times suffer horrid Injuries to be done to their Prince although he never offended them but when any hope arises of Revenge then they are apt enough to assist Thus when our Richard the III. murther'd with his own hand King Henry the VI. and caused the two young innocent Princes to be destroy'd all was quiet until the next Heâ—r landed although with but a handful of men then People flockt in to him in such numbers as soon enabled him to overthrow the Usurper who although in his short Reign had very wisely enacted divers popular Laws to win the Love of his People yet all would not suffice for he being observ'd to be bloudily revengeful and false it was believ'd if he was once settled his good Laws would not have long prevail'd against his Tyranny But if instead of those good Laws he had begun with Violence and Oppression then infallibly he had not been endured so long nor found so many to assist him as he did This plainly appear'd in the case of Rehoboam who though he was the right lawful Heir yet because he would not give any way to the Peoples Petition ten parts of twelve fell from him and God Almighty owned the thing to have been from him not that God is the Author of Rebellion but that by the Instinct of Nature which God has planted in all men there is a desire to live comfortably when if they perceive all hope of that to be taken from them and no hopes in obedience then what courses that despair will drive men into may easily be foreseen by any who observe the proceedings of uncatechized Nature which teaches more what men formerly have done what they do and what hereafter they will do than what by the Rules of Duty they should do When a People is oppress'd by a Prince they should make use only of their Preces and Lachrymae however some are so mutinous as to fly to their Sword and others so treacherous as by opposing all Petitions from the People they take away their Preces and leave them only their Lachrymae Now this want of softning and easing the Government was the ruine of these Usurpers and is the usual Rock upon which most Usurpers split for their many Enemies and want of Title makes them keep a standing Army which sooner or later brings inevitable Ruine to the Government first by their Rapine they make the Prince odious for all men hate the Master who sets his Dog upon them more than they do the Dog himself and then when he is odious to all men he is totally at the Souldiers mercy and if you observe the usual Method of the old Pretorian Bands was to knock their Emperor on the head and set the Crown at sale to who will give most the People all the while looking on with applause And we who have seen the late Tragedy acted by our Usurpers on the Scene of England do well know that His Majesty's Restoration and the Usurper's Ruine was next under God brought to pass by their own Army under the Command of General Monck who was since for his special Service created Duke of Alâ—â—marle CHAP. XIV Of the Oxydracks and their impregnable City That they chase away their Enemies not with Arms but with Thunder and Lightning sent from Jupiter which were heretofore made use of against Hercules and Bacchus That the Egyptian Hercules came to Gades not the Theban A long Dispute whether the Drinkers of Wine or Water be the best Sleepers Of Medicines provoking Sleep And of the Prophet Amphiaraus APollonius hereunto replying said You have indeed acted the Return of the Heraclidae and the Gods are to be prais'd for their good will that they concurr'd to the Voyage of a good man returning to his own But I entreat you to tell me whether these are the wise men which were with Alexander and being brought to him discours'd to him Philosophically concerning the Heavens The King answer'd They were the 1 Oxydracks which Nation liveth free and is trained up to War moreover they pretend to 2 wisdom but know nothing that is good The true wise men inhabit in the midst between Hyphasis and Ganges into which Parts Alexander never came not that he stood in fear of them but was I suppose prohibited by sacred Presages For if he had cross'd Hyphasis and been able to seize on the Territories of that People yet the Tower which they inhabit he could never have taken though he brought with him ten thousand Achilles's and thirty thousand Ajaxes for neither do they fight with those that come against them but with prodigious Tempests and Thunderbolts chase away the Enemies as being themselves accounted sacred and beloved by the Gods Howbeit they relate that the Egyptian Hercules and Bacchus who march'd with their Armies through India did both come against that People and frame all manner of Engines and attempt the Place notwithstanding the Citizens seem'd to make no resistance but to remain unmoved till the Enemy came close to the Tower and then 3 fiery Tempests beat them back with Thundrings descending and falling upon their Armies At which time Hercules is reported to have flung away his golden Buckler which those wise men did for a Monument hang up in the Temple as well out of an opinion they had of Hercules as for the Sculpture of the Buckler it self for Hercules was thereon pictured setting Bounds to the Earth near Gades and erecting Mountains as Pillars to exclude the Ocean from whence it may manifestly be gather'd that it was the Egyptian Hercules and not the Theban that came to 4 Gades and there prescribed Limits to the Earth As they were discoursing in this manner the sound of singing with a Pipe began to be heard And when Apollonius asked what this mirth meant the King's Answer was That the Indians do by such kind of Musick admonish the King when he goeth to Bed that he have good Dreams and that he arise kind to and careful of his Subjects In what manner said Apollonius are you O King affected towards such things for they play on the Pipe and sing of you The King answer'd I deride not such things for one must admit of them for the Law 's sake although I stand not in need of any such admonition for in what a King shall do modestly and kindly he shall more gratifie himself than his Subjects Having thus discourst together both betook themselves to sleep After the day began to appear the King came to the Chamber where Apollonius and his Companions lay when having found out his Bed he saluted the man and ask'd him what he was musing upon for I suppose said he that you are not now sleeping in as much as you drink Water and deride Wine Whereto Apollonius answer'd Do you not think they sleep who drink Water Yes said the King but very gentle sleep such as we say seizeth only on the Eyes and not on the Mind Nay said Apollonius they sleep
promote them and his Authority recommends them to every body else A Prince therefore to those that see and hear him ought to appear all Goodness Integrity Humanity and Religion which last he ought to pretend to more than ordinarily because more men do judge by the eye than by the touch for every body sees but few understand every body sees how you appear but few know in reality what you are and those few dare not oppose the opinion of a multitude who have the Majesty of their Prince to defend them Solon Lycurgus Numa and all other heathen Law-givers were fain to crave the assistance of Religion in the establishment of their new Governments Now the Religion of the Gentiles ran much upon the Answers of Oracles Divinations and Soothsaying upon which all the rest of their Sacrifices Rights and Ceremonies did depend for they did not doubt but that the same thing which could presage your fortune be it good or be it bad could as easily confer it Among other kinds of Foretellers we read of three principally used in former times namely Auruspices Auspices and Augures all which we English Soothsayers though the Latin words do import a main difference for the Auruspices did divine or foretel things to come by beholding the Entrails of Beasts sacrificed whence they had their Name ab Aras inspiciendo from beholding the Altars The Auspices did foretel things by beholding the flight of Birds so that Auspices are said quasi Avispices ab Aves aspiciendo Lastly The Augures did divine from hearing the chattering or crowing of Birds as Philostratus here says the Arabians did whence they are called Augures ab Avium garritu from the chirping and chattering of Birds which Art as our Author here says they learn'd by eating the Heart or Liver of Dragons also Solinus affirms that for this purpose the Arabians used to eat Serpents Now for the particular kinds of Soothsayings I shall not trouble you with here but refer you to Caelius Rhodiginus Rosini Antiquitates Romanae Godwin's Antiquities and others who describe the manner of them at large I shall only give you some short hint of their politick Institution and so conclude First then Iulius Caesar Vaninus dial 56. lib. 4 saith that the Soothsayings of the Ancients are the fables and illusions of Priests to get money and praise as also the figments of heathen Princes to keep the people in awe with the fear of a supream Deity If Auguries foretel future events then they are either their causes or effects for thus Astronomers give judgment by the Stars the efficients of sublunary things and Physicians by effects but Auguries are none of those things wherefore they are vainly used to the foreknowledge of things to come Among the Gentiles Auguries were a great part of their Religion and as the wise Mâ—chiavil observes they contributed not a little to the well-being of the Roman Commonwealth for which reason the Romans esteem'd them above any other Ordinance and made use of them in the creation of Consuls in the undertaking of Enterprizes in drawing out their Armies in their Battels and Engagements and in every other business of importance whether Military or Civil nor would they ever begin an Expedition till they had possess'd the Souldiers that the Gods had promis'd them success Among the several Orders of Auspices they had one call'd the Pullarii who were to give their Presages ever before they fought the Enemy If the Pullen over which they had inspection eat it was a good Omen and they might with confidence engage but if they did not eat it was an ill sign and they were obliged to forbear Thus the Chickens who refused their meat and flew out of the Coop foretold the overthrow of Maâ—cinus by the Numantines and of Lâ—cius Papyrius in the Battel against the Samniâ—es Wherefore as Vâ—â—inus observes to prevent any such dis-encouragement to the superstitious Army when the Commanders were very desirous of giving Battel and the Souldiers unwilling for fear of danger that they might excite them to fight manfully they endeavour'd to engage them not with humane but divine counsel and therefore kept Chickens long fasting and afterwards brought them almost famish'd out of the Coop who greedily devoured the meat that was cast before them Then the Augurs being clad in their solemn Robes did with much gravity and stroaking their Beards in the name of the Gods promise victory to the Army and so enflamed the credulous multitude to fight to the destruction of their Enemies On the contrary when the General was unwilling to hazard a Battel he offer'd meat to the Chickens when their bellies were full and when they refused it the Augurs who were ever of the secret Council of War did beseech the Souldiers by the bowels of the Gods not to engage the Enemies for that the Gods being angry for the sins of the Army did threaten their ruine whereupon all obeying those Admonitions of so great an high-Priest abstain'd from Battel neither was that attributed to the cowardise of the General but to destiny Also when they were vanquish'd or put to flight that it might not reflect on their valour they feign'd that they fought contrary to the Answers of their Augurs Thus Flaminius perish'd together with his Army for not being obedient to the Augurs The chief and most eminent Office among the Romans was that of the Augurs the veneration and honour given to them was so great that they were look'd upon not only as the Gods Interpreters but also as Messengers and Agents betwixt them and mankind Besides they were ever advanced to the Senate and the rather as is conceiv'd because from the first foundation of Rome until the change of the Government Kings themselves were Augurs as thinking it unsafe to dis-joyn from the Regal Power a discipline so full of Authority like as our King here in England is Head as well of the Church as State which Power in Catholick Countreys is divided between the King and that old Roman Augur the Pope Now the chief end of Auguries was to encourage Souldiers to fight with more alacrity and confidence which contributed much to their success nor was any Magistrate chosen till they were first consulted Those who to Empire by dark paths aspire Still plead a Call to what they most desire Mr. Dryden Thus as Livy informs us Romulus and Numa could receive their Scepters only from the Augurs hands Neither did they begin to build Cities till they had first por'd into the Entrails of Beasts for if they were found they argued the temperateness and fruitfulness of the Soyl but if they were lean and shrivell'd that shew'd the Clime to be unhealthy for many times they drew their Conjectures from other natural Causes and yet ascribed them to Augury Now this Art of Augury is very ancient especially in Italy Greece and Asia minor where one Car or Cara is said to have invented it and Orpheus to have amplified it for as they
adored by the Inhabitants of that Countrey as so many Gods And this saith Diodorus is the account which Fables give of Semiramis's Birth which as Sabellicus observes very much resembles the Fictions which Posterity invented of Cyrus and Romulus not to mention the true and sacred Narrative of Moses Now Semiramis surpassing all other Virgins in beauty and being then marriageable Menon the Governour of Syria who had been sent by the King to take an account of his Cattel and residing at Simma's House fell in Love with her and married her then carrying her back with him to the City of Niniveh he there had two Sons by her Iapetes and Idaspes Now her beauty did so totally influence Menon that wholly resigning up himself to Semiramis he would do nothing without her advice But Fortune who envies nothing so much as the happiness of Lovers would not permit them long to enjoy this mutual and calm satisfaction for the Prince is engaged in the Fields of Mars and the Subject must not lye sleeping at home in the Embraces of Venus King Ninus is storming the City Bactria and Menon his Officer must no longer absent himself from the Camp Therefore leaving Venus for Mars his Semiramis for the War Menon posts away to the King who was then besieging Bactria where he had not continued long but impatient of his Wifes absence he sends for Semiramis to accompany him in the Camp Thereupon she being a most prudent Woman and endued with more courage than is usually found in that Sex making use of this opportunity of shewing her extraordinary vertue undertakes the Journey in obedience to her Husband notwithstanding it was long and tedious But to render it the less difficult she attires her self in such a Garment as she might pass either for Man or Woman upon occasion and which would not only protect her from the heat of the Weather but was withall so light as it could no ways incommode her in case of any Action which Habit was so generally approved of that first the Medes and afterwards the Persians when they possest the Asiatick Empire did for a long time use no other than this Semirian Garment Now in this Dress she arrived incognito at the Assyrian Camp where having observ'd the posture of the Siege as also the situation of the City she discover'd that the Castle naturally strong and difficult of access was therefore neglected and unprovided of men for its Guard the Bactrians at that time being wholly imploy'd in defending the Outworks of the City which the Assyrians only assaulted as looking upon the Castle impregnable Whereupon Semiramis having privately made this observation selects out of the whole Army a Detachment of such men as were best skill'd in climbing up steep Rocks and Mountains who with much difficulty ascending up thorow the rough and narrow passages made themselves Masters of one part of the Castle when to amaze the Enemy she makes a dreadful noise withall giving notice to the Besiegers that the Castle was taken whereat the Besieged within were so terrified that evacuating themselves they abandoned the defence of the Town and attempted nothing more but the saving of their own Lives by flight The City thus taken and Semiramis discover'd all persons were in admiration of her heroick Vertue and Beauty in so much that King Ninus himself who is call'd in the Scripture Ashur falling desperately in Love with her did first by fair means require her Husband Menon to resign up his Wife to him which he refusing to do the King at length threatned him with the loss of both his Eyes to prevent which Torture Menon desiring of Evils to choose the least did with his own hands strangle himself Hereupon the King married his Widow Semiramis by whom he had one Son called Ninus the second or Ninyas and soon after died leaving the Government both of his Son and Kingdom to Semiramis There are various Reports concerning this Ninus's Death for some with Orosius and Reusnerus will have it that he died of a Wound receiv'd by a Dart in the Bactrian War but Diodorus tells us that the Athenians and other Historians affirm that Semiramis presuming upon the influence of her Beauty requested Ninus that she might be invested with the Royal Robes and rule absolutely but for five days whereunto he assenting she after having made experiment of the Fidelity and Obedience of some of her Guards commands them to imprison the King her Husband which immediately they perform'd and by this means she assumed the Government of the Empire Herewith likewise both Aelian and Plutarch agree differing only in these Circumstances that whereas Diodorus saith she imprison'd him they affirm that she kill'd him also whereas Diodorus and Aelian write that she requested to rule five days Plutarch says her petition was but for one day Now for Semiramis's Government after her Husband's Death Iustin gives us this Account of it That Ninus himself being slain and his Son Ninus but young Semiramis not daring to commit the Government of so great an Empire to a Boy nor openly to exercise the Command of it her self so many and so powerful Nations being scarcely obedient to a Man would be much less to a Woman did counterfeit her self to be the Son instead of the Wife of Ninus and a Boy instead of a Woman They were both of a middle Stature their Voice but soft their Complexion and Features of Face as likewise the Lineaments of their Bodies were alike both in Mother and Son she therefore with Rayment cover'd her Arms and Thighs putting a Tire on her Head and that she might not seem to conceal any thing by her new Habit she commanded the people all to be cloath'd in the same Attire which that whole Nation have ever since observ'd having thus counterfeited her Sex she was believ'd to be a young Man After this she made her self famous by great Atchievements by the magnificence whereof when she thought shâ— had overcome all Envy she confess'd who she was and whom she had counterfeited neither did this detract from the dignity of her Government but rather increas'd her admiration that a Woman not only surpass'd her own Sex but also the bravest of Men in Vertue She builded Babylon as I shew'd before and being not contented to defend the bounds of the Empire obtain'd by her Husband she not only made an addition to the same of all Aethiopia but also carried the War into India which besides her self and Alexander the Great never any invaded At last when she desired to lye with her own Son she was kill'd by him Thus far Iustin lib. 1. Arrianus and others allow her a more honourable death and say that marching against the Indians with an Army of 3000000 Infantry and 50000 Cavalry besides 100000 Chariots she was overthrown by Stanrobates upon the Banks of Indus and there slain or as some will have it turn'd into a Dove Venus's Bird whence the Babylonians ever after carried a
to their own when if the Heretick as they call him repent on his Death-bed then they boast of such repentance as a victory over his former Opinions although perhaps it was occasion'd only by the decay of his understanding with sickness Also if he keeps firm and resolute to his old Principles then they cry his heart is hardned so that in effect it is no more than Cross I win Pile you lose let either way happen they will have something to say for themselves But let them have a care of stamping the impress of divine vengeance upon other mens sufferings lest in so doing they pen a Satyr against themselves Te Pater Alme Expertus fidensque sequar quo duxeris ibo 2 The City of Lacedaemon the most famous City of all Peloponesus call'd heretofore by some Sparta but at this day Miâ—itrae it was as our Author here mentions without any Walls situate 120 miles South from Athens and 30 miles Eastward from Megalopolis being at present under the Dominion of the Turk They were heretofore govern'd by the Laws of Lycurgus but Aulus Gellius lib. 11 18. writes that amongst them Theft was not only permitted but commended 3 These Riches are to me nothing but Straw c. What Apollonius here speaks against Riches I conceive to be meant rather as an Invective against Superfluity than an Encomium of Beggary and Want for to that purpose was his former Prayer To have a few things and stand in need of none Neither is Poverty less obstructive to the study of Philosophy than Superfluity the inconveniencies of Body and Fortune are hindrances in the acquiring those Goods of the Soul namely Knowledge and Vertue for Knowledge requires a generous and liberal not a sordid Soul like that of a poor man whom Alciat's Emblem very well represents by a Lad with one hand stretched up into the Air with wings fastned to it intimating a desire to fly higher but the other hand fastned to a heavy stone hinders him for their spirit being loaden with misery thinks of nothing but the means how to live and to be deliver'd from the heavy yoke of Necessity which deprives them of the opportunity of having either living or dumb Teachers He that hath this Frierly contempt of Riches let him consider how comes it to pass that in a cold Winters night whilst others lye abroad starving in the Fields I have my warm Bed to go to read made and warm'd without any care of mine Is it not Money makes the difference When after I have rid a Journey that another man takes my Horses rubs their heels and dresses them without giving me any further trouble what may I thank for this but Money When I sit down to a Table well furnish'd with several dishes of meat have no other care but to please my Palate in eating them whilst other poor Creatures stand starving at my door desiring only to go halfs with the Dogs in the scraps that come from my Servants Table to what can I impute this difference betwixt them and me who are all one flesh and bloud but to Riches So that in fine he who contemns Money doth in so doing contemn all quiet peace and content of Life without which a man would have but a very ill mind to Philosophize Moreover Poverty makes men despise the rigor of all Laws and oft-times abandons them to rage and despair which making them hate their own miserable Life renders them Masters of those of others Hence not only Mutinies Seditions and Revolts are commonly made by the poor and miserable lovers of Innovation wherein they are sure to lose nothing and may possibly gain but also are almost the sole Authors of Theft Murders and Sacriledges Whereas rich persons having from their Birth receiv'd such good Instructions as the poor want are more stay'd in their actions and better inclin'd to Honesty and Vertue which without Fortunes and Estates can never produce any thing great or considerable whereupon in our Language Riches are justly styled Means without the assistance whereof Justice can neither render to every man what belongs to him nor repel the Enemies of the State by a just War whereof Money is by some called the Sinew Upon this account they are sought after by all the World as being the only support of Nobility and Families in a State in which for this Reason some Politicians place Nobility but all agree them to be the chiefest ornament belonging to it And in Policy whether Riches be acquired or come to by Succession they are always in esteem as on the contrary Poverty is disparaged with reproach as a sign either of base Extraction or of Negligence and Profusion He that is born to be poor is born to be a Slave and such a one is as unfit to be trusted with a publick Charge as with a sum of Money whereas Wealth raises the Courage incites to great Attempts and serves as a Spur to Vertue I confess I am not Philosopher enough to desire to beg from door to door or to lye starving under a Hedge in a cold Winters night for so they must endure who want Money no I would not do so much as Democritus did to fit contemplating on the Stars whilst the Cattel was eating up his Corn. Miramur si Democriti pecus edit agellos Cultaque dum peregré animus sine corpore velox Horat. Lib. 1. Ep. 11. When I hear a young pert Master of Arts new launch'd from the University begin to decry Riches as Muck Dirt Straw and the like I cannot but call to mind the Fable of Aesop's Fox who complain'd the Grapes were sowr when he could not reach them But in this matter I think 't is safest to refer this Subjects Debate to Agar who prays of God to give him neither Riches for fear of Pride nor Poverty for fear of becoming a Thief since there is many a man hang'd for committing a Robbery who had he been born to a plentiful Fortune might have been as honest a man as the Judg that condemn'd him and on the other side we who are now his Spectators might have been his fellow-Criminals had we been born under the malevolent Influence of the same Poverty But however in this as in all other things a mean is best and he that as a single man cannot live with 600 pounds a year would not subsist with 6000. As the Baggage to an Army so is excessive Wealth to Vertue it cannot be spared nor left behind but yet it hindreth the March yea and the care of it sometimes loseth or disturbeth the Victory Wherefore I am as great an enemy to Superfluity as to Poverty for as Solomon saith Where much is there are many to consume it and what hath the owner but the fight of it with his eyes Of great Riches there is no real use except it be in distribution the rest is but concelt there is a custody of them a power of Dole or donative of them or a
12 whole years whereof the first six were only over the Kingdom of Macedon the rest over the whole Empire King Philip being slain by Pausanias out of a private revenge young Alexander succeeded to his Kingdom in the 20th year of his Age when he had no sooner settled himself in his Throne and finish'd his Father's Exâ—quies but was surrounded with Troubles on every side from his Neighbours who thought to take the advantage of his Youth to dispossess him of his Kingdom as did the Athenians in their Conspiracy with Attalus also the rest of the Barbarians who were subject to the Kingdom of Macedon Whereupon Alexander first reduced the Barbarians near the River Danubius where in a great Battel he overthrew Syrmus King of the Triballians 2. Having understood that the Thebans revolted from him his next Expedition was against Thebes as well as against the â—thenians who were in Confederacy with the Thebans against both these he proved very successful the stubborn Thebanâ— refusing all oâ—â—â—rs of kindness from Alexander were together with their City utterly ruin'd and destroy'd whereas the Athenians rendring themselves upon discretion and imploring remission for their faults were again receiv'd into his favour it is remarkable in the subversion of Thebes that Alexander shew'd his generous esteem of Vertue and Learning when he preserv'd and pardon'd the vertuous Lady Timoclea the whole Family of Poet Pindorus together with all the Priests and Religious Orders excepting which he sold all the rest for Slaves 3. By this means Alexander having settled all his Affairs at home and being unanimously elected General of all Greece a Council of War was call'd in order to the enlarging his Empire abroad wherein it was resolv'd that his next attempt should be upon Asia when being interrupted his passage at the River Granicus by some Forces of Darius Codomannus King of Persia he there overthrew the Persians and forraged all Phrygia and the Asian shoar even to Cilicia also Diodorus writes that he at that time subdued all Caria Diod. lib. 17. And that in the City Gordius in Phrygia not being able to untye the Bark which was wreath'd about the Chariot he cut the knot asunder with his Sword thereby fulfilling as he thought that Prophesie which said that he who could undo that knot should conquer all the World 4. After this Alexander conquer'd the Paphlagonians and Cappadocians also was inform'd of the death of Memnon Darius's Admiral at Sea upon whom the Persians chiefly depended for their success against Alexander Nevertheless Darius King of Persia highly resenting the Defeat which his Forces receiv'd at the River Graniâ—us resolv'd to revenge it himself in person accordingly he levy'd an Army of 600000 fighting men which he rendezvous'd at Susa when in the mean while Alexander remaining a long time in Cilicia by reason of a Sickness befallen him with drinking of the River Cydnus when he was hot Darius not knowing the occasion of his delay supposed it to have been out of fear whereupon he began to march his whole Army towards Cilicia in order to his encountring Alexander At the same time Alexander moved towards Syria upon the like design to meet with Darius in the night when happening both to miss of one another the next day they both return'd to their several Posts Now Dariuâ— having contrary to the advice of Amyntas encamp'd himself in the Streights and Valleys between the Mountains presented Alexander with great advantage of ground which put Darius upon a necessity of engaging or not engaging according as his Enemies pleas'd being on every side encompass'd with the Macedonian Forces from the Hills in so much that Alexander with a much smaller Army than that of his Enemies put Darius to flight killing above 110000 of his men seizing on all the Persian Camps wherein besides the incredible Riches he took Prisoner Sisigambis the Mother Statira the Wife and two Daughters of King Darius whom he treated with all the civility imaginable This Battel was sought at Issus wherein Alexander himself received a wound in his Thigh and as some say from the very hands of King Darius Plutarch Arrianus Curtiâ—s Diodorus 5. After this success against Darius Alexander sent to the City Damas to surrender all the Men Women Children and Treasure that did therein belong to the Persians which accordingly was done he likewise to make himself Master of the Sea-coasts summon'd all the Kings of Cyprus and Phaenicia to deliver into his hands Phaenicia and the maritime Parts adjacent which was immediately perform'd all save the City of Tyre against which he began a strong Siege both by Land and Sea annoying them with 200 Galleys till at last after a seven months Siege he became Master of the City of Tyre 6. During this Siege he with another part of his Army made War upon those Arabians that dwell on the Mount Antilaban whom he overcame though not without much danger to his person occasion'd by his kindness to his Tutor Lysimachus as Plutarch saith 7. His next Expedition was against the City Gaza the chief City of Syria which he wan after having receiv'd two wounds in his Arm and Shoulder Diâ—dor lib. 17. Curtius lib. 4. Plut. in Alexand. Then he resolv'd to march up against Ierusalem and lay it waste from which design he was averted by the submissive prayers and entreaties of Iaddus their High-Priest 8. About this time it was that Alexander having conquer'd all Asia on that side the River Euphrates Darius sent Ambassadors to him to require his friendship and offer him 10000 Talents for the ransom of his captive Persians and such Territories as did formerly belong unto him which offers Alexander refusing Darius began a third Expedition against him having gather'd together an Army of 1000000 fighting men In the mean while Alexandâ—â— was imploy'd in conquering Egypt wherein after his conquest of that Kingdom he erectâ—â— that famous City call'd after his own Name Alexandria Now intelligence being brought to Alexander of the new War which Darius intended against him he began his March to meet him at the River Euphrates the place where this Battel was fought is as some say Arbela though Plutarch saith Gausameles where both Armies being engaged Parmenio Alexander's Lievtenant was at the first onset forced to retire also the Macedonian Baggage in danger of being taken by the Bactrians till Alexander himself coming into his relief with the main body of his Army gave so brisk a Charge upon the Persians that they soon betook themselves to flight also Darius himself was forced to fly for his life Alexander being thus flesh'd with Victory march'd forward into the Countrey of Babylon and Ecbatan where â—e made himself Master of the City Susa from thence Alâ—xaâ—deâ— proceeded into Persia whither Dariuâ— was fled putting all men that opposed him to the Sword burning the Palâ—ce of the Persian King 's Persepolis at the instigation of Thaâ—â— the Strumpet 9. Alexander continuing his pursuit after Darius Bessus in hopes of