with my Folks to beset it being sent for in the night to breake up and to march thither in all haste I had command to speake with Kniphowsen in my going for recâ—iving further Orders The Companies marched by I following my Orders desired to know what the Generall Major had to command me who gave me Orders in writing I should march thither and in case the enemy should pursue me I should fight to the last man and not to give over the Castle though I should be forced to quit the Towne Receiving Orders for some Ammunition I tooke leave of Kniphowsen and continued my march to Shevelbean then layd almost waste with Pestilence the Inhabitants being fled away I had slight quarters for my Soldiers which being quartered having visited the Towne and Castle I appointed the manner of our Watch and did beset the Poâ—stes from our Guards which were kept both in the Towne and on the Castle and then I sent Orders to the Boores of the Graveshaft to come in the next day with Spades Shovels and Axes for to repaire the workes that were almost ruined being a scurvie hole for any honest Cavalier to maintaine his credit by Before my comming two Troopes of Bawtees Horsemen viz. Major Roustene and Long-fretts were quattered there who getting intelligence the Army was to march upon me being Horsemen quit the Garrison to our selves and took them to the Fields to joyne with their Colonels Regiment being neere hand so that our Quarters thus enlarged we were glad to be rid of their trouble as they were to eschew the Enemies comming serving better in the Fields then they could doe within Walles The Horsemen gone I was evill sped for being put on such a place with such orders appointed to fight to the last man where no Cavalier with credit could hold out twenty foure houres being pursued by an Army except the Lord extraordinarily would shew mercy Neverthelesse getting three dayes longer continuation before the enemies comming we did worke all of us night and day till we had Stacketed the Wall about the height of a man above the Parapet having made a breast-worke of earth within the Walles round about with Traverses within for cleering out the Enemy if he had entered at a breach our Work ended and our Ports Ranforced with Earth to resist the force of Pittards we see in the afternoone the Enemies squadrons of Foot and Horse about eight thousand strong marching unto us having Artillery conforme we finding them marching within reach I caused to salute them with two small shot wherewith a Rut-master and a Lievtenant of horse were killed which made the rest march out of diâ—â—ance The Army drawne up in Battell without reach of our Canon they sent a Trumpeter summoning us to a treatie he was answered we had no such Orders but we had Powder and Ball at their service Whereupon they commanded a Captaine with a hundred and fiftie musketiers towards the Porte directing proportionally to the rest of the Portes our souldiers in the beginning before the Portes killed of them above thirtie souldiers and two Livetenants I not being able to maintaine the Towne retired with my folke on the Castle I being retired the Burgers made up set open the Portes to the enemie giving him entrance who did bring in his whole Artillerie and Amunition to the market place and then sent to mee a Drummer to see if I would render up the Castle upon good conditions then they were in my power but if not I should have no quarters afterwards They got their first Answer againe and then the service beginnes anew on both sides and they begunne before night to plant their Batteries within fourtie pace of our walles which I thought too neere but the night drawing on wee resolved with fire workes to cause them remove their quarters and their Artillerie Having thrown some fiery Granades on the houses and seeing they wrought no effect I hired a stout souldier with a Pike to reach a firye Ball I had made upon the top of the next house that lay to the Castle which in the end was fired so that the whole street did burne right alongst betwixt us and the enemy who was then forced to retire both his Cannon and souldiers and not without great losse done unto him by our souldiers by meanes of the fire-light where other two Officers and eighteene of their souldiers were killed The day cleering up I fell out after with fourescore Musketiers and tooke thirteene Crabbats prisoners The Army leaving us for that time they marched forwards for the releefe of Colberg and I retired to the towne to comfort the Burgers for their losse sustained by the fire caused through necessitie having no other meanes to escape our enemies fury I being retired to the Castle and the enemy marching to Colberg having made up eighteene Dragoniers to march after the enemy for bringing me intelligence if his Majesties forces from Statin were come betwixt the enemie and Colberg my party retiring shewes that the field Marshall Gustave Horne and Colonell Mackey that coÌ„manded the coÌ„manded musketiers were joyned with Kniphousen Bawtish and Sir Iohn Hepburne and were lying over-night before a passage betwixt the enemy and Colberg The next morning being darke till nine aclock with a thick mist the horsemen charging one another they came in confusion on both sides being affrighted alike retired from each others with the losse of fourescore men on both sides The particulars whereof I will not set downe having not seene the service though I was within hearing of their Cannon and Muskets both Two horsemen of Bawtish Regiment that had charged through the enemy came and reported to me openly in presence of many souldiers that the Swedens were all beaten I being offended at the manner of their report I caused to imprison both the horsemen till I knew greater certainty and calling my souldiers together I was prepared for the enemies returne But he passing by a mile from us I sent Dragoniers to cut off his passage giving them charge to cut off the Bridges but his Dragoniers being there before mine to be quit of their ill my Dragoniers returned againe in safetie allowing passage to their enemies within few dayes after having escaped this inconvenience I was recalled from thence by his Majesties order to joyne with the Felt-marshall Horne then at Griffinberg with a party of the Armie where before my departing I took an Attestation from the Amptman of the Castle of the good order and Discipline that was kept by vs there And being glad I was rid with credit of such a place I marched to Griffenberg to finde the Felt-Marshall The second Observation THe fore-sight of a wise Commander availes much in preventing the intentions of our Enemies First in besetting the passages through which he might come upon us which doth hinder his march in giving us the longer time to bee prepared for his comming Next the farther our wings are spred without us
bee commanded so that they may live but not live so as they are commanded to live well The fourth Duty discharged of our March to New-Brandenburg and of the In-taking of it HIs Majesty after overcomming his Enemies at Garts and Girffin-Hagan having retired to Statin and made preparation for a happie new-yeares march in the beginning of Ianuary 1631. Wee brake up from Statin taking our march towards New-Brandenburg the earth clad over with a great storme of Snow being hard frost wee carried along great Canons of Batterie and a number of small Canon being well provided of all thinges belonging to Artillery our little Army consisting then of eight Thousand Horse and Foot having left the rest of the Army under Command of the Felt-Marshall Horne before Lundâ—berg in the Marke our march the first Night went no further then beyond the passe of Lackness where wee quartered over night breaking up the next morning wee continue our march for three dayes towards Brandenburg where there lay in Garrison as Commandant Colonell Marizane with Five hundred Horse and twelve hundred Foot being as complete to looke on as you could wish His Majesty being come by Three a clocke in the after-noone within shot of Canon to the Towne drew us in Battaile and then divided out the Poasts where the Briggads should lye commanded out the Horse watches to lye without the Foot other Troupes were also commanded forth for battering the Streets and the rest of the Horsemen being directed to Quarters The Foot battaile ordered Drums beating Colours advanced and flying every Briggad by divisions marched to their Poastes where being arrived their Watches duely set the rest were setled in their Quarters being Commanded both Officers and Souldiers not to stirre out of Quarters from their Armes but to attend on Orders In our by-going being within distance of Cannon to the Towne we were saluted with Cannon Hagbuts of Crocke and with Musket where within a short time wee rendered unto them their exchange with the interest the service continuing so long as they did the night bringing silence over all till day begun to breake againe and then at our Poast there lay before the Port a little Tri-Angle with a Water-graffe about it and a Draw-bridge wee passing through the Graffe that was not deepe stormed the Tri-Angle and made the Enemy retire within the Towne walles who fearing a generall storme did presently cause to beate a Drum desiring a Parlee which was granted pledges delivered hinc inde the Treatie went on and the Accord was made and subscribed they should march out with bagge and baggage Horse and Foot with full Armes which should have a Convoy to Hagelberg and so accordingly they marched out and then his Majestie to refresh the Armie caused to make Quarters for the whole Foot within the Towne where wee lay two nights well entertayned His Majesty having a greater enterprise in hand hee commanded out a Thousand choise Musketiers towards Trepto two miles from Brandenburg and the enemy being acquainted with their comming hee did retyre to Dameine the Leader of the party leaving two Companies in Trepto marched forwards with the partie to take in a Castle on a passe lying in his way betwixt Trepto and Dameine whereon were fifty commanded musketiers who after a little defence made for their credit did capitulate for quarters being afraid of the Armies comming they gave over both Castle and passe His Majesty leaving a few number of commanded men in Brandenburg with a Commissary for ingathering of Contribution and Proviant for the Armie he did breake up and marched towards a little Towne lying on the passe below Dameine called Letts where in the Castle there lay above sixe hundred men of the Imperialists that might have foughten for good quarters but being carelesse of their Watch our commanded Musketiers having past the Bridge were suffered to enter within the Castle before the Garrison could get to their Armes and being thus surprized they got worse quarters then if they had fought The Soldiers and Officers that first entred made good booty and having got gold chaines and mony in aboundance by reason the Emperialists had lyen long there who though they gathered the whole money of the Country yet they had not the wit to transport it away being silly simple Italians and without courage the poorest Officers that ever I looked on and unworthy the name of Souldiers for though they knew of our march they suffered themselves pittifully to be surprized The Fourth Observation NOtwithstanding of the extremitie of cold we see his Majesties diligence neglecting no time making use of Winter as of Summer being an expert Generall who in his judgement was nothing inferiour to the greatest Generall we read of as doe witnesse his valorous actions He seeing at our comming to Brandâ—nburge what advantage the ground yeelded to the enemy to have hindered our comming unto it As also perceiving what hurt the enemy was able to have done us before our down-lying having known their strength that were within both of horse and foot if hee had beene a resolute and a couragious Commander as hee was not hee had tried our fore-troopes before our comming so neere which made his Majesty judge they would not hold out long Here at this time a young Cavaliere desirous of honour and greedy of good instruction could have learned froÌ„ this King the way to command well as likewise with order to direct all things fitting how to pursue any place or strength he came before as his Majestie did there being the first part wherein I did observe his Majesties dexteritie in Command diâ—charging the dueties of severall Officers being but one man he never doubted to put in execution what he once commanded and it was well done and no alteration was to be found in his Orders neither did he like well of an Officer that was not as capable to understand his directions as he was ready in giving them Neverthelesse hee would not suffer an Officer to part from him till hee found he was understood by the receiver of the Order Such a Generall would I gladly serve but such a Generall I shall hardly see whose custome was to bee the first and last in danger himselfe gayning his Officers love in being the companion both of their labours and dangers for hee knew well how his souldiers should bee taught to behave themselves according to the circumstances both of time and place before they were led to fight and being carefull of their credits hee would not suffer their weakenesse or defects to be discerned being ready to foresee all things which did belong to the health of his souldiers and his owne credit Hee knew also the devices and Engines of his enemie their Counsell their Armies their art their discipline As also the nature and situation of the places they commanded so that he could not bee neglective in any thing belonging to his charge and he understood well that an Army being brickle like
oppression from whence oftimes doth come the unfortunat and unhappy events of warlike enterprises and expeditions for where the feare of God is taken away there the common-weale must needes decay and then the ruine of the people doth follow Likewise we see here that all that come to the warres as many foolish men doe thinke are not killed but some die through one kinde of death and some by another so that we ought ever be prepared and ready not knowing how when or where to die Happy then is that man that is prepared to die as if he should die to morrow for many have I seene rise well in the morning the time of these warres who went not to bed at night Our care then should be still to meditate on the end that it may be good and then doubtlesse we shall die well The infection being great at this time in Brandenburg I contracted a sodaine fit of sicknesse that was vehement and therefore did not continue above forty eight houres It was so vehement that if I had not suddenly overcome it doubtlesse it had overcome me but praised be God then I banished death by imagination as I did divers times before yet at last I know he will have about with me but my confidence is that by the helpe of the Conqueror I will overcome him in th' end as my Captaine and Leader hath done who is gone before me and opened a Dore to me to enter at where I may sing Triumphing over my enemies with those that follow the Lambe in the Communion of the Saints blessed for ever The twelfth Duty discharged of our March from Brandenburg over the Elve at Tangermound and from thence to Werben IN the middest of Iuly our Army did breake up from Brandenburg and marched towards Ratenough the Emperialists having left it being marched towards Tangermound his Majesty advanced with the commanded Musketiers and a strong party of horse who having set through the River of the Elve they surprized the enemy at Werben where a Lievetenant Colonell was taken prisoner and then after Colonell Dowbatle with his Dragoniers did take in by surprize also Tangermound before his Majesty was come with the party and being come immediatly he caused to set over the River a ship-bridge which was fortified before the entry over which our foote Army did passe and our horse with the Cannon Amunition and baggage did wade through the River where never one was seene to passe with Cannon before so that without impediment our Cannon and baggage for the most part came safely through but those waggons that were lightest being loaden with Boores trash as it came lightly so it went lightly with the streame Et meritò The Emperialists at Carleben hearing we had crossed the Elve tooke them to their flight to provide betimes for their winter quarters Wolmerstat also was taken by a weake party of our horsemen having heard our Army had crossed the River of the Elve such a feare came among them that they never looked behinde them but still fled directing Poast upon Poast to Generall Tillie to retire backe from During being minded unto Hessen who receiving newes of his Majesties crossing the Elve he turning faces about with his whole Army continued his expedition backward to finde us at Werben before we could be intrenched as he thought But where he did but march with his Army in the day time we with spadâ—s and shovells wrought our selves night and day in the ground so that before his coming we had put our selves out of danger of his Cannon Generall Bannier with the rest of our Army coming after us tooke in Hagleberg in his way and beset it with a strong Garrison where Generall Major Kagg did command to whom was conjoyned my cozen Fowles his Regiment after he had taken the Castle of Bloe in Macleburgh in his march with his owne Regiment alone where they made good booty but their Souldiers got but sleight quarters as Bannier did give at the intaking of this Towne and Castle of Hagleberg The twelfth Observation AT this time I did remarke the great wonderfull rare and extraordinary mercy of God towards our Leader the Kings Majesty and his Royall little Army which before our removing from old Brandenburg was much infected with the plague of Pestilence so that we knew not the sicke from the whole for of our Regiment alone there died in one weeke above thirty Souldiers and being but removed six dayes at our downe-lying at Werben we scarce knew there was any infection amongst us so that in a moneths time we were miraculously rid of it and for mine owne part I neither know nor can conjecture any reason for it cheifely being in the dogge dayes and in a Leaguor but the Lords mercy towards his Majesty and his Army being at this time farre inferiour in strength to our enemies Many examples and testimonies of Gods favour towards his Majesty I did observe on this march for such terâ—or was put in their hearts by his Majesties victory obtained at Francford and Lansberg that they fled where once they did heare of our coming being perswaded and informed by their consciences that if his Majesty were victorious they should get no better quarters thâ—n were given by them at Madeburg which made them quit strong Gâ—rrisons before they would attend or abide the danger Wherefore we may plâ—inly conclude that they doe not merit the name of Souldiers nor yet the title of couragious CoÌ„manders that did succumbe before they saw or felt the dinte of their enemies valour Fie then on such Commanders If they were of my friends I would allow them a Pinne higher on the Gallowes then is allowed for common offences for such Cullions that quit places for feare not seeing their enemies are unworthy the name of Souldiers but I thinke they were too rich and consequently they grew too feâ—ble Likewise here I did rejoyce and was glad when I did observe that it is not nor was not peculiar to any still to have overcome or to be victorious the Emperialists I know by experience and so did the Regiment I commanded had their time of the victory against the King of Denmarke where I did learne to make a retreate but now being come under another Leader there Fortune began to change and to retire from us we learning under the invincible Gustavus to advance orderly never falling off but ever keeping faces to our enemy a brave lesson learned from a brave Commander So that we see here victory keepes no constant dwelling being now here now there yet we see that it is best kept with counsell and vertue neither can I thinke but fortune and chance hath a great hand in it for it is a greater matter to use victory well then to overcome and all victors have an insatiable desire of their prosperous fortune never appointing an end to their desires And nothing brings victory more next unto God then good Commanders whereof King Gustavus the
have seene a Battaile fought in the Fields in such a quarrell being led by such a magnanimous King of Heroick spirit that had much more on hazard that day than I had who had onely to hazard but my life and credit while as he a King was to hazard his life his Crowne his reputation and all for strangers Having thus the night before meditated I found a motion rejoycing my heart in making mee resolute to sight in this Cause being tied in dutie not onely for my person but also tied to give Counsaile and direction as the Lord did enable mee by giving instruction good heartning and good example to others who were bound to follow mee as I was bound to follow my Master the King seeing the Lord by his providence had brought mee thither with a number of my friends to follow and obey him as they were bound by oath to obey mee And then I thought with my selfe after I had awaked from sleepe going on to march that my life was much like a tale and that we should not care how long this life of ours should last but that wee should bee carefull how well our life should bee acted for it is no matter where wee end if wee end well and we should not aske when or where but we ought to bee ever mindfull how wee are prepared going to fight Nature did beget us miserable we live over-burthened with cares and like a flower wee vanish soone away and dye Our hunting then here and our care should bee onely for a perpetuall good name to leave behind us that so being absent wee are present and being dead wee live The sixteenth Duty discharged on our Fight at Leipsigh AS the Larke begunne to peepe the seventh of September 1631. having stood all night in battaile a mile from Tillies Armie in the morning the Trumpets sound to horse the Drummes calling to March being at our Armes and in readinesse having before meditated in the â—ight and resolved with our Consciences we begunne the morning with offering our soules and bodies as living Sacrifices unto God with Confession of our sinnes lifting up our hearts and hands to Heaven we begged for reconciliation in Christ by our publique prayers and secret sighes and groanes recommending our selves the successe and event of the day unto God our Father in Christ which done by us all we marched forwards in Gods name a little and then halted againe till the whole Armie both the Dukes and Ours were put in good Order our Armie marching on the right hand and the Dukes on the left our commanded Musketeres marching in the Van-Guarde being in one bodie before the Armie consisting of three Regiments whereof two of Scotts and one Dutch all Musketieres led by three Scotts Colonels men of valour and courage fit for the Commaund concredited unto them being made choice of as men that could fight Exemplarie to others viz. Sir Iames Ramsey called the Blacke Sir Iohn Hamilton and Robert Monro Baron of Fowles we marched thus both the Armies in Battaile Horse foote and Artillerie till about nine of the Clocke in the morning wee halted halfe a mile distant from the Emperiall Armie that were attending us in Battaile consisting of fortie foure thousand men horse and foote our Armie consisting of thirtie thousand men whereof to my judgement His Majesties Armie were eight thousand foote and seven thousand horse The Duke also would be eleven thousand foote and foure thousand horse having refreshed ourselves with victuals leaving our Coaches behind us The whole Armie did get greene Branches on their heads and the word was given God with us a little short speech made by His Majestie being in order of Battaile we marched towards the enemie who had taken the advantage of the ground having placed his Armie on a place called Gods Acre where their Generall did make choice of the ground most advantagious for his foote Artillerie and horses he also did beset the Dorpes that invironed the ground which was left for us with Dragoniers and Crabbats to incomber our wings by their evill Neighbourhood yet notwithstanding of all the advantages hee had of Ground Wind and Sunne our magnanimous King and Leader under God inferiour to no Generall we ever reade of for wisedome courage dexteritie and good Conduct he was not dejected but with magnanimitie and Christian resolution having recommended himselfe his Armie and successe to God the Director of men and Angells able to give victory with few against many He ordered his Armie and directed every supreame Officer of the Field on their particular charge and stations committed unto them for that day As also he acquainted them severally of the forme he was to fight unto and he appointed Plottons of Musketiers by fifties which were commanded by sufficient Officers to attend on severall Regiments of horse and he instructed the Officers how to behave themselves in discharging their duties on service Likewise he directed the Officers belonging to the Artillery how to carry themselves which orderly done the commanded Musketiers were directed to their stand where to fight his Majestie then led up the foure Briggads of foote which were appointed to be the Battaile of the Armie with a distance betwixt every Briggad that a Regiment of horse might march out in grosse betwixt the Briggads all foure being in one front having their Ordnance planted before every Briggad being foure pieces of great Cannon and eight small whereof foure stood before the Colours that were the Battaile of the Briggad with Amunition and Constables to attend them on the right hand Pikes before the Colours were the other foure pieces of Cannon with Amunition and Constables conforme and on the left wing of Pikes and Colours were placed the other foure pieces of Cannon as we said before Behinde these foure Briggads were drawne up the three Briggads of Reserve with their Artillery before them standing at a proportionable distance behinde the other foure Briggads with the like distance betwixt them as was betwixt the Briggads of the Battaile The Briggads of horse which had Plottons of Musketiers to attend them were placed on the right and left wings of the foote and some were placed betwixt the Battaile of foote and the Reserve to second the foote as neede were other Briggads of horse were drawne up behinde the Reserve of the foote Briggads The Felt-marshall Horne Generall Banier and Lievetenant Generall Bawtish were commanded to over-see the Horsemen his Majestie the Baron Tyvell and Grave Neles were to command the Battaile of foote Sir Iames Ramsey as eldest Colonell had the command of the fore-Troopes or commanded Musketiers and Sir Iohn Hepburne as eldest Colonell commanded the three Briggads of Reserve Our Armie thus ordered the Duke of Saxon and his Feltmarshall Arnhem having ordered their Armie whereof I was not particâ—larly inquisitive of the manner they were ordained to draw up on our left hand and being both in one front thus ordered we marched in Battaile a little and
defensive warre keeping the maine strength of his Army within Wurtzburg being well provided of all furniture for horse and man he begunne to strengthen the Towne with the spade and the shovell in making of redoutes and skonces without it in manner of a Winter Leaguer he also caused Scaffold the walles round about within the Towne and fearing his coming on Oxenford he did the like discharging all duties himselfe from one place to an other as became a wise Generall that did foresee the designes of his â—nemie by a timely prevention according to the accidents circumstances and situation of places seeing his enemies strong and himselfe weake he tooke the first advantage This charge of a Generall to an Armie is a place of such weight and importance that few ought to long to intrude themselves in this kinde of Generall command being subject to infinite chances and altogether divers almost every houre set before him Truly though this King had a rare judgement wit and dexteritie with great experience in his Command Neverthelesse to speake truth all the time I did follow his Majestie on occasions being neere three yeeres I did never see His Majestie so much troubled in minde and resolution as at this time in Oxenford not knowing well himselfe what to resolve the enemie being behind him and before him able to pursue Wurtzburg and Oxenford alike and to my minde if he had he might have carried both at that time for our Armie was not only scattered and diâ—persed but also we were weake and which was worse we were all of us discontented being too much toyled with marching working and watching without any pay or gaines for honest men At this time his Majestie stood in neede of assistance and good Counsell having enemies on all hands and a strong enemy the Country also unsure being unfriends and Papists and he being wise resolved without giving Battaile his best was to presse to overcome them with the season with hunger and cold with marches and delayes keeping himselfe within walles he knew well twelve Souldiers with a good Officer to direct them were better being willing to attend than a hundred naked and hungry Souldiers without whereby his enemies Armie were undone without hurt or detriment of his owne being well commanded and well foreseene and provided of all necessaries having given them besides as reward of their former services a little money knowing well how hungry men could be contented with little in time of neede for he resolved if the enemy pursued him hard within Wurtzburg he could not suffer himselfe to be beleaguered with a strong Armie in a straite place and to goe to the Fields with a discontented weake Armie which it behooved him to doe was not good The consideration of this forced him to give some moneys in hand to content them and hand-writ and assignations for more moneys to be payd unto them out of Newrenberg within six moneths afterwards As also his Majestie knew well the enemies Armie neere hand hearing there was money given out by his Majestie that it was the onely way to weaken and dissolve the enemies Armie in making their Souldiers runne away and to take service under his Majestie which in effect accordingly fell out for it being neere Winter and their Armie marched away their stragling Souldiers did strengthen our Garrisons having taken service under us having but heard of the brute of money that was given ouâ— amongst us Where we see how necessary it was at this time in such a dangerous extremitie for this little Armie to have beene commanded by a wise Generall that steered his course aright in middest of the greatest tempest like to a skilfull marriner where an arrogant fellow without skill that had commanded had made shipwracke of all As his Majestie was wise and moderate in his Command so those who obeyed were faithfull and intire to their Superiour Here inferiours whom Fortune favoureth though weakest were subject in all things to him who was Fortunes Minion and Mars his equall Gustavus the Invincible that by his wisedome and foresight forced old Tillie to retire to Nurenberg having gained nothing but losse which retreate was the presage of his future ruine at the Leacke where it enters into the Danow Here also we are instructed as well by his Majesties politique government as by his military He being alike expert in both discharging the dutie of a King and a Generall Tam Arte quam Marte for the enemy was no sooner gone but incontinent his Majestie caused serve his publique Edicts for bringing in the Country-men to give their oaths of fidelitie moving them thereto partly by compulsion and partly by promises of dutie and of libertie to their Consciences two strong Arguments to move those to obedience who had seene their friends forced to turne backes upon them from whom under God they did expect Reliefe to come Moreover we see here that those who are honoured by God are also worthy of honour from their equalls other Kings Princes and Confederates sending their Ambassadours unto them to congratulate their good Fortunes and successe as also to Treate with them in matters belonging to their mutuall States and standing at this time also there were Commissioners sent from Vlme Strasburg Nurenberg and Francford treating with His Majestie for themselves apart as free from the bodie of the Empire And such feathers his Majestie was glad to get out of the Emperours wings knowing the more he wanted of such feathers the worse he could flie and some of them were light changing as the winde To conclude then whom fortune favoures the world laughs on as may be seene here by the example of Lievetenant Colonell Howbalt after the intaking of Hanow by meere fortune being surprized which was the occasion this Cavalier was so suddenly made up in getting Command over horse and foote from Livetenant Colonell who foure yeeres before was Sergeant under the blew Regiment Yet notwithstanding the good he had received under his Majestie and his Crowne he afterwards quit them and their service in their greatest extreamitie which was unthankfully done of him being more unkindly then friendly The twenty second Duty discharged of our March from Wurtzburg to Francford on the Maine HIS Majesty having beset Wurtzburg Castle with a strong Swedens Garrison under command of Colonell Axellille preparation being made for the march the Colonell of the Artillery Leonard Richardson a Swede was directed downe the Maine with the great Cannon and three hundred commanded musketiers of Scots of Sr. Iames Ramsey his Regiment comanded by Alexander Hanan being a discreete Cavalier of good command and conduct and valorous also they had abundance of Cannon fire-workes Amunition and all other furniture belonging to Artillery with them by water having got orders to take in all strengths on the Maine which lay in their way where they and he who commanded them made good booty having taken in severall Castles and Miltenburg also and from thence continued their course
cannot helpe us in this life or in the life to come Let us then say with Micha let it be with us as it pleaseth God and let us say with David It is good for us o Lord that thou hast chastened us with thy Rod thou canst also helpe us and bring us to an happy end of all our miseries the Lord will not suffer us nor our seede to lacke bread and the Lord our God did ever give unto the people of Israell at all times Rulers Iudges and Kings and Iael though a woman deâ—pised was strong enough to drive a naile in the right cause Shall not then the Lord on our repentance sturre up one yet to take his cause in hand who are also Israels and the Lords people and inheritance being also christened in the Lords name And as a Mother doth not forget her Child so will not the Lord forget us but in place of our Master Captaine and King will yet give unto us a valiant Leader come I hope of the valiant Bruce of the first King of the Stewarts of the Issue of Elizabeth the Queene of Bohemia and Iewell of her sex the most splendid in brightnesse of minde for a woman that the Earth doth affoord From her I wish the Leader to come into the field to fight with goodlucke victory with strength power with wisdome and understanding c. against her enemies and our enemies alwayes well furnished and prepared the Lord will give him an Horne of Iron and feete of Brasse to beate his enemies in peeces the Lord will lift up his hand upon his adversaries and cut off all his enemies and to conclude he will make him treade the Devill under his feete The Lord of his infinite mercy grant unto us such a Leader in place of our valiant Master Captaine and King of never dying memory the Lyon of the North the invincible King of Sweden so shall we not neede in any manner of way to doubt of a wished happy end both to the warre and to our selves being victorious over all our enemies temporall and spirituall Amen The fourty-one Duty discharged at the intaking of Landsberg on the Leake and the reliefe of Rhine PALSGRAVE Christian being left by his Majesty to command the Army in Bavier having left Rhine with foure Companies of Swedens commanded by Colonell Worbran his Major he brake up with the Army towards Aichstade in Bavier and having taken it by Accord he continued his march towards Landsberg on the Leake Where having arrived within halfe a mile of the Towne we quartered for a night till preparation were made of victualls and furniture convenient for the beleaguering which being made the next day we marched towards the Towne in Battaile drawing up within reach of Cannon to the walles in the safest part they thundering with cannon amongst us our foote Army was divided in Briggads and directed to severall Posts our horsmen were also divided Some were commanded out to scoure the fields on that side the enemy was to come others were appointed to remaine beside the Infantry to second us against the out-falling or otherwise to second us against the reliefe that might come to the Towne The rest of our Horsemen were directed to Quarters having left Ordonance Rutters to bring them intelligence The Towne being beleaguered on all Quarters a Bridge was made over the River where a strong Guard of horse and foote were sent to hinder both their supply and escape on that side Likewise the approaches were begun and orders were given in haste for making the Batteries And the Guards being set both to the Cannon and to those that wrought in the Trenches the Colonells were Recognosceing about the walls before their severall Postes Where at the first Colonell Fowle was shot through the thigh with a Musket who immediatly was sent to Ausburg to be cured Before night a second partie of Horse were sent forth for Intelligence lest any mis-fortune might befall the first partie whereby we might not be surprized by the Enemy being strong together at Minchen Spence his Regiment and mine were appointed to attend on the Generall at his Quarter my Lievetenant Colonell commanded the Guards on the Battery and the Trenches on our Quarter And the Generall Major Ruthven his Briggad being on the other Quarter next the water there grew a contestation of vertue betwixt the Officers of both Briggads who should first with their approaches come to the wall but those of Ruthvens Briggad were forced notwithstanding of their diligence to yeeld the precedency unto us being older blades than themselves for in effect we were their Schoolemasters in Discipline as they could not but acknowledge So being they were trained up by us from Souldiers to be inferiour Officers and then for their preferments and advancement they went from us with our favours towards the Generall Major such as Captaine Gunne Lievetenant Brumfield Lievetenant Dumbarre Lievetenant Macboy Lievetenant Southerland Ensigne Denune and divers more which were preferred under Ruthvens Regiment till in the end they did strive in vertue to goe beyond their former Leaders Neverthelesse we kept ever that due correspondence together that where ever we did meet we were but one not without the envie of others This strife amongst us furthered so the victory that before the next morning from our Battery where Sinclaire did command there was a breach shot in the Skonce without the Towne as also from the Generall Major his Quarter there were two Officers of the enemies killed on the wall their Cannon dismounted and a great breach made in the wall So that the enemy perceiving he had two breaches to defend he tuck 't a Drumme desiring to parlé Which being granted the Accord went on and they were suffered to march out with their Armes seeing the Generall had intelligence their Armie was comming to releeve them he was glad to grant them any Conditions before he were forced to rise from the Towne by the Enemy being so neare for reliefe of it The enemy being marched out and convoyed away the Generall directed Generall Major Ruthven into the Towne with a strong partie of foote to beset all the Posts and then to take notice of all provision and goods that were in the Towne such as Corne Wine Artillery Amunition Horses and all other goods or cadducks in generall to be used at their pleasure Which being done the foote Armie were directed to their former Quarters to rest till further Orders The Horsemen were directed also to Quarters and then there were Quarters made in the Towne for the Generall and the Hoofstaffe as also for the Colonells of horse and foote during the Generall his further pleasure Diverse of our foote Souldiers were hurt on the Batteries and Trenches which got Quarters in the Towne being allowed to have Chirurgians to cure them And the Towne was incontinent beset againe with foure Companies of Colonell Hugh Hamilton his Regiment being new levied men out of Switzerland and his
Major being an Irish-man commanded the men But another Dutch Major called Mountague was left to Command the Garrison Where those that entred first the Towne did make good bootie of horses and other goods But the most part was seazed upon by the Generall Persons taking the benefit unto themselves though not the paine Where we did first finde missing of our former Leader the invincible Gustavus who not onely respected Cavaliers of merit at such times but also was ready to reward them by his bountie allowing Cadducks unto them as he did unto Lievetenant Colonell Gunne The next day a partie of a thousand Horse with eight hundred Musketiers were commanded out toward Minchen to get intelligence of the Enemies designes getting Orders to fall into their Quarters if conveniently they could But beside their expectation the Enemy being together and in readinesse in a Wood unawares our partie was ingaged amongst them so that with difficultie having lost prisoners they were forced to retire and the Enemy getting intelligence that the Towne was given over to prevent us they continued their march towards Rhine on the Leacke to take it in in compensation of the losse of Lansberg The partie being retired and the Generall understanding the Dukes Army had marched on Rhine he brake up with our Armie and marched on the other side of the Leacke towards Ausburg And fearing the Skonce at Rhine and the bridge might be taken by the Enemy he did direct Captaine Iames Lyell with two hundred Musketiers as a supply to the Skonce being ordained at his comming thither to take the Command of the Skonce on him Who being come finding Colonell Wornbran there shewing his Orders he was made welcome by the Colonell being hard pressed by the Enemy and mightily afraid so that the Captaine had no difficultie in getting the command which he gladly accepted being more ambitious of credit than of gaines directly opposit to the Colonels humour The Armie having come in time for the reliefe our Horsemen were left on the side of the River next to Donavert except my Cosen Fowles his Regiment which marched over the Bridge with the Infantry being ordained the first nights watch to second the foot And immediatly after our over-going there were five hundred Musketiers of supply sent unto the Towne in despite of the Dukes Armie And then we begun to make up our Batteries and to run our lines of approach towards the Towne advancing our Redoubts and Batteries as our approaches were advanced The second night our Batteries being readie there were mutuall interchanges of Cannonading amongst us where Ensigne Murray was shot dead with the Cannon his thigh bone being broken who was much lamented being a daintie Souldier and expert full of courage to his very end On Sunday in the afternoone the Enemy having heard certaintie of his Maiesties death they drew up their whole Armie Horse Foote and Cannon before the Towne and rejoycing at the Newes they gave three salves of Cannon Musket and Pistoll Which we not understanding made us admire the more Neverthelesse the Generall resolved to get some prisoners of them to cause to make an out-fall the next morning and to that effect five hundred Commanded Musketiers were sent under the Command of Lievetenant Colonell Lesly who had Orders to fall out before day upon the Enemy Which he did and beating them from their Posts there were above threescore killed and thirtie taken prisoners which revealed the reason of their salve As also by them it was found the Armie had been broken up at midnight and crossed the Danube having made over a Ship-bridge thinking with expedition to haste unto Saxonie to supply the Imperialists that were retiring after their defeat at Leitzen unto Boheme Notwithstanding of the advantage we had to prosecute the Enemy being divided by the River our Generall would not suffer to pursue them though Generall Major Ruthven with the whole Officers offered to doe good service The Generall fearing they might be brought to fight through despaire he would not permit to follow them but choosed rather to lose a golden opportunitie Within three dayes afterwards we marched towards Ausburg where we lay two moneths in open Feilds in the extremitie of cold without houses or buildings which undid the Army being idle without hostile imployment our Generalls giving time to our Enemies to gather strenth to beat us againe out of the Country which formerly we had subdued by his Majesties valouâ— and good Conduct During this time I remained on my Muster place at Webling Cloister giving out patents to my Officers and money to recrue and strengthen their Companies But the enemy having taken-in the Passe and Towne of Landsberg which was given over upon accord by Colonell Hugh Hamilton who was prisoner and kept almost three yeares so the enemie getting the Passe unto Schwabland they marched towards Menning and from thence to Brandenburg on the Eler and chased mee over the Danube Being forced to quit a good Muster place we retired unto Ausburg having set the Danube betwixt us and the enemie where on our march unfortunately my horse fell on my leg and being six weekes under cure I continued still with the Armie on all occasions commanding on horse-back being unable to travell a foote The next day after our comming to Ausburg Generall Bannier did breake up with the Armie to march towards Vlme on the Danube there to joyne with the Felt-marshall Gustavus Horne who was to come with a strong partie of horse foot and Artillerie from Elsas with whom was come Major Sidserfe and the whole Musketiers of Sir Iames Ramsey his Regiment who being valourous and expert old Soldiers they were commanded on all exploits of importance being conducted and led by a discret Cavalier their Major The enemie before our joyning with the Felt-marshall had taken in Landsberg Kaufbeyre Kempten and Menning where their Armie did lie while as we joyned with the Felt-marshall at Vlme Palsgrave Christian being directed to command the Armie on the Rhine Generall Bawtishen having left them voluntarily to goe for his wedding unto Denmark Generall Bannier being also sickly not yet fully cured of his hurt that he did get at Nurenberg he was directed to the Steifâ—t Madeburg to collect new Forces there to joyne with the Duke of Lunenburg and the Saxon who all this time after his Majesties death were pursuing hard the Imperialists conjunctis viribus assisting the Duke of Wymar and the Swedens Armie At which time the Rex-chancellour Oxestern made offer after his Majesties death to the Duke of Saxon to be made and chosen Directour of the Armies who was neither willing to accept it himselfe nor yet willingly would condescend to be directed by any other so that their division did by time fully ruine the Armie and almost lost the good cause few or none looking to the weale of the publique but all pleasing their owne fancies suffering the enemie to take advantage every one looking to their particular
Ramseys Musketiers fell on their Dragoniers and skirmished with them till they were forced to retire and being darke our Army having set out their horse and foote watches before them they stoode the whole night in battaile till it was day and the enemy being gone in the night the way thwart and deepe some of his Cannon being left behinde were buried burning their Carriages with their waggons as they did breake making them unprofitable for us We continued our march in the morning minding to attrap them so that by midday they having turned their Cannon on the Passe towards us they forced our Army to stand without reach of their Cannon trying on both hands of the Passe to win through but in vaine seeing there was no passage neere hand but at that one place where we did cannonade one against another for two dayes till the enemy retired their Cannon within Kempten and the rest of their Army unto Bavier having crost both the Leake and the Eler againe The enemy being gone we retired for want of victualls and forrage the country being spoyled we were forced to over-see the beleaguering of Memming for that time passing by it towards Mendelheim where we rested two dayes and then marched on Kauffbier where in two dayes we forced the Garrison to a composition being content to march away without Armes getting a Convoy to Landsberg on the Leake The weather being extremely cold under the snowy Alpes we refreshed our Army three dayes at Kauffbier and the fourth day marched towards the Eler where the water being small we made a bridge of our small Cannon with their Carrage being placed two and two alongst the River at an equall distance of eight foote asunder where we layd over Deales betwixt the Cannon passing over our whole Infantry alongst the bridge which being past and the Deales taken off the horses spanned before the Cannon led them away after the Army And quartering that night in the fields the next morning we beleaguered Kempten Having battered hard for three dayes together with Cannon at last the breach being made and the Towne almost brought to an Accord having lost divers Souldiers and Officers before it hearing the Duke of Bavier his Army was crost the Leake againe at Landsberg having gotten a strong supply and being made certaine they were to march unto the Duke of Vertenbergs Land the Felt-marshall after great paines taken was forced to quit Kempten and to march with the Army to be before them in Vertenberg The Dukes Army on their march by the way tooke in a Castle besides Koffbier where Captaine Bruntfield and Quarter-master Sandelens were taken Prisoners and were sent to be kept at Lindaw As also in their by-going they tooke in Koffbier and continued their march alongst the Eler till they crossed with their Army at Brandenburg we lying that night with our Army within a mile of them The next day we strived who might passe the Danube first for going to Vertenberg where it was our Fortune to get betwixt them and the passe having line at Monderkine while as they had crossed a mile below us on the River Which when we understood by our intelligence of their being so neere incontinent the Felt-marshall caused our Artillery and foote to march over in the night so that before day our Army advanced towards the Passe leaving Dragoniers behinde us to burne and to cast off the Bridge But the Bridge was no sooner set on fire but the enemies fore troopes did drive our Dragoniers after us they coming up full Squadrons of horse and foote driving up our Reare consisting of three Regiments of horse Colonell Daggenfield Colonell Cratzstein and Colonell Monro of Fowles being three valorous Barons who resolved amongst themselves Daggenfield should charge the enemy first which he manfully did and then retired who immediatly was rescued by Colonell Monro having charged the enemy retired being shot through the right foote with a Musket Bullet and Colonell Cratzstein rescuing him againe charged the enemy the last time keeping them up till the rest were safely retired and then retiring himselfe at the Spurres being last was pittifully cut over the head with a Poles-shable the enemy following them still till they were repulsed by our Dragoniers Neverthelesse they did get the most part of our baggage and a great number of the horsmens led horses servants and Coaches The Passe being narrow and we having the advantage of them being able to receive them with our whole army horse and foote while as they could not advance unto us but by divisions at most thirty in Front against a steepe hill where our Army was standing ready in battaile to receive them horse foote and Artillery Which they considering the great disadvantage they had to pursue us drawing their Army also in battaile they planted their ordinance against us where once begun we continued the whole day Cannonading one against another where neither foote nor horse could joyne to skirmish But the night comming on the Felt-marshall directed his great Cannon away before and leaving a strong Reare-guard of Horse and Dragoniers at the Passe getting orders to remaine there till midnight wee retired the rest of our Army unto Vertenberg land having five miles to march before day our retreate being in the night though safe was confusedly made The Enemy finding at mid-night that we were gone followed up our Rere-guard skirmishing a little in the end retired And the whole Armie crossed the Danube againe of intention to ruine all our muster-Muster-places in Schwabland and in their way they tooke a French Marquesse prisoner on his Muster-place and Colonell Iohn Forbesse being both carelesse they were surprized in their Quarters and were kept prisoners for three yeares The Army quartered themselves in Schwabland and Tyroll alongst the Boden Sea setting Garrisons in Townes as in Costance Pybrach Vberling and divers more During this time our Armie was well entertained and refreshed in good quarters in Vertenbergland having secured them for that time from their Enemies we attended the Rhinegrave his comming with a supply from Elsas as also we did get a strong supply of Country Souldiers from the Duke of Vertenberg with a great deale of Amunition and a supply of Horse and Cannon The Rhinegrave being come finding our selves strong againe we resolved to search the Enemy for to make him retire unto Baviere againe which we effectuated within ten dayes After our up-breaking having crossed the Danube againe the Enemy being retired our Armie did settle themselves in a close Leaguer at Donavert for three moneths together attending the conclusion of the meeting at Hailbron resolving to enterprise no exployt or hostility against the Enemy till such time as they should know who should content them for their by-past service as also whom they should serve in times coming During which time I went to Hailbron to solicite my Regiments affaires with the Rex-chancellor and being there my Cosen Colonell Monro of Fowles dyed of his wounds at
time may change him to another man I will let him be his own Beadle and for his punishment I would not care though he were made to sing an Invective against himselfe But I pray God we may be freed of the like our selves and not to looke upon another with a Beam'd eye but rather to be our owne Antidot's against all the poyson that another is able to spit upon us Let us then have our eyes fixed upon vertue and we shall finde a beautie that will every day take us with some grace or other For the world hath nothing so glorious in it as vertue when shee rides Triumphing as both these Cavaliers doe after death in despight of their enemies like Phoebean Champions praysed by their enemies for resisting their strongest assaults are now renowned in despight of envie and the abusive world And the worthy Souldiers their Associats in this memorable conflict and hot storme are not to be forgotten but to be praysed for their valour For though as I said by appearance to looke but on their outsides they were the meanest in shew of our whole Regiment yet God that gives hearts and courage unto men made them the instruments of our Regiments first credit in the warres of Germany They were I confesse led by brave Officers which were seconded and obeyed by resolute and stout Souldiers that gained victory and credit over their enemies in extremitie by casting sand in their eyes This victory puts me in mind of a prettie Story shewing that some times the meanest things doe helpe us much against our enemies especially when the LORD will blesse our fighting with meane Instruments fighting for us for his owne glory Iovianios Pontanus reports of Alphons being resolved by assault to take in Vicaro his Souldiers having at the first past the countersharpe and fossie scaling the walles the Inhabitants not able to repulse them with stones and the enemy unawares having surprised them that they got not leasure to arme themselves they threw Bee hives amongst the enemy which being dispersed sticking under their Armes and in their faces forced the enemy to retire uneffectuating his designe Reade Iovian in his seventh Booke of Alphons his deed Cap. 2. Ierome Osorius reports the like Story of one Captaine Baregue a Portugall in his eighth Booke of Portugall who by throwing Bee-hives on his enemies made them to retire The like was done of late in Hungaria on a Fort belonging to the Bishop of Agria neere the Turkes which with the like helpe was relieved of a sudden assault the Souldiers not having time to goe to their Armes used this meane and were saved thereby We see then that an immortall good name is attained unto by vertue and not by villany Here also in this conflict we see notwithstanding of the enemies eager pursuit with fury that resolution at last prevailes for the defenders having at first resisted their fury the enemy with losse being forced to retire the assailers were discouraged and the defenders incouraged Therefore it is the dutie of a brave Captaine that is to be assailed to resist the beginnings well and then the end must needs be glorious In such occasions happie is that Commander that in extremitie of danger is accompanied with a few trustie friends and Souldiers He may be assured not to be forsaken as I have beene some times by strangers The valiant Souldier is ever best knowne in the greatest extremitie of danger and a forebeaten enemy once or twice repulsed will be loath to continue his pursute But he that would gaine honour must resolve to contemne death though ever before his eyes Wherefore I would wish the brave Souldier to be ever well prepared to die who should glory in nothing earthly more than in the tokens of his valour being knowne they were got with credit and not by infamie as many unworthy Souldiers oft-times get wounds but not with credit while for their cowardise they are running away yet they will vaunt amongst the unknowne as if their wounds were credibly gotten Here also we may see the resolution and courage of our Country-man to be prayse-worthy though killed serving the Emperour for though I loved him not being mine enemy yet I honour his memory in serving them truely whom he did serve for his owne credit Of all professions men of our profession ought to looke neerest to their credits being attained unto by much toyle and travell and is lost with little Therefore it is said that a valourous man his credit hangs as it were at one haire and one little errour or oversight in command can obnubilate all his former glory Circumspect then had we need to be to preserve this credit so dearely bought and easily lost We must not then looke to the outside of a man but unto his vertues for he that judgeth men of our profession by Physiognomie shall oft-times be deceived for he that is not stout by nature in our profession having served out a seaven yeares prentiship under such a Leader as the magnanimous King of Denmarke such a one though not stout by nature by frequencie of danger is made stout as a sword fearing nothing not death it selfe And Souldiers thus used with danger for the love of their Leaders to gaine their favours and good opinion will undertake the hazard of the greatest dangers for their Commanders sake Such then that have travelled well should by due have rest since the Crowne is laid up and ordained for him that fights well On the other part to end this observation as I did begin there is no pâ—nishment more grievous than the publique ill-will of all men especially for just causes And in my opinion it is better to be buried in oblivion than to be evill spoken of to posteritie The first Dutie discharged of our Retreat from Rapine to Wismere on the Baltick Coast. HAving rested eight dayes at Rapine of intention to have marched toward Silesia to joyne with the Armie there God that disposes all things by his providence for our best provided that we went not for the Armie there being beaten and put to rout whereof few escaped The enemy after his Victory following downe to us-ward and having crossed the Elve behinde us our retreat towards the Kings Armie in Holsten was hindred the passages being all beset by the enemies forces so that there was no other passage free for our Armie to passe through but onely to retire towards the Baltick Sea to patronize the Isle of Poule for our safetie till such time as shipping should be provided by his Majestie to transport us unto Holsten Orders then were given to the whole Armie to march with all celeritie from Rapine unto the Randezvouz being appointed at Perlesberg where having come together we were neere ten thousand strong of horse and foot being sufficiently provided of Artillery and Ammunition answerable to the strength of our Armie Our march in great haste night and day continues towards Wismere being afraid of our enemies
by Lawes and if they love and respect their Officers for feare to offend even in their Marches for their Officers credits they will march so orderly with Armes in their Rancks and Files that you would thinke a whole Regiment well disciplined as this was were all but one body and of one motion their eares obeying the command all as one their eyes turning all alike at the first signe given their hands going to execution as one hand giving one stroake yea many stroakes all alike ever readie to strike or hold up as their Commander pleaseth and thus exercised they were that their enemies in all Rancounters could not but duely praise them calling them the Invincible old Regiment which alwayes rancountred with them on all occasions so that Mac-Keyes name was very frequent through the glorious fame of this never-dying Regiment never wrong'd by Fortune in their fame though divers times by their enemies valour they sustained both losse and hurt but would to God we had alwayes met man to man or that our Army had consisted all of such men and such Officers whereof I was the unworthiest If so had beene our conquest had extended so farre as the Romanes of old did extend the limits and borders of their Empire which for my wish I would bestow on the Prince Elector Palatine borne by the Iewel of Europe the Queene of Bohemia his Royall Mother and if it were at my distribution he should have all from the River Euphrates at the East to the Ocean Sea at the West the fertillest part of Africke at the South and the Rhine and the Danube at the North and yet I durst affirme that his Grand-father King IAMES of blessed and never-dying memory might merit a farre greater possession for his Grand-childe the Illustrious Prince Elector Palatine of the Rhine and to have an Armie of such men under his command to be avenged on his enemies I would wish their cloathes nor mine owne came never off till his enemies were made his footstoole to tread on or to shew mercie at his Highnesse pleasure And for my wish his Armie should be all of Britaines Dutch and Irish such as Vegetius describeth the Romane Souldiers of old and I as one though unworthiest of a thousand Britaine Officers would undertake to make such brave lads to dwell Summer and Winter in Tents ever in readinesse to fight with our enemies and to endure all incommodities for the credit of such a Master banishing far from him with valiant hands well armed all the craft power and subtiltie that his enemies were able to devise against him And we should for his sake be contented with such allowance as the Emperiall Lawes allow a Souldier being onely so much as might maintaine life or so much as Beasts get that are put to dyet and we should be content to march with such expedition without intermission without quarter or Garrison as neede requireth never staying behinde but alwayes advancing consenting willingly to undergoe correction if we did to the contrary but to march ever orderly in Rancks as the way lay rough or even foule or faire as our Colours and Leaders went before us Never quitting our Rancks but with licence till the cause were wonne or that our Masters Throne were established And if otherwise we went astray we should be content to quit our allowance and if this discipline were not strict enough we should be content to have his Highnesse and Royall Mother restored to doe as our Fathers did coming out of Egypt marching alongst the spacious and wide Desert that our Randezvouz might be appointed and set till we arrived in Cades that is to say in the holy Land where being victorious we should bid our Master farewell and rest with our Fathers The ninth Dutie discharged of Major Dumbarre his Service at Bredenberg THis noble Cavalier of famous and worthy memory having done notable good service at Beysenburg Skonce on the River of the Elve as was formerly set downe at his retiring to Lugstad he was commanded with foure Companies of Scots and certaine Dutch the enemy having falne into Holsten his order was to beset the Castle of Bredenberg being a passe but not strong nor fortified in Forma As I was informed by a valourous little Captaine Captaine William Lumsdell who then was Ensigne to the Major who onely at that time escaped with his life from the fury of the enemy being within the house while as the rest in the fury were put to the sword This Gentleman who informed me was with the Major walking abroad neare to the house at the enemies first approaching so that the enemy unawares did come so neare that they retiring to the Castle had scarce time to draw up the draw-bridge when the enemy with his forces being as was thought ten thousand strong led by Tilley had the house environed on all quarters The enemy sends a Trumpeter summoning to render the place which was refused Whereupon they entred to approach and the Defender resists The service thus begun Comoedian-like ends very Tragically the whole Court and lodgings running with bloud with which the walles and pavement are sprinkled with our Scottish bloud to be viewed and seene to this day To be particular in the discharge of this dutie at large not having seene the service I will not lest I should erre in giving notice unto the world of things I did not know but by report which ordinarily holds not so true as things we have both knowne and seene In this house of Bredenberg there was a great number of men women and children besides the Souldiers that had taken their flight thither as to a place of refuge at the enemies first coming into the land There was also in this house great store of riches belonging to the Lord of the house and to the Fugitives that was brought from the Country The Major valourously defended the place for six dayes untill the time they had approached unto the moate and shot two severall breaches in the wall and being so neare the enemy directed a Drummer unto the Major to see if he would Parle But the Drummer returned with an answer that so long as there was bloud in Dumbarres head that house should never be given over which answer so incensed the enemy against them that they sware if they got the upper hand over them they should all die without quarters Shortly after the answer was returned the Major was shot dead in the head with a fire-lock The rest of the Officers were ashamed to Capitulate for an Accord the Major having refused immediately after Captaine Duncan Forbesse was killed and after him Lievetenant Barbour and then Captaine Carmichell who had no charge there but came by accident to visit his Cameradâ—s before the Enemies coming whose fortune was not to eschew the payment of that debt by longer continuation The Enemy then passing the Moâ—te or Fossey with a generall storme scorned all quarters and being entred cruelly put all to
by his Majestie in all haste to ship three Companies and to goe with them for the reliefe of Trailesound I being appointed to stay for the other Companies comming they being come to Alshenure were shipped also and arriving at Copemanhagen it behoved me in all haste to ship and follow the Lievetenant Colonell for reliefe of Trailesound being hard beleager'd where I entred the twenty-eight of May and was no sooner drawne up in the Market place but presently we were sent to watch at Franckendore to relieve the other Division that had watched three dayes and three nights together uncome off that being the weakest part of the whole Towne and the onely poste pursued by the enemy which our Lievetenant Colonell made choice of being the most dangerous for his Countries credit where we watched fortie eight houres together till we were relieved againe by the other Division and so Singulis noctibus per vices during six weekes time that my cloathes came never off except it had beene to change a suite or linnings The fifteenth Observation THis Towne of Trailesound being hard beleager'd by the Emperialists they desired humbly the protection and assistance of his Majestie of Denmarke which was willingly granted unto them having accorded on their Conditions his Majestie made choice of our Regiment to be sent thither having had sufficient proofe of our former service in his Majesties presence and under command of others his Majesties Generalls So that before others we were trusted on this occasion where we did come with a timely reliefe to those Burgers that were wearied and toyled with watching and also hurt by their enemies whom they had beaten from their walles twice before our coming In this accident which hapned in Zeland betwixt the Boores and our Souldiers we may see the Antipathy that is betwixt Souldiers and Boores where the one cannot with patience indure the sight of the other without some present jarre so that it were impossible to make them agree together if Military Discipline were not strictly observed and the transgressours exemplarily punished Here also I cannot omit the over-sight committed by those Belly-gods the CoÌ„missaries that serve the publique State worst yet are oft-times best recompenced whose neglect on this March was the cause of shedding the innocent bloud of the poore Labourers and of the Souldiers also and it was pittie such a King should entertaine so many of this sort of belly-gods that studied nothing so much as to fill their own Coffers and to raise their houses without any care had of the Publique Weale Here also I cannot allow of that vaine custome amongst the Officers that will make a bad choice for a little ostentive credit having the good in their election to make choice of the worst for in occasions against our enemies we should rather take all advantages as of strength of ground of Sunne and winde and shall he not be thought yet unwiser who may be the Instrument to save his people on service that willingly will make choice of a place to lose them No menagrie in my opinion comparable to that which spares the lives of men from losing and I perswade my selfe I need not insist in this reprehension seeing the actor though out of time was sorrowfull enough for his evill choice Here also I did observe that frequent danger doth encourage the feeblest Souldier who by daily dangers and the familiaritie made with death in stepping every day over the bodies of dead men who perhaps never before had seene one die naturally much lesse to see daily and hourely examples of violent death learning wit by by-past losses and experience had in the exercise of our Calling being hardned with toyle and travell Therefore in my judgement no man is more worthy of the name of a Souldier than he that indures best wearisome toyle and travell in this honourable Calling not withdrawing the shoulder but by pushing it forwards couragiously having once begun for though in all affaires of this kinde the beginnings seeme hard and difficult yet soone after we finde it lighter according to the measure of our advancement and reward in the end we enjoy still the greater contentment as became of me the first time my friends led me up a steepe hill when my breath begun to faile me looking behinde and seeing what way I had put by the rest to the top of the hill seemed nothing unto me being so neare the end of my travell but was pleasant rather than tedious And therefore we use to say He that beginneth well hath halfe ended At our entry in this Towne our travell and toyle once begun continued night and day for six weekes till we grew hard with travell yet not hard as many of the Dutch that are hard against the Musket Bullet this proofe we lacked He that shews himselfe honest in his calling and Travells the Travell passeth the honestie remaineth But on the contrary when we have taken delight in evill the delight passeth and the evill remaineth Happie therefore are those who travell in well-doing for when the paines are gone then doe they enjoy the pleasure We reade of Cincinnatus brought from the plough to the Senate to be made Consull for his Travell the like we reade of Quintus taken from his plough to be Consull also a great change No wonder then to take a man from the plough to be a Souldier as the Porter of Fowles called Mac-Weattiche who in this Towne of Trailesound did prove as valiant as a sword fearing nothiâ—g but discredit and the down-looke or frowne of his Officers lest he should offend them The sixteenth Dutie discharged of our Watches and Accidents that occurred in this Towne before the Enemy did storme our Workes THE twenty-eight of May 1628 not without danger both by water and from laâ—d we entred the Towne of Trailesound the Emperiall Armie lying before it having their batteries neere the water at our in-coming they shot our Mast having grounded before our in-coming we ranne the hazard both of drowning and killing but being againe without hurt come off our Camerades wearied of watching immediatly after our entry we relieved the watch at Franckendor being the onely Poast in the Towne most pursued by the enemy The order of our watch was after this manner of the seaven Companies one Company watched still on the Island before the Towne called the Hollomne the other three Companies were ordained by foure a clocke afternoone to parade in the Market place and afterwards to march to their Poâ—st at Franckendor without the walles on scurvie outworkes which were but slightly fortified with a dry Moate the enemy lying strong before us and approaching neare we fearing a sudden on-fall those that were relieved of the watch by five of the clocke were ordained againe to meet by nine of the clocke at night and to watch againe on the by-watch till foure of the clocke in the morning whereof the one halfe were appointed to lie in readinesse at their Armes without
thanking our countrimen he died of paine and agony before night After this show made of courage by the besieged they being discouraged desired a Parle where Major Greeneland an English Cavalier then serving the Emperour was sent out to make the accord with his Majesty pledges delivered by both the accord agreed on was subscribed where it was coâ—cluded the Governour should march out with flying Colours and Armes and with two peeces of Ordinance with bag and baggage and a convoy to the next Emperiall Garrison providing the Governour should leave behinde him all cannon being threescore peeces of Brasse all store of Amunition and victuall and all spare Armes and to march forth precisely the next day by twelve of the clocke But had the Governour the Duke of Savellie bin so valorous as those he commanded he might in respect of the season situation of the Towne have kept the City a moneth longer so that to our Iudgments he was no good Souldier knowing his Generall was able to relieve him The enemy thus march't away and his Majesty having beset the Garrison heareing Generall Tylly with a strong Army had taken resolution to visit his Majesty in Maclenburgh he stood not long on advisement but out of hand disposed of his Army couragiously wisely and circumspectly as the event did witnesse his Majesties good command an resolution Damaine beset with Swedens Generall Bannier was ordained to stay there for to command the Garrison and to keepe correspondence with his Majesties and with others in case of Tyllies coming Generall Major Kniphowsen was sent with his owne Regiment and six companies of my Lord of Rhees commanded by his Lievetenant Colonell Bainshow to lie at new Brandenburg Major Sinclair with two companies was ordained to lie at Triptowe the Grave Fonottenburg with his Majesties Regiment of horse and my squadron of Foote was appointed to lie at Malchene his Majesty himselfe with the rest of the Army were to lie at Pooswell being the passe unto Pomeren and to the Oder Felt-marshall Horne being recall'd with his forces from Landsberg was ordained to lie at Freedland all having their instructions and orders in writ which they durst not passe one jot to th' end that where ever Tyllies Army would settle the rest of our Army from the severall Garrisons should come together to relieve the party besieged if his Majesty thought fitting So leaving Damaine having lost three hundred men before it our march houlds out according to our severall orders and instructions The fifth Observation ALL things were atchieved unto here by the goodnesse of a glorious order being seconded with skilfull and valorous Officers and Souldiers obedient even unto death every one by revolution keeping his certaine time and turne and that with strictnesse each being greedy of their owne honour and advancement under this noble King and Generall who liked of no wicked Souldier living out of compasse and rule such as were birds of the Divells hatching all such were banished from this Army that was led by Pious and religious Gustavus of never dying memory who could not abide any that would profaine Gods ordinance or that refused to give obedience to good orders Here at Letts before our rising to Dameine I could not but pitty though an enemy the Italian Governour that commanded in Letts who suffered himselfe the place and his followers to be surprised knowing of the Armies approach for we see by his example that goods evill conquest with great paines are soone lost going away with wings swifter then the winde whereof Histories are full of examples to which purpose I will inferre one story I have reade of Hugolene Gerrardesque Depise as records Paulus Aemilius in the eighth booke of the French story This Hugolene being a Commander for the Pope over the Guelfes having chased a part of the Gibelins that were with the Emperour terrifying the rest he became so greatly renowned amongst his owne folke that he commanded what he pleased and was made Lord and Governour of a City as this Italian was here being accounted noble rich magnificent and learned he was married having good issue he abounded in all riches more then he could desire or wish being counted happy and at his ease according to his owne minde and the opinion of his friends he made a feast on his birth day and having assembled his friends being merry he fell in commendation of his owne worth and honour extolling himselfe above the Clouds so farre that he begun to aske of one of his neerest friends if he thought he lacked any thing to make him happy the other considering the uncertainty of worldly affaires and the deceitfull vanities thereof that perish in a moment when the Lord pleaseth but to breath said certainely the wrath of God cannot be farre from this thy great prosperity Incontinent the Forces of the Gibelius begining to stirre unexpected come about the lodging breake in through the Ports kill his children and take himselfe who begging life being refused was miserably murthered and all his goods taken by the enemy in Italy in the yeare 1288. to teach all mortall men not to glory too much in uncertaine riches that come but slowly and goe away swiftly Those men that are meanely risen may justly be checked here that when they have attained unto wealth riches and honour presently they will begin to counterfeit the Nobility pressing to tread in their footeâ—steps though not belonging unto them for wealth attained unto it may be by unlawfull meanes should not make the owners too proud of it lest suddenly it may be lost as chanced to Hugolene Neverthelesse some fantastick Officers that cannot governe themselves nor their wealth they will hunt and hawke with traines on Princes bounds as I have knowne some doe being abroad thinking themselves equall to Princes whereof they were farre short and they will have their silver plate their gold their silver their Iewells their Coaches their horses their traines and Officers of houshold counterfeiting greatnesse and great men having it may be but little worth besides suffering themselves in their Pompe to be surprized their goodâ— taken from them and then to be cast in a close dungeon or prison till they die for want the reward of their pride whereas it had beene better they had lived with greater sobriety and modesty and then if misfortune should happen unto them they would be the more respected and consequently the sooner set at liberty I have read of Cavaliers that served long and truely with credit whose mindes were not set on outward things perishable but rather their hunting was after a good name renowne and credit to leave behinde them when all other things might be stripped from them which in my opinion were more to be commended then those that would counterfeit worth being without it But on the contrary I have knowne some Cavaliers that hunted after credit did gaine much renowne and were rich in credit though poore otherwise leaving no more houshold stuffe
much on the wisedome discretion and valour of Generall Major Kniphowsen as that of himselfe he was sufficiently able to make an honourable Accord when better could not be And in the meane time to divert the enemy from him his Majestie did make a Carracole with the halfe of his Army towards Swede on the River of the Oder where he built a ship-bridge over the River and caused to fortifie it with Skonces that in his option he might come and goe on both sides of the River till Feltmarshall Horne might joyne with him Generall Tilly hearing the King was marched and fearing some great designe he pressed Brandenburg so much the harder with continuall shooting of Cannon till a Breach was made and then out of time Kniphowsen did send his Lievetenant Colonell with a Drummer to the breach to desire a Parle but being neglected by the enemy as too late The Parle refused Lievetenant Colonell was killed the enemy having given Orders for a generall storme which going on Lievetenant Colonell Lindesey and Captaine Moncreiffe were both killed and Lievetenant Keith and Ensigne Haddon were also cut downe in the fury with many a brave Souldier besides who being denied Quarters fought valiantly to the last man The other Scots Officers of the Regiment being within the Towne as Captaine Ennis Captaine Gunne Captaine Beaton and Captaine Lermond with their Officers and Souldiers were for the most part taken prisoners with Lievetenant Lyell and some other inferiour Officers Captaine Ennis being on another Poast without the Port which was not stormed at all the enemy having entred on the other side of the Towne where in the fury they did put the most part to the sword and coming through the Towne Port upon Ennis his Poast behinde him he and Lievetenant Lumsdell did leape into the Graffe and saved themselves through a marrish from the fury of their enemies and came to us to Freedland Brandenburg thus taken in a partie was sent towards Trepto where Sinclaire did command getting orders to take it in also But Sinclaire did behave himselfe valiantly in falling out upon the enemy who retired againe without great hurt and maintained the Towne for two nights till he had received Orders from the Feltmarshall to quit it in the night And after that he did joyne with us at Freedland The Feltmarshall knowing that Brandenburg being taken the enemies Forces would march upon him and he having Orders and instructions in writing from his Majestie he retired with his Army over the passe towards Aucklam the enemy advanced to Freedland finding us to be gone they retired in hafte backe to Brandenburg and from thence they march backe againe to Rapine suspecting his Majestie had marched before them towards Magdeburg Tillies Army being marched we retired to Freedland from whence Ensigne Greame with some Dragoniers was sent to Brandenburg to take Order for the hurt and sicke whom Generall Tilly had left behinde him which were plondered and some others killed by the Ensigne and his Souldiers who had also runne the same hazard by the enemy his Crabatts had they not retired in time after whose returne my Musketiers being come from Malchene we were readie to march The sixth Observation THE crueltie and inhumanitie used here by Tillies Armie giving so ill quarters to our Nation to Burgers and to those that served at the Altar was not long unpunished at such places as they least expected And Generall Major Kniphowsen was not voide of blame for refusing a Treatie in due time seeing he had no certaintie of reliefe and being lâ—ft to capitulate with the enemy at his owne discretion by his instructions he had from his Majestie he ought to have embraced the opportunitie of time which once past is not to be recovered in capitulating with the enemy for honourable Quarters rather than to have brought himselfe and others to the slaughter for he who delayes to embrace time when it is offered must not presse to recover it and oft-times good occasions in warfare are lost when Commanders are ignorant of their enemies doings Therefore while time is we ought to be diligent and carefull for it is better to be in safetie through preventing than basely to suffer under our enemies occasion being past which oft-times in warres helpes more than vertue it selfe for if Kniphowsen had embraced Tillies offer when he might our worthy Camerades had not suffered as they did which sufferance after that made Cavaliers bâ—ing freed out of prison to seeke Conditions else-where for their advâ—ncements such as Captaine Ennis being first made Major to Colonell Monro of Obstell was afterward Lievetenant Colonell to the Master of Forbesse after the death of that worthy Cavalier Sir Arthur Forbesse Likewise Captaine William Gunne being comâ— out of prison was after advanced by Sir Patrick Ruthven Generall Major and Governour of Olme to be his Lievetenant Colonell over the Dutch in Schwabeland Captaine Beaton was made Major and afterward Lievetenant Colonell to young Colonell Skeutte Captaine Lermond also was advanced to be Captaine of Dragoniers and Iames Lyel hâ—ving served long under Sir Iohn Ruthven his Regiment the Regiment reduced and the Captaine leavying againe for the French service was pittifully murthered by knaves in Westphalia Henry Lindesey advanced to be Captaine of his Majesties Leeffe Regiment under Grave Neles after for reward of his vertue and valour was preferred to be Lievetenant Colonell to Colonell Alexander Lesly the younger Captaine Brumfield was made Major to Colonell Gunne and after that Regiment was reduced being under Sir Iohn Ruthven was pittifully hurt in Combate and then resolutely died of his wounds at Bucksteehood being much lamented by all that knew him for as valourous and expert an Officer as any of his qualitie was under our Armie so that we see here that though the Regiment suffered great losse at Brandenburg neverthelesse the valiant Officers were advanced according to their former good carriage Likewise I cannot with silence here passe by the valourous carriage of Major Iohn Sinclaire at Trepto in making a faire shew of a bad game while as the enemy came before Trepto with a partie of a thousand Musketiers he not having a hundred Musketiers within the Towne in all neverthelesse fell out with fiftie amongst a thousand and skirmished bravely and orderly with the enemy and retired againe with credit making the enemy thinke that he was a great deale stronger within walles I confesse as it was well ventured so the Cavalier was beholden to Fortune in coming so safely backe But I will not advise my friend to make use of the like for if the enemy had haply got a prisoner of his who could have shewed his true strength that might have caused the losse of all But the Cavalier did hazard faire to gaine credit for as he was valourous in Conduct and amongst others even so being singled out he feared no man as you shall see in the subsequent observations before we end our march Here also I
him die contracted such griefe for his death that she threw herselfe into the grave with her husband where she died and lay with him This wish I hope cannot be taken in ill part by the vertuous Ladies that are like Cornelia but I feare there is none such at all To conclude then this point of my observation in my judgment no women are more faithfull more chast more loving more obedient nor more devout then Souldiers wives as daily experience doth witnesse and none have more reason to be so then some of them whose husbands doe daily undergoe all dangers of body for their sakes not fearing death it selfe to â—elieve and keepe them from dangers To th' end you may see that the noble parts and vertues before mentioned are not proper alone unto the Feminine sex I will here inferre some notable examples of the good will love and faithfullnesse of husbands to their wives especially Souldiers whereof amongst many for the present I will to content the Reader mention two or three that are notable whereof one happened at this time in our warfare worthy to be recorded of that noble valorous pious and worthy Cavalier the Felt-marshall Gustave Horne the Peste having entred his lodging and taken away two of his Children seazed on his vertuous Lady daughter to the Chancellor of Sweden the Cavaliers love was so great that in the extremity of her sicknesse he never suffered her to be out of his armes till she died and then caused her to be put in a Silver Coffin that she might be transported for her country to be buried amongst her friends and his love was so great unto her that after her death though a young man he could never be moved to leade his life with any other woman Another example we reade in the story written by Pliâ—ie Valerius Maximus that is very notable to this purpose Sempronius Gracchus finding two serpents coming out of his bed enquired of Theologues what might that accident presage they answered that if he killed the she serpent his wife should die and if he killed the he serpent he should die himselfe he loved his wife Cornelia so dearely that he commanded to kill the he serpent and shortly after he himselfe died Also that which we reade of Meleager sonne to Danneus is notable who would not rise out of his chaire for the reliefe of the Towne he was in for his father mother brethren or sisters all crying and calling for his helpe who nothing cared for their ruine but how soone Cleopatra his wife came to him desiring his helpe and telling him the enemy was alreadie entred the Towne and was setting the houses on fire this stony-hearted man who before could be moved by nothing at the desire of his wife went to Armes against the enemy and repulsing them backe saved the Towne from wracke and ruine and the Citizens from death for this Meleager as all honest men ought to doe esteemed his wife and himselfe but one so that he could deny her nothing Here it may be some will alleage he was Iohn Thomsons man I answer it was all one if shee was good for all stories esteeme them happie that can live together man and wife without contention strife or jarres and so doe I. And in my opinion no wife can be ill that wants the gall for the gall in the body is the seate of choler from which the love of man and wife should be free and as of gall so of despite of anger and of bitternesse The eight Dutie discharged of our March to Francford on the Oder and the intaking of it the third of Aprill 1631. THE twenty-fourth of March 1631. his Majestie having disposed of his Armie in putting them in good Order of Briggaddes horse and foote through he severall occasions and accidents happening in warre his Majestie before his march finding the enemy lay strong in the Silesian and at Lansberg lest he might fall downe unto Pomeren and Marke to disturbe the new forces that were expected to come from Spruce and from Scotland his Majestie directed Feltmarshall Horne with a part of his Horse that crost the bridge at Swede unto Pomeren and the Wart to collect the forces there for to be fured and led towards the Wart and Lansberg to give the enemy somewhat to thinke on while as his Majestie might march with the rest of the Armie consisting then of ten thousand foote and horse towards Francford where under the command of the Feltmarshall Tuffenback and the Grave Fon-Schonberg Governour of Francford on the Oder there were drawne together of the Emperialists neere nine thousand foote and horse Generall Tilly with this maine Armie then lying at Rapin after his returne from Brandenburg with two and twentie thousand foote and horse his Majestie then not being sure neither of his brother in law the Duke of Brandenburg nor yet of the Duke of Saxon though the League was ended with the King of France his Majesties affaires thus standing doubtfull we marched towards Francford with a resolution to prie into the enemies designes more than any wayes resolved for a beleaguering having such strong enemies and Armies about us without assurance of our pretended friends and confederates yet having continued our march till within a mile of Francford our enemies retiring out of all quarters were come into one body at Francford who having joyned we did heare the enemy was almost as strong within as we were without and he having of us the advantage of the Towne behinde him for his retreate we expected no other thing than that the enemy should come out and offer us Battell Wherefore his Majestie himselfe discharging the dutie of a Generall Major as became him well having sought the ayd and assistance of Sir Iohn Hepburne beginneth to put the Armie horse foote and Artillery in order of Battell the commanded Musketiers as his forlorne hope advanced before the Army having placed plottons of them by fifties to march with his squadrons of horse all being in even front the signe given for advancing Trumpets sounding Drummes beating Colours displayed advanced and flying every Commander directed and appointed on his Command and Station the magnifick and Royall King leads on this Royall Army marching in battell order for halfe a mile as comely as one body could doe with one pace and one measure advancing stopping moving and standing alike till at last coming neere the Towne and finding no Hostile Ranconter made by the enemy we hault standing a while in Battell and then resolved being the enemy durst not meet us in the fields we would presse on the sudden to be Masters of Francford or not at all knowing of the neerenesse of our enemies and of the great strength they had together and seeing we were not sure of the Princes we resolved the taking of time was the best for us and incontinent his Majestie commanded out the most part of his Cavalerie to make a Carracolle behinde us betwixt us and
I should fall on and relieve him and his as I did continuing the service till we made the enemy retire over a bridge that was hard by the Towne so that I was forced for our owne safeties having lost divers Souldiers that were killed with the Cannon to divide my Souldiers making the halfe of them to cast â—p a running Trench while as the rest were hot skirmishing with the enemy being in danger of boâ—h Cannon and Musket but my Souldiers once getting in the ground we fortified our selves against their Cannon and resolved in case of their out falling to maintaine the ground we had formerly wonne with the losse of our bloud having loâ—t in one halfe houre above thirtie Souldiers whereof six were killed with the Cannon The enemy finding the Skonce was lost and us so farre advanced on the strongest side Feltmarshall Horne with his Forces marching on the other side that was weakest they presently did send a Drummer on our side to parlé for quarters whom I received and being hood-wink't he was sent with a Convoy to his Majestie who condescended to the Treatie and pledges being delivered the Treatie went on the Accord subscribed his Majestie came and thanked Dowbatle and us for our good service where large promises were made unto us of reward and to Colonell Hepburne also for takiâ—g in of the Skonce The enemy being strong in the Towne and above twice our strength his Majestie resolved to send to Francford for more Forces both of horse and foote to come to him before the enemy was suffered to march out of the Towne to whom conditions were granted to transport foure pieces of Ordnance and the Souldiers to march out with full Armes bagge and baggage with Drummes beating and flying Colours and a Convoy of Horsemen towards Glogoe His Majestie having beset the Garrison as soone as they marched out having seene their strength we were ashamed of their carriage being the eldest Troopes and the choice by report of the whole Imperia'l Armie who cowardly did give over such a strong Towne being without necessitie and in hope of reliefe One of my Captaines called Dumaine having contracted a feaver here before Lansberg being râ—moved to Francford died there and being buried my Lievetenant David Monro was preferred to be Captaine of his Company and Ensigne Burton was made Lievetenant and Bullion his brother having taken his passe my Sergeant Andrew Rosse was made Ensigne to Captaine David and William Bruntfield was preferred to be my Lievetenant and Mongo Gray Ensigne This Towne being taken both Pomeren and the Markes of Brandenburg were cleered of the Emperialists being sent up unto Silesia The next Sabbath his Majestie that was ever ready to reward good servants for vertue he caused to make our guide the Black-smith being a stout fellow and a craftie Burgo-master of the Towne who did get from his Majestie two hundred Duckets besides His Majestie on the Sabbath day in the afternoone suffered the principall Officers of his Armie such as Generall Banier and Lievetenant Generall Bawtis and divers others to make merry though his Majestie did drinke none himselfe for his custome was never to drinke much but very seldome and upon very rare considerations where sure he had some other plot to effectuate that concerned his advancement and the weale of his State The ninth Observation THis Towne of Lansberg being a Frontier Garrison lying neare the borders of Pole on the Wert the having of it made Pomeren sure and the Marke giving unto his Majestie the freer passage unto Silesia and therefore it was that his Majestie did use the greater diligence and celeritie in obtaining of it with as great honour and reputation as could be imagined in respect of the inequalitie of strength betwixt us and our enemies As also in consideration of the situation of the place being on the one side fortified by nature yet beyond nature and probabilitie of reason This strong Garrison was forced to yeeld to Gustavus who was Mars his Minion and Fortunes Favourite or rather their Master as we see by his frequent Victories obtained against his enemies who though strongest are made to submit to the weakest partie where we may see that as industry is fruitfull so there is a kinde of a good Angell as it were waiting ever upon diligence carrying a Lawrell in his hand to crowne her And therefore it was that they said of old that Fortune should not be prayd unto but with hands in motion which made this valiant King love ever to be busied in vertues exercise befitting a Generall that carried a minde as this Invincible King did while he lived still rising to blessednesse and contentation It is commonly seene that those who feare least are commonly overcome as became of Francford on the Oder and this Towne also and though victory we see be from God yet to overcome an enemy the courage and skill of Commanders is very requisit and necessary And where good military discipline is observed as was done here there confidence doth arise perswading us we can doe what we please Of this opiâ—ion was our Leader and our Armie never doubted of their owne valour nor of their Leaders good Conduct which made our Victories the easier to be gotten Here also we see the goodnesse of intelligence for had his Majestie not gotten the Black-smith or some other like unto him to have beene intelligencer and guide to winne through the shallow Trinkets he led us to the Damme upon the head of their Watch who were surprized hardly could we have overcome this Towne on such a sudden for without this good of intelligence which is so necessary and of so great a moment in warres nothing or very little can be effectuated in unknowne places For good Intelligencers are so requisit in an Armie that no meanes ought to be spared on them providing they be trustie for one designe or secret of our enemies well knowne may bring all the rest we desire to a wished end or at least preserve us and ours from danger This Black-smith that was our guide in leading us towards our enemy at our first on-going on service the enemy playing hard with Muskets neverthelesse he went on without feare under-taking alike danger with our selves but finding in time of hot service some falling besides him our powder being a little wet and not giving so good report as the enemies did he then said he would returne to his Majestie and send us better powder yet I thinke though here there did appeare some lacke of constant resolution in him that time exercise and frequency of danger would make him a brave fellow being of a strong and a good able body but in my opinion the stoutest of men till they be a little acquainted with the furious noise of the Cannon will naturally feare and stoope at the first Likewise his Majestie was to be commended for his diligence by night and by day in setting forwards his workes for he was ever out of
invincible had many Here also at the intaking of Hagleberg Generall Bannier did well in giving the Souldiers some liberty of booty to the end they might prove the more resolute another time for Souldiers will not refuse to undergoe any hazard when they see their Officers willing to reward them with honour and profit The thirteenth Duty discharged at our Royall Leaguer of Werben on the Elve against Generall Tillio his Army ABout the middest of Iuly 1631 his Majesties forces being come together of Horse and Foote he did resolve to set downe his Leaguer at Werben on the Elve where the River of the Haggle enters into it and spying a parcell of ground the most commodious that could be had for situation and aire having first the commodity of transportation by water on the Rivâ—r of the Haggle running into the Elve at the Leaguer whereon all provisions could be brought for maintaining of his Army He had also the whole country on the other side of the Elve behinde him as his friends This Leaguer lay along the side of the River on a plaine meadow being guarded by the River on one side and the foreside was guarded by a long earthen Dike which of old was made to hold off the River from the Land which Dike his Majestie made use of dividing it by Skonces and Redoubts which defended one another with Flanckering having Batteries and Cannon set within them alongst the whole Leaguer he did also set over the River a Ship-bridge for his Retreate in neede as also for bringing commodiously of provision and succours from the Country and Garrisons on the other side as Hagleberg Rateno Perleberg and others In like manner his Majestie did fortifie the Towne of Werben for his Magazin being close to the Leaguer with workes about it which defended the Leaguer and the Leaguer-workes were made to defend the Towne also so that they could relieve one another being in most distresse and both the Towne-wall and Leaguer-wall were so thicke and firme oâ— old earth faced up with new that no Cartow could enter into it The Bulwarkes on which the Batteries were made for the Cannon were also very strong and formally built and they flanckered one another so that none could finde but folly in pressing to enter by storme And betwixt the flanckerens were left voides for letting Troopes of horse in and out with slawght Bommes before them where strong guards were kept for defending the passage Aâ—d on the one side of this Leaguer were planted above one hundred and fiftie pieces of Cannon great and small besides those that were planted on the Towne workes and our whole Horsemen were quartered within the Leaguer The manner we were ordained to watch this Leaguer every Briggad of foote had such a portion of the Leaguer appointed for them to watch and maintaine by fight in case of a storme which part they had fortified themselves and Briggads of horse were ordained to attend particularly on a foote Briggad to second them if that the enemy at a storme should beate the foot backe from their Poasts then the horse Briggad was ready to charge till the foote might be recollected by the diligence and valour of their Officers for besides the watch ordinary on the Poasts the whole Briggads of foote stood in readinesse at all Alarums behinde the guard and the horse Briggads did stand in Battaile behinde them Likewise without the Leaguer there were squadrons of our horsemen to stand in readinesse at one end that while as the enemies foote should march on to the storme our horsemen might charge through to the end of the Leaguer where they were to be received againe within the Leaguer being hardly followed so that the judicious Reader can easily judge what a difficultie it was to storme such a Leaguer Being thus provided to welcome our enemy his Majestie hearing of his enemies neere approach with a strong Armie his Majestie did resolve like a wise Generall to try his enemies courage in the Field before they should come neare to discourage his little Armie And therefore his Majestie commanded out a strong partie of two thousand Musketiers and a thousand horse which partie he did lead himselfe and finding by his intelligence Tillies Armie were advanced so farre as to Wolmerstat his Majestie Ante omnia called in unto the Leaguer all the Garrisons which were without on that side of the River whereon the eâ—emy did march and getting good intelligence of the enemies fore-Troopes being foure Regiments of horse the best of Tillies Armie viz. Colonell Harmesteans his Regiment of Curassiers Mounte Cuculies Regiment Holks Regiment of Curassiers and Corramino his Regiment which were all about fortie two Cornets of Curassiers being quartered beside Tangermonde not knowing how neere they were come unto the valiant Gustavus that though a King would not stand on a Ceremony to make the first visit unto such valourous Cavaliers of their worths and to make his Majesties visit the more gracefull though lesse acceptable well I wot he did send the Rhine-grave and Colonell Collenbagh with five hundred Dragoniers and their owne two Regiments of horse to salute them at their quarter in his Majesties name honouring them first with a Salve of Muskets â—est they should thinke it discourtesie to have come unto them without sending before which being mis-taken by the enemy the skirmish went on Colonell Harmestean was killed Holke and Coronell Corramino fled so that the enemies fore-Troopes were driven to confusion having lost twenty-nine Cornets the Troopes whereof were defeated and ruined so that our horsemen did make good bootie having gotten horses and a great deale of riches The enemy in this Conflict did lose above a thousand men and his Majesties losse was great also having lost his owne sisters sonne the young Rhinegrave being killed on his first exployt being the seventeenth of Iuly the Cavaliers death was much regrated by his Majestie and the whole Armie but the exployt ended his Majestie did retire towards the Leaguer having left some Officers and Horsemen that had followed in the flight Genâ—rall Tilly and Colonell Holke dogging them to their Quarters where both hardly escaped untaken The Swedens disappointed of their onslaught retired afâ—er his Majestie to their Leaguer and having put a terror in the enemies Armie by this defeat he did get foure dayes longer continuation to put all things in good Order against their coming during which time the enemy was busied in recollecting of his scattered Troopes and in putting his Armie in good Order forgetting of his revenge His Majestie as soone as he came backe did send incontinent Orders to all the chiefe Officers of the Armie to come instantly to his Tent where being come he asked their advice whether it were best the enemy being strong timely to retire over the Elve or that he should bide their coming before the Leaguer and finding no man to answer him all turning it over upon himselfe being wise knowing that Counsell
adventures to Rancounter his enemy with a partie and having tryed them to their losse he retired againe with credit preparing his Leaguer being strongly beset with men Amunition and victualls he was not afraid to be taken unawares as the French were within Philipsburg not being provided to oppose their enemies for their sloath they were cruelly murthered Teaching others by their examples not to trust too much in securitie be the place never so strong if they be left unto themselves and grow carelesse they must needs suffer under the Tyranny of their enemies Likewise his Majestie not trusting to hiâ— owne wisedome he did call his chiefe Officers to Counsell asking them what was to be done as wise Commanders ought to doe and finding them all by silence to relie on his Majesties will giving Orders for all things that were to be done before their coming he resolved to stand to it being truely couragious as he did not adventure rashly without asking his Officers advice knowing once their resolution agreeable to his owne he was not inconsiderately afraid of his enemies strength though mightie and strong neither was he unprovided against their coming His Majesties dexteritie of Command is seene here by the order of his discipline in giving good orders for watching First he divided the Postes and appointed what footmen or Briggad should watch on the severall Posts as they were severally fortified by themselves to the end no man might blame their owne worke for insufficiency to hold out the enemy As also he appointed severall Briggads of horse to second the Postes severally every one knowing where to repaire in time of service As also he did instruct them of the manner they were to fight in resisting the enemies entry As also in case of their entry he did instruct both foote and horse how and in what manner they should be repulsed againe promising according to his wonted Custome to be a Companion both of their travells and dangers and that he should never leave them till first they should quit him and that he would promise as he was a Royall King A worthy saying of a worthy King and Generall whose prudence and wisedome in Command was ever answerable to the dignitie of his majesticke person that ought and should be endued with infinite vertues since infinite were those things he had to foresee and which are needfull for a man of his place Infinite chances and altogether divers every moment were set before him in so much that Argos Eyes were too few for him not onely in respect of the weight of his Command but also in respect of the wit and prudence which was requisit for him All other commands belonging to a Souldier are so inferiour to this of a Generall that almost they are nothing in respect of this who amongst others his great gifts he must know severly to command and softly to beare with others As also he must learne patiently to give place to others contumacy and he must not onely be powerfull to strengthen for his owne affaires but also he must weaken his enemies and chiefely he must make warre by policy without giving battell or travell as this wise Generall did deale twice with old Tillie who was forced after a long march having but visited him and seene his orders to retire againe with the losse of many men without any detriment or hurt at all to his Majesties owne litle Army which he kept ever to the best by preserving them from their enemies and by supplying of them as they became weake so that their weaknesse could never be truly discerned Who would not then admire the wisdome and foresight of this Generall in preserving this little Army at this time for a second fitter occasion Who ever then was so worthy of the honourable title of a Generall as he For though he had bin no King he was a brave warriour and which is more a good man magnificent wise just meeke indued with learning and the gift of tongues and as he had strength of body and a manlike stature he had also the ornaments of the minde fitting a brave Commander he knew how to dally and weary an Army led by such an old Generall as Tillie was for though he did vaunt he had beaten two Kings before in an open field the third King made him for all his experience and old yeares to be thought but a child againe having made him traverse with his Army before in the winter from Rapin to new Brandenburg and backe againe to Madeburg finding the King did lie in suerty at Swede till he was gone and then tooke in both Francford and Lanseberg and againe he made him retire from During to Verben for a visit and then forced him to returne againe to Saxonie with the losse of six thousand men without effecting any thing for his coming not the least advantage undoing himselfe and his Army by the seasons sometimes with the extremity of cold in the middâ—st of winter and at this time he made him march in the middest of the dogge dayes for lacke of victualls and his Majesty having discouraged this old Generall and his Army he thought then it was fit time to follow and to search him out till he was made to fight This resolute King did not sleepe long in suffering Tillies bravade made before Verben to be unrepayed having the next morning hunted and chased his coâ—rrasiers with a few number of Haggapells to the middest of their Army having with honour retired againe he thought Tillie was ingaged to storme his Leaguer in reveng but all could not winde or draw him to it But was forced through hunger to retire all provisions being taken out of his way for his Majesty knew well when they should be oppressed with hunger at their coming they could thinke on no generous exploit for oftimes an Army is lost sooner by hunger then by fighting and hunger it selfe is crueller a great deale then the sword For to hunger and to fight valiantly doth not agree with nature and in an Army hunger is more intolerable then the thundering of Cannon and Musket Armes doe resist Armes but to resist hunger no Fort no Strength no Moate or Foffie is able to doe it To conclude then this my observation when God is with us all things succeede well unto us as did with this fortunate King Gustavus who I knew did feare God and I perswade my selfe by his example and after him by the example of another Gustavus Felt-marshall Horâ—e who truly feared God in his calling without pride or ostentation many others under them following their examples though Souldiers did the like Therefore no wonder that they and those who followed them were happy in their enterprises having had such Leaders for that is most sure and infallible where most feare of God is and true piety there is most happinesse and this piety is enough to save Princes And on the contrary without her Armies can doe nothing Horse or strength of
all his will is so that he converts our noisomnesse unto health and our sinnes being ill he turnes them unto our good that eternall Governour triumphs in the Chariot of his providence and if willingly we follow him then freely as his Souldiers if unwillingly we must follow him as captives and servants We see then here by Gods providence the Duke was contented to joyne his Army with the Kings Majesties Army being come to Wittenberg to goe Conjunctis viribus against their common enemy the house of Austria and the Catholique league It had beene good for Madeburg this union had beene sooner concluded but the Lord would not have it seeing their punishments by Generall Tillies Army their scourge was decreed long before But now the Duke of Saxon terrified by their example thinkes it better to prevent such another wound by joyning with his Majesty being made warie by others fall for it is better late to thrive then never and it is better to prevent evill then to suffer and it was better for the Duke of Saxon to blush in time then out of time to grow pale for now being taken at the rebound Tillies Army being at Lipsigh seing his own house on fire to be relieved he offers his service to his Majesty damning himselfe soule and body if ever he will forsake his Majesty and his Crowne if then he would but helpe him to beate the enemy out of his country againe So that he which could not be tied with one knot before is now hard tied by foure great points which he was made to condescend unto on his honour and credit to have bin kept unviolable And his Majesty getting him once thus bound the way to make him sure was to make him fight that having dipped his hands once in the bloud of his enemies he was not suddenly to be clensed and this was the manner to tye him harder then the custome was of old amongst the Germans who were wont when they entred in confederacy to draw bloud in a Goblet of both their browes and drinke of it mutually for the more strict observance of their fidelities to each others But shortly after this confederacy was made much German bloud was drawne and of other strangers bloud to make the tie so much the harder and before the tie was broke his Majesties bloud was shed to the perpetuall disgrace of him that after his Majesties death forgetting his honour and credit did violate his confederacy made with the crowne as with the King our Master of never dying memory The fifteenth Dutie discharged of our March over the Elve at Wittenberg to Diben THE Conjunction agreed upon betwixt his Majestie and the Duke of Saxon all things sealed and subscribed his Majestie gave Orders to breake up with the Armie and to crosse the Elve over the bridge at Wittenberg for to joyne with the Dukes Armie the orders were obeyed with great contentment and entering into Saxonie we quartered the first night not farre from Diben the place appointed for our Randez-vouz the next morning we marched thither and were drawne up in battaile on the Fields where in the after-noone the Dukes Armie arrived being drawne up in battaile within Cannon shot of us the whole Officers of our Armie were commanded to be in readinesse on horse-backe to convey his Majestie for to welcome the Duke and his Armie which for pleasing the eye was the most complete little Armie for personages of men comely statures well armed and well arraide that ever mine eyes did looke on whose Officers did all looke as if they were going in their best Apparell and Armes to be painted where nothing was defective the eye could behold This shew seene by his Majestie and his Officers his Majestie returning the Duke with his followers did convey his Majestie to the sight of our Armie which being called to their Armes having lyen over-night on a parcell of plowd ground they were so dusty they looked out like Kitchin-servants with their uncleanely Rags within which were hidden couragious hearts being old experimented blades which for the most part had overcome by custome the toyle of warres yet these Saxons gentry in their bravery did judge of us and ours according to our out-sides thinking but little of us neverthelesse we thought not the worse of our selves The ceremony past we were all remitted to take rest for that night in our former quarters the next morning by breake of day we were called up to march where both our Armies were ordained to march on severall streets one Randezvouz being appointed for us at night within a mile and a halfe of the enemies Armie where being come to our Randezvouz by foure a clocke in the after-noone and drawne up in battaile our guards drawne out to watch were directed to their Postes and then we resting by our Armes as we were in battaile we slept lying where we stood that in case of a Alarum we were not to be found in disorder being ready to fight where we stood Immediately after the Armie was setled in Quarters newes was come to his Majestie in poste that the Castle of Leipsigh was given over by accord to the enemy As also that Generall Tilly with a mightie and strong Armie was come a mile from Leipsigh and was preparing for a Fight which newes did no wayes alter his Majesties countenance being resolved before for the like to have sought him to Fight So that being both willing and so neare it was easie bringiâ—g them together our baggage was appointed to goe backe to Diben our horse and foote watches were strengthened and we were in readinesse and refreshing first our bodies with victualls we slept till the nâ—xâ— morning The fifteenth Observation NOthing earthly is more pleasant to be seene than to see brethren in Christ coâ—joyned against Gods enemies for advancing of the glory of God in promoting of his Gospell and for setting at libertie those poore soules our brethren in Christ that were kept long under the yoke and tyranny of the house of Austria and the Catholique League their mortall enemies Who would not then for their liberties that were banished that they might one day retire to their possessions who would not I say be willing yea more who would not rejoyce having such a Leader as Gustavus was to hazard their lives for the weale of the publique yea more for the promoting of Christs Gospell Surely for mine owne part I was most willing and wished long to have seene a day wherein I might hazard my life in this quarrell in being one of the number of Fighters before I did come at it for many reasons but especially for the libertie of the daughter of our dread Soveraigne the distressed Queene of Bohemia and her Princely Issue next for the libertie of our distressed brethren in Christ and thirdly for my better instruction in the profession of Armes which is my calling for having before seene many occurrences that did belong to our Calling I longed to
then halted againe till his Majestie had commanded out some commanded Horsemen on the wings of the Armie a large distance from the body to scoure the fields of the Crabbats we marched againe in order of Battaile with Trumpets sounding Drummes beating and Colours advanced and flying till we came within reach of Cannon to our enemies Armie then the magnifick and magnanimous Gustavus the Invincible leads up the Briggads of horse one after another to their ground with their Plottons of shot to attend them As also he led up the Briggads of foote one after another to their ground during which time we were drawne up according to our former plot the enemy was thundering amongst us with the noise and roaring whisling and flying of Cannon-Bullets where you may imagine the hurt was great the sound of such musick being scarce worth the hearing though martiall I confesse yet if you can have so much patience with farre lesse danger to reade this dutie to an end you shall finde the musicke well paide but with such Coyne that the players would not stay for a world to receive the last of it being over-joyed in their flying By twelve of the Clock on wednesday the seventh of September in despight of the fury of the enemies Cannon and of his advantages taken they were drawne up in even front with the enemy and then our Cannon begun to roare great and small paying the enemy with the like coyne which thundering continued alike on both sides for two houres and an halfe during which time our Battailes of horse and foote stood firme like a wall the Cannon now and then making great breaches amongst us which was diligently looked unto on all hands by the diligence of Officers in filling up the voide parts and in setting aside of the wounded towards Chirurgians every Officer standing firme over-seeing their Commands in their owne stations succeeding one another as occasion offered By halfe three our Cannon a little ceasing the Horsemen on both wings charged furiously one another our Horsemen with a resolution abiding unloosing a Pistoll till the enemy had discharged first and then at a neere distance our Musketiers meeting them with a Salve then our horsemen discharged their Pistolls and then charged through them with swords and at their returne the Musketiers were ready againe to give the second Salve of Musket amongst them the enemy thus valiantly resisted by our Horsemen and cruelly plagued by our Plottons of Musketiers you may imagine how soone he would be discouraged after charging twice in this manner and repulsed Our Horsemen of the right wing of Finnes and Haggapells led by the valourous Feltmarshall Horne finding the enemies Horsemen out of Order with resolution he charged the enemies left wing forcing them to retire disorderly on their battailes of foote which caused disorder among the foote who were forced then to fall to the right hand our Horsemen retiring his Majestie seeing the enemy in disorder played with Ordnance amongst them during which time the force of the enemies Battailes falls on the Duke of Saxon charging with Horse first in the middest of the Battailes and then the foote giving two Salves of Musket amongst them they were put to the Rout horse and foote and the enemy following them cryed Victoria as if the day had beene wonne triumphing before the victory But our Horsemen charging the remnant of their horse and foote where their Generall stood they were made to retire in disorder to the other hand towards Leipsigh our Armie of foote standing firme not having loosed one Musket the smoake being great by the rising of the dust for a long time we were not able to see about us but being cleared up we did see on the left hand of our reserve two great Battailes of foote which we imagined to have beene Saxons that were forced to give ground having heard the service though not seene it we found they were enemies being a great deale neerer than the Saxons were His Majestie having sent Baron Tyvell to know the certaintie coming before our Briggad I certified him they were enemies and he returning towards his Majestie was shot dead his Majestie coming by gave direction to Colonell Hepburne to cause the Briggads on his right and left wing to wheele and then to charge the enemy the Orders given his Majestie retired promising to bring succours unto us The enemies Battaile standing firme looking on us at a neere distance and seeing the other Briggads and ours wheeleing about making front unto them they were prepared with a firme resolution to receive us with a salve of Cannon and Muskets but our small Ordinance being twice discharged amongst them and before we stirred we charged them with a salve of muskets which was repaied and incontinent our Briggad advancing unto them with push of pike putting one of their battailes in disorder fell on the execution so that they were put to the route I having commanded the right wing of our musketiers being my Lord of Rhees and Lumsdells we advanced on the other body of the enemies which defended their Cannon and beating them from their Cannon we were masters of their Cannon and consequently of the field but the smoake being great the dust being raised we were as in a darke cloude not seeing the halfe of our actions much lesse discerning either the way of our enemies or yet the rest of our Briggads whereupon having a drummer by me I caused him beate the Scots march till it cleered up which recollected our friends unto us and dispersed our enemies being overcome so that the Briggad coming together such as were alive missed their dead and hurt Camerades Colonell Lumsdell was hurt at the first and Lievetenant Colonell Musten also with divers oâ—her Ensignes were hurt and killed and sundry Colours were missing for that night which were found the next day The enemy thus fled our horsemen were pursuing hard till it was darke and the blew Briggad and the commanded musketiers were sent by his Majesty to helpe us but before their coming the victory and the credit of the day as being last ingaged was ascribed to our Briggad being the reserve were thanked by his Majesty for their service in publique audience and in view of the whole Army we were promised to be rewarded The Battaile thus happily wonne his Majesty did principally under God ascribe the glory of the victory to the Sweds and Fynnes horsemen who were led by the valorous Felt-marshall Gustavus Horne For though the Dutch horsemen did behave themselves valorously divers times that day yet it was not their fortune to have done the charge which did put the enemy to flight and though there were brave Briggads of Sweds and Dutch in the field yet it was the Scots Briggads fortune to have gotten the praise for the foote service and not without cause having behaved themselves well being led and conducted by an expert Cavalier and fortunat the valiant Hepburne being followed by Colonell Lumsdell Lievetenant
Discourse having wondered at their carriage that had such externall showes with so few inward giftes of the minde The night thus past the day peeping every one that missed a loving friend or a Camerade went neere to the ground on which they sundered making diligent search to finde them either dead or alive sundries of both were found the dead were put under ground being honourably buried like souldiers that had given their lives for the weale of the publique the wounded were convoyed unto Dorpes where Chirurgians were appointed to attend their cure By nine of the Clocke the Armie was drawne up in Battaile where the difference was great betwixt our show then and the sight of the day before His Majestie having overviewed the Armie he tooke the most part of the Horsemen with him and commanded to march towards Leipsigh with the rest of the Armie to be rested there till further Orders and His Majestie with the Horsemen advanced after the enemie prosecuting the victorie in taking Order with those they had left behind for making their Retreate sure whereof there were left at Leipsigh three thousand men whom His Majestie in his by-going gave Orders to pursue and advanced to a Castle called Morshberg where there were a great many of the enemie who rendred themselves and tooke service Our March continuing to Leipsigh at our comming there we found a well provided Leaguer for our hungrie stomackes of all sort of good victuals where about the Leaguer there were feeding Kine Sheepe Calves Geese Hennes they left also Corne in abundance and flower in readinesse which was the more acceptable being found at hand without travelling for it and to avoide strife and disorder before we entered the Leaguer it was divided proportionally amongst the Regiments as we would part quarters where no man was suffered to take any thing out of an others quarter but it behoved him to be content with his lot whither good or bad so that being quartered they were happie to their meate having come as they say to a peeld egge where we laie two nights refreshing our selves till our bagage was come after us from Diâ—en during which time the Saxons were comming together their feare being past at Leipsigh where Felt Marshall Harnam was appointed with the Dukes forces to take in both the Towne and Castle which immediatly were given over on accord The seventeenth Observation HEre we found the Proverbe verified that they never had an evill day who got a merry night after and the long expectation of this our happinesse made our joye the more welcome for wee helped with great labour toyle and travell to have brought this dayes worke to a good end we rejoyced that the labour and danger being vanished the good of it remained with us and though our Commons were but short our mirth was never the lesse for we ought not to care how laborious or painefull our actions are if the fruite be honest and good for though the paines be first tedious yet betime they will yeeld content What matter is it then of our toyle and travell or what care should we take of trouble or danger so our joyes may be enlarged Iob was not so miserable in his affliction as he was happy in his patience Which should teach all men of our Profession to beare their disturbances and troubles patiently that in end they may come to their wished for credit and honour For he is not worthy the sweete that cannot suffer the sower neither is he worthy to be made participant of such mirth as we enjoyed this night that ranne away in time of danger Here also we see that it is the dutie of the longest livers to see to the honour and credit of their dead friends in taking care of their burialls as the last dutie as also to shew their compassion to their hurt Camerades alive who perhaps received their wounds in rescuing of others whose skinnes were kept sound though theirs torne Here also we see that death is fatall unto all both to feeble and couragious but a glorious death is onely proper unto the valiant who oftest doth eschew death when the fearefull perisheth in an instant and therefore it is that the valiant man doth choose rather to die honourabâ—y than to live in ignominy as the feeble doth but these died here valiantly the brightnesse of their Actions done in their life time remaines firme in the minds of men unto all ages And to their posterities in writing never suffering their memories to rotte with the time whose burialls though meane on this place of Battaile yet they are commemorations of their vertuous lives to posteritie whose killing was no punishment say the world what they list but rather the beginning of their glory And therefore how ever a man dies he dies well that dies in Christ ending his dayes with honour At this dayes service I was rich in friends that helped to the obtaining of this victory with credit but soone after we found the fruits of mortalitie death having seased more on our kindred than on any other Family of our Nation that were employed in this warre and the unthankfulnesse of those we served hath beene such that those who suffered most were least rewarded as we may justly say having lost our Master and King who did see our actions and had rewarded them had he lived And though I will not vaunt neither of my friends nor of our travells none can blame me to say as the Puppie said wee Dogges kill'd the Hare since we were with the rest at Leipsigh the center of Germanie which was and is and shall be â—edes Belli till the cause be wonne and those we fought for be restored and then I would bee content to lay up my sworde and live a retired life serving God and the Publique at home as we did abroade The eighteenth Duty discharged of the intaking of Hall and of the Castle and of our March from Leipsigh to Hall HIS Majesty having left Felt-marshall Harnam with the Dukes forces to accord with Leipsigh and the Castle the eleventh of September we continued our march towards Hall and coming at the appointed Randezvouz we halted in the fields where we were to quarter over night his Majesty accompanied with a great and honourable traine of Cavaliers lighted from his horse on the head of our Briggad the Officers whereof coming together about his Majesty in a Ring his Majesty made a speech in commendation of the Briggad thanking them for their good service and exhorting them for the continuance thereof promising as he was a Royall King he would not forget to reward them and turning him towards the supreme Officers they in all humility did kisse his Majesties hand in confirmation of their loyalty in time to come the whole inferiour Officers and Souldiers cried aloud they hoped to doe his Majesty better service then ever they had done His Majesty taking horse againe with his Royall traine he directed Generall Bannier to goe and
three dayes march to relieve it and to the end they might shew good example to others they were commanded with their fellowes being all Musketiers to crosse the Bridge and to beate the enemy from the water side and then to force a passage for the rest of the Armie towards the Castle the orders were as hard as the passage was difficult yet Cavaliers of courage being daring men and once resolved nothing could seeme difficult unto them to gaine honour and credit to themselves and Country especially being made choice of by a King out of his Armie to give testimony publikely in view of the whole Armie of their valour and resolution exemplary forcing their enemies to give ground for them and theirs having had not one foote of ground on that side of the water till they should gaine it at their landing for I was none of the actors nor yet of the spectators till I had viewed it the next day being informed particularly by my Camerades of the manner of their on-falling The bridge lay over the Maine with six Arches in length being a very faire and spatious bridge over which sixtie men could well march in front lying open unto the Castle batteries and workes the middle Arch whereof being broke a plancke was set over where with difficultie strong-headed Souldiers might crosse one after another under mercy of Cannon and Musket and while as they could but file over the enemy could receive them with full bodies of pikes and muskets which was a great disadvantage and the distance betwixt the water and the plancke would terrifie any to venter over for feare of drowning though he were in no feare of an enemy so that many who went with resolution to passe over returned againe choosing rather to crosse alongst the water in small boates Notwithstanding the enemy would emptie Salves of muskets on them before their landing Neverthelesse Sir Iames Ramsey and Sir Iohn Hamilton in obedience to his Majesties commands with a few Souldiers adventured to crosse the River with small Boates their Souldiers giving fire before their landing and in their landing against their enemies and being happily once landed and beginning to skirmish their Souldiers they left behinde them who before durst not adventure to crosse alongst the plancke seeing their Officers and Camerades ingaged with the enemy to helpe them they ranne over the plancke one after another so fast as they could runne till at last they past all and made a strong head against the enemy till by the valourous Conduct of their Leaders and their following they forced the enemy to give ground retiring unto their workes Their Leaders desirous to gaine further honour and reputation pursued the enemy so hard till they had beaten them out of a Torne they had fled unto At which time Sir Iames Ramsey was shot lame in the left arme and then his Camerade Sir Iohn Hamilton succeeding him both in command and courage notwithstanding of the enemies strength and great fury used against them having disputed with long service for the ground at last it was made good by Sir Iohn and his followers till such time his Majestie had set over after them the most part of the Armie so that they were blocked up on all quarters and forced to remaine within their workes till that against night the service being ceased we with the rest of the Armie were come from Carlstat and quartered that night without the Towne on the other side of the Maine His Majestie before day gave Orders to the Swedes and some Dutch Regiments to storme the enemies workes who having kept slight watch were unawares surprized by some Swedes that had entered with ladders over the wall so that a panick feare having possessed them they retired in disorder from their Poste and the Swedes and Dutch followed so hard that they had not time to draw up their draw-bridge neither yet to let downe the Portcullis of their inward Ports being so amazed our people flocking in after them cut them downe as they were found giving no quarters at all so that they that entred first made the best booâ—â—e though least service Here fortune favoured his Majestie miraculously at this time beyond mens expectation as formerly having got here a great deale of riches as also many Cannon and great store of Amunition and of all sort of victualls abundance The fury past his Majestie set a Governour on the Castle and a Garrison which was strong and he gave Orders presently to beginne to repaire the workes seeing Generall Tilly with his Armie were drawing neere and his Majestie having got intelligence that they were quartered within two miles off Wurtzburg according to his accustomed manner his Majestie with a partie of Horse and Dragoniers fell upon their neerest quarters in the night and defeated foure Regiments of their Horse and retired the next night unto Wurtzburg attending when the enemy would seeke for his revenge The twentieth Observation HIs Majestie at this time as formerly used great expedition in marching unto Franconia knowing it was one of the Circles of the whole Empire that was of most importance for the enemy being a straite and a strong Country by reason of the strengths within it And therefore it was that he divided his Armie in crossing the Vault at divers places that his Artillery might passe the sooner through For he knew who ever was Master of Wurtzburg he commanded the whole River of the Maine and consequently whole Franconia which fortunately happened according to his Majesties deliberation Here also we see the evill that comes of greedinesse in making generall Commanders to be hated by those that follow them for Bawtizen having got a great summe of money of these Townes by the helpe and service of the foote it became him according to right and discretion to have shared with the Colonells who commanded the Briggads and Regiments but seeing his want of discretion in not acknowledging them they being once joyned againe to his Majesties Army would never consent to be commanded by him a foot-step afterwards for ought his Majestie could doe having dealt so niggardly with Cavaliers of their worth so that his Majestie was forced to direct him to command elsewhere This greedinesse is the most pestiferous roote that ever grew in a generall Commander for on this march Souldiers were usually commanded to lie in the Fields and not suffered to quarter in the Townes which they had taken for feare to hinder the payment of the moneys imposed on them so that publique employment is ill bestowed upon a greedy person and this greedinesse in a man of warre to gather riches may losâ— him all his fortunes and avarice hath beene the losse of many Armies and of many Kingdomes also for no vice is more pestiferous in the extraordinary use than this to bring a man to be disdained of others especially of those would follow him Here also we see that of old our Nation was much esteemed of abroad especially the Clergie
downe the water towards Ashaffenburg a City and a Castle on the Maine belonging to the Bishop of Mentz where they had orders to remaine till his Majesties coming with the Army This march continued for five dayes where we had nightly good quarters by the way being in feare of no enemy we kept the whole march the Maine on our right hand our horsemen upon the left having had the Felt-marshall with his Army lying at Bambridge betwixt us and the enemy so that this march though in winter was not so troublesome unto us as their travelling is to them who journey in forraine countries for to see strange faces where they must needs lay out monies for their entertainment some of us on this march were well entertained and did get mony besides to spend at Francford Likewise when it behoved travellers to hire guides and sometimes to hire convoies for their safeties we had Gustavus a King under God our Leader and a powerfull Army to convoy us and at night the sweete and sociable society of our countrimen and strangers the one to season the other which made our march pleasant alongst the pleasant and fruitfull River of the Maine that runnes through faire Franconia into the Rhine at Mentz Having come with the Army the length of Hanow leaving Ashaffenburg behinde us we marched to Steinhem which presently we tooke in by accord where the most part of the Souldiers did take service which being done his Majesty did send unto the Lords of Francford desiring them for the well of the professours of the Evangell to take in a Garrison with a protestation if they refused to doe it willingly it behoved him otherwise to deale with them which was not his desire They having taken the proposition for two dayes in advisement his Majesty the sixteenth of November did let quarter the Army before their Ports in Offenback Ober and Nider Rode the next day they consented his Majesties Army should march through leaving six hundred men in Garrison in Saxenhowsen the Lords giving their Oath to secure the Garrison of Saxenhowsen of all dangers and on the seventeenth of November his Majesty with the whole Army in comely order marched alongst the bridge from Saxenhowsen through the Towne of Francford towards Hechst where there lay two miles off the Towne a Garrison of the enemies In this march through Francford such order was kept without any disorder as if it were the solemne procession of a King and his nobles in parliament every one admiring of his Majesties good order and discipline kept over his Army The nineteenth of November Hechst was taken in by his Majesty with accord where the Souldiers for the most part tooke service The next day the Army lying still in Dorpes his Majesty returned to Francford and met with the Landgrave of Hessen the Landgrave of Darmstat and with the Earles of the Vetâ—o where it was agreed amongst them for the defence of the Land to joyne in one confederacy where the Castle of Russelshem was given unto his Majesty by the Landgrave of Darmstat whereon two hundred Scots of Colonell Lodowick Lesly his Regiment were set under command of Captaine Macdowgall The nâ—xt day being the two and twentith of November his Majesty returned to Hechst againe and having put forth the Papists placing his owne Preachers on Sunday his Majesty thanked God that he had gotten in Francfort without bloud or stroake of sword His Majesty caused to set over a ship-bridge at Hechst and sent ships before Mentz to blocke it by water till his Majesty with the Army crossed the Maine and marched by Darmstat in the Bergstrasse of intention to have gone for Heidelberg but retiring downe neere the Rhine having quartered the Army his Majesty with a party did visit the Skonce of Openham and thereafter resolved to take it in The twenty second Observation THIS march being profitable as it was pleasant to the eye we see that Souldiers have not alwayes so hard a life as the common opinion is for sometimes as they have abundance so they have variety of pleasure in marching softly without feare or danger through fertill soyles and pleasant countries their marches being more like to a Kingly progresse then to warres being in a fat land as this was abounding in all things except peace they had plenty of corne wine fruite gold silver Iewells and of all sort of riches could be thought of on this River of the Maine where the Townes and pleasant Flects lie by the water not distant in many places halfe an English mile from one another being one of the pleasantest parts and wholesomest for ayre that I did see in all Germany having a great Traffique by water from thence unto the west sea by the Rhine running northward unto Holland This Towne of Francford is so pleasant for ayre situation buildings traffique commerce withall Nations by water and by land that it is and may be thought the Garden of Germany and consequently of Europe seeing no continent in Europe is comparable unto Germany for fertility riches corne wine traffique by land pleasant Cities faire buildings rare orchards woods and planting civility as well in the country as in the cities their Dorpes and Flects walled about The Boores inhabitants having their wines in Sellers set in great rife or plentifull as water to entertaine their friends in a bountifull manner especially alongst this pleasant River of the Maine Here at Francford is the Mart called the Francforter Masse whether the Marchants resort from all partes of Europe for the mutuall interchange of money and wares Hether also are brought twice in the yeare from all parâ—s of Europe the travells and bookes written by the learned of all sciences and of all controversies of Religion to be transported againe from thence for the use of other Kingdomes The inhabitants of Francford we see here are content to take in his Majesties Garrison in Saxonhousen without compulsion or losing of bloud and this kinde of conquest is the best conquest when we conquer more by love then by force where they by their timely yeelding preserved their Towne their buildings their orchards their houses of pleasure undestroied when others through their pride stoode out till they were punished by the ruine of their Townes the losing of their moveables as their gold their silver their rich cupboords their Iewells their ornaments their orchards their gardens in regard of their pride in time of their plenty But this City of Francford was made wise by the ruine of other Cities whose intemperate troubles made them moderate Thus concord is the mother of all happinesse in the Common-weale for she debarres enemies augments wealth makes the Cities sure without a guard and oftimes we see that those who contemne Peace seeking glory they lose both peace and glory Therefore the Lords of Francford did well in preferring good conditions of peace before an uncertaine war especially against such a Heroick King as Gustavus was then the Patriot
having no foote forces with him his Majestie made choice of me to be sent unto him with a partie of five hundred commanded Musketiers for to assist him in maintaining the Garrisons in those parts from the incursion of the Spaniard and his Majestie hearing of the Queenes coming towards Francford leaving orders with Duke Barnard of Wymar then Governour of Mentz and commander over the Armie in his Majesties absence to direct me away with the partie to the Rhinegrave his Majestie being gone I was sent for by the Duke to receive my Orders which were I should receive five hundred commanded Musketiers with sufficient victualls and Amunition and then to ship them at Mentz and to goe downe the Rhine towards Bachrach and there to send to the Rhinegrave for further orders but before my departing I took orders in writ from the Duke how to carry my selfe in obeying of the Rhinegrave his commands and immediately I went and received the partie being in readinesse on the market-place with Proviant and Amunition for the voyage and being shipt we went downe the Rhine towards Bingen on the Noe that runs by Creutznach through the Paltz into the Rhine at Bingen where Sir Iames Ramseys Regiment did lie in Garrison out of which there went with me of that Regiment a Captaine with a hundred Musketiers being shipped we continued our course towards Bachrach where being landed I desired from the Governour being a Captaine under the Red Regiment Quarters for my Souldiers till I got orders whether to march but the Captaine being discourteous closed the Ports using us unfriendly whereupon I desired to be let in to speake with him which being granted for me alone I entered and having spoke with the Captaine was refused of Quarters and of Proviant for my Souldiers whereupon I retired forth the Ports being closed againe I made our Souldiers make good fires of the driest wood without the Towne whereof there was no scarcitie and being darke the Towne lying alongst the River we getting intelligence there was a water-gate where there stood a Centry I tooke a small Boat and two Officers with me and entering the sallying Port the Centry suspecting no enemy we tooke him off swearing if he cryed we would kill him and bringing him to our Guard left him to their keeping and immediately I went in at the sallying Port accompanied with my Officers and some Musketiers and having set a Guard at the Port we went to the Captaines quarter and tooke in his lodging where we made good cheare jeering the Captaine till he was contented to send forth abundance of victuals for the whole party to make good quarters for our whole Officers within the Towne where they did get both meat money and beside I made all the Dorpes that were without the Towne belonging to it to pay a contribution of money to me my Officers for keeping good order w ch we did to repay the Captaines unthankfulnesse The next day leaving the partie to make good cheare I went to the Rhinegrave to receive his Commands who directed me to march to a Dorpe within two miles of Coblentz and to quarter there till further Orders I retired to the partie and forcing the Captaine to send fiftie Musketiers with me wee followed our Orders and quartered within two miles of Coblentz The Rhinegrave having gotten intelligence where some of the Spaniards did lie in quarters with his Regiment falling into their quarters he did defeat two Regiments of them that were come over the Mosell before the Armie The next day he advertised me he was to advance with his Regiment towards Spier neere the Mosell to attend the enemies coming and if he were distressed he would advertise me whereby I might timely beset the Strengths The Spaniard having set over his Army at Spier being ten thousand strong getting intelligence of the Rhinegraves Quarter they marched on it where he lay in open Dorpes in a manner trusting and reposing too much unto himselfe and his strength mis-regarding his enemies being a Cavalier who was both couragious and resolute who had also resolute and valourous Officers and Souldiers under him a sudden alarum had no power to fright him or his being his watch was commanded by Rutmaster Hume of Carrelside who was a Cavalier of courage and of good experience finding by intelligence the enemy was approaching on his Guard he advertised his Colonell timely to draw out on horse-backe and to expect his enemy in the field who did take no notice of the first advertisement till the Rutmaster rode to him and advertised him to draw to the fields he commanded him againe to retire unto his watch he knew his owne time the Rutmaster scarce returned when he with his watch were charged by three Troopes which charge he received and charged them againe and then retired on the Colonels quarter being so hard followed that by the Colonell was on horse-back he was invironed by three Regimēts of the enemies whom he bravely charged home with foure troops of his and making them to retire he did caracolle about from the enemy having suffered losse on the charge The young Grave of Nassaw then a Rutmaster being hurt and taken and divers more inferiours being retired he commanded Rutmaster Hume with the other foure Troopes to make a stand before the enemy to hold them off till such time he were retired The Rutmaster seeing the enemies strong coming up in full squadrons one after another he drew up very wisely his foure troops in the entry of a wood making a large and broad front whereby the enemy might judge he was stronger than he was as also that they might thinke he had Musketiers behinde him in Ambuscade for a reserve or hinderhalt which made the enemy give them the longer time and the better opportunitie to his Colonell to retire with ease The Rutmaster finding the enemy to fall off a little he retired his troopes at an easie trot till he overtooke the Colonell who thought before their coming they had beene all cut off Immediatly the Rhinegrave sent to me to beset the Garrisons as I did and then he sent Poste unto his Majestie acquainting his Majestie how all had past and of the enemies strength which his Majestie having knowne he drew his Armie together at Mentz with a resolution to fight with the Spaniard before he were suffered to relieve Franckendale but the enemy hearing of his Majesties preparation they retired over the Mosell againe and they being retired I was recall'd with the partie unto Mentz where having left a Captaine and a hundred Musketiers with the Rhinegrave to be disposed on having got orders to that effect from his Majestie which afterwards were all cut off by the enemy the rest of the partie dismist I retired to my Commands The twenty five Observation THE duty of an Officer leading a party is almost alike to the duty of a Generall leading an Army in fight in march in quartering in command and
Donavert upon Ottengen Pleinfelt and went before the Castle of Mansfield on the hill being the strongest of any one in Dutchland and finding he could get nothing done young Papenham being Commandant there was advertised by his Majestie if that he would not give over the Castle his Fathers Earledome thereabouts should be ruind which he though unwilling behooved to suffer but the Cavalier regardlesse of his Majesties threats did keepe out the Castle so that his Majestie for that time was forced to leave it His Majestie leaving a strong Garrison in the Towne next to it he continued his march towards Donavert and quartered the Armie on the Hill above the Towne by this time his Majestie of Pole died as also then Duke Barnard of Wymar had put a thousand Finnes on the other side of the Rhine in Bissen and beset Spier at which time the Spaniard againe did set over the Mosell of intention to relieve Franckendale but was sent backe with shame over the Mosell by the Dukes Armie then left in the Paltz at which time the Chancellor Oxensterne being there in person and Palsgrave Christian Birkafield his Excellence the Rex-chancellor caused the Dutch Regiments marching towards the enemy to beate the Scots march thinking thereby to affright the enemy but it fell out contrary the Dutch that marched in the Van with the Scots march being charged by the enemy made a base retreate till they were holden up againe by the valour of the Scots that were there viz. Sir Iohn Ruthven and his Regiment having had all his Officers of valiant Scots as Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Lesly Major Lyell Captaine David King and divers others resolute Cavaliers that stood to it with the assistance of Colonell Lodowicke Lesly and his Regiment and Officers being all old beaten Souldiers formerly called Sir Iohn Hamiltons Regiment by their valour resisting the enemy and encouraging their Camerades who were flying the victory that before was doubtfull is restored againe to the Swedens so that Palsgrave Christian did sweare in audience of the whole Armie to his Excellence the Rex-chancellor that had it not beene for the valour of the Scots Briggad they had all beene lost and defeated by the Spaniard Here also was evidently seene as was formerly mentioned the valour of Rutmaster Hume in view of his Excellence in defeating the Spanish horsemen being farre inferiour in number unto them where the Dutch Cavalerie led by him repaired the over-sight of their Infanterie that had the Vanguard To returne to the beleaguering of Donavert wherein did lie Hertzâ—g Randolph Maximilian of Saxonlawenburgh with fifteene hundred Souldiers and five hundred Boores of foote wherein were also five hundred horsemen who finding his Majestie was come to visit him resolved to defend the Towne so long as he could and to that effect begunne with Cannon and Musket to play amongst us who seeing his Majestie had caused to plant some Cannon before the Port to play alongst the Bridge he sallied out bravely and did beate the Swedens that guarded the Cannon from their Cannon which they nayâ—ed and a Scots Captaine called Semple that commanded the Swedens was blamed for the Swedens fault that did leave him alone who unwisâ—ly fearing to be taken prisoner came off after his fellowes and we having bâ—aten backe the enemy the Captaine was put in arrest till he were heard before a Councell of warres Incontinent after that his Majestie planted Batteries on the hill for to play with Cannon on a long stone-houâ—e that lay on the other side of the River wherein were a number of foote and horse come from Bavaria to strengthen the Garrison but their entry was hiâ—dered by our timely comming on which our Cannon played so hard till the house was crevised so that they were forced to quit it with the losse of many men and they being gone our Cannon then played hard on the Towne-Ports and walles doing the enemy great hurt The night drawing on his Majestie commanded Colonell Hepburne with his Briggad to march to a Bridge a mile above Donavert and to crosse over for to beset the other side of the Towne whereon his Majestie thought the enemy would presse to escape before mid-night the Colonell arriving there did place our Musketiers in strong Plottons by hundreds in the most advantagious parts for offending the enemy our Pikes and Colours were drawne up in three strong bodies or squadrons and were commanded to stand by their Armes to be in readinesse in case of Alarum And having placed our Centries Perdues and others by breake of day the enemy fell forth eight hundred strong of Musketiers on our Quarter the service begunne by our Musketiers we came up with full squadrons of Pikes amongst them and entred on the execution till we made them throw downe their Armes and cry for Quarters some for safetie retired backe to the Towne and were followed in by us and cut off within the Towne while others made way for his Majesties Forces to enter from the other side so that the enemy were pittifully cut downe the most part of them in the fury The Towne also was spoyled and quite plundered but some of the Souldiers with the Iesuites and Monkes that had escaped alongst the Bridge being sent after were overtaken and the most part cut off the rest above three hundred were brought backe prisoners within the Garrison were found dead above five hundred and some were drowned in the streame and a thousand that had gotte their lives were forced to take service under the Regiments but being Papists of Bavaria as soone as they smelt the smell of their Fathers houses in lesse than ten dayes they were all gone The in-taking of this passe on such a sudden wrought a terrible feare amongst all the Papists in Bavaria in like manner his Majestie did send Palsgrave Augustus with some Forces to Hechstat a passe on the Danube which he immediatly tooke in and by this time was Generall Tilly with his Armie come on the Leacke towards Rhine on the River and having beset it strong he beset also all other parts betwixt that and Ausburg and the Duke himselfe caused to take their Armes from all the professors of the reformed Religion in Ausburg and having beset it with two thousand Souldiers he retired himselfe to Engolstat His Majestie after the in-taking of Donavert commanded Generall Bannier with a partie of foure thousand strong of horse foote and Artillery towards Newburg on the Danube but it was beset before their comming and they retiring againe to Donavert where our whole Armie being joyned we marched towards the River of the Leacke of intention to force a passe unto Bavaria being then thirtie two thousand strong of horse and foote The twenty-eight Observation GEnerall Tilly knowing his Majestie was so neere with a strong Armiâ—â—o be revenged on him for the Ruffle he had given to Gustavus Horne at Bambricke he never rested his Armie but continually kept them on foote attending still our comming
and we to verifie the desire we had to be revenged on him did neglect no time till at last we found him out where we intended to try Fortune againe which never smiles alwayes on one but is ever variable keeping no constant course being whiles here now there and commonly we see that those who have beene most fortunate in their time as this old Generall was they have an insatiable desire of victory and prosperous fortune till neere their end that they are overcome themselves Here we see his Majesties diligence alike in following of his enemy as he fled before him as in his pursute at Donavert being the passe we were holden up at which his Majestie with diligence did get in his power being so hard pursued that the enemy got no time to relieve it though the Cavalier that defended it shewed himselfe resolute in defending of it as in out-falling on our Guards which were Swedens who having neglected their dutie were blame-worthy as their Captaine that commanded them who ought to have preferred death before life ere he had quite his Poste seeing his standing could have moved others to helpe him though the Swedens left him But his Majestie having got the victory over the Towne by the valour of the Captaines Country-men their intercession then procured his pardon though not his admission to his former Command Likewise here we see that stone houses are vaine defenses against cannon where the walles once pierc't those within are in worse case then if they stood on plaine fields Therefore at such times it is better to adventure forth unto the fields out of reach then to be smothered within walles as were many within this house both of horse and foote Here also as in the continuance of the Story we see the valour of Hepburne and of his Briggad praise worthy being first and last instruments of the enemies overthrow in grosse or by parties being commanded men where often we were well seconded by Ramseys men seeing those were ever commanded on desperat exploits being still appointed the fore-troopes of the Army well led and conducted by Major Sidserffe who was a Cavalier both diligent and valorous being also trusted on good occasions for his judgment in command As his Majesty was diligent in the taking of this passe so he was carefull to repaire it by helping of the ruins and in besetting it againe with a strong Garrison establishing good order and discipline having left Colonell Worbrane an Osterriker Freher as Governour being a man expert in making of cannon and in devising of fire-workes As also he understood well how best to fortifie irregular workes as these were And therefore his Majesty most wisely did concredit according to his gifts the maintaining of this passe to his care and diligence which both he did shew in fortifying the Towne even so farre as Art could be helpefull to nature The twenty ninth Duty discharged of his Maiesties forcing the passage over the Leacke and of the intaking of Ausburg DONAVERT being taken and beset againe with a Swedens Garrison caused a great feare and astonishment to seaze upon all the Papists in Bavaria which made the Iesuits and Monkes flie unto Tilligen Mynckine Neuburg and Engolstat where above twenty thousand of the Clergy were unwilling to fight with the Duke against his Majesties forces and seeing Vindligan the Castle of Oberdorffe and divers other places taken in by his Majesty those of Neighburg desired his Majesties safe-guardes in respect the Swedens were making great booty over all where ever they came hanging the Papists by their purse noâ— sparing to torment their shinnes as they did in Pomeren and in the Markes of Bâ—andenburg to the Protestants in exacting their monies which they were made to repay againe Lege talionis Generall Tilly by this time had intrenched his Army about the Rhine by the side of the Leacke to hinder his Majesties passage unto Bavaria with a strong Army which lay on the other side of the River right against Tillies Army where his Majesty did set over a bridge made with boates and plankes having planted seventy two peeces of cannon great and small on the borders of the River which did play continually into the middest of Tillies Army who were drawne up in Battaile on the other side to hinder his Majesties passage but our messengers were so swift and diligent that through importunity they obtained a grant of the passage where many were made to lie dead by our cannon for those that were not hurt by the Bullets they were lamed by branches and trees cut by the cannon being they stood in a thickewood which shooting continued a whole day being on the fifth of Aprill 1632 a day ominous to Generall Tilly who was shot in the knee with a cannon bullet a cruell blow for an ould man of seventy two yeeres who being carried from thence to Engolstat died within three dayes being cruelly tormented with the smart of his wound Tilly being gone the Army discouraged for their great losse sustained The Duke remarking his Majesty would force the passage he thought best in time to retire taking his flight confusedly upon Engolstat and Nuburg after that Altringer then a Colonell was shot in the head and above a thousand did lie dead on the place they stood on His Majesty having crost over with the Army he incontinent commanded certaine Troopes to follow the fugitives getting orders to cut them off as they were found This victory happily attained unto by his Majesty incontinent the Towne of Rhine being the first frontier Garrison in Bavaria rendered up and his Majesty having beset Rhine with a Garrison he marched with the Army alongst the Leacke side on Ausburg where by the way a Commissary from Nuburg came to his Majesty making their excuse for receiving of Tillies forces and withall they declared that the enemy had quit their Towne againe and therefore they interposed with his Majesty for neutrality which being refused unto them a Garrison was sent to keepe them in awe to bring their landes in contribution and to repaire the bridge which was broken by the Dukes command His Majesty having continued his march towards Ausburg the eigth of Aprill we lay downe before it and immediatly we set over a bridge over the Leacke during which time the Commandant spared not his Amunition but continually Cannonaded amongst us but our batteries being once ready they received their interchange and his Majesty offered the Garrison free passage and to retire in safety with his folkes whether he pleased otherwise there should no quarter be granted unto them if they pressed to hould out longer whereupon the Governour resolved to accept of his Majesties offer and having made his Accord on the tenth of Aprill he marched out and was conveyed towards Engolstat Incontinent thereafter his Majesty did beset the Towne with a strong Garrison and the next day before his Majesty entred the Towne all Papists were ordained to assemble and meete at Lâ—ckhousen
where they were set off the Towne Councell that were knowne to be Papists and Protestants were placed So that the fourteenth of Aprill his Majesty entred the Towne going first unto the Church called St. Annes Church and there in presence of his Majesty of Bohemia Palsgrave Augustus and Duke William of Wymar Duke Hannes of Howlsten Markgrave Christopher Fontarlach and Bawden and other Potentats and Ambassadours did heare a Sermon and praised God for the victory obtained against their enemies The Text being taken out of the twelfth Psalme and fifth verse For the oppression of the needy and for the sighes of the poore I will now up saith the LORD and will set at liberty him whom the wicked had snared After Sermon his Majesty went to the market place where some Swedens Regiments were brought and where the Burgers were also injoyned to come to present their service unto his Majesty and a table being set openly and covered a present was sent to his Majesty from the new set Protestant Councell of Corne Fish and Wine and the next day being the fifteenth of Aprill his Majesty with the whole Army was ready to march unto Bavaria The twenty ninth Observation GENERALL Tillie being neere unto his end behooved to make a march unto Bambricke to shew the Swedens by his retreat the right passe unto Bavaria with his owne death Wherin we have a notable example of an old expert Generall who being seventy two yeeres of age was ready to die in defence of his Religion and Country and in defence of those whom he served being then Generall for the Catholique League which end of his should encourage all brave Cavaliers following the laudable profession of Armes to follow his example in life and death as valorous Souldiers where we see that though death be fatall unto all yet such a death as happened unto this old Generall is only proper unto the valiant who though often contemned death and eschewed death during the warfare yet at last he is overtaken by Gods Almighty hand and power though formerly in his life-time he had escaped by the same providence many dangers And sometimes we see in the very entrance of warres some suddenly taken away to teach us alwayes to trust more unto God then unto the arme of man which is but a vaine strength Likewise though this worthy Generall did fight often and obtained many notable victories till this time against Kings yet at last he is overcome by a King and a more skilfull Generall then he was and though before the battaile of Leipsigh he did give no higher title to his Majesty then to a Cavalier Neverthelesse his Majesty hearing of his death called him Honourable old Tilly whose Acts were so Heroicke in his life time that after his death they were his everlasting monuments making his memory eternall suffering his name never to roâ—with the time And my wish were I might prove as valiant in advancing Christs Kingdome though I should die in the quarrell as he was forward in hindering of it my death then should not be bitter unto my friends I leaving an immortall name behinde me Also here we see the great force of Artillery either in forcing of passes against our enemies or in maintaining of passes with a little advantage of ground for seventy two peeces of Ordinance with such continuance were of mighty force to make passage to an Army for this victory was obtained by the force of our Cannon alone which made the enemy runne away before we could come at them to fight and the discouragment given unto them by the losse of their Leaders caused their disorder and consequently safety to us in our passage Where we see that as victorie is from God so the helpe judgment and dexterity of good Commanders is furthersome to the victory as the lawfull meanes ordained by God Moreover we see here how easie it is for a victorious Armie that is once master of the Field to take in Frontier Garrisons while as they are possessed instantly with a Panicke feare especially being taken at the Stot or rebound before they have time to disgest their feare But had Generall Tilly drawne up his Army out of reach of his Majesties Cannon and resolved to suffer his Majesty to have set over his Army the passe being so narrow that â—carce three men could march in Front Tillies advantage had bin the greater to receive them as they came who might have cut them off by divisions which had bin more to his credit yet we see as the Prophet saies Excâ—pt the LORD watch the watch-man watcheth in vaine And we see God would have these people punished for their former cruelties and therefore he tooke away their judgment and confounded their Counsell making them erre till they ranne to their owne ruine As his Majesties Iudgment in command was great so his Example was good and commendable in giving God thankes in his Church for his victories and for the preservation of his life from danger wherein his Majesty chiefely shewed the example of his Piety and religious exercise for he knew well that Religion and Iustice were the fundaments of all good society and being much inclined unto both he would winne the people by his owne example since of all men it becomes Kings and Princes worst to be irreligious and ungodly for on earth we have nothing more worthy than Religion to be respected and honoured it being unto Heaven our guide on earth the fountaine of our Iustice whereby we governe our affaires well or ill expelling and putting away unjustice or unrighteousnesse for where there is most Religion or piety there also is most happinesse and without her no Crowne can be established and as his Majesty was religious himselfe so he maintained good lawes and good discipline grounded on religion and holinesse of life which made the happy events and fortunate end of his warlike expeditions to follow Blessed therefore shall they be who follow his Majesties example in this as in all other his warlike enterprizes for I dare affirme on my conscience never man served this Master truly whom his Majesty our Master did serve with his heart without a reward The thirtieth Duty discharged of our expedition toward Engolstat THE sixteenth of Aprill his Majesty did breake up with the Army from Ausburg taking his march towards Engolstat of intention to start the Duke of Bavier from thence having left so many of our Army behinde us as tooke in Launceberg Mindelhaim Fussen Showngow and divers other parts in Schwabland by accord where Generall Major Ruthven then Governour of Vlme had brought with his Forces that were also behinde us all the Papists Townes that were betwixt Vlme and Lindaw under his Majesty of Swedens contribution and most part of Schwabland also for which service his Majesty gifted unto him under his hand and seale the Graveshaft or Earldome of Kirkberg lying next adjacent to the City of Vlme which belonged to the Fuckers of Ausburg that
were made Earles by the Emperour from Marchants having turn'd Souldiers to serve his Emperiall Majestie which Graveshaft or Earledome could pay yearely beside Contribution to the warres ten thousand Rex-Dollers being a good augmentation of pay for an old servant who had served long and valourously without the least blot of discredit and retired bravely with meanes and credit to his Country carrying the markes of his valour in his body being above the waste full of tokens of valour credibly gotten in his Masters service for as he was couragious before his enemy he was also fortunate in his Conduct in obtaining victory beyond his fellowes and being often singled out man to man to make his courage the more undoubted he alwayes gave testimony in this kinde of his valour answerable to the externall shew and hansome frame of his body being in personage inferiour to no man for strength and comely stature His Majesty continuing his March towards Engolstat coming within sight of the Towne he drew his Armie in Battaile horse foote and Artillery where we stood the whole night at Armes The next day drawing neerer to the enemies Armie being incamped before us Ex opposito on the other side of the Danube ready to second the Towne on all occasions which his Majestie considering gave order to draw out our Leaguer and to set men to worke after we were quartered where for our welcome the enemy from the Towne did salute us furiously with Cannon so that at first the head was shot from the young Markgrave of Baden and his Majestie recognosceing the legge was shot from his Horse divers others were also here lamed by the Cannon The night drawing on his Majestie expecting a strong out-fall from the Towne their Armie being so neere our Briggad according to custome was commanded to march and to stand the whole night in Armes on a razed Champaigne under mercie of Cannon and musket being ordained in case of the enemies out-fall by fighting to hold them up till our Armie might be in readinesse to relieve us being in Aprill though the aire was cold the service being hot sundrie were taken away in full rancks with the Cannon being in no action our selves but standing ready to maintaine our ground in case the enemie should pursue us which to my minde was the longest night in the yeare though in Aprill for at one shot I lost twelve men of my owne Companie not knowing what became of them being all taken alike with the Cannon and he that was not this night in this stand afraid of a Cannon bullet might in my opinion the next night be made gunpowder of without paine and who would sweare he was not afrighted for a shot I would not trust him againe though he spake truth His Majestie in the beginning of the night commanded a thousand Swedens being Musketiers led by sufficient Officers in his Majesties owne presence to fall on the Skonce before the bridge which was beset with fifteene hundred foote and five hundred horse lying open on the side that lay next the Towne that if the enemie should storme and enter he might be clensed out againe with Cannon and musket from the Towne wall notwithstanding whereof the Swedens bravely advanced even to the graffe being ready to storme they were plagued with the musket and with fire-workes that leaving three hundred men killed about the Skonce they were forced to retire the enemy continuing a thunder-clap of Muskets for one halfe houre till they were fully retired His Majestie finding nothing could be effectuate in this manner retired with the Musketiers leaving us and our Briggad in the former stand to attend the enemies out-coming to make us acquainted with the thundering of Cannon where no man were he never so stout could be blamed to stoope seeing the Cannon in the night fireing in a right line before him he that would not shift his body to eschew the graseing of a Bullet was not to be pittied if killed through ostentation Here death that cruell fellow courted all alike yet none was so enamoured as â—â—llingly to embrace him though well I know many brave fellowes were resolved to meet him for to give him the foyle before he came neere This night a Souldier though not stout might passe prentise in our Calling in one night for resolution where having stayed till it was day we retired to the Leaguer with great losse of men that were killed and hurt where they that had escaped the Malheur were glad to discourse at large of their nights watch His Majestie finding this Towne strong by nature situation and art lying on the Danube really fortified with a bridge over the River fortified also before the entry and the Towne being well provided of all furniture having a strong Garrison and in neede an Armie to supply it which made his Majestie for that time rise from it having gotten intelligence that the Duke of Baviers Forces by sleight had taken in Rhinsberg where the most part of the Armie was sent thither to beset the passe who immediatly after their entry disarmed the Citizens being all Protestants having quartered above twentie Souldiers in every house where also the Duke himselfe did march with the rest of his Armie knowing his Majestie was not able to gaine credit before Engolstat he went away suffering his Majestie to stay behinde to try his fortune against the Towne who also did breake up and marching away the enemy with a strong partie of Horsemen and of Dragoniers charged our Reare-guard Generall Banier being commanded to make the retreate where the enemy having charged he behaved himselfe well by good Command charging the enemy with small Troopes forcing them to retire while as the body of the Armie was retiring the Generall commanding still fresh Troopes one after another to receive the enemies charge till at last all were safely retired and the enemy retired also not daring to shew himselfe without the passes on the field being well beaten at an out-fall by the Swedens the day before The Retreate honourably made his Majestie continued his march on Mosburg having lyne that night on the Hill at Gysenfelt having in the afternoone before drawne the whole Armie in one Front Horse Foote and Cannon for doing the funerall Rites of the Markgrave of Bawden whose corps being appointed to be sent away with a Convoy to be buried before their departure the whole Cannon was twice discharged and then the whole Musketiers of the Army from the right hand to the left did give two salves of Musket and after them the whole Armie of horse did give two salves of Pistoll This day also old Captaine David Ramsey was buried having died of a consuming Feaver The next day our march continuing towards Mosburg where we did lie five dayes his Majestie having sent Felt-marshall Horne with a strong partie of horse foote and Cannon towards Landshut where Hepburne with his Briggad was also employed The Towne not being strong the enemy after
were as suddenly scattered for both the Colonells being taken prisoners they were kept pittifully in bondage for the space of three yeares being neglected of their Superiours till they were forced to ransome themselves and Colonell Iohn Forbesse having afterwards taken service under the King of France being of short continuance was much regrated he being a young Cavalier free and liberall and of good hope To conclude then this observation it was necessitie that vehement fellow did bring his Majestie and his Armie so soone out of Bavaria being the enemy pressed strong against our friends he was diverted Where we see that necessitie in warres admits of no reason more than in other things for seldome it suffers to make choice of times And therefore it is holden as the best teacher that teacheth all most diligently even Kings as well as meane men and Armies as well as parties and parties as private men for it brings ever great celerity and quicknesse with it as it did on this our march for the safetie of Nurenberg The thirty-three Dutie discharged of our Expedition from Furt unto the vpper Palatinate THE Towne of Nurenberg having accommodated and submitted themselves in all things unto his Majesties will for the furtherance of the good cause they furnished victualls Armes and Amunition with Artillery for his Majesties Armie and then his Majestie did breake up with his Armie from Fâ—â—t and marched by Nurenberg towards the upper Paltz of intention to get betwixt the enemy and Nurenberg that where ever the enemy could march his Majestie might be provided to follow him or to prevent his Designes The first night our Armie lay in the fields at Lawffe and the next day our march continued beyond Harshbrooke where wee incamped over-night till his Majesties Troopes sent out to Sultzbach were returned wiâ—h true Conshaft or intelligence which being got we continued our march towards Fortmanshowen and taking it in by Accord the enemy retired to Amberg The Country being destroyed thereabout having camped two nights in the fields Colonell Hepburne and I were commanded with two thousand Musketiers to second the Horsemen in case of neede But his Majestie having got sudden intelligence of Walestâ—â—es marching towards him he retired betime to Harshbrooke againe and we with the Horsemen retired also having the Reare-guard with much rainie weâ—ther which spoyled both our Armes and Cloaths for a whole fortnight together being incamped at Harshbrooke where his Majestie hearing of the enemies approaching having had then but a weake and a discontented Armie according to his acoustomed manner he thought it was then fit time to make a reckoning with the Armie for their by-past lendings and to cast some thing in their teeth being much discontented To satisfie our hunger a little we did get of by-past lendings three paid us in hand and Bills of Exchange given us for one and twentie lendings more which should have beene payed at Ausburg of the Munchen moneys which we accepted of for payment but were never paid and being thus a little content we retired on Nurenberg making all the haste we could to inclose our selves in a close Leaguer about Nurenberg before the enemies comming During this time Walenstine being on his march to us ward he did take in Egra and Soultzbatch and approaching still with his Armie towards Nurenberg where his Majestie being come before him the sixteenth of Iune we resolved being but weake to expect his coming and in the meane time his Majestie directed for Forces from During and Schwabland and the Feltmarshall Horne was sent away towards the Palatinate and from thence to Elsasse and his Majestie engaged to defend Nurenberg we wrought hard till we were in suretie and by this time being the twenty-sixth of Iune Walenstine being joyned with the Duke of Baviere his Armie they marched towards Nurenberg where they met with Colonell Dowbattle his Dragoniers and with foure Troopes of spare Rutters horsemen which being defeated Colonell Dowbattle was taken prisoner who being a valourous Cavalier of much worth that had behaved himselfe well on many occasions as on this last The report whereof moved Walenstine out of his clemency to set him free within three dayes without ransome and after that they approaching to Nurenberg divers hot skirmishes past betwixt our horsemen and theirs where there was good service done of both parties for their credits in making their first acquaintance they interchanged a number of Bullets welcoming one another unto Nurenberg And on the twenty-eight of Iune they appointed their chiefe Magazine for their Armie to be at Fryenstat in the upper Paltz and on the thirtieth of Iune they came to Schawbach being then fiftie thousand strong of horse and foote we not exceeding sixteene thousand and on the fourth of Iuly they lay downe with their Armie betwixt the River Pegnets and the River Rednets being betwixt our Armie and Franconia from whence our Forces supply and victualls were to come and his Majestie for their welcome the fifth of Iuly did cut off three Troopes of Horse of theirs having got their three Cornets as Bonum omen unto us The thirty-three Observation HIS Majestie having concluded for to stand to the defence of Nurenberg against the strong and mightie Emperiall Armie led by Walenstine and the Duke of Baviere where we have first set before us the reasons of his Majesties Conjunction and Confederacy with Nurenberg against their common enemy First being both of one religion their consciences tied them not to see one anothers hurt or detriment Secondly they saw and considered that the good arising of the union redounded alike to both their wealls Thirdly the feare they had conceived of their owne weakenesse by reason of the enemies strength made them joyne the faster together Fourthly their hatred they bare to the enemies of the Gospell who fought nothing more then their overthrow and ruine made them looke the better unto themselves Fifthly his Majesty stood in neede of the Nurenbergers assistance of men meate and moneyes and they stood in neede of his Majesties concurrence to keepe the overplus of their meanes and the freedome of their consciences to themselves and their posterity by keeping the enemies fury off them All these considered they joyned hand in hand and with one courage they resolved to be enemies to those that were come to be their enemies finding it was lawfull for them before God and the whole world to defend themselves And therefore they prepared for it where at first the Towne of Nurenberg made up twenty foure strong Companies of foote that carried in their Colours the twenty foure letters of the Alphabet which they ordained for a supply for his Majesties Army that their City might be the better watched for they resolved their best remedy against feare was not to feare at all since they had Gustavus and his Fortunes under God for their Leader And therefore they were assured of deliverance from their enemies with the losse of a little mony and the
Lyon of the North the invincible Gustavus who in glory and dignity did farre surpasse all his enemies as is cleered by his former wisdome in Governing his victories and hereby his great care and diligence in preserving his friends from the fury of their enemies exercising his Army within a close Leaguer to handle their Armes well after his owne new discipline being taught to keepe their faces to their enemies in retiring as in advancing never turning backs on their enemies as of old It is also to be admired the great provision this City was provided with being no Sea-towne as of victualls and Amunition where it was reported that they had oates which was distributed to the Army that had bin kept above a hundred yeares and this City was ever from the beginning renowned for their wisdome and policy in counsell more then for their force in Armes from whence did come the Dutch Proverbe that he who had the wit of Nurenberg the money of Vlme the pride of Ausburg with the power of Venice might doe much in this world Here then at Nurenberg as at a safe bay his Majesty like unto a wise Master of a ship perceiving the storme coming on casts out his best Anckers riding out the storme till it blowes over and then finding the Gale to favour him he lanches forth to looke for his enemies For his Majesty knew well when it was time to give a blow as he did know the surest way to ward and hold off a blow and we see here his Majesties counsell was of much worth to the good of the City as his power in Armes so that his very enemies did not only praise his wisdome but oftimes did admire it and as the enemy did strive to starve us his Majesty knew well that such a strong Army as they were in the dogge-dayes lying in the Leaguer in time of so great infection betime would become neere as weake as we were As also his Majesty knowing the evill that is incident to all Armies through idlenesse he pressed to keepe us still in handling and exercising our Armes for he knew well mans nature was like Iron that did rust when it was not used and on the contrary he knew that well exercised Souldiers as he had would desire to fight when Novices as his enemies had would be afraid to stirre out of their Leaguers for oftimes it is not the multitude doth the turne but it is Art begets victory Having spoken in the discharge of this duty of the actions of some worthy personages I minde here to observe somewhat in commemoration of the persons worths that did leade them First then we see that the Spaniard divers times was forced with little credit to retire out of the Paltz and that in respect he never 〈◊〉 faces about in making use of ground Cannon Pike or Musket which proves his retreates to have bin dishonourable and the Leaders to have bin no Souldiers For we presuppose in foure dayes retreat the defender could once have made choise of ground where making use of his Cannon his enemies would be glad they had not advanced so 〈◊〉 but rather that they had suffered them to passe but an enemy once feared never fights well except extremity make him desperate and then it is not safe to deale with him Likewise we see here as they were not all Spaniards that â—â—ed so they were not all Swedens that followed so that we finde there are some good of all Nations but it is certaine that at such times the worth and valour of a Leader is best knowne not only in fighting examplary to others but specially in directing others We see here that the turbulent insurrection of the Boores in Schwabland is soone stilled when they want a head to leade them where we see the giddy-headed multitude doth ever wagge like the bush for though sometimes they grow pale for feare they are so impudent that they never blush at their faults though oftimes they are well corrected for their errors Here also we see the valour and policy of Duke Barnard much to be commended as a prudent Commander in all his enterprizes overcoming more by wit and policy then by dint of Armes For though resolution never failes yet by stratagems he overcomes more then by killing and being victorious he did shew his clemency that another time his enemies might yeeld the sooner unto him seeing he had used these well whom formerly he had subdued and this Cavalier being noble according to his birth he knew that the strength of victory consisteth in the using of it well which made hime ever give the better quarters for as he was noble to make him the more noble he was indued with reason so that he conjoined Nobility with Vertue which made his worth much esteemed of and though he was descended of noble Progenitors yet his minde raised him above his condition he being fit to command Armies and his birth did beget the greatest obedience next unto his Majesty over the whole Army being resolute noble and prudent withall In the former discourse had of the acts of that noble and worthy Cavalier though our enemy Papenhaim his name merits to be inregistred for his valorous courage extraordinary diligence in his expeditions and the fortunate successe that did accompany his valorous conduct at divers times even unto his death This noble Cavalier was so generous that nothing seemed difficult unto him fearing nothing not death it selfe once resolved and as he was valiant so he was most diligent in all his expeditions for while he lived those Armies next unto him were never suffered to sleepe sound which made his Majesty of Sweden esteeme more of him alone then of all the Generalls that served the Emperour wishing one day he might rancounter with him to try his valour whom he honoured so much though his enemy This valorous Captaine after the Battaile of Leipsigh was the first that adventured with a single Convoy to passe through his Majesâ—ies Armies unto the neather Saxon Creitz to put life in the cause being come againe betwixt his Majesty of Sweden and home desirous to gaine credit he delaied no time but on the contrary used all diligence till he got an Army of old Souldiers together out of the Garrisons and then began to take advantage of his enemies catching them unawares like a valiant Captaine and Chieftaine he suffered no grasse to grow where his Army did tread but traversed from one place to another adding and augmenting still to his owne credit but diminishing and substracting from the reputation of other Generalls till he obtained the name and fame of the most valiant and most vigilant Generall that served the Emperour being in effect more furious sometimes in his conduct then requisit for a Generall fearing nothing but the indignation of his Superiour whom he served valianty and truely This kinde of bouldnesse though haply it doth prosper for a time yet sometimes in others it may overwhelme all the
behave themselves valiantly for a time as I did heare his Majestie of Sweden give testimony of their valour alleaging if the Emperours Horsemen had behaved themselves like the foote his Majestie had not returned victorious for Sparre intending to have broken through his Majesties Horses the Crabats having runne away the rest of the Emperiall horsemen were overcome and then most part of their foote were cut downe Generall Major Sparre was taken prisoner with Gordoâ— and Lesly and were brought all three unto Nurenberg with three Cornets In obtaining this victory Colonell Ree was kill'd his Majestie after his death being forced to light from his Horse and command the Musketiers having skirmished well for an houre on both sides the praise whereof his Majestie did give to the Scots Cavalâ—ers that commanded the Emperialists to whom he promised before they were taken within-three dayes to let them loose againe Ransome-free Neverthelesse they were kept for five weekes with us their Country-men where we made merry as friends Here also in this Conflict was killed his Majesties Camerjounker called Boyen and an other Chamberman called Cratzistene that attended his Majestie About the ninth of August the Emperialists catched a great number of our Horses at forrage and waited on us so well that there was no more hopes to bring forrage unto the Leaguer so that many of our Horsemâ—â— for want of Horses were put to their feete till our succours were come unto us The thirty-fift Observation HEre we have two mightie Armies waiting to take advantages one of another being resolved for to gaine credit to endure all toyle and misery and they contemned all hazard and danger to winne glory to themselves being armed with courage and military vertue contemning spoyle and riches leaning to their vertue they delight in the warre being taught by discipline heartily to embrace povertie for their Mistresse and here the Souldier wearied is content to make the ground his bed to lie on as also making the first morsell that chances to his hand to satisfie his appetite and in stead of sleeping out the whole night he is contented with a nod nothing seeming impossible or impregnable unto his couragious and resolute minde glorying more in his contented povertie than others doe in their greatest riches for he thinkes he hath not to doe with gold being able to command his owne desires as the bravest Leaders and most valiant Captaines of Armies have ever made greater esteeme of honour and renowne than deceivable riches or of the spoyle of their enemies reserving glory and honour unto themselves they allowed the spoyle for the common Souldier hunting after an immortall name to leave behinde them after death rather than with the spoyle of others to be thought rich robbing themselves of a good name and their soule and conscience of eternall rest We see then that it is much better to contest with honest men for vertue and a good name than with the avaritious or niggard that hath come to an estate with the spoyle of his enemies or perhaps with the spoyle of his friends or worst of all by detaining their meanes from them who did serve valiantly for it with the losse of their bloud Such Conquests unlawfully made by some Officers are rather to be pittied than envied and I am of the minde he hath provided well for his wife children and friends that leaves an immortall name behinde him for himselfe and his after death rather than to leave them rich in the Devills name by unlawfull Conquest His Majestie of Sweden having had here but a weake Armie though expert in military vertue he resolved to weary the enemy having a strong and mightie Armie to be entertained with all sort of provision which must needs be brought from a farre out of Bavaria upon the Axell or Waggons being a labour of infinit paine and toyle to transport entertainment for fiftie thousand men daily and Corne for Horses such a farre way and having appointed their Magazin-house in the upper Paltz to weary them the sooner his Majestie very wisely as we see plotted the ruine of it to be effectuated by Colonell Dowbattle being knowne for a Cavalier of much worth that formerly had done his Majestie divers notable good services as at this time which made his Majestie to be the more carefull of his safe retreate in comming himselfe with a partie betwixt the enemy and him to be his second being no small honour where in the first Rancounter Colonell Ree was killed and then a little Captaine of the Leeffe Regiment throwing off his Doublet did valourously command supplying the place of the Colonell till such time as his Majestie tooke notice of his noble carriage and then lighted from his Horse taking the Command to himselfe Neverthelesse at his Majesties returne to Quarters he did give his own Pourtraict with a gold chaine to the Captaine and advanced him to a Lievetenant Colonells place for reward of his vertuous carriage in â—ight of his Master Colonell Ree being kill'd I being then the eldest Lievetenant Colonell under his Majesties Armie of foote having served three yeares before as Lievetenant Coâ—onell I sought of his Majestie as my due according to the custome then used that I might be made Colonell to Rees Regiment which his Majestie confessed openly to have been my due Neverthelesse on other considerations shewed by his Majestie unto me I was contented to give way to his Majesties will whereupon his Majestie urged me to be Colonell to the Regiment I had commanded so long in absence of my Lord of Rhees seeing his Lordship had advertised his Majestie he was not to returne to his Charge As also he had sent his Warrant under his hand unto me to deale with his Majestie to get the Regiment being weake to be made up for my selfe but I being desirous to have commanded strangers the other Regiment being strong and ours very weake my intention was to have joyned them both in one seeing at that time his Majestie would not admit me to recrue the Regiment from Scotland but having given me Patent as Colonell his Majestie assigned a Muster-place for me in Schwabland from whence I was to receive moneys to strengthen my Regiment being then but seven Companies to twelve and before the next Summer I made them up to ten Companies His Majestie having the eighteenth of August 1632 placed me Colonell over the Regiment at which time Major Iohn Sinclaire was placed my Lievetenant Colonell and Captaine William Stewart was made Major The thirty-sixt Dutie discharged of the joyning of our Armie with the Succours and of our service at Nurenberg THE sixteenth of August the succours being come from Saxon Hessen and During brought up by the Rex-chancellor Oxensterne and Duke William of Wymar being come together at Ventzhame the eighteenth at Aiorach and Prugg and the twenty-one at Furt by foure of the Clocke in the morning they presented themselves in Battaile before Furt where did lie above a thousand Emperialists
which were presently chased away taking their Retreate unto Walestines Leaguer which done Duke Barnard of Wyâ—ar and Generall Banier continued the Armies march being thirtie thousand strong through the fields towards a Dorpe called Grossâ—roote and draws up in Battaile in plaine Champaigne halfe a mile from the enemies Leaguer his Majestie then marching out of his Leaguer with the Armie from Swyno towards Clyneroote incontinent presented himselfe in Battaile before the enemies Leaguer but the Emperialists unwilling to be seene in the fields they kept themselves close within their Leaguer playing on us with their Cannon having done no more hurt than the killing of one Constable and a few Souldiers and we attending their resolution and out-coming enterprized nothing all day but stood ready in Battaile till night that the foote Briggads had orders to advance within Cannon reach of their Leaguer where our Batteries were ordained to be made all in Front as our Armie stood alongst the face of the enemies Leaguer where we had cast up a running trench before the front of our Armie from the right hand to the left going from one Battery to another on which Batteries were planted seventy-two pieces of Cannon great and small well guarded with strong guards of Musketiers and Pikemen the Briggads lying ready at hand to relieve them in time of need and our horse-Briggads being appointed without them to stand in readinesse for to second the foote The day peeping the Emperiall Generalls were saluted with a salve of Cannon which untimely stirred some from their rest making them retire unto their Strengths not having the courage to shew their faces in the fields This service of Cannon having continued the whole day in the night the Emperialists retired their Forces towards their workes on the old hill being mighty strong on that quarter so that there was no possibility to harme them any more with Cannon His Majestie thinking if it were possible to get in the hill he was then able to beate the enemy out of his Leaguer and therefore in the night gave Orders to draw off the Cannon from the Batteries and having the Armie in readinesse we marched in the night through Furt towards the other side of the enemies Leaguer of intention to take in the hill and then to beate them out of their Leaguer and his Majestie having got intelligence the enemy had marched away and left but a Reare-guard on the Hill to make his Retreate good we marched neere the Hill and drew up in Battaile alongst the side of it horse foote and Cannon by seven of the Clocke in the morning where incontinent on slight information his Majestie resolved in earnest to pursue the Hill Duke William of Wymar then Lievetenant Generall next unto his Majestie had the command of the Armie Generall Banier had the Command of the foote and Duke Barnard of Wymar Commanded the Horse Colonell Leonard Richardson had the Command of the Artillery divers other Cavaliers of note were ordained to attend his Majestie for giving assistance in Command to be directed by his Majestie as occasion offered such as Grave Neeles a Sweden then Generall Major of foote Generall Major Boetius a Dutch Sir Iohn Hepburne then having left command of the Briggad being out of employment he attended his Majestie Generall Major Rusteine being then Stallemaster to his Majestie attended also Generall Major Striffe commanded the Horse next to Duke Barnard The Armie thus in Battaile and the whole Officers of the field attending his Majestie and their severall Charges the service being but begunne Generall Banier was shot in the Arme and so retired Generall Major Rusteine being also shot did retire incontinent his Majestie commanded strong parties of commanded Musketiers out of all Briggads led by a Colonell a Lievetenant Colonell and a competent number of other inferiour Officers to leade on the partie towards the Hill to force a passage or entry unto the enemies workes which being hardly resisted the service went on cruell hot on both sides so that the parties were no sooner entered on service but it behooved the reliefes to be incontinent ready to second them death being so frequent amongst Officers and Souldiers that those who were hurt rejoyced having escaped with their lives seeing in effect the service desperate on our side losing still our men without gaining any advantage over our enemies being alwayes within their close workes while as we both Officers and Souldiers stood bare and naked before them as markes to shoot at without any shelter whatsoever but the shadow of some great trees being in a wood so that we lost still our best Officers and Souldiers while as the basest sort durst not lift head in the storme The service continued in this manner the whole day so that the Hill was nothing els but fire and smoke like to the thundering Echo of a Thunder-clap with the noise of Cannon and Musket so that the noise was enough to terrifie Novices we losing still our best Souldiers grew so weake in the end that the Briggads of foote had scarce bodies of Pikemen to Guard their Colours the Musketiers being almost vanished and spent by the continuance of hot service where the service was not alone amongst the foote in pursuing of the hill but also about the hill without the wood on the wings the horse men furiously charged one another being also well seconded by Dragoniers and Musketiers that did come on fresh with the reliefes By one a clocke in the afternoone Duke William of Wymar commanded me being the first service I was on as Colonell for my credit to goe towards the Poste on the hill where the Grave â—on Torne was shot and to command those five hundred Musketiers I taking leave of my Camerades went to the Poste and finding the place warme at my coming divers Officers and Souldiers lying bloudy on the ground I went first and ordered the Souldiers on the Poste to my judgment as most to our advantage for our safeties and the harming of our enemies and perceiving the enemy sometimes to fall out with small Plottons of Musketiers to give fire on us and to spie our actions returning againe as their powder was spent to trap them the next time I advanced a Sergeant with twenty foure Musketiers to lie in Ambush to attend on their next out-coming which they perceiving came out no more but one single man to spie I retiring againe to my maine reserve to direct others sometimes standing sometimes walking and being taken notice of as a chiefe Officer the enemy commanded out a single man with a long peece who from a tree aiming at me shot me right above the Hanch-bone on the left side which lighted fortunatly for me on the Iron clicket of my hanger which cut close the Iron away taking the force from the Bullet which being battered flat with the Iron entred not above two inches in my side where I found a little Armes of proofe being well put on most commodious
themselves which made his Majesty contrary to his custome ingage his Army and once being ingaged upon slight intelligence the reliefes went on so fast the service being so hot for a time that it was long before the losse was perceived where it is to be pittied that the errour and fault of another should be made to posterity as his Majesties over-sight by those that know no better for though a King leading an Army had Argos eyes yet it is impossible he should looke unto all things himselfe The fault of one here we see with the losse of many was irrecoverable and he that before this day was the terrour of the Empire by his former successe being deceived with false intelligence is thought to have overseene himselfe the errour of another being imputed unto his Majesty in losing so many brave fellowes which shou'd teach others to be the more circumspect in recognoscing before they should ingage men in bringing them upon the shamble bankes Here also we see that his Majesty was was ever enâ—my to idlenesse for he had no sooner brought off his Army from pursuing his enemies but incontinent he sets them againe to worke for their owne safeties and that within reach of his enemies Cannon to the end it might not be said but he attended their out-comming lest his Army might be discouraged at a present Retreate after such a great losse for if the service had continued the whole Armie had beene indangered yet a valourous Captaine as our Leader was as he feares nothing entering on service so he ought to set light by nothing he sees tending to his prejudice but ought timely to retire with as little losse as he may for it were a grosse errour to despise our enemies through too much confidence in our selves for some times by despising our enemies as here we make them the more valiant and if they be ambitious the more respect we give them the lesse we neede to feare them And it is necessarie when an Armie doth get a clappe as we did here then incontinent and with all diligence we should presse to trie our enemie againe wheresoever we can have any advantage lest our enemy might judge us altogether to have yeelded and given over which were very dangerous The bouldnesse of one bould fellow at first being a Leader may ingage a whole Armie for want of judgement as was done here going before this hill of Nurenberg where as many were brought in danger as did tread in the first Leaders paths through lacke of judgement having beene all of them more heady than wise yet to dare being annexed unto vertue is the beginning of victory neverthelesse a hasty man in an Armie without judgement and discretion is to be disallowed of aswell as a coward On my Poste under the Hill after I was shot a sudden feare came amongst the Souldiers some thirtie horse having suddenly come through the wood as if they had beene chased the most part both Officers and Souldiers ranne away leaving mee with a few number on the Poste so that if the enemie had fallen out I could not have escaped from being kill'd or taken but as soone as they perceived that I with the Souldiers remained by me had unhorsed and taken some of the horsemen who were found to bee friends they being ashamed of their miscarriage retired having accidentally rencountred with Hepburs Captaine Lievetenant who brought them up againe whom I threatned to shew his Majestie of their behaviours neverthelesse being loath to incurre the hatred of a brave Nation for the misbehaviour of some unworthy fellowes their blemishes I pressed to cover notwithstanding afterwards some of the Officers amongst themselves came to a publique hearing having blamed one another till the question and disgrace was taken away by shewing their particular courage in fighting one against another whereof I kept my self free suffering them to deale amongst them being Country-men This kinde of Panicke feare without cause doth betray many brave men and divers good enterprizes And therfore all good Commanders ought most carefully to looke unto it to avoyde the inconveniences incident unto the like while as they leade either partie or Armie Wee once marching through a woode towards Franckfurt on the Oder the white Regiment marching in the Van having a naturall foole that marched alwayes before them going within a bush throwing off his clothes returning naked and crying he had seene the enemie the whole Souldiers of that Briggad throwing downe their Armes they ranne backe on the next Briggad being Swedens and they running also away till they were holden up with pikes by our Briggad being the third who having stood and asked the reason of their running away in end being found a false and a foolish Alarum the poore foole was pittifully cut and carved by the Officers for the Souldiers phantasticke feare being a poore revenge for their cowardize so that we see by the example of the third Briggad that the best remedie against such Panicke feares is not to feare at all and none should leade Armies but those that are both wise and stout The thirty-seventh Duty discharged of our up-breaking from Nurenberg towards Newstat AFTER this last dayes service his Majestie having intrenched his Armie before the Emperiall Leaguer and finding them unwilling to hazard the Combate as also the scarcitie of victuals growing so great on both sides his Majestie resolved to beset Nurenberg with foure Regiments Fowles his Regiment being one Generall Major Kâ—iphowsen had the Command over the Swedens and Generall Major Salammers-dorfâ—e had Command over the Burgers and the Rex-chancellor Oxesterne was appointed by his Majestie to have the direction of all His Majestie leaving Nurenberg in this manner in the night he sent away his great Cannon with a Convoy towards Newstat and before day the whole Drummes had orders to beate first afore troope gathering and then a march so that we were in readinesse standing in Battaile before the enemies Leaguer by day where we stood till mid-day and then the whole Armie was commanded to make a quarter Toure to the right hand making our front before to be our left Flancke whereon our Coulours and small Ordinance did march and our right wing being our Van we marched off in view of the enemie Duke Bernard of Wymare with a thousand horse and five hundred musketiers commanded by my Lievenant Colonell Iohn Sinclaire who was appointed to march in the Reare for making our Retreate good which in a manner was needlesse seeing our enemie lacked courage to follow us but suffered us to depart in peace At night we drew up in Battaile a mile from the enemies Leaguer where we incamped setting forth strong watches of horse and musketiers on the passes betwixt us and the enemie and our Reare-Guarde betwixt us and them and our owne Guardes without our Briggads so having quietly past over the night the next morning we marched to Newstad being the fifteenth of September where we resolved to stay a few
as Gustavus was might in a few yeares time observe many things belonging to the knowledge of a Commander though I grant never attaine unto the perfection of his Calling for the accidents of warres being infinite the knowledge of them can never be limited But we must alwayes be learning of new things till we become more prudent though not perfectly wise in our calling being infinite and though many thinke a man may be wise and not couragious seeing the wise fore-sees all dangers truely I will thinke he that is circumspect and wise in this kinde may be called a stout Commander for to a wise man we say nothing comes wrong and he that cannot be surprized in this kinde must needs be both wise and stout To conclude then this Observation out of the separation of the Marquesse and his Country-men at our leave-takings and at the parting of Colonell Lodowicke Lesly and his Regiment from Spence his Regiment going with Duke Barnard unto Saxonie from us which separation was like to the separation death makes betwixt friends and the soule of man being sorry that those who had lived so long together in amitie and friendship as also in mutuall dangers in weale in woe fearing we should not meet againe the splendour of our former mirth was obnubilated with a cloud of griefe sorrow which vanished and dissolved in mutuall teares of love severing from others as our Saviour did from his Disciples in love and amitie wishing one another the mutuall enterchange of our affections as Souldiers and not as Complementing Courtiers in the way of love and courtesie we wished againe and againe being loath to depart from others the accomplishment of all happinesse here and of eternall glory else-where The thirty-eight Dutie discharged of our March from Newstade towards Winchene HAving come unto the fields the Armie being drawne up and divided Duke Barnard of Wymar was directed to march on Kitchen on the Maine and the rest of the Armie on Vinzeine and his Majestie with a strong partie marched backe unto Nurenberg to see the enemies Leaguer and the unhappie Castle on the old hill where so many brave fellowes were lost From thence his Majestie returned on Outzbach at which time on the march some new levied men that were come from Switzerland joyned with the Armie at Winchene where we rested two dayes I being cruelly tormented with a burning Ague contracted with neglecting of my wound received at Nurenberg Walestine his Feltmarshall Holke at this time with his little Armie did dominier in Saxonie using barbarous crueltie in burning scalding and plundering of Townes Flecks and Dorpes murthering and cutting downe the Inhabitants that it was pittie to heare of such barbariâ—ic in a civill land to be used by one of their owne profession making no conscience of Religion he shewed lesse compassion then the Papists did for their villany whom he led was so great that after abusing the women in satisfying their filthy lusts they did burne them and their families their hearts thus hardned that it was evident that the judgements of the Lord were not farre from them and those he commanded having suffered such tyranny to have been used to Christians before a moneth was past he died raging of the plague and those who followed him were also rewarded of God for their crueltie The eighteenth of August Holke tooke in Zinckâ— by accord promising unto the Burgers the freedome of their Religion and liberties providing they would take in a Garrison of two hundred Emperialists then Gallas and Halke being joyned soone after Walestine himselfe after the in-taking of Coburg continued his march towards Leipsigh after spoyling the land of Coburg and Culnebush he marched through the Voigland towards Oâ—lsenburg and from thence to Leipsigh which he got in on Accord the twenty-second of October and on the twenty-third he got in the Castle of Pleisenburg putting out the Dukes Garrison and putting in his owne And after he tooke in Weysenfelse Morsburg Nawmburg and divers Townes more in Saxonie spoyling and ruining all that side of the Elve Hall also he tooke in but the Castle of Morsburg being well beset by the Swedens by that time could not be brought to heare of any Accord Papenhaim now retired from Mastricht having in vaine attempted then the reliefe of it at his backe-coming he relieved the City of Patterburne from the beleaguering and skirmished with the Lievetenant Generall Bawtish he also dissolved the blockquering of Volfenbittle an did get some Cornets and Colours from the Brunswicker forces and from thence he did come before Heldishem alleaging he had beaten the Duke of Lunenbeug and Bawtishen by which stratagem he did get Heldishem in his power and beset it with a Garrison as the principall Strength on the Wezer streame appointing the Grave Fon Gronsfield to command there and then he marched towards Eichfield and tooke in Milhousen getting a great composition of money from them he marched on Saltz and plundered it out wherein he did get much hidden riches and his Souldiers making rich boo'y they did cast in the water that which they could not carry he proceeded also in the same manner with Theanestade from whence he carried with him the Burger-masters in pledge of their Cities Ransome and finding by the way they were not able to pay what they had promised he caused to take all three and hang them up till they were halfe dead and then caused suddenly to cut them downe Cretzburg also he used little better from Erfort he desired twenty thousand Dollers and threatned if the monies were not tould downe he would not faile to doe them all the mischiefe he could whereupon with much adoe they did get him two thousand Dollers and hearing his Majesty of Sweden was drawing neere he staied not on the rest but marched to Morsburg at Hall The thirty-eighth Observation MEmory and forgetfulnesse are both necessary in friendship Shall I then forget here to speake of our separation being so long companions of one danger together No this love of Camerades â—o each others is most worthy remembrance seeing we were divers times willing to give our lives for one anothers safeties shall we then be oblivious of this mutuall love and dangers No though distance of place separate â—â—r bodies we shall still be conjoyned in minde and power against our common enemy that desireth the hurt of us all alike Let us then though severed maintaine one anothers credit in absence ever honouring the worth and vertues of our deare Camerades for the kindnesse past let us learne to be ever thankfull to their friends alive and after their death let our love increase to their successours for if there be any Nectar in this life it is in sorrowes we endure for the goodnesse and love of our absent friends especially of those that were our dearest Camerades for if we sorrow for them amending our lives knowing we must passe shortly through the same passage they did passe before us truely
and be at his pleasure and were all made prisoners By midday his Majesty hearing there were not farre from Nurenberg some Emperialists seene so soone as his Majesty had gotten sure intelligence of them he brake up with seventeene Troopes of horse and some foote and marched on Enschbrooke whence the Emperialists had gone but a little before his Majesty lying there that night getting intelligence againe of some Crabbats that did ly on the Castle Richell shewing there were some six hundred Emperialists coming to releeve Lawffe hearing of his Majesties being there they retired towards Bavaria yet his Majesty following them in the night falls on them and cuts off three hundred where fifty were prisoners and two Cornets taken from them with a great deale of booty his Majesty then turning backe continued his march towards Saxony having left all behinde him in Franconia and Schwabland in good order his Majesty in all haste to releeve the Duke of Saxon and his country went from Nurenberg to Swinefort and from thence over During Vault where he joyned his forces with Duke Barnard of Wymar and then continued the march towards Arnestat where they lay still two dayes to refresh the Army wearied with hard marching and from Arnestat he marched to the generall Randez-vouz being then appointed at Erfort the Army being then eighteene thousand strong under whom there was no other Scots Regiment but Colonell Lodowicke Lesly his Regiment His Majesty having made a speech to the Counsell of Erfort he left the Queenes Majesty there and blessed her and then marched from thence on Boodestawde from whence Papenhaim with the Leguisticall Army had but passed a few dayes before and his Majesty having quartered the Army in the Ampt Freeburg he commanded Duke Barnard of Wymar with fifteene hundred horse to fall on the enemies reare or hinder Troopes But Papenhaim having in haste past over the Sale towards Morsburg the Duke could have no advantage of him but retired againe to his Maiesties Army His Maiesty understanding the Emperialists had sent thirty musketiers towards Nawmburg to get in the rest of the money they had promised unto Tilly the yeere before his Majesty incontinent commanded some forces with Colonell Brandesten to see if they could get in Nawmburg who having come before it the twenty ninth of October before day desired to make up the Portes in his Majesties name of Sweden those who had the watch at the Port answered it behooved them first to shew their Commanders of it otherwise they could not answer for it which they understanding unwilling to stay so long taking a short resolution with axes and hammers they cut downe the Port and entred perforce finding at another Port a wicket open they enter also and incontinent they bring the Towne in subjection the Emperialists then in the Towne were in danger if the inhabitants had not interceeded for them to spare them who did get quarters soone after six hundred Emperialists horsmen came before the Towne led by Colonell Breda who desired to make quarters in the Towne but beyond their expectation having perceived the Swedens horse-watch before the Ports altering their resolution incontinent they retired backe towards Visenfelts The thirtieth of October betimes in the morning his Majestie sets over the Sale with the Horsemen at the Dorpe Altenburg directing the Infantrie to passe at the Bridge where before mid-day the whole Armie were come to Nawmburg and marching by on this side of it they lay that day and two dayes after that in the fields before Iacobs Port on the streete that goeth to Leipsigh After this his Majestie being advertised that Walestine with his Armie was marching on Visenfelts shewing himselfe as if he meant to stand and fight incontinent his Majestie intrenched his Armie about Nawmburg with Skonces and Redoubts and set two Bridges over the Sale where on all occasions he could transport the Infantrie over such a water and being readie then he threw off all Bridges from thence over the Vustrout till Freeberg whâ—reby they should not be helpfull unto the enemy Whereupon the Duke of Freedland Walestine changing resolution the Towne and Castle of Visenfelts being in his power to use them for his advantage he plundering both Towne and Castle the fourth of November marched with his Armie towards Leitzen two miles from Leipsigh and incamped there The thirty-ninth Observation IN the discharge of the former dutie we see his Majestie was troubled with a double care the one for his Queene the other for his Armie being diligent in bringing both forwards as also carefull to put them both in assurance for having left the Queene at Donavert he marched on Rhine to subdue his enemies Where we see that it behooved him first to put his Impedimenta in assurance teaching thereby Cavaliers that followed him in time of service to quit their wives whereby their care might be the better employed in discharging the points of their Calling which shews us that such impediments at such times were better away than present for our nature is ever to grieve much for the losse of things we love Therefore our care that are Souldiers having wives should be to settle them where they should not be Impedimenta unto us in discharging of our duties before our Enemy to the end we might the better be freed of this double care his Majestie was subject unto at this time which no question troubled his Majesties resolutions more than any thing else The tragicall end of this Dutch Colonell Metzlaffe should teach all Cavaliers to whom Strengths are concredited not to give over without great necessitie especially being made fore-seene of a Reliefe to come And the greatest blame that was imputed unto him was his too much neglect of the duties of his Calling being too carefull to entertaine Cameradeship night and day the fruit whereof in the end was ignominie with the losse of life and credit Which should teach all men to avoide such a beastly life dishonouring the noble profession of Armes We see then no law or justice is more strict or more summary than the Discipline military where the Articles we are sworne unto are our lawes which being transgressed we are subject to the punishment and if our lawes were not strict and our punishment sharpe it were impossible to keepe us in obedience But I am sorry that for the most part we abstaine more for feare of punishment than for obedience to God and the law This censure though hard from me the truth is still the same though man were silent On this march towards Saxonie all things succeeded to his Majesties desire as presages of his ensuing victorie seeing Fortune smiled on him during his life time being Fortunes fellow he was still incouraged to the Combat though weakest for magnanimitie and the vertue of true humilitie were both cohabitant in him For as he had courage with a weake Armie to rancounter a stronger Even so he humbled himselfe before God acknowledging before the
people he was but dust and ashes like unto other men And therfore he wished the people they should not trust or repose any thing in him but to put their trust and confidence in God saying he was but a servant and though the Lord would be pleased to take him away from amongst them yet he doubted not but the Lord would raise up others more powerfull than he to defend the good Cause he had begunne till at last it were brought to a good end These speeches and much more to this purpose his Majestie out of humilitie uttered on this march and as his Majestie was humble so his courtesie to all men that loved him was the gemme of his Crowne especially honouring and respecting ever His Queene as the glory of her sex his Royall Majestie being truely indued with such true splendour of noble worth that he ever seemed like unto the Sunne that shineth alike on the Paisant in the field as it doth on the Emperour in his Throne And when his Majestie departed from us at Rhine on the Leacke then our Sunne on earth went away unto another Horizon leaving us eclipsed through the want of our Leader so that in the rest of our warfare we had none to depend on but on God alone the onely sure Anchor for a troubled soule to rest on To conclude then this Observation having followed the Lyon of the North thus farre unto the Battaile of Leitzen though I was not at the Battaile yet for my love to my Master and to discharge the dutie I owe unto my Countrie I will relate the true manner of this Battaile in short being the end of the second part of my expedition under his Majestie of Sweden of never dying memory leaving the third part of the expedition to a fitter opportunitie except so farre as we marched before we were sworne to the Evangelist Stends under the Conduct of Palsgrave Christian Brickerfeild in Baviere and afterward under the Feltmarshall Gustavus Horne in Schwabland The fortieth Dutie discharged of the Battaile of Leitzen THE Kings Majestie of Sweden knowing that the Duke of Freedland had quit the Towne and Castle of Visenfelts and had the fourth of November marched with his Armie towards Leitzen two miles from Leipsigh his Majestie on the fift of November with the whole Armie two houres before day brake up from Nawmburg setting after the enemy coming the same day after noone-tide in sight of them He presented himselfe with his Armie in order of Battaile so that incontinently the skirmish went on apace by the Troopes which were commanded out from both Armies whereupon the Swedens made still good use with their small Cannon till the night did put them asunder In which skirmish the Swedens had gotten one of the Crabats Standards whereon was drawne the Fortune and the Eagle which on our side was holden for a good beginning The Swedens Armie this whole night standing in Battaile his Majestie was of intention to have fallen on the Emperiall Armie two houres before day but by reason of a thicke mist which had fallen it behooved his Majestie to attend the rising and clearing up of the day But the enemy perceiving the Swedens coming so neere unto him it could not goe off without fighting he did in the meane time see well to his owne advantage giving out orders they should incontinent make the Graffe or Ditch they had before their Front deeper than it was first made and to lodge Musketiers within it which they might have before them equall to any breast-worke or Parapet for their better safeties His Majestie then having ended the morning prayers and that the mist was vanishing away by the rising of the Sunne giving out by all appearance the tokens of a cleare day His Majestie then with comfortable exhortation exhorted every man foote and horse to fight bravely especially directing his speech unto the Swedens and Finnes You true and valiant brethren see that you doe valiantly carry your selves this day fighting bravely for Gods Word and your King which if you doe so will you have mercy of God and honour before the world and I will truely reward you but if you doe not I sweare unto you that your bones shall never come in Sweden againe The Dutch also his Majesty exhorted after this manner You true and worthy Dutch brethren Officers and common Souldiers I exhort you all carry your selves manly and fight truely with me runne not away and I shall hazard my body and bloud with you for your best if you stand with me so I hope in God to obtaine victory the profit whereof will redownd to you and your successours and if otherwise you doe so are you and your liberties lost His Majestie having ended this speech saith now let us to it and let us cry unto God with one voice Iesu Iesu Iesu helpe me this day to fight for the glory of thy Name He advanced then in full Battaile fasting having neither tasted meate nor drinke right forwards towards the Towne of Leitzen where on both sides the Duke of Freedland his Horsemen did present themselves untill such time as their Generall had brought their Infantrie in Battaile beside the Winde-mill and then to a side by the Ditch that was before their Front they retired backe a little and set themselves in Battaile on the right hand of the Towne of Leitzen and then putting the Towne on fire to the end the Swedens on that quarter could doe them no harme Notwithstanding whereof with full resolution the Swedens Armie in full Battaile marched by the side of the Towne on the ditch where their Musketiers were lodged and presented themselves in good order against the mighty and strong Emperiall Armie whereupon the Emperialists great Caâ—non that were planted by the winde-mill began to give fire in the middest of the Swedens Armie and were incontinent repayed and answered with the like noyse so that the Cannon played two long houres on both sides the fight going bravely on betwixt nine and tenne of the clocke that his Majestie himselfe advanced towards the enemie with the Van-guarde of his Armie even to their Graffe where their Musketiers were set much to his Majestie disadvantage so that sundries of his Majestie forces fell therein Neverthelesse they chased the enemie a little out of the ditch and tooke seven of the Emperialists Cannon that were planted alongst the Graffe After this the other Swedens Briggad or yellow Regiment of the Guard is come after and not esteeming of the Graffe in their way or of the three squadrons or Battailes of the enemies foote being foure times stronger than they which they manfully did beate making them to give ground till they were ruin'd and then on the second time scattering them also even untill the third advancing and being growne weake and wearie with so many brave Charges being resisted by the enemies third Battaile which were seconded well with two squadrons of horsemen at last with the blew Regiments comming up
to relieve them driven backe and almost so scattered that they were ruined and the seven Cannon which formerly they had wonne were taken from them againe In the meane time the Swedens small Cannon that were planted before the Briggads being righted on the enemies Cannon at the winde-mill whereon also Duke Barnards Cannon which were before his Briggad played on the enemies Cannon towards the wind-mill doing great hurt to the enemie so that they were forced to retire their Cannon a little behinde the Millars house in this meane time his Majestie with some squadrons of horse charged the enemie that was thrice stronger than they charging with their right wing his left wing falling on them with such furie that their Reare-guard or reserve were astonished being so furious that they went through their enemies putting them to the flight But especially his Majestie himselfe having charged too farre with foure Cornets in the midd'st of the enemies troopes being deadly wonded gave up the Ghost fighting for God and for the defence of the true Religion he departed valiantly and happily for him in Christ our Saviour Neverthelesse two great bodies of Crabbats of the enemies left wing stood firme and falling on the right wing of the Swedens horsemen with such a crie and furie advanced so farre that they were Masters of the Swedens Amunition waggons bringing also some of the Swedens horsemen in disorder whereupon incontinent did fall on three squadrons of the Swedens horsemen under whom Lievetenant Colonell Rolingen was one that did second the rest bravely who was shot in the Arme. Neverthelesse the Crabbats were beaten backe againe with losse during which time Duke Barnard of Wymar was not idle with the left wing of the Swedens horsemen but with the commanded musketiers being of Leslies Regiment and with the small Cannon charged the enemies right wing making them retire on their Cannon by the wind-mill and Gallowes and after long fighting they were made at last to give ground quitting to the Swedens fourteene peeces of great Ordinance As the Duke of Wymar did charge the enemie their Amunition waggons tooke fire which did indammage the enemie much but thereafter Papenhaim comming from Hall with a fresh supplie unloâ—ked for the service was begunne againe more sharpe and violent than before which continued for a while very vehement he having recollected the scattered Troopes the Order whereof can scarce bee well set downe by reason it was so neere night before Papenhaims comming yet the service continued hot and cruell so long as he lived till it was past eight a Clocke at night that in end Papenhaim being kill'd the Emperialists losing courage through the assistance of God and the manly and valiant courage of Duke Barnard of Wymar the victorie was come on the Swedens side the enemie having quit the field and burnt off his Leaguer with his whole Baggage and three peeces of Cannon which he could not get carryed away with him hee tooke his retreate againe on Leipsigh There were killed of the Emperialists the Abbot of Fulda the Grave Fon Papenhaim Colonell Lane Colonell Vestrum Lievetenant Colonell Lordâ— Livetenant Colonell Taphim Lievetenant Colonell Camerhooffe Coloneâ—â— Sâ—ves with many other inferiour Officers and Souldiers On the Swedens side were lost with his Majestie Generall Major Isler Colonell Gerstâ—rfâ— Generall Major Grave Neeles a Sweden Colonell Vildesten and divers more were hurt and of our Nation was hurt with the Cannon and musket twice Captaine Henry Lindesey brother to Bainshow who for a time did lie almost dead in the field divers Officers of Colonell Lodowicke Leslie his Regiment were also hurt having behaved themselves well being for the most part old expert Officers and old beaten blades of Souldiers In this Battaile as was thought were killed nine thousand men besides those were hurt whereof many thereafter dyed of their woundes such as on the Emperours side Grave Berhertbold Fon Walestine Colonell Comargo Colonell Browner the old Colonell Viltzleben and others On the Swedens side also dyed of his wounds after the Battaile Generall Major Grave Neeles After his Majesties death there was great and extraordinary griefe and sorrow over the whole Armie yet they never suffered the same to be seene outwardly but prosecuted still the enemie more vehemently and more cruelly than before For the Duke of Wymar and the rest of the Cavalieres of the Armie understanding the great misfortune of his Majestie death resolved all alike it was better to dye on the place with his Majestie than to retire one foote of ground which resolution was the cause that in the end they did crowne the lamentable death of the Kings Majestie with a stately and heroicall Victorie so that his Majestie in the highest degree of glorie may be imagined before any King or Emperour to have dyed and his life doth eternize alike both his prayse and glorie being victorious before death in his death and after death The Duke of Fridland Walestine after the losing of this Battaile retired with his scattered Armie towards Leipsigh and having had no time to continue there he was forced to take his retreate further unto the Hill's of Bohemia and thereafter Leipsigh was freed from the enemies forces by the Duke of Lunenburg and the Saxons that were comming with succours unto his Majestie before the Battaile whose march was too slow their succours being come but after the stroaks were given The Castle of Leipsigh called Plassenburg having holden out long was taken againe together with which all other partes in Saxon that the Emperialists had taken were freed againe by the Swedens the second time as Camnits Fryburg c. For which service the Swedens were evill recompensed by the ungratefull Saxon whose unthankfulnesse to the Crowne of Sweden will never be forgotten In all this time the Swedens Felt-Marshall Gustavus Horne did prosper very fortunately in Alsas not onely in taking in the strong and fast Episcopall Strength Bennâ—nfeld in spight of the Emperialists who had pressed to relieve it all Maiesty to fall But we may say with Salomon in the twenty-eight of the Proverbs and twenty-one verse It was for the sinnes of the Land and our sinnes that he was taken from amongst us and from those poore Cavaliers that did follow him for his Maiesties love and the love of the cause He was shot with three Bullets dead with the last for our sinnes and the sinnes of the Land And what he did before his death for the liberty of Dutch-land and freedome of the Gospell none but knowes it he left his owne Kingdome to bring strangers to freedome in theirs he set light by his owne life for Dutch-land that they might keepe theirs he waked and cared day and night for them as a father for his children that at last he might bring peace for them to sleepe sound he brought the keyes and opened their Church doores that were closed up by the Antichristian Idolaters that the Devills doctrine was banished againe out of the
commodities which did occasion the meeting at Hailbrun The fourty-one Observation AFter his Majesties departure unto Saxony our Briggad which formerly on all occasions followed his Majestie being often the Guard of his person as at his crossing the Rhine and at Miniken were left behind which then we thought very hard as if thereby we had beene lost which may be was the meanes of our safetie for as some flying from danger meet with death others doe finde protection in the very jawes of mischiefe and some others in their sleepe are cast into fortunes lap while as others for all their industrie cannot purchase one smile from her Wee see then that man is but meerely the ball of time being tost too and fro is governed by a power that must be obeyed and we know there is a providence ordering all things as it pleaseth him for which no man is able to finde or give a reason we must therefore beleeve S t. Ierome saying Providentiâ Dei omnia gubernantur quae putatur poena medicina est In vaine then we murmur at the things that must be and in vaine we mourne for what we cannot remedie Therefore let this be our chiefe comfort that we are alwayes in the hands of a Royall Protectour what ever then befalls us we must be contented not strugling against power We see also there is nothing more dangerous for Commanders in warres then to be thought once by their fellowes Officers and Souldiers to be greedy of the evill of gaine which opinion once received by inferiours may mightily crosse the fortunes of their Leaders for when Officers and Souldiers conceive an evill opinion of their Leaders no eloquence is able to make them thinke well of them thereafter for a supreme Officer being once remarked to keepe the meanes of those that served them they are without doubt thereafter despised by their followers And therefore he is never worthy the name of a glorious Commander that doth not preferre the vertue of liberalitie before the love of perishing gold otherwise in his teeth he will be aswell despised by the common Soldiers as by his betters for a brave Commander ought never to make an Idol of the moneys which should satisfie Souldiers but he should rather looke unto that which may follow to wit his overthrow or at least his contempt Therefore I would advise Cavaliers that command and leade others to entertaine the affection of those that have served bravely and truly lest being unjustly disdained they might turne their Armes the contrary way Wee see also the emulation of vertue betwixt friends commendable in striving who should force the enemy first unto a parlé where the diligence and valour of Major Sinclaire is praise-worthy who feared nothing but discredit where we see that the enticement to great travell and paines is glory and honour And we see all Arts and sciences are attained unto with diligent exercise So that it is not time or number of yeares that makes a brave Souldier but the continuall meditation of exercise and practise For Souldiers should be frequented in running not to runne away as some doe but on the contrary that with the greatest celerity they may prosecute their enemies taking time in overtaking their flying enemies and that they may the better releeve their friends for more come to be good Souldiers by use then by nature Here also I did see our Generall following Guischardin his counsell that wished to make a silver bridge to let passe our enemies but if the enemy on his retreat would grow carelesse and amuse himselfe once on booty then it were a fit time to medle with him being loaden with booty After his Majesties death we see the alteration of time did give greater advantage unto our enemies for while as our Army lay idle the whole winter at Ausburg the enemy was gathering his forces and we losing time neglected our duty having lost our Head and Leader when we ought rather to have followed our enemies with fire sword spoile and slaugâ—ter till we had subdued them than to have suffered the enemy before our noses to have taken from us that which we by his Majesties good conduct had conquered before So that we see it is vicissitude that maintaines the world and as one scale is not alwayes in depression nor the other lifted ever higher even so like unto the alternate wave of the Beame we were at this time with both our Armies kept ever in the play of motion The fourty-two Duty of our March through Schwabland under the Alpes to our Leaguer at Donavert being the end of my Expedition with the Regiment HAving joyned with the Felt-marshall at Vlme we crossed the Danube and quartered over-night in the Earldome of Kirkberg being Generall Major Ruthven his lands disposed unto him by his Majesty for good service and hearing the enemies Army were at Memming within six miles of us we advanced the next morning towards them with a resolution to beate them backe unto Baviâ—â— being almost equall with them in Strength we continued our march with extreme cold till the second night that we quartered in a great Dorpe a mile from the enemy so that in the night fire entring in our quarter with difficulty we saved our Amunition and Artillery having lost many Horses and the most part of the Armies Baggage Notwistanding whereof we marched the next day towards Memming and before our coming the enemy having strongly beset the Towne he marched away two miles from the Towne thinking to ingage us with the Towne that he might returne againe with advantage to releeve it seeing we had not time to intrench our selves he being then so neere But we finde at our coming the enemy was gone we drew up in battaile within reach of Cannon to the Towne where they saluted us with Cannon till it drew neere night and then leaving strong watches before the Towne for feare of out-falling laying our watches to keepe them in we quartred over-night in Dorps attending the up coming of our Baggage being scarce of victualls and without forrage but such as we brought with us The next morning our baggage being come and hearing the enemy was within two miles of us leaving a strong hinder-halt to keepe in the Garrison we marched with the rest of the Army after the enemy where before night our fore-troopes did skirmish together and we having the best of it the enemy was forced to leave a strong Reare-guard of Horse and Dragoniers making the rest of his Army to march away unto a passe beside Kempten being a strong streight Passe the country being streight and hilly full of woods very commodious for Ambuscadoes so that we could not march to them but in order of Battaile our fore-troopes of horse and Dragoniers advancing softly on the enemy being forced to recognize still before them till at last they charged their horse-watches which being beaten by ours we did get three Cornets from them where incontinent Major Sidserfâ—e with
dangerous as the inward enemy being least suspected Likewise the Governour or Commandant ought to observe and keepe a due proportion in all commandements given either for workes service watches or parties that no man might justly complaine that there is more dutie layd on him than on his neighbour but according to proportion of strength The keyes of the Ports and of all sorting doores and prisons are to be brought in and out by the Captaine of the maine Watch to the Governour and the Captaine of the Watch is to appoint Guards to stand at the draw-bridges Portcullis and sorting Ports and he is obliged to bring all intelligence himselfe unto the Governour and never to open a doore night or day without a sufficient Guard by him with the Limits past for feare he might be surprised and the whole Garrison in danger Also the Governour is to give Orders at night whether every man must resort with their Armes in case of Alarum and the Towne being diviâ—ed both Burgers and Souldiers should know their Posts they are to repaire to from the Alarum place And to supply the defects of the fortifications the Towne should be divided into equall deales to worke their day about with all materialls needfull for repayring the defects that there be nothing to mend when they ought to fight and to that effect Officers should be appointed by the Governour to over-see the workes that things may be the better done and the Governour must often visit all himselfe taking reckoning what is done every day till all be put in good order The Governour ought to have a Register of all inquartering that he may the better be made acquainted by the Burgers of every mans behaviour for keeping good order He ought also to have account of all victualls in their store-houses both of Corne and all other furniture and of all Caducks within the Garrison and the out-setting of all safeguards belongs unto him as his due He ought to suffer no man to make commoditie without his knowledge but all to put in to him that he may the better maintaine his state and entertaine strangers seeing he ought to be a good fellow and a common receipt for commers and goers otherwise he will faile to be thought of and he must give orders to the Captaine of the watch that no man come or goe without his knowledge under paine of punishment and the Captaine of the watch should direct those that enter the Citie having seene their passes with a Convoy and an Officer by night or by day unto the Governour to be inquired of at his pleasure The Governour as he ought to give out the word so he ought to see all Parads at the ordinary time they goe to watch where comming off againe they ought to repaire to the Parad-place and draw up orderly before they lodge their Colours and the Governour is obliged to visit the Posts and to goe the round himselfe and to make the rest goe the rounds orderly after him Likewise it is his due to command out all parties being first drawne up on the Parad-place seeing them to be provided of Amunition and of all necessaries before their parting giving strict orders that at their returnes all bootie be brought orderly before him and nothing to be put out of the way or aside on the paine of punishing the Officer that commanded the partie and the goods being knowne they are to be confiscated to the Governour seeing all bootie ought to be distributed at his discretion and in dividing the Quarters the Governour ought to have allowed him some free houses to contribute to his Kitchen as also some houses kept free to lodge strangers which ought to acknowledge the Governour so long as they have no other burthen and if the Garrison be such a place as yeelds other commodities by traffique by water or land the Governour besides the ordinary custome or toale ought to be acknowledged by those who transport goods or Cattell by or through his Garrison if they come under the compasse of his watch As also he may take of adjacent lands belonging to the enemy as high a contribution as he can rack them to providing he prove not dishonest to his Master in taking moneys for being friend to his Masters enemies For making of Accord an Observation HIS Majestâ—e of worthy memory I being with him at Damaine â—randenburg Lantsberg Verben Erfort Mentz Ausburg Rhine and Munchen in Baviere did never trust the making of the Treatie to any other than himselfe for how soone either Trumpeter or Drummer were conveyed blind-folded by the Officer of the Watch unto him then being discovered having delivered their message and receiving an answer the same or another being directed backe then pledges were delivered to be kept on both sides till such time as the accord were condescended to or left off in case of variance being continued to a second resolution and then the pledges were to be retired Hinc inde Those pledges at such times ought to be modest sober and discreet in their discourses lest some things might slip them tending to prejudice of either parties and if the pledges be wise they may save some Commodities for a friend When the defender makes a slight Accord the heads whereof are set downe in writing and afterward advised but once granted cannot be recall'd the guard once changed a Commander doth goe to possesse withall according to the Accord where incontinent the pursuer makes preparation for the enemies out-comming that there be no disorder committed in breaking the Accord by either of the parties for it is a grosse errour for a Christian to violate their word once given but they doe strive before ending for honourable Conditions on both sides the particulars accorded on are not necessary to be inserted here since they doe varie according to the occasions where sometimes the defender makes Conditions for the Citie their Liberties Traffique and Religion as the place is of importance and if the defender looke for succours seeing his advantage he shifts in making the Accord prolonging time till in the end as sometimes the Treatie dissolves as was done at Traylesound 1628. against the Emperialists And the partie beleaguerer finding himselfe weake without he continues their outmarching till his weaknesse be supplied as his Majestie of worthy memory did before Lansberg where the enemy was to march out three thousand stronger then we were without which delayed his out-coming till supply was come to us from Francfurt When treaties are ended the Conquerour of the place after making his accord having made his best advantage of all provisions found in such parts as of Cannon Armes Clothes Amunition Libraries Monuments being all transported and put in assurance then the Towne being in the Conâ—uerours power he may beset it with a Garrison or demolish it by rasing of the walles and it had bin good the Swedens had done so in Bavier with Donavert Rhine Ausburg Aychstat Landsout and Munchen if they
serve a noble Master and a bountifull King as this was yet he that lackes this ambition to be made companion to earthly Kings following this worldly warfare I would admonish him to be thankfull to the King of Kings for his peace and quietnesse at home and in his prosperitie to make his acquaintance with God that if adversitie come he may be the bolder with his Maker by prayer which is the key to open heaven and the meanes to remove our adversitie for to reach unto God wee must humble our selves by prayer uniting us unto him through the greatnesse of our love for if we love God we will be painfull to seeke him and to find him we must enter in the narrow way and if wâ—â— will be partakers of his meate we must first taste of his continencie if we will follow him to the breaking of his Bread like valiant Souldiers wee must not faint till wee drinke of his Cup and to gaine him wee must learne to lose our selves for his sake Let not then this saying be hard unto us Forsake your selves take up your Crosse and follow me if we faint at this and not prove as resolute Souldiers the next would be harder the reward of Poultrons depart from me you cursed unto everlasting fire I know you not While then we have peace and quietnesse I wish we may be familiar with this King of Kings the Lord of Hosts and say in particular Thou art my King O God enter into his Tabernacle and salute Iesus Christ thy Saviour and Redeemer the head of all principalities and powers and let thy desire be to be with him in the land of the living Then let the Heavens rejoyce let Sathan flee and Hell tremble and let thy Conscience cry Christ is my Saviour the world thou must despise Heaven thou must desire and in truth say Christ is my Saviour without this assurance all our knowledge all our glory all our honours are imperfect and of no effect lest therefore thou should'st check me being but a vaine Souldier saying it is a good world when the Fox begins to preach leaving thee to God I will returne to my observation on my Regiments March the continuance of it for nine yeares successive in breadth in length in circle in turning in returning in advancing to and from our enemies in weale and woâ— from the Baltick Sea to the Waser streame from the Waser streame to Rapiâ—e in the Marke from Rapine to Wesmar on the Baltick Coast from Wesmar by water unto Holsten toward Ouldenburg from thence by Sea to Hensberâ—ie in Holsten from thence to Denmark where in two yeares time we did Circuit the Iland with severall Marches by land and expeditions by water being alike able for both not like to the High Dutch whose head nor stomack cannot endure the water Being thanked of by his Majestie of Denmark having made peace with the Emperour in May 1629. from Denmark our expedition by water having taken service anew under the Lyon of the North the invincible King of Sweden did continue towards Spruce from thence to the Baltick Coast againe and from thence to the River of Danube that runs from the foot of the Alpes in Swaubland to the Adriaticke Sea and had our Master of worthy memory lived we had crossed the Alpes into Italie and saluted the Pope within Rome But the losse of this Lyon to lead us was the losse of many and of this old Regiment the remaines whereof are yet on the Rhine where with twentie thousand Scots like them I would wish to be to doe service to the Iewell of Europe the Daughter of our King the Queene of Bohemia and to her Princely Issue My first advancement to preferment through the love of my Colonell was on this first March being without contradiction though not without envie placed to command as Major over the Regiment in the Major his absence So Iacobs blessing bred Esaus hate nature having made some as Antipathits to vertue they were made sicke by my health But for me if another excell me in vertue I will make him my example to imitate not my block to stumble on If in wealth I 'le with him blesse God for his plentie seeing God hath enough for me and him both The killing of Captaine Boswell on this March should be an advertisement to all Cavaliers comming after a Regiment or Army upon March to looke well unto themselves not offering any occasion of offence being weakest for the Rascall sort of Communaltie are ever soone stirred to mischiefe especially an Army having past by which for the most part never goes through Dorpe or Village but some notorious Villaine commits some insolency or other for which oft times the Innocent doth pay Having joyned after our March to Generall Morgans forces upon the Waser being quartered in open Dorpes the enemy not farre from us it was my fortune to have the first nights watch as Captaine of the watch to oversee all Guards the Avenue to the Dorpe on all Quarters being well beset with convenient Guards and Centries under silence of night Generall Morgan accompanied with foure Gentlemen with fire-locks to try us being young Souldiers gaue fire on our outter Centry our Centry having discharged retired to the next Centry I called the guard to their Armes finding the Alarum continuing caused the Sergeant of the Guard with twelve Muskettiers advance to Skirmish with them to know what for Alarum it was and to see what hinder hault they had the Generall Morgan finding us discharging the dutie of understanding Souldiers gave presently notice unto the Sergeant what he was and desired to speake with the Captaine of the Watch whereupon the Sergeant conveyed his Excellence unto me to the place of my Guard being the Randezvouz for the Regiment in case of Alarum to draw up unto and finding the most part of the Regimenâ— on suddaine with their Colours in good order praising them for their good watch-keeping his Excellence asked for the Colonell and went to see him It is the propertie of our Nation an enemie being neere in time of an Alarum to be in readinesse before any other Nation though at other times on watches or repairing to their Colours on Marches or in Garrison they are more carelesse than others But once comming to earnest or in great extreamitie of danger to give them their due they are not inâ—eriour to any Nation so farre as I did ever see or learne of others older Commanders than my selfe Yet many false Alarums as we had on the Waser make Souldiers and the most diligent at last carelesse till they feele the smart of some suddaine surprise to rouse them the better to goe readily to their duties The want of pay at the Waser made our souldiers a little discontent seing the English get due weekely pay Neverthelesse I did never heare of our Nations mutinie nor of their refusall to fight when they saw their enemies though I have seene other Nations call for Guilt
being going before their enemie to fight a thing very disallowable in either Officer or Souldier to preferre a little money to a world of credit It is a great part of a Colonels dutie timely to foresee for all things necessary that may give content to those under his command lest being justly discontented he might be greived whiles it were not in his power to helpe himselfe or others The liberality of a Colonell and his care in fore-seeing for his Regiment returnes to him oftimes with triple profit being with moderation familiar with his Officers making them as humble friends not as servant under command and he ought by all meanes eschewe to come in question or publique hearing with his Officers the onely meanes to make himselfe famous and his Regiment of long continuance The third dutie discharged of our Marâ—â— from the Waser towards Bysenbourg on the Elve HAving thus remained the space of ten weekes under the command of Generall Morgan on the Waser side we got orders to breake up and to continue our march over the Elve under Hamburgh and from thence toward Bysenbourg Skonce to joyne with the rest of our Regiment the Colonell and Lievetenant Colonell being absent Major Iames Dumbar commanded then in chiefe receiving all necessaries fitting for our march as ammunition proviant and waggons for our baggage our sicke souldiers being cared for were left behinde and we brake up from the Waser the tenth of Iuly 1627. a Regiment of Horse being commanded with us for our Convoy to the Elve the first night we quartered at Rottenburg a strong passe having a great Marrish on both sides accessible onely by one narrow causey which leades through the marrish to the Castell which is well fensed on both sides with Moates Drawbridges and slaught bomes without all The next day our march continuing in the morning our forâ— troopes having gotten Alarum retired on us whereupon we drawing into Battaile resolved to fight and provided our selves accordingly for the enemies comming which being found but a false conception nothing followed on it but the continuance of our march without further interruption The next night we lying in Quarters our Guards orderly disposed before day we had another Alarum our duety duely discharged of all both horse and foote if the enemie had come we were provided But the Alarum proving false we brake up continuing our march toward Buckstehood appointed for our first Randez-vouz where we were commanded to send to his Majestie at Stoade for receiving of further Orders and a company of Horse being directed with me for my convoy I was made choise of to go to his Majesty for bringing Orders unto the Regiment His Majesty being absent Orders were given to me by a Generall Commissary to continue our march thorough Buckstehood and to quarter over night in the old land by the Elve side till the next day we should crosse the River of the Elve at Blanckeneas and from thence to march by Hamburgh through their Territories and passe towards Lovenburgh where we quartered a mile from it continuing our march the next morning towards Bysenburgh where we quartered in the fields for five nights till we knew of his Majesties further resolution The third Observation ALl marches are occasioned by the accidents of the warfare The reason of this march was the enemies Army drawing strong â—o a head in Lâ—â—â—burgh land of intention to force a passage over the Elve to come the easier to Holsten his Majestie being weake of foote in this quarter having no great feare of his enemie on the Waser where we lay before we were therefore called to joyne with the rest of our Regiment at Bysenburgh Another reason of this march was the Kings forces in Silesia being also weake of Foote standing in great neede of a timely supply we being able to endure a long march his Majesty resolved after besetting well the passe on the Elve to send us for a supplie unto the Silesian Armie Neverthelesse many times we see in warres though things be long advised on and prosecuted after advise duely yet the event doth not alwayes answer to mans conjectures For it is a true old saying Man proposeth but God disposeth A Commander having the charge of a Regiment or partie on a march ought in all respects to be as carefull and diligent as a Generall that leads an Army being subject to the like inconvenience of fortune Wherefore he ought to be well provided of all things fitting for his march that in time of Rancounter with the enemy he might the better discharge his duty especially being provided with good store of Ammunition both for the mouth and service with sufficient fix Armes He ought also for his march ever to have good intelligence left his enemie should circumvent him He ought also to order his march according to the countries scituation he marches thorough appointing his Randez-vouz nightly short or long as his Quarters may fall in best security He ought also to keepe his Officers and Souldiers in continuall good order of discipline without suffering the one or the other to fall off from their Stations without great and urgent occasions and if any of them chance to fall off he is obliged to foresee to their timely returnes Likewise he ought not in any manner of way suffer violence to be used to Boores or strangers in his march and if such doth happen he is obliged to do justice to all and to see examplarie punishment done to terrifie others from the like He ought also to be carefull to give none under his command just occasion of complaint for want of their dues either in quarters or in distributing of their victualls according to their strengths He ought also on his march to be provident in causing to bring their Proviant timely to their Randevouz or Hawlts seeing it to be rightly distributed for avoiding of contentions happening most commonly at such times Also he must foresee before he makes a hawlt that the ground be convenient where he drawes up whether he be in feare of an enemie or not and at such times he must be carefull that centries be duly placed at all parts needefull and that no man be suffered to wander or go astray from the haulting part for feare he be to seeke when occasion should present either to breake up to march or otherwise in case of Alarum to have his Officers or souldiers wandering while as the enemie should charge were a grosse error Likewise he ought to be of strict command and authority to punish those that on a march leave their Armes behind them or that are carelesse in keeping their Armes both fix and cleane In quartering either in village field or Citie he must give orders for his posts to keepe Guards upon and he ought himselfe to recognize all avenues and inquire of the knowne countrimen the passes whereby his enemies may come unto him and of the distance he is from his enemy he must also direct
parties on all quarters of Horsemen to get intelligence and Conschaift of his enemie lest unawares he should be surprised Likewise at his upbreaking from quarters he should take notice of all complaints and do justice accordingly And he should have a speciall care of the sicke either to transport them or to foresee for their good usage in case necessitie or weakenesse force him to leave them behind He ought also to foresee before he march for his Guides and to give charge to keepe them from running away and he ought to learne of the guide the inconveniences on the way that may be hindersome unto his march that timely he might provide a remedie His Guide should also know how far to go that when he comes his length he may timely provide for another He ought also to learne the best way for his Baggage and Ammunition to march on and in case of suspected danger he ought to ordaine a guard of Musketiers with a sufficient Officer to command for their convoy and if it be such way as that on occasion his Ammunition cannot be steadable unto him in such a case he must not part from his Ammunition waggons but rather to keepe one way though it should be far about He ought never for pastime or pleasure on a suspected march neere an enemy to go from the sight of his Troopes for feare he should be absent in greatest neede or that some misfortune might happen betweene those he commands himselfe or against others incurring in their wayes If occasion of service offer he must never be dejected but to encourage ever his owne most in the greatest extreamity shewing testimonies of his inward valour and setlednesse of minde by his by-past experience testifying he is no Novice not taking counsell of others when he is with resolution to rancounter a brave enemy He must be of judgment to consider on the sudden his enemies designe and timely he ought to oppose his enemy either with few or with many as he finds his best advantage And if his enemy be too far stronger than he he must timely resolve how to make a safe retreat being forced thereto Preserving his souldiers to a fitter opportunitie for once far ingaged the retreat will be the more difficult to make without great losse He ought alwayes to keepe a good reserve of fresh brave resolute fellowes to keepe faces on their enemies while as others should be forced to turne backe on them at such times and in such occasions the resolution the courage and the judgment of a valourous Commander is best knowne for many can advance rashly that have never the wit or judgment to retire bravely as is ordinarily seene in many such Commanders more stout than wise But lest I should enter too far to this purpose in this observation for feare to be blamed my selfe for not retiring in time it being a large field I entred in let this suffice for this march of the Leaders duty Now to retire being quartered a mile from Lovenburgh in a Dorpe where the Boore for feare quit his lodging so that for want of provision we were forced to send our Suttler called Iohn Matheson towards Lovenburgh in his absence our Boyes made use of his rugge to cover their faces in drowning of Bee-hives the rugge being rough did lodge a number of the Bees which when the Boyes had drowned the Bee-hives they threw away The Suttler comming late home we being a bed went to rest and putting off his cloathes drew his rugge to cover him but as soone as the Bees found the warmenesse of his skinne they began to punish him for his long stay That he was forced roaring like a mad man to rise and throw off his rugge not knowing though well he felt the smart of his sudden enemies we called to him asking if he was mad he made no answer but still cried the Divell had bewitch'd him in piercing him in a thousand parts still rubbing and scratching crying with paine not knowing the reason till a candle was lighted and seeing the Bees threw his rugge in a draw-well The gentle reader may judge whether or not he was punished for his long stay Thus Seria mista jocis The fourth dutie discharged of our march from Beysenburgh to Rapine in the Marke and of the storming of Beysenburgh Skonce HAving rested here three dayes on the fields till our Colonell came from Hamburgh with a monethes meanes to the Regiment our monies paid we got orders for a new march towards Rapine in the Marke where the old Markegrave fon Turlaugh lay at Haggelberge with a part of his Majesties Army and the enemie lay against him on the other side of the Haggell our orders were to divide our Regiment againe and to leave Major Dumbarre with foure companies to beset Beysenburgh Skonce the enemies army being then within five miles of it ten thousand strong of foote besides Horse The other seaven companies were ordained to march with the Colonell and Lievetenant colonell towards Rapine as said is we severed not without teares both of Officers and souldiers But he that serves a master must obey The first night our Camerades accompanied us to our quarters The next morning our march continuing newes overtakes us the enemy is set downe before Beysenburgh Skonce In the relation of the service I must be succinct being loath having not seene the service to set any thing in Record but what I know to be truth neither can I be particular in the declaration of this service done by our countrimen though it be generally well spoken of over all Germany yet I must say somewhat and if my Report diminish from their credit I protest it is not for lacke of love but for want of information The enemy hearing we were marched and having gotten true intelligence how strong they lay in the Skonce he marched ten thousand strong and lay downe within a cannon shot of the Skonce and having begun his lines of approach The first night the Major made an out-fall where having bravely showen their courage and resolution returned againe without great losse The enemy longing to be repared of this their bravade resolved to storme the Skonce at all quarters but finding resolution joyned with valour against him after long fighting in vaine he is beate off from the walles and forced to retire at that time with the losse of five hundred men at least But having redoubled his forces the next time sets on with greater fury than before but is beate off the second time also with losse the third time he adventured and as was reported the Scots defenders as is well knowne behaved themselves so well that the enemy storming the walles the defenders for want of powder threw sand in their enemies eyes knocking them downe with the Butts of muskets having beene divers times Pell mel through others at last the enemy is forced to retire without effectuating any thing Yet gentle Reader thinke that at such play the losse was
not onely of one side but of both for in defence of this Skonce being so oft stormed that ever praise-worthy Captaine Learmond Brother to my Lord Balcomy being twice shot with a musket received deaths wound and after died at Hamburgh in perfect memory discharging his duety Christianly to God as he did during his life time both to God and man For his sake and in remembrance of his worth and valour the whole Officers of the Regiment did weare a black mourning Ribben in this conflict also was killed his Lievtenant called David Martin an old stout and expert Officer many other valourous fellows that were there carried the true markes of their valour imprinted in their bodies for their Countries credit There was also a Scottish Gentleman under the enemy who coÌ„ming to scale the walls said aloud Have with you Gentlemen thinke not now you are on the streets of Edenburgh bravading One of his owne Country-men thrusting him through the body with a Pike he ended there This Skonce so well maintained by our Country-men is to their prayse recorded at length in the Dutch Story of the Danes warres where the curious Reader may learne more of it The enemy finding this opportunitie to faile at another passe above this on the Elve watched by Dutch surprising the watch did come over the Elve the newes comming to his Majestie he presently sends Orders in the night to Major Dumbarre who commanded the Skonce to retire and to bring off his Cannon and to cut off the bridge and then to come by water with his troups to Lâ—venburgh and to beset the Castle thereof with two Companies and to retire with the rest to Lukstad which accordingly was done to their great credit Major Wilson being set with two Companies on the Castle of Loven the enemy falling downe Generall Tillie leading the Armie comming before the Castle doth summon it to render the Major refusing he is besieged the enemies Batteries having playd a little on the Castle the Major parlees for accord before the parle Generall Tillie is shot through the thigh pledges delivered the accord agreed on he should march out with bag and baggage Drummes beating Bale an Bouche with a Convoy granted to them to Lukstad the Accord subscribed but neither circumspectly nor wisely by the Major at his out-comming his Colours are taken from him having forgot to insert them in his Accord he complaining of the breach is bidden reade it and finding it was so was forced to march without Colours to Lukstad where for his over-sight he was set from charge with disgrace and the Company restored againe to the right Owner Captaine Duncan Forbesse and incontinent Major Dumbarre with foure Companies was commanded to beset Statholder Ransove his Castle of Bredenberg in Holsten the enemy having already falne into the Land Which discourse I must now leave and prosecute the continuance of our march towards Rapine After this service the renowne spread so abroad where ever we came that the Gentrie of the Country were ready meeting us providing all necessaries for us The Duke of Wymar the Dukes of Meclinburgh with a number of gallant Ladies did visit us in our March to congratulate with us the good fortune and good service done by our Camerades But if we should looke to the outside of Souldiers these foure Companies were the meanest of our Regiment to the outward appearance Our March continues to Rapine where we were to receive further orders of Generall Major Slamersdorffe our orders were to draw up in Battaile before the Towne of Rapine where the Generall Major would come and see us his intention being to bring the Towne under Contribution otherwise to fright them with inquartring of the Regiment his intention effectuated we were led in quarters or Dorpes for three dayes to rest us seeing our intentions were to march unto Silesia The fourth Observation IN this observation though the dutie be suddenly discharged wee have much to amplifie the observation first by reason of the dispute that did arise betwixt his Majestie and the Colonell for offering to Cashiere some of his Officers for alleaged insufficiency by the information of some malignant Spirits amongst our selves whose names I will suppresse and the reasons also letting some other tongue not mine divulge their shame At this time also before our rising to this expedition we were discontented of the division made of our Regiment being absolutely divided by his Majesties authoritie without the consent of our Colonell who would have been loath to have left Captaine Learmond behinde that had done him so many notable good offices and this noble Gentleman of famous memory at his leave-taking of his Colonell my brother and me being then his intirest Camerades with teares revealed unto us whom he thought was the plotter of his stay and withall did with griefe in a manner foretell his owne fall alleaging we should never meet againe Therefore for the love I bare to my deare Cammerade I will point at the heart of those who had a hand in the separation 〈◊〉 the Regiment I must therefore crave pardon a little to expresse my dutie for the losse of this noble and vertuous Cavalier whose heart and eyes were ever fixed upon vertue and upon his love to his deare friends He hates nor but with cause that is unwilling to hate at all And it is the end that shewes the difference betwixt vertue and vice Fie then upon those judgements that for their owne aymes hatch the Ruine of their Camerades in foâ—e-thinking and pursuing evill And as the discharge of my last dutie was Tragicall the reasons of it I will set downe obscurely pointing at some that every man may examine his own conscience that had any hand in plotting or hatching by villanous policie bred of envie the ruine of their Camerades the reward whereof doth still awaite them with shame in a killing ambush when the Lord of Hosts will bring to light the hidden plots of the malicious man Here I could make some to blush that I know plotted the fall of their Camerades But I will be dumbe doing by them as Ioseph thought to have done by Mary in seeking to cover blemishes with secrecie lest I should wound some so with my penne as to make them by their Camerades to be push't out of Company But I will rather shew my charitie to the delinquent by concealing of his fault and tell him of it in secret than openly to divulge his mischiefe seeing I wish his amendment before the world should know his amisse I will not therefore be too harsh or virulent hoping for his penitency wishing God may enlighten his conscience that while he hath time he may crave pardon for his hatched evill Being sorry for the losse of these two worthy Cavaliers of famous memory Learmond and Dumbarre for whose sakes with griefe I have pointed thus obscurely at the forger of these Cavaliers fall whose name I will suppresse though my heart knows him well and hoping
we feared we should not gaine so much time as to put our Armie in assurance within trenches before the enemies comming but being more affrighted than we had reason comming there betimes we intrenched our selves within a Close Leager before the Isle of Poule a mile from Wismere Where we made a draw-bridge over the passage to the Isle and fortified it with Skonces and Redoubts on both sides where we lay five weekes till his Majestie provided shipping for our transportation unto Holsten and fearing contrary winds might keepe us long on the Isle it being in the Harvest time we provided the Island with Corne and Cattle taken off the Country about sufficiently to have entertained us the whole Winter in necessitie In this Leager we had abundance of flesh and of drinke but we were slightly provided of bread and salt where a Souldier had but one pound of bread allowed him in ten dayes if that he tooke it not off the field Our Scottish High-land men called this Leager the flesh Leager and justly for the Souldiers were so cloyed with flesh that Oxen flesh was let lie on the ground the Hides taken off by the Souldiers and sold for a Can of Beere a Hide the whole body left on the place untouched and at last the Souldiers weary of Mutton also eating onely the heads and feet being boyld with Wheat brought off the fields In all this necessitie the Towne of Wismere did prove very discourteous unto us in not suffering to help us with any thing they might spare for our money but rather through their pride abused our Officers and servants that entred their Towne to buy necessaries The fift Observation HEre we have represented unto us the mutability of humane estates and especially of warres the wheele turning we that looked to go forwards were forced to retire humane affaires being opposed as a marke to all the shots of discontentment so that we ought not to rejoyce too much in a calme or prove faint hearted in a storme We reade of a Roman Captaine who did tremble being victorious as being uncertaine how long his good fortune might continue And the Romans as Scipio tould the Ambassadors of Antiochus were not puft up by victory nor cast downe by losse And Augustine said this life of ours was doubtfull blind miserable made of a floud of humors ebbing and flowing Notwitstanding whereof it is the duety of a wise Commander to make use of the time by diligent fore-sight and wise deliberation to save himselfe and others so long as he may and not to be dejected at every buffet unconstant fortune doth give him As this old Generall his resolution at this time having an enemy before him was good the enemy coming also behinde him tooke his march betwixt both and did come fortunately to his wished forecast putting himselfe and his Army in assurance This old Generall was of good experience but not fortunate neither were they fortunate whom he served though of invincible courage and of great understanding in warres for to give his Majesty of Denmarke his due no man breathing I thinke carries a stouter heart then he doth Yet I have seene his Majestie far dejected in spirit through great losse and no wonder as you shall heare more particularly set downe in the seventh observation In this Retreat we were not voide of feare but suspecting the worst every man bethinking himselfe of his best safety to eschew an apparēt overthrow a thing at all times most dangerous in an Army Our Horsemen being afraid of a retreat by water and consequently the losse of their Horses for want of shipping and which was more they feared the losse of their goods and their owne imprisonment but it was in vaine they should torment themselves before hand for things without their powers to eschew But they ought rather to have made use of the present and to have foreseene the future so far as lay in them resolving patiently against all crosses and to referre the event to God Here also I did observe the inconvenience that comes to souldiers through eating much flesh without salt or bread which did bring diseases in the Leager so that many died of pestilence and flux but of our Nation fewest for to speake truth I never did see more durable men against all Toyle travell and tediousnesse than they were Likewise I did observe first here that the Townes of Germanie are best friends ever to the masters of the field in flattering the victorious and in persecuting of the loser which is ever well seene in all estates When we are happie in the spring-tide of abundance and in the rising floud of plenty then the world would be our servants but when these pleasant waters fall to ebbing then men looke upon us at a distance Wherefore adversity is like Penelopes night which undoes all that ever the day did weave And our misery is so that we can never tri◠a friend but in the kicke of malignant chance so I confesse he is happy that finds a true friend but he is happier that findeth not extremitie to trie him The sixt duety discharged of our expedition by Water from Wismer to Heligenhoven and of our service at Oldenburgh HAving remained five weekes in this Leager during which time preparation was making for the transportation of the Army unto Holsten seeing the Emperors forces come from Silesia and Tillies Army were joyned very strong which barr'd our passage from comming into Holsten by land which made us ship our Army for going unto Heligenhoven and from thence to the passe of Oldenburgh in Holsten of intention to ly secured there till thē rest of his Majesties forces might joyne with us The Army then consisted of eight thousand Foote and Horse besides those that were left behinde on the Iland under the command of Generall Major Slamersdorfe Having all safely landed at Heligenhoven we matched towards the passe of Oldenburgh where arrived before night our Leager was drawne out into the most convenient part for maintaining of the passe where the first night we begin to worke in the Trenches and continue working the whole night and the next day till noone that the enemy was seene marching towards the passe in full Battalions of Horse and foote which before three of the clocke had planted Batteries to play with Cannon on our Leager and to force a passage over the passe which our Generall perceiving gave orders to double the Guards both of Horse and foote As also strongly to Barricade the passe and to cast up in the night a redout before the passe the night drawing on being darke silence was over all on both sides of the passe But the day cleering the Guardes on both sides begin the skirmish the Cannons on both sides begin to discharge the Horse Guards charge one another till ours were forced to give ground the foote Guards beginning to fight the reliefes were commanded on both sides to second their owne the service growing hot and the
of Armes and Novices durst not be so bould as to intrude themselves in this honourable profession in any degree to take command on them without long practise and experience as was requisite to undergo a charge in so high a calling and of such importance as to leade others Neverthelesse the ground worke or foundation of Military discipline once well laid then they were suffered to advance by degrees unto high charges proposing recompence and reward unto those that did merite and to that effect they invented severall sorts of Crownes for the reward of their travells and wisdome Amongst others the Crowne called Obsidionall was ordained for those that entred first the besieged places being of the most esteeme of all crownes which was made of the Roote of the Herbes or graine that had taken Roote within the place besieged also those that first scaled the walls were wont to get a crowne of the Herbe Woodbinde or Parietaria Pellitory growing on the walls and those that first èntred the enemies Ports by force had also a crowne given unto them And the crowne Castean was ordained for him that first entred the enemies Trenches and brake the Palesades making way to enter unto the enemies Leager Also a crowne was given unto those of the Navall Armie that first entred the Enemies Gallies or ships on Sea this Crowne was made of gold representing the Combat and the Generall a foote being victorious had given him a crowne made of Hats and Miters and triumphing in a chariot he carried a Hat made of Lawrell At last these crownes were made of Gold laid over with pretious stones They had also given them for recompence of their travels Chaines and Bracelets all to the end they might accustome themselves to vertue and to the discipline and toyle of warres Who then would not desire to be of this society to get a crowne for well doing On the contrary Cowards Poultrons and Effeminate persons were disdained degraded and put off charge while the valiant were honoured advanced and recompenced as the Turke doth practise to this day to the disgrace of Christians neglecting discipline till they are overthrowne It should then be the duety of brave Generalls to make choice of brave and vertuous Commanders not asking of whom they come but where and how long have they practised to be vertuous Then we see here what was the custome of the Ancient Romans in choosing the vertuous that had past their prentiship and not Novices to be Commanders for we see that the love of the Publique brings honour pleasure and profit to the vertuous who thinke on it sincerely But those that would raise their fortunes by the ruine of others shall never prosper The reason of our coming to this passe of Owldenburgh was to have stayed there in safety from our enemies till we might joyne with our friends but the Enemy prevented us in coming betwixt us and our friends then there was no remedy but to hold him up at the passe till our Army might joyne with us and of this intention we resolved for best to maintaine the passe as we did till Ammunition grew scant and then we were forced to retire to our ships This King is powerfull by Sea and is mightily well furnished of all things necessary for warâ—es of Armes Artillery Ammunition victualls money and what else is requisit to set forwards a warre and which is more a noble and a liberall Master as ever I did serve Here also I observe the slownesse of our Generall that did not patronize the passe some few dayes before the Enemies coming that it might have beene fortified for it was no time for us to fortifie the passe in the night when the enemie came before us and the next day we were not suffered to worke being otherwise imployed Another oversight was that our Generall did not know certainly how we were provided of Ammunition for though we had Lead in abundance we wanted Bullets in the time of need Whereupon the Generall was accused after our comming into Denmarke and the blame was found in the Commissary that had the charge of the Artillery Et jure for they were all Rogues and deceived his Majestie that trusted them too much Neverthelesse I cannot excuse the Generall of being ignorant of the provisions ordained for the Armie seeing he was certaine of the enemies comming for it is most sure if we had been provided of Ball we were sufficiently bastant to have kept the passe against our Enemy since it came not in the Enemies power till we had left it voluntarily in the night The enemy also retiring from us hearing the Rhinegraves forces were coming behinde him of intention to joyne with us I observed also that the Generall was too slow in the encouragement of his Officers and Souldiers having delayed his exhorâ—ation to the very time of our going on service And it is easie at such time to Prognosticate by the countenance going on service how thâ—y are affected But never men went on service with more chearfull countenances than this Regiment did going as it were to welcome death knowing it to be the passage unto life especially fighting in a good Cause against the enemies of the Daughter of our King the Queene of Bohemia for whose sake our Magnificke and Royall Master did undertake the warres and for her sake we resolved to have followed such a couragious Leader as the Earth this day affords none stouter as mine eyes did witnesse divers times And for her sake I perswade my selfe our noble Colonell did ingage his estate and adventured his person to have â—on her sacred Majesty good service I did also observe this day that the best way to eschew danger is not â—o perceive it for a man well resolved perceives no danger neither doth any thing seeme difficult unto him that may import his credit And the best Commanders in my opinion as they are in measure remisse not seeming prodigall of their lives though resolutely adventurous and for me I love a man that is modestly valiant that stirres not till he must needs for he that is conscious of his inward courage is confident to shew it to the world when he will but a man prodigall of life oft-times indangers himselfe and others for though he have courage to lead them on he lacks wit and discretion to bring them off in case of eminent danger And at such times as I condemne him that runnes away first I cannot allow of him that out of ostentation will stay after all his Camerades are gone till he yeeld himselfe prisoner or die unnecessarily there where he might have preserved himselfe with honour for a better occasion I have also observed that a base fellow hath been killed running away when a valiant Souldier stood to it and came off with credit I did also remarke the invincible courage and resolution of that worthy Gentleman Lievtenant Rosse who having lost his legge wished for a woodden or Treen legge lying on the
had already possessed the whole Bulworke and shipping with their horse I asking my Colonells leave drew our whole Colours in front and our Pikes charged after them our musketiers drawne up in our reare by divisions fortifying our reare in case the Enemy should assault us in our Reare and then I advanced with our Colours alongst the peere our Pikes charged we cleered the Peere of the Horsemen suffring them to save themselves from drowning where they found the Channell most shallow and advancing thus to the end of the Peere we seazed upon one ship with some horses in it where we set our Colours and making that ship launch off a little from the shore for feare of being aground having mann'd the ship-boat with an Officer and some musketiers we sent to force other ships out of the Roade to launch in and serve us untill such time as the most part of our Regiment were shipped except some Villaines who were gone a plundering in the Towne but not knowing the danger they were in they stayed all night from us and were taken by the enemy the next morning Thus having shipped our men we were forced to quit our Horses and baggage the Officers that were most diligent as Captaine Monro and my brother Obstell were busied the whole night ferrying souldiers from the shoare especially the sicke and wounded who were not able to helpe themselves In the morning I shipped three boatefulls of wounded and sicke men till at the last I was beaten from the shoare by the enemies horsemen And my Colonells ship being under saile layd up to the winde attending my comming with the last fraught and then we followed the Route of the fleete seeing the enemies Army drawne up in battell horse foote and Cannon and our Army of Foote and horse opposite unto them where I did see six and thirty Cornets of horse being full troupes without loosing of one Pistoll give themselves prisoners in the enemies mercy whereof the most part tooke service As also I did see above five Regiments of foote being forty Colours follow their examples rendring themselves and their colours without loosing of one musket Iudge then judicious reader though we were sorrie for the losse of our Army if we were glad of our owne safeties I thinke we were and praised be God with no discredit to us or our Nation for none can be blamed that doth what he is commanded thus following our course the third morning we arrived before Flinesborrie where our Randezvouz was appointed and having sent a shoare for some victualls whereof we stood in great neede no man was blamed to provide for himselfe at such time when the whole Country was to be left to our enemies mercy His Majesty being there after hearing the certainty of his great losse resolved to secure Denmark having lost Holsten Yewtland we got orders with expedition all of us to ship and to hold forth our course unto Assens in Denmark where his Majesty promised to meete us to dispose further of us for his Majesties service and we making saile follow our course and orders At our parting the Rhinegrave with his Regiment did come thither the enemy at his heeles and he at spurres following the King till he had gotten the passe made good betwixt Holsten and Yewtland and his Majestie once safely arrived in Denmark the Rhinegrave quitting Yewtland unto the enemy follows the King unto Denmark We landed at Assens of our Regiment eight hundred Souldiers besides one hundred and fifty wounded and sicke men and being put in good quarters we rest us leaving the enemy to rest in the fat land of Holsten and Yewtland having a good broad and deepe fossey betwixt us we were by Gods mercy secured The seventh Observation HEre we see that the losse of a day is the losse of a great part of his Majesties Kingdome for the losse of his Armie was the losse of Holsten and Yewtland so that here below we have no assured estate from the King to the Clowne whereof we have frequent examples in Histories which should make none of all estates to glory too much either in their peace or prosperitie as the Holsteners did for though now thou be in peace and securitie as they were before this day thou oughtst to looke unto thy selfe and to prevent the worst better than they did Therefore to discharge a part of my dutie to my Country-men and friends I minde here somewhat to touch the misery of man through the inconstancy of humane affaires Isidore writes that it was the custome at Constantinople in the dayes of the Emperours Coronation while as he sate in his Throne a Mason came to him presenting stones that he might choose which he would to make his Tombe of thereby putting him in minde of the inconstancy of humane fragilitie We reade also of a simple Citizen in Italy that became one of the most powerfull men in Italy and coming to the dignitie of a Prince being thirtie yeares without interruption in great prosperitie tranquillitie and peace yea ever in the most dangerous time of warre and his Children raised to high honours and dignities this man thinking himselfe to be above the winde a whirle-winde of warres unlooked for came on him and his from Florence that he with his wife and children were taken prisoners and sent to Millane his goods confiscated he was shut up in close prison and died miserably the Venetians appropriating unto themselves all his money he had in Bancke We reade also of one Francis Force that through his heaping up of wealth came to be made Duke of Millane and after that intitled himselfe to be the Sonne of Fortune and the Oracle of the Princes of Italie being many yeares in prosperitie was afterwards chased from his goods as the Holsteners were then but having recovered his lands and goods againe he grew so insolent and proud of his prosperitie that at last he was taken prisoner and was kept till death in prison mockt of the whole world for his pride and greedinesse The same Author Guicchardine in his seventh Booke in the 157 doth record of the Bentioles chased out of Bullon where they long were in peace the subjects of Millane being forbidden to receive them the chiefest of them died of griefe having never before tasted the Cup of adversitie And so became of sundry in Denmark that for feare did send away their goods by shipping unto the Craggs of Norway to be kept there whereof some were lost by Sea and the owners afterward died of griefe not having the courage to undergoe patiently their Crosse. The Lord of his mercie preserve my Countrey and Friends from the like Visitation Let no man therefore flatter himselfe with prosperitie riches or honour as Agapetus adviseth us in his Politique Aphorismes All are borne alike come of dust our glory then should be of vertue and not in riches prosperitie or honours for we should esteeme of nothing so much as of Gods judgements praying his
Majestie continually to divert them from us esteeming more of our soules than of deceivable riches whereof the possession is uncertaine as was seene at this time both in Holsten and Yewtland their riches went faster away than they came and though they could have enjoyed them yet at last they were forced to leave them to others Since therefore we can carry nothing with us but our good name let us be ever carefull of that discharging so farre as we may with a good Conscience our dutie to God and man and this Heritage we cannot be robbed of though the world should turne to nothing Here we see this magnanimous King his estate falling for his love to his Niece the distressed Queene of Bohemia and her Children seeing her banished from her Kingdome by the sword of her enemies he hazards the losse of his Crowne and person to get her restored bringing the sword of his enemies within his owne Countrey fortune having crossed him abroad yet for all this this Magnanimous King was not dejected but with a couragious resolution makes use of the time retiring to one corner of his Kingdome to prevent the losse of the whole being naturally fortified with a broad graffe as the Isle of Britaine being strong of shipping having his Majestie of Britaine to friend and the Estates of the united Provinces he was carelesse of the Emperours forces by Sea or Land not being able to harme his Majestie more than they did By this example we may see what advantage our Soveraigne the Kings Majestie of great Britaine hath over all forraigne Kings in Europe through the scituation of his Dominions being mightie in power of men shipping and money is able to make warre abroad where he pleaseth and to make a safe Retreat when he pleaseth being Master at Sea as he can easily be terrifying his enemies with one Armie abroad and a strong Armie at Sea he can offend whom he will and retire when he list forcing all Europe to be in feare of him and his Majestie in feare of none but of the King of Kings The Lord therefore preserve his Majestie his Children and Subjects from the power of forraigne enemies and I wish a great part of my friends and Country-men were so farre addicted to seeke the restitution of her Majestie of Bohemia and her Royall Issue as I am the warres then should never end till they were restored and I avenged of my friends bloud and mine owne shed in the quarrell Here also I did observe his Majesties circumspection in preventing the Emperialists in coming by water unto his Kingdome having beset all Finland with strong Garrisons of Horse and Foote which kept strong guards and good watch by night and by day at such places on the Coast as was most in danger of the enemies over-setting till in the end the enemy was forced to retire his Armie leaving but a few men in Garrison in the Townes which lay on the Coast which Garrisons his Majestie with shipping did often visite to their great hurt with strong parties retiring againe having done his exployt at his pleasure in safetie This Magnanimous King to my knowledge deserved to have been worthily thought of and well spoken of for his noble enterprizing of the warre being Leader and Generall in so good a cause And though the successe was not answerable I dare be bold to affirme it was none of his Majesties fault for his Majestie not onely bestowed much in advancing of it but also did hazard himselfe and his Crowne in maintaining of it Neverthelesse there are alwayes some Cynicks that doe barke at his Majesties proceedings without reason where we may see that no man no nor Kings themselves can escape the lash of censure and none can eschew to be traduced by the ignominious aspersions of the malevolent tongue Therefore it is good to doe well and then we need not care what is said except the sayer put his name to his assertion and then he may be made to foote his Boule in maintaining of it or unworthily to refuse it Here also I did observe that no Armour nor passe could remove the Generalls feare for having once imagined the enemies over-coming he was never fully setled till he was safe a ship-board And therefore I did see at this time that verified that when man distrusteth God it is then just with God to leave man to himselfe for after our Retreat being on the Roade the Generall being thronged in his owne Ship could not command a Ship to transport his servants till I forced a Ship for his Excellencies service which should teach all men in Authoritie while they have command to command with discretion lest the wheele should turne and then they should be beholding to those whom before they commanded Here also I did see mutinous Souldiers well rewarded and it may be sooner than they thought for the day before those that call'd for money when they were commanded to goe on service the next day I being a Ship-board did see them turne slaves unto their enemies being taken prisoners robbed both of Cloaths and money and kept long in bondage being forced to serve against their Conscience such was their folly in calling for money when it was no time to tell it Having at this time left our horses and baggage to our enemies I observed somewhat on the love of men to those beasts and the love of beasts to their Masters as worth the noting to confirme the kindnesse that should be entertained amongst Christians and men of one profession my brother Obstell of worthy memory had a Horse of our owne Country-breed that was so familiarly acquainted with his Souldiers and with the noise and touch of Drumme that the whole day on our march when his Master went a foote he unled followed the Drumme a little aside from the Company halting when they halted and moving when they moved fast or slow Another Horse I left that being in Wismer Leager having rode out one day to a wood halfe a mile from the Leager to cause to cut timber leaving my Horse standing alone and my Cloake on my Saddle a Rutter coming by unknowne to me and my fellowes steales my Horse away who finding himselfe in strangers hands skips loose and runs to our Leager being chas't and hunted at by more than a hundred Horsemen out-runs them all unto the trenches and running through the Leager stands before my Tent my Camerades wondering what became of mee thinking I had been killed by the Horsemen come and make search for me and finding me tell me of my Horse These beasts I have remembred for their love for which I will set downe some particulars concerning the addresse fidelitie and bountie of some Horses whereof I have formerly read Plinie protests their prayses cannot be expressed We reade of the Numidians that were so much redoubted of the Romanes that in their warres they would at spurres runne their Horses in middest of their enemies without a bridle to governe
them In the Battaile of Cannes Hanniball returning the next day on the place of Battaile to looke more narrowly to the place a Romane Knight halfe dead hearing the noise of people lifted up his head of purpose to have spokeÌ„ but his voice failing died with the last gaspe by Hanniball there roade a Numidian on that dead Knights Horse who knowing his Master begun to move his eares to bray and to leape and rebound with such fury till he casts the Numidian to ground runnes through the dead bodies and stands before his dead Master and leaning downe his necke and shoulders sheweth the desire he had that his Master should leape on him to the great astonishment of Hanniball and his followers We reade also in the warres of Germanie in the yeare 1176 the Dukes of Saxon forced by Armes to submit themselves to the Emperour Henry the fourth giving the Emperour for pledges of their fidelitie two yong Princes Sonnes to a Marquesse which were carefully kept in a Castle that was very strong the Captaine whereof moved by Compassion and wonne by some presents suffered them sometimes to goe abroad to take the ayre and to ride their Horses thereabout The Captaine going a hunting takes these young youths with him the prey found and hunted shee is followed by all not thinking of any other thing The youths spurring hard out of sight follow their course till they come to the River of the Maine where they request a Fisherman to transport them in his little Cane or Boate to Mentz offering him their little scarlet Cloakes for pay The Fisherman helpes them from their Horses and takes them in his Boate and rowes downe the River their Horses swimming after them to Mentz where they and their Horses were graciously welcomed Plinie writes that Horses wept at their Masters deaths and it is recorded that the Horse of Caesar wept foretelling his Masters death and I perswade my selfe the gentle Reader could adde somewhat to this purpose if he listed but thus â—arre to animate Christians to love respect and cherish their Camerades and not to kill and backbite them as too many are too ready to detract from others to adde to themselves a wrong way for honour is compared well to a chaste Maide that will never love them who would ravish her but being courted shee may be moved Here I must not forget that dutie I owe to the remembrance of that worthy young Gentleman Arthur Forbesse Sonne to a worthy Cavalier of famous memory Lievetenant Colonell Arthur Forbesse being a worthy valourous sonne descended of a valiant Father This young Gentleman being deadly wounded on service and with hazard brought unto our Ship within two dayes dyed Likewise a Gentleman borne in the Isles of Scotland called Alexander Mac-Worche being wounded in the head and shot in the arme the enemies Horsemen shooting at him with Pistols he leapes from the shoare with his cloathes on notwithstanding those wounds and swimmes to my Cosen Captaine Monro his Boate and being brought in died the next day and was much lamented for of his Camerades as a Gentleman of great hope I did also observe here the inconvenience that happens to many brave Officers and Souldiers given to plundering gathering together a little bootie for spending which brings them commonly into their enemies hands their punishment being farre more grievous than their purchase was delightfull and yet I thinke the Guilt is worse than the punishment To which purpose I will onely here inferre one Story A Pythagorian bought a paire of shooes upon trust the shooe-maker dyes the Philosopher is glad and thinks them gaine but a while after his Conscience touches him and becomes a perpetuall chider he repaires to the house of the dead casts in his money with these words There take thy due thou livest to me though dead to all besides Certainly in my opinion ill gotten gaines are farre worse than losses with preserved honestie These grieve but once the others are continually grating upon our quiet and he diminishes his owne contentment that would adde unto it by unlawfulnesse for looking onely to the beginning he thinkes not of the end But in my opinion if plundering or making of bootie at any time be excusable for a Souldier it is onely in respect of the circumstances Our friends being forced to quit their Countrey and their goods to their enemies before it should inrich the enemy it were not amisse to take it or destroy it either with fire or water before it were profitable to our enemies and in this point onely I doe allow of this bootie making providing it doe not hinder men from the discharge of their duties in time and place otherwise our best goods being impediments to the discharge of our honest dutie in our calling are to be throwne away And for mine owne part a few bookes left by my friends which mine enemy might have burnt was all the bootie that ever I made neither doe I repent me of my neglect in this point having seene many make bootie who had never the happinesse to enjoy it long His Majesties care in fore-seeing the safetie of Denmarke merits praise for by the preservation of Denmarke his Majestie like a skilfull Gamester recovered againe all that he lost Therefore we ought never to grieve for any thing past but for sinne and for that alwayes And he spake well that said He that hath himselfe hath lost nothing The eight Dutie discharged of our Quartring and Mustring in Fune and of the Colonels going for a Recreute unto Scotland HAving happily arrived in Denmarke at Assens in Funland our Colonell goes a shoare to understand of his Majesties will and command and being graciously welcomed is made to dine at his Majesties Table after dinner his Majestie discharging then the dutie of a Generall Quarter-Master who wrote with his own hand the names of the dorpes ordained for our Quarters as also did appoint a faire Hoffe to receive all our wounded and sicke men where they were to be entertained together till they were cured and to that effect his Majestie graciously ordained skilfull Chirurgians diligently to attend them being an hundred and fiftie besides Officers then we got orders to land the Regiment and to draw up in a convenient part till our sicke and wounded were first directed to quarters and then to appoint our Watch viz. two Companies to watch at Assens then having gotten Waggons for transporting of our Colonels baggage and spare Armes the severall Companies Quarters dealt out the Furriers sent before to divide the Quarters every Company led by their owne guids we marched off severally by Companies as our severall wayes did lie unto our Quarters where we had rest for our former toyle and good entertainment for our spare dyet so that in a short time we were all sufficiently refreshed without feare of an enemy Neverthelesse our Watches were duely and orderly kept and relieved â—y course every second night then Orders were given by the Commissaries
honourable Accord for in such a case I would choose before I came in my enemies Reverence without Armes rather to fight to the last man and if I chanced to be the last I had rather die being resolved with resolution having Armes in my hands than unawares being unprepared to be knockt downe miserably when I looked not for Death Here I did see the Ingenier that built this Fort who in time of working did oftentimes beate the Boores to make them worke for his crueltie he was most cruelly beaten againe and he running to his Majesties feete for refuge thinking thereby to escape was on his knees crying for mercy so hard pursued by the multitude that before his Majestie he was cruelly beaten dead as the reward of his former tyranny and so would God Here also we see that oftentimes the Innocent doth suffer with the Guiltie as hapned to that worthy Cavalier the Count of Mongomrie being cruelly beaten by the rascall multitude which should teach all Cavaliers bearing charge at such times to looke unto themselves in attending their Master or Generall on horse backe when an overcome enemy is marching out of strength or Towne or otherwise they ought to be on the head of their charge attending their duety or if for pleasure they would looke on they ought to be on their Guard lest being taken for private men they might be disgraced receiving a Disaster as this Cavalier did Happy therefore are those who can eschew evill by the example of others Here also we see that the best meanes to suppresse the insolency of the tumultuous multitude is a band of well commanded souldiers with Armes who are ever good servants but more often cruell Masters It is then the duety of a Generall in such cases peremptorily to see that his accord be kept which otherwise being broken causeth much evill and mischiefe to follow His Majesty as he was diligent in the intaking of this Iland so we see him carefull of the keeping of it as his conquest by leaving a Governor with a Garrison in it to be his retreate in case of neede out of Holsten We reade that Guishcardin in his history of the warres of Italy in his first booke accuses under hand the French that did enlarge their territories by Armes and did not maintaine and keepe their conquests but on the contrary did ruine themselves in the end The Emperour Augustus having read the great conquest of Alexander in the East he did wonder that Alexander did not take care to keepe them as he travelled to winne them It is said of Pyrrhus King of Albany that where he once set his foote he was conquerour there But was ever unfortunate in keeping his conquest and therefore the King Antigonus compared him to a gamester at dice that lost his owne in hope of gaine Examples we have of this at home without warres Leonard Darrez in his 3. booke of the warrs of Italy against the Gothes Totilas King of the Gothes being made Conqueror of Rome in his Harrangue made to his army concluded that it was harder to keepe a country conquer'd then to winne it for in conquering oftimes as here the cowardize of the enemies helpes more then our owne valor to maintaine our conquest we had neede of valour and justice That custome of the Turkes is commendable that when he enters into his Chappell the bed man of the Temple going before him cries out aloud that he remember that the Empire attained unto by Armes and justice is to be maintained with the like so mutiny is and should be holden detestable amongst Souldiers and in all well governed estates For the use therefore of my fellow Camarades and for the benefit of my country I will speake somewhat at large of the fury cruelty and barbarity of the multitude mutinous and superstitious that we may avoid the evill incident thereto I will set downe here my collections on this point which occurred in my observation The Philosopher Plato called the wisest and most honourable amongst the Grecians sayes the people are ungratefull cruell barbarous envious impudent being composed of a Masse of fooles naughty deboist and desperate for all that is spoken by the wise displeases the people that are incensed And Baleus writing the lives of the Popes writes of Pope Iohn the twenty third being asked what thing was farthest from truth he answered it was the vulgar opinion for all things they praise merite blame what they thinke is but vanity what they say is but lies they condemne the good and approve the evill and magnifie but infamy And Nicholas Haâ—ap Patriarch of Ierusalem in his booke of the unconstancy of the people hath a whole chapter apart to this purpose and Arrianus in his first booke praiseth much the wisdome of Alexander the great in taking away from the people of Ephesus the meanes to mutine against the chiefe men of the Towne for some of the mutiners being executed Alexander forbids to search or punish the rest knowing that if once the popular could loose the raine there was nothing to follow but mischiefe where the innocent might suffer as well as the guilty as witnesse here the Count of Mongomry that ranne the hazard of death being long bedred after his beating without sense or feeling And Thucydide did in his third booke speaking of those of the Isle of Corsu did feele the evill of a sturdy popular having licence to doe evill how much it was to be doubted in so much that the Massacre being so cruell that there was no villany left unpractised and such strange things he writes of that the Fathers did suffocate their owne children and those that were runne to the Churches for refuge were cruelly put to death who pleases may reade the story where it is set downe more at large As also to reade the late Massacres in France from the yeare 1560 to this present time especially the Massacre of the twenty fourth of August 1572 in the chiefest Cities of the Kingdome continuing without respect of age or of sex as well against the dead as the quicke as saith Lactance in his sixt booke and second chapter humanity was so farre gone from men that to take away the life of their neighbours was but sport being become beasts drunke with custome of bloud not sparing the innocent but doing to all what the hangman doth to malefactors Therefore Quintus Curtius saith properly that the deepe Sea in a tempest hath not more waves then the tumultuous multitude hath changes especially getting liberty by a new government And Titus Livius in his fourth booke of the third Decad saith so is the nature of the people to serve as slaves or strike like Tyrants Reade also Thomas Fasell in his tenth booke of the second Decad of the history of Sicilie a memorable example of sedition moved in Palerne of Sicilie where Iohn Squarelazop was cheife leader amply described in brave termes he having seene the Tragedy himselfe where he complaines
great ship called Reffe that fought valiantly against the Portugalls and they being entred into her there was made on the suddaine an artificiall fire that so affrighted the pursuers that they quit the Reffe retiring the farthest they could from her which fire did not burne being artificially made and the makers of it could extinguish it when they pleased To conclude then this observation and discourse of ships I did observe here before Keele fire being entred into one of our ships and the souldiers throwing salt water on it it still burnt the more till I made them throw fresh water and then it was quenched having before read the like in Plutarch treating of the naturall causes And Venice seated on the sea hath beene often in danger of burning as Sabellicus writes in his sixt booke in the story of Venice where he reports that the Temple St Marke was almost all burnt and the Dukes Palace was preserved with great difficulty which verifies that fire and water are good servants but evill masters God make us thankefull for this deliverance and from many more since having beene in danger of fire water sword famine pestilence and from the cruelty of our enemies The fourteenth Duty discharged at Grottenbrode in Holsten THis Magnanimous King yet still preferring the good of his country before his owne rest and quiet with the hazard of his person landed againe in Holsten his forces not exceeding three thousand foote without horsemen of intention there to bring his Army together he drew out himselfe a Royall Leager with a strong Forte in the middest of it having the Isle of Feamer sufficiently provided of victualls and of Ammunition to furnish his Army during that Summer and leaving the most part of his strength a shipboard he advanced himselfe with a thousand men to a Dorpe called Grottenbrode a mile from the shore naturally well situated which might be put in defence with little paines to hold up an Army His Majesty having drawne the draught of the Retrenchment the Boores set to worke I with the English and two Dutch companies were made choise of to Guard his Majestie and the workemen the enemie lying strong with horse and foote within two miles of us The first nights watch was laid on me and my souldiers by breake of day a Corporall and twelve horsemen of the enemies were sent to try our watch or rather to betray us which were holden up by our outer centry who calling to the Guard the Guard taking Armes I directed a Sergeant and a Corporall with twelve musketiers to advance and to speake with those horsemen The enemies Corporall finding himselfe wrong pretended an excuse alleaging he was come to offer his service to his Majestie and then retired whereof incontinent I did informe his Majesty who presently considered he was a spie sent from the enemy before midday he returned with fifteene hundred horse and some Dragoniers our intrenchment not ready we draw to Armes his Majesty directing the two Dutch companies to beset the passes and finding his person in danger retired with a few musketiers and leaving me and the English being of equall strength to defend the Dorpe promising to provide me of amunition and to send us reliefe his Majesty thus retired I caused a barricade of waggons to be made a hundred paces without the Dorpe where I placed a Lievetenant and thirty musketieres giving him charge if the enemy should advance to discover or recognize then to give fire on them and not otherwise This done the rest of our Souldiers were placed for maintaining the entry of the Dorpe and the English were appointed as our reserve to lye at Armes to be in readinesse to second us the enemy finding us provided and their foote not being come up they stand in Battell and direct two Troupes of horse to try the passes meaning to come betwixt us and our ships to cut off our retreat but finding we had the passe beset with musketiers they were forced to retire backe with the losse of three horsemen By this time his Majesty did send Colonell Holck unto me being come loose from the enemy on Parole to solicite his Ransome to desire me if the enemy forced entrance unto the Dorpe that I should retire to the Church-yard which was but cold comfort so being his Majesty had no intention to relieve us and consequently at last we should be the enemies prisoners after losing of our Colours which grieved us most But I desired the Colonell to shew his Majesty that seeing I knew of no reliefe if the enemy pursued us hard I would choose rather to set the Dorpe on fire behinde us and then commit my selfe and the rest to the hazard of fortune in making our retreate rather then to become prisoners to the enemy The Colonell gone we pressing to make a faire shew of a slight game doubling our Guards before night and making great Guard-fires in view of the enemy his foote not come up and seeing our resolution he retired before night where incontinent we imbraced the opportunity and leaving some Dragoniers behinde us we retired to our ships giving orders to the Dragoniers to follow after us so soone as they thought we were safely retired Before midnight the enemy having gotten his foote joyned with him returned to the Dorpe and the next morning advances towards us till he was holden off by the fury of our Ordinance of the ships In the meane time his Majesty had above foure thousand Boores at worke finishing the Leager and royall Fort in the midest of it whereon were placed eight pieces of Cannon the Fort being higher then the Leager did command the fields about which being complete the two Dutch companies were left to maintaine the Fort and the rest had orders to ship their men and to retire to Lowland his Majesty having understood that the enemy had beleagerd Trailesound The second night after our going away the enemy coming to pursue the Fort the Dutch retire quitting the same and their Cannon also with the losse of fourescore men so that his Majesties paines taken in Holsten was in vaine the Dutch retiring from it unfoughten The foureteenth Observation IT is much to be lamented when Kings or great men preferre their owne ease and rest to the publique weale suffering it to be overthrowne on the contrary part it is worth much commendation when a King or a Prince undertakes toyle and travell of his body for the safety of his people to keepe them in quiet from imminent ruine with the hazard of his owne life preserving his subjects Therefore men ought to call to minde often the wise counsell of Pericles who said that when the publique state was ruin'd he that lived well at his ease for his owne particular should not escape unruin'd where on the contrary the publique state being well the poore feele the lesse discommodity and is comforted in some manner Caesar was of this opinion when he said unto his Captaines and Lievetenants no
Censor that he taught young men to fight standing in one place and he used to say often that words were more powerfull to terrifie and to chase an enemy than the stroaks of the hand And the same Cato said he loved not the Souldier that did shake his hands marching that staggred with his feet in fighting snorted lowder in sleeping than he did cry coming to fight And Caesar said that in every man was seene a certaine moving and naturall readinesse and promptitude that kindled them with a desire to fight which Generalls and Commanders of Armies ought diligently to intertaine and not extinguish Wherefore it was that the Ancients before they fought caused to sound their Trumpets beate their Drummes and made their Souldiers cry hard esteeming that did encourage their Troopes and affright their enemies The Macedons also began their fighting with crying and shouting and Curtius reports that as soone as the Armies saw one another within shot of Musket the Persians began to cry furiously and the Macedons though fewer in number did so answer them that the tops of the Mountaines and Woods resounded againe to the Echo of their Cryes The like we reade in our owne Story where the Author in his ninth Booke makes mention of Henry Piercie Earle of Northumberland and Regent of England at the East being come unawares into Scotland with seven thousand men was driven away by the Boores and Herds by the helpe of Stone-Bagges as they are called to this day in our High Lands of Scotland being used by the Inhabitants to fright Wolves and to chase Deere and other Beasts from their grasings the Instrument is made of dry skinnes made round like a Globe with small stones in it that make a noise as they did neere the English Campe that their Horses brake loose through the fields where after long flying they were taken by the Boores of the Country If then we should cry at all let it be such a noise as may terrifie our enemies being strong couragious and brave Plutarch reports that the cry of Souldiers made a Raven flying in the ayre to fall downe being astonished and Titus Livius saith that when the multitude of people did imbarke that few or none were left in Italie and Sicile coming together and crying the Birds astonished fell out of the ayre and Paulus Aemilius reports the like that when the Christians besieged Tyre a Pigeon was seene in the Ayre which made the Christians raise such a noise that the Pigeon fell downe as if it had beene stricken with thunder and that they found a Letter about the necke of the Pigeon that the Sarazens had sent to the besieged shewing they should be soone relieved if they would take good courage and maintaine the Towne for certaine dayes and the Christians having men with them who understood the same language did write another Letter which they tyed to the necke of the said Pigeon and let him goe which Letter carried that the besieged had neede to looke to themselves that they had given good proofe of their valour and fidelitie and that their Fortune was not to give them hope of reliefe the passages being closed up by their enemies and the Tyrians thus deceived give over the Towne unto the Christians The like we reade practized at the siege of Harlam which made the Towne hold out long and it is certaine such Poasts are made fall downe with the noise of crying and of Cannon and Musket so that their packetts are taken from them Here also was wonderfull the losse and dammage done by Cannon especially the Morters of the enemy carrying Bullets of Stone within the Towne of three hundreth pound weight and some that carried Bullets of one hundreth and sixtie pound and in one day there were shot on the Port of Franckendore where we went out to our watch above seven hundreth and sixtie shot of Cannon the noise whereof was heard above thirtie English miles Also we reade that at the Battell of Lepanto in the yeare 1572. where the Turkes were defeated with great losse that the noise of the Cannon was heard from the place above sixtie Scottish miles But on the Sea they are heard a great deale farther as having neither hill nor wood to hinder the sound in the Ayre Here also I did observe how happie it is when Officers and Souldiers love one another refusing to undertake no danger to supply their Camerades their lives being dearer unto them than their owne which was evident by the timely reliefe which discouraged the Enemy and made them at last perceiving their owne losse to be great having effectuated little in the end to settle To speake in particular of any mans valour at this time seeing to my knowledge I perceived no defect neither in Officer nor Souldier but so farre as to my griefe I did speake of the Dutch that left their Captaine which since I confesse to be a warlike Nation being now long hardned by the custome of warres but on desperate service as this was I would wish if I had libertie to choose other seconds neither can I commend those Dutch that would not send us reliefe in our great danger for though we ought to looke to our owne houses when our neighbours are on fire yet Christian compassion ought to move us to supply the defects of our brethren but when Souldiers and Officers preferre their case with whole skinnes to the safetie of their Camerades in danger then such may be justly called simple without moderation abandoning their Camerades they lose their good name and bring their reputation and valour in question Who will not then blame such and who will not praise those thâ—t in extremitie contemned life and their ease to relieve their Camerades as Colonell Fretts his Lievetenant Colonell and Major did fighting against our enemies Him then I esteeme as a valiant Souldier that fights against the enemy embracing wounds for his Mistresse and that is contented to lie on the ground being weary and that makes no difference of food to serve his appetite without sawce being contented with a nod for a sleepe to such a Souldier nothing is impossible or hard to attempt and such Souldiers to command were my choice that cared not for gold nor money but for credit and Souldiers have most feare when they are best fed best clad best armed and when their purses are best furnished but when the Souldier glorieth in his povertie then doth the Armie flourish then doe they overthrow their enemies And therefore it was the saying of Demetrius to Xerxes King of Persia going to make warre in Greece that Greece did ever entertaine povertie and lodged vertue brought in by wisedome and severe discipline by which meanes their dominion remaineth unconquered so long as they were enemies to vice and were glad in their povertie as may be well spoken of our owne Nation at home that hath suffered and done so much and more for our freedomes than any Kingdome in Europe
maintained it couragiously repelling the enemies valour with resolution built on vertue and love of credit so that they made their enemie with great losse to be frustrate of his hoped for victory finding the valour of the Scots tempered with constant resolution and vigorous spirits his fury was made to setle by little and little till at last resolution the strong Armour of the descreete Souldier prevailed against all the shuffles and cries of the enemy and the defender seeing the storme past and the tempest cease he laughes and smiles with as much honour quiet and safety as before he suffered toyle griefe or injury Here we see the use of treaty and still-stand or truce ordained of Policy that every man may presse to winne his owne aymes The Souldiers that in six weekes before were wounding and killing one another are now coming and discoursing together as friends where I did remarke and observe that it is much easier to be reconciled with an enemy then to conquer him Now in time of these still-stands by discourse they presse to finde out one anothers actions and to observe one anothers faults and excursions treasuring up against the day of advantage for the confounding of one another at their first out-falling and like the Crocodile they slime one at others way to make one another fall coming in occasions againe and therefore it was the answere that Seneca gave unto himselfe when he asked Quid est homini inimicissimum he answered Alter homo Our enemies studies are the plots of our ruine leaving nothing unattempted which may induce our dammage and the danger is ever most when we see it not Yet I thinke he that can be a worthy enemy can reconciled be a worthy friend and he that in a just cause can fight against us can likewise in the like cause being reconciled fight with us and if he be unworthy reconcile him too if it were but to be freed of his scandalous tongue and that also will be worth thy labour and he that upon good termes refuseth reconcilement may be stubborne but not valiant nor wise for he that wilfully continues an enemy teacheth his enemy to do him a mischiefe if he can and that endeavour is well spent that unmaskes an enemy or makes a friend for as the one begets a treasure the other it may be raiseth a siege and that man is wise that is kinde to his friends and sharpe to his enemies but he is wiser that can entertaine his friends in love and make his enemies like them as our Nation did here at Trailesound in keeping their Masters love to the best for their loyalty and in making their enemies thinke well of them and love them for their brave carriage and valour Likewise I did observe here the benefit that ariseth to a Kingdome City or State through a good Government and what a blessing it was to a Towne perplexed as this was to get a good wise vertuous and valiant Governour in time of their greatest trouble which shewes that we are govern'd by a power above us for oftimes that which we desire or feare doth seldome happen This City having feared the Emperours tyranny to come over them desired the King of Denmark as their protector yet God by his providence gave them another to wit the invincible King of Sweden who provided them an able Governour in their greatest neede to wit Sr. Alexander Lesly who immediatly after his entry tooke the command upon him keeping both the Dane their Souldiers and the Burgars under his command and direction as worthy of his authority flowing from the King his Master of most famous and of never dying memory it faring then with Trailesound as with Sara she became fruitfull when she could not believe it and they became flourishing having gotten a Scots Governour to protect them whom they looked not for which was a good Omen unto them to get a Governour of the Nation that was never conquered which made them the onely Towne in Germany free as yet from the Emperiall yoake by the valour of our Nation that defended their City in their greatest danger To conclude then for the love I beare to the Crowne that doth protect them knowing their dispositions by experience to be froward factious and proud having as yet some Wolves amongst them that the folde may be quiet let the factious heads be made higher by a pole than their bodies cutting off the tumultuous whereby their Governour by a majesticke awe may keepe the rest in a strict subjection lest slacknesse and connivence may undermine an unsetled Government for it is no crueltie to denie false men libertie that are so infected though there be some honest men amongst them let them serve their Governour and let him beare the sway as becomes the dignitie of the place that having once wonne the field he may be sure to keepe it for though I hate the evill people for their former unthankfulnesse to our Souldiers and Nation yet the love I beare to their Protector and Governour makes me thus plaine whose happinesse I wish to endure while there remaineth a stone in the Citie and his fame eternally The nineteenth Dutie discharged of the out-fall made by Spynies Regiment and of their Retreate made good by Captaine Mac-Kenyee THE treatie dissolved the new supply being come out of Denmarke Sir Alexander Leslie being made Governour he resolved for the credit of his Country-men to make an out-fall upon the Enemy and desirous to conferre the credit on his owne Nation alone being his fiâ—st Essay in that Citie And therefore made choice of Spynies Regiment being their first service to make the out-fall ordaining Captaine Mac-Kenyee with the remainder of our Regiment in the Lievetenant Colonell his absence to second them for making good of their retreate My Lord Spynie being present with his Regiment consisting of brave and valourous Officers being all worthy Cavaliers of noble descent and of good families having action valour and breeding answerable to their charges they were desirous to gaine honour and credit against a powerfull enemy with whom they were to be ingaged they went on with boldnesse and confident resolution and falling into the enemies workes they forced the enemy to retire and to give ground even to the body of their Armie And delighting in the shedding of their enemies bloud who had shed so much of their Country bloud before they pursued them hard following them unto their maine reserve or battell where they seazed on their Cannon but the enemy being too strong and his forces still augmenting they were made to retire with the losse of some brave Cavaliers especially the losse of Sir Iohn Hume of Aiton the first Captaine of the Regiment who after many bloudy wounds received was taken prisoner being a brave resolute Cavalier of good carriage and moderation in all his actions who after died of his wounds with the enemy being a prisoner long and was much lamented of all that knew him
Here also was killed the valourous Captaine Mac-Donald who in valour succeeded his worthy predecessors for with his owne hands as is credibly reported he killed with his sword five of his enemies before he was kill'd himselfe Divers also of these Officers were hurt as Capt Lundesey of Bainsho who received three dangerous wounds Lievetenant Pringle who was hurt also and divers more they being made to retire their powder being spent to make their retreate good falls up Captaine Mac-Kenyee with the old Scottish blades of our Regiment to suppresse the enemies fury they keeping faces to their enemies while their Camerades were retiring the service went on afresh where Lievetenant Seaton his Company alone led by Lievetenant Lumsdell in absence of their owne Officers being then all under cure there was lost of Seatons Company above thirtie valourous Souldiers and the Lievetenant seeing Colonell Holke retiring desired him to stay a little and to see if the Scots could stand and fight or not The Colonell perceiving him to jeere shooke his head and went away in the end Captaine Mac-Kenyee retired softly from his enemy keeping faces towards them with credit till he was safe within workes And then made ready for his march towards Wolgast to finde his Majestie of Denmarke The nineteenth Observation HEre we see that when his Majestie of Denmarke did quit the protection of Trailesound unto his Majestie of Sweden Sir Alexander Lesly being made Governour following the example of Iustinian the Emperour to put his authoritie in practize He commanded out a partie and was obeyed by those he commanded which should incourage all brave Cavaliers to serve well and faithfully where they serve without spot or blemish that in the end they may expect so great a reward from so great a Master as we see here bestowed for valour and fidelitie upon our Country-man being trusted with such a charge on a frontier Garrison though a stranger before his Majesties owne Country-men where he againe following the example of Alexander the Great who caused a Combat to be fought with one of Darius Captaines before the Armie should fight and his Captaine returning victorious he I say tooke that as a good presage of his future fortune in beating of Darius his Armie Tacitus saith also that the Germanes were wont to fight and try their valour first after this manner by parties for presages of greater service to follow And we finde that the valourous Generall Scanderbegge King of Epirus did fight many Combats himselfe for to give good presages of future victories whose fortune was till his death to be ever victorious The like fortune I heartily wish to this noble and worthy Cavalier happie alreadie and blest in bringing honour to his Country being in all his time beyond apprehension happily excellent To conclude then this observation here we may see the benefit of good order where those that were in great danger are happily preserved by the goodnesse of good order and discipline and by the timely succours of their valourous Camerades taking the enemies blowes and shots in their owne bosomes to rescue their friends from danger to the great prayse of that noble Sparke Captaine Mac-Kenyee being full of worth as the purest orientall Diamond shining amongst the greatest Stones who did scorne to turne face from his enemies but retired orderly offending his enemy in defending his friends till both he and they were returned with credit though with losse for where order is kept as in this retreate was done by that noble Sparke all things flourish and thrive and I wish from my heart he had followed his profession for though he be honourable enough as he is none can blame me for wishing him better he having once commanded me and shall still while I live The twentieth Dutie discharged of the Regiments March to Wolgast and of their Retreate unto Denmarke HIS Majestie of Denmarke having given over the protection of Trailsound unto the King of Sweden immediatly after he did ship some forces of foote and horse in Denmarke which he did land at Wolgast in Pomeren of intention to patronize the Dukedome of Pomeren against the Emperour And being come to Wolgast his Majestie did recall the remainder of our Regiment from Trailesound who were not then foure hundred strong at their out-coming having lost in six weekes neare five hundred good men besides Officers the Regiment led then by Captaine Mac-Kenyee in the absence of his Superiours he continued his March towards Wolgast where they joyned with his Majesties Armie being no sooner arrived they were instantly commanded on service The enemy having falne strong against his Majestie he did plant fourteen pieces of Ordnance and playd on the Kings battell till his Majestie perceiving the danger not being bastant to resist the enemy retired confusedly in great haste to Wolgast and having lost without fighting the greatest part of his Armie our Regiment and the remnant of Spynies Regiment had beene cut off had not Rutmaster Hoome and some of his Camerades of the Rhinegraves Regiment of horse charged the Enemy thrice keeping them up till the most part of his Country-men were retired in safetie and then were made by their enemies to retire at the spurres themselves having endangered their owne safeties for the good of their Camerades His Majestie finding the enemy pressing hard fearing much to be surprized or taken he did give Captaine Mac-Kenyee charge to comand the whole Scots that were there and divers others and to skirmish with the enemy before the Ports till his Majestie were retired and then to make his retreate over the Bridge and to set it on fire which the Captaine did orderly obey doing his Majestie the best service was done him in the whole time of his warres not without great danger of the Captaine and his followers where the Bridge once burning he was then the happiest man that could first be shipped Ensigne Lindesey brother to Bainsho was shot with a Cannon-Bullet in his shoulder and notwithstanding was brought off and miraculously cured The Regiment thus shipped they met with their Colonell being come from Scotland with the Recreut who retired with his Majestie unto Denmarke and were mustered The twentieth Observation IN defence of this Towne of Trailesound our Regiment did lose neare five hundred men and of the remnant escaped both of Officers and Souldiers I doe not thinke one hundred were free of wounds received honourably in defence of the good cause Who will then say but that bloud was better lost than kept when it returnes with advantage having brought credit to themselves and Countrey Let none then mourne for the losse gotten so honourablie Let none then I say bedew their eyes for them we left behinde us seeing the gaine is equall to the losse if not more for them we had we knew were not alwayes to stay yet what we have gained is permanent and eternall those we lost I confesse we loved yet that love ought not to be so violent as to
undoe our selves with wanting of it Neither can we so slenderly forget their memory being our noble friends and who were ornaments to our Regiment and Country and helpers of our credits Shall we not then be sorrowfull for their losses that lost themselves to make us renowned in their deaths and while they lived were our most faithfull and loving Camerades even unto their last breath But since they are gone before us to take in quarters in heaven following their great Captaine who hath made the way open for them being stricken as Iob saith by the hand of the Lord and yet placed at his right hand shall we be sorry for them No we will rather rejoyce and thinke we must follow them when we have fought that good fight against our enemies we shall be crowned with them in glory and rejoyce following the Lambe where ever he goeth and till then his right hand will sustaine us as before for he is our helper and hath sworne by his right hand and the Arme of his strength that he will not forsake us till we rest with him in glory Here also we see that his Majestie having trusted our Nation more than his owne or the Dutch he doth leave them ingaged with the enemy till his Majesties retreate were made sure both first and last Where we see that friendship and true service is best tryed in extremitie for no greater testimony can be given of true service than when the servant doth endanger his own life and honour for the reliefe of his Master as that young Cavalier Captaine Mac-Kenyee did here being a generous act for the safetie of a King which ought to be recorded to vindicate his honour from oblivion whose memory merits to be rewarded that others might imitate his noble example Here also we see that sufferance in a noble manner causeth love for that young Cavalier Henry Lindesey then an Ensigne not able to helpe himselfe his Camerades loving him dearely and the more for his noble sufferance they helpt him off from the crueltie of his enemies to preserve his life for a better occasion who by Gods providence was miraculously healed having lost a great part of his shoulder a wonder in an age such wounds to be cured The twenty-one Dutie discharged at Copemanhagen where the Regiment was completed againe with the Recreut AS all things are preserved by a glorious order so his Majestie after his retreate beginneth againe to make up the body of an Armie to be setled all Winter in quarters within Denmark that against the Spring he might either beate the enemy out of Holsten or otherwise with his sword in his hand make an honourable peace after which resolution taken there was order sent to my Colonell to bring his Regiment to the fields and to reforme the weake Companies that have no Recreut brought over and to strengthen the rest of the Companies till the Regiment was made complete Sir Patrick Mac-Gey having stayd in Scotland his Company was cashier'd and Captaine Annans also in place whereof the Colonell did get from his Majestie two Companies that were sent over by Colonell Sinclaire viz. Captaine George Stewart and Captaine Francis Trafford which were both joyned to the Regiment The Lord of Fowles having leavied a Company in Scotland joyned also to the Regiment Iohn Sinclaire was made Captaine Lievetenant to the Colonels Company Lievetenant Stewart being married having stayd in Scotland with his wife his place was given to Eye Mac-Key and William Brumfield was made Ensigne to Captaine Mac-Kenyee The Lievetenant Colonell having quit the Regiment I succeeded to his place and his Lievetenant Andrew Stewart the Earle of Traquairs brother succeeded Captaine to the Company Ensigne Seaton being made Lievetenant the Captaines brother William Stewart was made Ensigne Tullough his Company was recreâ—ted and was full by his old Officers Beaton and Iohnson Iohn Monro his Company being recreuted long David Monro was made Lievetenant and long William Stewart Ensigne Captaine Monro of Obstell his Company being complete William Carre was made Lievetenant and Hector Monro Ensigne The Regiment thus complete was mustred and received a moneths meanes together with a reckoning of their by-past rests with an assignation on his Majestie of great Britaine for the payment of the moneys The Regiment thus contented the Colonell Captaine Monro of Obstell and Captaine Mac-Key returning for Britaine the Regiment being left under my command was directed to winter Garrisons as followeth The Colonels Company commanded by Iohn Sinclaire as Captaine Iohn Ennis Lievetenant and William Mac-Kenyee Ensigne were quartered in Langland Captaine Monro of Fowles his company was sent to lie in Feamer Andrew Monro being his Lievetenant and Iohn Rhode Ensigne Captaine Monro of Obstell his company was quartered there also and the foresaid Officers Captaine Iohn Monro his company and his Officers were also quartered there Captaine Forbesse of Tullough his company and Officers were quartered in Malline in Skoneland Captaine Mac-Kenyee his company and Officers foresaid were quartered with me in Malline in Skoneland Captaine George Stewart Robert Hâ—ine Lievetenant and Iohn Sanders Ensigne were quartered in Alzenburgh Captaine Francis Trafford his company being Welsh with his Officers were quartered in a Dorpe in Skoneland Captaine Andrew Stewart his company and Officers were quartered in London in Skoneland My company which was Lermonds with the Officers did lie in Garrison in Luckstad in Holsten The Officers that were reformed went to seeke their employments viz. Captaine Sanders Hay went to Sweden and was made Major to Sir Patricke Ruthven in Spruce Patricke Dumbarre was made Captaine to a Company of Danes Souldiers There happened also a mis-fortune this Winter in Feamer where Lievetenant Andrew Monro a valourous young Gentleman was killed in Combate by a Dutch called Ranso and Lievetenant William Mac-Key succeeded in his place being made Lievetenant to Fowles when William Gunne was preferred by me as Ensigne to the Colonells Company the rest of the Garrisons lay in quiet all Winter during which time his Majesties Commissioners lay at Lubeck treating for a peace with the Emperour The twenty-one Observation IN the Firmament we see all things are preserved by a glorious order the Sunne hath his appointed circuite the Moone her constant change and every planet and Starre their proper course and place the Earth also hath her unstirred stations the Sea is confined in limits and in his ebbing and flowing dances as it were after the influence and aspect of the Moone whereby it is kept from putrefaction and by strugling with it selfe from over flowing the land So that in this world order is the life of Kingdoms Honours Artes for by the excellency of it all things florish and thrive and therefore we see that this order is requisite to be observed in nothing more than in military discipline being the life of it Regiments then maintained in good order the Army can be but well ordered and the Army well ordered the King and country cannot but stand
both in peace and warre for seldome we see any goodnesse in the refusing to obey good orders And we heare ordinarily that one bad voice puts twenty out of tune and that it is the chiefe property of a good Souldier first to learne to obey well in keeping of good order and then doubtlesse in time being advanced he cannot but command well so that here in ordering of this as in all things we see vicissitudes and alterations some Regiments made up and continue in florishing order other Regiments reduced taking an end as occasion and accidents of warre doe happen Spynies Regiment was reduced and my Lord of Rhees Regiment is made up againe Where we see that as vicissitude maintaines the world even so concord is a great meanes of continuance as discord is too often of discontinuance and ruine Likewise we see that no estate is free from mutability and change which is the great Lord of the World who will be adored and followed as soone as order doth faile but where order is kept and concord as in this Regiment change hath no place to ruine though well to alter for order was so kept by this Regiment like to brave Souldiers who in a running skirmish come up discharge fall off flie and yet reinforce themselves againe having kept order in their proceedings which though now she admits of some change being reinforced againe and joyned together with the chaine of love and respect she admits of no confusion or ruine but is ready againe with her brave Souldiers being reinforced in a strong body to make head unto their enemies one day to be revenged of their former losses as God willing shall be cleered in the sequell of my discharge of dueties and observations of this new reformed body of the old Regiment My cozen Lievetenant Andrew Monro being killed in combat I have more then reason to condemne and disallow of that miserable sort of fight where oftimes the victorious puts himselfe in a worse case both of soule and body than he that is killed Yet this kinde of fighting hand to hand called Monomachia hath bin much practised both amongst Pagans and Christians even amongst all Nations as it is yet Of old it did serve for proofe of things hidden being in one rancke with the burning iron and scalding water to the end men might discerne the innocent from the guilty this kinde of violence of proofe was so common that Fronton King of Denmark made a law as reports the Saxon history that all differences whatsoever should be decided by the combat and Leoden reports that yet to this day they observe the same in Muscove But wise men finding this custome deceivable in deciding the truth and so uncertaine that many times the innocent doth succumbe and therefore it was forbidden by the civill and canon law as is evident by severall ancient constitutions inserted in the Decretalls Notwithstanding whereof amongst the Romans it became so common as to be thought but a sport which made the name of fighters esteemed of amongst the Romans as we reade in the Cod. Titulo de gladiatoribus and therefore this custome being displeasing unto the Emperour Instinian he commanded all should be subject unto the Iudge and said that valour without justice was not to be allowed of This combat betwixt those two was well fought of both in presence of many witnesses where it was thought that the Dutch-man was hard so that a sword could neither pierce him nor cut him This fashion of fighting is so common that we neede not illustrate it by examples of Histories either ancient or moderne but who so would satisfie their curiosity in this point let them but reade Preasack his Cleander 2 story well worth the reading And truely dayly experience teacheth us as in this accident that the end of combats doth shew often that he who appeales often times doth receive the reward of his temerite which might be cleâ—red by many examples amongst the ancients We have one very notable written by Quintus Curtius where Dioxippus the Athenian that brave fighter being all naked and smered over with oyle as the fashion was then with a hat of flowers on his head carrying about his left Arme a red sleeve and in the right hand a great batton of hard greene timber durst enter in combat against Horrat Macedonian carrying on his left Arme a bucler of brasse and a short pike in the right hand a jacdart-staffe as we terme it or something like it and a sword by his side at their approaching Dioxippus with a nimble slight and a pâ—etty cunning shift of his body eschewed the stabbe or thrust of the staffe and before the Macedonian could have wielded the Pike the other doth breake it in two with his cudgell and quickly closing with his adversary gives him such a knocke on the shinnes that he fell to the ground his heeles above his head tooke his sword from him and would have kill'd him with his batton had not the King saved him Thus much of combats which for my part though I cannot allow of neverthelesse I should be loath to refuse to fight in a just quarrell but would rather referre the successe to God to determine of then to let that be called in question which is dearest unto me The twenty-second Dutie discharged being the last under his Maiesties service of Denmarke of our expedition by water unto Holsten HIs Majesty being resolved in Aprill 1629 with his sword in his hand to conclude a settled and a sure peace with the Emperour or otherwise to free Holsten and Yewtland from the tyranny of the Emperiall Army and to that effect his Majesty did gather his forces together to a head in Denmark where they were to be shipp't for landing at Angle in Holsten so that orders were given to me his Majesty having provided shipping to transport our Regiment from all quarters and to meete at Angle Before our parting Captaine Forbesse of Tullough and Captaine Andrew Stewarts Companies were put on warre ships to lie before Wismar I having shipped with the rest of the Regiment we sailed unto Holâ—ten and landed at Angle where the Regiment being come together we were one thousand foure hundred strong besides Officers and having lyen at Angle till the peace was concluded his Majesty did thanke off or dismisse his Army save a few number that was kept a moneth longer till the enemy had marched out of the country we being discharged of service and having gotten our honourable passes we were directed by his Majesty to the Rex-marshall toward Fuâ—eland with orders from his Majesty that he should reckon with us and give us contentment accordingly The reckoning made we were forced to accept of two parts and to discharge the whole having made no reckoning but for us who were present leaving our Colonell being absent to make his owne reckoning thereafter with his Majesty Likewise his Majesty did give orders to the Rex-marshall to provide shipping and victuall for
were both broken and they being feeble fellowes they lost courage thus under the mercy of the raging Seas and waves going higher then the Mastes over the ship sides wee patiently attended the Lords mercy with prayers till One of the clocke the next day during which time I forced the Mariners and Souldiers that could best worke having cut the Masts and the ends of the Crosse yards with Deales and the Deckes of the ship to make a floatâ— being made it was tyed to the ship within with Towes hanging at it which the waves could carry ashoare the floate thus ready with strength of men was let downe by the Ships side whereon foure of the most couragious Souldiers did adventure to goe some Boores a shoare having got hold of the Towes that were bound to the Floate with the helpe of the waves drawe the Float ashoare and being drawne backe to the ship wee did continue in this manner ferrying out our souldiers till at last the most part were landed who being landed sought along the Coast and finding a Boate did bring it with Horses on a Waggon whereof wee made use in landing the rest of our souldiers whereof I remayned the last till I saw our Armes landed But our Amunition and Baggage being lost we were in a pitifull feare being neere unto our Enemies and above Twenty Dutch miles from his Majesties Army bâ—ing without fixe Armes and lacking Amunition wee had nothing to defend us but Swords and Pikes and some wet Muskets the enemy being neere our resolution behoved to be short where having learned of the Boores how neere the Enemy was unto us I suffered none to goe from us lest we might be discovered to our enemies After advisement I sent Captaine Bullion with a Guide to the Captaine of the Castle of Rougenvalde belonging to the Duke of Pomerne offering if hee would furnish us some fixe Muskeâ—s with some dry Amunition and Bullets wee would cut off the Enemy that lay in the Town and defend Town and Castle from the enemy for his Majesty till such time as his majesty might relieve us the proposition so pleased the Captaine that hee gave way to my suite and withall hee for feare of such suspition goes unto the Countrey having sent a Gentleman with Amunition to me to convey me a secret way unto the Castle where I should receive Fifty muskets my Captaine retiring to me with the Gentleman and Amunition I marched till I came safe to the Castle and then from the Castle falling on the Towne with commanded Musketiers under the command of Captaine Bullion I stayed my selfe with the reserve my folkes entering the Towne the Enemy a lost drew to Armes thus service begun my partie being strongest some of the enemy shot the rest got quarters and mercy our Watch duely set the Keyes of the Towne and Castle being delivered unto me my greatest care was then how to put our selves in safety against our Enemies being at Colberge within seven miles of us I begun to learne from those on the Castle what pâ—sses did lye betwixt us and Colberge I was told of a little River did lye two miles from us which was not passable but at one Bridge where I went to Recognosce and finding it was so I caused them to breake off the Bridge where I did appoint a company of Boores with Armes and Horses by them to watch the passe and if in case the enemy should pursue them they had Orders from me to defend the passe so long as they could commanding them also at the first sight of the Enemy to advertise me wherby they might be supplyed and I put on my Guard Being retyred from the passe immediately I did send a Boore on Horsebacke in the night to acquaint his Majesty of Sweden the Army then â—ying at Statine twenty Dutch miles from us with the manner of our hard landing and of our happy successe after landing as likewise disiring to know his Majesties will how I should behave my selfe in those Quarters the Enemy being strong and I very weake his Majesty returned for resolution unto me that I should doe my best to fortifie and beset the passes that were betwixt me and the Enemy and to keepe good watch and good order over the Soldiers and not to suffer them to wrong the Country people whom I should presse to keepe for my Friends This Order being come I begun with the Country Boores first to fortifie the Passages without me and next to make Skonces and Redoubts without the Towne as also to repaire the Fortifications about the Castle and in cleansing of the Mote that it might be deeper of water the other parts also without me I brought under Contribution to his Majestie by sending parties of Dâ—agoniers athwart the Country in Hinder Pomerne betwixt me and Dantsicke being twenty Dutch mile in length which all in short time I did bring under contribution to his Majesty As also the Enemy having had a Magazin of Corne at Rougenvalde and Stolpe by our landing here was made good for his Majesties use and his Army Being thus busied for a few dayes another ship of the same Fleet being long beaten with the tempest at Sea at last was forced for scâ—rcâ—ty of victuâ—ls to Anker on the same Coast being foure hundred men of Colonel Fretz Rosse his Regiment of Dutch his Lieutenant Colonell called Tisme Howsne did come ashore intreating me to supply him with victuals which I did In the meane time he asked my advice if he might land his Soldiers there I told â—im I had no counsell to give him seeing there was no necessity of 〈◊〉 landing and which was more his Orders were to land at another part so that he had to advise whether he should follow his Orders or for second respects if hee might neglect his Orders so that on all hasards he lâ—nded his people also which were quartered with me in the Towne Shortly after he would contest with me for command which bred a coldnesse betwixt us Whereupon I again advertised his Majestie of our difference desiring his Majesty might dispose of the Command his Majesty offended with the other did send an absolute warrant unto me to command him and the whole Garrison at my pleasure for the well of his Majesties service during our being there where we remained nine weekes fighting and skirmishing with the enemie till Sir Iohn Hepburne with his Regiment was sent by his Excellence the Rex Chancellor from Spruce to relieve us The First Observation HAving thus by the providence of God happily landed againe on the faire fertill and spacious Continent of Dutchland with a handfull of old experimented Soldiers able to endure all misery toile or travell being valourous to undertake any perill or danger they were to be commanded upon being led by such a Generall as GUSTAVUS the Invincible their new Master was under whose command and conduct as their supreame Leader and me as his Majesties and my Colonels inferiour Officer they
marched from the Coast of Pomerne out of Rougenvalde through Dutchland unto the foot of the Alpes in Schawbland This City of Rougenvalde in Pomerne lyes midway betwixt Dantsicke and Stâ—tine bâ—ing alike disâ—ant twenty Dutch mile from both and is a pleasant â—eâ—tâ— being one of the Duke of Pomerne his chiefe Residence not distant above one English mile from the Sea it doth abound in Corne Fruit and store Cattell Horses of good breed Fishponds and Pâ—rkes for Deere and pastorage whereof it hath enough where we were nâ—bly entertained and kindly wâ—lcommed of the inhabitants especially of the Câ—ptaine and his civill Bed-fellow to whom under God we were beholden for our safeties the Remembrance whereof we ate bound never to forget Here I did remarke as wonderfull that in the very moment when our ship did breake on ground there was a Sergeants Wife a shipboard who without the hâ—lpe of any women was delivered of a Boy which all thâ— time of the tempest she carefully did preserve and being come ashore the next day she marched neere foure English mile with that in her Armes which was in her Belly the night before and was Christened the next Sunday after Sermon being the day of our thankesgiving for our Deliverance our Preacher Mr. Murdow Mac-kenyee a worthy and Religious yong man having discharged his part that day after with much regrate did sever from us and followed my Lord of Rhee our Colonell unto Britaine Being thus escaped from danger of sea and from our enemies I did keepe the Soldiers ever exercised in watching in working in parties against our enemies lest that resting from Hostile employment they should become seditious immodest and turbulent and to this effect when they were not employed in parties against the enemies I sent them by parties in the Country on Militarie execution to bring the possessors under Contribution to his Majesty making them hate and renounce the Emperialists whom formerly they were forced to obey so that by this meanes the Country was brought into subjectiâ—n to the King and my Soldiers were put under as good discipline and command as any served his Majesty which discipline made their contiâ—uâ—â—ce the longer in the service where it was rare to finde one Regiment in an Aâ—mie that did change so many Officers as they did in foure yeâ—res as the Observations on their duties will cleare to the world in despight of their Envâ—ers whatsoâ—ver But I hope no worthy spirit or Heroicke minde will thinkâ— an evill thought of the vertuous We mâ—y see here that in the greatest extremities both Officers and Soldiers have greatest need of Courage and Resolution For nothing should seeme hard to daring men that are of courage which never doth beget but the opinion and censure of vertue For we see at this time that to dare was the beginning of victory being better to hazard to save our selves and others then to be the instrument to lose us all by flying as some of our Officers advised me at our landing to march backe to Dantsicke which if we had the enemy getting intelligence he could with ease overtake us and cut us all off as he did some yeeres before cut off in the same Country three Regiments of Dutch who were going to serve his Majesty against the Pole Here also I found by experience that the stedfast and invincible vigour of the minde rising against crosses doth helpe much especially where necessity reqâ—ireth such resolution For being in the greatest extremity of danger resolving with God I thought as my safest course to bide Gods leysure I sate on the Gallerie of the ship being assured it would be the last part that would remaine together of the whole and being so neere land I was never dejected and cast downe nor did I doubt of our safe landing seeing we had victuals and were in hope the storme would not continue being in the middest of August Here we may see by this Christian advertisement that no part of our life is exempted or freed from griefe or sorrow But on the contrary we are exposed to all kinde of miseries and troubles so that we see that children doe sucke with the milke of their Nurses certaine beginnings of the evill to come our misery growing as doth our age and we see it true for the godly they sigh and groane under the burthen of their adversities having no comfort they can enjoy but out of the written word of God a fruit whereof the wicked hath no part Therefore they sayd well who said that Philosophicall precepts were not so powerfull to heale the wounds of the soule as are those of the word of God Men of our profession ought ever to be well prepared having death ever before their Eyes they ought to be the more familiar with God that they might be ever ready to embrace it not caring a rush for it when it came doing good while they may For now we flourish in an instant we wither like Grasse now we stand presently we fall our life carrying with it when we received it the seed of death and that which did begin our life doth open the doore to it to goe away For in our birth our end did hang at our beginning and according to the custome of that worthy Emperour our actions should be ever before our eyes as if presently we were to appeare in Iudgment before the Eternall our God and that cry should never depart out of our eares cryed unto Philip King of Macedon Philippe memento mori Philip remember thou must die For man shall never behave himselfe as he ought in this World except at all times he have death before his eyes thinking on the houre and moment of his departure alwayes contemning the Exteriour things of this World giving himselfe unto the inward cogitations that doe profit the soule and the life thereof rejoycing beyond all things in the Tâ—stimony of a good Conscience The second Dutie discharged of our march from Rougenvalde to Colberg and from thence to Shivel-beane and of our service there SIr Iohn Hepburne being sent with his Regiment from Spruce to relieve us I was ordained with my Folks to march before Colberge where Generall Major Kniphowsen did command in the Blockering thereof which I did and being come there a Poaste was assigned for us to watch at In the meane time the Generall Major getting intelligence that the enemies Army lying at Gartts and Griffinhawgen on the Oder had intention to relieve Colberge and so being in his march he must needs passe by the Towne and Castle of Shevelbeane in the Marke being a passe distant but five miles from Colberge he thought expedient to Recognosce the place by sending of Colonell Hepburne thither with a Troope of Horsemen for his guard and convoy who having seene the place advised Kniphowsen to beset it with a Garrison being of consequence to hold up the Enemy if he should march thereon with the Army whereupon I was made choise of
our Body is the better guarded by good intelligence Thirdly by this meanes wee can the better provide our Army with thinges necessary Fourthly the passages without being kept they being next the Enemy wee can have the more timely advertisement of our enemies designes so soone as they are hatched This Cavaliere Kniphowsen though hee was unfortunate he had both the Theorie and Practick befitting a Commander whom once I did heare say that one Ounce of good Fortune was to be preferred before a Pound weight of Wit which hee knew well by his owne experience and to my knowledge though hee was unfortunate himselfe yet Cavalieres under his command could learne by him much good order and discipline And though in his life-time hee loved not our Country-men Neverthelesse for the love I carried to his vertues I would not omit to make mention of his worth No feare of danger or death can be an excuse to a man to serve the Publique in his calling Before I was commanded to enter this Towne the Infection was great yet none of us did forbeare to converse with the Sicke though daily examples of mortality were frequent amongst us for on our Watches wee knew not the cleane from the foule Neverthelesse it behoved us all to passe on our duties as wee were commanded and though I know no reason for it fewer Souldiers dyed of the infection than Burgers Yet one rare Sparke being a resolute â—ix Souldier with a Musket as ever I commanded dyed here of the Pest called Andrew Monro who being but Eighteene yeares of age though little of stature no toyle nor travell could overset him and as hee was stoute so he was merry and sociable without offence such another was his Cozen Iohn Monro Kilternies grand-child who dyed of a burning Feaver being alive without feare before his Enemy and of a merry and quicke disposition I made onely mention of their names because they lived vertuously and dyed with farre more credit then if they had dyed at home where their names had never bin recorded for their worth and vertues It is the duty of a Commander to whom a Frontier Garrison is put in trust timely to fore-see all wants and defects about the place hee is trusted with as to repaire the workes to provide it with victuals with powder with Ball Match and Armes for it were not good hee had his materials to seeke when hee is resolved to begin his worke Likewise his workmen if they bee not sufficiently furnished before-hand he will be forced to dismisse them before his worke be credibly ended his over-seers must be also good and diligent otherwise there may bee too many crevises in their building and he himselfe must give good example in overseeing all and in fore-seeing of all inconveniences not trusting unto others to discharge those duties hee is bound to discharge himselfe and in â—ase of extremity of danger hee must ever bee the first himselfe to looke unto it and the last in comming from it otherwise hee can neither maintaine the place nor his credit Hee must also be very modest and secret in not revealing the dangers hee fore-sees but be amending of them for feare to discourage others Likewise wee see here that it is alike with a Commander keeping a strength sometimes as it is with a body whereof some members are infected with a Canker that to preserve the body they must resolve to lose a member as it was with us at this time being forced to burne a part of the Towne to preserve the rest and our selves otherwise all must have beene lost But God favouring us by the winde that obeyeth when hee commandeth and the Element of the Fire also supplying the defect wee had of Water in our Graffe being but dry on that side wee were guarded with fire in stead of water and that bravely The Enemy being gone wee preserved the rest of the Towne in quenshing the fire Here also wee may see the benefit we reape when Frontier Garrisons are well beset if the Enemy fall into our Land as wee are able to affront him in his comming so in his going taking alwayes Prisoners of him and this is the right use of Strengths that when wee suffer losses in the Fields wee have time to draw breath againe our Garrisons being well beset as was sâ—ene in the Peace made betweene the King of Denmarke and the Emperour For if his Majesty of Denmarke had not built Luckstad on the Elve hee had hardly recovered Holsten againe even so this Garrison being set here gave time by the holding up of the Enemy to his Majesties Forces that were come from Statiâ— to bee before the enemy at Colberge for if they had fought better I had observed the more The third Dutie discharged of our March to Prymhaussen neere Stargard and from thence to Statin BEeing recalled from Shevelben wee joyned with the Felt-Marshall Horne at Griffinberg taking our march towards Prymhaussen a great Dorpe neere Stargard his Majesty being then at Colnoe drawing his Forces together hee intended to try the Enemy before Winter having met with the most part of his Forces at Prymhaussen the word was spred his Majesty had dealt out winter Quarters to move the enemie to doe the like that they drawing to Quarters his Majesties Armie being together they might take advantage of the Enemy being setled in their Quarters Wee having stayed with the Felt-Marshall till the Colonell went for Scotland accompanied with Major Monro Capraine Francis Sinclaire Master Hugh Mowat and Lieutenant Barrie they being gone his Majesty commanded I should march to Statin and joyne with the Regiment and to receive Orders from Generall Major Lesley beeing Commandant for the time where by the way at Colnoe I did speake with his Majesty who told mee hee was to preferre Captaine Bullion being one of my Captaines then to be Generall quarter Master to Horse As also shewed to me that hee had imployed my Colonell for new leavies and therefore he had recalled mee to remaine with the Regiment in his absence recommending unto me diligence in keeping good Discipline and in defending of the Postâ—s which should bee intrusted to our watching seeing wee were to watch on Here Tyvell his Poste Thus his Majesties admonitions received I was dismissed to continue our march to Statiâ— where wee being no sooner arrived but Generall Major Lesly appointed me my Quarters and Poste to watch at The next day his Majesty directed Captaine Dumaine to mee with an Order under his Majesties Hand and Seale to place him Captaine over Bullion's Company The Order I reverently received and appointed the Cavalâ—ere the next day in the afternoone to come to mee â—eeing the next morning I was to ride to his Majesty being loath his Maiesty should diminish my priviledge having the freedome by his Majesties capitulation to place the Officers of the Regiment as they were vacant and not his Majesty having once disposed of that priviledge Being come to Colnoe I moved Sir
glasse that sometimes a vaine and idle brute was enough to ruine them and to breake them like the bricklest glasse that is His Majesties further diligence after the intaking of Brandenburg we see he giving neither time nor leasure to the neerest Garrisons that were at hand to resolve what they had to doe for one strength was no sooner taken but incontinent the commanded Musketiers and horsemen were presently closing up the passages of the rest before they could either retire or send for supply And so being long sleeping in a carelesse securitie some of them were taken before they could bee prepared for to fight or to take about their ports or bridges so farre were they out of use with hunting and making good cheere that they were surprized inter pocula having regarded their bellies more then their credits Where I did see the saying of the Prophet cleered that saith Men doe annoy themselves in gathering goods and cannot tell who shall enjoy them For I thinke the Italians never minded that the riches which they gathered in Pomeren should be suddenly transported from the Sunne unto the Northerne cragges and cliffes of Sweden being led by the Lyon of the North the Invincible King of Sweden of never dying memory The fifth Dutie discharged of the Intaking of Dameine by Accord GEnerall Major Kniphowsen being come with a supply of horse and foote to our Army at Letts and being joyned with us his Majestie did give him orders to desire from the Colonells of all Regiments of foote and horse according to a Swedens custome used at such times the List of their marching men and of their sicke the Lists being severally given our Army did effectivè consist of fifteene thousand men of foote and horse able to fight The next morning every Regiment of foote according to custome was commanded to have a competent number of Cannon baskets ready made to be transported the next day on Waggons before Dameine which we were to beleaguer Therefore this preparation was made before hand for the Batteries the wood being scarce and farre from thence The fourteenth of Februarie we did breake up horse and foote and marched towards Dameine from Letts our horsemen were directed to lie without us on both sides of the Towne alike so that the Towne could get no supply without they would first beate our horsemen and next our foote His Majestie remaining with the Infantry as his choice we incamped on a hill and about it within Cannon shot of the Towne being our best Quarters in the extremitie of the cold without house or shelter to defend us from the winde At our first drawing up in battell a worthy Gentleman called Robert Rosse one of our Regiment was kill'd with the Cannon being blowing of Tobacco before the Regiment died instantly and was transported to Letts where he was honourably buried in the Church whose last words were worth the noteing saying Lord receive my Soule His Majestie having first disposed of the Horsemen in giving them their directions the foote was standing in battell under the mercy of the Cannon behinde this hill for two houres while his Majestie was in viewing and recognoscing both Towne and Castle which done the Guards were commanded forth to their severall Posts to the Artillerie and to his Majesties baggage then his Majestie directed Generall Major Kniphowsen and his Forces with the thousand commanded Musketiers to take in the passage that went to the Castle on which service was commanded Here Tivell his Lievetenant Colonell called who commanded the partie under whom was with the commanded men of our Regiment Lievetenant George Heatly the service beginning hot on both sides striving for the passe the Lievtenant Colonell was killed At which time Lievetenant Heatly being shot notwithstanding behaved himselfe valourously being the first with his Muskâ—tiers that cleered the passe from the enemy in making them give ground he possessed the mill on the other side of the passe till the rest of the commanded Musketiers did follow the enemy to the Castle where Knip-howsen with his Forces did advance the passe being free His Majestie having given Orders where the Batteries should be made giving Generall Banier charge to attend the Armie as it begunne to grow darke his Majestie accompanied by Colonell Tivell went to appoint the place where the approaches should beginne where the Guards should be kept that were to guard the workmen in case of an out-fall where presently both the Guards and the men that should worke were commanded forth with sufficient Officers to oversee them Likewise there were men commanded from every Regiment proportionably for making the Batteries and a strong Guard was appointed to guard the Cannon against an out-fall others were commanded from every Regiment to make more Cannon Baskets and the Furiers with Convoyes were ordained to returne to Letts for bringing of Proviant to every Regiment This all orderly done he that had meate in his Knapsacke being free of dutie could invite his Camerade to supper and make merry till he were commanded on dutie himselfe where divers did eate that were not sicke on the morrow The enemy perceiving the next morning the Guards by the approaches saluted them with Cannon and Musket and were saluted againe though not so kindly as friends doe one anoâ—her The service continued the whole day his Majestie oft visiâ—ing the Castle being hardest prest as of most consequence for the Castle once wonne the Towne could not hold out Vpon the Castle were seaven Companies of Colonell Holks Regiment who fearing to be blowne up by a Mine entred in treatie and were content to take service under his Majestie and to render their Colours which immediatly was agreed upon and their Colours brought to be planted and spred on our Batteries as tokens of his Majesties victory The Cannon in the meane time from our Batteries thundring till night on their workes they begunne to be discouraged finding the Castle was given over they were out of hopes to maintaine the Towne longer The next morning Captaine Beaton of our Regiment having the guard in the Trenches the enemy falling out strong the Dutch retired and gave ground while our folke maintained their Poast valiantly in sight of his Majesty who commanded Generall Bannier with some Musketiers of Here-Tyvells Regiment and ours led on by Major Potley an English Cavalier of good worth to second the Guards and to beate backe the enemy in plaine champagne Generall Bannier advanced the enemy playing hard with cannon on them Notwithstanding whereof entering the skirmish the enemy was beate backe not without great losse on both sides where I cannot but commend Bannier his carriage being in sight of his King as his Majesty did commend our Nation for their good behaviour and charity for a Captaine of Banniers Regiment being left for dead on the field his countrimen for feare refusing to bring him off he was voluntarily brought off by our countrimen to their great praise who after disdaining his Camerades and
who are to be pittied that undertake to leade others being ignorant themselves but this wise Generall at this time did not only order his Army as he would have them to stand in Battaile but also knowing the gifts and severall parts his chiefe Officers of the field were indued with he disposeth of them in appointing such places for them in fighting against their enemies as did best befit their vertues which all he knew before hand partly by his owne experience and partly by enquiring of others their qualities and vertues Secundo his Majesty doth forecast with himselfe what the enemy being strong might intend against him and accordingly he fore-saw wisely how to prevent him in dividing his Army by sending the Felt-marshall on the one side of the Oder with a part of his Army going himselfe on the other leaving the bridge and passage at Swede well fortified and beset with Souldiers to the end that which of both Armies might be constrained to retire over the bridge being safe might then conveniently joyne with the other As his Majesty was wise in fore-seeing what might happen he was also diligent in taking time of his enemies on the sudden before they could come together so that after this victory obtained his Majesty did not only get elbow roome by the enemies removing over the Elve and the Oder but also he did gaine time to settle his affaires with the Princes for those who would not before this victory scarce keepe correspondence with his Majesty afterwards his Majesty having freed their country from their enemies they were then content to intreate for his friendship by their Ambassadours and he like to a cunning gamster taking the Ball at the right rebound embraced their friendship and confederacy having bound them up in a more strict manner then before tilâ— in th' end they were forced to dance after his pipe Here likewise I did observâ— â—hat it 〈…〉 good to trust too much unto our owne strength as our 〈◊〉 did 〈◊〉 at their banqueting and inter pocula before that the stoâ—me wen◠〈…〉 hearing the noyse of our Cannon they fell a laughing as wondâ—ing 〈…〉 Sâ—â—dens meant thought they to fly over the walles and granting he could 〈◊〉 were they not so strong as he Many more idle discourses they hâ—d 〈◊〉 themselves in their pride boasting of their strength and coâ—rage not setting God before them they disdained and contemned their 〈◊〉 but suddenly in an instant they found their owne follies beâ—â—g brought unto feare and astonishment so that at last their wits confoâ—â—ded and consequently their actions confused and their enemies though weake instruments by the power of the God of Armies were made strong and couragious for punishing them in repaying of their former Barbarity and cruelty used by them at new Brandenburg where we see the lord repayeth their wickednesse when they least expected Tiffenbacke the Felt-marshall was much to blame for his command being so strong within the Towne as we were without that he did not adventure to fight us in the fields or at least to have tried our conduct and valour with a strong party his not daring to adventure with us made us the more couragious and resolute to seeke him though with disadvantage having once found him to be a timorous enemy keeping himselfe close within walles for we know well the greater his strength was within if once we entred his confusion would be the greater for a multitude within a strength especially horsemen many servants and baggage breede ever confusion for avoiding whereof the Governour had the more reason to have tried us in the fields whereby he had encouraged his Garrison who seeing he durst adventure to meete us without being retired they would not be afraid within walles So it is never good to resolve to be alwayes the defender but rather according to the time and circumstances sometimes to try Fortune as well by pursuing as by defending that our credit may not be called in question neither for too much slownesse nor for too much forwardnesse but still to presse for the Mediocrity being the true vertue of Fortitude without which no Souldier can attaine commendation if he doe participate of either extreames as this Felt-marshall did staying within walles Yet some I know will object that I ought rather to praise the actions of the enemy to make ours the more glorious to which I answer ours at all times as here were so splendid that no Lustre could be added unto them our Leader Gustavus being Illustrissimus himselfe and the favourite of Fortune to whom all things succeeded fortunatly by taking of time the most pretious of all things especially in warres which sometimes helpes as much as vertue it selfe The forwardnesse and courage of Major Iohn Sinclaire and of his Colleague Lievetenant Heatlie is not to be over-past they being the first gave good example to enter this Towne in going over the walles with ladders with a weake party of fifty musketiers that ventured to follow them which were hardly received by the enemies horsemen neverthelesse they valorously defended themselves and made their enemies to retire with losse so that as my intention here is not to over-praise my friends vertue I would not on the other part be silent in giving them their due answerable to their merits and no more We see also by experience dayly that at all times as here no man ever served God for nought who rewardeth men though not through merit in respect of his God-head of whom we can merit nothing yet of his infinit bounty is ever ready to reward them truely that doe serve him his Majesty with his Army having served God in the morning at night he was made victorious over his enemies And that his Majesty in the afternoone on the Sabboth pursued his enemies there was a necessity in it Generall Tillies Army being on their march for the reliefe of the Towne his Majesty was forced to take the opportunity of time which once being past doth never returne Here we may see the evill that feare bringeth within a City or Strength causing disorder and confusion but if all those within this Towne had stood to their defenâ—e â—as Lievetenant Colonell Butler did and the Irish Francford had noâ— bin taâ—en Therefore when resistance is not made as it ought to be the victory is easily attained for nothing encourageth more then good example Et contra And I did observe here that no nation esteemed good Souldiers are 〈…〉 Dutch in maintaining a storme or in extremity of danger 〈◊〉 being otherwise good Souldiers for obedience to command in watches marcheâ— working about workes and in doing all other dueties befitting 〈◊〉 profession being in company of others Pike-men â—eing resolute men shall be ever my choyce in going on execution as also in retiring honourably with disadvantage from an enemy especially against horsemen and we see oftimes as we found here that when musketiers doe disbandon of greedinesse to make booty the worthy pike-men
remaine standing firme with their Officers guarding them and their Colours as being worthy the glorious name of brave Souldiers preferring vertue before the love of gold that vanisheth while vertue remaineth This vice of avarice is alike common to the superiour Officer and to the inferiour Souldier which oftimes makes the superiour to be despised as well by the common Souldier as by his betters And therefore publique imployments of command should never be given to such greedy persons for as sparing in a private person is commendable being done without hurt to another even so the vertue of liberality is due to him that is publiquely imployed as also he ought to have splendor in his carriage and not to give evill example to others his inferiours if once he be honoured with command in leading of others I must then againe condemne this kinde of avarice that makes men for booty abandon their Colours and their duety they being the cause oftimes of the overthrow of their worthy Camerades standing to fight when they were employed in making of booty for which many time they are contemned and their money taken from them by the multitude with disgrace and danger of their lives for though sometimes they make booty they have not the fortune to enjoy it one quarter of an houre thanking God to be rid of it with their lives though not with their credits It is the duety of valiant Commanders and of brave Souldiers when ever fire entreth into a City strength or Leager suddenly with their Armes to repaire to their Colours lest at such times the enemy being neere hand should be ready to take advantage but here the baser sort of Souldiers neither for obedience to his Majesties command nor for love of their Officers nor of their owne credits would stirre to attend their Colours though the enemy had shewed himselfe to pursue the City Here also the enemy was to blame for leaving provision and Amunition behinde them whose duety it was rather to destroy it by fire or water then to leave it to their enemies But we see there is no counsell against the Lord invented by man able to worke blessed be his name for ever The ninth Dutie discharged of the intaking of Laudsberg on the Wert by accord THE fifth of Aprill 1631. his Majesty having left Francford on the Oder well beset under the command of Generall Major Lesly who had direction to see the fortifications repaired as likewise Generall Bannier was left to command over the Army his Majesty having taken two and twenty hundred commanded musketiers eight hundred horsemen twelve peece of Cannon great and small with Amunition answerable with spades shovels and axes where the Colonell of the Artillery called Leonard Richardson was commanded to goe with them for to attend his charge As also Colonell Hepburne was commanded to leade the party and I was sent as Lievetenant Colonell to second him in this employment Colonell Hepburne having viewed the party and taken notice that all things were in good order commanded the party to march having had a blacke-smith that dwel't at Landsberg for our guide we continued our march the first day being come within foure miles of the Towne we quartered at a passe on the high way and the next morning breaking up we marched forwards till on the way our fore-troopes did meete with a Regiment of Crabbats where after long skirmish and losse sustained by both the parties in th' end the Colonell that led the Crabbats being deadly wounded retired to the Towne casting off all bridges behinde them which hindered us for a day The eight of Aprill we lay downe before a skonce royall built on a strong passe betwixt us and the Towne This skonce well fortified was well provided of Cannon It had also a wide Graffe of running water and a draw-bridge which was taken up at our coming and then they discharged their Cannon on us where at first there were killed some six Souldiers the night drawing on our watches set forth I was appointed by his Majesty to be Captaine of the watch being ordained to oversee the making of the Batteries As also I was commanded to set forwards our workes both for intrenching and for running our lines of approach to the skonce wherein I was so busied that the whole night I went never off my feete but from one part to another having had sundry Alarums though not of continuance His Majestie having taken quarters in the neerest Dorpe he left two Rutters to attend on me that if the â—â—emy should fall out against us incontinent one of them might be sent to acquaint his Majestie who having rested for that night coming before day to visit the workes aâ—d finding them not so farre advanced as he did expect he falls a chiding of me notwithstanding of my diligence used the whole night in keeping the Souldiers still at worke with the small number of materialls we had to worke with But no excuse though true would mitigate his passion till he had first considered on the circumstances and then he was sorry he had offended me without reason But his custome was so that he was worse to be pleased in this kinde than in any other his Commands being ever impatient when workes were not advanced to his minde and the truth is our Country Souldiers cannot endure to worke like the Dutch neither when they have taken paines can they worke so formally as others Our batteries being readie against the morning the whole day our Cannon played on the Skonce so fast as they could be charged but to no purpose the earthen wall being so thicke and so well set together that they scorned us and our Cannon both His Majestie seeing nothing to be effectuated this way resolved to try a second way by the advise of the Black-smith that knew all the passages towards the Towne notwithstanding that the whole land on that side was covered over with water This Black-smith advised his Majestie to cause a Float-bridge to be made and then setting over the water he would lead us through shallow passes where we might come behinde the Skonce cutting off their passage from the Towne and then the Skonce wanting reliefe might be ours According to this plot his Majestie commanded Lievetenant Colonell Dowbatle with two hundred and fifâ—ie Dragoniers for foote and me with two hundred and fiftie Musketiers to follow the Black-smith and to surprize the enemies Guard which being done by us we were commanded to make the place good till Colonell Hepburne with a thousand Musketiers should be sent after to second us Dowbatle and I having fortunately surprized the Guard making them retire to the Towne leaving the Skonce in our power Colonell Hepburne being advanced towards the Skonce tooke it in on accord and the Souldiers were made to take service and their Officers made prisoners In this time Dowbatle his Dragoniers having followed the enemy with hot skirmish within shot of their walles his powder being spent desired
advanced the mony wherof the English advanced no part Neverthelesse they had favor shewed unto theÌ„ in the restitution of their goods by the request of the Cavaliers who interceeded for them to his Majesty their country-men both Scots English This kinde of favour showne to Marchants by Souldiers occurres not often for sometimes the Souldiers the worst sort of them measured the packes belonging to the Marchants with the long ell and if this sort of dealing should but only happen to the churlish Marchant it were the lesse to be regarded but honest Souldiers should be ever honest in their dealings towards the rancke Merchants that have worth and discretion to respect Cavaliers being in neede and common Souldiers also as I have knowne by experience some worthy English Marchants to have done worthily in relieving the necessities of the common Souldiers of their country-men and therefore in my esteeme of all Nations for their charity they doe best merit the name of gentlemen Marchants We see also here that notwithstanding of the termes his Majesty did stand unto with the Duke of Saxon and with Tillie who might have come to have made a visit in Brandenburg his lands where our Army were laid in quarters Neverthelesse his Majesty was not afraid to leave his Army and to returne to Statin to give presence to the Russian Ambassadour and to dispatch him being alike ready to Governe the affaires of the state as he was to fight against his enemies he staied not long but having recollected his forces that were come from Sweden Spruce and Scotland giving them orders to march to old Brandenburg his Majesty getting intelligence Tillie was gone from Hessen he then begun to make the best use of the time The eleventh Duty discharged of our March to old Brandenburg THE first of Iuly the Swedens of Axellily his Regiment that lay in Barnoe and we did breake up having got orders to march to old Brandenburg being appointed then for the Generall Randevouz of our Army to come together at This Barnoe is a Towne in the Marke of Brandenburg renowned of old for brewing of good beere which during our residence there with the Swedes we did merrily try till that we had both quarrelling and swaggering amongst our selves who before our departure againe were made good friends reserving our enmity till we saw our common enemy and so we marched together following our orders towards old Brandenburg taking but easie marches being without feare of an enemy and being tied to no particular diet we tooke quarters where we found the best entertainment to be either in Dorpe or Towne Notwithstanding our easie march and good quarters there were some under both the Regiments unworthy the name of good Souldiers who in their march leaving their Colours and staying behinde did plunder and oppresse the Boores for remedy whereof the Souldiers being complained on accused and convicted they were made for punishment to suffer Gatlop where they were well whip't for their insolency Likewise on this march some of our Souldiers in their rancks their Colours flying did beate one another for which over-sight I did cashiere a Sergeant after I had cut him over the head for suffering such abuse to have beene done in his presence where such insurrection amongst Souldiers being in their armes might have brought the whole Regiment into factions where I alone was too weake for all my authority to command them asunder And therefore such faults ought ever to be suppressed at first and to be stilled by any Officer that chanceth to be neerest him who did give the first evill example Having marched three dayes the fourth we arrived at Brandenburg the Pest raging in extremity of the heate in the City we were commanded to quarter without in the fields and presently there was a certaine quantity of the workes about the Leaguer appointed for us within foure dayes to complete and make ready during which time Robert Monro Furer to Captaine Hector his Colours died of the Pest and was much regrated being a youth of good hopes Here also did dye of the plague Segeant Robert Monro Cullâ—crags sonne and Andrew Monro was executed at Statin for having contrary to his Majesties Articles and discipline of warre beaten a Burger in the night within his owne house for whose life there was much solicitation made by the Dutchesse of Pomeren and sundry noble Ladies but all in vaine yet to be lamented since divers times before he had given proofe of his valour especially at the siege of Trailesound in his Majesties service of Denmarke where he was made lame of the left arme who being young was well bred by his Parents at home and abroad in France though it was his misfortune to have suffered an examplary death for such an over-sight committed through sudden passion being Summum jus in respect that the party had forgiven the fault but the Governour being a churlish Swede would not remit the satisfaction due to his Majesty and justice The eleventh Observation THIS Regiment in nine yeeres time under his Majesty of Denmarke and in Dutch-land had ever good lucke to get good quarters where they did get much good wine and great quantity of good beere beginning first with Hamburg beere in Holsten and after that in Denmarke they had plenty of Rustocke beere and now at Barnoe and thereafter they tasted the good Calvinists beere at Serbest and our march continuing out of low Germany towards the upper Circles of the Empire as in Franconia Swabland Elsas and the Pultz they were oft merry with the fruits and juice of the best berries that grew in those Circles for to my knowledge they never suffered either penury or want I being the Leader but oftimes I did complaine and grieve at their plenty seeing they were better to be commanded when they dranke water then when they got too much beere or wine But my choice of all beeres is Serbester beere being the wholsomost for the body and cleerest from all filth or barme as their Religion is best for the soule and cleerest from the dregs of superstition Being once at dinner with the Rex Chancellor of Sweden having drunke good Seebester beere he asked me what I thought of that beere I answered it pleased my taste well he replied merrily no wonder it taste well to your palat being it is the good beere of your ill religion I asked his Excellence how the good wine on the Rhine would taste at Mentz being the good wine of a worse religion he answered he liked the wine and the beere better than both the Religions But I said to be his Excellence neighbour neare Mentz in the Paltz at Crewtsenach I would be content to keepe mine owne Religion and to drinke good Rhinish wine for my life time Nothing is more necessary on a march then to keepe good discipline without which there is no order nor feare of God amongst Officers that will suffer their Souldiers to grinde the faces of the poore by
would be allowed of by a King but according to event But his Majestie perceiving their intentions he resolved to abidâ— the enemies coming what ever might follow and instantly he gave all Officers and Commanders of Briggads charge to see their workes accomplished and finished for if the enemy would stay but three dayes he would be no more afraid of him than if he were in the strongest Island could be imagined being he was assured GOD would fight for him and with him and besides he knew he had as good Commanders and Souldiers of horse and foote as Tilly was able to bring against him and which was more he could get his Armie longer and better entertained than Tilly could get seeing he had the Country to enemy which was his Majesties friend This resolution being taken his Majestie went to visit the Leaguer being accompanied with the Marquesse of Hamilton come then from Britaine with an Armie of six thousand foote as complete as could be desired to be seene for personages of men in complete Armes being well araide and furnished of Artillery and of all things fitting for the adorning of an Armie his Majestie being exceeding glad of such a timely supply he did most heartily welcome the Marquesse by entertaining him with gracefull countenance and respect in giving him such entertainement as the time could affoord and in the interim his Majestie went along with his Excâ—llence to let him see the fortifications and preparations he had made against Tillies comming which being so neare made his Majestie after some considerable discourses had with the Marquesse concerning his Armie wherein his Majestie declared he was sorry the Marquesse with his Armie were arrived in such parts of the Country that was ruined and not able to entertaine his Excellence and his Armie with bread much lesse to be furnished with necessaries convenient for them or with such as his Majestie would willingly bestow on them if the Country or his power were able to furnish it Other private discourses they had together concerning the service that the Marquesse with his Armie was to be imployed on And his Excellence having received his Majesties instructions being both pressed by shortnesse of time his Excellence was graciously dismissed to returne to his Armie then being come upon the Oder being then the most ruined part within the Empire by reason both the Armies had laine there above a yeare before which caused that Summer both famine and plague the smart whereof his Excellence Armie suffered at their first coming where they died of the plague above two hundreth a weeke so that it was impossible for them to subsist long and the plague was so rife that his Excellence servants and family were not free Neverthelesse none can say but for the well and furtherance of the good cause they did arrive in a good time having diverted from his Majestie a great part of the enemies forces towards Silesia being more afraid of their coming than of an Armie twice stronger and the diversion thus made was a great furtherance to the joyning of his Majestie with the Duke of Saxon and consequently of his Majesties advancement in Dutchland and of his victory obtained against his enemies at Leipsigh for nothing doth more crosse the designes of a mightie enemy than to heare a forraigne supply of valiant men to come to his enemy which no doubt would force to alter his former Designes which once altered unadvisedly in haste might marre the happie event of his former Conclusions Likewise his Excellence being dismissed the Landgrave of Hessen and Duke Barnard of Wymar did come unto his Majestie with the offer of their service knowing his Majestie had gotten a supply to his Armie out of Britaine which did encourage them and the most part of the Townes of the foure upper Circles of the Empire to offer to joyne with his Majestie in confederacy having seene the appearance of the strong partie his Majestie could make being assured of the friendship and concurrence of great Britaine they were both graciously accepted of and so much the more that they were the first did hazard with a private Convoy to come to his Majestie through their enemies for which his Majestie did thanke them who the next day were dispatched to returne for advanceing of the cause in doing his Majestie good service by collecting of more forces as they did soone after They being gone the twenty-two of Iuly Generall Tilly with his mightie Armie did present himselfe before our Leaguer about two of the clocke in the after-noone and begun to salute us with thirty-two pieces of great Ordnance of their carriage discharging through and through our Leaguer till he made us to draw to our Armes and stand in Battaile horse and foote under the walles which did shelter us from his Cannon where we stood till night looking for his on-falling requiting and honouring him now and The thirteenth Observation HIS Majestie wisely made choice of a fit place for his Leaguer being commodious for transportation of victualls unto his Armie without being in danger of his enemies In like manner we see his Majesties wisedome in making his friends sure behinde him viz. the Duke of Brandenburg the Dukes of Pomeren and Machlenburg from whence his victualls and his supplies must needs come and as his Leaguer was commodious for furnishing the Armie so it was commodiously situated for defence against the enemy the one halfe or backe being naturally defended by the course of the water running by and on the other side it was defended by the Towne and by the helpe of the old Dike which easily was fortified His Majesties wisedome also was seene by keeping of his Souldiers still in Action never suffering them to be idle as a wise Generall ought to doe for either they were imployed on marches or lying still in working or in fighting by parties or in grosse as occasion offered For this Generall knew well that he was but the carrion of a man and not a man that did live idle having in a living body but a dead minde Here also I did remarke and observe Homo homini quid interest for we finde a great difference betwixt his Majesties welcoming of Tilly to Werben and the Felt-marshall Twifenbacke his welcome made to his Majestie before Francford on the Oder who never did present himselfe in the Fields though almost as strong as we were but here we finde the contrary that notwithstanding of Tillies strength being twenty-six thousand men Gustavus was not afraid to have invaded his fore-Troopes with a weake partie and did defeate them shewing unto us the difference betwixt Commanders by his owne valourous example incouraging his little Armie before the â—nemies coming he would not first meete his enemy with an Army but having strengthened his Leaguer with Baniers Forces and called in his weake Garrisons from danger and then taking all victualls out of his enemies way bringing it within his Leaguer he then armed with courage and resolution
Colonell Musten Major Monypenney Major Sinclaire and Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Monro with divers others Cavaliers of valour experience and of conduct who thereafter were suddainely advanced unto higher charges The victory being ours we incamped over night on the place of Battaile the living merry and rejoycing though without drinke at the night-wake of their dead Camerades and friends lying then on the ground in the bed of honour being glad the Lord had prolonged their dayes for to discharge the last honourable duty in burying of their Camerades Our bone-fiers were made of the enemies Amunition waggons and Pikes left for want of good fellowes to use them and all this night our brave Camerades the Saxons were making use of their heeles in flying thinking all was lost they made booty of our waggons and goods too good a recompence for Cullions that had left their Duke betrayed their country and the good cause when as strangers were hazarding their lives for their freedomes Our losse this day with the Saxons did not exceede three thousand men which for the most part were killed by the enemies Cannon of principall Officers we lost a number and chiefely our horsemen as Colonell Collenbagh Colonell Hall and Addergest and of the foote Colonells the Barron Tivell being all of them brave and valorous gentlemen we lost also foure Lievetenant Colonells together with a number of Rutmasters Captaines Lievetenants and Ensignes Of the Saxons were lost five Colonells three Lievetenant Colonells with divers Rut-masters and Captaines and of inferiours Officers many To the enemy were lost on the field neere eight thousand besides Officers of note such as the Felt-marshall Fustenberg the Duke of Holsten the Count of Shomeberg old Generall Tillie hurt and almost taken a number of other Officers of the Field were killed and taken prisoners They lost also thirty two peeces of Cannon with three score waggons of Amunition and their Generall and Papingham were chased towards Hall and from thence were forced with a small convoy to take their flight for refuge to Hamell on the Waser The sixteenth Observation FIrst then we see here the goodnesse that followes on that laudable and Christian custome used by those that doe first begin the workes of their calling with their true humiliation to God by prayers in acknowledging their sinnes and unworthinesse and in renouncing trust or confidence in any thing but in God alone knowing their owne wisdome strength and valour to be of no moment without the speciall aide and assistance of the Almighty and powerfull God who alone can teach our fingers to fight giving victory with few as with many And therefore it was that this Magnanimous and religious warriour with his whole Army publiquely did call on the Lord praying for his assistance against his enemies and for a happy event of the day before he begun to set his Army to worke against their enemies the enemies of God and the true Catholique and Apostolique faith which they had endeavoured to subvert with the professors of the truth to hold up and maintaine the man of sinne and his erronious doctrine by the power of the house of Austria and of the Catholique League We see then this duty being religiously and piously discharged by his Majesty and his Army the fruite was answerable to their desire having obtained victory over our enemies by the good command of his Majesty and the ready obedience dexterity and valour of his Majesties supreme Officers of the field who in all charges did direct those under them to the ready discharge of their duties every one of the whole united body of the Army following the example of their head and Leader the magnifick and Magnanimous King for to abate and lay downe the pride of the house of Austria and for to teare and strip naked that old proud and Ambitious Generall Tillie of his former glory and honour for having bragged and vainely gloried he had conquered two Kings before here now the Captaine of Kings and King of Captaines doth victoriously Triumph having robbed him of glory and clipped the wings of the Empire with his little Royall Army Likewise next unto God a second helpe unto this glorious victory was the great execution made by his Majesties Cannon and though ever before Tillie did pride himselfe all his life time in the course of the warres in his dexterity of his great Cannon here from a Master he was turned againe unto a prentice being cunningly over shot with Cannon so that his Cannon and three score waggons belonging thereto were taken from him by Gustavus the first and most valiant Captaine of the world with the helpe of the nation which was never conquered by any forraine enemy the invincible Scots whose prayers to God were more effectuall through Christ then theirs through the intercession of Saints The third cause of this glorious victory was his Majesties good discipline houlden over the Army horse and foote not suffering them without great and extraordinary punishment to oppresse the poore which made them cry for a blessing to his Majesty and his Army The enemy on the contrary provoked the wrath of God against themselves and their Army for their cruelty used in torturing the poore and forceing their monies from them did further their punishment and his Majesties glorious victory The fourth helpe to this victory was the plottons of Musketiers his Majesty had very wisely ordained to attend the horsemen being a great safety for them and a great prejudice to the enemy the Musket ball carrying and piercing farther then the Pistolet As also the great celerity used in charging and discharging of our small cannon brought the enemies battaiâ—e in disorder to the furtherance of this victory As also the extraordinaâ—â— care and diligence that was used by his Majesty and his Officers in seeing and foreseeing of the defects and disorders amongst our selves which being suddenly remedied was also a helpe to this victory And last of all the invincible courage and resolution both of Officers and souldiers in standing firme Notwithstanding of the fury of their enemies and which was more they were no wayes dismayed or discouraged at the flight of the Saxons but thought it their greatest glory to be victorious without them standing resolutly till they saw the backe of their enemies the undoubted tokens of their glorious victory His Majesties Army on this service as at all times might be called truely valorous for those are called valorous Captaines and holden for such that when their Camerades are flying they notably with hands voice and wounds if wounded sustaine the fight doing at once the duty of Souldiers and of Captaines by those meanes bringing backe and restoring the suspected losse unto victory for their credits For as ignorance doth easily precipitate men into danger even so to a generous heart nothing can seeme difficult or fearefull being once resolved to fall on though towards the mouth of the cannon but before resolution flesh and blood have their owne disturbances
even in the most valorous and valorous men as they feare nothing after resolution so they disdaine nothing entering upon danger Here also the resolution of our horsemen on this service was praise worthy seeing they never loosed a pistoll at the enemy till first they had discharged theirs for the enemy being fierce and furious while as ours were stout and slow the enemy was made weary when ours were fresh which made the enemy being weary and charged with a fresh succour being once set on going they followed hard their victory not giving them time to breath or recollect their forces againe till they were utterly defeated that the night and darkenesse was their best safety For I did observe here that the duty of valiant Commanders is to know not onely the nature of their enemies but also their spirit and wherein they pride them most we ought to make our best use for to deceive and out-shoote them in those same things wherein they delight and trust most unto Likewise this day I did observe that as the inticement to great travell and paines is glory and honour even so courage and constant valour may be attained unto by exercise in warre and frequenting of dangers wherein Souldiers Companies or Briggads are used with and made once familiar with that cruell and vehement horrible and terrible fellow death having seene many dead bodies before and being inured to bloud such Souldiers will stand to it and desire to fight when ignorant Novices as the Saxons were are afraid of death who seeking their safety in flying they were miserably cut downe by their enemies I did likewise observe this day that it is not the multitude doth the turne but under God it is good command good conduct art and skill in handling the weapons of our warfare and in taking the occasions in time that beget victory Therefore he that would labour an Army as Gustavus did he will finde fruite yea even the best that groweth under the Empire good Rhenish and Necker wine not onely for himselfe but for the meanest Souldier and that unto excesse which hath made me sometimes complaine more of the plenty our Souldiers had after this victory through the abuse of it then ever I did before for any penury He is therefore in my opinion farre deceived that thinkes that it is the time or number of yeares that makes a good Souldier no no it is rather the continuall meditation of exercise and practise for Souldiers should be in running not in running away as horsemen ordinarily doe But on the contrary that with the greater force they may be able to invade their enemies as our Briggad did here who seeing the enemy in confusion with their Pikes charged ranne fiercely upon them till they were beaten And surely I doe thinke no man so ignorant but knowes that more come to be good Souldiers by exercise and frequency of danger and use then by nature and he is not a man that will not sweat nor couragious that eschewes danger when hee should fight as our Camerades did the painted Souldiers the Saxons with their plumed Officers which feathers served them I thinke in their flight for tokens rather to cut them downe by than for their safeties Courage should growe by frequencie of danger the onely way in my opinion to feare nothing and then he may be called stout before the maker of a quâ—rrell at home who once drawing a sworde when he knowes of twentie Partâ—rs or Redders is there called stout but when he comes abroade to the warres at first the thundering of the Cannon and Musket roaring in his eares makes him sicke before he come neere danger as I have known some but where vertue and honour doth growe there labour exercise and danger is needfull Nam ardua difficilis virtutis est via tamen nil tam difficile est quod non solertia vincat And death it selfe is never bitter when it leaves an immortall and glorious name behind it Vivit enim post funera virtus animus moderatis laboribus adjuvatur immoderatis autem abluitur To conclude then this observation we see that as courage in warres is much worth for obtaining of victory so is the wisedome of a Generall or Leader in warres as Gustavus was of so much worth even in the obtaining of this victory that the spirit of him alone and skill in direction was better than thousands of armed men The enemy being in this Battaile neere twelve thousand men at least stronger than we yet Gustavus alone on our side was better and of more worth to us then that multitude to our enemies Wee see then here that no greater joy or pleasure can come to mortall man than to overcome his enemy by Armes and we see also that â—he event of Battaile doth not consist in number of Fighters but under God in the order and courage used in Battaile Here also we see that a good cause and a good quarrell is ever to be had if thou wouldest have victory over thine enemies and who would wish a better quarrell then we fought for this day being for the reliefe of our distressed friends and for the libertie and promotion of Christs Gospell or who would not hazard in such a quarrell especially against such enemies that had banished the daughter of our dread Soveraigne and her royall Issue from her Kingdome and Dignities O would to GOD I had once such a Leader againe to fight such an other day in this old quarrell And though I died standing I should be perswaded I died well and I wish that as wee have received the light of truth happily that fought in that quarrell even so we may happen to restore that light againe pleasantly that as wee did overcome that day our carnall enemies even so we may overcome in our last fight our spirituall enemies that after death we may be crowned with immortall Glorie The seventeenth Dutie discharged of our March from the place of Battaile towards Leipsigh HAving merrily past the night on the place of Battaile with varietie of pleasant discourses of our severall observations of the day having hunted a Foxe that was both old and craftie though hee had escaped with his life he had a torne skinne and a brused bodie and being long chased in end he got a hole to hide him in for sure he did thinke there was no long safetie for him if oft hee did but meete with such cunning hunters that had laid all passes for him to keepe him in for though at this time hee had stripped away his taile yet his traine for the most part were either taken or killed Other Discourses wee had of plentie and of want being some of us extreamely hungrie others pined with extraordinary thirst having no water neere unto us nor vessels to bring it from a farre our servants being left farre behind us who were plundred by those cowards that had fled from us who also furnished a great part of our nights
distribute the three thousand foote prisoners that were willing to take service under the Dutch Regiments Whereupon I approached unto his Majesty intreating his Majesty to consider the great losse our Regiment had sustained on all the former occasions of service that seeing we were become weake like to other Regiments Therefore his Majesty might be gratiously pleased to give order to Generall Bannier that I might have all the Britaines and Irish that were amongst the prisoners to strengthen our Regiment which his Majesty granting directed a Cavalier with me unto the Generall commanding I should have them I was overjoyed thinking to get a recreut of old Souldiers and the Cavalier having declared his Majesties will unto the Generall the Generall said with all his heart I should have them and when I had made tryall to finde out the number there were but three Irish amongst them all and being disappointed of a strong Recreut I did over-see those to follow their Camerades and being returned his Majesty asked me how I sped I told his Majesty Britaines were so farre addicted to his Majesty and the cause that few of them served the Emperour whereupon I intreated his Majesty for some Dutch but his Majesty refusing promised to put me and the Regiment alone upon an occasion where I should get not onely the prisoners but good booty also The next morning continuing our march towards Hall the most part of my folkes were commanded for the intaking of the Castle of Hall the party being commanded by the Colonell of the Artillery Captaine William Stewart Clare his brother then Captaine under our Regiment was commanded with the commanded men the Castle being taken by accord we did get fifty old Souldiers that tooke service under our Regiment His Majesty on the Sabboth day in the morning went to Church to give thankes to God for his by-past victories this church being the Bishops Cathedrall seate I did heare there sung the sweetest melodious musicke that could be heard where I did also see the most beautifull women Dutchland could affoord The next day the Duke of Saxon with a princely traine came unto Hall to congratulate his Majesties victory and was invited to sup with his Majesty where they made merry and the next day held counsell how to maintaine the warres and how they should prosecute their victory where it was concluded that his Majesty with his Army should advance towards Erford and then over Duringer Valt unto Franconia and that the Dukes Army should march unto Silezia and towards the Crantzis or Fronâ—iers of Bohemia After this conclusion his Majesty sent post unto Spruce to call the Chancellor of Sweden from thence to he at Hall as Legate for his Majesty to disburden him of the politicke affaires having burthen enough of the military employment and of the receiving and dispatching of forraine Ambassadors and till the Chancellors coming he did leave Colonell Winckle with a strong Garrison in Hall having wisely fore-seene both the way how to prosecute his victory as also to maintaine his Conquest The eighteenth Observation THIS great Army of Generall Tillies being defeated did seperate themselves in great Troopes and bands especially the foote who ought ever to stand well and fight with courage bouldly in field and not to suffer themselves to be rent though the horsemen should runne away and being they cannot runne so fast for their safeties my counsell then shall be ever to them to fight well for victory and though they should lose all hope of victory I would not have them to disbandon or scatter but rather to stand together till at last they might get honourable quarters for themselves rather then shamefully to be cut off in flying away Here we see that the foote Souldiers suffer ever the greatest losse in extremity and they have ever least gaines though most credit but we see his Majesty with clemency doth follow the example of the ancient Romans who of all victories thought that victory best which least was stained with bloud having given quarters and service to three thousand Emperiall Souldiers without drawing one drop of bloud Likewise we see here the continuance of his Majesties industry and diligence aswell in prosecuting his victory as he was valiant in obtaining of it in the one as in the other vindicating his owne honour and the honour of his noble friends shewing after the fury was past his clemency and meekenesse towards his enemies yet who ever was more valiant than he being ever in all his on-sets a Leader And as we see his Majesties valour and diligence in prosecuting his victory so we see also his care in supplying the weakenesse of his Army as a wise Generall should doe in not letting his enemies see the weakenesse of his Army which ought never to be knowne to those who would rejoyce at the same Likewise here I did observe a great thankefulnesse in a King in acknowledging openly in view of an Army the good service done by his servants wherein I did especially see his love to our Nation beyond all others that did serve him to make other Nations emulous of their glory in following of their vertues and though his Majesty used them here rather like unto friends then to servants it should not make them the more sawcy but rather the more humble as both Officers and Souldiers did verifie in promising the continuance of their faithfull obedience and of better service as the Lord would enable them on the next occasions Likewise we did see here how few of our Nation are induced to serve those Catholique Potentates and for my part I finde the reason good for if we have any enemies in Europe it must be those that would not onely overthrow our estates at home if they could but also would force us if it lay in their powers to make shipwracke of our consciences by leading us unto Idolatry Moreover we see here that his Majesty and the Duke of Saxon having once beene companions of danger together they were then entertaining one anothers familiarity in renewing of their friendship confirmed againe with the German custome in making their League the firmer by drinking brother-ship together where I having entred the Hall and being seene by his Majesty I was presently kindely embraced by houlding his Arme over my shoulder wishing I could beare as much drinke as old Generall Major Ruthven that I might helpe his Majesty to make his Guests merry and holding me fast by the hand calling to the Duke of Saxon declared unto him what service our Nation had done his Father and him and the best last at Leipsigh commending in particular to the Duke Colonell Hepburne and Lumsdell and having called Colonell Hepburne unto him he did reiterate the former discourse and much more in commendation of the Scots In the continuance of this warre in Germany as the sequell of the Story will prove from the Balticke coast unto the Alpes and Tyroll where Colonell Hepburne was sent out as Colonell to
command a party I was sent with him as his second being ever much obliged unto him not onely for his love on those occasions but also for his good counsell he being long before me in the Swedens service And as we were oft Camerades of danger together so being long acquainted we were Camerades in love first at Colledge next in our travells in France at Paris and Poictiers Anno 1615. till we met againe in Spruce at Elben in August 1630. Nothing therefore in my opinion more worthy to be kept next unto Faith then this kinde of friendship growne up with education confirmed by familiarity in frequenting the dangers of warre and who is more worthy to be chosen for a friend then one who hath showne himselfe both valiant and constant against his enemies as the worthy Hepburne hath done who is generally so well knowne in Armies that he needes no testimony of a friend having credit and reputation enough amongst his enemies To conclude then this observation as I begunne it I cannot but commend his Majesties wisdome and fore-sight in bringing the Rex-chancellor Oxensterne on the Dutch bottome to be second to his Majesty and to free him of a part of his buthens by placeing him at Hall as Legate being Centrum Germaniâ— The ninteenth Duty discharged of our March from Hall towards Erfort in Duringland HIS Majesty having left Colonell Winckle at Hall as Governour with a strong Garrison to command the Towne he ordained and left the Duke of Anhalt as Stat-houlder not only over the Towne but also over the whole Stifft of Madeburg having taken leave of the Duke of Saxon after many protestations and promises of mutuall friendship our march did continue towards Erfort and before our up-breaking the Castle of Leipsigh was given over by accord unto the Duke of Saxon and the Dukes Army was also marching towards Silesia and Bohemia The seventeenth of September our first nights quarter was taken at a Dorpe two miles from Hall where those of Erfort being so displeased at our coming as unwilling to entertaine such Guests they being all Catholiques Iesuits and Monkes being mightily afraid they did send their Commissioners before them to treate with his Majesty but his Majesty did give them their answers by Duke William of Wymar that they should quit the Catholique faction and give their oath of fidelity to his Majesty of Sweden and that they should take in his Garrisons within their Towne and render up to his Majesty the Castle of Eryackburg with the Colleges to come in his Majesties will who should suffer them to be untroubled in their Religion paying their contribution to the warres like the other Burgers and country The Commissioners thinking their conditions to be hard they tooke leave of his Majesty promising to referre the businesse to the Towne and Clergie and they being departed the Duke of Wymar with a Regiment of horse was directed after them having charge to ride as hard as they could and entering the Portes with a few horse at the first commanded the Guard to lay downe their Armes which hardly they could refuse the rest being so neere they entred the Towne and marched peaceably unto the market place which caused an extraordinary feare amongst the Burgers and yet a greater terrour amongst the Clergy The Councell being called to come on the market place they were commanded to render the Towne keyes unto the Duke who getting the keyes the Towne was taken without bloud The twenty two of September his Majesty having quartered the greatest part of the Army without the Towne he entred the Towne with eight thousand men foote and horse which were all quartered within the Towne and Cloisters having all free entertainment in abundance some of the Clergy removed themselves those who pleased to stay were not troubled but in their meanes and his Majesty promised unto the Towne and Councell the free enjoyment of their former liberties His Majesty having rested the Army some few dayes Duke William of Wymar was made Stat-houlder who had absolute command over three thousand horse and foote getting also full power to take in the contribution and to give out Patents for leavying of horse and foote Regiments for his Majesties service My cozen the Baron of Fowles with his Regiment of foote being left there in Garrison tooke afterwards Patent of the Duke of Wymar for leavying a Regiment of horse which he after brought to passe His Majesty giving direction for repairing the fortifications of the Towne there were Orders given to the Armie to be in readinesse for to march over Durengerwalt unto Franconia and the Regiment had orders to provide their Souldiers sufficiently of Pikes and Muskets being desired to send unto Erfort for such as they stood in need of The nineteenth Observation HIs Majestie as he was valourous and diligent in conquering so hee was carefull to maintaine his Conquest the one being as necessarie as the other Likewise we see his Majesties wisedome in appointing the Duke of Anhalt in respect of his power in those quarters to be Stat-holder at Hall and over the Stifft of Madeburg till the Chancellor of Swedens comming where we see that His Majestie for his owne Aimes did make no difference betwixt Protestants and Lutherans but made a like use of them both For though the Duke of Anhalt was a Protestant he being powerfull in those Quarters to doe His Majestie service being Father in law to Duke William of Wymar this Commaund was imposed upon him Here also at Erfort being the first part in Dutchland belonging unto the Catholique League as appertaining to the Bishopricke of Mentz notwithstanding we see His Majestie clemencie towards the Papists in using no violence against them save onely Iure Belli as those who were conquer'd by the sword His Majestie did exacte of them contribution to the warres and their fidelitie in giving their Oathes to be true unto His Majestie in doing no harme unto his person or Armie by entertaining correspondence with his enemies and on those termes His Majestie was pleased to let them remaine untroubled in their consciences and those that were scrupulous to give this Oath were suffered to depart in peace and those who were contented to give it could not say they were injured Here then we see that Princes Charters are no others over their conquered lands than their sworde and the Oath of fidelitie It is reported of Peter Counâ— of Savoyâ— that he coming to give his Oath of fidelitie to the Emperour Otto the fourth he came presenting himselfe before the Emperour the one halfe of his body clad over with cloth of gold and his left side clad over with glittering Armour the one to testifie the honour and respect he carryed to the Emperour the other how ready he was to fight against his enemies or those that durst speake evill of His Majestie and being asked for his Charters which he had of lands given him in time of warres he drew his sworde saying here they
are signifying thereby that brave warriours Kings or Princes had no better right than their swordes Here also we see that nothing is more powerfull to bring our enemies to an accord than a strong Armie while as they want strength to oppose them for the Conquest will render and give such conditions to the Conquerour as he pleaseth to further good or bad We see also here as formerly His Majestie in respect of the Duke of Wimar his power in those Quarters which in effect is great appointed him Stat-houlder and supreame Commissioner in His Majesties absence in governing the Countrie and in strengthening the Armie by leavying of forces of horse and foote being a fit man for such employment that part of the Country being the most populous part in Germanie and cheapest to entertaine them through the fertilitie of ground in those parts rendering increase beyond any part of lower Germanie The twentieth Dutie discharged of our March towards Wurtzburg in Franconia THE twenty-six of September his Majestie divided the Armie in two Deales or parts considering the difficultie he had to march over During-vault with a strong Armie And therefore being minded to march unto Franconia to visit the Bishops of Bamberg and Wurtzburg he tooke the one halfe of the Armie with himselfe crossing over the Vault towards Konickhoffen and Swinfort and directed Lievetenant Generall Bawtish and Sir Iohn Hepburne with the other halfe of the Armie to march over the Vault unto Franconia upon Smalka and Newstat the Randezvouz appointed for the Army to meet at was Wurtzburg on the Maine being the Bishop his chiefe residence where there was a great Citie and a strong Citadell or Castle wherein lay a strong Garrison and the most part of the riches of the Country being esteemed by them as impregnable in respect of the Situation being seated on a high hill unaccessible save onely from the Towne so that it was hard to doe it any hurt by Cannon being so strong by nature and fortified with divers out-workes on the accessible side that lay to the Citie The Army thus divided and marching alike to one centre or Randezvouz his Majestie was provided to take in the strengths that lay in his way and Bawtizen and Hepburne had Orders to bring under Contribution such Cities as they marched on as they did His Majestie tooke in his way Konickhoffen by accord being strong and having beset it with a Garrison he marched from thence to Swinfort and tooke it in also and having beset it with a Garrison the Burgers being made to give their Oath of fidelitie Duke Ernest of Wymar was appointed Statholder over Franconia In this time we marched over the Vault to Smalka and from thence to Newstat Milerstad Gemond and Carlestat on the Maine The first night we quartered on the side of the Vault next unto Franconia in a Citie called Smalka where we were well quartered and the next morning we marched to Mainigen from thence to Mellerstat and then to Newstat on the Salt from thence to Hamelburg from thence to Gemond and from Gemond to Carlstat and these six Cities we tooke in by accord and having gotten a Composition of moneys of them they being sworne to give their obedience unto his Majestie having quartered in them as we past they were free paying the moneys they had promised and the monethly Contribution In this march though the Generall Lievetenant commanded in chiefe and made the Accord most to his owne advantage having got of these Townes above fiftie thousand Dollers whereof he made neither accompt to his Majestie nor yet was he any wayes beneficiall to the Colonells who did the service but put all in his owne purse neither yet did he acknowledge Sir Iohn Hepburne with the least token of his bountie whose merit at this time was not inferiour to his owne His Majesty having taken in Swinsort and beset it he continued his march to Wurtzburg and coming before the Towne he summoned them to render whereupon they did send Father Ogleby Abbot of the Scots Cloyster at Wurtzburg to capitulate with his Majestie in the behalfe of the Burgers who got granted unto them the like accord as was made with Erfort in all degrees the accord subscribed his Majestie entered the Towne the same day that our forces arrived at Carlstat being within two miles of them that night The Citie given over the Castle refusing to heare of any Treatie they begunne from the Castle-workes to plague his Majesties Armie with Cannon where ever they could lie or stand within or without the Citie on either side of the Maine they were cruelly tormented by the enemies Cannon so that at last it went on in earnest on both sides for his Majestie having had intelligence that Generall Tilly with a strong Armie of fiftie thousand men being joyned with the Duke of Loraine were coming for the reliefe of the Castle his Majestie resolved that taking of time was best and that it behooved him on the sudden to have it or not at all This Castle being a strong Strength sequestred on a height from the Towne and the Souldiers as they retired from the Towne they did breake off one Arch of the Bridge to hinder his Majesties passage over the Bridge unto the Castle being the onely way he could get to it and the Castle-workes did so command the Bridge that a single man could not passe over without great danger of life being the whole Bridge did lie open just under the Castle where there was one long plancke laid over the broken Arch being distant in height from the water neere eight fathom so that it seemed a hazard or torment to any man to passe over alongst the plancke where some valourous Officers and Souldiers would rather adventure to goe before the mouth of the Cannon than to crosse over the plancke though there were no danger of the enemies Cannon or Musket which still played furiously on that passe of the Bridge to hinder his Majesties Souldiers in setting over where at first two valourous Gentlemen of our Nation being brethren were killed on the Bridge viz. Sir Iames Ramsey his Major called Bothwell and his brother Neverthelesse before our coming from Carlstat being within two miles his Majestie had ingaged the rest of our Country-men that were with him on this piece of service being the most desperate and of the greatest importance that was ever done in Dutchland during the continuance of the warres And therefore Sir Iames Ramsey and Sir Iohn Hamilton were made choice of with their Regiments by his Majestie who knew both their worth and valour being perswaded if they refused it none would undertake the service after them the passage being so dangerous and of such hazard that without great difficultie there was no probabilitie to gaine much credit there and his Majestie resolved except those Cavaliers with their followers would make way to others the wished event could not be hoped for at that time seeing the enemy was within
who in all Kingdomes as in Germanie had their Cloisters as here and at Erfort and he was a Scots man that brought the Christian Religion first into Franconia but was evill rewarded being there afterwards murthered It was the custome observed ordinarily by his Majesty of Sweden to make use of our countrimen on service wherein he desired they should shew themselves examplary to others as at this time he made choice of Sr. Iames Ramsey and Sr. Iohn Hamilton to be the first should adventure of the whole Army to force the enemy to give way to his Majesty to set his Army over the Maine where on that bridge Major Bodwell and his brother being killed were buried in Wurtzburg Church leaving the Trophie of their valour amongst strangers in honour of the Nation that was ever glorious abroad Sr. Iohn Hamilton disdaining the orders his Majesty did give for storming the Castle having employed the Sweds and Dutch on the storme neglecting him and the Scots who had made the way to the rest in the extremity of the danger the Cavalier I say therefore disdaining the service seeing his countrimen neglected he desired of his Majesty his honourable passe which his Majesty delayed promising to give content another time which he utterly refused but tooke his passe seeing he thought the Nation was wronged for which in my opinion he merits praise for if many such Cavaliers thus served strangers that would not care for them nor their service when once they begin to neglect them others that were but Cavaliers of Fortune of the Nation would be the better respected and used Which should teach all Cavaliers that serve truely abroad to take their time with credit of those they serve seeing they doe not respect Cavaliers but when they have most use of them Here then we see that no strength be it never so strong is able to hould out when as God doth not watch the Fort the watch-man watches in vaine and we see by the submission of Franconie after this victory that the victorious Ensignes are ever followed for where Fortune doth favour there the Commons doe follow and their study also with their favour followes the victorious Here also we see Generall Tillie though beaten at Leipsigh in lesse then five weekes time he drawes together againe a strong Army with Fifty thousand men and lies downes within three miles of his Majesties Army but his Majesty having wisely beset the passes on the Maine before his comming winter drawing neere and the country being a streite country by nature for woods hills and water As also furrage and provision for horses being taken out of his way his horsemen in that country were made unprofitable for him to stay there for lacke of entertainment which was defective for his foote also so that it was impossible for him to stay long so seeing his Majesty had resolved in that country and for that season to make a defensive warre having divided his Army both horse and foote within Townes and strengthes he suffered Tillie to ruine his young Novices with marches in cold weather who being for the most part French and Italians could not endure the cold ayre of that country being hilly His Majesty having beset all the Garrisons on the Maine streame he suffered Tillie as he did the yeare before in Pomeren and Madeburg and the Markes to traverse with his Army in the cold while as he lay still with his Souldiers within the warme stove and when he found the storme over-past he was ready to neglect no time The twenty one Duty discharged at Oxenford on the the Maine in Franconia HIS Majesty having intelligence that Generall Tillie had intention to have fallen on Oxenford to patronize the passe over the Maine where his Majesty had sent but one hundred and fifty musketiers whom he judged to be too weake for defending of the Towne and considering with himselfe the enemy might likewise pursue Wurtzburg having made but a faint at Oxenford and perhaps his intention might be to pursue both alike his Majesty under night coming alone on horsebacke from the Castle towards my quarter being then in the remotest part of the whole Towne I being at supper his Majesties foote-man tould me the King was below and desired I should come unto him being come to his Majesty he commanded me in all haste to bring our Briggad in Armes and to draw them up on that part against his returne and to command Sr. Iohn Hepburne in his name to meete him there which immediatly being obeyed accordingly his Majesty being returned commanded Hepburne to leade off the Musketiers of the whole Briggad being then eight hundred and to follow his Majesty whether so ever he went who commanded me to bring up the Reare leaving our Colours and pike-men behinde us there till further orders we marched on in the night halfe a mile without the Towne before we knew whether we were going or what the exploite could be that we were going on having left both our horses and servants behinde us at last his Majesty acquainting Colonell Hepburne with his designe he marched towards Oxenford being convoyed with foure score horses alongst the side of the Maine and we followed with our foote marching in seven houres those foure miles and before two of the clocke in the morning we arrived there without halt or drawing of breath by the way At our coming we were let in alongst the bridge unto the market place where our Souldiers after this wearisome march were commanded to stay by their Armes all night in readinesse and houses were appointed for the Officers to remaine in all night The next morning by day light his Majesty did send for Colonell Hepburne and me and tells he was going to visit the walles without and he commanded to send two hundred musketiers of our Regiment towards the Port before him which being done his Majesty accompanied with some Cavaliers walked out and the night before at his Majesties coming to Towne he had directed fifty horse to watch halfe a mile without the Towne betwixt him and the enemy At his Majesties out-going we heare the enemies Dragoniers with some horsemen making service against the watch who were forced to retire whereupon his Majesty commanded me to send forth fifty musketiers with a Lievetenant to skirmish with the enemy till the horsemen might retire the musketiers being advanced they skirmished with the enemy in view of his Majesty houlding up the enemy till the horsemen were Horne towards Bambridge as also having weakened his Armie by beseting the Garrisons on the Maine not keeping above eight thousand foote and horse by himselfe at Wurtzburg while as Generall Tillie Altringer Feucker and the Duke of Loraine had joyned their forces together making up fiftie thousand men of intention to force a passe over the Maine to come at His Majestie His Majestie being sure Tillie would not harme the Countrie being Papists he resolved by cunctation and delaies to wearie him with a
of no Souldier will doubt Here also we see His Majestie made no difference of season or weather in prosecuting his enemie whenever he found any advantage And therefore it was His Majesties wise resolution to crosse the Rhine while Generall Tillies Armie in the Winter time was farthest from him and making but a faint here before Oppenham his ayme and designe was to crosse the Rhine at an other part by shipping that while the enemie was busied in defence of the Skonce His Majestie might crosse at an other part for the Armie once crossed the Skonce was lost for want of supplie and His Majestie once over the whole Paltz and Mentz were in feare Nothing is more powerfull to resist resolution than resolution for it is said of the Oake being hard timber for to cleave it a sunder there must be wedges made of it selfe that hardnesse may overcome hardnesse My advise then to all brave fellowes watching in trenches or guarding Cannon while as the enemie would try their valour by out-falling in assailing them at such times let the defender doe as was done here leaving the use of the Musket as being more unreadie let them make use of their pikes meeting their enemies in the teeth with a strong firme bodie of Pikes after the old Scots fashion used by our Predecessours that fought pell mell with two-hand swordes till one of the parties did quit the field for though they suffer losse sure they must winne credit that repulse their enemie rather than disgracefully suffer their Cannon to be nayled or their braines knockt out in trenches while as they take them to the uncertaintie of the musket Therefore let resolution be ever present repulsing force with force for if thou wouldest be esteemed amongst the number of brave fellowes thou must resolve to shew thy selfe resolute couragious and valiant going before others in good example choosing rather to dye with credit standing serving the publique than ignominiously to live in shame disgracing both thy selfe and Countrie Who would not then at such times choose vertue before vice glorie honour and immortall fame before an ignominious shamefull and detestable life Let then my deere Camerades of the Brittish Nation where ever they serve embrace this my exhortation and lay it up in the secret corners of their heart and minde that they may be ever mindefull of their credits preferring credit to life for the honour of the invincible Nation doing ever as was done here by their Countrie men in one night thrice at three severall partes whereof twice in sight of their King and Master His Majestie crossing the Rhine did take with him the Scots which were there of Sir Iames Ramseys Regiment of old Spense his Regiment and of My Lord Rhees being landed the Spanish horsemen having furiously charged the Scots with a little advantage of a hedge stood by His Majestie against the Spanish horsemen and with a strong body of pikes and salves of musket resisted valiantly the horsemen till the rest were landed to relieve them As also the next day the Musketieres of Ramseys Regiment that on all occasions were wont to shew their valour were the first stormed the walles at Oppenham as they were the first with their Camerades that accompanied His Majestie at his landing in the Paltz testifying how willing they were to oppose danger in sight of their King and Master revenging themselves on the Spaniard a cruell enemy to the Daughter of our King and Sister to our Dread Soveraigne the Queene of Bohemia whom before they had removed by force of Armes from the sweete land of the Paltz where at this time they were fighting to invest againe His Majestie of Bohemia her Husband and his Royall issue being under the Conduct of the Lyon of the North the invincible King of Swedeâ— their Leader who was carelesse as he said himselfe that night to incurre the feude or the enmity and anger both of the House of Austria and King of Spaine to doe service to his Deere Sister the Queene of Bohemia Who would not then my deere Camerades Companions not of want but of valour and courage at such a time being the time we all of us longed to see who would not I say presse to discharge the dutie of valourous Souldiers and Captaines in sight of their Master and King having crossed the Rhine fighting for the Queene of Souldiers being led by the King of Captaines and Captaine of Kings who would not then as true valourous Scots with heart and hand sustaine the Fight discharging at once the dutie of Souldiers and valourous Captaines by that meanes so farre as in them lay restoring the Paltz contemning death striving to get victory over their enemies and freedome of Conscience to their distressed brethren long kept in bondage and under tyranny of their enemies the space of ten yeares till the coming of this magnanimous King and great Captaine who in six moneths time after did free the Paltz of all Spanish Forces setting them at libertie having brought the Keyes of all Goales with him and opened the doores not onely of all prisons but also of all houses and Churches in the Paltz that had beene closed ten yeares before through the banishment of the owners bringing them backe to their houses againe and having removed the Idolatrous worship of Papists out of their Churches suffered them againe to serve God peaceably in their former true undoubted and onely pure profession of the Faith of Christs Gospell The twenty-fourth Dutie discharged of our March to Mentz and of the intaking of it HIS Majestie having laien here at Oppenham some three dayes till the rest of the Armie were come over at Oppenham and at Stockstat the Armie being come over the Spaniards were afraid to stay in any place that was not wondrous strong and their feare being so great they quit Stagne setting it on fire as also the Lotterings Garrison did quit Wormes having first abused the Towne with plundering and other intolerable damage and hurt they retired all unto Frankendall being strong by fortification they made it strong of men having retired above eight thousand Spaniards within it who being blocked up had never the resolution or courage once to have falne forth on the Swedens Forces but kept themselves close within walles His Majestie taking his march towards Mentz which before was blockt up on the other side of the Rhine next to Francford with Shippes and with the Landgrave of Hessens Forces his Majestie about the middest of December in cruell tempestuous weather for frost and snow coming before it on a Sunday in the afternoone and having himselfe rode about the Towne on the Paltz side and recognosced both workes and walles the Armie standing in Battaile his Majestie having first commanded the Horsemen some to quarters and some on dutie The foote Briggads were commanded towards their severall Postes where Colonell Hepburnes Briggad according to use was directed to the most dangerous Poste next the enemy and the rest
those he commands ought to give the like obedience unto him though strangers as if absolutly they were of his owne Regiment and his care for them should be as for himselfe He ought also at the undertaking of the command or charge over them to foresee to be sufficiently provided of all things necessary for such service as he is commanded on of Amunition spades shovels materialls for his Cannon and Pettards with his Guides to convey him from one place to another till he come to the end of his intended march doing all things by wise and deliberate stedfastnesse in Command without wavering not altering his Orders as he must answer to his Generall to whom he is to give account and his best is to have his Orders in writing that in case of variance betwixt Commanders Writing may beare him thorough when Orders by mouth will be denied neither ought he in his command to be timorous or rash but rather resolute and remisse as occasion offers and on occasions apart when his Command must be relative to anothers direction that is but subordinate to a Generall he must deliberat wisely what to doe and he must foresee the best and worst of things but having once deliberated let him be as resolute in the execution as he can Likewise here we see in the Rhinegrave a rare example both of remisnesse and courage in one person For first being made forescene of the enemies comming he shewed his remisnesse having refused to give eare to the severall advertisments till in th' end he was pursued unawares and then he did testifie his inward courage and resolution in charging the enemy being three Regiments with foure troopes putting them to a retreat Neverthelesse we see him alike beholden to the Rut-master for his advertisment as for his safe retreat having first and last suffered the dint of the enemies Armes on him and houlding it off his Commander A brave example to be imitated and followed of all Cavaliers that would gaine honour and reputation The twenty sixth Duty discharged of the accidents occurred in our warres during our lying in Mentz THIS following discourse being no direct part of the discharge of duty intended of the Regiment neverthelesse for lacke of emploiment in my calling at that time being idle in Garrison I remarked so farre as I could by report the actions of others as they occurred then being out of action my selfe yet I can affirme what I relate will be found true if not let me be no more blamed than those that gave the intelligence His Majesty having gone to meete the Queene being come from Leipsigh to Hanow the twenty second of Ianuary 1632. his Majesty conveyed the Queene to Francfurt where all the Cannons went off after their entries At this time also the Rex-chancellour Oxensterne came from Spruce conveyed by our countriman Sr. Patrick Ruthven then eldest Colonell of Scots under his Majesty being then Governour of Mariburg and Colonell of a Dutch Regiment lay there with whom did come froÌ„ Spruce Lievetenant Colonel Hugh Hamilton who was Lievetenant Colonell then to Sr. George Cuningham his Regiment of Scots that lay in Spruce Captaine Mongomery came also with them who soone after was made Lievetenant Colonell to a free Squadron of foote and after that was killed in combat on horsbacke by the Generall Quarter-master Bullion at first Captaine under me At this time also came with him Quarter-master Sandelence who afterwards was Captaine Major and Lievetenant Colonell having ascended by degrees according to worth and deserving The Chancellor being come his Majesty and he sat ordinarily all day in counsell treating on weighty matters At which time the Cullens Ambassadour was treating apart with his Majesty for neutrality affirming he had given no assistance to the last League neither yet was he of the League As also he affirmed that at the last Westphalia convention he refused assistance to the rest of the League his Majesty replied to the Cullens Ambassadour how hardly and unchristianly they had dealt with the Evangelists Stends worse thâ—n if they had bin Iewes or Turkes in taking their Churches from them and in banishing themselves Neverthelesse there were some Articles proposed unto them concerning the Neutrality viz. First of all molesting the Evangelists under whatsoever pretence to be abolished and put away Secondly the free liberty of the Religion to be granted and suffered and that the Students of the Religion should be taken aswelâ— in the Colleges as the Papists Thirdly in all Cities the Evangelists to be as free to traffique as the Papists Fourthly they should give no assistâ—nce unto the Kings Majesties enemies nor no contribution nor Bills to answer monies on exchange Fifthly to give free passage through their land aswell to his Majesties Army as to his enemies not to hiâ—der them of it both alike Sixthly that his Majesty of Swedens servants should have the Passes opâ—n when they pleased to passe and repasse Seaventhly that his Majesties Agents might lie at Cullen to see the Neutrality were justly observed Eigthly that his Majesty of Sweden his friends and confederats should have free traffique in their Townes and Territoriâ—s The Cullens Ambassadour returned from Francfurt with these sleight points to be granted by their Bishop The Swedens were come so neere Cullen that the Superiours were reprehended for it by the Clergy out of the Pulpits for giving such liberty to Hereticks to come againe so neere unto their jurisdictions By this time the Landgrave of Hessen with his Army being neere ten thousand strong of horse and foote for our assistance did lie on the other side of the Rhine over against us and from thence they fell strong on the Spaniards which were in Rinâ—koe making them also quit those parts and the inhabitants for feare forsaking their houses his Majesty promised them his gracious protection to stay and remaine in their houâ—es they paying their weekely contribution which they payed before to the Bishop of Mentz Being here also at Mentz the French Ambassadour I did see get audience The reason of his coming being to shew his Majesty of Sweden that the Kings Majesty of France was offended his Majesty of Sweden had crost the Rhine against his paction and confederacy made with the King of France and therefore desired he should retire againe with his Army His Majesty answered he did but prosecute his enemy and if his Mâ—jesty of France was offended he could not helpe it and those that would make him retire over the Rhine againe it behooved them to doe it with the sword in their hand for otherwise he was not minded to leave it but to a stronger if his Majesty of France should anger him much he knew the way to Paris and he had hungry Souldiers would drinke wine and eate with as good a will in France as in Germany Therefore he hoped his Majesty would be better advised in sending the next Ambassage in milder termes This interchange of message went betwixâ— them till at
his Officers on Hasford and Swineford These newes coming unto his Majesty he prepared for a march unto Franconia bringing the rest of his Majesties forces together that were with the Felt-marshall and he did send unto During to the Duke of Wymar and to Generall Banier to bring their forces together to meete betwixt Nurenberg and Donavert to search out Generall Tilly and about the middest of March 1632. we brake up from Mentz having left the Rex-chancellor Oxensterne and Duke Bernard of Wymar with eight thousand men in the Paltz to attend the Spaniards further intentions on the Rhine The twenty-sixth Observation THE Catholique League seeing the Spaniard terrified in the Paltz and almost beaten away they begun being members of that head to quake and tremble for feare of the Swedens neighbourhood and therefore the Bishops of Mentz Triere Cullen Wurtzburg and of Bambrick presently resolved out of their policy to treat for a neutrality pressing so farre as lay in them to bring the King of France and his Majesty of Sweden to pull at each others beards alleadging the Swedens intentions were only to subvert the Catholique Religion and the professours of Popery as he had already as they alleadged persecuted and banished the Churchmen out of Erford Wurtzburg Francford Hickst and out of all other parts where they were whereupon his Majesty of France notwithstanding of his confederacy with the King of Sweden was commoved at his crossing the Rhine fearing he might bring the Catholique League on his side and then turnâ— his Armes against France which suspitions wrought an Ambassage from his Majesty of France towards his Majesty of Sweden for treaty of neutrality betwixt the King of Sweden and the Catholique League which in th' end turned to nothing Where we see that all Potentates and great Kings doe keepe no Confederacy nor League but only so farre as they are helpfull for their owne aimes and designes preferring their benefit before the keeping of their covenants where we see that Kings hand-writings or seales in pactions making tye them no more then as nothing when they finde them prejudiciall to their owne greatnesse and cannot be made to keepe their covenants but with stronger power Then we see here his Majesty of Sweden was nothing moved with the King of France his threatning except he would retire over the Rhine againe seeing he knew his owne ability at that time that being once over the Rhine he could march unto France The consideration whereof made them agree better on secondary conditions having past from the first covenant so that we see there is no dealing with Kings but on equall termes and then are they most reasonable but the example of Kings in this point of their covenants is not to be imitated by any other inferiours for in respect of them though not in respect of God they are privileged persons who cannot be punished for their faults but by God alone And therefore amongst inferiours nothing is to be kept more strict next unto faith unviolated then mens word and promise especially promises betwixt old friends But alas no friendship is permanent seeing many things come betwixt turning it unto hatred and hostility for where love doth not grow the friendship is not durable Likewise here we see his Majesty of France made haste to interpose his request for the weale of the Catholique League shewing himselfe discontented with their usage to make them the more ready to thinke on him before they should any wayes leane in their necessity to the King of Sweden As also we see the policy of the League though in their necessity they seemed to make use of the King of France his friendship yet they would not cast off the house of Austria and King of Spaine their ould friends for the hope they had in their new friend the King of France lest their new friend might disappoint them of their expectations as he did in th' end missing his owne aimes We see also here the Frenches policy in making haste to intercede for the Leagueistes lest the danger might come on himselfe for the King of France hâ—aring the King of Sweden had crossed the Rhine he did not stay to bring his Army together till the League should call for his helpe lest it should be too late but incontinent brought his Army to the Mosell and then sent his Ambassador to Mentâ— to his Majesty of Sweden to treat having his Army at hand which was the only sure way then to get the better conditions knowing the King of Sweden had already too many Irons in the fire Those we see are the best friends that in necessity keepe their paction as the Catholique League did at all times unto the Emperour who otherwise had bin no Emperour neither yet had he bin Emperour had the Evangelists kept together and hazarded their meanes and bloud in defence of the publique cause as the Catholiques did in their greatest necessity once every yeere setting up ever new Armies as one was beaten unto them their wisdome and constancy were so great that presently the next Spring through their power and diligence they had ever another new Army afoote which in th' end made their enemies the Evangelists weary sparing their meanes they suffered in a manner the cause and the publique to be neere lost being since beaten by their owne Armes and meanes seeing they neglected time while as they might employ their meanes to the finall overthrow of their enemies and yet to my knowledge in Germany if they would conjoyne their strengths together constantly against the Papists they are powerfull enough to free all Germany of Popery banishing them over the Alpes from whence they came And I perswade my selfe none that knowes Germany but in his conscience he must confesse this to be truth But when our fellowes in friendship faile us as the Evangelists one after another for a skurvy losse quit the Crowne of Sweden the great Duke of Saxon having left them first breaking his oath and promise in prejudice of the publique peace excluding the Protestants impiously for his owne aimes he did prejudice the Gospell his country and confederates and by his evill example for plaine necessity while a storme should blow over the townes of the upper Circles of the Empire as Strasburg Vlme Nurenberg Francford did accept of an unsetled peace contrary to their mindes in prejudice of the publique losing themselves and the publique for the losse of one day being without their head which first brought them together Here then we see the great difference of friendship in prosperity and in adversity for his Majesty of Sweden being at Francford as a victorious King he had then in his prosperity the conflux of friendship some seeking his protection others his friendship and confederacy others for feare of the dint of his Armes seeking to be Neutrall who before were enemies other Kings and Potentats Republiques and Cities sending their Ambassadours congratulating his successe yea and which was
more and rare to be seene his Majesty of Bohemia in person came unto him to offer him assistance Royall in leavying of an Army for himselfe and was refused 〈◊〉 am willing other Armies should be in Dutchland to be participant of his glory but his owne Where we see Fortunes Favourit laught on by the world but how soone againe Fortune begun to frowne on his successour who having got but one Buffet all men would kill him his friends nomine tenus aswell as his enemies Where we see cleerely that there is no friend in adversity except it be a friend in Christ who will never forsake or leave us This then is the friendship we should make to league and confederate with our brethren in Christ with whom we have unity in Faith if that we would have our friendship durable and constant others will change as the winde blowes plenty or penury upon us being but temporary friends as many of the Dutch are but our brethren in Christ will never totally leave us no not in our greatest wants and extremity of Fortune Which should make us choose such and to live and dye with such fighting for them and their liberties who will never leave us though death sever us but after death they will prove constant friends to our successours as the Germans did not to the Chancellor of Sweden if they succeede unto us in the true and undoubted Faith And to verifie this I can beare witnesse that though the enemy did keepe our brethren in Christ that were in the Pultz under ten yeares bondage Neverthelesse that bondage nor the tyranny used unto them by their enemies made them never forget their fidelity and love to their King and Prince neither yet could their tyranny make them forsake or renounce their faith in Christ but as they continued true â—o God so were they faithfull in their love to their King and Master not only to his Majesty but also shewed their love and kindnesse unto us being his Majesties friends whom they knew to be one in faith with themselves And therefore they were ever ready and willing to undergoe alike danger with us against our common enemies as doth witnesse their assistance given to the Scots of Sir Iames Ramseys Regiment having Conjunct is viribus beaten their enemies on divers occasions The Kings Majesty of Sweden though before this time none of the greatest Kings yet in this warre having begun with a little Army of ten thousand strong in three yeares time he grew so great that he was carelesse of the threatning of the great King of France having entertained then in readinesse foure Armies at once his owne which he led himselfe under which I was still The Felt-marshall Gustavus Hornes Armie Generall Totts Army on the Wazer and the Marquesse of Hamiltons Army with whom Banier was joyned on the Elve These foure Armies his Majesty commanded alike and at one time having the Emperour the King of Spâ—ne the Catholique League and the Duke of Bavier his enemies And though the Duke of Saxon had an Army apart yet his Majestie would not suffer the King of Bohemia the Duke of Lunenburg the Land grave of Hessen nor the Dukes of Wâ—mar to lead Armies in Dutchland but as Subalternes to his Command And I thinke he had reason for if his Majestie of Bohemia had had an Armie in the fields it behooved the Swedens to have beene subalterne to the Dutch and Scots who were then strong in the fields in commanding strangers as they did their owne Country-men Notwithstanding of all these forces led and commanded by his Majestie of Sweden we see that the Empire is like a depth without a bottome that cannot be sounded For though they lost severall Battailes their power was so great that incontinent they made up Armies againe one after another for the space of twentie yeares together so that with difficultie they made the body of the Empire to stand though the wings were very neere clipped by his Majestie of Sweden who in three yeares time subdued the most part of the Empire and with his owne little Armie in one Winter freed the Paltz of the Spanish Forces except Heidelberg alone on which occasions those of our Nation that followed his Majestie shewed both their valour and their love especially those of my Lord Spence his Regiment seconded well by those of my Lord Rhees Regiment and Sir Iames Ramseys worthy Regiment were well seconded by Colonell Lodowicke Lesâ—yes Regiment which formerly were Sir Iohn Hamiltons These foure Regiments of foote having followed his Majesties owne person in all occasions were worthy their deeds should be Registred to all posteritie Other six Regiments of Scots under Generall Tott and two of English being yonger in the service than the former foure were also shorter of continuance whose actions I cannot relate but by Information Therefore I will be sparing lest I should derogate from their worth or oversee my selfe At this time also there were a great many worthy Cavaliers of our Nation under his Majestie who for their long experience and valour had attained to the honour not onely to be trusted before others with Governments but also were honoured in commanding of strangers both Dutch and Swedens whereof some were employed in Dutchland some in Sweden some in Liffeland and some in Spruce all alike serving their Master to his minde where he liked best to make use of them for the weale and advancement of his service Sir Patricke Ruthven Generall Major and Governour of Vlme Colonell over Dutch to foote and to horse Sir Alexander Lesly Generall Major and Governour over the whole Cities alongst â—he Balticke Coast Sir David Drummond Generall Major and Governour of Statin over a Regiment of Swedens Sir Iohn Hepburne Colonell over the Scots Briggad Generall Major King Colonell to horse and foote of Dutch Colonell Carrâ— Colonell to foote of Scots Sir Iohn Ruthâ—â—â— Generall Major Colonell of Dutch Colonell Robert Monro of Fowles Colonell to foote and to horse over Dutch The Earle of Crawford Colonell to foote oâ—er Dutch Colonell Baily Colonell to foote over Dutch Colonell Ramsey Governour of Creâ—â—snough and Commander of Dutch Colonell Alexander Hamilton Colonell of Scots Sir Iames Ramsey Colonell of foote over Scots Sir William Ballentine Colonell over English Colonell Dowglas Colonell of Dutch horsemen Colonell Hâ—me Colonell of Dutch horsemen Colonell Alexander Lâ—sly the younger Colonell to foote over Dutch Colonell Iohn Lesly Colonell to foote over Scots Colonell William Gunne Colonell to foote over Dutch Colonell Kiâ—â—iâ—mond Colonell of Swedens Colonell Hugh Hamilton Colonell to foote over Dutch Colonell 〈◊〉 Forbesse and his brother both Colonells to foote over strangers Colonell Iohn Forbesse Colonell to foote over Dutch Colonell Alexander Forbesse called the bald Colonell to foote over Dutch which all with the former twelve Regiments were employed severally upon the Dutch bottome during his Majesties time and since to the great credit of their Nation as likewise other Cavaliers of them were
employed in Sweden such as Colonell Scot Colonell Seaton and Colonell Thomson others also were employed in his Majesties service in Spruce as Sir George Fleetwood Colonell to foote over English Francis Ruthven Colonell to foote over Scots and William Kunningham Colonell to foote over Scots Alexander Gordon Colonell to foote over Dutch which Officers with their Regiments after conclusion of the peace made with the Kings Majestie of Polle were also brought into Dutchland against the Saxon and the Emperour Thus farre en passant I was bold to inferre to satisfie the curious Reader and his Highnesse to whom we all vowed faith and obedience being formerly led by such a Generall as the Lyon of the North the invincible King of Sweden who did instruct us all to doe his Highnesse service in all respects to the sacrificing of our lives untill his Highnesse be avenged of his enemies and most honourably restored to his Country credit honours and former losses For we know Germany so well that without guides we can enter their Cities where we know them weakest having helped to subdue many of them before as shall be evident before our expedition come to an end Where we would wish such a Leader as his Highnesse or one of the race come of the Iewell of Europe his Royall Mother for whom and her royall Issue we are obliged and resolved yet to fight till her Throne be established in despight of her enemies Here also we see God will not suffer those Christians unpunished that violate their promise as was seene on Colonell Grame whose fault is too common amongst their faction that hold for a maxime they are not bound to keepe promise or accord unto us as was seene on Colonell Monro of Fowles his Regiment marching out of Stâ—bing the conditions of their accord being broken unto them the Souldiers were forced to serve and the Officers were made prisoners If my fortune were once againe to command the Guards in Memmungen in Bavier the Dukes chiefe residence though I would not breake my word I would hazard to breake my sword to be avenged on those who keepe no promise or oath being enemies to God and to his truth as they did witnesse by their cruelty used at Bamberg where the Felt-marshall being set on unawares was forced to retire having sent away his cannon before him choosing the least of two inconveniences having thought better to endanger a few men in skirmish than by standing to hazard the losse of all and of his cannon Where we see that it is hard for a brave Commander to make a good retreat without cannon where on the contrary having a little time with some advantage of ground it is easie retiring from the fiercest enemy who may lose himselfe and his Army with pressing too farre forwards against cannon Likewise there is nothing more able for to make a partie of horsmen fortunate than a reasonable supply of musketiers ever to attend them for they are ever best together Moreover we have here a laudable custome of a brave Commander as his Majesty was being as carefull in maintaining his conquest as he was fortunat in conquering for before his Majesty would march from the Rhine towards the Danow he first established the Rex-chancellor of Sweden at Mentz leaving unto his care the direction of the Army left in the Palatinat to attend the Spaniard which Army was to be led by Palsgrave Christian Brickafield being at least eight thousand strong The twenty seventh Duty discharged of our March from Mentz unto Francony and to Shawbach HIS Majesty having got intelligence of the Ruffle Generall Tilly had given at Bamberg to Felt-marshall Horne and hearing the Felt-marshall was retired on Swinford incontinent his Majesties Army was brought together at Mentz and leaving the Rex-chancellor Oxensterne in the Paltz at Mentz as director and to attend on the Spanish forces till the Paltz were cleered of the enemie The sixth of March his Majesty did breake up from Francford where in the fields before Aschaffenburg the Army made a shew in presence of his Majesty of Bohemia Marquesse of Hamilton and divers others men of quality and having passed the bridge we quartered over night in the fields on the backe side of the hill and the next day continued our march towards Lore and having sent before to make provision for the Army in all parts where he resolved to quarter through Franconia being free of our enemies The next night we quartered at Erinfield and our Briggad passing by Gemond we marched on Carlestat where we quartered over night the next day continuing our march we joyned at night with the army at Tettelbach where before our upbreaking the next morning a fire being entred in the Subburbs as his Majesty was marching out of quarter those of Spences Regiment were blamed for this accident though innocent Neverthelesse his Majesties rage continued the whole day and we being separated his Majesty marched on Kitchen on the Maine to joyne with the Felt-marshall and we were commanded to march on Oxenford on the Maine and from thence to Vinchen where we againe were to joyne with the Army having ever our cannon and Amunition waggons along with us On Sunday in the afternoone his Majesty againe over-viewed the Army being set in order of Battaile the Felt-marshalls forces and some new forces having joyned with us being pleasant to behould where in time of the show his Majesty of Bohemia did come and salute our Briggad being resaluted with all due respect of the whole body of the Briggad where his Majesty was pleased to shew us how glad he was of the good report and commendation his Majesty of Sweden had given of our good service the continuance whereof he hartily wished Our Army this day was above twenty thousand men horse and foote besides those did belong to the Artillery being all in good order Generall Tilly having understood of his Majesties coming and of the strength of his Army he thought as best for the safety of his Army not to stay our coming and besetting Bamberg and Forcham with new levied men taking the ould Souldiers with him he marched towards Newmarke in the upper Palatinat having taken all the best things he could finde within the Bishopricke of Bamberg with him on waggons And having sent his Generall Quartermaster before him towards Loaffe he was met by some of the Swedens party and being kill'd all his letters were brought unto his Majesty and before his Majesty brake up with the Army he caused to publish an Edict over all Franconia that all sort of people which had before bin fugitives for feare of Religion they were all free to returne unto their houses againe not being molested or troubled in the peaceable labouring of the ground Likewise on this march a strong party of our Army led by Colonell Sparereutter Rancountring with the enemies party by S. hawbbishhall after a long skirmish the Emperialists were made to retire with losâ—e towards the Castle
of Daâ—berg where Lievetenant Colonell Buckoy that had the command of the Emperialists was sore wounded a Rut-master of the Câ—abbats and a Lievetenant was kill'd and aboue twenty six Souldiers besides a hundred and thirty were taken prisoners The newes came to his Majesty on our march which we continued from Winsâ—n on Wolmersdoâ—ffe and from thence the next day being the twentith of March to Furt a passe on the River of Pegnâ—ts a mile from Nurenberg where the Army lay but one night so long as his Majesty did visit Nurenberg and the next day our march continued towards a little Towne called Schawbach where his Majesty rested the Army two dayes till that the Duke of Wymars forces with Generall Banier coming from During were come within one dayes march of us his Majesties intentions being towards Donavert on the Danube where my Cozen Fâ—â—les with both his Regiments joyned with us His Majesty of Sweden accompanied with the King of Bohemia and Palsgrave Augustus and divers Princes more before their coming to Nurenberg they were met by the Lords of the Towne with a great convoy on horsbacke and were most nobly welcomed where the whole inhabitants were overjoyed at the sight of his Majesty of Sweden but chiefely their affections most abundantly did extend towards his Majesty of Bohemia which is impossible for any tongue to expresse But well I know my eyes did see their eyes shedding teares of joy being overjoyed with the sight of two Kings at once as they thought sent by the King of Kings for their reliefes and to make their welcome the more respected the whole City Burgers and Souldiers were in their brightest Armes and being conveyed unto the City they were sumptuously banqueted and in testimony of their love they gifted unto his Majesty of Sweden foure halfe Cartowes with all furniture belonging to them together with two silver Globes one Coelestiall the other Terrestiall there were also presented unto him drinking Credence many with some Antiquities that were rare and with all testifying their affection in way of complement they assure his Majesty that not only with words but with their whole estate they were ready to serve the common cause to die and live with his Majesty in the defence of the publique His Majesty thus taking leave of Nurenberg promises to continue their friend and shewes them he was to goe with his Army towards the Danow streame to see how to get a passe over the Danow for to visit the Duke of Bavier and he hoped he would make Tilly with his Army to retire thence But Tilly finding his Majesties Army growing still stronger and stronger he retired backe unto the upper Palatinat and from thence he crossed the Danow to joyne with the Duke of Bavaria to hinder our coming unto Bavaria being then of his owne forces neere eighteene thousand men foote and horse But many of them were new leavied folkes and the Duke of Bavaria had also a strong Armie together but for the most part they were such as could not indure the noise or whisling of the Cannon Bullets By this time Grave Henry William Fonselins being shot in the leg before Bamberg was departed at Swineford of a burning fâ—aver contracted through the paine of the shot whose death his Majestie of Sweden did much lament The twenty-seventh Observation THE fifth of March 1632. his Majestie having left sure footing in the Paltz with a bridge over the Rhine and the Mayne where it enters into the Rhine where also was begunne as the Trophee of his victorie the foundation of a Citie and strength called Gustavus-Burg Then in the beginning of the Spring we sprung forth from the Rhine towards the Danow streame being on this march royally accompanyed by his Majestie of Bohemia whom his Majestie esteemed of as of himselfe in all quartering ordaining his quarters before his owne continuing the march through Franconia in suretie having the yeere before freed that whole circle from the enemie so that the Iâ—habitants had given their Oaâ—h of fealtie unto His Majestie This March was pleasant through a plentifull Countrie at this time being a prâ—gresse befitting two Kings with a Royall Armie and forces from other partes joyning with us as we drew neere our enemies we made all sure behinde us both for our Retreates in case of neede as also for the safetie of those were to come after us and thirdly for the furnishing our Armie in Amunition and victuals to be brought unto us in case of want His Majestie here being of intention to get a passe over the Danow having before made the Towne of Vlme sure for his retreate for the more abundance his Majestie resolved to have the passe of Donavert being the right passe betwixt Nurenberg and Ausburg Before Tillyes Armie could joyne with the Duke of Baviere his Majestie resolved it was not best to give them time but with celeritie concluded to march towards them knowing it was but follie and madnesse to stay till they were joyned and the Duke of Baviere being assured of his Majesty comming to visit his Countrie he closed the passes the best â—e could both Donavert Rhine and Ratisbone And as he did beset well the frontier Garrisons before his Majesties comming he also very circumspectly betimes tooke all victuals out of his Majesties way towards Engolstat as a wise Commander ought to doe where he made his Magazin being the onely part he was assured of for his retreate and such a parte as he knew well we were not able to get without treason and then being assured he had time to provide an Armie to oppose his Majesty himselfe not being taken unawares It is the dutie of all good Commanders at their downe lying and uprising from quarters to be very carefull to prevent fire seeing thereby the whole Armie may be endangered by the losse of men Amunition Armes and Artillery and since such losse is irrecoverable our care should be the greater to avoyde the hurt And therefore Order should be given to all Guardes to make diligent roundes over the Quarters to prevent the like accidents and to give Orders to the Gavilliger and his servants to oversee all fires and to see them quencht at all upbreakings and dislodging otherwise the enemy being neere great inconvenience might happen and if any enemy at such times trusting to our disorder should offer to invade us finding the contrary it were easie to beate them backe as also it were a fit time to try their valour they being more than halfe afraid But I will advise all you that desire to gaine credit to seeke out your enemy rather than to stay his comming unto you and by this meanes haply you may set up your Trophees in his owne Country to speake to posteritie as doth Gustavus-Burg betwixt the Maine and the Rhine The twenty-eight Dutie discharged of our March to Donavert for the In-taking of it THE twenty-fourth of March his Majestie with the Armie continued the march from Schwabach towards
a little skirmish made with horse in the Feilds retired over the water casting off the Bridge behinde them they escaped having left a weake Garrison of foote in the Towne and Castle to make an Accord for keeping the Towne unplundered which was suddenly agreed on so that before night we were quartered in the Towne the enemy being retired where divers of our Briggad made bootie worth their paines The next day his Majestie hearing we had taken in the Towne did breake up with the Armie towards Memmungen leaving Orders for foâ—â—â—e Felt-marshall to joyne with the Armie at Freisingen having got moneyes for his Majestie both from Landshut and the Bishopricke of Freisingen for keeping them unplundered Hohnwart Pfafenhowen being two walled Townes with the Abbacie of St. Morris and the Abbacie of St. George were also brought under Contribution where the Boores on the march cruelly used our Souldiers that went aside to plunder in cutting off their noses and eares hands and feete pulling out their eyes with sundry other cruelties which they used being justly repayed by the Souldiers in burning of many Dorpes on the march leaving also the Boores dead where they were found A strong partie of the Dukes Souldiers thinking to have surprized the Swedens in their quarters they fell themselves in the ditch that they prepared for others so that very few of them escaped with life out of the Swedens hands By this time also Weysenburg not farre from Nurenberg was taken in by the Dukes Forces having got some Cannon from the Castle of Weiltzburg Neverthelesse the Swedens Garrison behaved themselves valourously in making an honourable Accord though those Papists unworthily brake their promise for those that would not willingly serve were cut downe and the Towne by condescending was also plundered their wives and children were abused and the Burgomasters and Preachers were taken prisoners unto Engolstat and the Ports of the Towne they razed and burnt The thirtieth Observation IN this Expedition as in all the former his Majesties wisedome and diligence is praise-worthy for prosecuting his victories so orderly on the hot sent as the cunning Hunter doth his prey in giving one sweat after another till he kill or derne in putting the Fox in the earth and then hooke him out or starve him Likewise His Majestie also very wisely advancing within his enemies Country First made the passes sure behinde him in case of Retreate or of scarcitie of Amunition or victualls most prudently he left Generall Ruthven at Vlme as Governour being his magazin-Magazin-place and surest retreate being also made certaine of the Duke of Wittenbergs friendship who in necessitie was able to furnish him with a great supply of men moneys victualls and Amunition for his Armie being then one of the most powerfull Princes within Germany As also his Majestie having got Ausburg under subjection â—e very wisely left a part of his Armie to subdue the adjacent Cities in Schwabland to helpe his Contribution as Memmungen Pibrach Brandenburg on the River Elâ—e as also Midaleham Kaâ—ffbire and Kempten on the Leacke and Elve and that by the industry and diligence of Generall Major Ruthven with the rest of the young Cavaliers of the Scots Nation that followed him such as Colonell Hugh Hamilton Colonell Iohn Forbesse Lievetenant Colonell Gunne Lievetenant Colonell Mongomerie Major Ruthven Major Brumfield and divers other Scots Captaines such as Captaine Dumbarre that was killed by the Boores neere Vlme who all were obliged to Generall Ruthven not onely for their advancements but also for their meanes which they made in short time beyond their fellowes who had served longer by reason their lot was to have fallen in a fat soyle that abounded in riches and as their service to his Majestie was faithfull and loyall so his Majestie was liberall and bountifull in advancing them to titles of honour As also in bestowing on them Cadoucks and casualties to inrich them more than others whose fortunes were not to be so rewarded though their deservings were no lesse so that being rich in credit they care not for the want of abundance of externall things being inwardly contented through their vertue Here also we see that as his Majestie was circumspect for his retreate even so he was fore-seeing for the safetie of his Armie in not hazarding to ingage it too farre with disadvantage against the Dukes Armie and the strong Citie of Engâ—lstat being the best Strength for one within the Empire Neverthelesse having once recognosced the Citie he would not leave it till he had showne his resolution and left his intrenchment as the tokens of his worth in hazarding to beleaguer it having an Armie to second them and while as his Majesties horse was shot under him he said it did put him in minde he was but mortall and subject to mischances as others and therefore he knew no better remedie but to resigne himselfe and all his to the providence of the Almightie and that he was perswaded that though God should call him out of the world yet the Lord would not abandon his owne Cause being so just but he was assured God would stirre up some other worthier than he to put a period to those warres for the libertie of Gods service in Dutchland and withall he tooke God to witnesse he had no other intention in prosecuting those warres but onely to pull downe the tyranny of the house of Austria and to obtaine a solid and a setled peace unto all men that were interessed in the quarrell Where by this his speech we see that as he was a brave and a valourous King so he was wise at this time in preserving himselfe and his Armie from losing them before such a strong Citie As also we see that the Conditions of mortall men have their changes common unto them that oft-times they are crossed by contrary fortunes as formerly they did prosper and the Lord doth hide the causes of both from us to spurre us ever to seeke to his Majestie in doing good and those good of themselves as this just King was who notwithstanding had need of Gods direction in all his wayes and enterprises which should make us all earnest in seeking the Lord to direct us in all our wayes seeing of our selves we are not able to doe any thing that is good neither ought we to ascribe any thing of our prosperous successe or fortune unto our selves being but the Lords servants and instruments he useth as weake meanes of his glory and the well-fare of his Church on earth Our daily delight should be then to learne wisedome out of the actions of others and like the Bee that makes the honey to converse amongst good company that we may savour at least of their goodnesse following the footsteps of this Heroick and godly King fructifying ever during our life times unto all sort of well-doing till such time as we may end with glory living after death Moreover here we see his Majestie though on a march not neglective to discharge
were sent with a Convoy unto Ausburg to be kept there till the monies were paied His Majesty then fearing that Walestine lately made Generalissimus to the Emperours whole Army was coming with a strong Army out of Bohemia and his Majesty thinking he was to fall with those Forces into the Duke of Saxons country and seeing the Duke of Bavier had his Army ready at Rhinsberg and the passe open he might joyne with Walestine when he pleased and therefore his Majesty resolved suddenly to breake up with his Army from Munchen giving orders all should be in readinesse against the twenty sixth of May to march towards Donavert and from thence in haste to Nurenberg The thirty-one Observation WISE Generalls must resolve in time to rule their affaires according to the occurrences happening in the course of warres for the Duke of Bavier finding himselfe after Tillies death and his losse sustained at Rhine on the Leacke not bastant to rancounter his Majesties Army in the fields he very wisely resolved to make a defensive warre betaking himselfe with his Army within his Strengths and Passes collecting his Forces together at those two places of Engolstat and Rhinsberg which his Majesty perceiving thought againe it was not time for him to enter in beleaguering of such strengths being so strongly beset and so well provided especially seeing his enemies were drawing strong to the fields from all parts The Spaniard forcing his troopes on the Rhine within the Palatinat Generall Major Ossa coming behinde him with an Army in Schwabland the Duke of Bavier lying strong with his Army betwixt him and Nurenburg on the passes of Engolstat and Rhinsberg Walestine also drawing neere to the Duke of Saxon with a strong Army to fall into his country betwixt his Majesty and home and Papenhaim then dominiering in the nether Saxon Creitches in consideration whereof his Majesty very wisely resolved to hang the little Townes Cloisters and Abbacies belonging to the Papists in Bavaria by the Purse taking of them on the sudden all the monies they were able to give him and pledges for the rest promising unto them unlesse they would duely pay their promised contribution unto his Commissaries the next time he would burne their Dorpes and houses and put all to the sword whereas then he had used clemency in hope they would give the like obedience unto him as unto the Duke their Master For his Majesty did see the enemy forced him by a diversion And therefore he used his time while he was in Bavaria that they might not forget he had bin there but rather tooke tokens with him as men mony Armes rare monuments of antiquity and rich Iewells and which was worse wherein his Majesty had neither hand nor direction many of their houses Dorpes and Castles were burnt to the ground by evill and wicked instruments that repaied burning with burning using the Papists at home as they used Protestants abroade being neere the Baltique coast they never dreamed that the Protestants would come so farre up as to repay them under the foote of the Alpes And had Gustavus lived we had gone neere to warme them within Rome for their by-past cruelties where we see that God the righteous judge punisheth sinne with sinne and man by his owne iniquity His Majesty leaving no Garrison in Bavaria to keepe the country the better in awe and obedience he tooke Hostages and pledges of speciall men from them along with him to make them the readier to pay the summes they had promised As also their contribution and to make them the loather to rise againe in Armes against his Majesties Garrisons which lay adjacenâ— unto them The Duke of Baviers forces being retired within their strengths passes finding themselves not Bastant to offend his Majesties Army they fall out on the other side of the Danube towards the upper Paltz making their incursions there and take in Wisenburg where they used both Burgers and Souldiers more unhumanly then became Christians to doe In like manner we see here the diligence and celerity used by his Majesty according to the occasions that happened in going so suddenly towards Ossa and in returning againe at the Poast with a convoy of Dragoniers towards Munchen to breake up with his Army having left Duke Barnard of Wymar with Generall Major Ruthven to attend on Ossa his Army on the borders of Tyroll towards Landaw and the Boden sea till businesse were pacified Here then we see that his Majesties diligence and experience in warlike actions was so great that his enemies never plotted that enterprize but how soone it came once to his knowledge he presently with celerity and quicknesse of judgment could finde out the contrary remedy ever to make himselfe appeare in effect the most fortunate Commander that ever we read of For his great experience in warlike actions did confirme his judgment and his courage for he was not affraid to doe what he did learne and practise before and like a wise Generall he did ever watch against all unlooked for stroakes for nothing could come wrong unto him because he was alike for all having had the whole compend of wit in his braines he could well and wisely governe the Common-wealth to fight battailes was his delight in the mâ—king of Leaguers he excelled all other Generalls as Tilly did know Engines to devise to passe over Rivers or Fossies or walles was his master-peece as Tillies death can witnesse at the Leacke to plante batteries or to change therein he was profound witnesse also his crossing the Leacke if lines or approaches were to be altered his judgment then behooved to be used in a word he was the Master of Military discipline being risen from a prentise to the great professor of Arts in this eminent and high calling of a Souldier where it is requisit that as a man is valorous and judicious so he ought to be constant in keeping his word and truth inviolable as this King did to all his confederats and to his enemies also And therefore as a most pretious Iewell his remarkable example of vertue is to be followed by those who would prove Heroicke and Magnificent as he was And therefore I was serious to prie so deepe into his actions as that those whom I wish to succeede him in his vertues may follow his practises used in the conquest of a great part of Germany for his spirit alone and skill in warres was better then thousands of Armed men The like gifts I heartily wish to my Noble Patron his Highnesse the Prince Elector Palatine whom I wish to succeede him not only in his vertues but in his conquest also Seing then the greatest part of humane happinesse doth consist in vertue who ever then would be wise let him fix his eyes and his minde to judge other mens actions thereby to correct his owne looking unto all that was and is to th' end that through their example he may learne to better himselfe for so long he shall florish as
spending of a little provision which they had long kept in store to sustaine them in their necessities having had within their walls to sustaine dayly besides the Army eight hundred thousand soules being no small burthen to a Land-towne Here also we see his Majesties fore-sight in giving a kinde of content unto his Army according to his custome at such times the enemy drawing neere unto him to tie the Souldiers and their Officers to the greater obedience unto his Majesties commandements to undergoe whatsoever he was to command them and for to grieve the enemies by the rumour of monies which then was given out to his Majesties Souldiers the enemies Army might be disbandoned and monies being so rife amongst them to forsake their owne Colours and runne away unto his Majesties Army It must needs have bin an extraordinary great provision that sustained so many soules a day within the City whereunto a great part of the country people Gentry and Boores had runne together for refuge being a great number of people besides the Army which was sustained for three moneths together by the providence of God the Rector and Governour of the world and the Fountaine of all goodnesse this Omnipotent Omniscient and Invincible GOD governing all and over-seeing all by his providence at this time did so direct this people in middest of their troubles that they having recommended themselves and the event of their affaires to this great God they concluded that it was better to prevent then to suffer under the Tyranny of their enemies And therefore they fell to worke in earnest for their owne safeties and the safety of his Majesties Army being under God resolved to protect them The thirty-fourth Duty discharged at Nurenberg and of the occurrences there HIS Majesty having Recognosced the City and situation thereof finding his Forces weake in respect of the enemies he resolved to take all the advantage he could in setting downe his Leaguer for the preservation of his Army and the safety of the City and therefore he caused to draw the draught of the Leaguer to goe in a circular Orbe round the whole City the water running through the middest of it The Leaguer begun at the East without the Suburbes called in Dutch Marke were towards the South to the part called Lightenhooffe where his Majesties quarter was and from thence towards the west to the Townes new workes crossing over the water This Leaguer being accomplished in ten dayes and in full defence with strong Skonces Redoutes Fossies batteries and being well fortified round with Stakkets without the Fossio and at all sorting Ports being well foreseene with slaught-bomes and triangles well fastened and close His Majesty then upon the North side of the City made the retrenchment goe likewise round the City being also well fortified with strong Skonces and Fossies from the East unto the West beginning at the Marke Flect Were and going round the Iâ—den boole even to St. Iohn and the water closed Above the water on the hight was made a great Skonce and another great Skonce was made in the corner at Gostenhooffe with deepe water graffes having workes without it againe and halfe moones also before Steeâ—ehoole over against Schwennaw there was another Skonce fast and strong Likewise at the backe of the Dorpe Steenehoole towards the Leaguer there was another strong Skonce made likewise towards the wood at the South on the street called Rottenbacherstreete there was made an extraordinary strong Skonce set about with foure crossed Stakkets of strong timber so that there was no meanes to storme it the like was made on the streete called Altoffer streete These workes Skonces and Redoutes being accomplished a great number of Cannon great and small were brought on the workes the Batteries all ready there could be reckoned in the Leaguer about this Towne without the walls of Cannon on their Carriages above three hundred great and small Our Leaguer thus fortified the Emperiall Army led by the Duke of Fridland Walestine joyned with the Duke of Bavaria his Forces consisting both of fifty thousand men having the first of Iuly taken in Schawbach the second day after they drew towards the Dorpe called Steyne over against Nurenberg which doth lie about a Dutch mile from the Towne there they begun to pitch a Leaguer and from Steyne towards the Fleckt called Zerndorfe the Leaguer being well fortified on the seventh of Iuly the Duke of Fridland made his Leaguer also towards Zerndorfe on the top of the hill called Altberg wherein he tooke for an advantage an old ruinous and waste Castle neere which there lay a hunting house in the wood on the top of the hill over against the Fleckt-Fort which was called the old strength in Dutch This Fort he caused strongly to pallisade without the workes with Fossies and Stakkets without the fossie other great and strong Skonces he caused to make and divers other strong Skonces on the old hill the Fossies and brest workes were all fortified with great and strong Trees and within the workes were severall barrells or hogsheads filled with sand and stones for throwing placed on the Batteries and by this strong and great Leaguer Valestine did cut off from his Majesties Army and the Towne of Nurenberg all kinde of victualls or provision could come unto them by the Axile thinking thereby to blocke up his Majesties Army forceing him to take another resolution and then he thought to compell the Kings Majesty to a peace according to his minde These two Armies thus incamped and set downe opposite one against another they begun all of them as they went forth in the country about to steale to rob to plunder and to spoile the whole country for to supply with victualls and other furniture these two great new-founded Cities of short continuance though it is certaine many of them did get life-rent-leases of their new built houses Thus having set downe the manner of both the Armies incamping we lay still one against another a long time neither giving nor offering offence one to another except it were by meere accident in the country amongst stragling troopes Neverthelesse though we looked on each others we had our watches night and day before one anothers noses without loosing of one Pistoll or without one Alarum in two moneths time as if in effect there were a Stil-stand of Peace During this time we were thus looking one to another the Spaniard finding his Majesty with the maine Army farre off he resolved to take his time in the Paltz and crossing the Mosel againe towards Alzie his Excellence the Rex-chancellour Oxensterne having intelligence of their coming he did bring his horsemen over the Rhine and suffered the Spaniard to draw neere Mentz and then marched unto them in the meane time the Spanish Generall Comissary Lookas Cagro did breake up with twelve Companies of horse giving orders to the rest to follow him of intention to fall unlooked for on the Rhine-graves quarter But he did count without
to the sword plundered all out and burnt all the Towne to three houses By this time the Garrison of Heidelberg coming towards Wisloch wherein did lie a Company of Dragoniers and a Troope of Horse of the Markgrave Fon Tourlochs folke beleaguers it and by casting fire in the Towne sets three houses on fire whereof the Felt-marshall Gustavus Horne being made fore-seene he with all his Forces did breake up and marched the Heidelbergish Garrison being acquainted with this advancement of the Felt-marshalls they incontinent retired in great haste on Heidelberg and having before their up-breaking from Heidelberg desired succours from Ossa and Mountecucule their Corporall and six Horsemen at their backe coming being taken prisoners by the Swedens the Feltmarshall did finde by their Letters that on the sixt of August their whole Horsemen had appointed Randezvouz at Metternigh to goe for Wisloch whereupon his Excellence did draw neere to their Randezvouz place and attended their coming being unlooked for by them in the meane time the Emperialists were advertised that those of Heidelberg had got in Wisloch and were againe blocked up by some Swedens Forces whereupon Ossa Mountecucule the Colonell Mountelabam and Witzone with the fore-Troopes of Horse being a thousand Horse march on for the Reliefe and unlooked for were pursued by the Swedens whereof two hundred among whom was the Colonell Mountelaban and other Officers were killed many taken and the rest all scattered Whereupon Ossa and Mountecucule with the rest of the folke that were lying at Oberhawsen and Rhinehawsen in all haste did set over the Rhine at Philipsburg The Feltmarshall followed hard and finding he could get no more of them he returned over the Rhine againe and getting the Strasburg passe Rhinebroucke he held on his march further unto Elsas with the Horsemen during which time his foote Forces with the Wirtenbergers beleaguered the passe Stolhossen and getting it in by Accord they marched five thousand strong over at Strasburg unto upper Elsas whereat the Emperialists were mightily afraid and without night or dayes rest they marched towards Colmarschletstad Brisach in the upper Elsas in all haste by taking them to those parts for their Retreate but the Swedens following them hot-foote they tooke in divers places and made good bootie on their march and at last after in-taking of Ofâ—enburg by Accord they marched then towards Bentfield the Bishop his chiefe Strength and beleaguered it By this time also Feltmarshall Arnheim leading the Saxons Armie did fall in strong into Silesia taking in Groseglogaw and other parts thereabouts and all the Emperialists marched towards him with a strong and mightie Armie There were incontinent certaine Swedish and Brandeburgh forces joyned with Arnheim who did set on the Emperialists by Steinove beate them in the fields and followed them unto Brisloe and then after the Emperialists intrenched themselves betwixt Bresloe and the Oder Neverthelesse they were hunted up againe by the Swedens and Saxons who followed them from place to place and did get the Thumbe at Bresloe where they did get great bootie from the Emperialists and not contented with this the Swedens and Saxons followed them over the River at Ollawe and did set on the Emperialists againe not farre from Wiâ—â—sloe obtaining a great victory over them againe where many brave fellowes were taken prisoners many also were killed and the rest scattered so that the Swedens and Saxons were Masters of the greatest part of Silesia and they made the Towne of Bresloe to accommodate themselves in confederacy on certaine Conditions with the Swedens and Saxons while as we at Nurenberg for six weekes together used no great hostilitie but lay secure within our Leaguers as within walled Townes but at such times as we were commanded forth as Convoyes for our Horsemen that went for forrage and then sometimes we lighted on one another striving alwayes for elbowroome whereof at length the Emperialists made us very crimpe or scarce having but one quarter of our Leaguer free to bring in our forrage being onely from the Southwest The thirty-fourth Observation WEE reade in Dion that after Caesar had wonne the Battaile of Pharsalia amongst the honours the Senate had ordained to be given unto him they commanded to dresse for him a Triumphing Chariot which was set opposite to Iupiter within the Capitoll and that he should stand on a Globe representing the world with the inscription Semi-Deus est Even so the Lords of Nurenberg in consideration of the great respect they carried unto his Majesty of Sweden at the first entering their City after the Battaile of Leipsigh they presented two Globes unto his Majesty a Terrestiall and a Coelestiall in signe of their love and obedience unto his Majesty and his Majesty againe by his Royall word promised under God to defend and protect them against all mortalls and being thus engaged unto them their enemies menacing their ruine with a mighty and a strong Army being minded to overcome them with the sword or to make them starve by hunger having closed up as they thought all passes where through succours could come unto them by planting of a wonderfull strong Leaguer about them of intention to blocke them and his Majesties Army both within them being then but weake within their Trenches and walles His Majesty againe like a wise Generall pondering and considering how weighty his enemies enterprizes were in seeking to overcome Nurenberg and knowing if that once they did get Nurenberg on their side the rest of the great Cities would follow in regard whereof his Majesty resolved the safest course for him and the Towne both was to set downe his Leaguer strongly betwixt the Towne and the enemy aswell to hinder their correspondence in case of their unconstancy as for their defence in case of their loyalty For his Majesty knew well there was as great vertue in keeping of a conquest as in getting of it And therefore at this time as formerly at Statin Werben and at Wertzburg against Tilly he resolved to take him to a defensive warre with the spade and the shovell putting his Army within workes having the supply of such a back-friend as Nurenberg was to assist him with men meate and Amunition untill such time as he might weary his enemy as formerly he had done or that succours might come to him that he were bastant for them in the fields and having thus happily resolved both the Armies strongly intrenched before others they did bring the eyes of all the Potentates in Europe upon their actions and designes to see how the end would prove and who should be thought wisest of both But you shall see that he that was at this time the terrour of the world the subduer of Sweden the daunter of Pole and Denmark and the hope of Britaine Holland and Germany was able even unto his death to suppresse the pride and Tyranny of the house of Austria and of his Ministers and Servants being all but Novices in warres in comparison to the
in preserving my life by Gods providence for that time Notwithstanding of this my hurt finding my selfe in strength though I lost much bloud I remained on my Poste till neere night my Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Sinclair was sent with five hundred Musketiers to relieve me where I did bring off but the least number of my men having lost neere two hundred besides those Officers and Souldiers that were hurt and my Lievetenant Colonell brought off the next morning fewer than I did for those who were not kill'd or hurt being in the night through plaine feare they left him so that at last he brought not off of his whole number above thirty Officers and all On this occasion a valorous young Gentleman being one of my Captaines called Patrike Ennis who having behaved himselfe well the whole time that he was on service being commanded amongst strangers on another Poste than mine a reliefe being come to releeve him he went to shew the Poste he was on to his Camerade and shewing him where his Centries stoode then after out of resolution to shew more courage than was needfull in open view of his enemy florishing his sword and crying aloud Vive Gustavus he was shot through the head being much regrated by all his Camerades Likewise with him a young man Hector Monro Catvalls Sonne uncommanded voluntarily having taken a Musket and gone on service he was shot alongst the braines and lived a fortnight after which shot was wonderfull for the side of his head that the Bullet lighted on the skull was whole nevâ—rthelesse through his great torment the Chirurgian having made inciâ—ion on the other side of his head to see if the skull was whole but being found splent on that side so that his braines could be seene his wound was uncurable Likewise on this dayes service were killed on our side Generall Major Boetins Lievetenant Colonell Septer Lievetenant Colonell Macken Rutmaster Morrits Lievetenant Colonell Welsten and divers inferiour Officers and above twelve hundered Souldiers the Grave Fon Erbach was also killed and divers Officers were hurt as the Grave Fon Ebersteene the Grave Fon Torne Colonell Porte and of our country-men under Spence his Regiment Captaine Traile was shot through the throate As also Captaine Vausse under Colonell Monro of Fowles his Regiment was shot in the shoulder and the Colonell of the Artillery Leonard Richardson with Colonell Erich Handson being both Swedens with two Lievetenant Colonells were taken Prisoners Likewise on this service there were hurt of our Souldiers above two thousand which were put under cure in Nurenberg The Officers killed of the Emperialists were Colonell Iacob Fugger Colonell Obdo Brandine Colonell Fon Maria de Caras and above forty inferiour Officers with twelve hundred Souldiers which they lost Likewise Walestine his horse and Duke Barnard of Wymars were both shot under them The day thus past in the night for the most part they lay quiet and the day being come I was commanded notwitstanding of my hurt by Duke William of Wymar having attended on him the whole last night to goe and receive five hundred Musketiers for to bring off those had bin all night on the Poste being ordained to come off with them and to make the retreate good I being gone to receive the party come together his Majesty coming by and knowing I was hurt commanded me to retire backe with the party and went himselfe to make the retreate wonderfully bringing them off from all Poasts without one shot of Musket or Pistoll till we drew up the Army againe within reach of Cannon so that there were killed to me of my owne Company three Souldiers and having removed a little further off his Majesty drawing up the whole Army in Battaile Horse Foote and Artillery there was presently order given for drawing out of a new Leaguer the draught whereof being finished every Briggads quarter being knowne we begun to worke againe in â—ight of the enemy till that in spight of him we were closed in ten dayes time within a fast Leaguer againe which was strongly pallisaded without the Graffe where we did lie without invasion in quietnesse to the sixt of September that his Majesty perceiving the scarcity of victualls growing great from day to day and the scarcity of forrage Therefore his Majesty resolved to take the start of his enemy in being the first up-breaker knowing assuredly he was not able to lie long after him The thirty-sixt Observation HERE we see that nothing is more forcible to suppresse the vanting of an enemy than a timely succours as came here unto our Army in despight of the enemy who before their coming did mightily vaunt they would cut off our succours before they could joyne with us really and then they would with hunger starve both the City and our Leaguer which hardly they could doe we being provided of good men to fight as also of good entertainment to sustaine our number But the enemy feebly remaining within his workes though beyond us in number we thundered on them with Cannon repaying their cannonading spent before Verbine the yeare before on the Elve And it is thought that the invention of Cannon was found first at Nurenberg for the ruine of man being at first a long time used for battering downe of walles and Cities and for counter-batteries till at last they were used in the fields to breake the Squadrons and battailes of foote and horse some carrying peeces called Spingards of fâ—ure foote and a halfe long that shot many bullets at once no greater then Walnuts which were carried in the fields on little Chariots behinde the troopes and how soone the Trumpet did sound the enemy was thundred on first with those as with shoures of haile-stone so that the enemies were cruelly affrighted with them men of valour being suddenly taken away who before were wont to fight valiantly and long with the Sword and Launce more for the honour of victory then for any desire of shedding of bloud but now men are martery zed and cut downe at more than halfe a mile of distance by those furious and thundring Engines of great Cannon that sometimes shoote fiery bullets able to burne whole Cities Castles houses or bridges where they chance to light and if they happen to light within walles or amongst a Briggad of foote or horse as they did at Leipsigh on the Grave fon Torne his Briggad spoiling a number at once as doubtlesse this Devilish invention did within Walestine his Leaguer at this time Likewise here we have set before us the revolution of humane affaires being ever inconstant shewing us that good Fortune Lucke or chance as they call it is never still in one side for his Majesty that formerly was alike fortunate with few as with many here though having a mighty strong Army he is crossed being frustrate of his expectation arising by the neglect of a small point of recognosâ—ing his Majesty having trusted too much to others wrong relation that did not satisfie
dayes attending what the Emperiall Armie would undertake having still an eye in our necke-pole We got intelligence that the Duke of Fridland Walestine and the Duke of Bavere did breake up with their Armies taking their march through Furt towards Boocke and then to Forcham burning off all the dorpes that lay nearest Nurenberg being all the valiant deedes they had done the whole Summer and the fourteenth of September being quite gone divers Burgers and Souldiers of the Nurenbergers with the Countrie Boores in all haste ranne unto their Leaguer where they found a thousand waggons besides those were burnt which they transported to Nurenberg together with a great quantitie of Iron above tenne thousand Centeurs of waight and a great quantitie of meale corne and flesh which all in foureteene dayes was not brought unto the Towne after their going whereat many did wonder The enemie also left behind them many sicke and wondâ—d Souldiers uncured amongst whom all that time death was very frequent aswell of men as of beasts for thousands of horse and cattell were lost Likewise in the Swedens Leaguer about the Citie were fallen above foure thousand horse and cattell and within the Citie were also many dead As Walestine was come to Forcham he directed Generall Major Galasse with some horse and foote unto the Woigkeland who in his march by Nurenberg did deale very slightly with Lawffe Griffenberg Welden and Harchbrook which he tooke in and Griffenberg he burnt and in the rest he caused to cut off divers Burgers and Souldiers making many poore men with plundering and cruell exactions of mony and from thence in Woiteland towards Egger and further till he joyned with Holke being both as Simeon and Levi continuing their march towards the Elve taking in Kemnets Friberg Meissen and divers other partes exacting great contribution and borneshets or compositions pressing an infinite deale of money out of the Duke of Saxons hereditary lands using great and extraordinary enormities over the whole lands belonging to the Saxon by reason the Dukes Armie lay then farre off in Silesia not being possible for him to releeve his owne Countrey Walestine also from Forcham marched towards Saxonie and the Duke of Bavaria to quench the fire that was already kindled there by the Swedens marched to Bavere The Emperiall Armie thus separated his Majestie laie still at Newstad till such time as he saw their severall intentions and then disposing of his Armie accordingly First the Marquesse of Hamilton was gratiously dismissed by his Majestie taking his journey from thence towards France unto Brittaine and having taken leave of his Majestie at Newstad his Excellence was most honourably conveyed by the whole Officers his Country-men that served the Swedens who having taken leave of his Excellence a mile from the Leaguer they returned and his Excellence accompanied with Sir Iames Hamilton of Priestfield Colonell Sir Iames Ramsey called the Faire Colonell and Sir Iohn Hepburne Colonell having taken good night of all their Noble Camerades they continued their journey unto Brittaine and we returned to prepare our selves for a march and a separation which immediatly the next day did follow his Maiestie having given orders to call in all Safe-guardes and the next morning to be in readinesse to march The thirty-seventh Observation THE separation of these two mightie Armies was wonderfull without shot of Cannon Musket or Pistoll the like we can hardly finde in any Historie We see then here that when the foundation of mans actions is laid sure by vertue the building hardly can faile especially when we lay our chiefe dependance on God and our cause being good the lawfull meanes used as was done here by the Lyon of the North the Invincible King of Sweden in defence of Nurenberg the libertie of Dutch-land and freedome of Christs Gospell then I say the event must needs be answerable to the ground laid to wit the freedome of this Citie and the preservation of his Majesties Armie both which we see by this separation where the enemy had not the heart to pursue us having Gustavus and his Fortunes with us Notwithstanding of their powerfull and mightie Armie which the Papists themselves did set and estâ—â—me to be threescore thousand men being then of opinion that that Summer they were able to over-swimme the whole Empire and all their enemies yet with all their bragging they durst never present themselves in the Fields with one Cornet Colour or Regiment before Gustavus being terrified at his presence which did prove their valour was not correspondent to their power in Armes otherwise they had given us greater reason to have esteemed better of their Conduct so that wee see there is neither wisedome force or power of counsell that can prevaile against that cause the Lord defends and who can thinke those could prosper better who formerly pressed by their crueltie to have subverted the truth of Religion by banishing the Gospell and Ministers of it forcing Commons against Conscience either to forsake their Country and possessions or to renounce the truth they professed persecuting those that would not conforme themselves to their Devilish Traditions what wonder then those Generalls could not prosper against the truth or against him that tooke the defence both of truth and people against the Tyranny of the house of Austria and their cruell Generalls that were not onely cruell to their enemies but also to their servants and Souldiers whom they left bleeding behinde them in their Leaguer destitute of all comfort not so much as once to cause to dresse their wounds that they received honourably for their safeties Truly I dare be bold to say the Lord will not suffer the negligence and inhumane crueltie of such Commanders to be unpunished that left unchristianly those poore Souldiers which were bould to open their brests to receive wounds for the safetie of those that had no compassion on them in their extremities O crueltie of all cruelties when we see a valiant Souldier naked hungry or pined with his wounds bleeding for our sakes and then to leave them destitute of helpe to the mercy of their enemies especially when we are not compelled to leave them This fault of all faults in a Commander or Souldier in my minde is most unpardonable which is too common Therefore I conclude such persons to be unworthy Command that preferre any thing before the health of those who were willing to give their lives for the safetie of their Commanders Sith then we see that the greatest part of humane happinesse doth consist in vertue let him that would prove wise fix his eyes and minde to judge other mens actions to the end he may grow the more circumspect and prudent pressing to doe good by continuance of time if he but observe the varieties of chances incident unto all estates from the Crowne to the lowest Cottage in the end through their examples he may learne to better himselfe and become wise in his profession for a diligent servant to such a Master
one day our sorrow shall turne to joy and our teares shall turne to smiles our weeping unto a streame of pleasures and our labour unto eternall rest that as we followed the Lyon of the North the invincible King of Sweden in fighting the Lords Battailes here even so we shall follow the Lambe unto the Heavenly Ierusalem hereafter The cruelty and Tyranny used by the Emperiall Officers in Saxony who neither spared man nor woman is rather to be pittied by Christians then any wayes to be imitated which cruelty did presage their ruine to come for nothing vehement in that kinde did ever remaine long unpunished and though for a time the Devills rage at last they are cast into perpetuall darkenesse Papenhaim returning from Mastricht we see was immoderate in his victories and forbearing to shew mercy at all he domineered in his Tyranny running so long as he had feete some he did hang by their purses and some by their necks by halfes for not paying the Ransome of others Such injustice the God of mercy and goodnesse did not suffer long unpunished and it is to be pittied that such exorbitant pride had bin cohabitant in so valorous a Captaine for it is certaine when a man of warre groweth too proud of his victories refusing mercy then commonly approach punishments woe for a proud warriour as this was viz. errour in counsell and unhappy successe in his best actions for how soone a man beginneth to grow proud and to be secure then cometh punishment and as pride groweth so vertue decaieth and though the punishment of pride and cruelty sometimes comes late yet sure it never comes light and it is most certaine there is ever some fatality incident unto those who are desirous of vaine glory through pride Our desire then should be to be humble that we be not rejected with disdaine as those proud Cavaliers rejected the poore Supplicants who though begging mercy were not heard whose exorbitant wickednesse should teach us not to imitate their examples but rather through grace presse to eschew their punishment both temporall and eternall The thirty-ninth Duty discharged of our March to Dunkelspill and from thence unto Bavier HIS Majesty returning from Rottenburg with the Queenes Majesty they marched with the Army towards Dunkelspill where they did lie three dayes during which time I was glad looking for no life to have bin eased by the helpe of good and learned Physitians There I was left the Army continuing their march upon Nerling making all the expedition and haste was possible to relieve Rhine on the Leacke being beleagured by the Duke of Bavier his forces and his Majesty coming to the Leacke he received newes the Towne was given over and the Bridge being cast off his Majesty was hindered the passage whereupon his Majesty directed baâ—ke the Queene to Donavert and incontinent begunne to prepare for the beleaguering of Rhine againe the Bridge being repared he set over his Army the thirtith of September and incontinent begun his aproaches the Emperialists at first plaied hard with Cannon and Musket till night that his Majesties Batteries were ready The first of October early in the morning the mist was so thicke that his Majesty approached very neere the walles and that orderly the Batteries being ready the Cannon planted in the mist by nine of the clocke his Majesty saluted the Towne with a Salve of Musket and Cannon where incontinent the feeble Bearish Commanders entred in accord which was granted unto them so that his Majesty by the assistance of God got this Towne againe in two houres time after the Batteries were ready and that contrary to his Majesties expectation who did not expect the getting of it in lesse then six dayes The Dukes foote Souldiers were suffered to march out without Armes and the horsmen without their horses and his Majesty being offended with the Dutch Colonell called Metzfell notwitstanding of the recovery of the Towne he was brought before a Counsell of warres at Newburg on the Danow being accused he had given over the Towne without any necessity making his Accord contrary to his Officers wills which they having testified against him by a sentence of the Counsell of warre he was beheaded the eighth of October and those Officers of his Regiment which subscribed the Accord were ordained to carry no charge under his Majesties Army and the Officers which withstoode the Accord were assoiled from the sentence as faithfull servants to their Master The said day after the execution his Majesty returned with the Army towards Rhine from Newburg where againe his Majesty divided the Army and having beset Aâ—sburg Rhine and Donavert well he tooke the yellow and blew Briggad with himselfe leaving our Briggad after long advisement and the rest of the Army under the Command of Palsgrave Christian Fon Brickfeld and Generall Major Ruthven to attend on the Dukes forces and to maintaine Schwabland with the passes which we had already in Bavaria His Majesty then taking leave of our Briggad in view of the whole Army thanked us for our former service and in particular he expressed his affection unto me and to Lievetenant Colonell Mustein shewing he was greeved to leave us behinde yet in respect of the long march he had unto Saxony and considering the weakenesse of both our Regiments that were weakned by the toyle of warre and the dint of the enemies Armies and therefore in consideration of their former good service he had ordained muster-Muster-places for us the best in Schwabland for to strengthen our Regiments against his returne and withall commanded us to see it done as we would expect his favour and then calling on Palsgrave Christian to whom he had given command over us and the Army recommending us particularly unto him desired him to give us contentment of the monies were then resting unto us and that out of the first money was to be received at Ausburg Having after that taken leave of the whole Army his Majesty returned to Donavert where the Queene did attend his coming being making ready for the march unto Saxon. As soone as his Majesty had dined at Donavert with the Queene going to his Coach I tooke leave of his Majesty and the Queene in presence of Generall Banier Palsgrave Christian Sir Paâ—rike Ruthven and divers other worthy Cavaliers being the most dolefull parting I ever suffered having bin still both I and our Regiment with his Majesty on all service of importance since his Majesties upbreaking from Staâ—in in Pomeren till this parting at Donavert on the Danube the eleventh of October 1632. His Majesty having that night lien at Nerlin from thence the next day he directed the Queenes Majesty with the foote Briggads to march on Dunkelspill and from thence to Rottenberg his Majesty then with a party went for Nurenberg and before his coming Kniphowsen with some forces was marched to take in Lawffe from the enemy who at first defended themselves well But in the end they were compelled to come forth
Vlme where he was buried and there after my brother was killed by the insolency of some Dutch Souldiers which were of another Regiment not his owne who was also buried at Bachrach on the Rhine and his Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Monro discharging himselfe of the Regiment they were reduced at Heidelberg on the Neckar to two Companies under Captaine Adam Gordon and Captaine Nicholas Rosse which two Companies by the Chancellor his Orders I tooke from Palsgrave Christian his Armie and marched with them to Donavert where in Iuly 1633. I joyned them to my Regiment of whom I tooke leave leaving them under Command of my Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Sinclaire who immediatly afterward was killed at Newmark in the upper Palatinate and was transported to be buried at Donavert My Major William Stewart succeeded to the Lievetenant Colonell's place I being gone for a Recreut to my Regiment unto Britaine From that time to the Battaile of Nerling being a yeare they were led by Lievtenant Colonell Stewart brother to Claire And since I did not see the service I continue to speake of the last yeares Expedition till I be informed of those who did see the service as I did the rest The forty-two Observation being the last IN warres wisedome is of such worth that the spirit and skill of one Commander is sometimes better than thousands of armed men And nothing encourages an Enemy more than the foolishnesse and ignorance of their Enemies in warlike businesse But on the contrary he sleepes not sound that hath a wise enemy For a wise Leader doth all things wisely and it becomes not a Leader to use himselfe to vanitie or to intemperate appetites for how can he command others that never pressed to command his owne inordinate desires and brave Leaders of Armies and valourous Captaines should ever looke to their honour and renowne more than unto riches or pleasure spoyle or gaine quitting the spoyle of their Enemies to their Souldiers they ought to reserve the honour and fame for themselves for he wants not meanes but inriches his family that hath wonne credit and leaves it to his posteritie Our contestation then should be for honour and credit and not for unlawfull spoyle or gaine esteeming more of magnanimitie where ever it is found than of riches attained unto it may be through feeblenesse and cowardice lying in a Garrison having never seen an enemy or a man killed in the Fields when other Cavaliers did shew their valour before their enemies gaining more credit though lesse wealth which is of shortest continuance For we are not worthy the name of Souldiers if we glory as many doe more in gathering riches that perish faster than they come than we doe to get an immortall good name for we must thinke still that true honour doth consist onely in vertuous actions which should make us more ambitious of credit than of unlawfull gaine attained unto by avarice Here also we see great difference betwixt Leaders For after we had gotten Feltmarshall Horne to leade us we began by his valourous good Conduct to recover againe what others had suffered the Enemy to possesse and before he advanced he made his friends sure behind him as Vlme and the Duke of Vertenberg that alwayes in necessitie he might make a safe retreate as a wise Generall ought to doe looking what might happen So then we see that as Resolution is needfull Counsell is not to be despised coming from a stedfast minde for it is better to save our selves and others than to be the Instruments to lose both But when we have no time to resolve long in matters deplorable then resolution should have place before long advisement Here also I did observe that Generalls are forced to be ruled according to the occurrences in warre For the Feltmarshall thinking to get advantage of the enemies Armie he left the Garrison of Memming behinde him For he knew well if once he did beate or remove the enemies Armie he could deale the easier with the Garrison in subduing of it Moreover we see here how necessary Cannon are to a Generall to make a safe Retreate getting any advantage of ground Likewise we see here the goodnesse of Intelligence which is ever most necessary to an Armie without which no good can be done or effectuated Which made the Feltmarshall quit the gaining of Kempten to save the Country of Vertenberg by his diligence and celeritie in marching to gaine the passe before the Imperialists On the other part sloath and neglective watch is to be condemned while as through securitie Cavaliers suffer themselves to be surprised as became of the French Marquesse and Colonell Iohn Forbesse being both taken in their beds who ought rather through good Intelligence to have been on Horsebacke in the Fields before the Enemies comming Also the valour of those Cavaliers that made the Retreate good is worthy praise they having carried the tokens of their valour in their bodies for the safetie of their Camerades My Cosen Fowles being shot in the foot retired to Vlme to be cured who through the smart of his wound fell into a languishing Feaver and as the wound was painfull to the body so the sinfull body was painfull to the soule the body being endangered except the wound were cured and the soule was not sound till the bodies sinne were healed and both for six weekes did much smart the patient while as his wounds were dressed But though his bodily wound was incurable yet his soule was cured by the punishment of his body For all the time he like to a good Christian made himselfe night and day familiar by prayers unto God till he found reconciliation through Christ. So that his end was glorious having long smarted under correction though his life was painfull O happie wounds that killed the body being they were the meanes to save the soule by bringing him to repentance Let no friend then bedew their eyes for him that lived honourable as a Souldier and dyed so happie as a good Christian. My brother Colonell Monro of Obstell being untimely and innocently taken out of this life being a true Christian and a right Traveller His life was his walke Christ his way and Heaven his home And though during his life time his pilgrimage was painfull yet the world knowes his way did lead to perfection for he leaned still on Christ in whom he was made perfect And therefore let no man doubt that though his end was sudden but his home was pleasing being by his brethren after death made welcome to Heaven and though he travelled hard yet I perswade my selfe he walked right and therefore was rewarded and made welcome through Christ his Redeemer Shortly after him my deare Cosen and Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Sinclaire being killed at Newmark he did leave me and all his acquaintance sorrowfull especially those brave Heroicks Duke Barnard of Wymar and Feltmarshall Horne whom he truely followed and valourously obeyed till his last houre having much worth he was much
above all things you are to command them to keepe silence not babling one to another neither in their motions to suffer their Armes to rattle one against another alwayes to take heede to their Leaders that goe before them and to follow them orderly without disturbance keeping and observing their due distance either of Ranckes or Files which may be easily done if they but duely follow their Leaders and have an eye on their right and left fellow Camerades for keeping their Ranckes even in a like Front Likewise they are to observe when they are commanded to turne any where whether it be by Rancks or Files that their faces may by turned to the hand they are commanded to before they sturre to march and then to march alike and when ever they â—ouble Rancks or Files or counter-march they must ever observe to retire to the contrary hand they were commanded to double on if they doubled to the right when they fall off they retire turning to the left hand et contra for avoiding of disorder or hinderance that their Armes would make if they retired to the same hand they were commanded to double or march to In their counter-marches it is also requisit in time of exercise that neither Officer nor Souldier doe presume to command direct or finde fault with the errour but he that commands in chiefe whether he be superiour or inferiour Officer for the time since it is said when many speake few heare Therefore he must command alone suffering no rivall for avoiding of disorder Order therefore of distance being a chiefe point observed in exercising is three fold to wit Open order of Rancks or Files is six foote of distance being betwixt Rancks and Files both alike only requisit to be observed in mustering or while as they stand in danger of Cannon not being in battaile where in battaile order the distance to be observed betwixt Rancks or Files should be three foote where Elbow to Elbow of the side Camerades may joyne where in the open order aforesaid hand to hand can but joyne But in close order used most in conversion or wheeling is shoulder to shoulder and foote to foote firme keeping themselves together for feare to be put asunder by the force of their enemies and then to disorder which is ever to be looked unto chiefely before an enemy Your speech thus ended for your generall directions you begin againe to command silence and to take heed what is commanded to be done saying Height your Musketiers dresse your Rancks and Files to your open order of six foote and take heede To the right hand turne as you were To the left hand turne as you were To the right hand about turne as you were To the left hand about turne as you were To the right hand double your Rancks as you were To the left hand double your Rancks as you were The even Rancks or Files double ever unto the odde and the fourth Rancke is the middle Rancke of six To the right hand double your Files as you were To the left hand double your Files as you were Middle-men or fourth Rancke to the right hand double your Front To the left hand retire as you were Middle-men to the left hand double your Front To the right hand as you were Nota. The sixth Rancke is called bringers up or reare or under Rot-masters Bringers up to the right hand double your Front To the left hand as you were Bringers up to the left hand double your Front To the right hand as you were All that doubled turne first about and then they retire falling behinde those were their Leaders before in the same place or distance This doubling of the bringers up or of middle-men is very requisit in giving a generall salve of Musket and as it is to be observed in rancks that the best men are placed in front reare and middle even so in files every Corporalship being foure files of Musketiers the likeliest are put ever in the right and left files of the foure being also of best experience The doubling of rancks being done and all remitted in good order and to their first distance of open order you are to command and exercise Souldiers in three severall wayes of counter-marching requisit in some respects but in my opinion to be used but seldome except it be in necessity in such parts as the ground will not permit otherwise therefore to avoide disorder Souldiers ought not to be ignorant of any of the three sorts of counter-marching First having commanded the Souldiers to dresse their rancks and files and to carry their Muskets handsomly keeping silence say To the right hand the counter-march without noise or losing of ground To the left hand retire againe to the former ground Then command againe to dresse rancks and files and to right their Armes keeping silence taking heede to what is to be commanded and say To the right hand turne Then the Flancke before being now the Front command To the right hand counter-march and lose no ground To the left hand as you were This is used ordinarily to change one wing of Battaile in place of the other then that the Front may be as it was first before they Countermarcht To the left hand turne dresse your Rankes and Files and be silent Another sort of Countermarch is the Slavonian countermarch where you lose ground the Front being changed also then you command the first Ranke to turne about to the right hand then you say to the rest Countermarch and through to your former distance after your Leaders Then say Leaders as you were and to the rest To the left hand countermarch as you were to your first ground The third sort of countermarch I esteeme most of to be practised being rather a conversion very requisit to be well knowne to all Souldiers in all Armies chiefly to be used before an enemy for as it is most sudden so in my opinion it breeds least disorder and disturbance the Souldiers once used to it of themselves they will willingly doe it on any occasion the body being before in open order or Battaile order say Close the Ranks and Files to your closse order without encumbering one of another every man following right his owne Leader keeping closse to his side man then say To the right hand the quarter turne halfe or whole as the occasion and the ground doth permit and then say Dresse your Armes and follow your Leaders and open againe to your Battaile order Lastly the body of your Musketiers exercised perfectly after this manner for the better bringing of them in exercise and breath that in case any disorder may happen amongst them they may the better afterward be acquainted one with another say to your open order of six foote distances Open both Rankes and Files and set downe your Armes handsomely where you stand then command your Sergeant to goe an hundred paces from the body of your Musketiers and sticke in his Holbert in the ground then
become wise first by thinking what is past and in whose time of their Predecessours things were best governed Secondly he must diligently observe the good to come what can be profitable for him and what not that he may eschew the evill to come and embrace the good Thirdly he should observe the good customes and lawes past being provident mindfull understanding reasonable diligent tractable expert and cunning and he must consider foure good things What is his aime The way and manner he aimes at The person aiming And those he governes XII A Souldier without letters is like a ship without a Rudder or like a bird without feathers but having letters he findes wherewith he can be made wiser finding out by letters courage and many other great helpes to governe and direct those aright whom he commands neither is that fortune in the world to be had where out of letters his knowledge may not be bettered if he be but painfull for being lettered he can strictly keepe under the cruell and defend lawes without terrour temperating them to his minde the meeke also he can civilly admonish and the deceitfull he can wisely goe about and the simple he can handle with lenity shewing his prudency in all his actions foreseeing all dangers which may happen Therefore we see that science to a man of warre is a brave Mistresse teaching him to doe all things as they did in old times XIII It is a hard matter when the diligent and industrious Souldier is disappointed of his hire and that he is rewarded with injury who did merit better This of all evills is most insufferable that he who deserveth a reward should be frustrate of his hopes for reward is due unto valiant Captaines and Souldiers that were instruments in chiefe of victory glory and honour as Sir Iames Ramsey and Sir Iohn Hamilton were in forcing the passage to the Castle of Vertzberg who neverthelesse were frustrate of reward and therefore I cannot but allow of the resolution of Sir Iohn Hamilton being no Souldier of Fortune that tooke his Passe of the Sweden for being frustrate of the reward of his vertue seeing those disdained that did merit best Where we see that a gentle heart being crossed contrary to reason doth presently resent his wrongs pointing out to the world that he is not the man that can suffer or swallow a seene injury done to him and his Nation XIIII It is better to feare evill preparing our selves for danger then through too much security and contempt of the enemy to suffer our selves to be overcome for it is dangerous to have to doe with a desperate body seeing necessity maketh those that are fearefull to become stout and those who feare no dangers are easily lost as witnesseth the death of the Invincible King of Sweden and those dangers ought to be eschewed from whence ariseth greatest evill and experience hath taught us that nothing is more dangerous in warres then to fight great battailes on unequall termes as witnesseth the dolefull battaile fought at Nerling in August 1634. After which losse those that should have fought for their country their wives and children did prove feeble cowards viz. the German Princes Saxon Brandeburg Lunenburg with the rest of the Gentrie giving occasion to others that came to helpe them for to leave them It is no wonder then they be plagued themselves wishing helpe another time when justly they cannot have it having rewarded their helpers so ill as they have done and through their covetousnesse and niggardly sparing bin the cause and instruments of their owne overthrowes and of the losse of the cause being I feare the fore-runners of their Successours punishment which I wish may not happen XV. Before the fall of Kingdomes arise dissensions that overthrow the confederates more than their enemies as it happened here in our late warres of Germanie after the death of his Majestie of Sweden the Dutch Princes especially Saxon slighting his Excellencie the Rex-chancellour of Sweden and his Directorium as Supreame calling him disdainfully a Pedant or a Penman So that wee see that dissension or discord amongst the Superiours was the first cause of the suddaine losse of Nerling Next wee see that the Countrie was destroyed not onely for their sinnes but also for not punishing of sinne For after his Majesties death what punishment was to be seene in our Armie none at all when our owne horsemen plundered their friends not being punished they began to intercept Letters and to robbe the common Poste and to hinder the Countries correspondencie and common traffique which being overseene and winked at by our Generalls they begun then to plunder the Chancelours owne waggons abusing his servants and taking his baggage thereafter the strongest amongst themselves set the weakest party to foote taking away their horses till at last the whole Armie refused to obey the Director and his Concilium formatum lying idle for three moneths in Donavert Leaguer suffering the enemie to over-runne the Countrie and all because that the Officers alleadg'd after his Majesties death that the Scriveners who followed the Chancelour were in better esteeme than the Cavaliers that had done notable good service unto his Majestie so that through this jealousie the Armie came in disorder being the first change and the rest piece and piece did follow till at last the whole Armie was lost through the number of wrongs that went before in the end custome and use of wrongs infected the nature it selfe and the lacke or want of punishment and the libertie and freedome which was given to offend at last the ruine of families that were famous did follow for not punishing of sinne We see then when a potent King and Heroique as Gustavus was in the time hee did live all things florished in a good order but he once gone the CoÌ„mon-wealth was punished for their former sinnes committed in time of their plentie and peace when they had their heaven upon earth as other Nations â—ave now who ought to looke unto themselves in time lest that the Lord raise not up an other Heroique to make them to be punished as other Nations have bin to the eversion of great Cities as Magdeburg and divers others for when the publique burthens doe grow then Governements doe change as wâ—s seene here for lawes being cast away and discipline put in fetters then suddenly did follow change and great ruine after the Kings death of worthy memorie XVI Nothing loses more as we see the common cause than the want of authoritie in one person as was formerly said of the Saxons jealousie over the Rex-chancelors Governement Also the same fault was seene in the Armie under Commanders as at Nerling betwixt Supreme Officers as also betwixt their inferiours who for want of one Supreme Commander as Gustavus was they could not agree among themselves Likewise the dissension and jealousie betwixt Duke Barnard and the Rhinegrave helpes nothing to the furtherance of the good cause being both brave Commanders though
thereafter by our Camerades at Magdeburg XXIII Warres may be taken on by the counsell of sluggards but they must be sustained with the labour and danger of the most valiant as was well seene after Gustavus the invincibles death It was not the Princes confederats or their Consilium was able to doe the turne whose reward to Cavaliers was but paper As their reward was naught so their Consilium turned to nothing and which was worse to contempt except the Director alone who as yet hath kept life in the cause though without their means or assistance and which is more honourable for him he maintaines the warre against them who unworthily have broken their oathes and fidelity having turned their Armes against those who formerly had releeved them to their perpetuall disgrace shame and ignominy having scorned men that had merited well in offering to reward them with paper their punishment is that for their infamy their names shall rot in oblivion Nam ubi orta est culpa ibi poena consistit XXIIII All things here being but humane are unstable and unconstant so that there is nothing sure except true piety and we see our lives bring many things forth contrary to our expectation so that the condition of our humane life containes the first and the last day For it is much to be look't unto with what lucke we did begin and with what we ended We judge him then happy who did receive the light happily and happened to restore it againe pleasantly which that we may doe I humbly crave of God Almighty A short observation of Intelligence necessary for a Commander COnshaft or Intelligence in an Army is so necessary that without it no direction can be given with assurance without it we cannot discerne betwixt our friends and our enemies who are with us or against us which is the first point a Commander hath to know comming in an enemies country Next he ought to know the strength of his enemies Army foote and horse that he may the better dispose of his owne he ought also to know how his enemy is quartred in Garrison Leaguer Field or Doâ—pe and what watch they keepe in all those parts And how farre their horsmen doe lie from their foote and how guarded To have certainty of all this he must have some secret friend with the enemy for giving him secret intelligence and that he should not trust too much in one he must have a subtill Boore now and then frequenting without suspition amongst them as ordinarily his Majesty of worthy memory had likewise it were needfull that they deboished some Secretary on their side for getting the Lists of their Strengths Officers and Souldiers as also for their qualities that he might the better dispose himselfe against them in directing private parties on the wayes they travell to get prisoners and â—ailing thereof to fall on their watch or within their quarters He ought also on all marches to have a knowne Boore with him to acquaint him with all passes or straights on which the enemy can repare to him or from him conferring his land mappe with the Boores intelligence which betime would enable him in knowing all the Passes Likewise he ought to have intelligence out of the enemies Leaguer how they were provided of victualls Amunition or forrage and of their healths if there were any infections amongst them or what sport or recreation they used without their quarters and what streetes they goe on and how they are conveyed striving still to get prisoners for the better intelligence how their Amunition is kept and with what Guards that if it were possible accidentall fire might be set to it and for getting this good of intelligence the chiefe Officers would be liberall to those whom they put in trust seeing without it little good service can be effected and the getting of it is the safety of many Cavaliers and their credits Therefore whether he be defender or pursuer intelligence gives him a kinde of assurance in all his actions and the losse or neglect of it hath robbed many a brave Commander of their fame and credit being surprized through over-â—ight as Gustavus Horne was at Bambricke It was also the losse of Hanâ— and Philipsburg Intelligence then being of such moment it should make Generalls and all Commanders under them according to their qualities and charge to be open handed otherwise it is impossible to subsist long not being surprised Of Recognoscing HAving intelligence of our enemies strength how he lies whether in Quarter Garrison Field or Leaguer then having an exployt to goe on we must recognosce on horse or foote according to the exployt we have before us As if we were to blocke up a Towne with a part of an Armie we must first being accompanied with a few Horsemen recognosce the bounds riding the Circuit short or long from it fore-seeing how to divide our number on the Passes Avenues from or towards the Towne to stop out-fallings or in commings in ordering such Workes and Skonces to be made on the passages as may put us in safetie as well against out-fallings as against their pretended Reliefes to come and our watches one from another must keepe due correspondence by their Centries that none can passe betwixt them without advertising one anothers guard Next being to beleaguer a Towne neere hand we ought to recognosce also neerer having first placed our Armie foote and horse Battell without reach of their Cannon though in their view having first directed our parties of horse to batter the streets without us then the Commander is to ride the circuit of the Towne within shot as neere as he can having another riding at a distance behinde him and having a Boore beside him resolving him of all Questions concerning their Ports their Graffes their Bulworkes where weakest and where the Graffe is shallowest which being knowne he disposeth the Armie on severall Posts where againe the Commanders are to recognosâ—e neerer the walls where they can best lodge their greatest bodie in most safetie where to place their Guard before them and where their Centries as also where to place their Batteries and where to beginne their Approaches which being done they are thought the best fellowes that shew most diligence and least losse to come to the walles the same circumstances are to be observed by any Commander who leads a partie before a Strength or Castle to blocke it or beleaguer it having Cannon Pittards and fire-workes with sufficient men and furniture belonging to the Artillerie that can discharge their duties as they are directed by the Commander of the partie who must see to all things himselfe that it be well done as in speciall to the placing of his Batteries and in ordering all things to be brought to the Batteries that arâ— needfull by the Souldiers commanded out to attend the workes beside the guard of the Cannon and of the workemen he must also be very vigilant in visiting the Approaches Batteries and
Guards admonishing them to be carefull against out-falls on the Trenches Batteries or Guards giving orders to the Captaine of the Watches to receive the enemie falling out with a strong bâ—die of Pikes and Muskets closse together to beate them backe being received with Pikes charged bravely flancked and lined with shot which being done to advance their workes againe night and day till the enemy be forced to Accord In the night also a sufficient Sergeant being seconded by another stout fellow should creepe to the Graffe with two halfe-Pikes for to wade through to know the shallowest parts being helpt thereto by some knowne Boore who might give certaintie of the enemies strength within and of their defects they have of victualls Amunition fire or water As also to know their private sorting-Ports to watch their out-commings he ought also to learne what draw-bridges are within and what Portcullis and what store of victualls or Amunition is to be had within in case the Strength be pregnable that he may the better make his Accord Also he ought to learne what Artillery or Armes are within and what Caducks or what number of Horses pertaining to the enemie and what other riches they have and where kept or if otherwise the Towne be not taken by Accord or strength of hand we must strive to force it to yeeld by hunger or by lacke of fire or water or otherwise by throwing Artificiall fire amongst them with Cannon or with other fiery Engins fiering their houses or spoyling their Watches on their Posts or Guards as also we must deale by fraud to convey private Letters unto them for deboysing the Inhabitants to resist the Garrison in making either Port or Post good while as the pursuer intends to fall on on storme oâ— breach Likewise the pursuer had neede to dispose well of his owne watches without that he be not surprized his hooffe-watch particular watches reserves or by-watches are to be still in readinesse to attend the enemies out-falling lest he may cut off his Guards or spoyle his Cannon by nayling of them or by burning their Carriages or Amunition being disgracefull in the highest manner as oft-times hath hapned to unprovident and sluggish Commanders who have unwisely despised their enemies An enemy being in the Field either with a strong partie or Armie a sufficient Commander must be carefull in recognoscing the Field about him for taking his advantage of the ground in advancing to an enemie as also in spying his advantage in case he be put to a Retreat that he may the better retire in order not being put to rout as our Armie was at Nerling which never hapned unto them before during the time I served the Sweden As also being in the Field he ought to observe where most conveniently he can plant his Ordnance as Generall Tillie did at Leipsigh and as the Emperialists did on the Hill at Nurenberg as also at Nerling For Ordnance being planted with advantage is oft-times the winning of the Field and the losse of Artillery is ever reputed and holden for a defeate although both foote and horse be preserved There is also advantage of ground very requisit to be taken by foote against foote as the advantage of hights passages woods hedges ditches as also the advantage of Sunne and Winde with you and against your enemie which his Majestie of worthy memory did strive to get at Leipsigh against the Emperialists Likewise it is a great advantage of ground when one of both the Armies is brought to that inconvenience that they cannot come to fight but the one Armie may be forced to come up but by Divisions while as the other by advantage of the ground may receive them with full Battailes of horse and foote the one to second the other and this advantage Gustavus Horne did get of the Emperialists while as he retired before them unto Vertenberg-land in March 1633. the enemy not being able to pursue our Armie but with great disadvantage which freed us of them for that time he being stronger than we and afterward the Rhinegraves Forces come from Alsas being joyned with us we made the Emperialists againe retire over the Danube unto Schwaland at the passe of Munderken where we came within Cannon-shot yet they getting the passe retired in safetie as they did another time from us out of Schwabland unto Bierland having got the passe before us at Kempten and afterward over the Eler in Schwabland having I say got the passe before us they were safe and we frustrate So that the advantage of ground is of great importance in warres as I have often knowne by experience especially before the Hill at Nurenberg Likewise a wise Commander being defender must observe all Circumstances as he did in pursuing for his owne safetie he must also being defender beset well all passes and frontier Garrisons whereupon the enemie must passe to come unto him having timely recognosced the same that it may either be beset by him or otherwise being found more advantagious for the enemie it would then be timely demolished As also your enemies Armie or strong partie being drawne up in the field you are to recognosce both his strength and order by the sight of your eye before you intend to pursue him where you are to consider how he can advance to you or you to him without disorder but doe you never pursue except with advantage though you shall be deemed by others to be remisse but rather suffer him to be gone than to take the disadvantage of pursute since time will alter any thing and he that preserves an Armie will doubtlesse finde a convenient time to fight And it had beene good for the Evangelists in Dutchland that this point had beene more wisely lookt unto at Nerling than it was for they might have saved their Armie and Countrey both had they not presumed with disadvantage in their owne strength and courage where GOD the disposer of hearts made their pride suffer a great fall A short Observation to be observed in Garrison ENtering the place before all things you are to visit the Posts and being duely recognosced the round or circuit should be measured and then the Posts to be dealt proportionably according to the severall strengths that no man have just cause to complaine The posts then orderly and well beset there should be orders given for by-watch or reserve where to stand in readinesse whether on the Market-place or some other convenient part having sufficient Officers ever to command them who must be kept to strictnesse of dutie left they should be to seeke when honour were to be maintained while as on Alarum they were to repaire to poste street or wall to resist the enemie and to succourse the weaknesse of any accident might befall by pursute or fire or to resist enemies within or without being as well on continuall Guard against the Inhabitants in case of uproares or treacherie as against their outward enemies since no enemy is so
had beene rased at first we had not bin troubled by taking them in twice thereafter and it had bin better to have plundred them first then to have compounded with them for monies having after the losing of Nerling battaile lost our monies the pledges the country and City which had bin better to have raced them to the ground as Trophees of our victories at our being there then to have taken pledges for money and lose all againe It is also to be observed in making of all accords that such prisoners as are within the place may be let free that doe belong to the beleaguerer and such Souldiers as were run away from the pursuer may be restored againe to be punished or pardoned as pleaseth their Officers But no man belonging to the enemy may be detained contrary to their wills As also no Cannon taken of the pursuer before can be taken out of the Strength notwithstanding that Cannon be allowed unto him by his accord he must transport none that belonged formerly to another Likewise no more horses can be allowed to be transported by Officers then are mentioned in their accord and that proportionally according to their degrees they serve in and no more and if it be found that the defender fraudulently beyond his accord hath either stolne away destroyed or hid any goods Armes Cannon or Amunition being knowne or revealed ipso facto the pursuer or Conquerour is not obliged to keepe their paction but they may use them as the Swedens did Colonell Gramme after his marching out of Wesmer having broken treacherously his accord Of the taking of Prisoners an observation HIS Majesty having taken in Frankfurt on the Oder I did grant quarters to two young Cavaliers who had begged my protection to save them from the fury and having once protected them though with difficulty I had a care no man should wrong them as all Cavaliers ought to doe in extremity to those that stand in neede of mercy not plundring men to their skinnes as some unworthy doe But on the contrary having once granted quarter men ought to be carefull not only in guarding their lives from others but also they ought to foresee for entertainment civilly at least for their money being Cavaliers of charge which may be presupposed able to entertaine themselves or if otherwise they cannot doe it our charity and compassion should move us to provide bread for them who cannot provide for themselves otherwise our over-sight in suffering them to starve for want of bread deserves a greater punishment then if we suffered others to have killed them at first being enemies so that I wish no man so uncivill as to dominier over a reconciled enemy being in bonds Likewise Prisoners being civilly entertained according to their degrees neverthelesse they ought to be look't unto as Prisoners if they be common Souldiers they should be commited to the Generall Gavilliger to be attended there with a guard to watch them being in Irons and according to their behaviours to be kept closer or at more liberty and being on marches they ought not to be suffered to come so neere the Army as to be spies over others and especially being Officers concredited to a Gavilliger they ought to be so kept as they could noâ— remarke either the strength or the discipline of the Army and being come to quarters they ought to be visited as Cavaliers but in discourse men ought to be sparing with them as with prisoners neither must you injure them or suffer others to doe it seeing Prisoners can doe no reason to Cavaliers and giving once their Parâ—le they may have some freedome to walke without suspition within shot of Cannon But when either Trumpeter or Drummer is sent with letters or message to prisoners he ought before he come neere the Guards sound his Trumpet or beate his Drumme giving advertisment to the Guards before he enter within their outward Centries otherwise he is lyable to the highest punishment but having lawfully aduertised the Guard an Officer by command of the Captaine of the watch with a Convoy of Musketiers ought to meete him and having enquired for his commission and passe and seene his open letters having search't him for private letters and finding none then he ought to sile or blinde him up and convay him blinded unto the chiefe Commander who receives his letters reades and delivers them and then after he being â—iled up againe he is convaied unto the Gavilliger where he is kept till he be ready and suffered to depart againe with open Letters being convayed out as he came in and no Prisoner ought to deliver any letters though open to any man till first he acquaint his Guard who ought to impart it to the Commander of the place and it is ordinary to Governours or Commanders to whom Trumpeters or Drummers doe come having received their answer being brought siled from the Gavilligers unto their lodging first to talke merrily with them and then to cause attenders drinke to them till they be merrry and then being â—iled againe they are convayed without the whole Centries having their passe they are free to returne Prisoners having agreed for their Ransomes or being exchanged out for others they ought not be suffered to depart without getting first the â—eneralls passe and then he may goe with a Trumpeter or without one to â—â—e next friendly Garrison For quartering an Army in field upon March Dorpe Towne or Leaguer An Observation A Commander ought not be ignorant of the circumstances belonging to the quartering of an Army therefore for the better Information of the younger sort who have not seene such Marches as I have bin at with his Majesty of worthy memory who quartered his Army Summer or Winter according as the occasion or neerenesse of his enemy did offer where many times the whole winters night the Army horse foote and Artillery being without fire did stand in battaile order by their Armes in the fields having placed their Artillery apart with a guard to attend them their baggage also being behinde them apart and well guarded and a maine guard being commanded out apart before the Army of horse and foote And the Armies being neere one another all Officers were commanded to abide on their severall charges as they were commanded on the March to leade Briggads Troopes or Divisions The commanded men being also apart next unto the enemy with their Officers by them which all being orderly quartered in this first manner they entertained one another with such dainties as the time afforded passing the night with variety of merry jests and discourses till day that either Drumme or Trumpet did invite them unto earnest The second forme of our quartering was in the fields not being neere an enemy where we quartered a little more commodiously for our ease being commonly drawne up by foure or five of the clocke in the afternoone neere some Towne or Village in some faire meadow by water if it could be had in the
Colonell Lodowicke Lesly his Regiment praised Page 112 Letter I. Colonell Worbrane an Austreker Freher Governour of Donavert Page 116 Letter O. Company that are good ought to be conversed with that we may savour of their goodnesse Page 123 Letter E. No Crime before God more abominable then to glory in sin Page 170 Letter F. Colonell Hepburn and his Briggad sent before his Majesty to guard the Passage at Munchen Page 125 Letter G. The whole Compend of wit requisit for a Commander in his Majesty of Sweden Page 127 Letter K. The Cantons of Switzerland gave obedience to his Majesties letters Page 112 Letter L. The Castle of Papenhaim Aichstat and Tilligen brought all under contribution to the Swedes Page 129 Letter M. Conjunction made by his Majesty with Nurenberg and the reasons of it Page 132 Letter S. Colonell Montelaban and other officers killed by the Swedes at Wiâ—esloch Page 139 Letter D. Colonell Doubattle destroyes the Emperiall Magazen at Freestat in the upper Paltz Page 144 Letter M. Colonell Rhee killed on the party at Bosbowre in the upper Paltz Page 145 Letter N. A Captaine throwing off his doublet on hot service rewarded by his Majesty of Sweden Page 146 Letter O. Cptaine Patrike Ennis slaine at Nurenberg Page 149 Letter T. Captâ—ine Traile and Captaine Vausse both Scots shot through the necke at Nurenberg and lived Page 149 Letter T. Cannon first invented as it is thought at Nurenberg Page 151 Letter W. Courtesie and humility in a King is the Gem of his Crowne Page 162 Letter S. Colonell Lodowike Lesly his Regiment praised for their Carriage at Leitzen Page 164 Letter X. Colonell Folwe shot before Landsberg Page 171 Letter H. The Chancellor Oxensterne after the Kings death made offer to the Duke of Saxon to be Director-Generall over the Army Page 172 Letter I. Cavaliers that leads others ought to entertaine the affection of those who served bravely lest being disdained they might turne their Armes the contrary way Page 174 Letter N. Captaine Bruntfield and Quartermaster Sandelens sent Prisoners to Lindaw Page 177 Letter R. Colonells three made a brave retreit at Minderkin on the Danube Page 177 Letter S. The Conclusion of the meeting at Hailbron Page 178 Letter V. Colonell Monro of Obstell his Regiment reduced at Heidelberg on the Necker after his death Page 178 Letter V. Colonell Monro of Foules dead and buried at Vlme on the Danube Page 178 Letter V. Colonell Monro of Foules happy in his death Page 180 Letter Z. Colonell Monro of Obstell though untimely slaine was made welcome to heaven through Christ his Redeemer Page 180 Letter D. Death ought ever to be before our eyes that we might the better contemn externall things putting us in mind of what is able to profit the soule Page 7 Letter N. The Duke of Savelly defended Damaine but slightly Page 19 Letter A. Disdaine or contempt should be the only thing to divert our hearts from forraine service Page 22 Letter E. Doubatle his Dragoniers and my Musketiers were kept warme on service before Landsberg Page 39 Letter E. Many will Desire to be partakers of our good fortunes who never minded to taste the bitter cup of our adversity Page 44 Letter N. The Difference betwixt Generalls is much to be observed at Werben Page 56 Letter H. The Duty of a Generall described and his properties Page 57 Letter I. The Duty of true piety ought to be observed by the Leaders of Armies Page 58 Letter K. The Discoverers of the Enemies plots and counsells ought to be well rewarded Page 41 Letter H. Though a man be Doubtfull in advising yet in action he ought to be confident Page 60 Letter M. The Duke of Saxon terrified by the example of Madeburg offered his service to his Majesty of Sweden Page 61 Letter O. The Duke of Saxons Army most complete in shew Page 61 Letter P. He Dieth well in my opinion that dieth standing serving his King and country for he merits Fame after death leaving good example to posterity Page 70 Letter C. Duke Anhault made Statholder at Hall Page 76 Letter P. Duke William of Wymar appointed Statholder at Ereford Page 76 Letter Q. Duringland most fertile for corne Page 101 Letter S. Duke Ernest of Wymar made Statholder of Francony Page 78 Letter T. A most Difficult passage alongst a planke over the Maine Page 80 Letter X. The Difference betwixt Cavaliers marching under an Army and gentle men Travellers Page 8â— Letter K. The Duty of an Officer is to Râ—cognosce well Page 92 Letter V. Nothing Disconâ—ents a worthy man more then to be rewarded like Cowards Page 96 Letter B. When the Diligent is disappointed of his hire tiâ— hard being rewarded with injury that did merit well Page 96 Letter B. The Duty of an Officer leading a party Page 98 Letter E. Thirty thousand Duckets found in a Cannon at Munchen Page 125 Letter G. E. Ensigne Greame gave slight quarters at Brandenburg Page 23 Letter G. English Merchants commended for their charity to Souldiers Page 46 Letter Q. Great Execution made by his Majesties Cannon at Leipsigh the second cause of the victory Page 68 Letter Y. Externall shew profits little without the inward gifts of the minde Page 71 Letter D. The long Expectation of our happinesse makes our joyes the more welcome Page 72 Letter F. An Exhortation to all worthy Cavaliers of the British Nation Page 93 Letter X. The Evangelists sparing their meanes suffered the publique to be neare lâ—st being since beaten with their owne weapons Page 106 Letter X. Engolstat on the Danube a sure retreite for the Emperialists Page 112 Letter I. Engolstat really fortified and well provided thought impregnable by the Swedes Page 121 Letter Z. Experience gives confidence in the greatest extremity and graces our behaviour Page 130 Letter N. The Enemy hath great advantage at Nurenberg which was the losse of many brave Officers Page 148 Letter S. Errour in counsell and unhappy successe commonly are the punishments of the proud Warrier Page 158 Letter K. An Exhortation for Souldiers to mourne for sinne Page 168 Letter A. Ensigne Murrey slaine with the Cannon before Lâ—nceberg Page 172 Letter I. The Emulation of vertue betwixt friends commendable Page 174 Letter O. The Evâ—nts of Kings projects and intentions availe nothing till they acknowledge them to come from the fountaine God Page 60 Letter N. An Example notable of the rare vertue of Souldiers wives Page 26 Letter L. F. The Foresight of a Commander availes much in preventing his Enemies designes Page 10 Letter O. Factious and seditious Officers ought carefully to be avoyded by the wise Commander Page 13 Letter T. Felt-marshall Tiffenbacke with his Collegues escaped at Francfurt Page 34 Letter Y. Felt-marshall Tiffenbacke discommended for timidity Page 36 Letter Q. Felt-marshall Horne with the Finnâ—s Horsemen made the charge which put the Enemy to flight at Leipsigh Page 66 Letter W. If the Fruit be honest and good we neede not
care how laborious or painefull our actions are Page 72 Letter F. Friendship next unto faith should be kept unviolable Page 75 Letter O. No Friend more worthy to be chosen then he who hath shewed himselfe valiant against his Enemies Page 75 Letter O. Francfurt on the Maine taken in by his Majesty of Sweden without bloud Page 89 Letter M. Francfurt did well in preferring good conditions of peace before uncertaine warre Page 90 Letter P. Fortune with her boasting should never be suffered to pierce us having tryed sharper that could not pierce Page 95 Letter A. Francfurt shot off their Cannon at the Queene of Sweedens entry Page 99 Letter G. Felt-marshall Horne deligent in subâ—uing the Townes on the Neckar Page 100 Letter L. Friendship is never durable where love doth not grow Page 105 Letter V. Feare and astonishment is great amongst the Papists in Bavaria Page 116 Letter P. Frontier Garrisons are easily gotten by a victorious Army Page 11 Letter Q. The Fuckers of Ausburg from Marchants turne Souldiers were made Earles by the Emperour Page 120 Letter X. The Fuckers lands disposed to old Ruthven for reward of vertue Page 120 Letter X. Friedberg neere Ausburg punished for betraying of the Swedens saâ—egards Page 136 Letter Z. Felt-marshall Horne takes in Trerebagh on the Mosell by Accord Page 138 Letter C. Felt-marshall Arnhem takes in Grosglogo in Silesia Page 139 Letter D. Felt-marshall Horne parallel'd in command to Papenhaim Page 143 Letter I. Felt-marshall Arnham commended for his victories and for his justice Page 143 Letter K. The Foundation of mans actions laid sure by vertue the building hardly can faile Page 154 Letter D. Felt-marshall Horne his good successe in Alsas Page 165 Letter Z. Felt-marshall Horne his retreit into Wertenberg Page 177 Letter T. G. Generall Bannier commended for his carriage at Damaine Page 18 Letter Z. Goods evill conquâ—st goe away with wings swifter then the winde Page 20 Letter B. Genâ—rall Major Kinphouâ—en his oversight at Brandenburg discommended Page 23 Letter F. The Gâ—rmans did marry their wives on the condition they should be their companions in danger and trouble Page 27 Letter N. God never was served for nought by no man Page 37 Letter B. Greedy persons should never be advanced to publique imployment Page 37 Letter D. Greedinesse alike common to Officers as to Souldiers Page 37 Letter D. Gustavus Mars his Minion and Fortunes Favourite or rather her Master Page 41 Letter G. Good Commanders next unto God are able to bring victory Page 42 Letter K. Generall Tilly presents himselfe with thirty-two peece of Ordnance before Verben Leaguer Page 52 Letter E. Generall Tilly the scourge of Madeburg Page 61 Letter O. Generall Tilly roâ—â—'d of his honour at Leipâ—igh Page 68 Letter Y. A Good quarrell is the life of figâ—ting Page 70 Letter C. Generall Tilly after Leipsigh leads a strong Army towards the Maine Page 82 Letter A. Generall Tilly his retreate from the Maine Page 85 Letter D. A Generalls place very weighty Page 86 Letter G. Gustâ—vus Fortunes Minion and Mars his equall Page Letter H. Genâ—rall Tilly forceth Gustavus Horne to retire from Bambricke Page Letter T. Generall Tilly his Generall Quarter-master slaine at Looffe Page 111 Letter E. Globâ—s Terrestiall and Celestiall presented to his Majesty of Sweden Page 111 Letter F. Grave Henry W. Fonsâ—lius shot at Bambricke and died at Swinâ—ford Page 112 Letter G. Gustavus-Burg on the Maine a Trophie of victory Page 112 Letter H. Great Generalls they have an unsatiable desire of victory and good fortune till neere their end Page 64 Letter N. Generall Tilly with his Army plagued at once with seventy-two peeces of Cannon Page 116 Letter Q. Generall Tilly lost a legge by the Cannon before the Leake Page 117 Letter Q. Generall Tilly being seventy-two yeares of age died honourably in defence of his Country and Religion Page 118 Letter T. Generall Tilly before Leipsigh would give his Majesty of Sweden but the title of a Cavalier Page 118 Letter T. Generall Major Ruthven brought Schwabland under contribution Page 119 Letter X. Generall Bâ—nnier coÌ„mended for making the retreit from Engolstat Page 122 Letter Z. Generall Bâ—wtish succeeded to Tot in command Page 137 Letter B. Geneâ—all Major King sore wounded being taken prisoner Page 137 Letter B. Generall Major Sparre Gordon and Lesly taken prisoners at Nurâ—nberg Page 145 Letter N. Generall Banier and Generall Major Roisten both shot before Nurenberg Page 148 Letter S. Generall Major Boâ—tius slaine at Nurenberg Page 150 Letter T. Good Fortune is never on one side Page 151 Letter X. H. Hepburne his Major slaine at Francfurt Page 33 Letter W. Horfemens carriage at Leipsigh commendable Page 69 Letter Z. Honour and glory are the enticements to paine and travell and by exercise in warre men attaine to courage and constant valour frequenting danger Page 69 Letter Hepburne and Lumsdell commended by his Majesty to the Duke of Saxon. Page 75 Letter N. Hanow taken in by slight Page 85 Letter E. Those whom God Honours are worthy of honour from their equalls Page 87 Letter K. Hechst taken in by accord Page 89 Letter M. Men are Hurt sometimes as a presage of worldly lucke Page 95 Letter A. Hostages fifty taken out of Bavier Page 126 Letter H. Hunting most pleasant about Minken and Bavier Page 125 Letter H. Heroicks who would prove should follow and imitate Gustavus Page 127 Letter K. A Hasty man without discretion is never good in an Army Page 152 Letter Y. Holke and Gallas brethren as Simeon and Levi. Page 153 Letter B. Holke in Saxony being a Lutheran shewed lesse compassion then a Papist Page 156 Letter G. I. The Imperialists â—ere well payed for hanging out the goâ—se at Francfurt Page 31 Letter V. The Irish at Francfurt did valorously resist the yellow and blew Briggads Page 34 Letter Y. The Imperialists surprised inter pocula at Francfurt Page 36 Letter A. The Imperialists had forty-one Cornets defeated before their comming to Verben Page 52 Letter A. The Imperialists were twice stronger then our Army at Verben Page 55 Letter G. The Imperialists lost at Leipsigh eigh-thousand men Page 67 Letter X. As Ignorance precipitates men into danger so to a generous heart nothing seemes difficile Page 69 Letter Z. No greater Ioy can come to man then to overcome his Enemy by fighting Page 70 Letter C. The Imperialists committed great abuses at the intaking of Vysingberg Page 122 Letter B. The Imperiall Leaguer before Nurenberg did extend from Stein to the Flect called Zarendorffe Page 134 Letter W. The Imperialists chased out of Furt at the comming of the Swedens succours Page 147 Letter Q. The Imperiall Leaguer saluted with Cannon for a whole day Page 148 Letter R. The Imperiall Colonells diverse killed at Nurenberg Page 151 Letter V. Ignominy losse of life the fruit of entertaining to much Camradship Page 161 Letter I. When Industry cannot purchase one smile from fortune some others are
wrapped up in fortunes lap Page 174 Letter M. Intelligence the good of it most necessary to an Army Page 179 Letter Y. K. Kinphowsen affirmed that one ounce of good fortune was better then a pound weight of wit Page 10 Letter O. The King of Sweden doubted never to let put in execution what he once commanded Page 16 Letter Y. The King of Sweden i◠extremity of cold being all wet did eate before he changed clothes Page 21 Letter D. The King of Sweden though stout was seene to stoope for a Cannon Bullet Page 22 Letter D. The King of Sweden did outshoote old Tilly in experience Page 25 Letter I. The King of Sweden did discharge the duty of a Generall Major before Francfurt Page 31 Letter T. The King of Sweden when his Army was weakest he digged most in the ground Page 41 Letter H. The King of Sweden at Berlin forced the Duke of Brandenburg to quit the Saxon. Page 43 Letter M. The King of Sweden was alike ready to governe the State as to fight his Enemies Page 46 Letter Q. The King of Sweden caused draw his great Cannon through the River of the Elve on their Carriage Page 49 Letter W. The King of Sweden his order in defending his Leaguer worthy observance Page 51 Letter The King of Sweden seekes advice of his chiefe Officers at Verben Page 52 Letter B. The King of Sweden with a strong party chased the Emperialists within their Army Page 54 Letter F. The Kings prudency and wisdome in command answerable to the dignity of his Majesticke person Page 57 Letter I. When a King fights a battell he puts much on hazard Page 62 Letter Q. The King of Sweden makes merry with the Duke of Saxon at Hall Page 74 Letter L. The King of Sweden for the advancement of the warre made a like use of Protestants and Lutherans Page 77 Letter R. Kings or Princes have no other charters then their sword and the oath of fidelity Page 77 Letter S. The King of Sweden to march over Duringvault did divide his Army Page 78 Letter T. The King of Sweden caused publish and Edict in Franconia Page 85 Letter D. The King of Sweden considering the weakenesse of his Army at Wertzburg gave out some monies Page 86 Letter H. The King of Sweden steered his course aright at Wertzburg Page 87 Letter H. The King of Sweden alike able tam arte quà m Marte Page 87 Letter I. The King of Sweden marched through Francfurt as in a solemne precession for order Page 89 Letter L. The King of Sweden Patriot and Protector of Religion in Germany Page 90 Letter P. The King of Bohemia wonderfully well liked of by the Cities and Commonalty in Germany Page 91 Letter R. The King of Sweden made no difference of seasons to pusue his Enemies Page 92 Letter V. The King of Sweden in six monthes freed the Paltz of all the Enemies Page 94 Letter Y. The King of Sweden for his Sisters sake the Queene of Bohemia in one night did anger the King of Spaine the Emperour and the King of France Page 93 Letter Y. The King of Sweden and his Chancellour sate whole dayes at Counsell Page 100 Letter H. The King of Sweden his peremptory answer to the French Ambassadour at Mentz Page 100 Letter K. The King of Sweden did grant a stil stand on a condition Page 105 Letter P. The King of Sweden entertained foure whole Armies at once Page 107 Letter A. The King of Bohemia his discourse with the Scots Briggad at Vinchen Page 110 Letter D. The King of Sweden and the King of Bohemia nobly received by the Lords of Nurenberg Page 111 Letter F. The King of Sweden gives God thankes in Saint Annes Church at Ausburg Page 117 Letter R. The K. of Swedē his speech cōsiderable his horse being shot under him Page 123 Letter D. The King of Sweden a good shepherd Page 130 Letter O. The King of Sweden finding the Enemy strong gave some contentment unto his weake Army Page 131 Letter Q. The King of Sweden and the Emperiall Army had the eyes of all Europe fixed on their Actions Page 140 Letter E. The King of Sweden rides at Anchor as at a Bay under Nurenberg Page 140 Letter F. The King of Sweden defeats a party of the Emperialists at Bosbore in the upper Paltz Page 145 Letter M. The King of Sweden ever enemy to idlenesse Page 151 Letter X. The King of Sweden divideth his Army in Bavier to march into Saxony Page 159 Letter I. The King of Sweden having thanked the Scots Briggad left them in Bavaria to be strengthened Page 159 Letter M. The King of Sweden on his march to Saxony did cut off with a party three hundred Emperialists Page 160 Letter N. The King joyned his Army with Duke Bernard of Wymar in Duringlang Page 160 Letter N. The King of Sweden leaving the Queene at Erford made a speech to the Counsill Page 160 Letter O. The King of Sweden crossed the Leake with the Army and marched to Nawmberg Page 161 Letter P. The King of Sweden caused to throw off the Bridges on the Sale Page 161 Letter P. The King of Sweden as a Souldier troubled with a double care Page 161 Letter Q. The King of Sweden his exhortation to the people Page 161 Letter R. The King of Sweden compared to the Sunne Page 162 Letter S. The King of Sweden his exhortation at Leitzen to fight well Page 163 Letter T. The King of Sweden having charged bravely his enemies being thrice wounded fell at Leitzen Page 164 Letter W. A King ought never to endanger himselfe his Crowne and Country on a day of battle Page 166 Letter The King of Sweden at Leitzen discharged alike the duty of a King and of a Souldier Page 167 Letter A. The Oppression done to the poore causeth the unfortunate events of warlike enterprises Page 48 Letter V The Order his Majesty appointed to be kept at Verben Leaguer is worth the observance Page 51 Letter The Order his Majesty placed the Army unto at Leipsigh is worth the observance Page 64 Letter S. To Obtaine Victory art and skill in handling the weapons of our warfare are requisite Page 69 Letter An Outfall well repulsed by push of pike Page 162 Letter S. Opportunity of time a swift Eagle Page 129 Letter N. Oxensterne the Chancellour appointed by the King of Sweden to have the direction at Nurenberg Page 153 Letter A. The Office of a Generall a great charge Page 137 Letter A. An Outfall made at Rhine by Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Lesly Page 100 Letter I. P. The Plague or Postilence though raging among Souldiers ought not to hinder them from going freely on their duties Page 10 Letter O. The Pest raging at Statin fewer Scots died then of other Nations causâ incognitâ Page 12 Letter R. Princes that are absolute should have way given unto them in things indifferent Page 13 Letter T. A Prentiship well
resolution before Engolstat Page 120 Letter Z. Scots Officers advanced by Generall Major Ruthven Page 122 Letter C. Scots Regiments two were appointed at Minken in Bavier to guard two Kings Page 125 Letter G. Spoile in great brought out of Bavaria Page 126 Letter I. Scots Colonells two were unfortunate by their imprisonment Page 174 Letter O. Spire given over by Colonell Hornegt Page 135 Letter X. The Swedens convâ—yed the Spaniard toward Mastreight Page 135 Letter Y. Stoad beset againe with a Sweden Garrison Page 137 Letter A. The Swedens take in Coblentz and quit it to the French Page 138 Letter C. The Swedens beleaguer Benfeld in Alsas Page 139 Letter D. The Spaniard discommended for his conduct in the Paltz Page 141 Letter F. Spaniards they were not all that fled neither were they all Swedens that followed the victory Page 141 Letter G. The Souldier glorying in his poverty is contented with any thing Page 141 Letter O. Separation wonderfull of two Armies without a shot Page 154 Letter D. Stout he must be and wise also that cannot be surprised Page 155 Letter E. The Separation of loving friends compared to that death makes betwixt the body and Soule Page 155 Letter F. A Slight accord made at Rhine on the Leake Page 159 Letter L. Souldiers ought to setle their wives before they should be impediments unto them at service Page 161 Letter Q. Souldiers abstaine more from vice for feare of punishment then for obedience to Gods Law Page 162 Letter R. The Swedens after Leitzen resolved to revenge the Kings death Page 165 Letter Y. Souldiers having once conceived an evill opinion of their Leaders no eloquence is able to remove it Page 174 Letter N. The Swedens Army was left at Donavert 1633 for three moneths Page 178 Letter V. T. Terror in great amongst the Catholiques at Erford Page 77 Letter P. The Tyranny of our Enemies ought rather to be prevented then suffered Page 132 Letter T. The Townes about Nurenberg unhumanely used by Gallas Page 154 Letter B. Time nor number of yeares doth not make a good Souldier but the continuall meditation of exercise and practice Page 69 Letter A. V. The Valour of Lievetenant Colonell Walter Butler commended at Francfurt on the Oder Page 34 Letter Y. Victory is never peculiar unto any Page 50 Letter Z. The Valiant man would choose to die honourably when Cowards desire to live with ignominy Page 72 Letter H. In Vaine we murmur at things must be in vaine we mourne for what we cannot remedy Page 174 Letter M. Vnworthy they are of command who preferre any thing to the health of their followers Page 155 Letter E. VV. A Woman wonderfully delivered of a child a shipboard Page 6 Letter M. Our Wings the farther they are spread from us our bodies are the better guarded Page 10 Letter O. In Warres nothing can be well effectuated without the guide of intelligence Page 41 Letter H. Wirtzburg taken by accord Page 79 Letter V. The Want of feathers is a great impediment unto flying Page 87 Letter K. The Wings of the Empire were neare clipt by his Majesty of Sweden Page 108 Letter A. To Win credit we must rather seeke to our Enemies then to stay their commings Page 113 Letter I. Both Wise and stout they ought to be that leade Armies Page 1â—2 Letter Z. Wisdome force or power cannot pâ—â—vaile against that cause the Lord takes in hand Page 154 Letter D. Wallestine takes in the Castle of Plesingburg Page 166 Letter Wallestine his retreit after losing the battaile of Leitzen Page 165 Letter Z. Wallestine did goe about to fight more with craft and policy then with the dint of Armes Page 153 Letter A. Y. The Young Rhinegrave slaine 1631. Page 52 Letter A. Young Papenhaim valorously did keepe out the castle of Mansfelt Page 113 Letter K. Licence is granted for the printing of this Booke Hampton Court Decemb. 8. 1636. Iohn Coke FINIS H. F. obs English Colenells Lievetenant Colonells ct ct
behinde them but a spit and a pot being so given to sobriety in their life times that sometimes they were contented with a morsell of dry bread from a souldier Not that I would have any Cavalier that hath merited well to be carelesse to maintaine himselfe in credit according to his charge if by lawfull meanes he can doe it and if plenty increaseth I would wish him timely to dispose of it for his neerest friends or succession in a part and the overplus I would wish him to bestow for the weale of the publique and the adorning of his country that after his death the monuments of his vertue and Trophees of his victories might live and speake to succeeding ages that such a one hunted well in attaining unto honour and perpetuall renowne and credit Here also by the example of a worthy Master and Leader being the Phoenix of his time for a Generall that he who hath seene his variable essaies and learned to lay up the same in store if he follow but his Masters precepts and observe his orders he cannot but in time merit the title of a judicious Commander and doubtlesse one day having past his prentiship well under such a Master he cannot but merit honour and reward and then may be made choise of for the service of his King and country before those who had not such experience under such a Leader In remembrance of whom I will inferre an accident happened his Majesty of famous memory the time of his beleaguering His Majesty walking alone on a marrish that was frozen of intention with a prospective glasse to spie into the enemies workes the Ice breaking his Majesty falls up to the middle in water being neere my Guarde where Captaine Dumaine did command who seeing his Majesty fall in went towards him of intention to helpe him out which his Majesty perceiving lest the enemy might take notice of them both his Majesty wagged his hand that the Captaine might retire which the enemy perceiving shot above a thousand shot of Musket at his Majesty who at last wrought himselfe loose coming off without hurt and sat a while by our guardefire The Captaine being a bold spoken gentleman well bred and of good language begun very familiarly to finde fault with his Majesty for his forwardnesse in hazarding his Majesties person in such unnecessary dangers on whom at that time the eyes of all Europe were fixed expecting their freedome and reliefes from the tyranny of their enemies to come from his Majesty and in case any misfortune or sinister accident as God forbid should happen unto his Majesty what then would become of his Majesties confederates and which was worst what would become of many brave Cavaliers of fortune who had no further hopes then to live and to be maintained under his Majesty their Leader His Majesty having heard the Captaine patiently thanked him for hâ—â— good counsell and he could not but confesse his owne fault which he could not well helpe seeing his minde was so that he thought nothing well done which he did not himselfe and so went to dinner where before he changed his wet clothes in a could Tent he called for meate and dined grossely and taking a great draught of wine went and changed his clothes and immediatly coming forth againe while as the enemy had fallen out as was said before in the discharge The time of this out-fall our Souldiers being commanded under Major Potley to beate backe the enemy going on service there happened a merry Accident to one of our Country-men then Ensigne to my Colonells Company called Iames Lyle being in sight of his Majestie going downe a a steepe hill the enemy playing hard with Cannon the Ensigne happened to fall forwards the winde blowing off his Periwigge which tumbled downe the hill the Major sware a great oath the poore Cavaliers head was shot from him and seeing him rise againe without his false head sware the Cannon had shot away the skinne with the haire of his head being bald His Majestie at this time also seeing a Dutch Captaines cloake about him going on service commanded to recall him and to command out another which was a disgrace to the Captaine whom his Majestie openly reproved saying If he had intention to have fought well he would have felt no cold and consequently the carrying of his Cloake was needlesse In this meane time his Majestie looking on from the enemies Battery a Cannon Bullet came so neare his Majestie though he was really stout he was made to stoope and behinde his Majestie the thigh was shot from a Swedens Captaine belonging to the Artillery who died the same night Here I cannot let passe an oversight unworthily committed by Generall Major Kniphowsen while as the enemy was marching out the Guard of the Posts being committed to the Swedens having got command from his Majestie to let no Officer nor Souldier come within the Towne till the enemy was marched out Kniphowsen pressing in was put backe by the Captaine that commanded Whereupon Kniphowsen not knowing what direction the Captaine had or from whom he lifting a Battoun brake it on the Captaines head which was evill thought of by his Majestie and the whole Officers of the Armie Neverthelesse we never heard of the Reparation so that I would never wish my noble friend to lie under an affront though done by any forraigne King for if I could not be revenged I would serve against him to be revenged if not of him yet at lest of his for which I crave pardon having spoken rather like a Souldier than a Divine for nothing should divert my heart sooner from my Superiour than disdaine or contempt The sixth Dutie discharged of the Intaking of Brandenburg and of Maior Iohn Sinclaire his escape out of Trepto GEnerall Major Kniphowsen with his Regiment and six Companies of my Lord of Rhees Regiment commanded then by Lievetenant Colonell Lindesey were appointed to lie in new Brandenburg when as the enemy lay downe before Brandenburg I was recalled from Malchene with my squadron to joyne with Feltmarshall Horne at Freedland being commanded to leave a Captaine with a hundred Musketiers behinde me of commanded men to beset Malchene at this time also Major Sinclaire with his own Company and Captaine Semples were commanded to beset Trepto which lay but two miles from Brandenburg his Majestie with the rest of the Army being at Posewall Tilly with his Army being ingaged in the beleaguering of Brandenburg consisting then of twenty-two thousand foote and horse having twenty-six pieces of Ordnance with all furniture answerable he beleaguered Brandenburg thinking his Majestie being so neare might be moved to ingage his Army with disadvantage to relieve it But his Majestie being more wise and having had a greater designe in his head he suffered Tilly to try his Fortune against a place of no such importance as to ingage a King and a Crowne a Countrey and an Army in relieving of it and his Majestie relying