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 _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 2_o 2_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 1_o  _fw-fr a_o file_n to_o be_v make_v file_n leader_n successive_o according_a to_o their_o dignity_n 1._o file_v leader_n 1_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o second_o man_n from_o the_o front_n 5_o 2_o bringer_n up_o double_a your_o front_n to_o the_o right_n and_o file_n double_v your_o depth_n to_o the_o right_n bringer_n up_o to_o the_o front_n half_a file_n 4_o 6_o 3_o file_v leader_n and_o half_a file_n leader_n stand_v the_o rest_n pass_v through_o to_o the_o left_a and_o place_n yourselves_o before_o your_o leader_n 3._o half_a file_n leader_n 3_o 3_o 6_o 4_o front_n and_o rear_v half_a file_n interchange_v your_o ground_n the_o second_o man_n from_o the_o rear_n 6_o 1_o 2_o 5_o 5_o rank_n to_o the_o right_n double_a file_n to_o the_o right_n double_a 2._o bringer_n up_o 2_o 5_o 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reducement_n or_o when_o all_o the_o musquetteer_n be_v on_o the_o left_a flank_n you_o may_v fire_v they_o over_o again_o and_o they_o be_v reduce_v 7._o command_n musquetteer_n give_v fire_n to_o the_o right_n and_o to_o the_o rear_n place_v yourselves_o between_o the_o pike_n and_o your_o own_o division_n have_v place_v your_o left_a flank_n of_o musquetteer_n in_o the_o rear_n fire_n a_o useful_a fire_n then_o command_v the_o outmost_a file_n upon_o the_o right_a flank_n be_v to_o face_n to_o the_o right_n and_o the_o last_o rank_n of_o musquetteer_n in_o the_o rear_n be_v to_o face_n about_o and_o both_o be_v to_o present_v and_o give_v fire_n together_o and_o have_v fire_v the_o outermost_a file_n upon_o the_o right_a hand_n face_v to_o the_o left_a and_o march_v after_o their_o leader_n in_o the_o interval_n between_o the_o musket_n and_o the_o pike_n pace_n they_o be_v to_o march_v a_o reasonable_a pace_n and_o the_o rank_n fire_v in_o the_o rear_n be_v to_o wheel_n to_o the_o 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follow_v they_o every_o rank_n be_v to_o fire_n upon_o the_o same_o ground_n and_o wheel_n off_o by_o division_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n from_o this_o figure_n as_o they_o will_v stand_v after_o fire_v there_o may_v be_v produce_v a_o great_a many_o brave_a figure_n but_o now_o i_o must_v leave_v they_o to_o the_o skilful_a artist_n to_o reduce_v this_o command_n the_o musquetteer_n to_o march_v all_o until_o they_o be_v clear_a of_o the_o pike_n then_o face_n they_o to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a inward_o and_o close_v their_o division_n and_o face_n they_o to_o their_o leader_n 10._o command_n because_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v produce_v from_o the_o precedent_a figure_n it_o shall_v be_v from_o the_o first_o figure_n of_o fire_v in_o the_o front_n and_o rear_n chap._n 19_o the_o body_n be_v face_v to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a will_v be_v a_o fire_n to_o both_o flank_n 11._o command_n shall_v be_v a_o fire_n to_o right_a flank_n and_o to_o the_o front_n and_o rear_n leave_v half_a rank_n double_v your_o right_a flank_n by_o division_n you_o may_v face_v the_o division_n any_o way_n which_o you_o intend_v for_o their_o fire_n after_o fire_v they_o be_v to_o wheel_v off_o into_o their_o own_o division_n every_o rank_a move_n into_o his_o leader_n ground_n to_o reduce_v they_o face_n they_o to_o their_o proper_a front_n then_o command_v half_a rank_n that_o double_a face_n to_o the_o left_a and_o so_o march_v into_o your_o place_n see_v the_o double_n of_o flank_n figure_n 17._o chap._n xxi_o of_o several_a divisional_a firing_n i_o may_v here_o make_v mention_n of_o a_o great_a many_o figure_n for_o firing_n some_o serviceable_a and_o other_o not_o but_o all_o leave_v to_o the_o judicious_a for_o censure_n and_o to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o best_a yet_o none_o useless_a for_o delight_n or_o garden_n exercise_n the_o figure_n can_v be_v perfect_a because_o i_o be_o tie_v to_o the_o exercise_n but_o of_o twelve_o file_n four_o of_o they_o pike_n and_o eight_o musquetteer_n it_o be_v a_o number_n that_o our_o western_a commander_n can_v make_v use_n of_o and_o no_o more_o yet_o any_o who_o may_v be_v capable_a to_o perform_v they_o will_v be_v able_a to_o invent_v other_o and_o command_v the_o production_n of_o such_o like_a in_o geat_a number_n and_o with_o better_a delight_n 1._o command_n the_o two_o outmost_a file_n upon_o each_o flank_n stand_v the_o two_o inmost_a half_a rank_n of_o the_o rear_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n the_o two_o inmost_a half_a rank_n both_o of_o front_n and_o rear_n march_v until_o you_o be_v clear_a of_o the_o body_n of_o pike_n then_o half_a file_n rank_a to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a inward_o by_o wheel_v into_o the_o front_n for_o the_o pike_n open_v they_o to_o the_o right_n and_o leave_v from_o the_o midst_n then_o command_v the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n file_n of_o pike_n to_o stand_v the_o rear_n half_a file_n of_o the_o remainder_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n than_o both_o half_a file_n rank_a to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a inward_a into_o the_o front_n and_o rear_n this_o figure_n in_o great_a body_n must_v be_v perform_v otherways_o and_o may_v be_v very_o serviceable_a against_o the_o horse_n the_o pike_n may_v advance_v into_o the_o front_n of_o musquetteer_n to_o secure_v they_o against_o the_o horse_n fury_n if_o occasion_n shall_v serve_v after_o their_o first_o fire_v and_o wheel_v off_o to_o the_o right_n and_o leave_v in_o the_o rear_n of_o their_o own_o division_n then_o when_o the_o pike_n be_v defend_v they_o from_o the_o horse_n let_v they_o fire_n over_o the_o pike_n this_o be_v do_v pass_v through_o the_o musquetteer_n before_o the_o several_a front_n of_o pike_n as_o they_o be_v before_o any_o fire_n to_o reduce_v they_o command_n face_n the_o front_n and_o rear_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a inward_o the_o front_n and_o rear_n rank_n of_o pike_n file_v to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a inward_o the_o right_a and_o left_a hand_n file_n of_o pike_n close_o to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a inward_o and_o close_o all_o to_o the_o midst_n then_o command_v the_o front_n and_o rear_n rank_n of_o musquetteer_n file_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a inward_a face_n in_o opposition_n and_o march_n into_o your_o place_n close_v the_o whole_a body_n to_o their_o close_a order_n and_o open_v they_o again_o to_o their_o order_n evening_n of_o their_o rank_n and_o streightning_n of_o their_o file_n they_o be_v reduce_v 2._o command_v and_o direction_n musquetteer_n open_v six_o foot_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a front_v half_a file_n of_o the_o right_a flank_n of_o musquetteer_n advance_v entire_a into_o the_o front_n of_o pike_n the_o rear_n division_n of_o the_o left_a flank_n of_o musquetteer_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n and_o double_a entire_a the_o rear_n of_o the_o pike_n the_o front_n division_n of_o musquetteer_n of_o the_o left_a face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n and_o march_v even_o in_o breast_n with_o the_o rear_n half_a file_n of_o pike_n the_o front_n half_a file_n of_o pike_n face_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a outward_n and_o march_v until_o you_o be_v clear_a etc._n etc._n face_v they_o to_o their_o leader_n to_o reduce_v they_o the_o front_n division_n of_o musquetteer_n face_n to_o the_o right_n and_o march_v into_o your_o place_n rear_v division_n of_o musquetteer_n face_n to_o the_o left_a and_o march_v forth_o into_o your_o place_n front_v half_a file_n of_o pike_n face_n in_o opposition_n and_o close_v your_o division_n the_o left_a flank_n of_o musquetteer_n advance_v even_o with_o the_o front_n of_o pike_n musquetteer_n close_o to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a inward_a and_o face_n they_o to_o their_o leader_n and_o they_o be_v reduce_v 3._o command_n front_n half_a file_n face_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a
accident_n shall_v fall_v out_o that_o all_o the_o superior_a officer_n of_o a_o company_n shall_v be_v absent_a than_o the_o command_n do_v belong_v to_o he_o 2._o to_o his_o place_n belong_v proper_o the_o charge_n of_o one_o division_n or_o squadron_n of_o the_o company_n he_o be_v to_o see_v they_o well_o exercise_v in_o their_o arm_n and_o that_o his_o deportment_n with_o they_o may_v be_v soldier_n like_a he_o be_v to_o deliver_v they_o munition_n of_o victual_n or_o arm_n he_o be_v to_o govern_v the_o watch_n and_o to_o divide_v the_o labour_n of_o his_o soldier_n equal_o either_o in_o watch_n work_n or_o service_n and_o to_o take_v care_n in_o every_o respect_n to_o do_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o good_a soldier_n 3._o when_o the_o drum_n beat_v to_o gather_v the_o company_n together_o the_o corporal_n be_v immediate_o to_o be_v in_o a_o readiness_n themselves_o and_o to_o call_v together_o their_o division_n and_o with_o they_o he_o shall_v repair_v to_o their_o ensign_n and_o if_o any_o of_o they_o be_v want_v without_o leave_n they_o shall_v give_v notice_n thereof_o to_o the_o captain_n and_o shall_v prosecute_v their_o say_a absence_n to_o the_o punishment_n of_o they_o 4._o he_o shall_v have_v a_o three_o part_n or_o a_o four_o in_o his_o division_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o file_n he_o shall_v himself_o be_v leader_n of_o the_o chief_a file_n and_o be_v with_o the_o same_o always_o to_o take_v place_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o his_o division_n 5._o he_o shall_v in_o any_o case_n of_o default_n either_o of_o leader_n or_o bringer_n up_o see_v that_o they_o be_v supply_v by_o the_o next_o 6._o in_o march_v or_o fight_v the_o corporal_n of_o a_o company_n have_v no_o command_n but_o of_o the_o file_n that_o each_o of_o they_o lead_v they_o be_v to_o see_v the_o open_n of_o their_o file_n or_o rank_n or_o to_o double_v the_o same_o to_o follow_v the_o sound_n of_o the_o drum_n and_o to_o observe_v every_o other_o motion_n that_o shall_v be_v command_v 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the_o come_n of_o his_o relief_n he_o shall_v put_v all_o the_o soldier_n in_o his_o division_n into_o arm_n and_o stand_v ready_a to_o receive_v they_o and_o when_o his_o sentinel_n be_v relieve_v march_v to_o his_o quarter_n 13._o if_o during_o the_o time_n of_o watch_n any_o of_o the_o soldier_n under_o his_o corporalship_n shall_v offend_v he_o be_v to_o commit_v he_o or_o to_o acquaint_v his_o chief_a officer_n therewith_o 14._o if_o by_o any_o occasion_n the_o company_n remove_v and_o he_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o guard_n before_o the_o twenty_o four_o hour_n be_v expire_v and_o that_o the_o same_o company_n lodge_v again_o within_o the_o same_o time_n then_o shall_v the_o say_a corporal_n with_o his_o soldier_n be_v in_o readiness_n to_o watch_v out_o the_o residue_n of_o the_o time_n and_o in_o such_o place_n as_o shall_v be_v appoint_v 15._o as_o a_o corporal_n be_v next_o in_o degree_n to_o a_o sergeant_n so_o in_o behave_v himself_o well_o he_o may_v pretend_v to_o the_o place_n of_o a_o sergeant_n when_o by_o any_o accident_n it_o may_v be_v void_a the_o office_n of_o lansprizado_n 1._o next_o to_o the_o corporal_n be_v the_o lansprizado_n who_o be_v in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o corporal_n to_o do_v his_o office_n 2._o his_o own_o proper_a place_n be_v to_o lead_v the_o left_a hand_n file_v of_o the_o same_o division_n and_o to_o have_v his_o own_o and_o the_o file_n adjoin_v to_o the_o same_o in_o care_n observe_v their_o order_n as_o be_v specify_v in_o the_o corporal_n office_n the_o office_n of_o a_o drum_n there_o aught_o to_o be_v two_o drummer_n at_o least_o in_o a_o company_n both_o of_o they_o perfect_a in_o every_o necessary_a beat_n or_o sound_n thereof_o which_o by_o turn_n be_v to_o do_v all_o the_o service_n belong_v to_o their_o place_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o field_n or_o garrison_n one_o of_o they_o be_v to_o give_v attendance_n to_o the_o quarter_n though_o the_o company_n be_v at_o that_o time_n free_a from_o any_o duty_n 2._o the_o drum_n have_v warning_n to_o beat_v for_o the_o gather_n of_o the_o company_n shall_v go_v beat_v from_o one_o end_n of_o the_o quarter_n to_o the_o other_o twice_o and_o then_o he_o shall_v repair_v to_o the_o ensign_n lodging_n 3._o while_o the_o company_n march_v the_o one_o must_v beat_v constant_o and_o by_o turn_n ease_v each_o other_o 4._o when_o the_o company_n shall_v be_v join_v with_o other_o the_o drum_n shall_v take_v place_n by_o the_o appointment_n of_o the_o drum-major_n and_o shall_v beat_v the_o same_o point_n of_o war_n and_o observe_v the_o same_o time_n that_o drum_n do_v that_o be_v next_o to_o the_o colonel_n or_o chief_a officer_n 5._o it_o be_v the_o office_n of_o a_o drum_n when_o any_o of_o the_o company_n be_v take_v prisoner_n to_o inquire_v after_o they_o and_o carry_v their_o ransom_n which_o he_o may_v do_v bold_o after_o he_o have_v receive_v a_o passport_n from_o the_o general_n or_o commander_n in_o chief_a of_o the_o army_n where_o the_o company_n be_v and_o when_o he_o shall_v come_v near_o any_o place_n of_o the_o enemy_n he_o must_v beat_v or_o sound_n thrice_o and_o not_o approach_v too_o near_o till_o he_o be_v by_o some_o of_o the_o enemy_n fetch_v in_o 6._o he_o be_v only_o to_o make_v his_o errand_n know_v and_o not_o to_o discover_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o place_n from_o whence_o he_o be_v send_v which_o may_v be_v prejudicial_a to_o he_o a_o military_a discourse_n whether_o it_o be_v better_a for_o england_n to_o give_v a_o invader_n present_a battle_n or_o to_o temporise_v and_o defer_v the_o same_o as_o it_o be_v familiar_a and_o common_a among_o man_n to_o be_v diverse_a and_o contrary_a in_o opinion_n especial_o in_o every_o doubtful_a and_o questionable_a matter_n according_a to_o the_o old_a say_n so_o many_o man_n so_o many_o mind_n every_o man_n must_v therefore_o prepare_v himself_o with_o a_o good_a and_o equal_a contentedness_n to_o endure_v what_o other_o do_v censure_n and_o judge_v of_o his_o position_n as_o either_o their_o reason_n shall_v lead_v they_o or_o their_o sense_n and_o humour_n carry_v they_o neither_o ought_v any_o man_n challenge_v great_a prerogative_n to_o his_o opinion_n than_o he_o bring_v with_o he_o authority_n of_o reason_n for_o the_o same_o and_o see_v that_o reason_n join_v with_o experience_n be_v the_o only_a guide_n to_o direct_v we_o in_o all_o affair_n of_o action_n whereunto_o all_o our_o opinion_n and_o judgement_n must_v be_v restrain_v we_o must_v submit_v our_o private_a conceit_n to_o be_v rule_v by_o reason_n and_o experience_n in_o thing_n of_o great_a importance_n and_o weight_n as_o it_o behove_v we_o to_o be_v very_o considerate_a before_o we_o resolve_v
be_v more_o likely_a to_o labour_v after_o victory_n not_o only_o for_o his_o liberty_n but_o for_o his_o good_n or_o estate_n as_o for_o those_o that_o be_v absolute_o necessitous_a they_o may_v have_v liberty_n promise_v by_o their_o enemy_n and_o so_o betray_v their_o trust_n again_o they_o will_v never_o take_v any_o soldier_n into_o their_o army_n but_o such_o as_o be_v well_o exercise_v beforehand_o and_o this_o do_v their_o work_n and_o obtain_v they_o victory_n against_o their_o enemy_n vegetius_n lib._n 1._o chap._n 8._o the_o private_a soldier_n duty_n be_v as_o follow_v whensoever_o he_o be_v command_v for_o service_n let_v he_o labour_n to_o be_v sober_a and_o patient_a endure_v all_o hardship_n and_o travel_n to_o know_v and_o observe_v all_o order_n military_a liv._o liv._o complete_o arm_v and_o expert_a in_o the_o use_n thereof_o horridum_fw-la militem_fw-la esse_fw-la decet_fw-la non_fw-la caelato_fw-la auro_fw-la argentóque_fw-la sed_fw-la ferro_fw-la it_o become_v a_o soldier_n best_o to_o appear_v terrible_a not_o to_o be_v garnish_v with_o gold_n and_o silver_n but_o with_o steel_n and_o soldier_n ought_v not_o only_o to_o be_v obedient_a to_o their_o captain_n but_o chief_o to_o love_n god_n and_o honour_v their_o king_n this_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o soldier_n in_o general_n there_o be_v two_o particular_a duty_n belong_v to_o he_o that_o be_v as_o a_o sentinel_n and_o a_o scout_n 2._o sentinel_n the_o further_a any_o sentinel_n be_v set_v from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o guard_n it_o be_v think_v necessary_a two_o shall_v be_v place_v and_o there_o they_o be_v to_o endeavour_v both_o to_o hear_v and_o see_v thereby_o to_o learn_v of_o their_o enemy_n what_o may_v be_v intend_v and_o what_o they_o have_v discover_v that_o whilst_o one_o go_v to_o certify_v the_o captain_n of_o the_o guard_n the_o other_o may_v stand_v fix_v and_o observe_v what_o else_o may_v happen_v in_o his_o fellow_n absence_n a_o sentinel_n must_v not_o alight_v from_o his_o horse_n unless_o it_o be_v for_o natural_a necessity_n and_o but_o one_o of_o they_o at_o once_o near_o to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o guard_n there_o may_v be_v place_v but_o a_o single_a sentinel_n to_o observe_v the_o move_n of_o the_o double_a if_o the_o distance_n be_v not_o too_o large_a if_o there_o be_v any_o other_o cross-way_n or_o advenue_n that_o each_o sentinel_n may_v see_v the_o other_o then_o there_o may_v be_v but_o a_o single_a set_v for_o they_o must_v know_v that_o they_o be_v set_v there_o only_o to_o certify_v the_o body_n of_o the_o guard_n concern_v the_o several_a occurrence_n that_o may_v happen_v suppose_v a_o sentinel_n shall_v be_v provoke_v by_o any_o advantageous_a affair_n it_o be_v resolve_v he_o must_v not_o stir_v a_o foot_n for_o that_o sentinel_n that_o shall_v by_o day_n or_o night_n remove_v from_o the_o place_n where_o he_o be_v set_v by_o his_o corporal_n before_o he_o shall_v be_v by_o he_o fetch_v off_o or_o relieve_v shall_v he_o punish_v with_o death_n 1._o polyb._n lib._n 1._o if_o the_o whole_a troop_n be_v upon_o the_o guard_n the_o lieutenant_n be_v to_o set_v forth_o the_o first_o sentinel_n with_o the_o corporal_n according_a to_o his_o directive_n command_v receive_v direction_n direction_n and_o to_o change_v they_o conduct_v they_o to_o his_o guard_n but_o the_o cornet_n be_v not_o to_o forsake_v his_o standard_n then_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o guard_n be_v to_o go_v the_o first_o round_n to_o see_v not_o only_o that_o all_o thing_n be_v safe_a but_o also_o whether_o thâ—se_a sentinel_n be_v vigilant_a and_o upon_o his_o return_n there_o be_v four_o other_o rounder_n to_o be_v send_v twice_o in_o a_o night_n to_o discover_v round_o the_o quarter_n observe_v that_o no_o sentinel_n be_v to_o have_v the_o word_n but_o officer_n and_o corporal_n 3._o scout_n they_o be_v not_o only_o to_o discover_v the_o highway_n but_o also_o to_o scour_v they_o they_o be_v to_o be_v of_o a_o number_n answerable_a to_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o guard_n for_o the_o hazard_n of_o they_o may_v prove_v dangerous_a both_o to_o a_o private_a guard_n or_o a_o army_n in_o general_n they_o be_v to_o give_v notice_n of_o the_o enemy_n motion_n of_o his_o approach_n and_o of_o the_o number_n of_o they_o that_o all_o sudden_a surprise_v may_v be_v prevent_v 4._o a_o provost_n martial_a for_o the_o badge_n of_o his_o office_n he_o be_v to_o have_v in_o his_o hand_n a_o staff_n or_o truncheon_n and_o have_v the_o same_o in_o his_o hand_n it_o be_v death_n for_o any_o soldier_n violent_o to_o lay_v hand_n on_o he_o all_o delinquent_n be_v to_o be_v deliver_v to_o he_o by_o the_o chief_a in_o command_n he_o be_v not_o to_o enter_v any_o quarter_n without_o the_o leave_n of_o the_o chief_a officer_n for_o any_o prisoner_n he_o be_v to_o clear_v all_o byway_n of_o soldier_n that_o no_o prejudice_n may_v be_v do_v by_o they_o in_o their_o march_n he_o be_v to_o see_v all_o order_n publish_v be_v due_o execute_v he_o must_v be_v a_o honest_a man_n and_o take_v no_o bribe_n 5._o a_o trumpeter_n aught_o to_o be_v a_o man_n skilful_a in_o all_o the_o sound_n of_o the_o trumpet_n distinct_o he_o ought_v to_o deliver_v all_o embassy_n etc._n etc._n he_o ought_v to_o observe_v the_o enemy_n work_n guard_n and_o soldier_n that_o he_o may_v give_v a_o good_a account_n thereof_o at_o his_o return_n and_o for_o the_o better_a performance_n thereof_o he_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o man_n witty_a and_o subtle_a and_o to_o manage_v it_o discreet_o he_o ought_v not_o in_o the_o least_o to_o discover_v any_o thing_n as_o may_v prejudice_v his_o own_o party_n he_o must_v not_o fail_v to_o sound_v the_o hour_n command_v one_o trumpet_n be_v to_o be_v with_o the_o cornet_n and_o he_o be_v to_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o captain_n for_o he_o who_o be_v to_o receive_v a_o list_n of_o the_o guard_n from_o the_o cornet_n and_o be_v private_o to_o warn_v the_o soldier_n thereof_o 6._o corporal_n in_o a_o troop_n of_o horse_n have_v be_v always_o allow_v to_o be_v of_o great_a use_n who_o ought_v to_o be_v of_o a_o civil_a carriage_n and_o stout_a spirit_n they_o be_v to_o be_v three_o or_o more_o according_a to_o the_o allowance_n of_o horse_n etc._n etc._n they_o be_v to_o be_v assistant_n to_o the_o lieutenant_n in_o place_v of_o the_o sentinel_n each_o in_o their_o several_a squadron_n when_o they_o be_v to_o perform_v duty_n if_o any_o party_n be_v to_o be_v send_v abroad_o either_o for_o discovery_n or_o to_o scour_v the_o highway_n a_o corporal_n be_v to_o be_v send_v with_o they_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o keep_v a_o list_n of_o his_o squadron_n 7._o a_o quartermaster_n aught_o to_o be_v a_o man_n of_o much_o fidelity_n in_o regard_n of_o distribute_v of_o the_o word_n and_o billet_n he_o be_v to_o have_v the_o command_n of_o the_o troop_n in_o the_o absence_n of_o his_o superior_a officer_n who_o in_o go_v to_o make_v his_o billet_n be_v to_o have_v a_o soldier_n along_o with_o he_o by_o the_o appointment_n of_o the_o lieutenant_n who_o be_v to_o return_v to_o the_o troop_n to_o conduct_v they_o to_o their_o quarter_n 8._o a_o cornet_n aught_o to_o be_v a_o man_n of_o gallant_a behaviour_n and_o undaunted_a courage_n his_o place_n in_o the_o troop_n upon_o a_o march_n be_v on_o the_o front_n of_o his_o own_o squadron_n and_o to_o take_v the_o standard_n himself_o march_v through_o any_o great_a town_n or_o city_n or_o when_o command_v or_o into_o the_o field_n with_o it_o fly_v and_o when_o any_o general_n shall_v appear_v in_o the_o field_n he_o be_v to_o drop_v the_o head_n of_o his_o standard_n towards_o the_o ground_n in_o obeisance_n to_o he_o his_o place_n when_o the_o troop_n be_v draw_v up_o to_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o be_v for_o to_o exercise_v upon_o the_o left_a of_o the_o captain_n somewhat_o behind_o the_o captain_n but_o in_o fight_n or_o skirmish_n he_o be_v to_o place_v himself_o in_o the_o first_o rank_n of_o his_o own_o squadron_n with_o his_o staff_n sunkt_v or_o slopt_z and_o in_o danger_n it_o be_v more_o honour_n to_o break_v his_o lance_n or_o staff_n himself_o then_o to_o suffer_v his_o standard_n to_o be_v break_v and_o take_v from_o he_o he_o be_v to_o keep_v a_o list_n of_o the_o troop_n and_o wait_v every_o day_n upon_o his_o superior_a officer_n and_o such_o soldier_n as_o his_o captain_n and_o lieutenant_n shall_v appoint_v he_o shall_v send_v to_o the_o guard_n in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o captain_n and_o lieutenant_n he_o be_v to_o command_v the_o troop_n 9_o for_o the_o lieutenant_n the_o rear_n be_v assign_v he_o for_o his_o place_n and_o be_v ancient_o call_v tregidux_n that_o be_v a_o rear_n commander_n and_o lieutenant_n be_v a_o french_a word_n signify_v one_o which_o
when_o he_o hear_v it_o sound_v in_o the_o field_n he_o must_v retire_v to_o they_o with_o all_o speed_n 4._o tucquet_n or_o march_n when_o this_o be_v sound_v he_o be_v present_o to_o march_v in_o which_o he_o be_v to_o observe_v his_o right-hand_a man_n and_o to_o follow_v after_o his_o leader_n 5._o charga_n or_o charge_n when_o this_o be_v sound_v by_z and_o with_o the_o example_n or_o direction_n of_o his_o commander_n the_o soldier_n be_v to_o give_v proof_n of_o his_o valour_n in_o the_o speedy_a charge_v of_o his_o enemy_n 6._o auquet_n or_o watch_n when_o this_o be_v sound_v at_o night_n the_o soldier_n be_v to_o repair_v to_o the_o place_n for_o mount_v of_o the_o guard_n for_o watch_n or_o at_o the_o morning_n for_o dismount_v of_o the_o guard_n i_o have_v read_v of_o another_o sound_n call_v attend_v ho_o for_o listen_v unto_o a_o call_n for_o summons_n a_o senate_n for_o state_n and_o the_o like_a this_o when_o sound_v the_o soldier_n be_v to_o hearken_v unto_o it_o that_o he_o may_v the_o better_o be_v able_a to_o perform_v those_o edict_n that_o shall_v be_v then_o command_v the_o three_o and_o last_o military_a sign_n be_v 3._o a_o mute_n that_o be_v by_o sign_n to_o the_o eye_n as_o by_o the_o cornet_n colour_n or_o other_o motion_n by_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o commander_n etc._n etc._n you_o see_v there_o be_v two_o principal_a sense_n of_o advertisement_n the_o ear_n and_o the_o eye_n the_o true_a observation_n and_o use_n of_o these_o sign_n avail_v much_o in_o war_n for_o he_o that_o be_v negligent_a in_o either_o may_v not_o only_o lose_v himself_o but_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o many_o other_o so_o that_o by_o be_v careless_a herein_o victory_n itself_o be_v often_o lose_v how_o careful_a ought_v every_o soldier_n then_o to_o be_v that_o by_o silence_n he_o may_v the_o better_o hearken_v to_o all_o command_n that_o by_o the_o vigilancy_n of_o his_o eye_n he_o may_v the_o better_o observe_v 5._o vide_fw-la chap._n 5._o every_o sign_n that_o may_v by_o give_v for_o vegetius_n say_v that_o nothing_o profit_v more_o to_o victory_n than_o to_o obey_v the_o admonition_n of_o sign_n chap._n v._o for_o the_o march_v and_o draw_v up_o of_o a_o troop_n of_o horse_n every_o troop_n of_o horse_n must_v be_v furnish_v with_o a_o captain_n lieutenant_z cornet_n and_o a_o quartermaster_n two_o trumpeter_n a_o clerk_n a_o saddler_n a_o chirurgeon_n and_o a_o farrier_n and_o every_o troop_n be_v usual_o divide_v into_o three_o equal_a part_n each_o of_o which_o be_v call_v a_o squadron_n and_o be_v several_o know_v by_o the_o captain_n be_v lieutenant_n and_n cornet_n squadron_n accord_o there_o be_v three_o corporal_n there_o be_v as_o great_a diversity_n of_o judgement_n almost_o as_o author_n about_o the_o place_n of_o some_o officer_n either_o in_o their_o marching_n of_o a_o single_a troop_n or_o be_v draw_v up_o into_o a_o battalion_n some_o will_v have_v the_o captain_n and_o one_o trumpet_n in_o the_o front_n then_o the_o cornet_n lead_v of_o his_o squadron_n and_o the_o three_o to_o be_v lead_v by_o the_o elder_a corporal_n and_o the_o junior_a corporal_n in_o the_o rear_n 26._o ward_n foe_o 26._o with_o the_o lieutenant_n who_o have_v the_o command_n of_o a_o trumpet_n with_o he_o markham_n vari_v something_o from_o this_o and_o but_o little_a only_o the_o two_o junior_a corporal_n to_o be_v extravagant_a in_o the_o march_n who_o be_v so_o order_v on_o purpose_n to_o keep_v the_o soldier_n in_o their_o rank_n and_o to_o be_v orderly_o in_o their_o march_n both_o ward_n and_o markham_n march_v six_o in_o file_n but_o ward_n march_v five_o in_o rank_n and_o markham_n four_o only_o other_o again_o differ_v in_o place_v of_o officer_n both_o in_o march_n and_o battalion_n as_o walhawsen_fw-mi will_v have_v the_o harquebuzier_n to_o march_v eight_o in_o file_n and_o the_o cuiraster_n ten_o in_o file_n but_o markham_n and_o ward_n be_v late_a discipliner_n in_o this_o art_n military_a i_o shall_v only_o insert_v two_o platform_n according_o these_o of_o markham_n and_o of_o captain_n ward_n be_v decipher_v six_o in_o file_n and_o a_o file_n so_o draw_v be_v distinguish_v according_a to_o their_o dignity_n of_o place_n a_o leader_n a_o follower_n two_o middleman_n a_o follower_n and_o a_o bringer_n up_o the_o ancient_a dignity_n of_o a_o file_n 1_o dignity_n of_o place_n 1_o h_n leader_n 2_o 5_o h_z follower_n 3_o 4_o h_z middle_a man_n to_o the_o front_n 4_o 3_o h_n middle_a man_n to_o the_o rear_n 5_o 6_o h_z follower_n 6_o 2_o h_o bringer_n up_o cruso_n exercise_v eight_o deep_a and_o therefore_o useless_a to_o our_o mode_n of_o fight_v for_o our_o custom_n be_v to_o make_v the_o horse_n but_o three_o in_o file_n i_o shall_v not_o stand_v to_o answer_v the_o objection_n on_o both_o side_n but_o shall_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o most_o expert_a in_o this_o art_n i_o conceive_v it_o enough_o that_o our_o late_a experience_n have_v teach_v otherwise_o and_o our_o present_a discipline_n be_v in_o practice_n to_o the_o contrary_a according_o here_o shall_v follow_v a_o troop_n of_o threescore_o horse_n march_v with_o each_o officer_n in_o his_o respective_a place_n and_o also_o the_o form_n of_o a_o troop_n draw_v up_o in_o a_o body_n and_o when_o you_o march_v through_o any_o city_n or_o town_n observe_v observe_v your_o pistol_n must_v be_v load_v and_o so_o fix_v that_o you_o may_v be_v in_o a_o readiness_n to_o fire_n when_o ever_o occasion_n may_v be_v offer_v and_o command_v give_v have_v one_o of_o your_o pistol_n draw_v forth_o of_o your_o holster_n mount_v your_o muzzel_v and_o rest_v the_o butt_n end_n thereof_o upon_o your_o thigh_n a_o troop_n march_v to_o our_o present_a mode_n a_o troop_n draw_v up_o in_o the_o march_n some_o place_n the_o quartermaster_n to_o lead_v up_o the_o lieutenant_n squadron_n and_o the_o two_o other_o corporal_n to_o be_v extravagant_a that_o be_v to_o view_v and_o see_v each_o soldier_n to_o keep_v his_o place_n 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foolishness_n but_o infortunate_a the_o word_n of_o command_n for_o the_o carabine_n all_o the_o carabine_n be_v drop_v let_v fall_n and_o hang_v by_o their_o swivell_n the_o posture_n be_v as_o follow_v silence_n be_v command_v 1._o handle_v your_o carabine_n posture_n posture_n 2._o mount_v your_o carabine_n pike_n some_o term_n this_o order_n and_o other_o against_o that_o because_o it_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o pike_n place_v your_o butt_n end_n upon_o your_o thigh_n 3._o rest_v your_o carabine_n in_o your_o bridle_n hand_n 4._o bend_v your_o cock_n to_o half_o bend_v 5._o guard_n or_o secure_a your_o cock_n 6._o prime_n your_o pan._n 7._o shut_v your_o pan_n or_o fix_v your_o hammer_n 8._o sink_v your_o carabine_n on_o your_o left_a side_n 9_o gage_n your_o flask_n 10._o lade_v your_o
military_a observation_n for_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o foot_n chap._n i._o by_o way_n of_o introduction_n have_v pass_v some_o few_o collective_n to_o the_o service_n of_o the_o horse_n i_o be_v desire_v to_o do_v the_o like_a for_o the_o foot_n figure_v out_o each_o command_n or_o platform_n after_o the_o proportion_n of_o six_o in_o file_n which_o be_v according_a to_o our_o late_a mode_n of_o discipline_n there_o have_v be_v many_o book_n write_v of_o this_o military_a art_n in_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o foot_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a but_o of_o our_o late_a writer_n i_o refer_v our_o new_a commission_v gentleman_n to_o the_o perusal_n of_o bingham_n hexham_n barrife_n and_o ward_n i_o will_v not_o have_v elton_n although_o a_o parliament_n officer_n whole_o to_o be_v lay_v aside_o for_o i_o have_v receive_v information_n of_o the_o great_a worth_n and_o part_n of_o the_o gentleman_n to_o they_o who_o experience_n have_v be_v their_o masterpiece_n i_o be_o silent_a 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i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o brief_a definition_n of_o a_o posture_n a_o posture_n be_v a_o mode_n or_o garb_n that_o we_o be_v fix_v unto_o in_o the_o well_o handle_v of_o our_o arm_n in_o which_o there_o be_v motion_n attendant_a unto_o the_o same_o for_o the_o better_a grace_n presuppose_v your_o company_n to_o be_v in_o the_o field_n and_o draw_v up_o in_o a_o ready_a way_n for_o exercise_n than_o the_o best_a way_n be_v to_o exercise_v they_o apart_o by_o draw_v of_o the_o body_n of_o pike_n from_o their_o musket_n that_o each_o may_v be_v exercise_v in_o their_o particular_a posture_n by_o themselves_o only_o there_o be_v some_o posture_n of_o the_o pike_n and_o musket_n which_o be_v answerable_a to_o each_o other_o by_o conformity_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v perform_v in_o a_o body_n or_o upon_o a_o march_n as_o occasion_n serve_v as_o for_o example_n in_o march_v all_o be_v to_o be_v shoulder_v in_o troop_v or_o in_o any_o other_o motion_n the_o pike_n be_v to_o be_v advance_v and_o the_o musket_n poise_v in_o port_v of_o the_o pike_n the_o musket_n to_o be_v rest_v in_o trail_a of_o the_o pike_n the_o musket_n to_o be_v reverse_v which_o be_v the_o funeral_n posture_n when_o the_o pike_n be_v cheeked_a the_o musket_n be_v to_o be_v rest_v at_o the_o sentinel_n posture_n when_o the_o musket_n be_v present_v to_o fire_n the_o pike_n be_v to_o be_v charge_v and_o when_o the_o pike_n be_v order_v most_o common_o especial_o in_o a_o stand_n or_o for_o exercise_n the_o butt_n end_n of_o the_o musket_n be_v to_o be_v set_v to_o the_o ground_n etc._n etc._n 〈◊〉_d be_v most_o proper_a for_o the_o captain_n to_o exercise_n the_o pike_n himself_o i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o he_o may_v exercise_v both_o as_o he_o ought_v sometime_o to_o do_v and_o the_o ensign_n and_o lieutenant_n be_v not_o to_o be_v negligent_a herein_o when_o they_o be_v command_v or_o in_o the_o absence_n of_o their_o superior_a officer_n the_o next_o for_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o pike_n in_o point_n of_o antiquity_n and_o honour_n the_o gentleman_n of_o the_o pike_n crave_v the_o precedency_n i_o have_v declare_v in_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o horse_n what_o a_o excellent_a virtue_n silence_n be_v which_o ought_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o be_v command_v and_o most_o diligent_o observe_v the_o body_n of_o pike_n from_o their_o march_n and_o stand_v all_o shoulder_v command_v as_o follow_v 1._o order_n your_o pike_n to_o your_o 1._o open_a 2._o close_a order_n this_o aught_o to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o always_o upon_o a_o stand_n and_o in_o the_o daytime_n it_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o sentinel_n posture_n and_o for_o the_o abatement_n of_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o horse_n have_v the_o butt_n end_n of_o the_o pike_n on_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o right_a foot_n charge_v then_o to_o the_o horse_n draw_v your_o sword_n over_o your_o left_a arm_n have_v your_o pike_n in_o your_o left_a hand_n you_o may_v then_o receive_v they_o by_o command_v either_o to_o charge_v to_o the_o front_n right_o left_n rear_n 1._o order_n your_o pike_n 2._o put_v up_o your_o sword_n this_o be_v only_o useful_a upon_o a_o stand_n of_o pike_n and_o by_o some_o able_a soldier_n it_o be_v not_o think_v to_o be_v the_o secure_a charge_v against_o the_o horse_n or_o of_o strength_n to_o make_v the_o great_a resistance_n in_o their_o full_a career_n therefore_o it_o have_v be_v think_v fit_a to_o be_v most_o convenient_a to_o close_v your_o file_n to_o your_o close_a order_n and_o rank_n close_v forward_o and_o be_v thus_o sement_v as_o it_o be_v will_v be_v the_o better_a able_a to_o ward_v any_o resistance_n from_o your_o order_n advance_v shoulder_n port_n comport_v cheek_n trail_v your_o pike_n order_n as_o you_o be_v from_o your_o order_n charge_n to_o the_o front_n right_o left_n rear_n order_n as_o you_o be_v 2._o advance_v your_o pike_n this_o be_v useful_a upon_o all_o occasion_n when_o the_o drum_n shall_v beat_v a_o troop_n it_o be_v also_o useful_a in_o all_o motion_n of_o doubling_n etc._n etc._n only_o remember_v when_o they_o be_v reduce_v they_o put_v themselves_o or_o be_v command_v into_o the_o same_o posture_n the_o stand_a party_n be_v in_o from_o your_o advance_n shoulder_v port_n comport_v cheek_n trail_v your_o pike_n advance_v as_o you_o be_v from_o your_o advance_n charge_v to_o the_o front_n right_o left_n reer_n advance_v as_o you_o be_v 3._o shoulder_v your_o pike_n this_o be_v useful_a and_o most_o proper_a upon_o a_o march_n it_o be_v useful_a in_o time_n of_o fight_n provide_v the_o pike_n be_v upon_o a_o stand_n for_o it_o do_v not_o only_o preserve_v the_o pike_n from_o shatter_v but_o the_o soldier_n also_o from_o your_o shoulder_n port_n comport_v cheek_n trail_n your_o pike_n shoulder_n as_o
division_n yet_o he_o be_v there_o misplace_v for_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n in_o the_o second_o and_o three_o opinion_n as_o you_o place_v the_o colonel_n in_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o file_n leader_n the_o lieutenant_n colonel_n have_v his_o dignity_n in_o the_o place_n of_o a_o bringer_n up_o the_o major_a in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o half_a file_n leader_n the_o first_o captain_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o bringer_n up_o to_o the_o front_n half-file_n thus_o far_o all_o three_o joint_o go_v together_o and_o because_o there_o be_v no_o difference_n in_o number_n of_o man_n but_o equal_a in_o both_o party_n they_o need_v not_o stand_v so_o much_o upon_o a_o equal_a opposement_n but_o that_o the_o second_o captain_n numb_a 5._o may_v have_v his_o just_a place_n of_o honour_n immediate_o next_o unto_o his_o colonel_n if_o it_o be_v not_o for_o this_o mode_n of_o dignity_n according_a unto_o a_o file_n in_o the_o march_n of_o a_o regiment_n and_o so_o unto_o a_o rank_n in_o a_o body_n i_o may_v as_o well_o and_o better_o require_v satisfaction_n the_o number_n of_o each_o company_n be_v equal_a in_o soldier_n why_o there_o may_v not_o be_v two_o field_n officer_n in_o the_o colonel_n division_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o lieutenant_n colonel_n which_o i_o leave_v to_o better_a judgement_n for_o the_o proof_n of_o my_o assertion_n as_o join_v with_o barrife_n ward_n and_o other_o in_o apoint_v the_o second_o captain_n who_o be_v the_o five_o place_n of_o honour_n next_o to_o the_o file_n leader_n or_o next_o to_o the_o colonel_n own_o company_n both_o in_o rank_n and_o file_n 17._o bar._n pa._n 17._o 1._o the_o file_n leader_n ought_v to_o be_v the_o worthy_a because_o he_o have_v the_o command_n of_o his_o file_n and_o march_v first_o against_o the_o enemy_n 2._o the_o bringer_n up_o aught_o to_o be_v the_o second_o place_n of_o honour_n because_o his_o place_n of_o march_n be_v in_o the_o rear_n and_o be_v in_o most_o danger_n shall_v the_o enemy_n charge_v on_o that_o part_n 3._o the_o half_a file_n leader_n be_v the_o three_o place_n of_o honour_n because_o when_o the_o front_n half_a file_n be_v take_v off_o upon_o any_o occasion_n he_o be_v the_o leader_n unless_o he_o be_v command_v to_o face_n about_o 4._o the_o last_o man_n or_o bringer_n up_o of_o the_o front_n half_a file_n be_v the_o four_o man_n in_o dignity_n for_o so_o he_o be_v when_o the_o rear_n division_n be_v take_v of_o 5._o the_o next_o man_n to_o the_o file_n leader_n have_v the_o five_o place_n of_o honour_n for_o one_o double_v bring_v he_o into_o the_o front_n 6._o the_o sixth_o place_n of_o honour_n be_v before_o the_o bringer_n up_o for_o if_o the_o body_n be_v face_v about_o one_o double_v bring_v he_o into_o that_o accidental_a front_n or_o keep_v of_o his_o proper_a front_n by_o once_o double_v he_o become_v bringer_n up_o to_o the_o file_n leader_n 7._o the_o seven_o dignity_n of_o place_n be_v he_o who_o march_v next_o after_o the_o half_a file_n leader_n 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read_v that_o the_o prince_n of_o greece_n aid_v by_o the_o despote_n or_o duke_n of_o bulgaria_n do_v revolt_v against_o john_n paleologus_fw-la at_o that_o time_n emperor_n of_o constantinople_n who_o for_o his_o safety_n against_o those_o revolter_n enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o amurat_n the_o first_o and_o three_o king_n of_o the_o house_n of_o ottoman_a and_o have_v his_o assistance_n with_o ten_o thousand_o of_o his_o horseman_n who_o by_o their_o good_a order_n and_o well_o discipline_v soldier_n do_v prevail_v against_o his_o revolter_n and_o bring_v they_o to_o obedience_n but_o what_o follow_v amurat_n be_v inform_v of_o the_o great_a riches_n those_o grecian_n have_v together_o with_o their_o weakness_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o disorder_n in_o military_a affair_n transport_v a_o army_n over_o the_o asian_a sea_n into_o greece_n and_o by_o that_o invasion_n take_v many_o city_n and_o town_n and_o do_v afterward_o by_o battle_n slay_v the_o duke_n of_o bulgaria_n and_o servia_n with_o many_o other_o etc._n etc._n and_o there_o place_v himself_o over_o a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o dominion_n so_o about_o fourscore_o year_n after_o mahomet_n the_o second_o emperor_n of_o the_o turk_n see_v constantine_n paleologus_fw-la then_o emperor_n of_o constantinople_n without_o any_o settle_a militia_n and_o his_o people_n grow_v luxurious_a and_o not_o able_a to_o resist_v he_o by_o battle_n do_v in_o the_o year_n 1453._o besiege_v the_o imperial_a city_n of_o constantinople_n who_o within_o two_o month_n by_o assault_n win_v the_o say_a city_n and_o put_v the_o emperor_n empress_n and_o their_o young_a prince_n with_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o man_n woman_n and_o child_n to_o the_o sword_n i_o may_v give_v a_o great_a many_o more_o instance_n as_o to_o our_o own_o country_n from_o the_o saxon_n to_o the_o norman_n and_o what_o history_n speak_v late_a of_o ourselves_o i_o must_v leave_v that_o to_o our_o reformer_n to_o consider_v how_o useful_a and_o necessary_a the_o exercise_n of_o arm_n be_v to_o the_o welfare_n of_o a_o nation_n and_o people_n the_o emperor_n alexander_n severus_n that_o excellent_a prince_n be_v very_o skilful_a in_o government_n both_o in_o war_n and_o peace_n speak_v to_o his_o man_n of_o war_n say_v the_o military_a discipline_n of_o our_o ancestor_n do_v maintain_v and_o preserve_v out_o state_n and_o commonwealth_n but_o if_o we_o do_v neglect_v the_o same_o and_o make_v no_o account_n of_o the_o order_n and_o exercise_n of_o it_o we_o our_o name_n and_o reputation_n of_o roman_n and_o therewith_o all_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v lose_v and_o forget_v though_o the_o frequent_a use_n of_o arm_n in_o exercise_n be_v most_o commendable_a because_o of_o the_o special_a help_n it_o have_v in_o make_v we_o fit_a and_o serviceable_a instrument_n of_o the_o public_a welfare_n yet_o i_o advise_v it_o with_o these_o caution_n first_o have_v a_o respect_n to_o your_o particular_a call_v god_n almighty_a feed_v we_o as_o well_o as_o defend_v we_o so_o if_o any_o man_n under_o pretence_n of_o his_o exercise_n shall_v waste_v his_o time_n and_o mean_n to_o the_o damage_n or_o undo_n of_o his_o family_n i_o say_v such_o will_v bring_v a_o scandal_n and_o a_o ill_a report_n upon_o this_o worthy_a design_n he_o that_o will_v manage_v his_o country_n affair_n with_o delight_n and_o profit_n to_o his_o preservation_n and_o not_o to_o his_o ruin_n and_o destruction_n must_v imitate_v those_o builder_n under_o nehemiah_n who_o hold_v their_o sword_n in_o one_o hand_n and_o their_o trowel_n in_o the_o other_o so_o mind_v your_o military_a exercise_n as_o not_o to_o forget_v your_o necessary_a affair_n at_o home_n without_o your_o dependence_n be_v whole_o upon_o it_o then_o to_o mind_n nothing_o more_o yet_o second_o to_o have_v such_o a_o intent_n upon_o their_o private_a and_o particular_a concernment_n make_v they_o unfit_a for_o employment_n as_o to_o impede_fw-la they_o in_o the_o seek_v the_o public_a good_a or_o make_v themselves_o the_o main_a end_n of_o their_o enterprise_n in_o what_o they_o undertake_v do_v degenerate_a so_o much_o from_o be_v true_a soldier_n as_o to_o dishonour_v themselves_o in_o all_o their_o service_n and_o will_v be_v the_o sole_a jet_n to_o hinder_v preferment_n when_o it_o shall_v fall_v and_o last_o sparta_n soldier_n i_o have_v read_v be_v sparta_n wall_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o concord_n and_o unity_n among_o themselves_o therefore_o let_v every_o soldier_n respective_o preserve_v unity_n in_o the_o bond_n of_o peace_n and_o in_o so_o do_v we_o shall_v be_v the_o better_a able_a to_o pray_v with_o our_o church_n to_o give_v peace_n in_o our_o time_n o_o lord_n for_o there_o be_v none_o that_o fight_v for_o we_o but_o only_o thou_o o_o god_n chap._n xxiv_o conclusion_n i_o humble_o crave_v pardon_n for_o what_o be_v here_o undertake_v know_v my_o
divide_v into_o many_o body_n yet_o do_v they_o not_o carry_v several_a ensign_n but_o every_o body_n the_o ensign_n of_o his_o own_o tribe_n so_o that_o company_n be_v not_o distinguish_v by_o their_o captain_n or_o chief_n but_o by_o their_o tribe_n nor_o can_v they_o say_v there_o go_v such_o a_o particular_a commander_n but_o there_o be_v such_o a_o tribe_n not_o there_o march_v aaron_n but_o there_o march_v the_o tribe_n of_o levi_n and_o thus_o of_o the_o rest_n hence_o and_o from_o this_o ground_n be_v take_v up_o the_o use_n of_o the_o ensign_n or_o banner_n of_o kingdom_n by_o which_o several_a army_n display_v to_o the_o world_n their_o several_a nation_n as_o with_o we_o in_o england_n we_o have_v the_o ensign_n of_o st._n george_n as_o we_o term_v it_o which_o be_v a_o bloody_a cross_n in_o a_o white_a field_n which_o show_v to_o the_o world_n not_o what_o private_a company_n i_o follow_v but_o what_o king_n i_o serve_v and_o what_o country_n i_o acknowledge_v for_o 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the_o grecian_n and_o macedonian_n for_o alexander_n be_v suppose_v to_o reign_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o maccabee_n they_o take_v to_o themselves_o a_o lawful_a imitation_n thereof_o and_o so_o command_v their_o captain_n etc._n etc._n to_o carry_v in_o their_o ensign_n device_n in_o honour_n of_o their_o renown_n and_o conquest_n then_o from_o the_o imitation_n of_o the_o grecian_n the_o roman_n take_v to_o themselves_o the_o carriage_n of_o ensign_n and_o because_o they_o find_v it_o the_o chief_a beauty_n and_o ornament_n of_o army_n they_o make_v it_o therefore_o the_o noble_a and_o rich_a spoil_n which_o can_v possible_o be_v take_v away_o from_o the_o enemy_n and_o so_o make_v it_o a_o hereditary_a right_n for_o any_o man_n that_o shall_v take_v in_o honourable_a fashion_n such_o spoil_n ever_o after_o to_o bear_v they_o as_o his_o own_o to_o he_o and_o his_o posterity_n for_o ever_o the_o roman_n first_o bring_v this_o custom_n into_o the_o monarchy_n of_o great_a britain_n when_o caesar_n first_o invade_v and_o get_v footing_n into_o the_o same_o howsoever_o there_o be_v a_o opinion_n take_v that_o brute_n when_o he_o first_o conquer_v this_o island_n bring_v in_o the_o trojan_a ensign_n and_o other_o ornament_n of_o their_o war_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o through_o civil_a dissension_n and_o other_o foreign_a combustion_n all_o these_o honourable_a mark_n be_v lose_v and_o forget_v and_o only_o the_o roman_n renew_v and_o bring_v they_o back_o unto_o memory_n partly_o by_o their_o glory_n and_o example_n and_o partly_o by_o their_o loss_n when_o they_o be_v repulse_v back_o who_o leave_v behind_o they_o many_o of_o these_o spoil_n to_o adorn_v the_o britain_n from_o these_o time_n have_v the_o use_n of_o ensign_n remain_v among_o we_o and_o as_o the_o age_n have_v succeed_v and_o prove_v wise_a and_o wise_a and_o one_o time_n more_o than_o another_o so_o have_v the_o alteration_n of_o these_o emblem_n or_o ensign_n change_v and_o bring_v themselves_o into_o the_o form_n wherein_o they_o be_v at_o this_o instant_n carry_v as_o the_o roman_n vary_a from_o the_o old_a britain_n so_o the_o saxon_n from_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o dane_n from_o the_o saxon_n but_o the_o french_a then_o be_v the_o most_o refine_a nation_n of_o all_o other_o alter_v from_o they_o all_o and_o now_o the_o english_a have_v alter_v all_o into_o this_o present_a mode_n of_o uniformity_n they_o may_v display_v they_o to_o the_o world_n for_o their_o gallantry_n chap._n ii_o the_o definition_n of_o ensign_n after_o the_o original_a antiquity_n and_o first_o beginning_n have_v be_v endeavour_v to_o be_v make_v to_o appear_v i_o shall_v now_o descend_v to_o the_o definition_n and_o distinction_n of_o they_o and_o by_o what_o proper_a name_n they_o be_v call_v in_o the_o best_a and_o most_o renown_a war_n of_o christendom_n and_o for_o what_o reason_n they_o have_v hold_v and_o retain_v they_o to_o begin_v with_o the_o first_o and_o most_o ancient_a name_n belong_v to_o ensign_n i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o borrow_v it_o from_o the_o roman_n for_o although_o the_o hebrew_n chaldean_n and_o grecian_n be_v the_o first_o inventor_n yet_o the_o name_n and_o attribute_n they_o give_v they_o be_v much_o incertain_a and_o unconstant_a and_o as_o the_o experience_n of_o war_n grow_v great_a and_o as_o the_o invention_n dilate_a and_o spread_v further_o so_o do_v the_o signification_n alter_v for_o what_o be_v proper_a and_o substantial_a in_o this_o age_n in_o the_o next_o be_v utter_o lose_v and_o forget_v so_o as_o i_o shall_v not_o rest_v upon_o these_o title_n or_o signification_n the_o first_o than_o that_o retain_v a_o constant_a and_o firm_a settle_a name_n for_o those_o trophy_n of_o honour_n be_v take_v to_o be_v the_o roman_n who_o indeed_o be_v the_o great_a schoolmaster_n in_o the_o art_n of_o war_n be_v the_o most_o worthy_a to_o be_v hold_v for_o imitation_n or_o authority_n the_o name_n which_o the_o roman_n first_o give_v to_o the_o ensign_n or_o he_o that_o carry_v the_o ensign_n for_o to_o the_o man_n be_v ever_o attribute_v the_o content_n of_o the_o thing_n he_o carry_v be_v insigne_fw-la or_o sign_n bear_v and_o so_o ensign-bearer_n because_o they_o carry_v in_o those_o ensign_n mark_n empressaes_n or_o emblem_n best_a agree_v with_o their_o nature_n and_o condition_n according_a to_o their_o own_o invention_n or_o else_o the_o pourtraicture_n of_o their_o former_a battle_n and_o conquest_n either_o of_o which_o be_v so_o honourable_a that_o indeed_o they_o be_v make_v hereditary_a descend_v down_o to_o their_o child_n from_o generation_n to_o generation_n and_o no_o more_o be_v call_v sign_n etc._n etc._n but_o coat-armour_n or_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o family_n nor_o be_v they_o of_o slight_a or_o ordinary_a esteem_n as_o at_o first_o neither_o have_v man_n liberty_n any_o long_a to_o make_v election_n of_o they_o at_o their_o own_o will_n but_o this_o power_n be_v incabinate_v within_o the_o breast_n of_o emperor_n king_n and_o general_n who_o indeed_o under_o god_n be_v the_o unbounded_a ocean_n of_o honour_n they_o only_o have_v the_o liberty_n of_o bestow_v and_o confirm_v honour_n at_o their_o own_o pleasure_n hence_o it_o come_v that_o ensign_n thus_o carry_v of_o coat-armour_n be_v of_o such_o reverend_a esteem_n that_o man_n take_v it_o for_o the_o honourable_a place_n that_o may_v be_v to_o fall_v near_o or_o about_o the_o ensign_n and_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o it_o no_o hazard_n can_v be_v too_o great_a nor_o any_o torment_n insupportable_a so_o that_o many_o time_n the_o zeal_n of_o those_o that_o do_v defend_v these_o ensign_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o inflame_a desire_n or_o greediness_n of_o those_o which_o seek_v to_o conquer_v and_o achieve_v they_o be_v so_o immeasurable_a and_o unbounded_a that_o a_o infinite_a of_o blood_n have_v be_v shed_v and_o many_o powerful_a army_n overthrow_v only_o for_o the_o purchase_n of_o one_o of_o these_o honourable_a trophy_n this_o when_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o roman_n perceive_v and_o that_o those_o insignias_n be_v not_o bugbears_a to_o affright_v but_o rather_o fire_n which_o do_v inflame_v their_o enemy_n courage_n beyond_o their_o proper_a nature_n they_o forthwith_o forbid_v the_o carry_v of_o any_o coat-armour_n or_o device_n in_o their_o ensign_n but_o only_o such_o slight_a invention_n as_o may_v not_o make_v the_o enemy_n much_o the_o rich_a by_o the_o enjoyment_n thereof_o nor_o themselves_o much_o the_o poor_a by_o the_o loss_n and_o hence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o word_n insignia_fw-la be_v put_v out_o of_o use_n and_o they_o then_o call_v the_o ensign_n antesignia_fw-la and_o make_v other_o device_n contrary_a to_o all_o coat-armour_n intimate_v to_o the_o enemy_n that_o whatsoever_o they_o get_v by_o those_o purchase_n be_v dishonourable_a rather_o than_o any_o way_n worthy_a of_o
to_o be_v 4._o when_o the_o company_n be_v draw_v up_o into_o a_o body_n the_o colour_n must_v be_v fly_v and_o by_o the_o way_n in_o case_n the_o general_n or_o supreme_a of_o the_o war_n or_o any_o noble_a stranger_n worthy_a of_o respect_n do_v come_v immediate_o upon_o his_o or_o their_o approach_n the_o ensign-bearer_n in_o all_o humility_n be_v to_o bow_v the_o head_n of_o his_o colour_n wave_v they_o with_o the_o bow_n of_o his_o body_n and_o to_o raise_v both_o it_o and_o himself_o up_o again_o and_o as_o the_o say_a person_n shall_v pass_v away_o the_o drum_n shall_v beat_v and_o the_o colour_n shall_v be_v display_v this_o also_o the_o ensign_n shall_v do_v in_o all_o marching_n or_o other_o motion_n of_o civil_a exercise_n where_o your_o superior_n pass_v by_o you_o or_o you_o by_o they_o nay_o it_o be_v expedient_a and_o fit_a so_o to_o be_v do_v to_o any_o gentleman_n that_o be_v your_o familiar_a for_o it_o be_v no_o more_o but_o as_o the_o vail_n of_o your_o hat_n or_o 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than_o 60_o degree_n for_o experience_n have_v teach_v we_o that_o such_o a_o one_o will_v suffice_v 10._o a_o right_a angle_n for_o the_o bulwark_n be_v the_o best_a but_o to_o gain_v it_o you_o must_v not_o omit_v or_o cut_v away_o too_o much_o of_o the_o second_o flanque_fw-fr 11._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o flanque_n and_o courtine_n c_o a_o k_o fig._n 6_o must_v always_o be_v a_o right_a angle_n for_o so_o as_o well_o the_o courtine_n as_o the_o face_n will_v be_v more_o large_o flanque_v and_o defend_v and_o consequent_o more_o sure_a and_o commodious_a and_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o face_n and_o flanque_n will_v be_v big_a and_o therefore_o strong_a 12._o let_v the_o gorge_n or_o neck-line_n a_o c_o f_o h_n be_v large_a fig._n 6_o lest_o the_o bulwark_n be_v straighten_a 13._o let_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o bulwark_n be_v such_o as_o may_v receive_v a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o arm_a man_n and_o yield_v room_n enough_o for_o the_o traverse_v gun_n and_o perform_v other_o 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chief_o that_o flourish_v in_o the_o former_a age_n do_v order_v such_o a_o distance_n for_o the_o bastion_n that_o the_o fichant_n line_n or_o the_o long_a line_n of_o defence_n shall_v not_o a_o little_a exceed_v a_o musket_n shoot_v the_o reason_n they_o bring_v be_v that_o the_o place_n may_v better_o be_v defend_v with_o great_a gun_n than_o with_o musket_n and_o therefore_o because_o great_a gun_n can_v be_v so_o well_o level_v against_o a_o enemy_n that_o be_v near_a they_o require_v a_o great_a distance_n for_o their_o bulwork_n and_o so_o the_o charge_n will_v be_v the_o less_o the_o town_n be_v defend_v with_o few_o bulwork_n but_o this_o way_n by_o all_o modern_a ingineer_n be_v neglect_v who_o with_o one_o consent_n remove_v the_o bulwork_n to_o such_o a_o distance_n that_o the_o fichant_n line_n may_v be_v measure_v with_o a_o musquet-shot_a what_o reason_n our_o former_a architect_n bring_v for_o their_o opinion_n be_v plain_o none_o at_o all_o for_o both_o by_o reason_n and_o experience_n it_o be_v evident_a town_n may_v be_v better_o defend_v with_o musket_n than_o with_o cannon_n for_o the_o use_n of_o great_a gun_n be_v very_o costly_a slow_a difficult_a the_o execution_n they_o do_v very_o rare_a and_o uncertain_a so_o that_o it_o be_v become_v a_o proverb_n he_o be_v curse_v in_o his_o mother_n belly_n that_o be_v kill_v with_o a_o cannon_n bullet_n and_o if_o a_o great_a gun_n shall_v be_v make_v useless_a by_o be_v dismount_v or_o by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o gunner_n or_o some_o other_o mischance_n all_o the_o flanque_a defence_n be_v lose_v to_o the_o great_a encouragement_n of_o the_o besieger_n on_o the_o contrary_a the_o use_n of_o musket_n be_v not_o costly_a but_o easy_a ready_a quick_a and_o sure_a for_o who_o will_v deny_v that_o a_o enemy_n may_v not_o better_o be_v beat_v off_o with_o a_o thousand_o small_a shot_n than_o one_o great_a gun_n a_o thing_n so_o clear_a need_v no_o more_o argument_n therefore_o let_v stand_v what_o we_o 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ought_v with_o our_o chief_a care_n to_o help_v it_o fig._n 7_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o bulwork_n in_o the_o first_o the_o face_n g_o v_o c_o produce_v fall_v upon_o the_o end_n of_o the_o courtine_n f_o for_o which_o reason_n the_o face_n g_o c_o can_v only_o be_v defend_v from_o the_o flanque_n of_o the_o bulwark_n fig._n 5_o in_o the_o second_o form_n of_o bulwark_n the_o face_n g_o f_o produce_v do_v not_o fall_v upon_o the_o end_n of_o the_o courtine_n but_o in_o another_o point_n of_o it_o x_o so_o that_o it_o leave_v out_o a_o part_n of_o the_o courtine_n x_o b_o which_o be_v call_v the_o flanque_n of_o the_o courtine_n from_o which_o the_o face_n may_v be_v as_o well_o defend_v and_o scour_v as_o from_o the_o flanque_n of_o the_o bulwark_n b_o c._n the_o first_o they_o follow_v that_o will_v have_v the_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n a_o right_a angle_n in_o all_o figure_n above_o a_o pentagon_n the_o latter_a the_o dutch_a first_o receive_v and_o make_v use_v of_o who_o 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strong_a part_n of_o the_o fortification_n shall_v be_v long_o than_o the_o weak_a yet_o do_v not_o extend_v the_o courtine_n so_o far_o as_o to_o make_v the_o fichant_n line_n above_o musquet-shot_a for_o that_o be_v against_o the_o 5_o rule_n the_o fit_a proportion_n will_v be_v if_o with_o dogen_n or_o fritach_n you_o give_v it_o 432_o foot_n or_o with_o goldman_n 480_o foot_n the_o 9th_o and_o 10_o cannon_n treat_v of_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n where_o a_o right_a angle_n be_v prefer_v before_o any_o other_o provide_v it_o do_v not_o too_o much_o obstruct_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o rule_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o rule_n you_o must_v note_v that_o right_a and_o obtuse_a angle_n do_v resist_v the_o
line_n 87_o s_n v_n do_v represent_v the_o width_n of_o the_o ditch_n or_o moat_n that_o wash_v the_o bulwark_n which_o you_o must_v always_o understand_v when_o there_o shall_v any_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o width_n of_o the_o ditch_n chap._n viii_o wherein_o be_v determine_v the_o orthographical_a dimension_n or_o the_o profile_v of_o fortification_n and_o first_o those_o of_o the_o rampar_n and_o brestwork_n raise_v upon_o the_o rampar_n the_o sole_a and_o main_a business_n of_o the_o delineation_n hitherto_o expound_v be_v true_o to_o constitute_v or_o form_v the_o rampart_n circumference_n complete_v with_o face_n flanque_n and_o courtine_n which_o indeed_o be_v the_o fundamental_a &_o principal_a work_n of_o all_o martial_a structure_n but_o now_o to_o prescribe_v the_o dimension_n of_o the_o rampar_n itself_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o its_o part_n as_o to_o their_o height_n and_o thickness_n be_v the_o business_n of_o orthography_n every_o fortification_n consist_v 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indeed_o they_o spoil_v the_o whole_a defence_n and_o betray_v the_o town_n to_o the_o enemy_n and_o lest_o so_o great_a mischief_n may_v be_v have_v gratis_o the_o treasury_n must_v be_v also_o drain_v to_o obtain_v it_o the_o fault_n of_o high_a rampart_n consist_v chief_o in_o this_o that_o they_o shelter_v the_o enemy_n when_o he_o draw_v near_o they_o from_o the_o shot_n of_o the_o townsman_n this_o to_o its_o own_o great_a loss_n breda_n have_v teach_v we_o when_o it_o be_v last_o besiege_v by_o the_o hollander_n prince_n maurice_n have_v fortify_v this_o town_n with_o great_a care_n and_o expense_n so_o that_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v reckon_v one_o of_o the_o compleat_a fortification_n of_o europe_n but_o the_o height_n of_o the_o rampar_n flatter_v his_o sight_n as_o i_o say_v deceive_v he_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o breda_n be_v afterward_o besiege_v by_o frederick_n mauritius_n his_o brother_n be_v not_o able_a from_o their_o high_a rampar_n with_o all_o their_o cannon_n 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station_n than_o from_o a_o high_a one_o for_o let_v there_o be_v two_o height_n a_o b_o the_o big_a a_o c_o the_o lesser_a and_o let_v the_o line_n d_o e_z at_o the_o height_n of_o a_o man_n stand_v perpendicular_a upon_o the_o horizon_n now_o it_o be_v clear_v the_o line_n or_o shot_n which_o be_v direct_v from_o c_o to_o e_z shall_v fall_v beyond_o that_o line_n or_o shot_n which_o shall_v be_v direct_v from_o b_o to_z e_z and_o intercept_v a_o large_a space_n on_o the_o earth_n d_o f_o whereas_o the_o other_o from_o b_o passing_z through_z e_z intercept_v only_o the_o space_n d_o g_o therefore_o more_o ground_n may_v be_v scour_v from_o a_o low_a place_n than_o from_o a_o high_a but_o perhaps_o those_o that_o be_v the_o patron_n of_o high_a rampart_n will_v say_v they_o can_v be_v so_o easy_o climb_v and_o that_o the_o enemy_n approach_n may_v better_o be_v discover_v from_o they_o i_o answer_v the_o inconvenience_n now_o allege_v must_v prevail_v for_o a_o ordinary_a height_n will_v sufficient_o hinder_v the_o ascent_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o for_o discover_v his_o approach_n you_o may_v raise_v cavalier_n in_o the_o bulwork_n iii_o the_o height_n be_v determine_v therefore_o let_v not_o the_o height_n of_o the_o rampar_n exceed_v 18_o rhynland_a foot_n nor_o be_v less_o than_o 10_o foot_n for_o this_o will_v expose_v the_o city_n to_o the_o enemy_n shot_n the_o other_o suffice_v more_o will_v make_v you_o fall_v into_o the_o error_n speak_v of_o before_o in_o the_o second_o number_n engineer_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o several_a magnitude_n of_o fortification_n prescribe_v several_a height_n but_o mere_o by_o guess_n in_o iu._n v._o vi_o vii_o viii_o etc._n etc._n the_o height_n of_o the_o rampar_n foot_n 12._o 14._o 15._o 16._o 18_o if_o hill_n shall_v hangover_v the_o town_n you_o must_v not_o for_o that_o reason_n raise_v your_o rampar_n above_o 18_o foot_n but_o raise_v cavalier_n in_o your_o bulwork_n or_o praeoccupate_v those_o high_a place_n with_o outwork_n iv_o the_o talu_n of_o the_o rampar_n or_o line_n form_v the_o slope_n the_o rampar_n must_v be_v so_o build_v that_o both_o without_o and_o within_o it_o may_v be_v slope_v for_o a_o body_n of_o earth_n can_v like_v a_o wall_n rise_v to_o a_o perpendicle_n 8._o fig._n 8._o the_o inward_a talu_n a_n b_o must_v be_v always_o equal_a to_o the_o height_n b_o l_o that_o upon_o any_o sudden_a occasion_n the_o soldier_n may_v easy_o run_v up_o to_o their_o rampar_n the_o outward_a talu_n e_o f_o be_v most_o common_o half_a the_o height_n and_o it_o will_v be_v requisite_a to_o make_v it_o less_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v firm_a if_o the_o ground_n be_v very_o loose_a it_o may_v be_v make_v equal_a to_o two_o three_o of_o the_o height_n but_o if_o the_o outward_a talu_n be_v too_o big_a it_o give_v the_o enemy_n a_o easy_a ascent_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o memorable_a take_n of_o the_o fort_n of_o schenkin_n v._o the_o upper_a thickness_n of_o the_o rampar_n 8._o fig._n 8._o the_o upper_a thickness_n of_o the_o rampar_n l_o 3_o must_v not_o be_v only_o such_o be_v may_v bear_v the_o force_n of_o cannon_n but_o aught_o to_o be_v so_o big_a that_o after_o its_o brestwork_n be_v set_v on_o who_o low_a thickness_n must_v be_v 24_o foot_n else_o not_o cannon_n proof_n together_o with_o the_o step_n or_o banquet_n d_o 4_o three_o foot_n broad_a yet_o it_o may_v also_o have_v remain_v a_o plain_a or_o walk_v call_v in_o french_a terreplein_n 4_o l_o large_a enough_o for_o the_o traverse_v great_a gun_n therefore_o it_o will_v be_v most_o a_o end_n 51_o or_o 57_o rhynland_a foot_n a_o thickness_n much_o exceed_v this_o will_v be_v superfluous_a and_o for_o no_o other_o use_n than_o drain_n the_o exchequer_n and_o here_o also_o your_o engineer_n for_o the_o
therefore_o sure_a to_o do_v execution_n as_o i_o show_v in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n number_n the_o second_o therefore_o the_o only_a end_n of_o a_o fauss-bray_a be_v the_o defence_n of_o a_o moat_n which_o help_n a_o dry_a ditch_n do_v not_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o as_o shall_v be_v teach_v hereafter_o ii_o its_o height_n and_o structure_n some_o architect_n sharp_o contend_v that_o such_o a_o height_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o fauss-bray_a as_o may_v make_v it_o able_a to_o command_v the_o outwork_n but_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o outwork_n will_v better_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o rampar_n itself_o and_o as_o much_o as_o you_o shall_v add_v to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o fauss-bray_a so_o much_o will_v you_o diminish_v from_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o graft_n therefore_o let_v it_o not_o exceed_v humane_a stature_n the_o rest_n of_o its_o structure_n be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o thing_n as_o that_o of_o the_o brestwork_n of_o the_o rampar_n deliver_v in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n numb_a 8._o iii_o the_o walk_n of_o the_o fauss-bray_a chemin_fw-fr des_fw-fr rondes_fw-la betwixt_o the_o rampar_n and_o the_o fauss-bray_a be_v leave_v a_o space_n e_o 5_o fit_a for_o the_o besieger_n to_o plant_n and_o traverse_v their_o great_a gun_n which_o we_o call_v the_o walk_n of_o the_o fauss-bray_a it_o be_v great_a breadth_n be_v equal_a to_o two_o rhynland_a perch_n and_o the_o least_o be_v equal_a to_o one_o when_o upon_o occasion_n a_o fauss-bray_a shall_v be_v draw_v about_o the_o ancient_a rampar_n of_o city_n to_o be_v defend_v only_o by_o musquetier_n the_o breadth_n of_o the_o walk_n may_v be_v take_v somewhat_o less_o than_o a_o perch_n if_o you_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o proportion_v it_o to_o the_o polygon_n you_o may_v order_v it_o after_o this_o fashion_n in_o iu._n v._o vi_o vii_o viii_o ix_o  _fw-fr the_o walk_n of_o the_o fauss-bray_a with_o its_o step_n or_o banquet_n  _fw-fr 15._o 18._o 20._o 24._o 24._o 24._o etc._n etc._n this_o width_n will_v serve_v to_o plant_v gun_n in_o but_o not_o the_o big_a iv_o the_o bankside_n or_o lisier_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o fauss-bray_a towards_o the_o ditch_n be_v leave_v a_o space_n of_o six_o foot_n r_o s_n for_o the_o strengthen_n and_o keep_v up_o of_o the_o work_n lest_o any_o of_o the_o earth_n shall_v fall_v into_o the_o ditch_n chap._n x._o i._o whether_o a_o dry_a ditch_n or_o graft_n be_v better_o than_o a_o moat_n there_o be_v not_o a_o question_n more_o frequent_a among_o engineer_n and_o many_o now_o prefer_v the_o dry_a one_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o a_o moat_n be_v these_o it_o keep_v the_o besiege_a in_o like_a prisoner_n that_o they_o can_v sally_v out_o upon_o the_o enemy_n unless_o a_o covert_a way_n and_o out-brestwork_a be_v raise_v beyond_o it_o at_o very_o great_a expense_n and_o when_o the_o out-brestwork_a shall_v be_v take_v it_o can_v defend_v itself_o since_o there_o be_v no_o go_v on_o it_o but_o by_o little_a boat_n therefore_o the_o gallery_n be_v easy_o bring_v over_o the_o moat_n unto_o the_o rampar_n as_o experience_n have_v often_o teach_v the_o hollander_n the_o water_n hinder_v the_o besiege_a that_o they_o can_v run_v down_o into_o the_o ditch_n with_o handy_a blow_n to_o throw_v down_o the_o fatal_a engine_n this_o defect_n however_o be_v supply_v by_o build_v a_o fauss-bray_a ravelin_n and_o halfmoon_n at_o vast_a expense_n and_o the_o entertainment_n of_o a_o far_o great_a garrison_n therefore_o a_o moat_n be_v both_o of_o itself_o weak_a and_o keep_v the_o townsman_n in_o like_a prisoner_n so_o that_o they_o can_v come_v to_o beat_v off_o the_o enemy_n any_o other_o way_n than_o by_o fire_v at_o a_o distance_n though_o they_o see_v he_o spring_v his_o mine_n and_o bring_v the_o last_o destruction_n to_o the_o town_n beside_o the_o fauss-bray_a be_v build_v only_o for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o moat_n as_o be_v the_o out-brestwork_a and_o the_o couvert_a way_n and_o in_o fine_a all_o sort_n of_o outwork_n and_o it_o require_v a_o far_o great_a number_n of_o soldier_n to_o defend_v it_o a_o dry_a ditch_n safe_a in_o its_o own_o strength_n do_v not_o need_v these_o chargeable_a outwork_n especial_o a_o out-brestwork_a it_o never_o want_v for_o as_o the_o moat_n keep_v in_o the_o soldier_n like_o prisoner_n the_o dry_a ditch_n convey_v they_o safe_a and_o unseen_a on_o the_o enemy_n neither_o have_v these_o that_o sally_v any_o need_n of_o a_o couvertway_n since_o the_o ditch_n can_v hide_v they_o in_o its_o own_o bottom_n nor_o have_v they_o any_o need_n of_o a_o out-brestwork_a since_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o ditch_n itself_o viz._n if_o it_o have_v step_n make_v to_o it_o be_v able_a to_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o a_o out-brestwork_a nay_o there_o be_v no_o sort_n of_o out-work_n require_v since_o they_o be_v raise_v only_o to_o keep_v the_o enemy_n from_o the_o ditch_n and_o rampar_n which_o will_v be_v better_o perform_v by_o sally_n which_o may_v be_v make_v safe_o through_o the_o dry_a ditch_n again_o a_o dry_a ditch_n make_v a_o easy_a and_o safe_a retreat_n for_o those_o that_o sally_n when_o they_o be_v whole_o pursue_v by_o the_o enemy_n but_o a_o wet_a ditch_n will_v either_o exclude_v or_o drown_v they_o for_o there_o be_v no_o passage_n from_o out-work_n to_o out-work_n or_o from_o the_o outwork_n to_o the_o principal_a rampar_n but_o what_o be_v make_v by_o little_a narrow_a wooden_a bridge_n which_o can_v receive_v but_o few_o at_o a_o time_n and_o if_o they_o be_v crowd_v too_o much_o as_o common_o in_o such_o case_n it_o happen_v they_o yield_v to_o their_o weight_n and_o be_v break_v as_o it_o fall_v out_o when_o breda_n be_v last_o besiege_v in_o the_o take_n of_o ginekens_n horn-work_n with_o the_o great_a loss_n of_o their_o stout_a soldier_n perish_v in_o the_o water_n to_o conclude_v since_o a_o dry_a ditch_n can_v safe_o be_v without_o halfmoon_n ravelin_n horn-work_n and_o out-brestworks_a and_o all_o other_o outwork_n or_o at_o least_o may_v neglect_v they_o far_o safe_a than_o a_o wet_a ditch_n can_v we_o must_v confess_v that_o the_o town_n if_o it_o be_v besiege_v will_v be_v defend_v with_o a_o far_o less_o garrison_n it_o plain_o appear_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o mastreicht_n the_o sharp_a of_o all_o the_o dutch_a sieges_n how_o far_o a_o dry_a ditch_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o a_o wet_a one_o the_o ditch_n of_o the_o town_n be_v partly_o wet_a partly_o dry_a the_o prince_n of_o orange_n consult_v with_o his_o captain_n which_o be_v best_a to_o fall_v upon_o who_o resolve_v to_o attempt_v the_o dry_a one_o but_o the_o take_n of_o it_o be_v so_o slow_a and_o so_o difficult_a that_o the_o prince_n confess_v his_o error_n and_o resolve_v after_o that_o never_o to_o try_v the_o take_n of_o a_o dry_a ditch_n before_o a_o wet_a one_o that_o i_o may_v omit_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o action_n in_o this_o most_o valiant_a defence_n the_o townsman_n from_o the_o ditch_n itself_o bring_v forth_o their_o mine_n to_o blow_v up_o the_o line_n of_o approach_n with_o such_o facility_n and_o success_n that_o the_o enemy_n be_v force_v to_o spend_v five_o week_n to_o gain_v a_o line_n of_o five_o perch_n then_o with_o skirmish_n work_n and_o countermine_n they_o so_o tire_v the_o dutch_a that_o besiege_v they_o that_o the_o prince_n despair_v to_o bring_v his_o line_n over_o the_o dry_a ditch_n be_v constrain_v to_o carry_v a_o mine_n into_o the_o town_n under_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o which_o be_v very_o near_o forty_o foot_n low_a than_o the_o level_n of_o the_o town_n notwithstanding_o it_o be_v to_o be_v confess_v the_o nocturnal_a attempt_n and_o surprise_v of_o the_o enemy_n be_v better_o keep_v off_o by_o a_o wet_a ditch_n than_o by_o a_o dry_a one_o yet_o there_o be_v great_a danger_n from_o the_o water_n itself_o be_v once_o freeze_v unless_o the_o ice_n be_v always_o break_v as_o appear_v in_o the_o take_n of_o wachtendonch_n by_o the_o dutch_a and_o philipsbourg_n by_o the_o emperialist_n by_o a_o surprise_n in_o the_o dark_a over_o their_o moat_n that_o be_v freeze_v whilst_o these_o thing_n be_v controvert_v on_o both_o side_n this_o be_v my_o opinion_n that_o a_o dry_a ditch_n be_v best_a against_o open_a assault_n and_o the_o wet_a one_o best_o against_o surprise_v but_o because_o all_o surprise_v and_o sudden_a attempt_n may_v be_v prevent_v by_o the_o care_n and_o vigilancy_n of_o the_o officer_n and_o soldier_n but_o open_a force_n no_o other_o way_n but_o by_o force_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o the_o dry_a ditch_n be_v absolute_o to_o be_v choose_v if_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n will_v permit_v it_o especial_o since_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o money_n be_v spare_v which_o otherwise_o will_v have_v be_v spend_v in_o build_v the_o fausse
end_n of_o the_o flanque_fw-fr c_o d_o those_o part_n of_o these_o strait_a line_n f_o e_o g_o e_o cut_v off_o from_o the_o bankside_n of_o the_o ditch_n towards_o e_o be_v the_o face_n of_o the_o bulwork_n 1._o another_o way_n on_o the_o centre_n a_o b_o the_o extreme_a point_n of_o the_o courtine_n with_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o same_o courtine_n describe_v two_o arch_n intersect_v one_o another_o in_o e._n 2._o produce_v the_o marginal_a line_n of_o the_o ditch_n φ_n 1_o m_o l_o till_o they_o meet_v at_o the_o point_n h_n then_o from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o flanque_n c_o d_o draw_v straight_o line_n to_o the_o point_n e_o that_o may_v cut_v the_o marginal_a line_n of_o the_o ditch_n in_o f_o g_o and_z f_o e_o g_o h_o shall_v be_v the_o perfect_a delineation_n of_o the_o raveline_n the_o face_n be_v f_o e_o g_o e_o the_o gorge_n line_n be_v f_o h_n g_o h._n 1._o another_o way_n bisect_v the_o gorge_n line_n of_o the_o bulwark_n a_o r_n b_o q_o in_o the_o point_n o_o p_o then_o draw_v strait_a line_n from_o the_o point_n o_o p_o by_o the_o end_n of_o the_o flanque_n c_o d_o till_o thewy_o meet_v one_o another_o in_o the_o point_n e._n 2._o then_o produce_v the_o out-line_n of_o the_o ditch_n φ_n i_o m_o l_o till_o they_o meet_v in_o h_n and_o cut_v the_o former_a line_n in_o f_o g_o so_o shall_v f_o e_o g_o h_o be_v the_o ravelin_n require_v iv_o the_o orthography_n and_o ichnographie_n or_o the_o profile_n and_o plain_n this_o table_n follow_v show_v the_o height_n and_o breadth_n of_o each_o part_n the_o three_o column_n show_v the_o orthography_n of_o the_o outwork_n of_o breda_n the_o first_o and_o four_o show_v the_o orthography_n of_o the_o large_a the_o second_o and_o five_o of_o the_o middle_a size_n the_o six_o show_v the_o least_o the_o four_o last_o column_n be_v take_v out_o of_o dogen_n this_o table_n do_v not_o serve_v only_o for_o ravelin_n but_o for_o all_o manner_n of_o outwork_n a_o table_n for_o the_o build_n of_o outwork_n rhynland_a foot_n  _fw-fr max._n med._n bred._n stab_n min._n st_o temp._n the_o low_a breadth_n of_o the_o ramp_n 40_o 36_o 44_o 36_o 24_o 20_o the_o outward_a talu_n of_o the_o ramp_n 3_o 2_o 6_o 3_o 2_o 2_o the_o inward_a talu_n of_o the_o ramp_n 6_o 4_o 8_o 6_o 4_o 4_o the_o height_n of_o the_o rampar_n 6_o 4_o 8_o 6_o 4_o 4_o the_o upper_a thickness_n of_o the_o ram._n 31_o 30_o 30_o 27_o 18_o 14_o the_o base_a of_o the_o brestwork_n 15_o 15_o 16¼_n 13_o 10_o 8_o the_o outward_a talu_n of_o the_o brestw_n 2_o 2_o 3¼_n 2_o 2_o 2_o the_o inward_a talu_n of_o the_o brestw_n 1_o 1_o 1_o 1_o 1_o 1_o the_o outward_a height_n of_o the_o breast_n 2_o 2_o 5_o 4_o 4_o 4_o the_o inward_a height_n of_o the_o brestw_n 6_o 6_o 6_o 6_o 6_o 6_o the_o upper_a thickness_n of_o the_o breast_n 15_o 12_o 12_o 10_o 7_o 5_o the_o height_n of_o the_o step_n 1½_n 1½_n 1½_n 1½_n 1½_n 1½_n the_o breadth_n of_o the_o step_n 3_o 3_o 3_o 3_o 3_o 3_o the_o walk_n on_o the_o ramp_n 12_o 10_o 10_o 1_o â—_o 11_o 5_o 3_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o forego_n table_n rhynland_a foot_n  _fw-fr max._n med._n bred._n stab_n min._n st_o temp._n the_o border_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o ram._n 3_o 3_o 6_o 3_o 3_o 2_o the_o width_n of_o the_o ditch_n 48_o 30_o 42_o 30_o 24_o 16_o the_o outward_a talu_n of_o the_o ditch_n 10_o 8_o 7_o 8_o 6_o 4_o the_o inward_a talu_n of_o the_o ditch_n 10_o 8_o 7_o 8_o 6_o 4_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o ditch_n 10_o 8_o 7_o 8_o 6_o 6_o the_o width_n of_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o d._n 18_o 14_o 28_o 14_o 12_o 8_o prop._n ii_o of_o the_o halfmoon_n or_o helmet_n i._o its_o definition_n and_o place_n halfmoon_n for_o the_o most_o part_n do_v not_o differ_v from_o ravelin_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o bigness_n perhaps_o they_o have_v this_o name_n give_v they_o because_o those_o which_o be_v build_v before_o bulwork_n be_v arch_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o crescent_a on_o that_o side_n which_o lie_v towards_o the_o bulwark_n they_o be_v place_v upon_o the_o covert-way_n which_o be_v beyond_o the_o ditch_n so_o that_o their_o capital_a line_n produce_v cut_v the_o courtine_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n they_o be_v build_v also_o before_o the_o angle_n of_o bulwork_n as_o i_o say_v but_o the_o great_a use_n of_o they_o be_v in_o irregular_a fortification_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o ii_o their_o form_n let_v not_o their_o angle_n be_v less_o than_o 60_o degr_n nor_o more_o than_o 90_o degr_n let_v their_o height_n be_v but_o indifferent_a and_o not_o distant_a from_o the_o rampar_n above_o musquet-shot_a that_o they_o may_v be_v defend_v by_o the_o rampar_n when_o they_o be_v build_v on_o the_o covert-way_n their_o face_n must_v be_v 25_o or_o 30_o pace_n let_v the_o thickness_n of_o their_o rampar_n be_v 15_o or_o 20_o foot_n and_o they_o must_v be_v so_o large_a as_o to_o receive_v 100_o or_o 150_o soldier_n iii_o their_o delineation_n 1._o in_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o fauss-bray_a v_n as_o in_o a_o centre_n with_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o ditch_n v_o m_o describe_v a_o arch_n and_o produce_v the_o capital_a line_n infinite_o cut_v the_o arch_n in_o α._n 2._o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o ditch_n cut_v off_o α_n x_o from_o the_o capital_a line_n produce_v which_o be_v â…”_n of_o the_o face_n of_o the_o bulwark_n and_o from_o the_o point_v h_n and_o λ_n where_o the_o gorge_fw-fr line_n of_o the_o ravelin_n intersect_v one_o another_o draw_v unto_o λ_n the_o line_n h_n x_o λ_n x._o 3._o produce_v the_o face_n of_o the_o fauss-bray_a φ_n v_n φ_n v_n till_o they_o cut_v the_o line_n h_n x_o λ_n x_o in_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o arch_n in_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o the_o fichant_n line_n of_o the_o fauss-bray_a continue_v on_o 2_o five_o 3_o v_z may_v determine_v these_o intersection_n so_o have_v you_o a_o halfmoon_n delineate_v place_v before_o a_o bulwark_n who_o face_n be_v x_o ζ_n x_o â—_o and_o its_o flanque_n but_o open_a be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o delineation_n of_o other_o halfmoon_n be_v like_o that_o of_o ravelin_n the_o orthography_n and_o ichnographie_n be_v have_v out_o of_o the_o forego_n proposition_n chap._n xiii_o numb_a 4._o iv_o its_o use_n and_o conveniency_n it_o be_v the_o weak_a of_o all_o the_o outwork_n since_o it_o can_v entertain_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o soldier_n to_o defend_v it_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o strait_n and_o be_v also_o with_o more_o difficulty_n defend_v from_o the_o fortification_n therefore_o these_o halfmoon_n seem_v to_o be_v hurtful_a to_o the_o fortification_n unless_o they_o be_v arm_v with_o these_o caution_n to_o wit_n that_o ravelin_n be_v build_v on_o both_o side_n and_o that_o they_o consist_v only_o of_o face_n be_v altogether_o without_o flanque_n otherwise_o be_v possess_v by_o the_o enemy_n they_o can_v be_v hot_a from_o the_o ravelin_n and_o at_o last_o let_v they_o be_v every_o where_n within_o musquet-shot_a yet_o if_o all_o this_o be_v perform_v it_o will_v be_v still_o doubtful_a whether_o they_o be_v useful_a or_o not_o wherefore_o they_o seem_v not_o to_o be_v build_v without_o peculiar_a necessity_n prop._n iii_o of_o the_o horn-work_n i._o its_o definition_n and_o kind_n 10._o fig._n 10._o that_o outwork_n that_o run_v far_a into_o the_o field_n with_o two_o strait_a side_n object_v to_o the_o enemy_n two_o half-bulworks_a be_v call_v a_o horn-work_n the_o ten_o figure_n show_v a_o example_n of_o it_o there_o be_v three_o kind_n of_o horn-work_n the_o first_o have_v its_o side_n incline_v to_o one_o another_o towards_o the_o field_n the_o second_o towards_o the_o fortification_n and_o the_o three_o be_v parallel_n ii_o its_o place_n and_o form_n they_o be_v build_v opposite_a to_o the_o courtine_n or_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n beyond_o the_o out-brestwork_a yet_o they_o be_v better_o defend_v if_o they_o cover_v the_o courtine_n than_o if_o the_o bulwark_n especial_o if_o the_o side_n be_v parallel_n for_o when_o they_o cover_v the_o bulwork_n with_o parallel_a side_n they_o receive_v no_o other_o defence_n than_o from_o the_o courtine_n and_o that_o to_o little_a purpose_n since_o at_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n beside_o after_o this_o manner_n the_o work_n will_v be_v too_o narrow_a yet_o if_o they_o be_v to_o be_v place_v before_o bulwork_n it_o be_v altogether_o necessary_a the_o side_n shall_v incline_v to_o one_o another_o towards_o the_o bulwork_n that_o so_o they_o may_v not_o take_v in_o all_o the_o face_n but_o exclude_v some_o part_n of_o they_o from_o which_o they_o may_v be_v defend_v
its_o delineation_n since_o it_o be_v most_o a_o end_v the_o part_n of_o some_o regular_a fortification_n let_v the_o engineer_n look_v what_o fortification_n be_v fit_a for_o the_o place_n of_o the_o polygon_n that_o be_v to_o be_v encompass_v which_o when_o he_o have_v find_v let_v he_o delineate_v so_o many_o bulwork_n of_o that_o fortification_n which_o be_v build_v on_o the_o observe_v polygon_n as_o the_o place_n require_v only_o this_o let_v he_o observe_v that_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o half_a bulwark_n be_v not_o less_o than_o sixty_o nor_o more_o than_o ninety_o degree_n its_o bulwork_n be_v wont_v sometime_o to_o be_v less_o than_o those_o of_o the_o main_a work_n but_o let_v we_o expound_v more_o especial_o the_o construction_n of_o a_o crownwork_n have_v one_o whole_a bulwark_n the_o whole_a description_n be_v make_v after_o this_o manner_n let_v the_o capital_a of_o the_o bulwark_n be_v produce_v infinite_o or_o if_o the_o crown_n be_v to_o be_v set_v before_o the_o courtine_n from_o the_o middle_a point_n of_o the_o courtine_n raise_v a_o infinite_a perpendicular_a on_o the_o capital_a produce_v set_v off_o from_o b_o to_z d_o forty_o rhynland_a perch_n on_o the_o perpendicular_a of_o the_o courtine_n you_o may_v reckon_v sixty_o or_o seventy_o for_o so_o the_o side_n of_o the_o crownwork_n will_v be_v yet_o within_o the_o shot_n of_o a_o musket_n come_v from_o the_o bulwork_n of_o the_o main_a fort._n then_o at_o the_o point_n of_o d_o of_o the_o right_a line_n b_o d_o make_v the_o angle_n b_o d_o ay_o half_a of_o some_o multangle_n or_o polygon_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o angle_n b_o d_o k_o then_o in_o the_o side_n of_o these_o angle_n from_o d_o to_o i_o and_o k_o reckon_v 40_o or_o 50_o perch_n at_o most_o 60_o and_o lay_v a_o ruler_n by_o the_o point_n i_o to_o the_o flanque_fw-la of_o the_o bulwark_n f_o as_o also_o from_o the_o point_n k_o to_o the_o other_o flanque_fw-fr e_o draw_v strait_a line_n till_o they_o meet_v with_o the_o out-brestwork_a in_o m_n and_o l_o so_fw-mi will_v the_o side_n of_o the_o crownwork_n be_v determine_v by_o the_o out-brestwork_a but_o if_o the_o side_n m_o i_o l_o k_o exceed_v 60_o perch_n that_o be_v a_o musquet-shot_a the_o angle_n b_o d_o ay_o b_o d_o k_o must_v be_v make_v less_o yet_o so_o that_o the_o whole_a ay_o d_o k_n may_v remain_v big_a than_o a_o right_a angle_n or_o certain_o which_o be_v think_v best_o the_o line_n b_o d_o must_v be_v shorten_v then_o see_v what_o regular_a figure_n be_v angle_n be_v equal_a or_o come_v near_o to_o the_o angle_n k_o d_o i_o say_v for_o example_n a_o heptagon_n or_o seven-angled_n figure_n therefore_o make_v within_o k_o d_o i_o one_o whole_a bulwark_n and_o two_o half_a bulwork_n of_o a_o heptagon_n by_o the_o help_n of_o your_o table_n if_o you_o will_v place_v more_o whole_a bulwork_n in_o the_o middle_n let_v the_o side_n of_o the_o horn-work_n be_v draw_v forth_o so_o that_o they_o do_v not_o exceed_v musquet-shot_a and_o within_o these_o build_v part_n of_o a_o regular_a fortification_n as_o have_v be_v say_v above_o general_n rule_v concern_v outwork_n 1._o let_v they_o be_v within_o musquet-shot_a of_o the_o main_a work_n 2._o let_v not_o their_o height_n be_v more_o than_o what_o may_v convenient_o serve_v to_o scour_v the_o ground_n possess_v by_o the_o enemy_n 3._o let_v the_o remote_a be_v low_o than_o the_o near_a 4._o let_v a_o dry_a graft_n have_v no_o outwork_n unless_o horn-work_n if_o you_o see_v occasion_n let_v the_o wet_a one_o have_v ravelin_n and_o horn-work_n but_o it_o will_v hardly_o admit_v of_o halfmoon_n without_o damage_n the_o second_o part_n of_o irregular_a fortification_n since_o most_o city_n be_v of_o a_o irregular_a figure_n it_o be_v evident_a what_o great_a use_n or_o rather_o necessity_n there_o be_v like_a to_o be_v of_o this_o part_n i_o shall_v comprehend_v all_o the_o matter_n brief_o in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n chap._n fourteen_o the_o part_n of_o irregular_a fortification_n these_o work_n follow_v serve_v for_o the_o fortify_v irregular_a place_n ordinary_a bulwork_n double_a and_o triple_a bulwork_n fork_a bulwork_n plain_a bulwork_n half_a bulwork_n ravelin_n half_a moon_n horn-work_n crown-work_n have_v external_n angle_n angular_a have_v plain_a mole_n half_a plain_a mole_n the_o middle_a defence_n or_o tooth_v retrenchment_n some_o of_o these_o viz._n those_o that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v use_v in_o strengthen_v regular_a fortification_n we_o have_v already_o expound_v and_o although_o their_o manner_n of_o build_v there_o deliver_v be_v proper_a to_o regular_a fortification_n yet_o out_o of_o this_o it_o be_v easy_o understand_v how_o they_o be_v to_o be_v fit_v to_o a_o irregular_a place_n now_o these_o that_o be_v over_o and_o above_o be_v to_o be_v explain_v in_o this_o chapter_n 1._o the_o double_a or_o triple_a bulwark_n be_v a_o moat_n or_o bulk_n of_o earth_n compose_v of_o several_a bulwork_n place_v one_o above_o another_o it_o be_v show_v in_o the_o 15_o figure_n and_o be_v build_v common_o in_o steep_a place_n such_o as_o the_o side_n of_o hill_n that_o when_o the_o enemy_n come_v up_o can_v be_v no_o long_o touch_v from_o the_o low_a he_o may_v be_v hot_a from_o the_o second_o and_o last_o from_o the_o three_o these_o be_v seldom_o use_v 2._o fork_v or_o cut_v bulwork_n i_o call_v those_o who_o angle_n e_z be_v cut_v off_o and_o change_v into_o a_o external_a angle_n f_o k_n g_o after_o this_o manner_n in_o the_o 16_o figure_n be_v the_o mole_n or_o bulk_n a_o c_o fk_n g_o d_o b_o they_o be_v of_o use_n when_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n be_v too_o acute_a 3._o half-bulworks_a you_o have_v in_o the_o horn-work_n fig._n 10._o and_o in_o the_o crownwork_n fig._n 14._o they_o be_v not_o only_o to_o be_v use_v in_o horn-work_n and_o crown-work_n but_o also_o in_o many_o other_o place_n as_o we_o shall_v say_v afterward_o observe_v that_o the_o angle_n of_o these_o be_v not_o too_o acute_a and_o take_v care_n that_o their_o plain_a side_n be_v not_o destitute_a of_o defence_n 4._o the_o external_a angle_n 17._o fig._n 17._o be_v that_o which_o be_v make_v by_o two_o line_n run_v inward_o towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o place_n call_v in_o french_a angle_n retire_v on_o the_o contrary_a the_o inward_a angle_n be_v that_o which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o side_n run_v forth_o towards_o the_o field_n from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o place_n call_v in_o french_a angle_n avance_fw-fr in_o the_o 17_o figure_n the_o outward_a angle_n be_v a_o l_o c_o e_o g_o etc._n etc._n the_o inward_a b_o d_o f_o etc._n etc._n the_o outward_a angle_n if_o it_o be_v not_o too_o obtuse_a seem_v strong_a enough_o since_o its_o side_n do_v mutual_o scour_v one_o another_o and_o from_o this_o be_v have_v the_o defence_n of_o the_o have_v and_o fork_v bulwork_n we_o have_v above_o show_v its_o defect_n some_o people_n extol_v this_o so_o as_o to_o think_v a_o place_n surround_v with_o outward_a and_o inward_a angle_n to_o be_v equal_a in_o strength_n to_o one_o that_o be_v fortify_v with_o bulwork_n but_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v hear_v 1._o for_o first_o it_o always_o happen_v that_o when_o a_o place_n be_v enclose_v with_o external_n and_o internal_a angle_n set_v alternate_o some_o of_o the_o outward_a will_v be_v too_o blunt_a or_o obtuse_a as_o a_o l_o and_o some_o of_o the_o inward_a too_o acute_a either_o of_o which_o be_v very_o hurtful_a the_o last_o in_o this_o that_o its_o angle_n be_v liable_a to_o be_v cut_v off_o by_o the_o enemy_n canon_n the_o other_o in_o that_o it_o lose_v so_o much_o the_o more_o of_o its_o scour_a defence_n the_o near_a it_o come_v to_o a_o strait_a line_n 2._o the_o outward_a angle_n likewise_o have_v this_o essential_a inconvenience_n that_o the_o enemy_n draw_v near_o the_o angle_n itself_o can_v be_v hot_a within_o a_o notable_a space_n as_o we_o have_v show_v above_o which_o fault_n the_o bulwork_n be_v without_o 3._o these_o external_n angle_n do_v lessen_v the_o area_n of_o the_o place_n and_o increase_v the_o circumference_n both_o which_o be_v faulty_a 5._o angular_a have_v be_v wont_a to_o be_v use_v in_o fortify_v a_o acute_a external_a angle_n 19_o fig._n 18_o 19_o or_o a_o right_a one_o but_o not_o so_o convenient_o a_o obtuse_a one_o with_o help_n of_o these_o you_o may_v mend_v the_o second_o fault_n speak_v of_o above_o you_o must_v build_v it_o after_o this_o manner_n produce_v a_o b_o e_o b_o the_o side_n of_o the_o angle_n 8_o or_o 10_o pace_n to_o k_o and_o n_n and_o join_v k_o n_n then_o draw_v k_o e_o n_o g_o parallel_n to_o b_o a_o b_o e_o likewise_z c_z e_z d_o g_o parallel_n to_o b_o e_z and_z b_o a_o which_o
the_o siege_n who_o part_n i_o shall_v brief_o expound_v and_o every_o one_o distinct_o by_o itself_o chap._n xix_o of_o circumvallation_n circumvallation_n consist_v in_o camp_n trench_n and_o work_n of_o all_o sort_n the_o very_a camp_n also_o be_v a_o lesser_a kind_n of_o circumvallaiion_n do_v comprehend_v the_o two_o last_o to_o wit_n trench_n and_o variety_n of_o work_n prop._n i._n the_o dispose_n of_o the_o camp_n or_o quarter_n 1._o the_o camp_n be_v to_o be_v form_v in_o those_o place_n that_o seem_v most_o convenient_a to_o let_v in_o a_o external_n enemy_n 2._o it_o must_v not_o be_v make_v in_o a_o place_n that_o may_v be_v drown_v 3._o let_v there_o be_v so_o many_o that_o relief_n may_v be_v ready_o send_v from_o they_o to_o all_o part_n of_o the_o circumvallation_n 4._o let_v they_o be_v above_o cannon_n shoot_v from_o the_o town_n or_o at_o least_o so_o far_o off_o as_o that_o they_o may_v fear_v little_a damage_n from_o their_o gun_n 5._o let_v they_o be_v place_v if_o you_o can_v by_o a_o river_n side_n 6._o the_o camp_n as_o likewise_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o circumvallation_n must_v be_v fortify_v with_o trench_n that_o be_v with_o a_o rampar_n round_o about_o it_o and_o several_a other_o work_n prop._n ii_o of_o the_o line_n common_o call_v trench_n these_o line_n of_o the_o siege_n be_v a_o continual_a kind_n of_o rampar_n which_o surround_v as_o well_o the_o camp_n as_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o place_n about_o the_o town_n besiege_v concern_v these_o observe_v this_o 1._o let_v they_o be_v twofold_a one_o inward_a build_v against_o the_o besiege_a to_o keep_v they_o in_o least_o with_o their_o sally_n they_o hurt_v the_o besieger_n the_o other_o outward_a to_o keep_v off_o any_o enemy_n that_o shall_v attack_v the_o camp_n from_o without_o let_v the_o outward_a be_v strong_a than_o the_o inward_a nay_o when_o there_o be_v but_o a_o small_a garrison_n in_o the_o town_n these_o inward_a one_o may_v be_v spare_v or_o at_o least_o very_o slight_o build_v 2._o these_o trench_n especial_o the_o outward_a one_o must_v not_o be_v extend_v above_o 750_o foot_n upon_o a_o right_a line_n after_o every_o 750_o foot_n they_o must_v be_v fortify_v with_o several_a work_n cast_v before_o and_o betwixt_o they_o these_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v use_v redoubt_n or_o little_a turret_n middle_a or_o tooth_a defence_n outward_a and_o inward_a angle_n little_a have_v star_n square_a fort_n with_o whole_a bulwork_n various_a fort_n with_o half_a bulwork_n whole_a plain_a bulwork_n and_o half_a one_o ravelin_n half_a moon_n hornwork_n crownwork_n all_o this_o trade_n of_o work_n so_o various_a and_o so_o manifold_a be_v use_v in_o no_o time_n more_o than_o in_o our_o age_n nor_o in_o no_o place_n often_o than_o in_o holland_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o hartogen_n bosch_n at_o both_o the_o sieges_n of_o breda_n mastricht_n and_o many_o other_o most_o of_o those_o be_v already_o deliver_v in_o the_o forego_n proposition_n we_o will_v expound_v those_o that_o remain_v in_o the_o follow_v 3._o the_o profile_v and_o ichnography_n of_o these_o trench_n be_v various_a in_o respect_n of_o their_o place_n and_o danger_n i_o will_v give_v you_o three_o sort_n of_o they_o use_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o hartogen_n bosch_n the_o base_a of_o the_o brestwork_n 7½_n 7._o the_o outward_a sloap_n or_o talu_n 2½_n 3._o the_o inward_a sloap_n 1._o 1._o the_o inward_a height_n 6._o 6._o the_o outward_a height_n 5._o 5._o the_o upper_a part_n 4._o 3._o the_o width_n of_o the_o step._n 3._o 3._o the_o height_n of_o the_o step._n ½_n ½_n the_o border_n or_o foot_n on_o the_o outside_n 3._o 3._o the_o width_n of_o the_o ditch_n 12._o 8._o the_o outward_a talu_n or_o sloap_n of_o the_o ditch_n 4._o 2._o the_o inward_a sloap_n of_o the_o ditch_n 4._o 2._o the_o depth_n of_o the_o ditch_n 5._o 2._o the_o width_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o ditch_n 4._o 4._o at_o the_o come_n of_o the_o royal_a army_n the_o dutch_a make_v their_o circumvallation_n strong_a they_o increase_v the_o base_a of_o their_o brestwork_n to_o 9_o foot_n make_v three_o step_n who_o width_n add_v together_o make_v 9_o foot_n the_o height_n of_o the_o brestwork_n be_v likewise_o 9_o foot_n the_o width_n of_o the_o ditch_n be_v 15_o foot_n prop._n iii_o to_o build_v a_o redoubt_n or_o turret_n it_o be_v a_o most_o easy_a thing_n since_o their_o form_n be_v simple_o square_a therefore_o describe_v on_o the_o earth_n a_o line_n of_o 48_o foot_n and_o on_o it_o delineate_v a_o square_a and_o what_o you_o require_v be_v do_v the_o ichnographie_n and_o profile_n be_v after_o this_o manner_n it_o be_v base_a 14._o or_o 20._o it_o be_v width_n a_o top_n 4._o or_o 6._o it_o be_v height_n 8._o or_o 10._o it_o be_v border_n or_o foot_n 2._o or_o 3._o the_o width_n of_o its_o ditch_n 15._o or_o 24._o the_o depth_n of_o the_o ditch_n 5._o or_o 6._o there_o be_v usual_o add_v to_o the_o brestwork_n two_o or_o three_o step_n gradual_o place_v over_o one_o another_o prop._n iv_o to_o delineate_v a_o star_n 35._o fig._n 35._o to_o delineate_v a_o quadrangular_a one_o work_n after_o this_o manner_n 1._o describe_v on_o the_o field_n a_o line_n of_o 48_o or_o 50_o foot_n and_o on_o it_o describe_v a_o square_n 2._o bisect_v the_o side_n a_o b_o in_o c_o and_o from_o c_o raise_v the_o perpendicular_a c_o d_o equal_a to_o ¼_n of_o a_o c_o or_o 1_o â—_o of_o the_o whole_a a_o b._n 3._o join_v a_o d_o d_o b_o if_o this_o construction_n be_v make_v round_o all_o the_o side_n you_o will_v have_v a_o quadrangular_a star_n 36._o fig._n 36._o to_o have_v a_o pentagonal_a star_n work_v after_o this_o manner_n describe_v a_o regular_a pentagon_n and_o from_o the_o side_n a_o b_o bisect_v in_o c_o raise_v the_o perpendicle_n c_o d_o equal_a to_o â…“_n of_o a_o c_o or_o â…™_n of_o a_o b._n join_v a_o d_o d_o b_o and_o if_o you_o do_v the_o same_o round_a the_o figure_n you_o will_v have_v a_o pentagonal_a star_n for_o a_o sexangular_a one_o describe_v a_o c_o e_o etc._n etc._n a_o regular_a hexagon_n x._o fig._n x._o let_v each_o of_o its_o side_n a_o c_o etc._n etc._n be_v equal_a to_o about_o 104_o pace_n at_o the_o end_n of_o c_o h_o etc._n etc._n make_v the_o angle_n d_o at_fw-fr c_o d_o c_o a_o etc._n etc._n 30_o degree_n each_o and_o d_o a_o d_o c_o will_n be_v each_o about_o 60_o pace_n their_o ichnographie_n and_o profile_v be_v the_o same_o as_o that_o of_o redoubt_n your_o large_a star_n be_v not_o in_o use_n prop._n v._o to_o delineate_v a_o square_a fort_n with_o half-bulworks_a 1._o describe_v the_o square_a a_o b_o c_o d_o who_o side_n must_v not_o be_v less_o than_o 120_o foot_n 37._o fig._n 37._o nor_o more_o than_o 180._o 2._o trisect_v the_o side_n in_o e_o f_o l_o m_o q_o s_o t_o v._n 3._o to_o each_o of_o the_o side_n add_v â…“_n b_o i_o dn_n c_o o_o a_o h_o but_o for_o the_o neckline_n take_v â…“_n in_o the_o side_n themselves_o to_o wit_n bl_n d_o q_o c_o t_o a_o e._n 4._o from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o neckline_n raise_v the_o perpendicular_a lk_n qr_n tx_n eglantine_n each_o of_o which_o must_v be_v â…™_n of_o the_o side_n 5._o draw_v the_o right_a line_n i_o k_o n_n r_n o_o x_o h_n g._n so_o have_v you_o a_o fort_n with_o four_o half-bulworks_a prop._n vi_o to_o delineate_v a_o fort_n on_o a_o rectangular_a paralellogram_n with_o half-bulworks_a 1._o trisect_v one_o of_o the_o lesser_a side_n a_o b_o 38._o fig._n 38._o and_o cut_v off_o 1_o â—_o of_o it_o from_o all_o the_o side_n for_o the_o neckline_n a_o f_o bg_n c_o o_o d_o q._n 2._o add_v also_o to_o each_o of_o the_o side_n a_o k_o b_o l_o cp_n d_n equal_a to_o 1_o â—_o of_o a_o b._n 3._o on_o the_o end_n of_o the_o neckline_n raise_v the_o perpendicles_a f_o i_o g_o m_o o_o n_n q_o r_o equal_a to_o â…™_n of_o the_o same_o a_o b._n 4._o join_v k_o i_o lm_o pn_n sir_n i_o say_v it_o be_v do_v prop._n vii_o to_o delineate_v another_o sort_n of_o quadrilateral_a fort_n with_o half_a bulwork_n and_o double_a have_v 1._o take_v the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o side_n of_o the_o square_a a_o b_o c_o d_o 39_o fig._n 39_o for_o the_o neckline_n cp_n a_o m_n bn_n rd_o 2._o add_v to_o the_o side_n c_o d_o on_o both_o side_n â…“_n c_o i_o d_o k_o but_o to_o the_o side_n c_o a_n d_o b_o likewise_o add_v â…“_n a_o s_n b_o t._n 3._o from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o neckline_n raise_v perpendicles_a equal_a to_o â…™_n p_o x_o m_o l_o n_o v_o r_o z_o and_o join_v i_o x_o s_n l._n t_o v_n k_o z._n 4._o bisect_v the_o side_n c_o d_o in_o e_z and_o
thence_o cut_v off_o e_z g_z e_o h_o equal_a to_o â…“_n of_o the_o side_n and_o thence_o again_o raise_v the_o perpendicle_n e_o f_o equal_a also_o to_o 1_o â—_o 5._o join_v g_o f_o h_o f_o you_o have_v your_o purpose_n 40._o fig._n 40._o there_o be_v build_v also_o square_a fort_n with_o two_o whole_a bulwork_n and_o on_o the_o opposite_a side_n the_o double_a have_v see_v fig._n 40._o prop._n viii_o to_o delineate_v a_o threesided_n fort_n with_o half_a bulwork_n 41._o fig._n 41._o 1._o describe_v a_o equilateral_a triangle_n a_o b_o c_o who_o side_n must_v be_v less_o than_o those_o of_o a_o square_n 2._o cut_a off_o from_o the_o side_n the_o three_o part_n a_o i_o b_o l_o c_o k_o for_o the_o neckline_n 3._o from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o neckline_n raise_v perpendicular_o the_o six_o part_n of_o the_o side_n i_o h_n l_o m_o k_o g._n 4._o add_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o three_o part_n b_o d_o c_o e_o a_o f_o and_o join_v f_o h_n d_o m_o e_o g._n you_o have_v your_o purpose_n the_o four_o fort_n describe_v in_o the_o forego_n proposition_n be_v not_o to_o be_v build_v promiscuous_o and_o for_o variety_n sake_n but_o with_o choice_n and_o with_o respect_n to_o the_o place_n and_o although_o they_o be_v much_o weak_a than_o fort_n with_o whole_a bulwork_n nevertheless_o they_o be_v convenient_o make_v use_n of_o as_o to_o their_o profile_n and_o ichnography_n you_o may_v give_v they_o the_o same_o as_o to_o redoubt_n and_o star_n or_o if_o they_o require_v a_o great_a you_o may_v give_v they_o that_o which_o be_v use_v in_o the_o siege_n of_o hartogen_n bosch_n in_o which_o the_o base_a of_o the_o rampar_n be_v 27_o foot_n the_o height_n 6_o the_o upper_a breadth_n of_o the_o rampar_n 18_o the_o base_a of_o the_o brestwork_n 8_o the_o upper_a breadth_n of_o the_o brest-work_n 4_o the_o height_n of_o the_o brest-work_n 6_o the_o width_n of_o the_o ditch_n 30_o foot_n chap._n xx._n of_o battery_n for_o great_a gun_n and_o of_o the_o approach_n the_o circumvallation_n be_v finish_v which_o be_v the_o first_o act_n of_o the_o siege_n deliver_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n you_o raise_v battery_n for_o great_a gun_n in_o certain_a place_n and_o go_v towards_o the_o out-brestwork_a cover_v in_o oblique_a trench_n of_o these_o therefore_o in_o this_o present_a chapter_n prop._n i._o to_o build_v a_o offensive_a and_o defensive_a battery_n there_o be_v a_o twofold_a battery_n offensive_a and_o defensive_a 42._o fig._n 42._o the_o last_o be_v direct_v towards_o the_o enemy_n without_o the_o first_o towards_o the_o besiege_a you_o shall_v build_v a_o offensive_a one_o after_o this_o manner_n 1._o multiply_v the_o number_n of_o gun_n that_o be_v to_o be_v mount_v by_o 12_o the_o product_n shall_v give_v in_o foot_n the_o length_n of_o the_o battery_n for_o each_o gun_n be_v distant_a from_o another_o 12._o foot_n and_o the_o two_o at_o the_o end_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o brestwork_n 6_o foot_n each_o 2._o you_o will_v have_v the_o breadth_n a_o d_o if_z to_o the_o length_n of_o a_o gun_n mount_v in_o his_o carriage_n you_o add_v the_o space_n a_o f_o ten_o or_o twelve_o foot_n for_o the_o recoil_n of_o the_o piece_n and_o the_o space_n f_o d_o for_o traverse_v and_o passage_n 3._o let_v the_o platform_n of_o the_o battery_n be_v make_v slope_v downward_o towards_o the_o enemy_n that_o when_o the_o gun_n be_v recoil_v they_o may_v with_o more_o ease_n be_v bring_v back_o to_o their_o place_n let_v its_o entry_n behind_o be_v i_o k_o the_o way_n lead_v to_o it_o must_v not_o be_v very_o steep_a but_o gentle_o rise_v that_o the_o gun_n may_v with_o more_o ease_n be_v get_v in_o 4._o that_o part_n of_o the_o battery_n that_o face_n the_o enemy_n must_v be_v fortify_v with_o a_o brest-work_n who_o base_a you_o may_v make_v 12_o 15_o or_o 18_o foot_n its_o height_n 6_o for_o the_o side_n a_o d_o b_o e_o a_o less_o width_n will_v suffice_v 5._o let_v there_o be_v so_o many_o port_n in_o the_o brestwork_n as_o there_o be_v gun_n let_v their_o height_n be_v three_o foot_n their_o outward_a width_n four_o their_o inward_a two_o the_o outward_a width_n be_v more_o than_o the_o inward_a that_o the_o gun_n may_v scour_v more_o of_o the_o field_n 6._o behind_o the_o battery_n you_o must_v describe_v a_o space_n d_o s_o n_o e_o equal_a and_o like_v the_o battery_n in_o it_o make_v a_o square_a hole_n as_o m_n who_o side_n must_v be_v ten_o or_o twelve_o foot_n in_o which_o the_o powder_n must_v be_v keep_v and_o you_o must_v cover_v the_o mouth_n with_o leather_n lest_o any_o spark_n shall_v fall_v in_o to_o conclude_v as_o well_o about_o the_o battery_n itself_o a_o e_z as_o the_o space_n d_o n_n you_o must_v make_v a_o ditch_n eight_o or_o ten_o foot_n wide_a six_o foot_n deep_a 7._o the_o first_o battery_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v raise_v at_o a_o musquet-shot_a from_o the_o town_n afterwad_v near_o the_o very_a ditch_n the_o general_a rule_n may_v be_v this_o that_o the_o near_o they_o be_v the_o place_n they_o do_v the_o great_a execution_n 8._o the_o defensive_a battery_n be_v not_o so_o full_a of_o work_n their_o brestwork_n if_o it_o be_v make_v of_o earth_n may_v be_v six_o or_o seven_o foot_n thick_a the_o height_n be_v sufficient_a if_o it_o cover_v a_o gun_n in_o its_o carriage_n instead_o of_o a_o earthen_a brestwork_n they_o use_v common_o great_a wicker_n basket_n fill_v with_o earth_n prop._n ii_o to_o direct_v the_o line_n of_o approach_n to_o a_o place_n besiege_a 1._o about_o the_o distance_n of_o a_o thousand_o foot_n from_o the_o town_n open_v the_o trench_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 43._o fig._n 43._o which_o you_o must_v carry_v on_o oblique_o towards_o the_o place_n besiege_v so_o that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v scour_v from_o any_o part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v continue_v some_o space_n you_o must_v dig_v a_o new_a one_o the_o other_o way_n as_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d with_o the_o same_o obliqueness_n and_o so_o by_o several_a turn_n you_o proceed_v to_o the_o out-brestwork_a itself_o where_o at_o length_n the_o approach_n be_v finish_v draw_v two_o trench_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d long_o than_o ordinary_a and_o parallel_v to_o the_o place_n besiege_v these_o two_o last_o line_n cover_v the_o besieger_n like_o a_o brest-work_n so_o that_o be_v so_o near_o at_o hand_n they_o frighten_v away_o the_o defendant_n from_o guard_v their_o graft_n and_o rampar_n 2._o although_o the_o approach_n ought_v so_o to_o be_v carry_v on_o that_o they_o may_v never_o be_v scour_v from_o the_o enemy_n rampar_n yet_o the_o engineer_n shall_v take_v good_a heed_n he_o make_v they_o no_o more_o obliquer_fw-fr than_o need_v to_o the_o loss_n of_o time_n and_o expense_n i_o think_v with_o two_o turn_n you_o may_v always_o come_v to_o the_o out-brestwork_a a_o far_o short_a way_n than_o if_o more_o oblique_a line_n have_v be_v make_v for_o let_v there_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o point_n where_o you_o begin_v your_o approach_n the_o right_a line_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o continue_v may_v fall_v a_o little_a without_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o brestwork_n and_o if_o another_o line_n be_v produce_v from_o β_n which_o go_v without_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o out-brestwork_a you_o will_v arrive_v at_o the_o out-brestwork_a in_o two_o turn_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o why_o this_o way_n of_o approach_n be_v less_o use_v i_o think_v this_o to_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o your_o long_a line_n of_o approach_n if_o attempt_v may_v be_v soon_o carry_v and_o demolish_v by_o the_o enemy_n than_o those_o that_o be_v cut_v in_o and_o out_o with_o several_a wind_n 3._o at_o the_o end_n of_o every_o line_n you_o must_v build_v redoubt_n after_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o two_o may_v be_v flanque_v by_o one_o for_o this_o be_v the_o best_a situation_n of_o redoubt_n if_o one_o of_o the_o line_n be_v draw_v long_o than_o ordinary_a you_o may_v also_o build_v redoubt_n in_o the_o middle_n for_o its_o defence_n all_o which_o the_o 43_o figure_n sufficient_o express_v 4._o the_o earth_n which_o be_v cast_v out_o be_v throw_v towards_o the_o enemy_n that_o it_o may_v be_v instead_o of_o a_o brestwork_n to_o the_o pioner_n let_v its_o tower_n width_n be_v six_o foot_n its_o upper_a twelve_o or_o fifteen_o it_o be_v least_o depth_n must_v be_v such_o that_o may_v cover_v a_o stand_a man_n with_o the_o height_n of_o its_o brestwork_n join_v to_o it_o the_o near_a they_o advance_v to_o the_o town_n that_o deep_a they_o must_v be_v the_o width_n also_o must_v be_v increase_v if_o there_o be_v occasion_n to_o bring_v stuff_n for_o the_o gallery_n through_o the_o trench_n they_o use_v frequent_o to_o
make_v three_o step_n to_o the_o brestwork_n 6._o for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o approach_n battery_n be_v to_o be_v build_v in_o convenient_a place_n chap._n xxi_o the_o sapp_n or_o the_o cut_n through_o the_o out-brestwork_a 43._o fig._n 43._o 1._o the_o approach_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o out-brestwork_a two_o long_a trench_n as_o i_o say_v before_o aught_o to_o be_v draw_v parallel_n to_o the_o place_n that_o be_v besiege_v the_o brestwork_n be_v build_v towards_o the_o enemy_n in_o these_o musqueteer_n be_v to_o be_v place_v that_o they_o may_v hinder_v the_o enemy_n from_o show_v his_o head_n above_o the_o rampar_n 2._o these_o thing_n be_v do_v when_o you_o can_v no_o long_o draw_v your_o line_n oblique_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o from_o that_o long_a trench_n which_o be_v parallel_n to_o the_o place_n you_o intend_v to_o attaque_fw-la you_o cut_v a_o strait_a channel_n l_o h_n common_o call_v a_o sappe_n through_o the_o out-brestwork_a to_o the_o very_a ditch_n of_o the_o fortification_n without_o doubt_v this_o work_n be_v full_a of_o dangerous_a chance_n but_o the_o danger_n seem_v to_o be_v lessen_v by_o these_o mean_n 1._o the_o soldier_n be_v place_v in_o the_o trench_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o their_o continual_a fire_v hinder_v the_o defendant_n 2._o the_o brestwork_n and_o flanque_n of_o the_o rampar_n be_v now_o so_o batter_v by_o the_o cannon_n that_o the_o defendant_n can_v scarce_o stand_v upon_o their_o rampar_n 3._o this_o channel_n be_v make_v deep_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o approach_n and_o be_v cover_v above_o with_o bough_n straw_n hide_v and_o other_o thing_n necessary_a that_o if_o a_o man_n can_v be_v protect_v by_o it_o from_o the_o shot_n yet_o at_o least_o the_o pioner_n may_v be_v by_o this_o mean_v withdraw_v from_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o besiege_a 4._o this_o channel_n be_v to_o be_v direct_v to_o that_o part_n of_o the_o fortification_n which_o be_v design_v for_o the_o mine_n wherefore_o if_o you_o besiege_v a_o regular_a fortification_n you_o must_v not_o direct_v it_o towards_o the_o courtine_n or_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n but_o to_o either_o of_o the_o face_n of_o the_o bulwark_n for_o whosoever_o attaque_v the_o courtine_n be_v liable_a to_o shot_n from_o both_o the_o bulwork_n and_o they_o very_o near_o and_o whosoever_o attempt_v the_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n be_v also_o liable_a to_o the_o shot_n of_o two_o bulwork_n though_o they_o lie_v far_o off_o while_o he_o that_o attaque_v the_o face_n can_v be_v hurt_v but_o from_o one_o only_a but_o if_o the_o courtine_n have_v not_o on_o both_o side_n its_o full_a defence_n as_o it_o often_o happen_v in_o irregular_a place_n not_o perfect_o fortify_v the_o sappe_n and_o the_o attaque_fw-la may_v be_v carry_v on_o to_o the_o middle_a point_n of_o the_o courtine_n chap._n xxii_o concern_v fill_v the_o ditch_n and_o carry_v over_o the_o gallery_n advance_v the_o sappe_n l_o h_n be_v advance_v through_o the_o out-brestwork_a and_o covert_a way_n unto_o the_o ditch_n 43._o fig._n 43._o all_o that_o remain_v be_v that_o you_o fill_v the_o ditch_n with_o a_o solid_a bank_n of_o earth_n carry_v on_o quite_o over_o it_o and_o that_o the_o gallery_n be_v build_v upon_o this_o bank_n 1._o the_o ditch_n whether_o it_o be_v wet_a or_o dry_a be_v fill_v with_o stone_n bough_n faggot_n log_n and_o with_o sack_n full_a of_o earth_n but_o this_o rubbish_n that_o be_v cast_v in_o must_v be_v so_o order_v that_o the_o bank_n may_v rise_v quite_o over_o the_o ditch_n as_o high_a as_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o rampar_n and_o have_v such_o a_o breadth_n that_o the_o gallery_n may_v convenient_o be_v set_v upon_o it_o 2._o the_o bank_n be_v now_o finish_v there_o be_v common_o so_o much_o earth_n bring_v through_o the_o sappe_n and_o cast_v down_o on_o the_o bank_n as_o may_v serve_v to_o make_v a_o kind_n of_o little_a hill_n betwixt_o the_o face_n of_o the_o bulwark_n and_o the_o besieger_n then_o cast_v with_o shovel_n long_o than_o ordinary_a the_o low_a part_n of_o this_o heap_n of_o earth_n over_o the_o upper_a this_o hill_n be_v turn_v over_o and_o over_o and_o be_v roll_v on_o by_o degree_n to_o the_o face_n of_o the_o bulwark_n 3._o this_o hill_n be_v roll_v on_o some_o space_n there_o be_v two_o gate_n erect_v at_o a_o little_a distance_n from_o one_o another_o which_o be_v so_o join_v together_o with_o plank_n as_o well_o on_o each_o side_n as_o at_o top_n that_o no_o part_n of_o they_o lie_v open_a on_o that_o side_n which_o regard_v the_o enemy_n bulwark_n so_o much_o earth_n be_v cast_v up_o as_o may_v make_v it_o cannon-proof_n the_o other_o side_n do_v not_o need_v so_o much_o cover_v also_o the_o upper_a part_n will_v be_v sufficient_o fortify_v against_o fire_n if_o it_o be_v cover_v with_o a_o foot_n or_o a_o foot_n and_o half_a of_o earth_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o part_n of_o this_o gallery_n shall_v be_v continue_v till_o they_o come_v to_o the_o rampar_n the_o width_n of_o these_o gate_n be_v either_o 9_o or_o 10_o foot_n the_o height_n 10_o foot_n the_o thickness_n of_o its_o beam_n or_o timber_n 6_o or_o 7_o inch_n half_o a_o foot_n 4._o this_o be_v the_o theory_n of_o gallery_n which_o you_o will_v hardly_o describe_v easy_a than_o build_v in_o the_o universal_a affair_n of_o the_o siege_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o dangerous_a than_o this_o enterprise_n nevertheless_o the_o danger_n seem_v to_o be_v lessen_v by_o these_o mean_n 1._o that_o roll_a hill_n of_o earth_n betwixt_o the_o face_n of_o the_o bulwark_n and_o the_o workman_n keep_v their_o front_n safe_a 2._o the_o opposite_a flanque_fw-fr as_o well_o that_o of_o the_o bulwark_n as_o that_o of_o the_o courtine_n be_v so_o batter_a with_o cannon_n that_o the_o side_n of_o the_o gallery_n can_v be_v break_v from_o thence_o by_o the_o gun_n of_o the_o besiege_a also_o from_o the_o trench_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o musqueteer_n that_o guard_v the_o bvilder_n of_o the_o gallery_n be_v continual_o fire_v on_o every_o part_n of_o the_o rampar_n 3._o they_o work_v most_o common_o in_o the_o night_n 4._o they_o secure_v their_o side_n with_o faggot_n which_o they_o set_v upon_o cleftwood_n common_o call_v candlestick_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o escape_v many_o shot_n and_o hide_v themselves_o from_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o enemy_n chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o mine_n 43._o fig._n 43._o the_o ancient_n also_o use_v mine_n but_o to_o a_o different_a end_n and_o after_o a_o different_a manner_n in_o this_o age_n now_o that_o this_o art_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v attain_v its_o perfection_n the_o business_n be_v do_v almost_o after_o this_o manner_n 1._o the_o gallery_n a_o a_o be_v bring_v over_o to_o the_o face_n of_o the_o enemy_n bulwark_n you_o design_v the_o place_n where_o you_o intend_v to_o put_v the_o powder_n then_o dig_v two_o or_o three_o turn_n c_o e_o e_o f_o you_o come_v to_o the_o place_n appoint_v k_o by_o the_o conduct_n of_o a_o needle_n the_o channel_n c_o e_o f_o g_o be_v make_v wind_v that_o the_o powder_n may_v not_o so_o easy_o get_v out_o towards_o c._n it_o be_v 4_o foot_n or_o 4_o 1_o â—_o foot_n deep_a 4_o foot_n or_o 3_o 1_o â—_o foot_n wide_o yet_o it_o be_v make_v narrow_a the_o near_o you_o come_v to_o the_o place_n appoint_v 2._o when_o you_o come_v to_o the_o place_n appoint_v k_o there_o you_o dig_v a_o place_n to_o lodge_v the_o powder_n who_o height_n be_v common_o 6_o or_o 7_o foot_n the_o side_n of_o its_o base_a 4_o or_o 5_o foot_n here_o you_o put_v your_o barrel_n of_o powder_n so_o as_o to_o set_v they_o close_o together_o in_o the_o place_n for_o so_o the_o powder_n will_v be_v all_o light_v in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o therefore_o do_v it_o effect_v the_o strong_a this_o also_o experience_n have_v teach_v we_o that_o the_o earth_n of_o the_o break_a bulwark_n will_v fall_v towards_o that_o part_n towards_o which_o the_o great_a space_n be_v leave_v between_o the_o barrel_n and_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v put_v therefore_o if_o you_o will_v have_v the_o earth_n fall_v towards_o the_o enemy_n you_o shall_v put_v the_o powder_n near_o the_o side_n φ_n n_n if_o towards_o etc._n etc._n 3._o one_o barrel_n of_o powder_n will_v blow_v up_o 12_o foot_n of_o earth_n hence_o gather_v how_o many_o barrel_n be_v to_o be_v put_v in_o the_o powder_n must_v not_o be_v long_o carry_v in_o before_o you_o intend_v to_o put_v fire_n to_o it_o otherwise_o it_o will_v grow_v moist_a and_o be_v spoil_v 4._o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o mine_n c_o must_v be_v diligent_o stop_v only_o leave_v in_o it_o a_o trunk_n or_o hollow_a pipe_n full_a
of_o powder_n for_o the_o train_n reach_v the_o powder_n in_o k_o that_o put_v a_o match_n to_o it_o you_o may_v blow_v up_o the_o mine_n at_o the_o time_n appoint_v as_o for_o the_o attack_z itself_o which_o be_v order_v when_o the_o mine_n be_v spring_v and_o the_o breach_n make_v i_o leave_v that_o to_o the_o officer_n and_o soldier_n to_o who_o these_o thing_n belong_v chap._n xxiv_o of_o defend_v to_n 1._o the_o first_o beginning_n be_v to_o keep_v the_o enemy_n from_o the_o town_n as_o far_o off_o and_o as_o long_o as_o you_o can_v therefore_o whatsoever_o without_o the_o work_n can_v put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o enemy_n the_o besieger_n must_v possess_v and_o defend_v as_o long_o as_o they_o can_v 2._o they_o must_v use_v all_o their_o endeavour_n to_o hinder_v the_o approach_n of_o the_o enemy_n therefore_o let_v they_o sally_v frequent_o but_o wary_o lest_o they_o fall_v into_o snare_n to_o the_o irreparable_a loss_n of_o the_o town_n and_o rout_n and_o kill_v the_o pioner_n and_o soldier_n let_v they_o throw_v down_o the_o line_n that_o be_v finish_v and_o if_o they_o can_v carry_v away_o their_o gun_n they_o must_v spike_n they_o up_o by_o drive_v nail_n in_o their_o touch-hole_n 3._o those_o outward_a work_n which_o they_o can_v keep_v no_o long_o must_v be_v retrench_v see_v what_o we_o say_v before_o of_o retrenchment_n but_o if_o they_o be_v utter_o like_a to_o be_v lose_v they_o must_v be_v blow_v up_o together_o with_o those_o that_o possess_v they_o 4._o the_o sap_v of_o the_o out-brestwork_a must_v be_v intercept_v by_o a_o counter_a and_o transverse_a sappe_n 5._o the_o fill_n of_o the_o ditch_n and_o the_o build_n of_o the_o gallery_n must_v be_v hinder_v at_o a_o distance_n by_o the_o continual_a fire_n of_o musket_n great_a gun_n hand_n granade_n and_o other_o firework_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o other_o way_n if_o the_o ditch_n be_v full_a of_o water_n but_o if_o the_o ditch_n be_v dry_a than_o they_o must_v fall_v upon_o the_o bvilder_n of_o the_o gallery_n with_o handy-stroke_n as_o well_o as_o with_o all_o that_o which_o i_o declare_v above_o and_o the_o gallery_n itself_o must_v either_o be_v destroy_v by_o fire_n or_o blow_v up_o with_o a_o mine_n 6._o but_o if_o notwithstanding_o all_o this_o the_o force_n of_o the_o enemy_n prevail_v the_o gallery_n be_v bring_v over_o to_o the_o bulwark_n and_o the_o bulwark_n itself_o be_v undermine_v against_o this_o plague_n no_o remedy_n remain_v but_o to_o find_v out_o the_o place_n of_o the_o mine_n to_o do_v this_o they_o use_v several_a practice_n some_o by_o the_o motion_n of_o pease_n leap_v on_o a_o drum-head_n well_o brace_v do_v conjecture_n at_o the_o place_n of_o their_o dig_v other_o boar_v a_o very_a long_a augur_n into_o the_o ground_n suspect_v and_o apply_v their_o ear_n to_o it_o think_v to_o hear_v the_o stroke_n of_o their_o dig_v other_o use_v other_o way_n to_o discover_v it_o the_o most_o certain_a way_n be_v by_o countermine_v to_o search_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o bulwark_n the_o mine_n be_v find_v the_o powder_n must_v be_v carry_v out_o but_o if_o the_o straightness_n of_o time_n will_v not_o permit_v it_o must_v be_v wet_v and_o a_o passage_n open_v for_o the_o fire_n 7._o the_o bulwork_n be_v blow_v up_o if_o the_o besiege_a have_v no_o inward_a work_n remain_v the_o last_o refuge_n be_v that_o since_o they_o can_v no_o long_o resist_v the_o enemy_n with_o wall_n and_o rampar_n that_o they_o stop_v his_o passage_n with_o arm_n and_o hand_n as_o he_o be_v break_v in_o at_o the_o breach_n which_o since_o they_o be_v rather_o the_o part_n of_o captain_n and_o soldier_n than_o the_o engineer_n i_o leave_v the_o rest_n to_o they_o and_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o treatise_n finis_fw-la a_o new_a exact_a and_o most_o expeditious_a method_n of_o delineat_v all_o manner_n of_o fortification_n regular_a and_o irregular_a as_o well_o from_o the_o interior_n as_o from_o the_o exterior_a poligone_n be_v comprehend_v within_o the_o two_o face_n or_o superficies_n of_o a_o medal_n london_n print_v in_o the_o year_n 1672._o a_o new_a exact_a and_o most_o expeditious_a method_n of_o delineat_v all_o manner_n of_o fortification_n regular_n and_o irregular_a as_o well_o from_o the_o interior_n as_o from_o the_o exterior_a poligon_n be_v comprehend_v within_o the_o two_o face_n or_o superficies_n of_o a_o medal_n the_o use_n of_o the_o first_o face_n or_o superficies_n of_o the_o medal_n as_o represent_v in_o fig._n a._n the_o first_o face_n or_o superficies_n of_o the_o medal_n serve_v to_o delineate_v all_o manner_n of_o fortification_n from_o the_o base_a or_o exterior_a poligon_n and_o that_o 1._o from_o a_o pentagon_n to_o a_o right_a line_n as_o be_v the_o more_o perfect_a 2._o from_o a_o square_a to_o a_o pentagon_n as_o be_v the_o less_o perfect_a figure_n 1._o from_o a_o pentagon_n to_o a_o right_a line_n have_v divide_v the_o give_v base_a or_o exterior_a poligon_n a_o a_o as_o in_o fig._n c_o into_o two_o equal_a part_n in_o the_o point_n d_o from_o that_o point_n d_o erect_v a_o perpendicular_a d_o e_z of_o a_o sufficient_a length_n then_o take_v any_o measure_n whatsoever_o be_v it_o a_o chain_n pole_n staff_n or_o stake_v out_o of_o a_o hedge_n and_o mark_v out_o 3_o or_o 6_o or_o 9_o or_o 12_o or_o 15_o or_o 18_o or_o 21_o or_o 24_o or_o 27_o or_o 30_o length_n upon_o the_o line_n a_o d_o in_o the_o point_n b_o from_o which_o raise_v a_o perpendicular_a b_o c_o equal_a to_o â…“_n of_o a_o b_o so_o be_v c_o a_o visual_a point_n through_o which_o be_v to_o be_v draw_v the_o line_n a_o f_o cut_v the_o perpendicular_a d_o e_z in_o the_o point_n e_o and_o e_z a_o visual_a point_n through_o which_o be_v to_o be_v draw_v the_o line_n a_o n._n which_o do_v divide_v the_o perpendicular_a d_o e_z into_o eight_o equal_a part_n and_o make_v either_o of_o the_o line_n e_o n_n and_o e_o f_o equal_a to_o nine_o of_o those_o part_n and_o then_o from_o the_o point_n n_o and_o f_o of_o the_o line_n a_o n_n and_o a_o f_o let_v fall_v the_o perpendicular_a n_n o_o till_o it_o cut_v the_o line_n a_o f_o in_o the_o point_n o._n and_o so_o likewise_o the_o perpendicular_a e_o p_o till_o it_o cut_v the_o line_n a_o n_n in_o the_o point_n p._n last_o join_v the_o point_n a_o o_fw-fr n_o f_o p_o a_o and_o so_o you_o have_v a_o o_o and_o a_o p_o for_o the_o two_o face_n n_n o_o and_o f_o p_o for_o the_o two_o flank_n and_o n_n f_o for_o the_o curtain_n of_o that_o fortification_n and_o observe_v the_o same_o method_n from_o all_o the_o base_n the_o fortification_n become_v entire_a as_o in_o fig._n c._n 2._o from_o a_o square_a to_o a_o pentagon_n the_o method_n of_o delineat_v from_o a_o square_a to_o a_o pentagon_n be_v the_o very_a same_o with_o that_o from_o a_o pentagon_n to_o a_o right_a line_n only_o instead_o of_o mark_v out_o three_o length_n upon_o the_o half-base_a you_o be_v to_o mark_v out_o 15_o for_o the_o line_n g_o h._n and_o instead_o of_o 1_o you_o be_v to_o 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main_a strength_n in_o a_o design_n to_o take_v away_o our_o life_n honour_n and_o good_n or_o when_o we_o have_v a_o design_n to_o facilitate_v the_o passage_n for_o the_o assailant_n in_o confound_v or_o oppress_v the_o besiege_a in_o their_o fort_n with_o a_o cloudy_a and_o thick_a fume_n in_o such_o a_o sort_n that_o one_o may_v take_v they_o as_o amaze_v fish_n in_o trouble_a water_n for_o this_o purpose_n be_v globe_n prepare_v which_o while_o they_o be_v on_o fire_n produce_v a_o smoke_n so_o vehement_a and_o unpleasant_a and_o in_o so_o great_a abundance_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o withstand_v the_o incommodity_n without_o burst_v asunder_o see_v here_o the_o method_n take_v ship_n pitch_n in_o the_o stone_n 4_o l._n liquid_a
which_o i_o hold_v to_o be_v exceed_o good_a and_o necessary_a all_o but_o the_o 16_o which_o say_v that_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o flanque_n and_o courtine_n must_v always_o be_v a_o right_a angle_n as_o for_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o position_n we_o shall_v see_v more_o hereafter_o for_o i_o do_v assert_v the_o contrary_a and_o say_v that_o it_o ought_v always_o to_o exceed_v 90_o degree_n which_o angle_n be_v the_o only_a thing_n that_o make_v the_o difference_n in_o the_o form_n of_o my_o ground-line_n from_o those_o now_o in_o use_n beside_o that_o i_o take_v great_a part_n and_o other_o profile_v the_o truth_n be_v the_o flanque_n be_v the_o most_o considerable_a part_n of_o a_o fortification_n and_o those_o wherein_n lie_v its_o chief_a strength_n and_o therefore_o the_o structure_n of_o those_o be_v of_o so_o much_o the_o great_a consequence_n but_o now_o the_o reason_n of_o those_o who_o will_v have_v the_o flanque_n evermore_o perpendicular_a to_o the_o courtine_n be_v these_o that_o follow_v viz._n because_o all_o shot_n come_v from_o thence_o fly_v parallel_n to_o the_o courtine_n and_o that_o by_o night_n all_o part_n of_o the_o courtine_n may_v be_v better_o defend_v and_o that_o when_o it_o be_v very_o dark_a the_o soldier_n hold_v their_o musket_n in_o a_o right_a angle_n to_o their_o breast_n must_v needs_o hinder_v the_o enemy_n from_o approach_v the_o courtine_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o fig._n 1._o these_o reason_n be_v well_o scan_v and_o examine_v appear_v so_o weak_a that_o they_o be_v scarce_o worth_a the_o answer_n nevertheless_o i_o shall_v brief_o refute_v they_o the_o first_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o shot_n fly_v all_o parallel_n with_o the_o courtine_n whereupon_o i_o say_v whether_o the_o flanque_n be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o courtine_n or_o no_o the_o shot_n may_v for_o all_o that_o fly_v parallel_n with_o the_o courtine_n for_o the_o soldier_n know_v not_o how_o to_o make_v a_o right_a angle_n in_o set_v their_o musket_n i_o do_v also_o affirm_v that_o only_o one_o musqueteer_n can_v with_o one_o shot_n clear_v the_o whole_a courtine_n at_o once_o and_o all_o the_o rest_n must_v incline_v to_o it_o for_o if_o they_o do_v fly_v parallel_n than_o those_o who_o give_v the_o assault_n must_v have_v wing_n likewise_o that_o so_o they_o may_v be_v shoot_v in_o the_o air_n in_o case_n those_o within_o be_v to_o defend_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o wall_n or_o else_o the_o shot_n must_v fly_v only_o the_o height_n of_o four_o or_o five_o foot_n above_o the_o horizon_n as_o out_o of_o the_o fausse-bray_a that_o so_o they_o may_v keep_v parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n whereas_o contrariwise_o the_o flanque_n in_o these_o fortification_n be_v eighteen_o or_o twenty_o foot_n high_a and_o all_o shot_n go_v downward_o and_o therefore_o hit_v the_o horizon_n in_o one_o place_n only_o the_o principal_a duty_n of_o a_o musqueteer_n be_v that_o by_o nighttime_n he_o turn_v himself_o with_o his_o musket_n towards_o the_o place_n where_o he_o hear_v a_o noise_n or_o see_v fire_n or_o something_o else_o to_o which_o neither_o the_o perpendicularity_n nor_o the_o obliquity_n of_o flanque_n can_v give_v any_o advantage_n or_o become_v the_o least_o hindrance_n and_o these_o parallel-shot_n be_v only_o imaginary_a find_v out_o upon_o the_o ground-line_n which_o in_o the_o profile_v come_v far_o otherwise_o as_o fig._n 1._o num._n 1._o show_v the_o musquetteer_v a_o stand_n upon_o the_o flanque_n which_o be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o courtine_n clear_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o it_o in_o case_n the_o musquetteer_n b_o do_v the_o same_o and_o shoot_v parallel_n with_o a_o but_o then_o his_o bullet_n fly_v so_o far_o from_o the_o wall_n as_o he_o himself_o stand_v off_o from_o his_o fellow_n and_o so_o likewise_o all_o the_o rest_n that_o stand_v along_o in_o the_o same_o line_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o those_o who_o assault_n must_v be_v upon_o the_o wing_n or_o in_o the_o air_n or_o else_o be_v not_o to_o be_v hit_v by_o these_o parallel-shot_n but_o let_v the_o other_o without_o the_o point_n a_o as_o c_o d_o etc._n etc._n not_o shoot_v parallel_n with_o a_o than_o their_o shot_n can_v hit_v either_o the_o courtine_n or_o moat_n or_o bridge_n but_o in_o one_o place_n only_o which_o in_o a_o oblique_a flanque_n of_o a_o equal_a height_n will_v be_v the_o same_o now_o as_o for_o my_o flanque_n i_o order_v they_o after_o another_o method_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v of_o far_o great_a advantage_n than_o the_o former_a or_o any_o other_o that_o be_v ever_o yet_o in_o use_n which_o any_o artist_n may_v easy_o conceive_v when_o he_o view_v only_o the_o figure_n although_o no_o explanation_n or_o animadversion_n be_v make_v upon_o it_o in_o case_n he_o will_v but_o declare_v his_o judgement_n without_o partiality_n according_a to_o right_a reason_n and_o the_o practice_n of_o war._n the_o flanque_n or_o defending-line_n be_v the_o chief_a part_n of_o the_o fortification_n and_o aught_o therefore_o to_o be_v consider_v in_o the_o first_o place_n they_o have_v be_v alter_v several_a time_n already_o but_o never_o with_o any_o advantage_n comparable_a to_o what_o be_v obtain_v by_o these_o which_o advantage_n be_v distribute_v and_o have_v a_o influence_n upon_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o fortification_n the_o flanque_n with_o casematt_n be_v odious_a in_o the_o unite_a province_n because_o their_o orillon_n can_v not_o stand_v unless_o they_o be_v wall_v up_o with_o stone_n which_o be_v too_o chargeable_a as_o likewise_o by_o their_o cut_v and_o retire_v of_o the_o flanque_n mount_v with_o canon_n the_o entrance_n of_o the_o bulwork_n come_v to_o be_v too_o little_a which_o in_o my_o work_n be_v otherwise_o those_o who_o view_v my_o bulwork_n and_o do_v not_o understand_v the_o profile_v may_v also_o imagine_v that_o they_o be_v make_v with_o casematt_n but_o it_o be_v very_o far_o from_o that_o and_o there_o be_v something_o else_o in_o it_o which_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v sufficient_o declare_v and_o explain_v only_o let_v no_o man_n flatter_v himself_o with_o a_o opinion_n that_o forasmuch_o as_o so_o many_o brave_a captain_n and_o engineer_n have_v employ_v the_o best_a of_o their_o understanding_n and_o endeavour_n to_o arrive_v at_o the_o utmost_a perfection_n of_o this_o art_n of_o fortification_n it_o can_v be_v but_o that_o they_o have_v attain_v unto_o it_o whereas_o in_o the_o late_a war_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v and_o be_v daily_o see_v that_o the_o best_a fortress_n make_v after_o the_o manner_n aforesaid_a can_v scarce_o resist_v so_o much_o as_o two_o month_n and_o it_o be_v altogether_o needless_a to_o produce_v example_n of_o that_o which_o so_o many_o history_n do_v attest_v beside_o all_o this_o we_o be_v to_o know_v that_o the_o brave_a captain_n and_o engineer_n of_o this_o age_n know_v very_o well_o the_o imperfection_n of_o the_o modern_a flanque_n and_o therefore_o they_o have_v make_v it_o their_o business_n to_o think_v of_o it_o and_o the_o truth_n be_v many_o have_v confer_v with_o i_o about_o it_o but_o i_o do_v not_o find_v the_o invention_n propound_v by_o they_o practicable_a in_o all_o place_n and_o in_o this_o country_n it_o have_v not_o be_v mind_v because_o the_o spanish_a do_v seldom_o or_o never_o attack_v any_o place_n of_o consequence_n with_o a_o industrious_a force_n but_o be_v besiege_a in_o any_o of_o their_o own_o place_n do_v easy_o surrender_v it_o without_o trouble_v themselves_o much_o with_o the_o knowledge_n of_o engineership_n but_o i_o shall_v leave_v this_o subject_a and_o come_v to_o my_o purpose_n which_o be_v not_o to_o teach_v the_o ground_n or_o first_o rudiment_n of_o fortification_n but_o only_o to_o instruct_v the_o ingenious_a lover_n of_o that_o art_n how_o to_o reform_v those_o error_n which_o in_o these_o late_a furious_a and_o industrious_a war_n have_v be_v right_o discover_v in_o the_o modern_a fortification_n i_o style_v they_o furious_a and_o industrious_a because_o no_o history_n give_v a_o relation_n of_o any_o war_n that_o be_v carry_v on_o with_o great_a fury_n or_o of_o any_o city_n that_o be_v take_v with_o great_a industry_n in_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o discourse_n i_o shall_v manifest_v the_o error_n of_o modern_a fortification_n and_o in_o order_n thereunto_o i_o shall_v begin_v first_o from_o the_o ground-line_n and_o propound_v a_o part_n of_o a_o regular_a fortress_n of_o eleven_o bulwork_n according_a to_o the_o practice_n of_o friday_n and_o other_o modern_a mathematician_n who_o method_n i_o esteem_v to_o be_v much_o better_a than_o those_o of_o former_a age_n but_o before_o i_o proceed_v the_o enemy_n of_o stronghold_n aught_o in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o be_v know_v which_o be_v sappes_o spade_n pike_n canon_n mine_n and_o musket_n manage_v by_o soldier_n and_o command_v by_o skilful_a captain_n
and_o engineer_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o very_a same_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o defence_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o fortress_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v be_v convenient_a for_o use_v shall_v be_v prepare_v for_o it_o long_o before_o now_o this_o can_v be_v practise_v in_o small_a work_n where_o after_o the_o spring_a of_o one_o mine_n all_o be_v lose_v it_o be_v also_o necessary_a that_o the_o work_n shall_v outward_o be_v defend_v as_o well_o with_o canon_n as_o with_o musket_n by_o a_o great_a number_n of_o man_n and_o from_o more_o place_n of_o defence_n then_o can_v be_v do_v by_o the_o enemy_n convenient_o in_o his_o attacques_n and_o herein_o consist_v the_o virtue_n of_o a_o fortification_n for_o if_o the_o enemy_n do_v find_v place_n to_o make_v a_o battery_n of_o six_o or_o eight_o piece_n to_o break_v the_o flanque_n we_o ought_v to_o have_v a_o commodious_a place_n to_o plant_v twenty_o eight_o or_o thirty_o piece_n in_o contra-battery_n which_o will_v soon_o ruin_v the_o enemy_n battery_n be_v great_a in_o number_n and_o stand_v already_o in_o advantageous_a place_n whereas_o the_o enemy_n must_v first_o raise_v his_o battery_n under_o the_o danger_n of_o those_o canon-shot_n all_o which_o be_v premise_v and_o well_o consider_v let_v we_o now_o inquire_v whether_o our_o modern_a fortress_n have_v this_o conveniency_n and_o if_o not_o where_o the_o difference_n lie_v for_o example_n see_v fig._n 2._o num._n 2._o which_o be_v part_n of_o a_o work_n of_o eleven_o bastion_n and_o fortify_v after_o the_o best_a modern_a method_n and_o practice_n be_v fryday_n second_o way_n and_o according_a to_o the_o measure_n of_o these_o follow_a line_n a_o b_o polygone_n exterior_a 78.13_o long._n f_o g_o polygone_n interior_a 64.93_o long._n f_o e_o demy-gorge_n 14.19_o long._n a_o g_o capital-line_n 24.40_o long._n a_o c_o face_n 24.00_o long._n c_o d_o flanque_n 11.91_o long._n d_o e_o courtine_n 36.00_o long._n a_o e_o line_n of_o defence_n fichante_fw-fr 61.68_o long._n a_o h_n line_n of_o defence_n secant_fw-la 48.85_o long._n fig_n 11_o the_o modern_a engineer_n refer_v themselves_o much_o to_o the_o strength_n of_o their_o outwork_n whereof_o some_o nevertheless_o be_v very_a murthering-holes_n more_o troublesome_a than_o useful_a as_o i_o shall_v prove_v in_o due_a time_n but_o for_o the_o present_n shall_v only_o show_v how_o the_o fault_n of_o modern_a fortification_n may_v be_v rectify_v according_a to_o my_o method_n it_o be_v notorious_a to_o every_o one_o who_o understand_v fortification_n according_a to_o the_o maxim_n abovementioned_a that_o the_o long_o the_o defend_v line_n be_v the_o better_a they_o be_v and_o that_o according_a to_o axiom_n 9_o the_o long_a flanque_n and_o gorges_n be_v much_o the_o strong_a always_o provide_v they_o may_v be_v make_v without_o prejudice_n to_o other_o part_n or_o that_o they_o be_v weaken_v thereby_o as_o also_o that_o the_o great_a bulwork_n be_v better_a than_o the_o little_a one_o because_o retrenchment_n and_o countermine_n may_v be_v make_v within_o they_o and_o because_o more_o piece_n of_o canon_n and_o musqueteer_n may_v be_v place_v there_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o next_o bulwark_n and_o because_o it_o be_v fit_a for_o all_o other_o warlike_a action_n it_o be_v also_o notorious_a that_o the_o long_a polygones_n and_o regular_n fortress_n contain_v most_o room_n and_o therefore_o aught_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o short_a in_o case_n the_o line_n of_o defence_n in_o the_o fortification_n do_v not_o exceed_v the_o reach_n of_o a_o musket_n that_o be_v 60_o or_o 70_o rod_n for_o after_o this_o manner_n more_o space_n be_v include_v with_o few_o bulwork_n and_o therefore_o with_o less_o charge_n the_o other_o maxim_n be_v also_o very_o strict_o observe_v in_o my_o fortification_n now_o to_o obtain_v all_o these_o advantage_n i_o describe_v in_o fig._n 2._o num._n 2._o the_o ground-line_n of_o part_n of_o a_o eleven-angled_n work_n according_a to_o friday_n as_o also_o part_n of_o a_o eleven-angled_n work_n according_a to_o my_o own_o practice_n both_o of_o they_o fortify_v after_o our_o second_o method_n of_o fortify_v which_o be_v the_o most_o commodious_a and_o the_o fit_a for_o city_n of_o a_o ordinary_a extent_n but_o to_o fortify_v very_o great_a town_n it_o will_v be_v better_a to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o three_o method_n i_o shall_v therefore_o show_v first_o the_o difference_n of_o line_n in_o our_o two_o method_n and_o afterward_o the_o manner_n of_o apply_v the_o whole_a work_n unto_o practice_n see_v num._n 2._o fig._n 2._o the_o length_n of_o line_n in_o a_o eleven-angled_n work_v fortify_v after_o fryday_n second_o method_n a_o b_o exterior_a polygone_n 78.13_o f_o g_o interior_n polygone_n 64.38_o .._o .._o the_o little_a semi-diameter_n 114.26_o f_o e_o the_o gorge_n 14.19_o a_o g_o the_o capital-line_n 24.40_o a_o c_o the_o face_n 24.00_o c_o d_o the_o flanque_n or_o shoulder_n 11.91_o d_o e_o the_o courtine_n 36.00_o a_o e_o line_n of_o defence_n fichante_fw-fr 61.68_o a_o h_n line_n of_o defence_n secant_fw-la 48.85_o e_o h_n second_n flanque_n 14.19_o the_o length_n of_o line_n according_a to_o my_o second_o method_n in_o a_o figure_n of_o eleven_o angle_n a_o b_o 90.00_o f_o g_o 74.03_o ..._o 131.36_o f_o e_o 24.00_o a_o g_o 28.32_o a_o c_o 27.69_o c_o d_o 16.00_o d_o e_o 27.00_o a_o e_o 64.50_o a_o h_o 54.00_o e_o h_o 12.00_o here_o the_o difference_n of_o line_n be_v clear_o see_v and_o that_o my_o figure_n of_o eleven_o angle_n contain_v in_o the_o circuit_n of_o its_o exterior_a polygones_n 130._o 57_o ①_n more_o than_o that_o of_o fryday_n for_o his_o eleven_o polygones_n be_v 859.43_o ①_n in_o length_n and_o my_o eleven_o 990_o ⓪_n and_o my_o line_n of_o defence_n be_v no_o more_o than_o 2.72_o ①_n long_o than_o he_o which_o be_v little_a or_o no_o difference_n my_o flanque_n gorges_n and_o consequent_o whole_a bulwork_n 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12.72_o 14.43_o 14_o 17_o 19_o capital_n g_o c_o 21.26_o 24.20_o 26.89_o the_o same_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr flanque_n f_o m_n 9.54_o 10.68_o 11.87_o 11_o 12_o 13.5_o second_o flanque_n f_o n_n 12.98_o 14.53_o 16.16_o 8.5_o 10_o 10_o line_n of_o defence_n fichante_fw-fr ci_o 61.11_o 68.44_o 76.05_o 58_o 63.5_o 69_o interior_n polygone_n g_o l_o 58.73_o 65.89_o 73.09_o the_o same_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr distance_n of_o polygones_n f_o e_o 18.72_o 20.96_o 23.29_o the_o same_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o intelligent_a reader_n will_v see_v all_o thing_n better_a in_o the_o three_o figure_n numb_a i_o i_o i_o i._o and_o may_v measure_v it_o by_o the_o scale_n that_o be_v join_v to_o they_o by_o which_o all_o three_o of_o they_o be_v make_v and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o these_o line_n serve_v only_o for_o a_o hexagone_fw-mi but_o if_o any_o one_o will_v fortify_v another_o figure_n he_o must_v
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triumph_n and_o from_o this_o word_n antesignia_fw-la or_o antesigne_v for_o it_o have_v be_v so_o write_v in_o ancient_a record_n it_o have_v be_v judge_v that_o this_o word_n ancient_a in_o many_o place_n use_v among_o we_o and_o give_v to_o our_o ensign_n have_v be_v corrupt_o retain_v by_o we_o for_o it_o have_v no_o coherence_n in_o signification_n nor_o can_v any_o way_n be_v allude_v unto_o this_o officer_n more_o than_o to_o his_o antiquity_n and_o long_o stand_v in_o the_o war_n but_o this_o do_v not_o quench_v any_o flame_n in_o the_o enemy_n for_o the_o roman_n find_v they_o every_o way_n as_o eager_a in_o pursuit_n of_o these_o weak_a and_o feign_a device_n as_o the_o great_a hereditary_a coat-armour_n they_o can_v carry_v for_o when_o in_o any_o skirmish_n fortune_n make_v they_o master_n thereof_o they_o take_v as_o great_a pride_n as_o if_o they_o have_v subdue_v whole_a army_n and_o bear_v they_o with_o as_o much_o pomp_n and_o triumph_n as_o if_o they_o have_v get_v all_o rome_n in_o subjection_n which_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o other_o nation_n look_v into_o it_o present_o become_v a_o custom_n among_o all_o their_o army_n that_o thence_o forth_o no_o foot_n company_n or_o chieftain_n of_o the_o infantry_n shall_v carry_v in_o his_o ensign_n any_o coat-armour_n or_o other_o device_n what_o ever_o more_o than_o the_o mixture_n or_o true_a composition_n of_o two_o colour_n together_o with_o the_o general_a ensign_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o most_o eminent_a corner_n thereof_o and_o after_o this_o time_n the_o roman_n call_v their_o ensign-bearer_n no_o more_o antesignia_fw-la accidence_n read_v markham_n soldier_n accidence_n or_o antesigne_v but_o of_o late_a only_a signifier_n from_o significo_fw-la to_o to_o signify_v a_o thing_n as_o be_v man_n of_o special_a note_n and_o regard_n and_o that_o the_o thing_n signify_v be_v only_o a_o mark_n of_o much_o honour_n etc._n etc._n the_o spaniard_n and_o italian_n that_o take_v all_o their_o imitation_n from_o the_o roman_n who_o be_v their_o great_a lord_n and_o master_n do_v at_o this_o day_n call_v this_o officer_n alfere_n and_o make_v account_n of_o he_o next_o unto_o their_o captain_n not_o suffer_v any_o second_o to_o step_v in_o between_o they_o the_o dutch_a call_v this_o officer_n vandragon_n or_o vandragar_n which_o hold_v with_o the_o same_o signification_n and_o we_o of_o england_n proper_o call_v he_o ensign_n and_o in_o some_o country_n ancient_n the_o first_o from_o the_o thing_n he_o carry_v and_o the_o latter_a from_o the_o honour_n and_o antiquity_n of_o the_o institution_n and_o both_o may_v well_o be_v agree_v with_o the_o first_o title_n conceive_v better_a can_v be_v invent_v chap._n iii_o the_o original_a of_o horse_n and_o horse_n colour_n have_v treat_v of_o the_o definition_n and_o signification_n of_o the_o several_a name_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o ensign_n of_o foot_n i_o will_v now_o take_v leave_n to_o speak_v a_o little_a to_o the_o colour_n or_o mark_n of_o honour_n that_o be_v bear_v on_o horseback_n which_o i_o find_v by_o experience_a soldier_n to_o be_v full_a as_o ancient_a or_o rather_o more_o than_o those_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o foot_n company_n but_o omit_v all_o profane_a opinion_n and_o vain_a circumstance_n i_o find_v when_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n pass_v through_o the_o red_a sea_n how_o they_o be_v pursue_v by_o pharaoh_n and_o all_o his_o host_n which_o do_v consist_v most_o of_o chariot_n which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v account_v horseman_n and_o very_o proper_o too_o because_o be_v draw_v by_o the_o violent_a force_n of_o horse_n and_o lade_v with_o the_o strong_a and_o best_a experience_a soldier_n they_o have_v a_o double_a power_n to_o enter_v into_o battalia_n to_o disrank_v and_o break_v their_o array_n and_o to_o make_v their_o enemy_n to_o run_v into_o a_o rout_n and_o confusion_n and_o though_o they_o have_v not_o the_o use_n of_o our_o discipline_n nor_o the_o true_a manage_n of_o the_o horse_n as_o we_o have_v yet_o all_o their_o purpose_n and_o intent_n in_o the_o use_n of_o their_o chariot_n be_v to_o the_o same_o end_n to_o which_o at_o this_o day_n our_o horse_n be_v apply_v to_o these_o chariot_n belong_v colour_n or_o ensign_n of_o martial_a honour_n which_o be_v call_v standard_n or_o standart_v or_o the_o king_n imperial_a trophy_n indeed_o these_o be_v nothing_o so_o general_a as_o those_o on_o foot_n but_o more_o precious_a and_o reserve_v as_o a_o attribute_n only_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n and_o not_o to_o any_o other_o these_o standard_n be_v charge_v with_o the_o king_n imperial_a coat-armour_n and_o usual_o bear_v by_o a_o prince_n or_o some_o man_n of_o high_a place_n and_o dignity_n the_o imitation_n whereof_o we_o still_o pursue_v and_o follow_v at_o this_o day_n give_v it_o a_o superiority_n above_o all_o other_o ensign_n after_o the_o use_n of_o chariot_n be_v find_v out_o the_o use_n of_o elephant_n a_o warlike_a beast_n and_o of_o all_o other_o the_o strong_a for_o these_o cerry_v cartain_a little_a artificial_a house_n in_o the_o form_n of_o castle_n on_o their_o back_n in_o which_o be_v some_o few_o experience_a soldier_n 〈◊〉_d with_o warlike_a ensign_n and_o weapon_n by_o which_o they_o overthrow_v the_o foot_n compâ—â—â—_n and_o make_v passage_n through_o they_o in_o despite_n of_o all_o opposition_n as_o you_o shall_v read_v in_o the_o history_n of_o porus_n king_n of_o india_n not_o long_o after_o the_o exercise_n of_o elephant_n be_v find_v out_o the_o use_n of_o the_o single_a horse_n in_o those_o country_n where_o horse_n be_v most_o frequent_a as_o in_o arabia_n parthia_n persia_n and_o scythia_n for_o the_o asian_a part_n in_o barbary_n egypt_n and_o carthage_n for_o the_o part_n of_o africa_n and_o with_o we_o in_o europe_n in_o russia_n muscovia_n poland_n hungary_n italy_n but_o principal_o and_o above_o all_o the_o rest_n in_o france_n who_o be_v account_v in_o ancient_a time_n the_o flower_n of_o warlike_a horseman_n both_o in_o number_n and_o discipline_n therefore_o from_o they_o have_v be_v take_v our_o authority_n and_o example_n but_o now_o i_o conceive_v we_o may_v not_o go_v so_o far_o for_o either_o refer_v for_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o present_a mode_n of_o discipline_n in_o england_n for_o his_o majesty_n horse_n now_o in_o command_n it_o be_v think_v none_o can_v exceed_v they_o i_o have_v read_v of_o a_o guidon_n use_v with_o the_o light_a horse_n in_o former_a time_n antiquity_n tell_v we_o of_o gentleman_n at_o arm_n lancier_n and_o light_a horseman_n in_o the_o old_a war_n the_o gentleman_n at_o arm_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n own_o person_n or_o in_o his_o absence_n to_o his_o general_n only_o and_o the_o empresa_n of_o honour_n that_o they_o follow_v be_v the_o king_n standard_n royal_a be_v damask_n and_o charge_v with_o his_o coat-armour_n the_o lancier_n they_o have_v their_o cornet_n to_o follow_v which_o have_v device_n in_o they_o according_a to_o their_o commander_n pleasure_n and_o then_o the_o light-hors-man_n have_v their_o guidon_n which_o be_v somewhat_o long_o and_o sharp_a at_o the_o end_n but_o with_o a_o slit_n which_o make_v it_o double_v point_v much_o like_a to_o our_o late_a dragooner_n but_o for_o these_o guydon_n i_o need_v not_o stand_v upon_o only_o to_o show_v all_o along_o there_o be_v horse_n colour_n as_o ensign_n of_o honour_n use_v and_o now_o the_o cornet_n be_v most_o in_o use_n with_o we_o in_o england_n for_o the_o horse_n service_n i_o need_v not_o decipher_v the_o length_n or_o breadth_n of_o they_o chap._n iu._n of_o the_o dignity_n of_o ensign_n 1._o the_o dignity_n and_o estimation_n of_o ensign_n in_o all_o age_n have_v be_v hold_v most_o venerable_a and_o worthy_a they_o have_v be_v esteem_v the_o glory_n of_o the_o captain_n and_o his_o company_n and_o indeed_o they_o be_v no_o less_o for_o where_o they_o perish_v with_o disgrace_n there_o the_o captain_n honour_n fail_v and_o the_o soldier_n in_o hazard_n of_o ruin_n for_o if_o the_o loss_n proceed_v either_o from_o their_o cowardice_n or_o misgovernment_n it_o have_v be_v death_n by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n to_o all_o that_o survive_v and_o the_o best_a mercy_n that_o can_v be_v expect_v be_v that_o every_o soldier_n shall_v draw_v a_o lot_n for_o his_o life_n file_n by_o file_n so_o that_o one_o out_o of_o every_o file_n perish_v for_o it_o 2._o the_o next_o dignity_n of_o the_o ensign_n be_v that_o every_o soldier_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v enrol_v and_o have_v receive_v either_o pay_n or_o impress_n they_o ancient_o take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n to_o be_v faithful_a to_o their_o colour_n to_o attend_v they_o careful_o and_o to_o defend_v they_o valiant_o and_o that_o upon_o all_o summons_n of_o the_o trumpet_n or_o drum_n or_o command_v of_o their_o officer_n to_o repair_v to_o
see_v the_o construction_n in_o dogen_n pag._n 160_o 161._o if_o they_o be_v build_v before_o the_o courtine_n let_v their_o side_n be_v rather_o parallel_v and_o perpendicular_a on_o the_o courtine_n if_o they_o cover_v the_o whole_a courtine_n as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o and_o as_o we_o have_v express_v in_o the_o figure_n their_o defence_n will_v be_v from_o the_o face_n of_o those_o bulwork_n that_o the_o courtine_n lie_v betwixt_o if_o it_o do_v not_o cover_v the_o whole_a courtine_n as_o other_o will_v have_v it_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o side_n will_v be_v the_o great_a to_o wit_n both_o from_o the_o face_n of_o the_o bulwork_n and_o from_o part_n of_o the_o courtine_n betwixt_o the_o horn-work_n and_o the_o courtine_n there_o be_v common_o raise_v a_o raveline_n nay_o before_o the_o work_n itself_o betwixt_o each_o of_o its_o horn_n a_o raveline_n or_o rather_o a_o halfmoon_n may_v be_v build_v to_o conclude_v you_o will_v add_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o strength_n to_o this_o work_n if_o you_o make_v some_o retrenchment_n but_o of_o that_o afterward_o iii_o its_o delineation_n 1._o let_v there_o be_v draw_v two_o parallel_n e_z i_o f_o k_o for_o the_o side_n of_o the_o horn-work_n from_o the_o out-brestwork_a towards_o the_o field_n at_o such_o a_o distance_n that_o if_o they_o be_v produce_v towards_o the_o main_a work_n they_o may_v fall_v in_o a_o strait_a line_n with_o the_o flanque_n of_o the_o bulwork_n or_o if_o you_o desire_v a_o less_o breadth_n for_o the_o horn-work_n let_v they_o fall_v within_o the_o flanque_n on_o the_o courtine_n itself_o but_o the_o end_n of_o these_o side_n must_v not_o be_v above_o musquet-shot_a from_o the_o rampar_n wherefore_o they_o must_v not_o run_v beyond_o the_o rampar_n above_o sixty_o rhynland_a perch_n yet_o these_o sixty_o rhynland_a perch_n use_v to_o be_v count_v from_o the_o out-brestwork_a that_o so_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o enemy_n may_v be_v the_o more_o infest_a join_v e_o f_o on_o which_o make_v the_o angle_n f_o e_o g_o e_o f_o h_n twenty_o five_o degree_n each_o then_o bisect_v one_o of_o these_o f_o e_o g_o with_o the_o right_a line_n e_o l_o meeting_n with_o f_o h_n in_o c_z then_z from_z e_z g_z cut_z off_z e_z d_o equal_a to_o f_o c_o so_fw-mi will_v f_o c_o e_o d_o be_v the_o face_n of_o the_o half_a bulwork_n 3._o from_o the_o point_n d_o and_o c_o draw_v d_o a_n and_o c_o b_o equal_a and_o parallel_v to_o e_o i_o and_o f_o k_n for_o the_o flanque_n of_o the_o horn_n and_o join_v the_o courtine_n a_o b_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o flanque_n d_o a_n and_o c_o b_o to_o the_o face_n will_v be_v almost_o the_o same_o as_o use_v to_o be_v in_o regular_a fortification_n also_o after_o this_o manner_n follow_v the_o capital_a and_o gorge_n line_n the_o flanque_n and_o courtine_n will_v be_v with_o more_o ease_n determine_v for_o ⅓_n of_o e_o f_o give_v the_o capital_n e_o n_n and_o f_o m_o also_o ⅓_n of_o m_o n_n or_o e_o f_o give_v the_o gorge_n line_n n_o at_fw-fr m_o b_o and_o there_o remain_v for_o the_o courtine_n a_o b_o also_o ⅓_n the_o right_a line_n m_o e_z n_o f_o will_v determine_v the_o length_n of_o the_o flanque_n raise_v from_o a_o and_o b_o and_o so_o also_o the_o face_n e_o d_o f_o c_o will_v be_v find_v these_o thing_n be_v do_v a_o horn-work_n be_v delineate_v such_o as_o use_n to_o be_v stretch_v before_o the_o courtine_n in_o a_o regular_a fortification_n the_o delineation_n of_o the_o rest_n will_v be_v perform_v almost_o by_o the_o like_a method_n have_v always_o a_o respect_n to_o the_o place_n note_n that_o here_o be_v a_o twofold_a practice_n in_o build_v horn-work_n 1._o that_o the_o courtine_n may_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o face_n 2._o the_o face_n by_o the_o courtine_n iv_o its_o use_n if_o ravelin_n halfmoon_n and_o horn-work_n be_v build_v about_o a_o fortify_v place_n the_o fortification_n be_v account_v most_o complete_a and_o perfect_a who_o use_n consist_v most_o in_o this_o 1._o they_o keep_v off_o the_o enemy_n far_o from_o the_o fortification_n 2._o they_o be_v take_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o difficulty_n for_o they_o be_v defend_v from_o the_o courtine_n from_o the_o bulwork_n and_o from_o the_o adjacent_a work_n and_o some_o line_n from_o the_o out-brestwork_a itself_o 3._o be_v take_v and_o possess_v they_o can_v hardly_o be_v keep_v because_o they_o lie_v open_a towards_o the_o fortification_n 4._o horn-work_n be_v most_o destructive_a to_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o under_o their_o shelter_n the_o besiege_a may_v work_v counter_a as_o occasion_n shall_v offer_v etc._n etc._n prop._n iu._n of_o the_o have_v in_o french_a tenaile_n i._o their_o definition_n and_o kind_n they_o be_v outwork_n that_o differ_v from_o horn-work_n almost_o only_o in_o this_o that_o instead_o of_o two_o half_a bulwork_n they_o have_v only_o a_o external_a angle_n and_o this_o sort_n be_v call_v the_o single_a one_o it_o it_o call_v the_o double_a one_o when_o it_o have_v two_o outward_a angle_n with_o one_o inward_a the_o twelve_o figure_n show_v the_o single_a one_o the_o thirteen_o the_o double_a one_o now_o this_o outward_a angle_n be_v that_o which_o be_v without_o the_o figure_n and_o who_o side_n incline_v inward_o the_o inward_a be_v that_o which_o be_v within_o the_o figure_n with_o its_o side_n run_v outward_a ii_o their_o place_n the_o same_o as_o that_o of_o the_o horn-work_n yet_o it_o will_v hardly_o be_v expedient_a to_o lay_v they_o before_o bulwork_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o weakness_n of_o which_o num._n 4._o iii_o its_o delineation_n 12._o fig._n 12._o you_o must_v describe_v a_o single_a one_o after_o this_o manner_n draw_v the_o side_n a_o c_o b_o d_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o the_o delineation_n of_o horn-work_n which_o be_v already_o prescribe_v unless_o these_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v short_a viz._n than_o forty_o or_o fifty_o perch_n 2._o join_v c_o d_o which_o bisect_v in_o f_o and_o from_o f_o let_v fall_v the_o perpendicular_a f_o e_o equal_a to_o ¼_n of_o c_o d_o and_o join_v c_o e_z and_z d_o e_z so_o have_v you_o the_o simple_a external_a angle_n 13._o fig._n 13._o draw_v the_o double_a one_o after_o this_o manner_n have_v draw_v the_o side_n a_o c_o b_o d_o as_o above_z join_v c_o d_o which_o be_v bisect_v in_o g_o from_z g_z raise_v the_o perpendicular_a g_o e_z equal_a to_o ¼_n of_o c_o d_o and_o join_v c_o e_z and_z d_o e._n 2._o produce_v e_z g_o to_o f_o till_o g_o f_o be_v the_o half_a of_o g_z e_z and_o the_o right_a line_n c_o e_o d_o e_o be_v bisect_v in_o k_o and_o h_n join_v f_o k_o and_o f_o h_n so_o will_v a_o c_o k_n f_o h_o d_o b_o be_v the_o double_a have_v or_o double_a external_a angle_n iv_o its_o strength_n and_o use_n they_o be_v much_o inferior_a to_o the_o horn-work_n insomuch_o that_o they_o seem_v only_o then_o to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o when_o some_o sudden_a occasion_n urge_v moreover_o the_o defect_n of_o these_o have_v and_o of_o all_o external_a angle_n be_v this_o that_o about_o its_o very_a angle_n it_o afford_v the_o enemy_n a_o certain_a quadrangular_a space_n within_o which_o he_o need_v not_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o shot_n of_o the_o defendant_n this_o space_n be_v determine_v if_o the_o outward_a sloap_a surface_n of_o the_o brestwork_n be_v conceive_v to_o be_v produce_v till_o it_o cut_v the_o field_n its_o capacity_n be_v almost_o equal_a to_o twenty_o three_o rhynland_a perch_n which_o will_v be_v easy_o compute_v since_o then_o this_o sort_n of_o building_n be_v so_o much_o against_o the_o first_o law_n of_o architecture_n it_o will_v be_v almost_o necessary_a to_o raise_v a_o raveline_n before_o it_o the_o double_a have_v since_o they_o have_v a_o double_a external_a angle_n k_o and_o h_n will_v likewise_o double_a the_o defect_n already_o speak_v of_o wherefore_o they_o be_v less_o use_v prop._n v._o of_o the_o crownwork_n i._o its_o definition_n that_o work_n be_v call_v a_o crownwork_n that_o have_v on_o both_o side_n two_o half_a bulwork_n 14._o fig._n 14._o and_o in_o the_o middle_a one_o or_o more_o whole_a one_o therefore_o it_o be_v the_o part_n of_o some_o regular_a fortification_n and_o seem_v to_o have_v this_o name_n give_v it_o because_o it_o do_v as_o it_o be_v encompass_v part_n of_o the_o fortification_n ii_o its_o place_n be_v the_o same_o as_o that_o of_o horn-work_n though_o the_o crownwork_n can_v cover_v more_o of_o the_o fortification_n than_o the_o horn-work_n and_o sometime_o they_o be_v draw_v about_o horn-work_n their_o chief_a use_n be_v to_o enclose_v neighbour_a place_n that_o may_v inse_v the_o town_n as_o hill_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o prevent_v the_o enemy_n iii_o