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A90787 The natural history of Oxford-shire, being an essay toward the natural history of England. / By Robert Plot ... Plot, Robert, 1640-1696. 1677 (1677) Wing P2585; ESTC R231542 322,508 394

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mention'd by Wormius r Ibidem whereas ours is circular and shews no signs of such gates 88. Which perhaps might occasion the Learned Dr. Charleton to judg it rather a Trophie or Triumphal pile set up as a Monument of some great Victorie s Doctor Charleton's Stone Heng restored to the Danes pag. 46. to whom though I cannot but somwhat incline yet am verily perswaded that at the same time it might serve also for the Election and Inauguration of a King and much rather than the great and famous monument of Stone-Heng on Salesbury Plain the very disparities betwixt it and those in Denmark brought by himself t Idem pag. 54. being not to be found here 89. For beside that it is placed as all such Courts of the Danes were 1. Upon a rising ground for the advantage of prospect that the common people assembled to confirm the suffrages or votes of the Electors by their universal applause and congratulatory acclamations might see and witness the solemn manner of Election 2. Made of huge stones of no regular Figure And thirdly Having no Epigraph or Inscription cut or trenched in the stones as carrying a sufficient evidence of its designment and use in the figure of its platform It is but a single Cirque of stones without Epistyles or Architraves few of them very high on which the Electors might easily get up to give their suffrages as was usually done in the Northern Nations whereas Stone-Heng is made up of three circles at least some say four and the stones of each circle joyned with Architraves whereof there is no example to be found in those Countrys 90. Now that the Northern Nations usually erected such Cirques of rude stones for the election of their Kings is fully testified by Olaus Wormius Reperiuntur inquit in his oris loca quaedam in quibus Reges olim solenni creabantur pompâ quae cincta adhuc grandibus saxis ut plurimum duodecim conspiciuntur in medio grandiore quodam prominente cui omnium suffragiis Electum Regem imponebant magnoque applausu excipiebant Hic Comitia celebrabant de Regni negotiis consultabant Regem vero designaturi Electores Saxis insistebant forum cingentibus decreti firmitudinem pronunciantes u Ol. Wormii Monument Danic lib. 1. cap. 12. i. e. as Englished by Dr. Charleton w Stone-Heng restored to the Danes pag. 48. 91. In this County are beheld certain Courts of Parliament in which Kings heretofore were solemnly elected which are surrounded with great stones for the most part twelve in number and one other stone exceeding the rest in eminency set in the middle upon which as upon a Regal Throne they seated the new elected King by the general suffrage of the Assembly and inaugurated him with great applause and loud acclamations Here they held their great Councils and consulted about affairs of the Kingdom But when they met together to nominate their Kings the Electors stood upright on the stones environing the Court and giving their voices thereby confirmed their choice 92. The very same practice of the Northern Nations with the Ceremonies of it are also briefly set down by Saxo Grammaticus Lecturi Regem veteres affixis humo Saxis insistere suffragiaque promere consueverunt subjectorum lapidum firmitate facti constantiam ominaturi x Saxon. Grammatici Hist Danorum lib. 1. sub initium i. e. that the Ancients being about to choose their King used to stand upon stones fixed in the ground and thence give their votes by the firmness of the stones on which they stood tacitly declaring the firmness of their Act. Which manner of election is also proved of them by Crantzius Meursius and Bernhardus Malincort de Archicancellariis y De quibus vide Olaum Wormium Mon. Dan. lib. 1. cap. 12. 93. Which places of election it seems were held so sacred as further testified by Wormius z Ibidem sub finem and out of him by Dr. Charleton a Stone-Heng restored to the Danes p. 48. that in times of peace the Candidate King was obliged de Jure there to receive his Inauguration the place and ceremonies being accounted essential parts of his right to Soveraignty and the votes of his Electors much more valid and authentick for being pronounced in the usual Forum 94. But if it happened the King fell in a Foreign expedition by the hand of the enemy the Army presently got together a parcel of great stones and set them in such a round as well somtimes perhaps for the interment of the corps of the deceased King as election of his successor And this 't is like they did 1. Because they esteemed an election in such a Forum a good addition of Title And second with all expedition because by the delay of such election too long irreparable damages many times accrewed to the Republick thereupon b Ol. Wormii Mon. Dan. lib. 1. cap. 12. sub finem which practice of the Danes they both confirm by the authorities of Stephanus Stephanius in his Commentaries on the first Book of Saxo Grammaticus's History of Denmark and Svaningius a grave and faithful Writer of that Nation though what they cite of the latter if that be all he says scarce proves quite so much 95. Beside the erection of Stones in Foreign Nations upon the loss of one King and election of another what if I should add that it s also very likely that the same might be done at the Investiture of a Conqueror into a new acquired Principality Thus why might not Rollo either being compelled as a younger brother to leave Denmark or Norway as was appointed by the Law of the former Kingdom and to seek him a new seat c Tho Walsingham's Ypodigma Neustriae in principio or forced from the latter for Piracy by King Harold Harfager as in the Chronicle of Norway d Vid. Chronicon Norwegicum I say why might not Rollo after good success against those he invaded as Walsingham says expresly he was e Tho Walsingham's Ypodigma Neustriae in princip though in another place be elected King by his followers and be inaugurated here as well as there within such a circle of stones which bearing his name to this very day and he being acknowledged both by Bromton f Joh. Bromton Abbat Jornal in An. 875. and Florilegus g Matth. Westmon in An. 897. to have beaten the Saxons and to have tarryed in this Nation a whole Winter it is highly probable he might be 96. For if we enquire into the origin of the name of this Cirque of stones we shall find that Reich or Riic signifies a Kingdom and somtimes a King as Eyn reich fraw the Queen or Kings woman h Vid. Petri Dasypodii Dictionar Lat. German in verb. Regno Whence 't is plain that these stones seem still to be called the stones of King Rollo or perhaps rather of Rollo's Kingdom for it was