by the death of his Brother without issue was come to to be Emperour of China This Emperour knew that the Eunuch had moved
greater forces than indeed he had he joyned to his Army a company of dull headed Clowns by which means he made up a body of thirty thousand men The Governour of the City seeing such an Army as appeared believed them all to be Souldiers and lest his Citizens should joyn with them he thought again of cutting all their throats but his friends ever diverâ—ed him from this outragious cruelty and it diverted him from such horrid projects when he walking upon the Walls saw the Chineses under his colours fight so valiantly against Hous for when he saw this he used to cry out in their Language Hoo Manzu as much as to say O good Barbarians for so the Tartars call the Chinaes as conquering Nations use to expose the conquered to scorn and derision and he crowned this scoff with these words Mauzaxa Manzâ— as much as to say Let the barbarous kill the barbarous and when they returned victorious he did not onely praise them but gave them Mony and other precious rewards which were exposed to publick view upon the Walls to animate them to high and generous exploits so as Hous finding no Body stir in the City as he expected could do nothing besides there came new succours to the Tartarian Army which when Hoâ—â— understood by his spies he presently retired But yet this flight did not serve his turn nor could he wholly escape the Tartars hands for the Horsemen pursuing them fell upon the Rear and 〈◊〉 many câ—â—rying away great store of Riches which the Commander distributed in such proportion as he gave most to such as were wounded what became of Hous after this action is unknown and therefore I conclude that these Northern revolts produced no other effect but the spoyl Rapin and Plunder of all those Quarters as it had produced the like in the Southern parts The Tartars having happily overcome all difficulties hitherto fell into another by their own insolency from the year MDCXLIX the Emperour of the Tartars being now grown up to mans Estate desired to Marry the Daughter of the King of Tayngu who is Prince of the Western Tartars hoping by this match to conserve the friendship of him whose Forces he feared for this end he sent his uncle to him who was King of Punang This Prince passed by the impregnable City of Tartung which as it is the last City towards the North so also it is the Key and Bulwark of the Province of Xansi against the irruption of the Western Tartars for it commands all the Souldiers which keep the many Fortifications of those Quarters where a fair Level down extending it self beyond that famous Wall I mentioned heretofore gives a fit occasion for the incursion of the Tartars The Women of this City are held the most beautifull of all China and therefore it happened that some of the Embassadours followers did ravish some of them and also carried away by a Rape a Person of quality as she was carried home to her Spouse which was a thing never heard of heretofore amongst the Chinesâ—s The people had recourse for these injuries to Kiangus who governed those Quarters for the Tartars who hearing of this grosse abuse sent to that petty Prince Pauang to demand the new Married Lady to be restored and to desire him to prevent future disorders in that nature but he gave a very slight Ear to such complaints and therefore Kiangus himself went unto him who was not only slighted but even cast out of the Palace His anger was quickly turned into rage which made him resolve to revenge that injury by the Tartars bloud he therefore Musters up his Souldiers and presently falls on the Tartars kils all he could encounter the Embassadour himself being let down by the Walls of the Town hardly escaped by swift 〈◊〉 Then Kiangus displayed a Banner wherein he declared himself a Subject to the Empire of China but named no Emperour in particular because perchance he had heard nothing of the Emperour Iungâ—â—y by reason of so vast a distance But however he invited all the Chineses to the defence of their Country and to expell the Tartars and many Captains as well as Souldiers came into him◠〈◊〉 even the very Western Tartars against whom he had ever both Arms being promised great rewards sent him the Forces which he demanded This accident extremely troubled the Court for they knew well that the Western Tartars did both aspire to the Empire of China and also were envious at their prosperous course of fortune they also knew that they were more abundant in Men and Horses than they were for from hence it is they bought all their best Horses and they feared that now they should have no more and therefore they resolved to send presently a good strong Ar my against him before he should gather a greater strength But 〈◊〉 who was as crafty as valiant and one who by long experience knew how to deal with the Tartars first feigned to fly with his Army But in the 〈◊〉 he placed very many Carts and Wagons which were all covered very carefully as if they had carried the richest Treasures they possessed but in real truth they carried nothing but many great and lesser pieces of Artillery with their mouths turned upon the Enemie all which the Tartars perceiving presently pursue they fight without any order and fall upon the prey with great Aviditie but those that accompanied the Wagons firing the Artillery took off the greatest part of the Army and withall Kiangus wheeling about came up upon them and made a strange carnage amongst them and after this he shewed himself no lesse admirable in Stratagems than in fortitude and courage when he fought a set pitched Field with a new recruited Army of the Tartars in which he obtained so noble and renowned a victory that he filled all the Court at Peking with fear and trembling for by this means victorious Kiangus had gathered so vast an army as he counted no lesse than a hundred and fortie thousand Horse and foure hundred thousand foot all men having recourse to him to defend their Country against the Tartarian army and therefore Amavangus Tutor to the Emperour thinking it not fit to commit this businesse to any other resolved himself to go against Kiangus and trie the last turne of fortune for the Tartars he therefore drew out all the eight Colours that is the whole Forces that were then in Peking for under these eight colours are comprehended all the Forces of the Kingdom of China whether they be Natives or Tartars the first of which is White called the Imperial Banner the second is Red the third is Black the fourth is Yellow and these three last are governed and commanded by the Uncle of the Emperour but the first is immediatly subject to the Emperour of these four colours by several mixtures they frame four more so as every Souldier knows his own colours and to what part of the City to repair
antiquitatibus ejus disquisitione Authore Iacobo Waraeo Eq. Aurato Octavo By whom also all sorts of Books brought from beyond the Seas are to be sold. FINIS The true Effigies of F. Aluarez Semedo Procurator of y e Prouinces of Iapan China Tho Cross fecit See a larger discourse of the ordering of this leafe and of the many vertues of the drink in the voyage and missions of Alexanderd Rhodes printed at Paris 1653. 1 part 13 cap. it s called also Tay. See the Syriack inscription explained by Kirkes in his Prodrom Copt cap. 3. pag. 73. See another Translation somewhat differing from this in Kirchers Prodrom Copt cap. 3 pag. 53. The Tartars were ancient Enemies to China Who are the Tartars The Tartars conquered China heretofore Tamberlain never tooke China The Tartars Emperours of China A great Gaâ—ison upon the Wall against the Tartars A long Peace in China The Tartars think of invading China The first cause of the Tartarian war The second cause The third cause The first irruption of the Tartars into China The Tartars Protestation against China The Barbâ—rous and superstitious Vow of the Tartarian King The chiefe City of Leaoyang besieged and taken A Stratagem against musquets Many other Cities taken How the Tartars used their conquered Towns The Tartar calls himself Emperour of China An. 1618. God punished China for their persecution of Christians The Tartars return with great Riches The Emperour Vanley dyes Taichangus succeeds and dyes Theinkins is chosen Those of Corea more valiant than the Chineses New preparations against the Tartars The Port of Thiencin very commodious The valiant Amazon of China The first invention of the Christians to advance Christianity The Tartars are cast ouâ— The Tartars make war again They besiege Leaoyang and take it Constancy rewarded by the Enemy The Tartars Habits and Manners The Tartars perfidiousness The valiantest Commander of China The faithfulnesse of the Commanders in China The overthrow of the Tartars Their cruelty The Kings of China and Tartary both died Zungchinius chosen Emperour of China Thienzungus more milde than his Predecessors The Souldiers Insolencies exasperate the Country of Corea The Tartars are bâ—ought into Corea Corea wasted The Fight and slaughter of 3. Armies The Eastern part of Leaotung is under the Tartar The Portugese send succour A crafty Commander of the China Army Mâ—ovenlungâ—â— poisoned The Kings Court besieged The perfidious General killed The Tartars â—orrage all the Country of Peking depart The King of Tartary dies another succeeds Zungteus the new King of Tartary prudent milde Mildenesse and Gentleness to be used in Conquering Nations A barbarous Principle of the Chineses Ignatius the chief Commander of the Christians unjustly killed Ignatius his fidelity Ignatius his Piety He chuses rather to die than either to reign or to serve the Tartars The Theeves in China a chief occasion of its overthrow Severall Theeves They are defeated but not vanquished Famin augments the Theeves And the Emperour his avarice The Commanders aspire to the Empire The names of the chief felons They vex several Provinces They besiege the noble City Caifung An unheard of Famin. The City of Caifung is drowned The General of the Theeves takes the Title of a King He takes the Country of Xensi Calls himself Emperour The Theeves good Government The Prefects Discord was another cause of the ruine of China The Theevs take the Province of Xensi The Emperour of China is troubled The Stratagem of the Theef The Royall City of Peking is taken The Emperour having kild his Daughter hanged himself The Theefs Tyranny and cruelty The Tartars called into China against the Theeves The Theeves fly from the Tartars They carry away the Treasures of the Palace Zungteus King of the Tartars dyes The Tartars refuse to depart China â—â—eir Craft 〈◊〉 Deceiâ— A great company of Tartars enter China The Tartars seise upon the Empire of China Xunchiis crowned the first Emperour of the Tartars 〈◊〉 China The fidelity of the Kings Tutor called Amavangus Vsangueius forced to serve the Tartars It is not known what became of Licungzus The Tartars subdue several Provinces They changed no Laws of the Nation Hungquangus Crowned Emperour in Hanquin The Tartars admit no Peace Zunchinius his Son appears at Nankuing He causes troubles in China The flight of the Chineses The City Yangcheu resisting the Tartar is taken and burnt The Tartars take several places The Emperour Hunquangus is taken and killed The Tartars run to the City Hangcheu King Lovingus love to his Subjects Many of the Kings Souldiers drowned Hangcheu is taken The Chineses defend their Hair The Tartars passe the River and recover the City Xaâ—king The Island of Cheuxan becomes a Kingdom The City of Kinhao is taken and destroyed The Tartars take in Fokien very easily King Lunguus slain The Provinces of Quamgtung is taken A famous Pyrate in China The Tartars deceive the Pyrat and take him prisoner by meer Art The Tartars overthrow Quangsi Iungley made Emperour of China The Heir to the Empire becomes Christian. Theeves infest the Province of Fokien Changus the Commander of the Tartars besieges Kienning in vain It is at length taken and razed How the Tartars dispose their Garrisons Kinus Governour of a Province rebelleth The hatred betwixt the two Prefects disturbs the Country of Kiansi Many places revolt from the Tartar The deceipt of the Governour of Cancheu Kinus besieged by the Tartars Kinus breaks out of the City The City of Nanchang is destroyed Three Kings created with as many Armies against Iungley the Emperour of China Hous riseth against the Tartars The barbarous resolution of a Tartarian Governour The chief City called Sigan is besieged The Tartars insolencies produced great danger Kiangus riseth against the Tartars Kiangus gathers great Forces Kiangus overthrows the Tartars by a stratagem He bears the Tartars again Amavangus himself goes against Kiangus The Tartars Banners The Tartars delight in hunâ—ing Amavangus durst not fight with Kiangus Kiangus is killed Xanchius the Emperour Marries Kengus hangs himself The City of Quangâ—hen is taken and pillaged The Emperour Iungly flyes The Author of the Relation of China The Tartars offer a Church to Christians Corea revolted from the Tartars Amavangus dyeth Changhienchungus a cruel Tyrant He kils divers Princes For one offending he puts all to death His hatred to the people of Suchuen He cuts off a Legion for one mans fault He kils many City Officers And he killed also the Eunuchs For one mans fault he kils twenty thousand He endeavours to take Hanchung He kilâ— 140000 men most cruelly He kils all the Students He kils the Children and exposes the Matrons He kils 600000 in the City Chingtu Many Children Baptized He kils all the Souldiers Wives He burned his Palace in the City of Chingtu The Tyrant is slain The Province of Suchuen is made subject to the Tartars One of the Emperours Uncles is ill received He hangs himself