which they perceiving for this cause the time of their service being expired took part with Guaimaro who by their worthy deeds in a short time recovered much Through these famous atchieuments the Normans gained the reputation of valiant Warriers with every one In the mean time died Tancred their Father which was Earl of Altavilla the which Count descending to Gugliâ—lmo Ferrabach his eldest son omitted no time to go into Normandy to take possession thereof where after he had setled the affairs of his State returned afterward into Italy bringing with him no less then fifteen thousand Normans into Romagna and in process of time got not only the dominion thereof but also the most part of Tuscan Things resting in this manner the Saracins possest all Sicilia and Sardinia and many times did much prejudice the Coast of Italy whereupon Pope Sergio the 4 fearing and much suspecting they would overrun all Italy demanded aid of Guglielmo Ferabach Guglielmo through the perswasion of the Pope went in this expedition with eleven thousand of his souldiers together with Maniace Captain of Michele Paslagone the Greek Emperor to the recovery of Sicilia and with much valour and courage expeld the Saracins out of all the â—sle but Maniace not observing the agreement that what was gotten should be equally divided between them Farabache growing wrathfull past with his Normans into Puglia making a mighty slaughter subdued the greasted part and finding a fit and secure place builded the City of Melsi in a difficult place and well fortified by nature The which Maniace understanding came upon him with a strong Army but Ferabach braving the enemy which besieged him being wearied with travel came out against them and encountring them gave them a mighty overthrow near the River of Lofonte in Puglia the Normans remaining Conquerors and so rich both of reputation and spoil mounted mightily in state indeavouring both by might and other Military means to obtain other places and Cities in Puglia the which atchieuments succeeding with so great felicity to the Normans it followed that all Puglia came into the possession of the said Guglielmo who through his valiant acts had the name of Ferabach that is to say strong-arm of which dominion he afterward took the title of an Earl Afterward Guglielmo died in the year of our Lord 1042. and because he left no child his brother Dragone succeeded in the County which was Lord of Venosa who had at his beginning a great overthrow by Melo Captain of the Greek Emperor and lost a great part of Puglia but being aided by Guaimaro Prince of Salerno he oftentimes fought with the Greeks without any advantage yet in the end in a great conflict he overthrew and dissolved the Greek Army and not only recovered that which he had first lost but also got many Castles and Holds which the enemies possest upon the Sea-coast of Puglia At this time the Emperor Henry the second came into Italy and having pacified the affairs of the Church went into the Kingdom and confirmed to Dragone the County of Puglia from whom he received not only much money but had also the best and fairest horses that were in all the Kingdom The Emperor departing Italy the Earl Dragone moved the Beneventani to War and in two battels which he made his Army was overthrown and he flying was slain by the enemies His brother Humfrido took the possession of the Earldom at which time Guaimaro Prince of Salerno was cruelly murdered by his own people and his son was made Prince with the help of the Normans which the said Count laboured with long War in the end the Count ill demeaning himself with the Pugliesi was for his cruel nature slain in the year 1057. Baielardo his son succeeded in his fathers Dominion the which being chased away in the same year by Ruberto Guiscard his uncle this Ruberto became the fourth Earl of Puglia who being a valiant man at arms and of a great spirit suddenly besieged Reggio and having taken it went with prosperous victory subduing other parts and Cities of Calauria to his dominion Afterward he returned into Puglia took Troia and in such manner never rested taking from hand to hand many Cities and brought all the Normans of that Country under his Empire and being fully resolved to continue no longer an Earl with a general consent caused himself to be called Duke of Puglia and Calauria At this present Nicholas the second Bishop of Rome being much incumbred with the Roman Barons came in the year 1â—59 to the Parlament with Guiscardo in the City of Aquila and Guiscard having with much humility adored the Pope made peace with him and restored unto him the City of Benevento and all other places that he had belonging to the Church for the which the Pope not only received him into grace and favour but confirmed and invested him with the Title of Duke of Puglia and Calauria The which act was registred and confirmed with a solemn Oath and so Ruberto was now made a Vassal and Liegeman of the Church Sigonio writeth two Acts of the Oath which Ruberto at this present made to the Pope the one to pay the yearly tribute the other loyalty and homage the which two Acts I thought good to insert in this place to the end the Reader may know how the Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction began in the Kingdom of Naples The first is in this sort Ego Robertus Dei gratia St. Petri Dux Apuliae Calabriae utroque subveniente futurus Siculis ad confirmationem traditionis ad recognitionem fidelitatis de terra S. Petri promitto me quotannis pro unoquoque jugo boum pensionem duodecim denariorum Papiensium persoluturum B. Petro tibi D. meo Nicolao Papae omnibus successoribus tuis aut tuis aut tuorum successorum nunciis ad S. Resurrectionem obligans me meos haeredes sive successores tibi successoribus tuis Sic me Deus adjuvet c. The second is thus Ego Robertus Dei S. Petri gratia Dux Apuliae utroque subveniente futurus Siciliae ab hinc in posterum fidelis â—ro S. Romanae Ecclesiae Apostolicae Sedi D. meo Nicolao Papae Neque ero auctor aut adjutor ut vitam aut membrum amittas aut capiaris mala captione consilium quod mihi credideris ne enunciem imperaris non enunciabo in tuum detrimentum sciens S. Romanae Ecclesiae ubique adjutor ero ad tenenda acquirenda regalia S. Petri ejusque possessiones pro viribus meis contra homines adjuvabo te ut securè honorifice tenens Pontificatum Romanum terramque S. Petri Et Principatum nec invadere nec subigere tentabo nec praedari contendam sine tua tuorumque successorum licentia Pensionem de terra S. Petri quam ego teneo aut tenebo sicut statutum est recta fide studebo ut
river Lofanto on the South the Apennine with the Irpini and Sanniti on the West the Ferentani and Carraceni with the river Frontone and on the North the Adriatick or Ionian Sea Iohn Pontano in his second book of Histories handling many things saith that in the time of the first Normans and afterward the Greeks this Province was called Catapaniata because those that were sent to rule here by the Emperors of Constantinople were called in the Greek tongue Catapini and that afterward by corruption of the word it was called the Province of Capitanata and those that governed it Capitani The words of Pontano are these Apuliae pars ea que ab â—rentone flumine hodie Fortorium est ab Aufidi ripas sua nunc appellatione est Capitanata quae Normanorum prius ac Graecorum temporibus fuerat Catapaniata quòd qui ejus moderatione esset ab Imperatore Constantinopolitano praepositus diceretur Graeco nomine Catapanus quae vox contractis atque immutatis literis recentioribus versa est in Capitanatam quique Catapanus fuerat in Capitinium Quae verò Calabriae pars olim fuit in qua Tarentum Brundusium ac Salentinorum maritima est ora ea ab Hydrunto oppido ad quod est ab Macedonia Epiroque quam brevissima ad navigatio Hydruntina hodie terra dicitur At qui est ab Auâ—ido tractus ad Calabriae hoc est Hydruntinae fines terrae quo intractu sunt ad mare posita Barolum Tranum Vigilae Melficta Iuvenatium Barum Polygnanum Monopolis ab urbe Baro quae caput olim regionis fuit Barensis vocitata est terra regiorum quaestorum constitutione ac jussu Post eam montana loca quaeque olim fuere illinc Lucaniae hinc Apuliae iisdem illis temporibus vocari coepta Basilicata Quae appellatio unde potissimum ducta sit jure anceps est ac dubium Sunt enim qui existiment haud satis tamen certis auctoribus Constantinopolitano olim ab Imperatore regionem eam filiae ac genero traditam dotis nomine veri autem aliis videtur esse similius à Basilio quodam fortissimo viro dictam qui per illa tempora loca ea tenuerit deque regione ipsa tractumque omni Salentino Graecos industria sua pepulerit atque Poenos c. This Province as is said was in old time called Iapygia of Iapyge the son of Dedalus as Herodotus affirmeth but as Servio saith upon this verse of Virgil Victor Gargani condebat Iapygiis agris He saith that Iapygia was a part of Puglia wherein standeth the Hill Gargano which reacheth even to the Adriatick Sea It was also called Mesapia of the people Mesapii which inhabited in a part thereof although others say that it was so named of King Mesapo the son of Neptune Being afterward possest by Dauno the son of Pilumno and of King Danae the Grandsire of King Turnus all that country was called Daunia After him Diomedes coming with a great number of the people Etoli there to inhabit he divided the country between himself and Diomedes Afterward it was named Apulia of Apulo a most ancient King of these places which came hither to inhabit a long time before the Wars of Troy Ptolomy divideth Puglia the one part from Tiâ—erno to the city of Bary called Daunia and from thence unto the Salentini which are the people of the couâ—try of Otronto called Peucetia Puglia came to the knowledg of the Romans rather through Wars then friendship for as Livy writeth with the rebellion of the Sannites the Romans had also Puglia their enemy whose Territory was laid waste and spoiled by them and at sundry times after as it appears in Livy came into the power of the Romans All this region was from the beginning in great prosperity but Hannibal and other Wars that succeeded him destroyed it and left it desolate the which Strabo confirms in his sixth book when writing thereof he saith Priori tempore universae hujus terrae secunda fortuna florebat postea vero Annibal sequentia bella desertam illam reddiderunt This most fruitfull Province bringeth forth great store of wheat barley and other corn and more plentifull then any other part of Italy although many fields are reserved for the pasture of sundry flocks of sheep which are brought from Abruzzo The earth or soil although it be sandy and light and the grass which grows thereon be small and slender it is nevertheless very fruitfull and storeth Naples Slavonia Venice and Tuscane with plenty of flesh This region indureth much water whereupon the Poet Horace saith that Apulia is full of silk and in some places it wanteth trees the air is temperate but in the summer season it is so much 〈◊〉 â—ith heat that it is not only hurtfull to strangers but even to the natural 〈◊〉 of the country All this region is very plentifull of every thing both horses and excellent sheep the wool is softer then that of Taranto but not so fine the hony there is much commended the vallies which lie by the plains makes it a very pleasant country whereby all the Province is much inhabited so that it hath in all ten cities and 52 towns and castles the cities are St. Angelo Manfredonia Siponto Lesina Vieste Ascoli Bovino Volturara Teâ—mole Troia This Province containeth the Hill Gargano with the appurtenances thereof which stretching out as it were an arm of the Apennine towards the Adriatick Sea compasseth in the lowest descent thereof which ends in the plain â—00 miles where appears all the riâ—hes of Puglia with plenty of water it is also very well garnished and also richly furnished with trees and phisical herbs for the which there repairs from far countries iâ—finite Herbalists and Simplisâ—â— whereupon it seemâ— that nature hath indued it with so great perfection 〈◊〉 â—or the pâ—eâ—â—denâ—e and pâ—imaâ—y with all the other Hils of the Orient Diomedes purposed to make the said Hill an Island because the Istmus thereof is no more then two miles broad but this and other works he undertook were left imperfect because he returned home to his own house where he ended his life although some write that he remained here during his life Others feigning report that he vanished into the Isle of Diomedes and that his companions were transformed into fowls In this Country is bred the Tarantola whose venom as is before declared is cured with sounds and singing Here also breeds the Chersidri or the Cavalette which the country people call Brucoli which being dispersed here and there do feed and wholly devour all the fields with infinite hurt and spoil In the top of the said hill is the famous and noble city of St. Angelo from the which at this present for the most part the hill is so called for the Archangel St. Michael which appeared there where is to be seen the most devout and honourable Cave and holy Temple
dedicated in honour to the Archangel St. Michael which as every one knoweth is one of the most famous Oratories in all Christendom and is at all times visited and frequented with great superstition of infinite people The said city is very populous and strong by nature and exceeds in the plenty of all things necessary for the sustenance of living creatures This place being possest by the Saracins they fortified it and held it a long time untill Grimoaldo the fifth Duke of Benevento and 11 King of Italy went with an Army against them and almost slew them all which was in the year 652. Grimoaldo being dead the Saracins newly possessed it again But the Emperor Charls the great and King of France coming into Italy after he had overcome them put them all miserably to death with the edg of the sword But now seeing a fitting occasion is presented unto me to declare what the said Church was and the beginning of the building and the great devision thereof Here is a cave or vault in a main rock in the aforesaid hill which descendeth many steps very low before the which descent are in the same rock certain buildings wrought by hand where are Tables written of infinite miracles and favourâ— by God vouchsafed unto men through the intercession as they say of that Saint Below in the cave is a great dore of brass very curiously wrought which entreth into that wonderfull vault the house of the most holy Archangel St. Michael which standeth towards the East and round about it is alwaies to be seen to distill a pure liquor In the midst is a little quire which is ascended by four steps but as a man approacheth near to the holy Altar of the Angel he is suddenly strucken with great devotion in the contemplation of high and celestial things There is to be seen the little Altar consecrated by the holy Archangel St. Michael where he hath left the print of his foot the which little Altar stands upon another Altar curiously wrought where the Priests commonly say Mass. On the left side are certain other Altars cut out of the rock all very commodious to say Mass. The floore of the cave is paved with white and red Marble well mixed and divided Without above the vault there is a very fair and pleasant Wood very strange and wonderfull to those that behold it because that through a great brow of the hill not any tree can be discerned and that which yields the greatest wonder of all is that so many great trees grow upon the main rock The cause why this place was dedicated to St. Michael our Ancestors say grew by this accident In the year of our Lord 494. in the second year of Pope Galasio the first and the third year of the Emperor Anastasius there was a citizen of Siponto called Gargano a man far richer in cattel then any one in the country the which under the custody of many heardsmen grasâ—ing upon the Hill Gargano had a Bull which was strayed among the Woods and seeking him a long time through those parts in the end one day found him feeding before the dore of the said cave wherewith Gargano being offended put an arrow into his bow and shot to kill him but scant had the arrow touched the Bull but it rebounded back and with the point strook Gargano the which being held as a great miracle by the Heardsmen that were there present perswaded Gargano to find out some holy man of sincere life and great authority to whom he 〈◊〉 this accident The which Lorenzo hearing which was accounted so religious a man admiring at so great a miracle caused the people to fast three dayes and with many prayers reconciling themselves unto God The Fast ended and divine Service solemnly celebrated the night following St. Michael appeared to Lorenzo said unto him By the will of God and through my means it is so come to passe O Lorenzo that the Bull hath discovered this place chosen by my self where I desire a Church should be made to my name that I might have a dwelling upon the earth amongst men Declare to the Citizens that in this place I am to pardon in the name of God the sins of the people which repair hither The which vision after Lorenzo had rendered due thanks unto God he declared it Then with generall procession and many ceremonies they went very religiously to the holy cave where with great devotion they said solemn service and so to the honor of St. Michaell the Archangell the place was dedicated The Pope understanding thereof sent three Bishops to consecrate the Church and the Angell appeared again saying that needed not to be consecrated by humane means which was consecrated by divine providence and that in token and sign thereof they should find the print of his foot upon the Altar The morning following they went in procession and so finding it after they had all yeilded due thanks unto God consecrated another hill hard by which at this present is called the holy Hill whither repair infinite people with great devotion on every side Now not long after the Neapolitane Army coming to Seponto after it had sack't Benevento the people betaking themselves to prayer after they had fasted three days the night following the Angell appeared in sleep to Lorenzo admonishing him that the next morning he should cause all the people to arm themselves and to assail their enemies Camp and he would aid them therein The people beleeving the words of Lorenzo marched with their army into the Fields and invaded their enemies upon whom came from heaven even at an instant so horrible a tempest with lightning and thunder that the enemies army was not onely scattered and disperst but most of them cruelly slain Now the faith and devotion of the people greatly increased and with much alms and great gifts of gold and silver the Church was very richly beautified and inlarged All this which is rehearst his own legend testifieth which you may believe if you please and also the learned Iohn Pontano in the second book of the Neapolitane war writeth whose words are these Nec vero alienum fuerit quoniam in templi mentionem maxime augusti incidimus ad cujus antrum ab ultimis terrarum finibus annis singulis plurimi mortales selvendis votis accedunt de ejus initiis quaeque ab antiquis auctoribus habeo comperta pauca pro meo instituto referre Est nativa specus durissimo è saxo in quam multis gradibus caeterum non lato admodum aditu descenditur specularibus quibusdam lumen praebentibus Vestit cam parte superiore qua nativa ipsa quidem ac perimosa testudo est è quercu vasta proceritate lucus muris tamen circundatus pecori nequa pateat ingressus Ante vero antrum in imum descenderis qua specus diffunditur mira animum religio subit loco ipso sub obscuro horrido solaque
terra Lennia and terra Sacra it is much commended by Galen and many other Physitians as an excellent remedy to heal wounds and the bloudy flux and pestilent diseases and the biting of venomous creatures and to preserve a man from poyson and to vomit poyson already taken and for other infirmities There is also a Mine of natural and artificial Salt-peter In the Province of Calauria on this side In the Territy of the Country of Martorano is a Mine of Steel In the Territory of the City of Cosenza near the River Iovinio are Mines of Gold and Iron and in a place commonly called Macchia germana is a Mine of Gold of Lead and Brimstone and a little farther in another place called Miliano is a Mine of Salt and Alume In the Territory of Pietrâ— fitta near the River Ispica are Mines of Steel Lead and Salt In the Territory of the Country of Regina are Mines of Alabaster of Brimstone and of Coperas In the Territory of the Country of Longobucco are Mines of Silver and Quicksilver In the Territory of Rossano are Mines of Salt and of Alabaster and the Marchesite stone In the Territory of Alto monte are Mines of Gold of Silver of Iron and of Alabaster and there grows Cristal and there also mighty Hils of white salt In the Province of Calauria on the other side In the Territory of the City of Regio are Mines of Alabaster of Brimstone and Saltpeter In the Territory of the City of Taverna is a Mine of Antimonium which is a stone of the colour of lead and very brittle like that which grows in Britany In the Territory of the Country of Agata is a Mine of Iron and Steel and of the Adamant stone In the Territory of Belforte is a Mine of Gold and of Iron and there grows Coprass and Cristal In the Territory of Calatro is a Mine of Iron In the Territory of Belvedere are Mines of Silver of Iron of Brimstone of Alume of Salt and of white and black Alabaster and there grows a stone which shineth like Silver In the Territory of Soriano is a Mine of Quicksilver In the Territory of Nicastro is a Mine of Quicksilver and there are also goodly Hils of mixed Marble In the Territory of Mesuraca is a Mine of Earth which yields a colour called of Latinists Giluus In the City Cotrone grows a Thistle which yieldeth Mastick and also it grows in Castrovillare and in many other places of Calauria And to conclude Calauria is a very goodly Region and yieldeth plenty of all good things The Castles and Forts of defence which are in the Kingdom of Naples with the number of Souldiers which remain in every Guard and their monthly pay The names of the Castles The number of souldiers The pay what it monthly imports In Naples are these 3 Castles  Duckets 1. The new Castle 167 775.2.12 2. The Castle of Eramo 110 452.2.9 3. The Castle of Vovo 25 90.4.11 The Castle of Baia. 69 233.0.13 The Castle of the Isle Ischia 34 116. The Castle of Gaeta 86 322.3.3 The Castle of Capoa 51 200.1.13 The Castle of Aquila 53 197.1.13 The fortified Castle of Brindesi 56 175.3 The Castle of Leccie 54 201.1.13 The Castle of Otranto 86 144.1.13 The Castle of Civitella 94 Duckets 321.0.13 The Castle of Pesara 62 303.2.10 The Castle of Viesti 36 247 1.13â— The Castle of Momfredonia 34 137.1.13 The Castle of Barletta 52 194.1.13 The Castle of Bary 28 118.1.13 The Castle of Monopoli 29 140. The Castle of Brindesi 41 151. The little Castle of Brindesi 63 223.4 The Castle of Cosenza hath only a Capt. with the pay of 10 crowns monthly 1 10 The Castle of Gallipoli 30 Duckets 125.1.13 The Castle of Taranto 46 176.0.4 The Castle of Cotrone 39 136.3.6 The Castle of Biâ—eglia hath but only a Captain 1 10 The Castle of St. Germano hath only a Captain with the allowance of 200 duckets yearly 1 17 The Castle of Trani hath only a Captain with the pay of 10 crowns monthly 1 10 In the Isle of Nisâ—ta the Court maintainâ—th a Gaâ—ison  Duckets The Fort of the City of Amanâ—eâ— maintaineth 6 souldiers 6 20.4 The Fort of St. Cataldo maintain there 6 262. In the Isle of Tipare are two Gunners 2 2 A CATALOGVE Of the Earls and Dukes of Puglia and Calauria and of all the Kings of Naples Normans Sâ—evi Angioini Durazzeschi Aragonesi Castilliani Austriaci ALthough I have more at large written in another book of the lives of all the Kings which have ruled the Kingdom of Naples but being now to speak of the same subject I will handle every thing with as much brevity as may be hoping that as it will be no small ornament to this work so it will give no little contentment to the Reader It is then to be understood that in the year of our Lord 987. the last year of the reign of Lewis the fifth King of France avaliant Norman souldier and of great magnanimity called Tancred having twelve sons which he had by two wives that is to say of Moriella Lucha his first wife he had Frumentino Gotfredo Sarno Tancred Malugero Dragone Godfredo and Alberedo of the second wife called Fresanda Rotaria the daughter or as some write the sister of the Earl of Altavilla he had Guglielmo Feraback Vnfredo Ruberto Guiscard and Ruggieri Bosso with these twelve sons Tancred determined to seek out some new Country to inhabit and to try some new and better fortune with hope to find some other place to live better and more richly through his industry and wit and coming into Italy first arived in Romagna and perceiving that Landolfo Prince of Salerno was much opprest through the excursions and outroads of the Saracins sent in his aid six of his sons who being well provided by the Prince both of horse and arms in three battels wherein they incountred the enemy made an admirable slaughter of them whereupon they returned as it were in triumph to Salerno and were by the Prince and all the people received and with much intreaty were sollicited to remain in that Court But they declaring that what they did was not for any human pomp nor for any other end but the service of God refusing all gifts returned to their own habitation But within a few years following there fell certain controversies between Pandolfo of St. Agata and Guaimaro Prince of Salerno Pandolfo sent Ambassadors into Romagno requesting Guglielmo Dragone and Vmfrido three sons of Tancred with many promises and offers to serve under his pay which that he might the better do in the manner of another Narsetes sent them not only rich furniture for horses and costly apparel for themselves but great store of money These worthy men made no delay to come to the Prince Pandolfo through whose assistance the enemy being foild was forced with shame and sorrow to retire but Pandolfo being brutish and ungratefull made no great account of them
Order The Siege provd very obstinat for four months and the Canons played upon the walls of Malta incossantly which batterd som of them down to the ground destroyed multitudes of houses killd within the Town 7000. of all ages and Sexes with 2000. Cavalliers and Commanders of all Nations who had sacrified their lives for the preservation of Malta and therby transmitted their Fame to Posterity Don Garcia de Toledo hereupon returnd triumphantly with his Fleet to Naples where the three Castles and the Church of Carmine saluted him with sundry Volleys of great Shot The next Design was no less succesfull to Philip for he made himself absolut Master of Melilla notwithstanding that the Mahumetans added witch-craft to their Stratagems of War to over-throw the Spaniards A little after Philip understanding that Florida which belongd to him by right of discovery being part of new-found World was colonied and usurpd by a Plantation of French Hugonots whom he abhorrd as Hereticks in his opinion the chief wherof was Iohn Riblaut King Philip commanded eight Galeons with 1500. Soldiers to be made ready at Caâ—es appointed Pedro Melendez de Valdez Commander in chief giving him the title of Adelantado or Governour of Florida after a prosperous Navigation thither he assaulted a Fort which the French-men had built and he pursued the point of his Design with that vigor that he subdued it with the loss of a 150. men and so driving the French into the Mountains and Desarts he made himself Master of the Country upon Michaelmas day The next yeer he sent Sea and Land Forces towards the Luzones Ilands which ly the South-east which had bin discoverd by Magellan before And he imployed upon this Service Michael Lope de Legaspe who had such prosperous success that arriving at the I le of Zebu he was receivd with much humanity and frendship by Tupas who ruld ther as King so he built ther a Town calld Saint Michel with a strong Fort and having som Fryers aboard he raysd ther the Standard of the Cross and many of the Indians were reducd to Christianity in a short time acknowledging the Catholic King for their Lord Paramount many Iles more wherof ther is such an infinity rendred themselfs and in honor of the King they were Christned las Philippinas making a Town calld Manila the chief wher afterwards the Christian Vice-roys resided and much about that time the Frontire Town twixt Champagne and Germany took his name and is calld Philipsburg to this day All this while King Philip had the wind in the Poupe and Fortune on the Fore-castle but now growing old that inconstant Female fell from him and turnd her back and as commonly one good Success coms not alone so disaster and misfortunes when they once com they com like the Surges of the Sea and one wave upon the neck of another And indeed the affairs of this instable World are nothing but Vicissitudes composd of good and bad events The first frown thaâ— Fortune did cast upon King Philip was under the Command of the Conde of Alcaudete at Mostagan in Barbary wher the said Conde was slain by the Forces of the Xariphe a petty Morisco King and so the enterprizd fayld Not long after the Napolitan Gallies with other Christian Forces had very lamentable success at Los Gelves neer Tripoli wher most of the Christian Fleet perishd Don Alvaro Commander in chief was taken prisoner and presented to Piali the Turks General but ther was a great deal of rashness and imprudence usd in the conduct of that expedition which hapned in the yeer 1570. For had the Christian Army set upon Tripoli which was a place not so strong in the ey of reason and all humane probability they might have taken it having a competent strength to do it for the Army consisted of 12000. Soldiers besides Commanders 38. Galeons and 26. Gallies but as Marriages so Victories are decreed in Heaven Another disastrous Accident hapned in the Port of Herradura in the Kingdom of Granada wher Don Iohn of Mendosa son to Bernardin de Mendoza Vice-roy and Captain-Generall of Naples who having a considerable Fleet wherin ther were 3500. land Soldiers which were to be quarterd in the Kingdom of Valentia wher an Insurrection was feard there blew upon a sudden such a furious gust of an East-wind that most of the Fleet perishd and above 5000. Souls But this mis-fortune was inferior to that which hapned three yeers after which was in 1574. when Aluch-Ali that famous Turkish Generall came with a formidable Army to the coasts of Barbary wherwith he made himself Master of Goletta and Tunis wher above 200. peeces of Ordinance were found which the Enemy made prize of with other rich Booties they destroyed all the Churches and Monasteries except the great Church which was preservd by a ransom of money This crowd of Disasters ushering in one another besides that costly and remote War in Flanders might in any mans judgment have daunted the spirits of King Philip who before had bin so long habituated to good success for as the morall Philosopher tells us Miserum est fuisse felicem One of the worst kind of unhappiness is to have bin happy but he was a Prince of a marvailous aequanimity and temper one who had long studied the mutable condition and lubricities of this world insomuch that these crosser traverses did rather heighten his mind then depress it for not long after he riggd a mighty Fleet upon a great Dessign no less then for the conquest of England which he thought to swallow at a bit which shews that neither his spirits nor treasure was wasted notwithanding the vast expences in the Flemmish Wars and so many millions that he buried in building the Escuriall The ground of this hardy Enterprize upon England was that he had receivd divers Indignities and his Subjects much damage from his Sister Queen Elizabeth though for his part he ever since the death of his wife Queen Mary forbore to do any thing that might displease her during his aboad in England he had don her such signall and high favors as to preserve her head from the Scaffold to have her allowance enlargd to divert her Sister from a design she had to send her beyond Sea to be a Nun and at his departure from England he desired not to carry with him but one Ring of 100 l. price nor demanded he any thing of his wifes moveables after her death And lastly he had shewed no small love for comprehending the surrendry of Calais to the English in his treaty of peace with France But in lieu of these Plums he gave her she threw the stones at him by assisting Don Antonio the Bastard against him about the Title of Portugal by fomenting his own naturall Subjects against him in the revolt of the confederat Provinces as far as to send a Governor of her own amongst them by giving commissions to rob him in the Indies by intercepting som
quita para daros la a vos Dos cosas os encomiendo mucho la una que permanescais siempre en la obediencia de la santa Iglesia Catolica la otra que hagais justicia y ameis a vuestros vassallos pues vendrá tiempo en que esta corona se os cayga de la cabeca como aora a mi vos sois mancebo yo lo he sido mis dias estavan contades ya se han acabado Dios sabe los que tendreis de vida y tambien han de tener fin y assi es menester no desany daros en lo que tanto importa sino mirar como vivis porque la muerte os halle en buen estado siempre que os llame My Son I was willing you shold be present at this hour now that I am taking the holy Unction for two respects first that you might be not so ignorant hereof as I have bin Secondly that you may be an Ey-witness what becoms of worldly Monarchs you see alredy my Son how God hath disrobd me of the Glory and Majesty of a King to transfer this investiture to you they will very speedily wind me up in a poor sheet and gird me about with a poor girdle meaning Saint Francis Cordon The Crown is upon point of falling off my head death takes it from me to give it you I recommend unto you two things first that you wold continue constant in the holy Catholic Church Secondly that you wold cause Justice to be don to your Subjects and that you wold love them for the time will com that the Crown will also fall from off your head as it doth from mine you are young and I am old my daies wer reckond and the Score is onw striking off yours also must have an end therefore it behoves you not to be careless how much it imports you but be heedfull what life you lead that death may find you in a good condition when he summons you away Afterwards he much recommended unto him a War against Hereticks and Peace with France The Prince thinking that he was now expird and to settle the Marquess of Denia his Favorit afterwards Duke of Lerma he demanded the golden Key of his Closet of Don Christo val de mora he answerd that he could not do it while the King was living the Prince being a little movd therat Don Christoval complained to the King who although he likd not his Sons demand por ser algo temprana because it was somwhat to early yet he commanded Don Christo val to deliver it him and aske him pardon Now the King had a year before turnd his face to the wall towards death and his back to the world from all troublesom businesses so that the Prince signd most Commissions all the while So on Sunday about five in the afternoon upon the day of rest Philip went gently to his last and he fell with the fall of the leaf in September being seventy one yeers of age to which age none of the Austrian Family ever arrivd as it was observd The last words which he breathd were these yo muero como Catolico Christiano en lafe obediencia de la iglesia Romana y Respeto al papa como a quieâ— trae en sus manos las llaves del cielo como al principe de la iglesia y Teniente de Dios sobre el imperio de las almas I dy a Catholic Christian in the faith and obedience of the Roman Church and I respect the Pope as him who carries in his hands the Keys of Heaven being Prince of the Church and Gods Lieurenant over the Empire of Souls Thus Philip el prudente Philip the prudent for that Epithet was given him afterwards by a Parliament in Spain and confirmd solemnly afterwards in a Consistory at Rome took his last farewell of this World wherin he had bin salted as it were so long by so many incumbrances and sicknesses The report of his death made a great sound up and down the world specially in Rome wher it was much resented For the Pope calld an extraordinary Consistory the next day wherin he declard that if ever the Apostolick See had cause of grief and affliction it was for the decease of this Prince because the holy Church had left her greatest Champion and her Persecutors their potentst Enemy whose life was no other then a continuall combat against Apostacy and Error so he compard him to David in his hatred of Gods Enemies to Salomon in wisdom to Josias in reformation of holy things to Jacob in patience to Augustus in valour to Trajan and Theodosius in obedience to the holy Church but ther wer two things that comforted him for so great a loss his so immutable and rocky perseverance in his religion his admirable resignation of his will to God and his incredible patience in his suffrances which wer so many By this pathetic Speech did Clement the 8th as it wer canonize King Philip and endear his memory to the Catholic world In Spain the condolement for his death was so universall that every one did put himself in mourning for him which they wore so long that finding a kind of gravity as well as conveniency in black the Spaniards are more addicted to that colour then any Nation ever since and questionless he was a Prince of a rare temper of a large soul and extraordinary intellectuals he was devoted to his Religion in an intense degree for he wold often say si el Pâ—incipe su hjjo fuera hereje scilmatico diera el mismo la lenapara quemarle If the Prince his Son wer a Heretick or Schismatic he wold himself find fuel to burn him What a world of pious works did he erect first he founded the Church of Saint Barnaba the Apostle in the Escurial he built half the Convent of Saint Philip in Madrid he added a Cloyster to our Lady of Hope in Ocana another to the Lady 〈◊〉 wher he also built a royall Chappel he gave seven thousand Crowns to Saint Hieronimo seven thousand more to Saint Benet in Valladolid with a perpetuall rent of eight hundred Crowns per an to the great Church there eighteen thousand Crowns to the Minorits of Madrid he made a large Colledg of Antonio Perez house endowing with large Rents and calling it Saint Isabâ—l He sent mighty presents to Loreto he contributed much for erecting the Monarchy of the Mintins in Madrid he founded that of Saint Paul in Arevalo he gave our Lady de Guâ—dalitire twenty thousand Crowns and so much to the Lady of Monserrat he erected many Bishopricks augmented the number of Prebends in Granada and not long before his death he founded a Monastery of Augustins in Huesca he founded also divers Hospitals up and down in Spain But what shall we say of the royal Monastery of Saint Laurence in the Escurial it is better to let it alone because it is impossible to speak enough of it
had bâ—n tossd and weather-beaten by so many impetuous and fierce Tempests to conclude this peace he imployed the chiefest Officer of Spain the Constable of Castile in a very high and magnificent equipage in correspondence wherof England sent her high Admirall herein he followd the counsell of Charls the fift his Grand-father who had this saying often in his mouth Con todo el mundo guerra y puz con Ingalat jerra With all the World have War But with England do not jar Before this Embassy to England the common people of Spain were made to believe by their preaching Jesuits that english-men since they receded from the Roman Church were strangly transformd som had fâ—ces like Hogs som like Dogs som like Munkies but the Constable at his return did rectifie his Country-men in this point Philip being now in peace with all Christian Princes and being addicted to devotion in a high degree he thought it a work acceptable to God Almighty and agreeable to the office of a Catholiâ— King to cleer Spain of the Mahumetan Moriscos who had planted themselves â—her above seven hundred yeers He put the business to many serious deliberations the result wherof at last was that it wold be a high act of Christian Piety and gratefull to Heaven so there was a royall Ban of banishment publisht against the Moriscos who were dispersd up down specially in the Maritime parts of Spain which border upon the Mediterranean Sea in great multitudes to the number of many hundred thousand souls who were all hurried over to Barbary but permitted to carry with them all their movables and make sale of their other goods the King providing Ships and paying for their transfretation the motive that inducd Philip to this Act was that he thought it a thing unpleasing to God that so many Infidels and Mahumetans shold mingle so thick with Christians that many thousands had bin baptiâ—d but they apostatizd and grew greater enemies to Chrsts then before that there were sundry plots and machinations discoverd as also the intelligence they kept with the Turk the common enemy of Spain The first advice whereof was given by the English Ambassador the Earl of Notingham who brought Letters with him that had bin sent King Iames how the sayed Moriscos had a secret design to introduce the great Turk and so to joyn with him for the conquering of Spain as the Conde Don Iulian did with the Moors Henry the fourth of France sent him also intelligence tending to that end So in a short time the Country was rid of them as it was formerly of the Jewes in the time of Ferdinand and Isabella But there were som incommodities followd for Spain was much depopulated and impoverisht hereby specially for Corn and other Vegetals for those Moriscos were an industrious people wold grub up Corn and Pulse with other things out of the tops of those craggy Hills wherwith Spain is bunchd in most places so that the Spaniard who naturally is slothfull unless it be in the Wars as the Turks are had nothing to do but having put on his Sword and swelling ruff but go with his Ass to the Market and buy corn of the Moriscos who usually fed upon bread made of Maiz or some other Pulse so that the Spaniards for the most part did eat by the sweat of other mens brows Philip the third having as formerly it was spoken concluded a peace with England and a Truce with the Dutch passd most part of his Raign in quietness which suted best with his disposition he being a Prince wholly devoted to exercises of piety being alwaies fingring his Beads He sympathizd in nature much with Edward the sixth of England but was not so infortunat as he for he preservd what his Father left him wheras the other lost France where he had bin Crownd King in his Cradle And this happiness of Philip may be imputed to the sage conduct of the Duke of Lerma who was a sound and well-weighd Minister of State of a Debonnair and affable deportment quite contrary to the genius of his Successor Olivares who was of a rough rigid humor Philip the third after he had reignd 23. yeers died as he lived in a sweet peaceable way and he was called Philip el Bueno Philip the good as his Father was calld Philip the prudent Philip the third to pay his Fathers Creditors and disburden the Crown of those vast Arrears wherwith it was most heavily laden in regard of so many Irons he had to beat all his life-time was forcd to inhance the Gabels and lay new impositions as in other places so specially in the Kingdom of Naples Now those who cut out Philip the second most work to do were Henry the fourth of France and Elizabeth Queen of England the one was sayed to play the Barber and shave him which Harry did so nimbly and dextrously as if he had bin born to the Trade and old Bess held the Bason while he washd Philips head and face but it was given out that he did this without Camphire Ball or any Soap at all but with stale Ly and strong standing Urine There was about that time a witty Italian Author whose fancies are fresh to this day who being no friend to the Spaniard writ many things by way of drollery against his mode of Government in Sicilie Milan and Naples specially in the last And as he descants upon the Servitude which that wavering and wanton people were reducd unto for their so frequent Sollevations and Revolts he sayeth that to punish with som severity the Napolitans for thier infidelity and murmurings against their former Kings it pleasd the Majesty of the heavenly Judg to deliver them into the hands of Pharo to receive law from him meaning the Spaniard who having felt the pulse of that luxurious people by his interior Cabinet councell was advisd that there was no better way to preserve Naples in a constancy of obedience then to bring down the flesh and tame that hot metteld and spirited Horse or Courser which she gave for her Ensign therupon there were appointed Riders Grooms Smiths and others to look to him and break him they found that he was so wanton that he wold hardly receive Bit Bridle or Saddle that he was of a mighty strength therfore it was fitting so pamperd an Animal shold be brought low and mortified Somthing was don in Charles the fift's time to this purpose but his Son Philip did finish the work who had almost rid him quite of his legs insomuch that at the beginning of Philip the thirds Raign there was a speciall â—unta appointed to meet in the Piazza at Naples to take a view in what case he stood The poor Beast was brought forth and he was grown so feeble that his legs could hardly serve him to be softly led into the Market-place It was a most pittifull object to see how that generous Courser who had once so much spirit and strength
any of the rest which he much resented in regard he had so earnest a desire to see the Prince and to speak with him he having bin the first who put the Treaty of alliance on foot therfore it was suspected that he wold have discoverd somthing unto him prejudiciall to Spain But to give Don Gaspar de Olivares his due he had solid and sufficient parts for a great Minister of state his passions were very high for the greatning of his Master to the transactions of whose affairs he indefatigably addicted himself He was a professd Enemy to all Presents he never usd to give audience to Ladies or any women but wold receive their busines by Letters Lastly the greatest fault which I find he could be guilty of was that he was not so succesfull as he was sedulous Thus fell that huge Swayer of the Spanish Monarchy above thirty yeers and it seems with the Kings favor his spirits quickly fayld him for removing from Loches to Toro he there met with his last about sixteen months after His body being opend there was found in his Skull above two pounds of Brains and at the day of his buriall there was a huge Tempest fell with extraordinary fulgurations and cracks of Thunder as we read that when Katherin de Medici was buried in France there fell such a hidious storm that fifty Sayl of Merchant-men were cast away upon the Coasts of Britany The sorest Enemy Olivares had was the Queen which made him say that Muger hizo echar el primer hombre fuera de'l parayso y muger hizo echar a mi fuera del palacio A Woman was the cause that the first man was thrust out of Paradice and a Woman was the cause that I also was thrust out of the Kings Palace The Conde de Castrillo brother to the Marquess of Carpio who was brother-in-law to Olivares was one of the chiefest Engins which helpd to pull down this great Tree being a sober and wise well weighd man He is now Vice-roy of Naples having succeeded the little Conde d Ognate who had done such signall supererogatory Services in suppressing those horrid tumults in Naples where the power of Spain was upon point of sinking and his wisdom was no less discernd in settling peace and stopping the wide breaches wherwith that Kingdom had bin so miserably rent as also in finding out and punishing the chiefest Incendiaries wherof there were divers who felt the sharp Sword of Nemesis And lastly for devising waies to raise sums countervaylable to those Gabels and Taxes which the King was enforcd to abolish by the fury of the people And now will I take leave of the gentle Parthenope that three Castled and high crested Citty but a few words further of her Pedigree before we part she was built presently after the Wars of Troy by a young Grecian Lady calld Parthenope whose statue is to be seen there She was Daughter of Eumelus Son to Admetus King of Thessaly after her Fathers death she consulted with the Oracle at Delphos what her Fortunes shold be the Oracle told her that she was designd for another Country to be the Foundress of a noble Citty which shold be famous all the Earth over therfore she embarkd her self with divers more and sayling along the Tyrrhen Sea she landed at last in the next Promontory to Naples whence as the Legend tells a white Dove conducted her to that palce where Naples now stands where she began to build and trace a Citty which she calld by her own name Parthenope or the Virgin Citty which appellation continued till Octavianus the Emperor who first calld her Neapolis or the City of Navigation she being in rising postures like an Amphitheater on the Sea-side and wonderfull comodious for trafic she abounds with Silks Oyles Flowers Fruits and a most generous Race of Horses as any place upon the earthly Globe As her Horses are generous so they are observd to be more docile and neer to rationall Creatures then any where else for which this instance shall be producd Cardinall Bentivoglio sent Henry the Fourth of France a choice Napolitan Courser with his Keeper when the Horse was brought before the King he commanded one of his Riders to mount him who neither with Switch or Spur wold scarce stir or shew any feats of activity the King herupon and the Beholders began to disparage the Horse taking him for som dull Jade hereupon the King desird an Italian Rider to mount him the Horse when he saw his own Rider ready to back him fell a trembling all over but the Rider being got up he began to prance and flounce so nimbly as if he wold have flown into the Air to the amazement of all the Spectators so King Henry with the Present beggd the Rider of the Cardinall whom he entertaind all his life-time The Napolitan being born in a luxurious Country is observd to be the greatest Embracer of pleasure the greatest Courtier of Ladies and the most indulgent of himself of any other Nation insomuch that no command of the King can make a Napolitan Gentleman to go upon any Service for three months in Sommer till the heats are over They are full of Noble Friendship one to another and somtime they make their love to men controul their lust to women As there was a notable example these late yeers in the person of the young Marquess Oliverio who being desperatly in love with the Countess of Castlenovo layd siege to her a good while and the Count going to a Country-house of his and taking his Countess and Family with him the Marquess being more and more enflamd goes to the Country hard by one day a Hawking and let flies his Hawk into the Count of Castlenovos Gardens where it chancd he and his Countes were walking the Marquess made bold to retreeve his Hawk the Count with very high Civilities did welcom him and causd a Banquet to be presently provided where he and his Lady entertaind him being gone the Count began to commend the Marquess telling his wife that he was one of the hopefullst young Noble men and the fullest of parts of any in the whole Kingdom These praises made such impressions in the Countess that a little after he gaind her so the time and place of pleasure being appointed he was let in a privat way to her Chamber where she being a bed as he was undressing himself to go to her she told him that he was beholden to the Count her Husband for this Favor for she never heard him speak so much in commendation of any Is it so sayd the Marquess then I shold be the arrantst Villan in the world to abuse so noble a Friend so he put on his Dubblet agen and departed but with much civillity in the very height and heat of lust though he had so commodious conjuncture of time as his heart could desire But as the Napolitan have a high noble method of Friendship amongst them so are they as