Selected quad for the lemma: enemy_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
enemy_n	advantage_n	great_a	horse_n	1,030	5	6.8368	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A33410	The history of the Turkish War with the Rhodians, Venetians, Egyptians, Persians, and other nations being a compact series of the memorable battels, sieges, and progress of the Ottoman armies in Europe, Asia, and Africa, for near an hundred years, with their various success by sea and land : but a relation more particularly of the first bloody siege of Rhodes in the reign of Mahomet the Great ... and the last under the command of Solyman the Magnificent, who ... totally subdued that famous city and island, defended by the valour of the renowned Peter Aubusson ... / written by Will. Caoursin and Rhodgia Afendy.	Caoursin, Guillaume, d. 1501.; Sinan Paşa, 1440-1486.; Bouhours, Dominique, 1628-1702.	1683 (1683)	Wing B3824D; Wing B3827; Wing C464_CANCELLED; ESTC R24724	170,593	517

and proceeded in all things with more order and conduct Now they continu'd their batteries more terribly then before They also play'd in three several places with two great brass-Cannons like Morter-Peices that carry'd marble-bullets of a prodigious weight and yet all the harm then to kill 25 men and the Chevalier Lyoncel that commanded the Bastion of Cosquin This battery they left off by the advice of the Jewish Physitian who gave them notice how little good it had done After the Turks made it their business to advance their trenches and to fill up the moats with Earth and though the Artillery of the Christians continually fir'd upon them nevertheless they gave not over their work till they had finish'd a great battery between the Spanish and Auvergnian Post and another against that of Italy and there they lodg'd their Cannon that play'd upon the besieg'd so furiously that they durst not peep above the battlements till they had made themselves new defences of wood and plankes upon which the Besiegers having advanc'd their trenches to the side of the Moat made certain gaps in the wall on their side through which they much annoy'd the defendants with their Musket-shot and kill'd some few of them In the mean while the Captains lodg'd themselves in their Trenches Mustapha the General against the Bul-wark of England Peri against the Italian Post Achmat against that of Spain and Auvergne with the Aga of the Janisaries the Beglerbey of Natolia against that of France the Beglerbey of Romania against the Gardens of St. Antony who began a battery at the beginning of August against the German Post which was weak and without any platform Nevertheless the Grand Master caus'd it to be fortify'd within with intrenchments of Earth great pieces of Timber-planks and Bavines and play'd his Artillery so thick from several places and Posts on that side so that he dismounted the Artillery and overthrew the batteries of the Turks till they were aweary of repairing them and so remov'd them By this time it was that the Rhodians began to find the want of their powder and though the Grand Master continually employ'd fourteen of his own horses to bray saltpeter and other materials proper to make powder in a sure and well-guarded place yet the besieged were forc'd to be very sparing of their powder which gave great advantage to the enemy The Turks seeing no good to be done on that side play'd upon the steeple of St. Johns Church and beat it down upon advice giv'n them by the Jewish Physitian that from thence the Christians discover'd what was done in the Camp The ruin of this steeple being a lovely structure was much lamented by the Inhabitants This done the Besiegers under the command of the Beglerbey of Natolia remov'd their batteries against the Tower of St. Nicholas which they furiously play'd upon for the space of ten days with twelve great pieces of Canon but the Artillery from the Tower broke and ruin'd all their batteries so that the Beglerbey was constrain'd to change the form of his batteries to remove his mantlets which are made of Earth close ramm'd and clos'd with boards fasten'd together with great spars of timber to dismount his Guns and plant them in the night upon great platforms without gabions or Mantlet with which playing securely all the night when day appear'd they cover'd them again with Earth and grave Thus they made above 500 shot which onely beat down a pane of the wall on the west-side through which appear'd another good wall and so many stout defendants that these difficulties being related to Solyman he caus'd the said Battery to be remov'd whereby the Chevalier Castellaine Captain of St. Nicholas Tower acquir'd great honour At the same time the Turks rais'd 14 Mantelets against the Posts of England and Spain upon which they planted Guns of a prodigious bigness and play'd upon them for a month together so that they ruin'd the new wall of the English Platform while the old wall stood entire beside that they brought through their trenches unto the Moat three huge peices of Canon with which they levell'd the defences of the Bastion of Spain and beat down the wall by the ruins whereof the Turks might easily mount the Bastion The same Battery they rais'd against the Bastion of Provence with three peices of Canon planted upon the side of the Moat and in a small time threw down more then the besiegers in a long time were able to repair Then the Grand Master leaving St. Maries of the Victory came to St. Athanasius Gate and lodg'd himself under the English wall and there he constituted four Captains allotting to each ten Knights besides the Ordinary Guard to succour and preserve the English wall Besides all this the Turks continually play'd with their Sacres and Falcons and other small Artillery and the besieged did the like which stood them in no small stead to ruin their Mantlets and dismount their peices Among the rest a Culverin shot pierced through a Mantlet upon one piece kill'd five men and carry'd away both legs of the Turkish Canoneer of which he dy'd Solyman was much troubl'd for his loss insomuch that he said he had rather have lost one of his Basha's Nor was the Italian Post more mercifully handl'd which was continually batter'd by seventeen pieces of Canon so that it had bin an easy thing to have mounted the wall by the ruins that fell into the Moat Yet though this long battery had made a great breach in the Italian Post yet would not the besiegers venture an assault but onely continu'd to make their approaches and to ruin the entrenchments and defences of the besieged Which the Chevalier Martinengo seeing with the Grand Masters permission made a sally with about an hundred choice men and falling upon the Enemy unawares kill'd put to flight whatever stood in their way and so with one prisoner and the head of another return'd with great applause The Turks that came in heaps to the relief of their own were miserably torn to pieces by the Artillery of the Town having no shelter and lost a greater number in their retreat then Martinengo slew This being the condition of the City the Grand Master who knew it would not be long ere they gave a General Assault dispatch'd away Bosio to the Pope and his Secretary into Provence and to the King of France beseeching them to hasten the succours which he expected from them Being also desirous to know what news was in the ●urkish Camp one Carpathio a Rhodian undertook to satisfy him and getting out of the Post in a Brigantine with a crew of good Souldiers clad after the Turkish manner he coasted along the shoar as far as the Foss where he saw several Souldiers that were taking the fresh Air by the Sea-side who immediately discover'd him The Rhodiot put on a bold face and in the Turkish Language call'd to them aloud and told them the Basha had sent for

the Knight Piozzasco whom he had establish'd his Lieutenant when he sent him to Sixtus the fourth and who had always been resident in the Court of Rome He commanded the Knight Blanchefort his Nephew whom he sent to Lewis the eleventh to stay in France with the Knights de Bridiers and de Dauvois who accompani'd him in his Embassy And having thus settl'd his affairs he resolv'd to put himself into a posture to receive the Barbarians fully believing that the Turkish Army would suddenly appear before Rhodes Nor was his conjecture false Mahomet put off his Vizor and as before his ambition gave way to his prudence now his prudence gave way to his choler and despight He could no longer endure that a small Republick should brave him in the very bosom of his Empire and the haughtiness of the Knights augmented his so far as to make him fall into transports of rage which would not permit him to listen to the reasons of his wisest Ministers He believ'd none but Demetrius and Meligale those two Renegado's obtain'd the sole disposal of his thoughts and according to the custom of interested Courtiers who flatter the passion of the Prince to satisfy their own they so vehemently incens'd him against the Rhodians and the Order of St. John that he resolv'd to lay siege to Rhodes The better to fix and settle so important an enterprize he held a secret Council to which he call'd the most expert Engineers of all his Armies but the person he most confided in was George Frapam a German who was profoundly skill'd in the art of War and who after he had liv'd some years in the Island of Scio went to Constantinople where being marri'd he had access to the Grand Signior who lov'd men of Parts He had formerly been at Rhodes and had taken a● exact plat-form of the City Upon this plat-form as that which was adjudg'd the most regular of all the rest he began to lay his contrivances for the management of the siege Mahomet who was resolv'd not to go in person whether for fear of hazarding his Renown or else not caring to honour the Knights by fighting against them himself declar'd his Basha Misach Paleologus General of his Army This was his principal Favourite and the most Illustrious Basha of the whole Empire He was a Greek of the Imperial House of the Paleologi born a Christian and bred up in Christianism He forsook his Religion to save his life at the taking of Constantinople when the Conqueror put to death all that fell into his hands of the Family or Blood of the Emperor Constantine Having abjur'd his faith it was no hard thing for him to obtain the highest Commands in the Ottoman Court His wit his courage and deportment were answerable to his birth He had by degrees habituated himself to the customs of the Turks yet not altogether forgetting the fashions of the Greeks so that in him the rudeness of the one and the politeness of the other seem'd to be both joyn'd together When he had gain'd the favour of the Grand Signior he accompani'd him in all his military Expeditions and always shar'd both in his designs and Conquests So that in time he acquir'd great experience in War and it was the general opinion of Turkey that next to Mahomet there was none more fit to undertake the Conduct of a difficult enterprize then Basha Paleologus In the mean while for fear the Grand Master should have advice of what past at Constantinople Mahomet set guards upon all the Passes and commanded his Governors to stop all Posts and to open all Letters He order'd also a great number of Infantry to fall down through Asia the less But that it should not be thought that he intended a siege while he prepares the great Ships which were to carry the extraordinary pieces of Cannon he sent forth out of the Streight a hunder'd and fifty light Ships with ordinary Artillery giving it our at the same time that the whole design of the Ottoman Court was to pillage the Sea Coasts and Islands of the Christians Basha Paleologus stay'd not till the great Fleet was ready he went abroad the first Vessels that set sail and to conceal his design from the Turks themselves he steer'd a course different from that of Rhodes Mahomet was pleas'd that Demetrius and Meligale should bear the Basha Company together with the German Engineer from whom he promised himself great matters All these precautions of Mahomet and the Basha could not prevent but that the designs of the Ottoman Court were discover'd at Rhodes the Grand Master being inform'd of every thing by his Spies which he kept in the Ottoman Court. However the News did not come much before the Gallies that set out first began to appear For they shew'd themselves within sight of the Island upon the fourth day of December in the year 1479. and came to an Anchor before the Fort of Fano The General of the Turks who would not be idle in expectation of the rest of his Forces immediately landed the Cavalry which he had brought with him and order'd his Avant Curriers to harrass the Countrey and burn the Villages The Knight Rodolphus of Wertemberg Baily of Brandenburgh whom the Grand Master had assign'd to sustain the first efforts of the Enemy did not suffer the Spahi's punctually to execute the Orders of their General for he charg'd them at the head of the Light Horse which he commanded and after he had slain several of them forc'd the rest to betake them to their Ships This Repulse constrain'd the Basha to retire but it was only to attacque Felo one of the Islands which the Knights possess'd in the Archipelago The Turks batter'd the Fort without ceasing for eight days together and several times they scal'd the Walls but all to no purpose for the Knights the Souldiers and the Country men that defended the place made so stout a resistance that the Enemy rais'd his Siege with no small loss and disgrace Whereupon the Grand Master did not only commend in full council the valour of the Garison but also sent considerable rewards to those that had most couragiously behav'd themselves proportionable to their condition and merit These first Exploits encourag'd the Christians though they did discourage the Infidels Nor did Misach Paleologus lay so much to heart the misfortune of his Arms as the death of Meligale That Renegado whom the Basha reserv'd for great occasions was struck with a prodigious disease upon the Sea which carry'd him off in a few days His body was all over nothing but corruption and besides the insupportable stench of his Corps the Worms which eat him alive render'd him a miserable spectacle to all the world the sight of which was dreadful to behold After he had endur'd the utmost extremities of Torment and in vain implor'd relief from Heaven he dy'd blaspheming God and cursing men almost in view of Rhodes Paying that punishment which his

Country exacted from him by a most Tragical end In the mean time the Turkish Fleet pass'd the Streight of Gallipoli and the Forces that came by Land rendevouz'd in Lycia as they were appointed There the report ran that Mahomet was suddenly dead and that the Souldiers which march'd from all parts were only to prevent such Commotions and Insurrections as are wont to happen upon the death of the Emperor A Greek Spy who was discover'd at Rhodes and the Prisoners that were taken and sent thither by the Knights of the Fort of Fano confess'd all they knew By other means also the Grand Master understood that the Enemies Fleet drew nearer and nearer and being one that was accustom'd to false reports he believ'd nothing less then the death of Mahomet and as for that of Meligale he look'd upon it as an example of Divine Justice and a pledg of Victory However he omitted not to take all the caution that Humane prudence could require And therefore considering that the Churches of St. Mary and St. Anthony that stood without the City and very near the Walls might serve for shelter for the Infidels and annoy the Town he caus'd them to be pull'd down He order'd that the Inhabitants who had Gardens and Houses about the City should cut down all the Trees that did not bear Fruit and that they should bring into Rhodes as much of the Wood as they could He commanded them also to cut down all the Barley and Oats that were grown up that the Enemy might want for●age for their Horses and also all the Wheat and to spoil the Grass and green Plants After which having chosen for Captains of the Successors the Hospitaller the Admiral the Chancellour and Treasurer of the Order he gave instructions to the Knights of the several Languages what they should severally act exhorting them in a few words to acquit themselves faithfully of thei● duties Behold said he Brave Knights an oppertunity at length for ye a●… to shew what ye are We have pr●visions of all sorts in abundance a●… though our forces are not so numero●… as those of the Enemy they are bo●… valianter and better disciplin'd Italy France Germany all Christendo● will send us relief and we are assur'● of Victory provided we do our duty Jesus Christ as our Captain in the Wa● he will not forsake them that fight f●… his names sake And it will only b●long to you when you have caus'd t●… Infidels to raise their Siege to dri●… them out of Constantinople with t●… assistance of the Christian Princes But because the Grand Master w●… fully perswaded that affairs the be order'd are not always successfu●… unless favour'd and prosper'd by G●… himself he caus'd publick praye● to be made to Heaven and sent f●… an Image of the Virgin It was th●… which the Rhodians worshipp'd upon Mount Palermus and which after Solyman had taken Rhodes was carry'd to Malta where it still remains in the Church of St. John the Baptist What the fatal Image of Minerva was to the people of Troy that was the Image of the Virgin to the people of Rhodes who believ'd they had nothing to fear while she was in the midst of them In the mean while the Sentinel that stood upon the top of St. Stevens Mount gave a Signal to advertize that the Enemies Fleet appear'd The Grand Master hasted to the Mountain to satisfy his own eyes carrying along with him men expert in Sea affairs who were all of one opinion by the course which the Fleet steer'd that they were bound to join with the Basha who stay'd for them in the Port of Fesco there to embarque all his Forces Nor were they de●eiv'd For the Souldiers being em●arqu'd with all speed the Ottoman Fleet compos'd of a hundred and ●ixty Sail steer'd directly along the Coast of Lycia with a fair Gale a● length it appear'd before Rhodes again the 23 d of May in the year 1480 Then to see the excellent order of th● Barbarians to hear the joyful shout of the Barbarians the sound of th● Fifes the noise of the Trumpets it seem'd as if they had been Triumphant Victorers making their entr● into a conquer'd City THE HISTORY OF Peter D'Aubusson Grand Master of RHODES Book Third THE City of Rhodes so famous in Antiquity for Art and Science there cherish'd and for the birth of so ma●y famous men is seated by the Sea●de upon the descent of a little Hill ●hich rises insensibly in a pleasant ●lain in the North part of the Island ●hat bears its name It is crown'd with several little Hillocks full of clear Springs and which in the time of the Grand Master whose story 〈◊〉 write were all shaded with Orange Pomegranate Trees and others of the same nature It was then well built immur'd with a double Wall fortifyd with several Towers tha● were encompass'd every one with a kind of Ravelin or Bastion A grea● Rampart sustain'd these Walls within and a large and deep Moat environd them without But towar● the South and on that side wher● the Jews inhabited in the low Tow● the Towers were something mo●… distant one from another for whic● reason that side was so much th● weaker The Quarter where the Knigh● liv'd which was calld the Mansion● of the Languages and was a kin● of City by it self was the strong● not only for its scituation but al● for the fortification which art had a●ded to it For besides that the S● wash'd it upon the North and Ea●… it was defended by two Bulwark nine Towers and by a particular Fortification that extended if self to the Sea A very thick Wall and flank'd with good Towers separated it from the low Town which the people and inhabitants possess'd The Palace of the Grand Master that run along the Mansions of the Knights upon the West side was better fortifyd then the rest having three or four distinct enclosures The Port that was the chief defence of the whole City look'd toward the East and somewhat toward the North. It was made by two Moles that stretching themselves from the Walls of the City and almost meeting one another left no more room but for one Gally at a time to enter The entry was guarded by two strong Towers seated upon two Rocks upon which formerly stood the famous Colossus of Brass which was accounted one of the seven wonders of the World Two little Bosomes of Sea did as it were adorn the Port upon the North and South sides and a Mole that stretch'd it self above three hunder'd paces into the Sea at the end whereof stood the Tower of St. Nicholas which clos'd the bosom that lay upon the North. If we may believe the old Arabick Chronicles intermixt with many fables this Fort was anciently built by an Arabian Prince call'd by the name of Muhavias a great Souldier and Son of Abi Safian This Prince from Governor of Egypt and Syria coming to be Caleph nine and thirty years after Mahomet was

no sooner seated upon the Arabian Throne but he resolv'd to conquer all the Roman Empire and his first design was to attaque Constantinople by Sea and Land But he was advis'd to go first to Rhodes which the exploits of the Romans made every day more famous then other among all the Nations of the World For the bringing of which enterprize to pass having besieg'd the City he built a Tower just by the Port upon the Rocks that ran very far into the Sea And those fabulous Stories relate that he built this Tower so high that the top of it touch'd the Heavens and the foundations reach'd to the center of the Earth The truth is that after the Venetians had rais'd the siege of Rhodes in the year 1464 the Grand Master Zacosta considering of what great advantage a Fort built upon those Rocks would be for the defence of the City began that very year to build the Tower of St. Nicholas and that Philip Duke of Burgundy gave twelve thousand Crowns in Gold to finish it which engag'd the Knights to set the Arms of the Duke of Bungundy and the Provinces under his subjection upon the Tower This was the condition of the City of Rhodes when it was besieg'd by the Army of Mahomet The Fleet came to an Anchor just against St. Steven's Mount and mauger all that the Knights could do to hinder their landing the Turks got footing and lodg'd themselves immediately upon the Mount and in the neighbouring plains At the same time they brought a-shore all their Artillery also and their Engines of War The Basha had in his Army which consisted at least of a hunder'd thousand men all the best Squadrons of Anatolia the choice of the Spahis and Janizaries above four thousand Voluntiers several Beys of Romania and other Governments and lastly several Companies compos'd of the Veteran Bands that had followd Mahomet in all his military Expeditions No sooner were they encampd but a Troop of Voluntiers came briskly up to the walls of the City to brave the Rhodians whether the first heat with which they landed were not yet allaid or whether they thought that some bold and irregular action could do no harm at the beginning of the Siege But their precipitation cost them dear for a party of the Knights sallying out upon them charg'd them so vigorously that after they had slain a great number of them they put the rest to flight The Knights were no sooner re-enterd but the Barbarians return'd in better order and far more numerous to observe the condition of the Town The Renegado Demetrius was in the head of them in whom the Basha most confided since the death of Meligale Thereupon the Knights made a second sally commanded by Antony D Aubusson Vicount of Monteil the Grand Master's Brother He arrivd at Rhodes but some days before with an Equipage and a Train answerable to his Quality He came to Rhodes not only with an intention to go to Jerusalem and to visit the holy Sepulcher according to the custom of those times but also to assist the Grand Master his Brother and to serve the Church finding himself in a Siege with which the Knights were menac'd every moment He was a person of great Honour and Generosity very skilful in the art of War and one that profoundly understood the World He was made Captain General of the Rhodians upon his arrival the Heads of the Council who knew his worth making choice of him with one consent He had brought along with him several Gentlemen of Marche that were his Tenants or else his Friends not to speak of other Souldiers that accompani'd him of which the chief were Lewis of Chaon of one of the most noble Houses of Anjou William Gomare of Xaintonge Matthew Brangelier of Perigord Claudian Colombe of Bourdeaux Charles le Roy of Dijon and Lewis Sanguin of Paris The Vicount of Monteil staid not till the enemy came up to him but march'd to them with his Sword in his hand and charg'd them vigorously with his Troop The Turks sustaind the first charge without stirring and Demetrius encourag'd them so by his words and his example that they at length made the Christians give ground They had perhaps put them to disorder if the Vicount of Montel had not impetuously spurr'd his Horse upon the chief of the Barbrians who seem'd to him to be the most resolv'd and couragious The Knights followed the Vicount and behav'd themselves so valiantly that the enemies were presently cut to pieces manger all the resistance they made Demetrius defended himself with all the courage that honour and fury could inspire into him But his Horse being kill'd under him he was himself thrown to the ground and trampl'd over by the Horses Insomuch that he who had abjur'd the Faith and conspir'd the destruction of Rhodes advanc'd the design of the Infidels no more than his friend Meligalus over whom he had only this advantage to dye with his Arms in his hands and signalizing his valour a death too noble for a Renegado and a Traytor The Rhodians in this encounter only lost the Knight de Murat of the Auvernian Language and one of the bravest persons of the Order He was encompast by a Body of Spahi's being in the pursuit of some that ran away and run through in a thousand places while he was disarming Demetrius The Turks put his head upon on the end of a Lance and to comfort themselves for their misfortune carri'd it into their Camp with most hideous yellings and shouts of derision The body was recover'd out of their hands by the Knights and the Grand Master caus'd him to be enterr'd with all the pomp and honour that so renown'd an action deservd These first attempts not having succeeded with the Infidels the Dutch Engineer advis'd the battering of St. Nicholas Tower believing that if they could master that the City would soon surrender or at least that they should thereby hinder any Vessel from getting into the Port. The Basha believ'd the Engineer and the Turks carri'd three great pieces of Artillery into the Gardens adjoyning to St. Anthony's Church which commanded the Tower They presently cut down the trees and after they had plac'd their Gabions to secure themselves they shot without ceasing The Grand Master immediately rais'd a Counter Battery with three pieces in the Garden of the Auvernian lodgings Now in regard the noise of the Cannon that never lay still all day long alarm'd the inhabitants he walk'd his rounds about the City accompani'd by the principal Knights confirming the courage of the people by his presence He also visited all the Posts the same night encouraging the Souldiers and exhorting them to fight couragiously for the Faith No sooner the day began to peep but the German Engineer appear'd upon the brink of the City-Moat humbly desiring the Guards to open the Gates for him but the Souldiers had certainly shot him had not some of the more prudent Knights prevented them